Ariete 1313 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for 1313 by Ariete which is a product in the Coffee Makers category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
COD. 4075103800 REV. 0 del 27/06/2019
827070
De’ Longhi Appliances Srl
Divisione Commerciale Ariete
Via San Quirico, 300
50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI)
E-Mail: info@ariete.net
Internet: www.ariete.net
Macchina da caffè
Coffee maker
Machine à cafè
Kaffeemaschine
Máquina de café
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Ekspres do kawy
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WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL
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INTENDED USE
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RESIDUAL RISKS
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with care: Burns hazard!
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23
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DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTS
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C - Power cord
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L - Coffee grinder
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R - Coffee presser
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U - Coffee beans container
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
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24
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First start-up
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right temperature for distributing coffee, button indicators
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25
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HOW TO MAKE COFFEE
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CÓMO HACER EL CAFÉ CON PASTILLA
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CÓMO HACER UN CAPUCHINO
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REUTILIZACIÓN PARA CAFÉ
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está equipada con un sistema de control electrónico que permite erogar el café siempre a la temperatura
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¡Atención!
La operación de limpieza se debe efectuar cuando las partes calientes del aparato han alcanzado la
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Empieza la fase de enjuague y el agua contenida en el depósito comienza a salir por el asiento de enganche
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En el caso de desguace, hay que separar los distintos materiales utilizados para la construcción de la má-
quina y proceder a la eliminación de los mismos sobre la base de su composición y según las disposiciones
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GUÍA DE SOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS
¡Atención!
(QFDVRGHPDOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRDSDJXHGHLQPHGLDWRHODSDUDWR\GHVFRQHFWHODFODYLMDGHODWRPD
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352%/(0$6 &$86$6 62/8&,21(6
La máquina no eroga
agua caliente Probablemente ha entrado aire en
el circuito y esto ha desconectado
ODERPED
Comprobar que el deposito esté bien colocado y que
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La máquina no
VXPLQLVWUDYDSRU Hay poca agua y la bomba no
DVSLUD
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por los bordes del
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caliente esté en la posición central
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de hacer otro café, espere hasta que los indicadores
luminosos de los botones
se
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ERUGHVGHOSRUWD¿OWUR Probablemente se haya colocado en
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de café molido lo cual ha impedido
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En la junta del asiento de enganche
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Proceder con la limpieza de la junta con una esponja
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El café contiene
mucha agua y está
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grande
Para obtener un café más concentrado y más caliente,
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Molinillo bloqueado o
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Cuando la máquina
está encendida, el
indicador luminoso
del botón de
encendido parpadea
rápidamente
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agua caliente no está en la posición
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de café erogado /DFDQWLGDGGHFDIpHURJDGRSDUD
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El aparato hace ruido
durante la erogación
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El ruido lo causa la bomba del agua
que funciona a presiones más altas
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El aparato hace un
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la erogación del café
Hay poca agua y la bomba no
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El aparato no eroga
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La máquina deja de
funcionar La protección interna del motor
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El molinillo está
bloqueado o hace un
ruido más fuerte
Presencia de impurezas entre los
granos de café que han bloqueado
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La erogación del café
no se produce o se
produce demasiado
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El disco agujereado que se
encuentra en el asiento de
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uniforme por todos los agujeros, ejecute la limpieza
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GRWDFLyQ/LPSLHHO¿OWURFRPRVHGHVFULEHHQHOSiUUDIR
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WD]DRWD]DV
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Hay poca agua y la bomba no
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ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ±ȀĮIJȐ IJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪțĮȚ ĮIJȝȠȪȝȘȞțĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJİIJȘȞțȐȞȠȣȜĮ
ʌȐȞȦıİȐȜȜĮȐIJȠȝĮȒʌȐȞȦıĮȢȆȚȐıIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐĮʌȩIJȠʌȜĮıIJȚțȩȝȑȡȠȢIJȠȣ
ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȝȠȞȐȤĮįȠȤİȓĮʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıȝȑȞĮĮʌȩȣȜȚțȐțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜĮȖȚĮ³IJȡȩijȚȝĮ´
ƴƩƮƣƯƵƫƬƧƴƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƫƴ
ǼȀǺǻǺȉȊǽȇȈȆȉǽȁȊȀȁǺȊȀȉȇǺȈǺȁǺȊȎȆǼǿĬȀǽȉ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚıȤİįȚĮıȝȑȞȘȖȚĮȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚıİȤȫȡȠȣȢțĮIJȠȚțȓĮȢȒ
ʌĮȡȩȝȠȚȠȣȢȩʌȦȢȖȚĮʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮ
ıIJȚȢțȠȣȗȓȞİȢIJȦȞțĮIJĮıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȖȚĮIJȠʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȩıIJĮ
ȖȡĮijİȓĮțĮȚıİȐȜȜȠȣȢİʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢȤȫȡȠȣȢ
ıIJĮĮȖȡȠțIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȟİȞȠįȠȤİȓĮPRWHOEHGEUHDNIDVWțĮȚȐȜȜİȢįȠȝȑȢțĮIJȠȚțȓĮȢȖȚĮȤȡȒıȘĮʌȩ
IJȠȣȢʌİȜȐIJİȢIJȠȣȢ
ǻİȞĮȞĮȜĮȝȕȐȞȠȣȝİțĮȝȓĮİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȜĮȞșĮıȝȑȞȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȒȖȚĮ
țȐʌȠȚĮȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘʌȠȣįİȞĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮijȣȜȐııİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢIJȠȣİȡȖȠıIJĮıȓȠȣįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣ
ȩIJȚįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚįȦȡİȐȞIJİȤȞȚțȒȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȖȚĮIJȚȢȗȘȝȚȑȢʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘ-
țĮȞĮʌȩĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒĮʌȩȑȞĮ
İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
88
EL
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓDŽNJǂǕǂǍNJNjǒƽǑǂNJDžNJƽ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡĮIJȦȞİIJȫȞțĮȚ
ȐIJȠȝĮȝİİȚįȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȒĮʌȩȐIJȠȝĮʌȠȣįİȞȑȤȠȣȞIJȘȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘʌİȓȡĮ
ȝȩȞȠıIJȘȞʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȣʌİȪșȣȞȠȒʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞįȚĮ-
ȕȐıİȚțĮȚțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐ
IJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
IJĮʌĮȚįȚȐįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȅțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢțĮȚȘıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘʌȠȣĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠĮȣIJȩįİȞʌȡȑ-
ʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞİʌȚIJȒȡȘıȘİȞȩȢİȞȒȜȚțĮ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȖțĮIJĮȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘįȚȐșİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚ-
įȚȫȞįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJİȪıİIJİțȩȕȠȞIJĮȢ
IJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣȞĮIJĮȝȑȡȘ
IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȖȚĮȝȚțȡȐ
ʌĮȚįȚȐʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȃĮȝȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘȕİȜȩȞĮȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩIJȠȣĮțȡȠijȣıȓȠȣĮIJȝȠȪıIJȘįȚȐ-
șİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚįȚȫȞțĮȚȞĮIJȘȞijȣȜȐııİIJİıİĮıijĮȜȑȢȝȑȡȠȢȖȚĮIJȓȣʌȐȡȤİȚ
țȓȞįȣȞȠȢțĮIJȐʌȠıȘȢȒIJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȂȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİıİȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȞĮȑȤȠȣȞʌȡȩıȕĮıȘıIJȠțĮ-
ȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ȆȡȚȞıȣȞįȑıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩįȓțIJȣȠȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘʌȠȣ
ĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓȝİIJȘȞIJȐıȘIJȠȣ
įȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢ
Ǿ ȤȡȒıȘ ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȫȞȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗȦȞ ȝȘİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȦȞ ĮʌȩIJȠ İȡȖȠıIJȐıȚȠ
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚȗȘȝȚȑȢȒĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮ
ȆȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ǹȞʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚȗȘȝȚȐIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJĮșİȓıİ
ȑȞĮİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠțȑȞIJȡȠIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒıİțȐșİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘ
ĮʌȩȑȞĮȞĮįİȚȠȪȤȠȘȜİțIJȡȠȜȩȖȠȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠțȜİȚıșİȓȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ȂȘȞȕȡȑȤİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓ
ȞĮȖȓȞİȚȕȡĮȤȣțȪțȜȦȝĮ
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİʌȑȝȕĮıȘțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪ
ȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
ȃĮıȕȒȞİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİ-
IJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLJLjǍNJƽǓǂǑǝDžNJƽǗǐǒdžǓƽnjnjdžǓǂNJǕǀdžǓ
ȂȘȞĮȞĮıȘțȫȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȚȐȞȠȞIJȐȢIJȘȞĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪȒIJȠȜİțĮȞȐ-
89
EL
țȚȆȚȐıIJİIJȘȞĮʌȩIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢ
ǼʌȚȜȑȟIJİȑȞĮȤȫȡȠȝİİʌĮȡțȒijȦIJȚıȝȩțĮȚĮİȡȚıȝȩțĮȚȝİȝȚĮʌȡȓȗĮİȪțȠȜĮ
ʌȡȠıʌİȜȐıȚȝȘ
ǹʌȠijȪȖİIJİȞĮȕȐȜİIJİıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȩIJĮȞĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİıIJİĮʌȩIJȠȤȫȡȠʌȠȣ
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ
ȆȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțĮȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ǻİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȑʌİıİțȐIJȦĮȞȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞİȝijĮ-
ȞİȓȢȗȘȝȚȑȢȒȞĮʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚįȚĮȡȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞ
ȑȤİȚȗȘȝȚȐIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȒIJȠijȚȢȒĮȞʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚİȜȐIJIJȦȝĮȘıȣıțİȣȒǵȜİȢȠȚ
İʌȚıțİȣȑȢțĮȚȘĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚ
ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐĮʌȩİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮțȑȞIJȡĮIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒĮʌȩ
IJİȤȞȚțȠȪȢIJȘȢ$ULHWHȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ƲǒǐdžNJDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjDŽNJǂdžDŽNjǂǞǍǂǕǂ
ȂȘȞțĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩȒIJȠȞĮIJȝȩʌȐȞȦıĮȢȤİȚȡȚıIJİȓIJİȝİʌȡȠıȠ-
ȤȒIJȠȞıȦȜȒȞĮĮIJȝȠȪțȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ
ǵIJĮȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȘȝȘȤĮȞȒȝȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJĮİȟȦIJİȡȚțȐȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐIJȝȒȝĮIJȐIJȘȢțĮȚ
IJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȐșİIJİȑȖțĮȣȝĮ
ǹȞįİȞİțȡȑİȚȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȑȤİȚijȡȐȟİȚIJȠijȓȜ-
IJȡȠȈIJȘȞʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘĮȣIJȒĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘ
IJȣȤȩȞȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮȒİțIJȩȟİȣıȘ
ȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢIJȘȢıȤİIJȚțȒȢʌĮȡĮȖȡȐijȠȣ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮıIJĮșİȡȩİʌȓʌİįȠȩʌȠȣįİȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ȞĮĮȞĮʌȠįȠȖȣȡȓıİȚ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩȖȚĮIJȓșĮțĮİȓȘĮȞIJȜȓĮ
ȂȘȞȖİȝȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİȗİıIJȩȒțĮȣIJȩȞİȡȩ
ȂȘȞIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȫıİȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȒțȠȞIJȐıİȖȣȝȞȑȢijȜȩ-
ȖİȢȖȚĮȞĮȝȘȞȖȓȞİȚȗȘȝȚȐıIJȠʌİȡȓȕȜȘȝȐIJȘȢ
ȉȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȘȜİțIJȡȠįȩIJȘıȘȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐİȚıİȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮİȡȚȠȪȤȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚįȚȠȟİȓįȚȠIJȠȣȐȞșȡĮțĮ
ȂȘȞȕȐȗİIJİıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠțĮȝȓĮȐȜȜȘȠȣıȓĮİțIJȩȢĮʌȩțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮ
ȖȓȞİȚıȠȕĮȡȒȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȡȣșȝȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠȝȪȜȠȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢIJȠȣțĮȚ
ȝȘȞȕȐȗİIJİıİțĮȝȓĮʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘĮȜİıȝȑȞȠțĮijȑıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠțĮijȑĮȜȜȐĮʌȠțȜİȚ-
ıIJȚțȐțĮijȑıİțȩțțȠȣȢ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒıİșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞIJȠȢȤĮȝȘȜȩIJİȡȘĮʌȩ&
ȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȖȫıİȚIJȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣȑȤİȚȝİȓȞİȚȝȑıĮıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮțĮȚȞĮʌȡȠȟİ-
ȞȒıİȚȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȣʌĮȓșȡȚȠȤȫȡȠ
90
EL
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıIJȠȣȢĮIJȝȠıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢȕȡȠ-
ȤȒȒȜȚȠțȜʌ
ǹijȠȪȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮțĮȚĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıȠȣȞIJĮȗİıIJȐİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȚıIJİȓĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓȝȩȜȚȢȕȠȣ-
IJȘȖȝȑȞȠıIJȠȞİȡȩȝİȜȓȖİȢıIJĮȖȩȞİȢȠȣįȑIJİȡȠȣĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢȝȘȞ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑįȚĮȜȪIJİȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞȠȣȞȗȘȝȚȐıIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐ
ƷƶƭƣưƵƧƣƶƵƧƴƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴ
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƺƯƧưƣƳƵƩƮƣƵƺƯ
$ ȀĮʌȐțȚįȠȤİȓȠȣ
% ǻȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ
&ȀĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
'ĭȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮ
( ĭȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
) ĭȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
*ȊʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
+ȂʌȡȓțȚIJȠȣȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢ
, ǹțȡȠijȪıȚȠĮIJȝȠȪ
- ȈȦȜȒȞĮȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
. DzįȡĮıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
/ ȂȪȜȠȢȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑ
0ȁİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ
1ĭȜȠIJȑȡ
2ȈȤȐȡĮȖȚĮIJĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
3 ȇȠįȑȜĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȠȣȕĮșȝȠȪȐȜİıȘȢ
4ǺİȜȩȞĮȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩIJȠȣĮțȡȠijȣıȓȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ
5ȆȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚ
6 ĭȓȜIJȡȠĮʌȠıțȜȒȡȣȞıȘȢȞİȡȠȪ'HORQJKL
7 ȀĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣțĮijȑ
8ǻȠȤİȓȠțĮijȑıİțȩțțȠȣȢ
ȀȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ȆȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢȝİİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
ǼȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮʌĮȓIJȘıȘȢĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞ
ȆȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȝİİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ǼȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȘȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮIJȝȩȢȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩ
ȆȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮȝİİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ȆȜȒțIJȡȠIJȘȞȐȜİıȘIJȠȣțĮijȑıİțȩțțȠȣȢȝİİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
ȂĮȞȩȝİIJȡȠ
ƴǕǐNJǘdžǀǂǂǎǂDŽǎǟǒNJǔLjǓ
ȈIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮʌȠȣȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘȑįȡĮıȘȢIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚIJĮʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıIJȠȚȤİȓĮ
ĮȞĮȖȞȫȡȚıȘȢ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢțĮȚıȒȝĮȞıȘ&(ǼȅȀ
ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠȂȠG
ĮȡıİȚȡȐȢ61
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘȢ9țĮȚıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ+]
țĮIJĮȞĮȜȚıțȩȝİȞȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȚıȤȪȢ:
91
EL
ʌȡȐıȚȞȠIJȘȜȑijȦȞȠįȦȡİȐȞțȜȒıȘIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘ
ǵIJĮȞĮʌİȣșȪȞİıIJİıIJĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȞĮĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠȝȠȞIJȑȜȠțĮȚIJȠȞ
ĮȡȚșȝȩıİȚȡȐȢIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢ
ƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƥƫƣƵƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ƪƾǔLjǔdžnjdžNJǕǐǖǒDŽǀǂ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢțĮȚȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞȩȜĮIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣ-
ıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİȝȚĮİʌȓʌİįȘțĮȚıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮȆȜȪȞIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
IJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮHțĮȚIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣțĮijȑ
ƧDŽNjǂǕƽǔǕǂǔLjǕǐǖǗǀnjǕǒǐǖǂǑǐǔNjnjƿǒǖǎǔLjǓǎdžǒǐǞ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮʌȠıțȜȒȡȣȞıȘȢȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠȞȘȝİȡȠȜȠȖȚĮțȩįȓıțȠȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİȝijĮȞȚıIJȠȪȞȠȚİʌȩȝİȞȠȚįȪȠȝȒȞİȢȤȡȒıȘȢǼȚț
ȉǿȃǽȀȎȉǿijȡĴȔȝijȢȡįʍȡIJȜȝȓȢȤȟIJșȣȟıȢȡȫȒȥıțİțȑȢȜıțįȘȧȓȣİȫȡȞșȟȬȟıĴȪIJȡȟșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȥȢș-
IJțȞȡʍȡțıȔijįțȜįȟȡȟțȜȑǺȟijȔȚıijįįȟșȞșȥįȟȓȜįĴȒʍįȢįȞıȔȟıțįȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡȔșijșȞıijȡĴȔȝijȢȡįʍȡ-
IJȜȝȓȢȤȟIJșȣȟıȢȡȫıȗȜįijıIJijșȞȒȟȡijȡĴȔȝijȢȡȚįȒȥıțİțȑȢȜıțįȘȧȓȣijȡʍȡȝȫijȢıțȣıȖİȡȞȑİıȣ
ȄįȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțıȔijıĴȫIJțȗȗıȣįĴįȔȢıIJșȣįȝȑijȧȟ´:DWHUÀOWHUµ'H/RQJKLʍȡȤİțįijȔȚıȟijįțIJijįıȠȡȤIJț-
ȡİȡijșȞȒȟįȁȒȟijȢįȊıȥȟțȜȓȣȋʍȡIJijȓȢțȠșȣȉȒȢȖțȣ
īȚĮȞĮİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮʌȠıțȜȒȡȣȞıȘȢȞİȡȠȪĮijȒıIJİIJȠȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚȝȑıĮıIJȘȞ
ȠʌȒʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚIJȠȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJĮʌȜİȣȡȚțȐĮȞȠȓȖȝĮIJĮǹijȒıIJİȞĮ
IJȡȑȟȠȣȞIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞPOȞİȡȠȪǼȚț
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȚțīİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞȦʌȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢȝȑȤȡȚ
IJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘȂǹȋıIJȐșȝȘ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮʌȠıțȜȒȡȣȞıȘȢȞİȡȠȪȝȑıĮıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪǺȣșȓıIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮʌȠıțȜȒ-
ȡȣȞıȘȢȞİȡȠȪȖȚĮįȑțĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮīİȓȡİIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮʌȠıțȜȒȡȣȞıȘȢȞİȡȠȪȑIJıȚȫıIJİȞĮİȟȑȜșȠȣȞȠȚ
ijȣıĮȜȓįİȢĮȑȡĮȆȚȑıIJİĮʌĮȜȐIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮʌȠıțȜȒȡȣȞıȘȢȞİȡȠȪȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚȕȣșȚıȝȑȞȠıIJȠȞİȡȩȖȚĮȞĮ
İȟȦșȒıİIJİIJȠȞȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȩĮȑȡĮʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣǼȚț
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠıIJȘȞȑįȡĮʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȠȞʌȣșȝȑȞĮIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣǼȚțȆȚȑıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ƲǒǟǕǐƽǎǂǍǍǂ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪįȚțIJȪȠȣĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓȝİIJȘȞIJȐıȘʌȠȣĮȞĮȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ
IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ǹijȠȪȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ0$;IJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣ
ǼȚțīȚĮȞĮİȟĮıijĮȜȓıİIJİIJȘıȦıIJȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȚȑıIJİIJȑȡȝĮIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȉȠįȠȤİȓȠȖİȝȓȗİȚȝȩȞȠĮʌȩʌȐȞȦȤȪȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȠȞİȡȩıIJȠİȚįȚțȩįȚĮȝȑȡȚıȝĮĮijȠȪĮȞĮıȘțȫıİIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚ
ǼȚț
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȈIJİȡİȫıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢȤȦȡȓȢȞĮȕȐȜİIJİțĮȞȑȞĮijȓȜIJȡȠ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ ǹȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣȜİȚ-
IJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢǵIJĮȞȘıȣıțİȣȒȑȤİȚIJȘıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİȚIJȠȞțĮijȑIJĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮ
IJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞ
ĮȞȐȕȠȣȞȝȩȞȚȝĮ
ȉǿȃǽȀȎȉǿįȟijȡȤİȢįȤȝțȜȪȜȫȜȝȧȞįijȡȤȝȒȖșijįȒȞıțȟıȥȧȢȔȣȟıȢȪȪȝįijįıȟİıțȜijțȜȑȝįȞʍȑȜțį
įȟįȖȡIJȖȓȟȡȤȟijįȤijȪȥȢȡȟįĬțįȟįįʍȡȜįijįIJijȓIJıijıijșȝıțijȡȤȢȗȔįijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣİțįȖȑIJijıijșȟʍįȢȑ-
ȗȢįĴȡ´ĬȒȞțIJȞįijȡȤİȡȥıȔȡȤȟıȢȡȫȜįijȑijșİțȑȢȜıțįijșȣȥȢȓIJșȣµ
īȚĮȞĮİʌĮȞĮijȠȡIJȓıİIJİIJȠțȪțȜȦȝĮıȕȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒīİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞȦʌȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢ
ǹȞȐȥIJİȟĮȞȐIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȘȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȠȣİʌȚıȘȝĮȓȞİIJĮȚȝİIJȠȐȞĮȝȝĮ
ȩȜȦȞIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞȝİİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪʌȡȠȢIJĮȝȑıĮțĮȚțĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJȑ
IJȠʌȡȠȢIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪʌȡȠȢIJĮįİȟȚȐ
ıIJȘȞșȑıȘȞİȡȩ ǼȚț
92
EL
ȉǿȃǽȀȎȉǿȜįijȑijșİțȑȢȜıțįijșȣĴȑIJșȣȚȒȢȞįȟIJșȣșIJȤIJȜıȤȓıȜȢȒıțȘıIJijȪȟıȢȪįʍȪijșȟȒİȢįIJȤ-
ȗȜȢȑijșIJșȣijșȣȤʍȡİȡȥȓȣĴȔȝijȢȡȤʍıȢȔʍȡȤPO
ȉǿȃǽȀȎȉǿʍȢȡIJȒȠijıijȡȜȡȤȞʍȔʍįȢȡȥȓȣįijȞȡȫȘıIJijȡȫȟıȢȡȫȟįıȔȟįțIJijșȟȜıȟijȢțȜȓȚȒIJș İțį-
ĴȡȢıijțȜȑİıȟȚįįȢȥȔIJıțșȚȒȢȞįȟIJșijȡȤȝȒȖșijįǺȟijȡȜȡȤȞʍȔʍįȢȡȥȓȣįijȞȡȫȘıIJijȡȫȟıȢȡȫİıȟıȔȟįț
IJıįȤijȒȣijțȣIJȤȟȚȓȜıȣijȡıȟİıțȜijțȜȪȝįȞʍȑȜțȝıțijȡȤȢȗȔįȣ ȚįįȟįȖȡIJȖȓȟıțȞıȤȦșȝȓIJȤȥȟȪijșijį
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȝʌȡȓțȚIJȠȣȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢʌȠȣʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ǼȚț
ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ ǼȚțȄİțȚȞȒıIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȝȑȤȡȚ
ȞĮįİȓIJİIJȘȞİțȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȝʌȡȓțȚIJȠȣȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪǼȚț
īȣȡȓıIJİʌȡȠȢIJĮįİȟȚȐIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘȞİȡȩ
ȄİțȚȞȒıIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȝȑȤȡȚȞĮįİȓIJİIJȘȞİțȡȠȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪǼʌĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİ
IJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞțİȞIJȡȚțȒșȑıȘ ȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȚȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİȟĮȞIJȜȘșİȓȩȜȠIJȠȞİȡȩıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȉȫȡĮȘıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȘȞĮijIJȚȐȟİȚIJȠȞʌȡȫIJȠțĮijȑ
ȈǾȂǼǿȍȈǾȞĮİʌĮȞĮȜĮȝȕȐȞİIJİĮȣIJȒȞIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮțȐșİijȠȡȐʌȠȣȟĮȞĮȞȐȕİIJİIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒȝİIJȐĮʌȩʌȠȜ-
ȜȑȢȝȑȡİȢĮįȡȐȞİȚĮȢ
ǹȞIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȓȞİȚȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩșĮĮȚıșĮȞșİȓIJİȑȞĮȞțȡĮįĮıȝȩțĮȚșĮĮțȠȣıIJİȓȑȞĮȢįȣȞĮIJȩȢșȩȡȣȕȠȢȉĮ
İȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞ ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞīȚĮȞĮĮʌȠțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡ-
ȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢįȚĮȕȐıIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ³īȑȝȚıȝĮIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȘȢȤȡȒıȘȢ´
ƲƺƴƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƬƣƷƧ
ǼȜȑȖȟIJİIJȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ%ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJȠįȠȤİȓȠİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠıIJȘȞ
ȑįȡĮIJȠȣȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ*IJȠijȓȜIJȡȠʌȠȣșȑȜİIJİİȓȞĮȚįȣȞĮIJȩȞȞĮİʌȚȜȑȟİIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
(ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȒIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ)ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑıİțȩțțȠȣȢıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠțĮijȑǼȚțȂȘȞȕȐȗİIJİȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțȩțțȦȞțĮijȑȆȡȑ-
ʌİȚȞĮțȜİȓȞİIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣțĮijȑʌȐȞȦıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȉǿȃǽȀȎȉǿǺȟȖȑȘıijıȝȔȗȡȤȣȜȪȜȜȡȤȣȜįĴȒȜȑȚıĴȡȢȑȚįįʍȡȝįȞȖȑȟıijıȒȟįȟȜįĴȒʍȑȟijįȞıĴȢȒIJȜȡ
ȥįȢȞȑȟț
ƳǞljǍNJǔLjǕǐǖǃǂljǍǐǞƽnjdžǔLjǓ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮȜȑıİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑĮȞȐȜȠȖĮȝİIJȠȕĮșȝȩȐȜİıȘȢʌȠȣİʌȚșȣȝİȓIJİȤȠȞIJȡȒȒȜİʌIJȒȐȜİıȘ
ȅȕĮșȝȩȢȐȜİıȘȢİʌȘȡİȐȗİȚIJȘȖİȪıȘ±ȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠȒʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠįȣȞĮIJȩȢ±țĮȚʌȩıȠțĮȧȝȐțȚșĮȑȤİȚȂʌȠȡİȓ-
IJİȞĮįȠțȚȝȐıİIJİȞĮĮȜȜȐȟİIJİĮȣIJȒIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠȖȚĮȞĮȕȡİȓIJİIJȘȞIJȑȜİȚĮȖİȪıȘȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮijȑıĮȢ
ȆȐȞȦıIJȘȡȠįȑȜĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȠȣȕĮșȝȠȪȐȜİıȘȢȣʌȐȡȤİȚȝȚĮįȚĮȕȐșȝȚıȘĮʌȩIJȠȝȑȤȡȚIJȠȅȚȝİȖĮȜȪ-
IJİȡȠȚĮȡȚșȝȠȪĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤȠȪȞıİʌȚȠȤȠȞIJȡȒȐȜİıȘȅȚȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠȚĮȡȚșȝȠȪĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤȠȪȞıİʌȚȠȥȚȜȒȐȜİıȘ
ǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİȑȞĮȞțĮijȑȝİȕĮșȝȩȐȜİıȘȢȓıȠȝİȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮĮȜȜȐȟIJİIJȠȕĮșȝȩȐȜİıȘȢȖȚĮȞĮ
ȕȡİȓIJİIJȘȞIJȑȜİȚĮȖİȪıȘȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮijȑıĮȢ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȘȡȠįȑȜĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȠȣȕĮșȝȠȪȐȜİıȘȢ3ʌȡȠȢIJĮĮȡȚıIJİȡȐĮȞșȑȜİIJİȤȠȞIJȡȒȐȜİıȘ Ȓ
ʌȡȠȢIJĮįİȟȚȐĮȞșȑȜİIJİȜİʌIJȒȐȜİıȘ ǼȚț
93
EL
ȉǿȃǽȀȎȉǿșʍįȢȡȥȓijȡȤįȝıIJȞȒȟȡȤȜįĴȒȞıijșȟıʍțȚȤȞșijȓȑȝıIJșİıȟȗȔȟıijįțȑȞıIJįıȠįțijȔįȣijȧȟ
ȜįijįȝȡȔʍȧȟįȝıIJȞȒȟșȣIJȜȪȟșȣʍȡȤȒȞıțȟįȟIJijȡıIJȧijıȢțȜȪijȡȤįȗȧȗȡȫȁȑȟijıʍįȢȡȥȓȞıȢțȜȬȟİȪ-
IJıȧȟįȝıIJȞȒȟȡȤȜįĴȒʍȢȡijȡȫȠįȟįȢȤȚȞȔIJıijıijȡȖįȚȞȪȑȝıIJșȣ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǾİȡȖĮıȓĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜİıIJİȓȝİĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȠIJȠȝȪȜȠȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑȖȚĮȞĮįȚİȣțȠȜȪȞİIJĮȚȘʌİȡȚıIJȡȠ-
ijȒIJȘȢȡȠįȑȜĮȢȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȠȣȕĮșȝȠȪȐȜİıȘȢ
ƳǞljǍNJǔLjǕLjǓǑǐǔǝǕLjǕǂǓǂnjdžǔǍƾǎǐǖNjǂǗƾDŽNJǂǗnjNJǕLJƽǎNJƿǗnjNJǕLJƽǎNJǂ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘʌȠȣșĮȕȐȜİIJİȝȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȤȡȩȞȠȢįȡȐıȘȢIJȠȣ
ȝȪȜȠȣ
ǾʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȠȣĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑİʌȘȡİȐȗİȚIJȘȖİȪıȘ±ȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠȒʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠįȣȞĮIJȩȢ±țĮȚʌȩıȠțĮȧȝȐțȚ
șĮȑȤİȚȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮįȠțȚȝȐıİIJİȞĮĮȜȜȐȟİIJİĮȣIJȒIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠȖȚĮȞĮȕȡİȓIJİIJȘȞIJȑȜİȚĮȖİȪıȘȖȚĮIJȠȞ
țĮijȑıĮȢ
ȀȐșİijȠȡȐʌȠȣʌȚȑȗİIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȐȜİıȘȢ ʌȑijIJİȚȠțĮijȑȢıİıțȩȞȘĮʌȩIJȠȝȪȜȠȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪȟİțȚȞȒıİIJİIJȘȞȐȜİıȘIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ*țȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠȝȪȜȠȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑǼȚț
ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȐȜİıȘȢȝȚĮijȠȡȐȖȚĮȞĮĮȜȑıİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȐȜİıȘȢįȣȠ
ıȣȞİȤȩȝİȞİȢijȠȡȑȢȖȚĮȞĮĮȜȑıİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
īȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑʌȠȣșĮĮȜȑıİIJİʌȚȑıIJİțĮȚțȡĮIJȒıIJİʌȚİıȝȑȞȠIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȐȜİıȘȢ
ȖȚĮIJȠȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȠȤȡȩȞȠȅȤȡȩȞȠȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȒȜșİİȓȞĮȚȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȘȢțĮȚȞȠȪȡȚĮȢȐȜİıȘȢīȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİ
IJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑʌȠȣșĮĮȜȑıİIJİȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚʌȚȑıIJİijȠȡȐIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȐȜİıȘȢțĮȚțȡĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȚİıȝȑȞȠ
īȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑʌȠȣșĮĮȜȑıİIJİȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮʌȚȑıIJİıȣȞİȤȩȝİȞİȢijȠȡȑȢIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠ
ȐȜİıȘȢțĮȚțȡĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȚİıȝȑȞȠ
ȉǿȃǽȀȎȉǿʍțȒIJijıIJȤȟıȥȪȞıȟıȣĴȡȢȒȣȞıİțȑIJijșȞįȞțȜȢȪijıȢȡįʍȪİıȤijıȢȪȝıʍijį
īȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİıİȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİıIJȚȖȝȒIJȘȡȪșȝȚıȘIJȘȢʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȢĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑʌȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠ
ȐȜİıȘȢ
ȉǿȃǽȀȎȉǿșȢȫȚȞțIJșijȡȤȖįȚȞȡȫȑȝıIJșȣȒȥıțıʍȔʍijȧIJșIJijșȟʍȡIJȪijșijįijȡȤʍįȢıȥȪȞıȟȡȤȜįĴȒȃıijȑ
įʍȪȜȑȚıȢȫȚȞțIJșijȡȤȖįȚȞȡȫȑȝıIJșȣʍȢȒʍıțȟįȢȤȚȞȔIJıijıijșȟʍȡIJȪijșijįįȝıIJȞȒȟȡȤȜįĴȒȗțįĴȝț-
ijȘȑȟțȜįțĴȝțijȘȑȟțį
ȀĮIJȐIJȘȞįȚȐȡțİȚĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢIJȠȣȝȪȜȠȣȐȜİıȘȢIJȠȣțĮijȑİȓȞĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıȝȑȞİȢȠȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓİȢșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢ
IJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮțĮȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ
ƳǞljǍNJǔLjǕLjǓǑǂǒdžǘǝǍdžǎLjǓǑǐǔǝǕLjǕǂǓǎdžǒǐǞDŽNJǂǗnjNJǕLJƽǎNJƿǗnjNJǕLJƽǎNJǂ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȒijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮijȑȤȡȩȞȠȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
IJȠȣȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪįȚĮȝȑıȠȣIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ǾʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪİʌȘȡİȐȗİȚIJȘȖİȪıȘ±ȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠȒʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠįȣȞĮIJȩȢ±țĮȚʌȩıȠțĮȧȝȐțȚ
șĮȑȤİȚȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮįȠțȚȝȐıİIJİȞĮĮȜȜȐȟİIJİĮȣIJȒIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠȖȚĮȞĮȕȡİȓIJİIJȘȞIJȑȜİȚĮȖİȪıȘȖȚĮIJȠȞ
țĮijȑıĮȢ
ȉǿȃǽȀȎȉǿșȢȫȚȞțIJșijșȣʍįȢıȥȪȞıȟșȣʍȡIJȪijșijįȣȟıȢȡȫȗțįĴȝțijȘȑȟțȓȗțįĴȝțijȘȑȟțįʍȢȒʍıțȟį
ıȜijıȝıIJijıȔȜįijȑijșİțȑȢȜıțįʍįȢȡȥȓȣijȡȤȜįĴȒ
īȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪʌȡȠȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮijȑʌȚȑıIJİțĮȚțȡĮIJȒıIJİʌȚİıȝȑȞȠIJȠ
ʌȜȒțIJȡȠ ȖȚĮIJȠȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȠȤȡȩȞȠȅȤȡȩȞȠȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȒȜșİȡȣșȝȓȗİȚIJȘȞȑĮʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪȖȚĮ
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ʌȚİıȝȑȞȠIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠ ȖȚĮIJȠȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȠȤȡȩȞȠȅȤȡȩȞȠȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȒȜșİȡȣșȝȓȗİȚIJȘȞȑĮʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ
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ȝĮȞȩȝİIJȡȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌİȡȚȠȤȒȆȇȅǹĭǼȌǾȈǾ
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ȠįİȓțIJȘȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚıIJȘȞ ʌİȡȚȠȤȒ ǺȑȜIJȚıIJȠȢ țĮijȑȢDzIJıȚȠ
țĮijȑȢșĮʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıIJİȓȝİIJȘȚįĮȞȚțȒʌȓİıȘ
ȀĮijȑȢʌȠȜȪȞİȡȠȣȜȩȢ
ǹȞțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢIJȠȣțĮijȑıIJȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȠįİȓțIJȘȢIJȠȣȝĮ-
ȞȩȝİIJȡȠȣʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚıIJȘȞʌİȡȚȠȤȒʌȡȠĮijȑȥȘıȘȠʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȠȢțĮijȑȢ
ȑȖȚȞİȝİĮȞİʌĮȡțȒʌȓİıȘǹȣIJȩıȣȝȕĮȓȞİȚȩIJĮȞȘȡȠȒIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪįȚĮʌİȡ-
ȞȐİȚʌȠȜȪȖȡȒȖȠȡĮ IJȘıțȩȞȘțĮijȑȅ țĮijȑȢİȓȞĮȚȞİȡȠȣȜȩȢȐȖİȣıIJȠȢ
țĮȚȝİȜȓȖȠțĮȧȝȐțȚǹȣIJȩȠijİȓȜİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌȠȜȪȤȠȞIJȡȒȐȜİıȘȒIJȘȜȓȖȘ
ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȒıIJȘȞĮȞİʌĮȡțȒıȣȝʌȓİıȘIJȘȢ
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ȀĮijȑʌȠȜȪįȣȞĮIJȩȢ ǹȞțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢIJȠȣțĮijȑıIJȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȠįİȓțIJȘȢIJȠȣȝĮȞȩ-
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țȩțțȚȞȘʌİȡȚȠȤȒȠʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȠȢțĮijȑȢȑȖȚȞİȝİʌȠȜȪȣȥȘȜȒʌȓİıȘǹȣIJȩ
ıȣȝȕĮȓȞİȚȩIJĮȞȘȡȠȒIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪįİȞțĮIJĮijȑȡȞİȚȞĮįȚĮʌİȡȐıİȚIJȘıțȩȞȘ
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ȠijİȓȜİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌȠȜȪȜİʌIJȒȐȜİıȘȒIJȘȞȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑıIJȘȞ
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DzȞĮȢțĮȜȩȢțĮijȑȢİıʌȡȑıȠȖȓȞİIJĮȚȩIJĮȞİʌȚIJȣȖȤȐȞİIJĮȚȝȚĮȖİȪıȘıİIJȑȜİȚĮȚıȠȡȡȠʌȓĮȖȜȣțȪIJȘIJĮȢȠȟȪIJȘIJĮȢ
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ƲǂǒǐǘƿǕǐǖNjǂǗƾ
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ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȐȜİıȘȢ ȝȚĮijȠȡȐȖȚĮȞĮĮȜȑıİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȐȜİıȘȢ
įȪȠıȣȞİȤȩȝİȞİȢijȠȡȑȢȖȚĮȞĮĮȜȑıİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
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ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ ȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮijȑȒʌȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ
ȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮijȑ
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ȤʍȡİȡȥȓijȡȤĴȔȝijȢȡȤʍȢȪȜıțijįțȗțįȒȟįįʍȪȝȤijįĴȤIJțȡȝȡȗțȜȪĴįțȟȪȞıȟȡ
ƣǗǂǀǒdžǔLjǕǐǖǗǀnjǕǒǐǖ
īȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜȠȣȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒİȞȩȢȝȚțȡȠȪțȠȣIJĮȜȚȠȪ
ǹȞĮıȘțȫıIJİIJȠȤİȓȜȠȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ƭdžNJǕǐǖǒDŽǀǂǂǖǕǝǍǂǕǐǖǔǃLjǔǀǍǂǕǐǓ
ǹȣIJȒȘȝȘȤĮȞȒțĮijȑİȓȞĮȚİȟȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘȝİıȪıIJȘȝĮĮȣIJȩȝĮIJȠȣıȕȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȠȣȢȞȑȠȣȢțĮȞȠ-
ȞȚıȝȠȪȢȖȚĮIJȘȞțĮIJĮȞȐȜȦıȘİȞȑȡȖİȚĮȢȂİIJȐĮʌȩȜİʌIJȐĮįȡȐȞİȚĮȢȘȝȘȤĮȞȒșĮıȕȒıİȚīȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİ
ȑȞĮȞȐȜȜȠțĮijȑʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȞȐȥİIJİȟĮȞȐIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒʌĮIJȫȞIJĮȢIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
ǵIJĮȞȘıȣ-
ıțİȣȒȑȤİȚIJȘıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİȚIJȠȞțĮijȑIJĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞ
ĮȞȐȕȠȣȞȝȩȞȚȝĮ
ƥƾǍNJǔǍǂDžǐǘdžǀǐǖǎdžǒǐǞNjǂǕƽǕLjǘǒƿǔLj
ȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮİȜȑȖȤİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠǹȞIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȓȞİȚȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩșĮĮȚıșĮȞ-
șİȓIJİȑȞĮȞțȡĮįĮıȝȩțĮȚșĮĮțȠȣıIJİȓȑȞĮȢįȣȞĮIJȩȢșȩȡȣȕȠȢ
ȉĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞ
ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞ
ȈȕȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣīİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȝȑȤȡȚIJȘıȘȝİȚȦȝȑȞȘıIJȐșȝȘțĮȚĮȞȐȥIJİȟĮȞȐȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ǵIJĮȞȘıȣıțİȣȒȑȤİȚIJȘıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİȚIJȠȞțĮijȑIJĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞ
ĮȞȐȕȠȣȞȝȩȞȚȝĮ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȝʌȡȓțȚIJȠȣȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
96
EL
ĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪǼȚț
īȣȡȓıIJİʌȡȠȢIJĮįİȟȚȐIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘȞİȡȩ ȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ
IJȘȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮIJȝȩȢȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩ ĮȞȐȕİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮȀȐȞIJİʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝȑȤȡȚȢȩIJȠȣIJȠțȪțȜȦȝĮ
ȞĮȖİȝȓıİȚȟĮȞȐȝİȞİȡȩțĮȚIJȠȞİȡȩȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚțĮȞȠȞȚțȐĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ǼʌĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞțİȞIJȡȚțȒșȑıȘ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒșĮİʌĮȞȑȜșİȚıIJȘȞțĮȞȠȞȚțȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ
ƲƺƴƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƬƣƷƧƮƧƵƣƮƲƭƧƵƣ
īȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİȑȞĮȞțĮijȑȝİIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȠİȚįȚțȩijȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮ'ʌȠȣ
ʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮțȠȜȠȣșȫȞIJĮȢIJȘȞİȟȒȢįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
ȍșȒıIJİIJȘȞIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮȝȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠǾIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚțĮȜȐțİȞIJȡĮȡȚıȝȑȞȘıIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȉȫȡĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȕȐȜİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢȈȣıijȓȟIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚȕİȕĮȚȦ-
șİȓIJİʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚțĮȜȐĮıijĮȜȚıȝȑȞȘıIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮǼȚț
ǹijȠȪİIJȠȚȝȐıİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑȕȖȐȗȠȞIJĮȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȘIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮıijȘȞȫıİȚıIJȘȞȑįȡĮ
ıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣīȚĮȞĮIJȘȞĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİȖȪȡIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȫıIJİȞĮʌȑıİȚȘ
IJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮ
īȚĮȞĮİȓȞĮȚʌȐȞIJĮIJȑȜİȚȠȢȠțĮijȑȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȖȠȡȐȗİIJİIJĮȝʌȜȑIJİȢʌȠȣijȑȡȠȣȞIJȠıȒȝĮıȣȝȕĮIJȩIJȘIJĮȢ
(6(
ǺȟșijįȞʍȝȒijįİıȟıȔȟįțȜįȝȑijȡʍȡȚıijșȞȒȟșȓįȟșȤʍȡİȡȥȓijȡȤĴȔȝijȢȡȤİıȟıȔȟįțȜįȝȑIJȤIJĴțȗȞȒȟș
ȞʍȡȢıȔȟįIJijȑȠȡȤȟȞıȢțȜȒȣIJijįȗȪȟıȣȟıȢȡȫįʍȪijșȟȤʍȡİȡȥȓijȡȤĴȔȝijȢȡȤ
ƲƺƴƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƧƯƣƯƬƣƲƱƶƵƴƫƯƱ
īȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİȑȞĮȞIJȑȜİȚȠțĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠȩʌȦȢıIJĮȝʌĮȡĮțȠȜȠȣșȒıIJİIJȘȞİȟȒȢįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮijIJȚȐȟIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑ
ȪıIJİȡĮțIJȣʌȒıIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮȖȚĮȞĮȖȓȞİȚĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮțĮȚȤȪıIJİIJȠıIJȠȞțĮijȑ
ȇȢȡijȡȫȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțȓIJıijıijȡIJȧȝșȟȑȜțįijȞȡȫȘıIJijȡȫȟıȢȡȫȗțįijșȝıțijȡȤȢȗȔįįijȞȡȫȖıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣ
ȒȥıijıȖȗȑȝıțijșȟȤʍȡİȡȥȓĴȔȝijȢȡȤįʍȪijșȟȒİȢįijșȣ
įȟȜįijȑijșȟįȟįȞȡȟȓijȡȤįijȞȡȫʍįȢȡȤIJțįIJijȡȫȟȞțȜȢȒȣİțįĴȤȗȒȣįijȞȡȫįʍȪijșȟȤʍȡİȡȥȓijȡȤĴȔȝ-
ijȢȡȤʍȢȪȜıțijįțȗțįȒȟįįʍȪȝȤijįĴȤIJțȡȝȡȗțȜȪĴįțȟȪȞıȟȡ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȃĮʌȚȐȞİIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐĮʌȩIJȠțĮȠȣIJıȠȣ-
țȑȞȚȠIJȝȒȝĮIJȠȣ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝȑıĮıİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠǼȚț
īȣȡȓıIJİʌȡȠȢIJĮĮȡȚıIJİȡȐIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘĮIJȝȠȪ ȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩ
ȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȘȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮIJȝȩȢȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩ ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚȖȚĮȞĮįİȓȟİȚIJȘȞİțȡȠȒĮIJȝȠȪǹȡȤȚțȐșĮ
IJȡȑȟİȚȜȓȖȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪțĮȚĮȝȑıȦȢȝİIJȐȝȚĮįȣȞĮIJȒİțIJȩȟİȣıȘĮIJȝȠȪǻȚĮțȩȥIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ
İʌĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȢIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞțİȞIJȡȚțȒșȑıȘ ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠıȦ-
ȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝȑıĮıIJȠȝʌȡȓțȚIJȠȣȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢʌȠȣșȑȜİIJİȞĮțIJȣʌȒıİIJİīȣȡȓıIJİȕĮșȝȘįȩȞʌȡȠȢ
IJĮĮȡȚıIJİȡȐIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘĮIJȝȠȪ ǺȣșȓıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪ
ȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝȑıĮıIJȠȖȐȜĮıİȜȓȖȠșĮįİȓIJİȞĮĮȞİȕĮȓȞİȚʌȣțȞȩțĮȚĮijȡȫįİȢțĮȧȝȐțȚ
ǻȚĮțȩȥIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪİʌĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȢIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞțİȞIJȡȚțȒ
șȑıȘ ȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȘȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮIJȝȩȢȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩ șĮıȕȒıİȚ
ȃıijȑįʍȪȜȑȚıȥȢȓIJșȟįȜȑȟıijıʍįȢȡȥȓįijȞȡȫȗțįȝȔȗįİıȤijıȢȪȝıʍijįȬIJijıȟįįʍıȝıȤȚıȢȬȟıijįțș
ȡʍȓijȡȤįȜȢȡĴȤIJȔȡȤįʍȪijȤȥȪȟȜįijȑȝȡțʍįȗȑȝįȜijȡȣ
97
EL
ƧƲƣƯƣƸƳƩƴƫƮƱƲƱƫƩƴƩƥƫƣƬƣƷƧ
īȚĮIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒİȞȩȢțĮijȑȝİIJȐIJȘȞʌĮȡĮȖȦȖȒIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪįİȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚȞĮĮțȠȜȠȣșȒıİIJİțĮȝȓĮįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚİijȠįȚĮıȝȑȞȘȝİȑȞĮıȪıIJȘȝĮȘȜİțIJȡȠȞȚțȠȪİȜȑȖȤȠȣʌȠȣįȓȞİȚIJȘįȣȞĮIJȩIJȘIJĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ
ʌȐȞIJĮıIJȘȕȑȜIJȚıIJȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȆȚȑȗȠȞIJĮȢIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢIJȠȣțĮijȑijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȒijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮIJȠİȞ-
įİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚʌȠȣĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓıIJȠʌȚİıȝȑȞȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚȖȚĮIJȠȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȠȤȡȩȞȠ
ȝȑȤȡȚȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȢǵIJĮȞĮȞȐȥİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȘʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑȖȓȞİIJĮȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮ
ƲƺƴƯƣƬƣƯƧƵƧƲƣƳƱƸƩƨƧƴƵƱƶƯƧƳƱƶ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȝʌȡȓțȚIJȠȣȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪǼȚț
īȣȡȓıIJİʌȡȠȢIJĮįİȟȚȐIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘȞİȡȩ
ȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮIJȝȩȢȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩ ĮȞȐȕİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮȖȚĮȞĮįİȓȟİȚIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİıIJȠȪ
ȞİȡȠȪ
ȉȠȞİȡȩșĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪīȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒİʌĮȞĮijȑ-
ȡİIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞțİȞIJȡȚțȒșȑıȘ ȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȘȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
ĮIJȝȩȢȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩ ıȕȒȞİȚ
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ȅȕĮșȝȩȢȐȜİıȘȢȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑȠȕĮșȝȩȢʌȓİıȘȢIJȠȣțĮijȑıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚȘ
įȚȐȡțİȚĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȞİȡȠȪİʌȘȡİȐȗȠȣȞIJȘȖİȪıȘIJȠȣțĮijȑIJȠȞȑȞIJĮıȘȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠȒʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠįȣȞĮIJȩȢțĮȚ
ʌȩıȠțĮȧȝȐțȚșĮȑȤİȚȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮįȠțȚȝȐıİIJİȞĮĮȜȜȐȟİIJİȝȓĮȒʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡİȢĮʌȩĮȣIJȑȢIJȚȢʌĮȡĮȝȑIJȡȠȣȢ
ȖȚĮȞĮȕȡİȓIJİIJȘȞIJȑȜİȚĮȖİȪıȘȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮijȑıĮȢ
ǹȞİʌȚȜȑȟİIJİȜİʌIJȩIJİȡȠȐȜİıȝĮșȣȝȘșİȓIJİȞĮĮȣȟȒıİIJİIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȠȣĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜ-
IJȡȠȣțĮȚȞĮʌȚȑıİIJİȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠIJȠȞțĮijȑȝİIJȠʌȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐȠțĮijȑȢșĮȖȓȞİȚȞİȡȠȣȜȩȢǹȞIJȓșİIJĮĮȞ
ȠȕĮșȝȩȢȐȜİıȘȢİȓȞĮȚȤĮȝȘȜȩȢȤȠȞIJȡȩȐȜİıȝĮȝİȚȫıIJİIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȠȣĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚʌȚȑıIJİʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠIJȠȞțĮijȑȝİIJȠʌȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚ
ȅĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢțĮijȑȢȝȑıĮıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌȚȑȗİIJĮȚİȜĮijȡȐ
ĭȣȜȐȟIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑıİțȩțțȠȣȢıİȑȞĮțȜİȚıIJȩįȠȤİȓȠıİįȡȠıİȡȩțĮȚȩȤȚȣȖȡȩȝȑȡȠȢǹȞİȓȞĮȚįȣȞĮIJȩȞ
įȚĮIJȘȡȒıIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑĮİȡȠıIJİȖȫȢȃĮĮȖȠȡȐȗİIJİțĮijȑıİȝȚțȡȑȢʌȠıȩIJȘIJİȢȫıIJİȞĮȑȤİIJİʌȐȞIJĮijȡȑıțȠ
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ʌȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚ ȋȡȩȞȠȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȞİȡȠȪ
ȅțĮijȑİȓȞĮȚ
įȣȞĮIJȩȢ
ȆȚțȡȒȖİȪıȘ
ȁȓȖȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ
ȅțĮijȑȢ
İȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪ
ȜİʌIJȠĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢ
ȊʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒ
ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑ
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ȅțĮijȑȢİȓȞĮȚ
ȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȐ
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ȆİȡȚııȩIJİȡĮĮʌȩ
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ȆİȡȚııȩIJİȡĮĮʌȩ
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ȅțĮijȑȢİȓȞĮȚ
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ȅțĮijȑȢİȓȞĮȚ
ȞİȡȠȣȜȩȢ
ȅțĮijȑȢİȓȞĮȚ
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ĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢ
ȁȓȖȘıțȩȞȘțĮijȑ
ıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
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ȅțĮijȑȢİȓȞĮȚ
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ʌȚİıȝȑȞȠȢȝȑıĮıIJȠ
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ȁȚȖȩIJİȡĮĮʌȩ
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ȀĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȘȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢIJȠȣțĮijȑȠįİȓțIJȘȢIJȠȣȝĮȞȩȝİIJȡȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚıIJȘȞʌİȡȚȠȤȒȕȑȜ-
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ȝİIJȐĮʌȩįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮ
ǾʌĮȡȠȤȒİȓȞĮȚĮȡȖȒțĮȚțĮȜȐ
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ȉȠțĮȧȝȐțȚİȓȞĮȚțĮijȑȤȡȣıĮijȓ
ȝİʌȜȠȪıȚȠĮijȡȩ
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țĮijȑ
ȅțĮijȑȢİțȡȑİȚıIJĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ȝİIJȐĮʌȩįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮ
ǾʌĮȡȠȤȒİȓȞĮȚȖȡȒȖȠȡȘțĮȚ
ȞİȡȠȣȜȒ
ȉȠțĮȧȝȐțȚİȓȞĮȚʌȚȠȜİʌIJȩȝİ
ȜȓȖȠĮijȡȩ
ȅțĮijȑȢȑȤİȚȤȡȫȝĮĮȞȠȚțIJȩ
țĮijȑʌȚțȡȒȖİȪıȘțĮȚİȓȞĮȚ
İȜĮijȡȪȢ
ȅțĮijȑȢİțȡȑİȚıIJĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ȝİIJȐĮʌȩįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮ
ǾʌĮȡȠȤȒİȓȞĮȚĮȡȖȒțĮȚĮIJİȜȒȢ
ȉȠțĮȧȝȐțȚİȓȞĮȚʌȚȠıțȠȪȡȠȒ
įİȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚ
ȅțĮijȑȢȑȤİȚȤȡȫȝĮıțȠȪȡȠ
țĮijȑʌȚțȡȒȖİȪıȘțĮȚȖİȪıȘ
țĮȝȝȑȞȠȣ
ȂİIJȐIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣțĮijȑʌȡȠ-
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IJȘȞ ȣʌȠįȠȤȒ ijȓȜIJȡȠȣ ȤȦȡȓȢ ȞĮ
İȓȞĮȚ IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȘ Ș ȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣȑIJıȚȫıIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİ
IJȠțȪțȜȦȝĮIJȠȣțĮijȑțĮȚȞĮĮʌȠ-
ijȪȖİIJİIJȚȢİʌȚțĮșȒıİȚȢ
ȇȣșȝȓıIJİ ȝȚĮ ʌȚȠ ȜİʌIJȒ ȐȜİıȘ
ǹȣȟȒıIJİ IJȘȞ ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ țĮijȑ ıİ
ıțȩȞȘ ʌȠȣ ʌĮȡȑȤİIJĮȚ Įʌȩ IJȠ
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ȂİȚȫıIJİ IJȘȞ ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ țĮijȑ ıİ
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ȡȠIJȠȞțĮijȑȝİIJȠʌȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚ
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ȈIJȘȞʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣȝʌȜȠțȐȡİȚȠȝȪȜȠȢȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȠijİȓȜİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȣıȓĮĮțĮșĮȡıȚȫȞ
ĮȞȐȝİıĮıIJȠȣȢțȩțțȠȣȢIJȠȣțĮijȑʌȠȣȝʌȜȠțȐȡȚıĮȞIJȠȝȪȜȠȐȜİıȘȢ
īȚĮȞĮȟİȝʌȜȠțȐȡİIJİIJȠȝȪȜȠȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑıȕȒıIJİIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒ
ǹįİȚȐıIJİIJĮțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȘȡȠįȑȜĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȠȣȕĮșȝȠȪȐȜİıȘȢʌȡȠȢIJĮĮȡȚıIJİȡȐ ȖȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȠȕĮșȝȩʌȚȠ
ȤȠȞIJȡȒȢȐȜİıȘȢǼȚț
ȅȚĮțĮșĮȡıȓİȢʌȠȣȝʌȜȠțȐȡȚıĮȞIJȠȝȪȜȠșĮʌȑıȠȣȞıIJȠȞĮȖȦȖȩIJȠȣțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘ
ǹȞȐȥIJİIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒ
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ȆȚȑıIJİȝȚĮijȠȡȐIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȐȜİıȘȢIJȠȣțĮijȑ
ǹijȒıIJİIJȠȞĮȜİıȝȑȞȠțĮijȑȞĮʌȑıİȚȝȑıĮıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȆİIJȐȟIJİIJȠȞĮȜİıȝȑȞȠțĮijȑȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİIJİIJȚȢ
ĮțĮșĮȡıȓİȢʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚ
ǹʌȠțĮIJĮıIJȒıIJİIJȠıȦıIJȩȕĮșȝȩȐȜİıȘȢ
ȆȡȠȤȦȡȒıIJİıIJȘȞʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮIJȠȣțĮijȑ
ǹȞȠȝȪȜȠȢȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑįİȞȟİțȚȞȐİȚțĮȚİȓȞĮȚĮțȩȝĮȝʌȜȠțĮȡȚıȝȑȞȠȢʌȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
ȖȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
īȣȡȓıIJİİʌĮȞİȚȜȘȝȝȑȞĮʌȡȠȢIJĮįİȟȚȐțĮȚʌȡȠȢIJĮĮȡȚıIJİȡȐIJȘȡȠįȑȜĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢ3ǼȚțȄĮȞĮįȠțȚȝȐ-
ıIJİȞĮșȑıİIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȠȝȪȜȠȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑ
ǹȞįİȞțĮIJĮijȑȡİIJİȞĮĮʌȠțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİIJȘȞĮȞȦȝĮȜȓĮȝİIJȐĮʌȩįȚȐijȠȡİȢʌȡȠıʌȐșİȚİȢĮʌİȣșȣȞșİȓIJİıIJȠ
țȠȞIJȚȞȩIJİȡȠǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȉĮțIJȚțȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘțĮȚțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢIJȘȞįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞıİȐȡȚıIJȘțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȖȚĮȝİȖȐȜȠ
ȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮȂȘȞʌȜȑȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞȂȘȤȡȘıȚ-
ȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌİȣșİȓĮȢİțIJȩȟİȣıȘȞİȡȠȪ
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ȤȦȡȓȢțĮijȑȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮȜȣșȠȪȞȒȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȣȞșȠȪȞIJĮIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮțĮijȑȒȐȜȜȦȞĮțĮșĮȡıȚȫȞ
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ʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐIJĮijȓȜIJȡĮțȐșİȝȒȞİȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢIJĮȝʌȜȑIJİȢȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚ-
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ǺȐȜIJİıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȝȚĮIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪIJȦȞijȓȜIJȡȦȞȤȦȡȓȢțĮijȑ
ȈIJİȡİȫıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢ
ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ ȖȚĮȞĮȟİțȚȞȒıİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒ
ǹijȒıIJİIJȘȞIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮȞĮįȡȐıİȚȖȚĮIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȜİʌIJȐ
ȆȚȑıIJİȟĮȞȐIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠțĮijȑȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒ
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪǹijȒıIJİȞĮʌİȡȐıİȚȑȞĮȜİʌIJȩǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
ȖȚĮțȪțȜȠȣȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
țĮȚȟİʌȜȪȞIJİțĮȜȐȩȜĮIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮıİIJȡİȤȠȪȝİȞȠȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢ
ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
ȖȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮʌȠıȣȞįȑıIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩ
IJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮțĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮİıȦIJİȡȚțȐȝȑȡȘȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩıijȠȣȖȖȐȡȚȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİIJİIJĮțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮ
ĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪǼȚț
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȚȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢȖȚĮȩȜĮIJĮijȓȜIJȡĮ
ǹȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțĮșȘȝİȡȚȞȐIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒțĮijȑıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮțȐȞİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮțĮșĮȡȚ-
ıȝȠȪIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞțȐșİIJȡİȚȢȝȒȞİȢ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǚǎdžǏǂǒǕLjǍƽǕǚǎ
ȆȜȪȞIJİIJȠȝʌȡȓțȚIJȠȣȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚIJĮIJȡȓĮijȓȜIJȡĮȝİȞİȡȩțĮȚıĮʌȠȪȞȚȄİʌȜȪȞIJİțĮȚ
ıțȠȣʌȓıIJİțĮȜȐȩȜĮIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓƾDžǒǂǓǖǑǐDžǐǘƿǓǗǀnjǕǒǐǖ
ȂİIJȘȤȡȒıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮıȣııȦȡİȣIJȠȪȞțĮIJĮțȐșȚĮțĮijȑıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠʌȠșȑIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
IJĮȠʌȠȓĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİȝİȝȚĮȠįȠȞIJȠȖȜȣijȓįĮǼȚțȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚȒĮijȒȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȠȞİȡȩ
100
EL
ȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞʌȜȑȞİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǐǖǔǚnjƿǎǂǂǕǍǐǞLJdžǔǕǐǞǎdžǒǐǞ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǼțIJİȜȑıIJİIJȘȞİȡȖĮıȓĮȩIJĮȞIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪİȓȞĮȚțȡȪȠȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȠİȞ-
įİȤȩȝİȞȠİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ
ȄİȕȚįȫıIJİIJȠĮțȡȠijȪıȚȠĮIJȝȠȪĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚǼȚțțĮȚʌȜȪȞIJİIJȠȝİIJȡİȤȠȪȝİȞȠȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢȉȠ
ıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJĮȚȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓȄĮȞĮȕȚįȫıIJİIJȠĮțȡȠijȪıȚȠĮIJȝȠȪ
ȝȑȤȡȚIJȠIJȑȜȠȢIJȘȢįȚĮįȡȠȝȒȢǹȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİIJȘȕİȜȩȞĮʌȠȣʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȘȞ
ȠʌȒİțȡȠȒȢIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪǼȚțȂİIJȐĮʌȩțȐșİȤȡȒıȘĮijȒıIJİȞĮȕȖİȚĮIJȝȩȢȖȚĮȜȓȖĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮȫıIJİȞĮ
țĮșĮȡȓıİȚȘȠʌȒĮʌȩIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǐǖDžǐǘdžǀǐǖ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǾİȡȖĮıȓĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȖȓȞİȚȝİıȕȘıIJȒıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚĮijȠȪȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİʌİȡȚȠįȚțȐIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖȐȡȚȒȑȞĮȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǔǘƽǒǂǓNjǂNJnjdžNjǂǎƽNjNJǔǖnjnjǐDŽƿǓǔǕǂDŽǝǎǚǎ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǾİȡȖĮıȓĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȖȓȞİȚȝİıȕȘıIJȒıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚĮijȠȪȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȊʌİȞșȣȝȓȗȠȣȝİʌȦȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮįİȚȐȗİIJİțĮIJȐțĮȚȡȠȪȢIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ
ȉȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞİȓȞĮȚİȟȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȠȝİȑȞĮijȜȠIJȑȡ1ǵIJĮȞIJȠijȜȠIJȑȡʌȡȠİȟȑȤİȚĮʌȩIJȘ
ıȤȐȡĮȖȚĮIJĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮıȘȝĮȓȞİȚʌȦȢȖȑȝȚıİȝİȞİȡȩIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞțĮȚʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȠ
ĮįİȚȐıİIJİ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘıȤȐȡĮIJȠʌȠșȑIJȘıȘȢijȜȚIJȗĮȞȚȠȪ2
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮʌȩIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ0ĮįİȚȐıIJİIJȠțĮȚʌȜȪȞIJİIJȠıİIJȡİȤȠȪȝİȞȠ
ȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢ
ȆȜȪȞIJİțĮȚIJȘıȤȐȡĮȖȚĮIJĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǔǟǍǂǕǐǓǍLjǘǂǎƿǓ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȩIJĮȞIJĮșİȡȝĮȚȞȩȝİȞĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȑȤȠȣȞIJȘȞ
șİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞIJȠȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮıIJĮșİȡȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮĮʌĮȜȩȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓȖȚĮȞĮȝȘȞțȐȞİIJİ
ȗȘȝȚȐ
ƣƷƣƫƳƧƴƩƣƭƣƵƺƯ
ǾIJĮțIJȚțȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘțĮȚțĮșĮȡȚȩIJȘIJĮįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒıİțĮȜȒțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȖȚĮȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩ
įȚȐıIJȘȝĮȝİȚȫȞȠȞIJĮȢıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȐIJȠȞțȓȞįȣȞȠıȤȘȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪĮȜȐIJȦȞıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǹȞʌĮȡȩȜĮĮȣIJȐȝİIJȐ
ĮʌȩțȐʌȠȚȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐıİȚĮȞȦȝĮȜȓİȢİȟĮȚIJȓĮȢIJȘȢıȣȤȞȒȢ
ȤȡȒıȘȢıțȜȘȡȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝİȣȥȘȜȒʌİȡȚİțIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮĮȜȐIJȦȞȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮİțIJİȜȑıİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢ
ĮȜȐIJȦȞȖȚĮȞĮİȟĮȜİȓȥİIJİIJȚȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȚțȑȢĮȞȦȝĮȜȓİȢȉȠʌȡȠȧȩȞĮȣIJȩʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚıIJĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȉİȤȞȚțȒȢ
ǼȟȣʌȘȡȑIJȘıȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȖȚĮIJȠıțȠʌȩĮȣIJȩȑȞĮʌȡȠȧȩȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚțȚIJȡȚțȩȠȟȪ
101
EL
ȆȜįijįIJȜıȤįIJijțȜȪȣȡȔȜȡȣİıȟįȟįȝįȞȖȑȟıțȜįȞȔįıȤȚȫȟșȗțįȖȝȑȖıȣIJijįıIJȧijıȢțȜȑıȠįȢijȓȞįijįijșȣ
IJȤIJȜıȤȓȣʍȡȤʍȢȡȜȝȓȚșȜįȟIJijįıȠįȢijȓȞįijįįʍȪijșȥȢȓIJșįIJȫȞȖįijȧȟʍȢȡȨȪȟijȧȟʍȡȤʍıȢțȒȥȡȤȟ
ȥșȞțȜȑʍȢȪIJȚıijį
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȓȤȞİȚʌȦȢĮʌĮȚIJİȓIJĮȚȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢIJȦȞĮȜȐIJȦȞȩIJĮȞĮȞȐȕİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ
ĮʌĮȓIJȘıȘȢĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞ ǹțȠȜȠȣșȒıIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ ȖȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮʌȠıțȜȒȡȣȞıȘȢȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘʌȠȣıȘȝİȚȫȞİIJĮȚȝİ0$;
ǺȐȜIJİȝȑıĮIJȠʌȡȠȧȩȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣȑȞĮĮȡțİIJȐȝİȖȐȜȠįȠȤİȓȠʌȠȣȞĮ
ȤȦȡȐİȚIJȠȞİȡȩIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝȑıĮıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȆȚȑıIJİIJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮȚIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮȚIJİȜİȣIJĮȓȠIJȠ
ʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢȖȚĮʌİȡȓʌȠȣįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮȉȠʌȡȩȖȡĮȝȝĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞȟİțȚȞȐİȚțĮȚIJȠįȚȐ-
ȜȣȝĮʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚĮʌȩ
IJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȉĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞțĮijȑȢijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮȚijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȘȢijȐıȘȢĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞ
ȅȚİʌȚțĮșȒıİȚȢĮȜȐIJȦȞșĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȣȞșȠȪȞĮʌȩIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩțȪțȜȦȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȂİIJȐĮʌȩȝİȡȚțȑȢʌȜȪıİȚȢțĮȚʌĮȪıİȚȢȠțȪțȜȠȢĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞȠȜȠțȜȘȡȫȞİIJĮȚȉĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮ
ʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞțĮijȑȢijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮȚijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮıȕȒȞȠȣȞ
ǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȠįȚȐȜȣȝĮʌȠȣʌİȡȓııİȥİıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȄİʌȜȪȞIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİȞȦʌȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢ
ȆȚȑıIJİIJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮȚIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮȖȚĮʌİȡȓʌȠȣįİȣIJİ-
ȡȩȜİʌIJĮȄİțȚȞȐİȚȘijȐıȘȟİȕȖȐȜȝĮIJȠȢțĮȚIJȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮ
ıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȉĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞ
ʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞțĮijȑijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮȚijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȘȢijȐıȘȢȟİȕȖȐȜȝĮIJȠȢ
ȂİIJȐĮʌȩȝȚĮıİȚȡȐʌȜȪıİȦȞțĮȚʌĮȪıİȦȞȠțȪțȜȠȢȟİȕȖȐȜȝĮIJȠȢȠȜȠțȜȘȡȫȞİIJĮȚȘıȣıțİȣȒıȕȒȞİȚ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİȞȦʌȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ ȖȚĮȞĮĮȞȐȥİIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ȉȠ İȞįİȚțIJȚțȩ ȜĮȝʌȐțȚ ĮʌĮȓIJȘıȘȢ
ĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞ İȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȩ
ǺȟijȡıȟİıțȜijțȜȪȝįȞʍȑȜțįʍįȔijșIJșȣįĴįȔȢıIJșȣįȝȑijȧȟIJȤȟıȥȔȘıțȟįįȟįȖȡIJȖȓȟıțıʍįȟįȝȑȖıijıijȡȟ
ȜȫȜȝȡįĴįȔȢıIJșȣįȝȑijȧȟ
ƣƸƳƩƴƵƧƶƴƩƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣıIJĮȝĮIJȒıİIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮĮįİȚȐıIJİIJȠ
įȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪțĮȚIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞțĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȕȜȑʌİʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ³ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢ
IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ´
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘįȚȐȜȣıȘȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȟİȤȦȡȓıİIJİIJĮįȚȐijȠȡĮȣȜȚțȐIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢțĮȚȞĮIJĮįȚĮșȑıİIJİıȪȝijȦȞĮ
ȝİIJȚȢțİȓȝİȞİȢįȚĮIJȐȟİȚȢIJȘȢȤȫȡĮȢıĮȢ
102
EL
ƱƦƩƥƱƴƥƫƣƵƩƯƣƲƱƬƣƵƣƴƵƣƴƩƭƧƫƵƱƶƳƥƫƬƺƯƣƯƺƮƣƭƫƺƯ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȚțȫȞĮȞȦȝĮȜȚȫȞıȕȒıIJİĮȝȑıȦȢIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒțĮȚȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȆȇȅǺȁǾȂǹȉǹ ǹǿȉǿǼȈ ǻǿȅȇĬȍȉǿȀǼȈǼȆǼȂǺǹȈǼǿȈ
ǾȝȘȤĮȞȒįİȞʌĮȡȑȤİȚ
ȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩ
ȆȚșĮȞȒİȓıȠįȠȢĮȑȡĮıIJȠțȪțȜȦȝĮȝİ
İʌĮțȩȜȠȣșȠȝʌȜȠțȐȡȚıȝĮIJȘȢĮȞIJȜȓĮȢ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJȠįȠȤİȓȠİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠțĮȚʌȦȢȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪįİȞ
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠıȤİIJȚțȩĮȞȐȖȜȣijȠıȘȝȐįȚ
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȚȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢʌȠȣʌİȡȚȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚ
ıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ³ȆȡȠțĮIJĮȡțIJȚțȑȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢȖȚĮ
IJȘȤȡȒıȘ
ǼȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȘȠʌȒİțȡȠȒȢIJȠȣ
ĮțȡȠijȣıȓȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİȝİIJȘȕİȜȩȞĮʌȠȣʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚȝİ
IJȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȚȢIJȣȤȩȞİʌȚțĮșȒıİȚȢıIJȘȞȠʌȒIJȠȣ
ĮțȡȠijȣıȓȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ
ǾȝȘȤĮȞȒįİȞȕȖȐȗİȚ
ĮIJȝȩ
ȉȠȞİȡȩİȓȞĮȚȜȓȖȠțĮȚȘĮȞIJȜȓĮįİȞ
IJȡĮȕȐİȚ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
İȓȞĮȚțĮȞȠȞȚțȒįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐȖİȝȓıIJİIJȠȝİȞȦʌȩ
ijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩ
ĭȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒİȟȩįȠȣĮIJȝȠȪıIJȘȞ
țȐȞȠȣȜĮ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİȝİIJȘȕİȜȩȞĮʌȠȣʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚȝİ
IJȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȚȢIJȣȤȩȞİʌȚțĮșȒıİȚȢıIJȘȞȠʌȒIJȘȢ
țȐȞȠȣȜĮȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ǼțȡȠȒĮIJȝȠȪĮʌȩIJĮ
ȐțȡĮIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȆȡȠıʌĮșİȓIJİȞĮțȐȞİIJİʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑİȞȫ
İȓȞĮȚİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȘȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮĮIJȝȠȪ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪİȓȞĮȚıIJȘȞțİȞIJȡȚțȒ
șȑıȘ
ǻȚĮțȩȥIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣțĮijȑīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞțİȞIJȡȚțȒșȑıȘ
ȖȚĮȞĮĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮĮIJȝȠȪ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪijIJȚȐȟİIJİȑȞĮȞȐȜȜȠțĮijȑʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮ
ĮȞȐȥȠȣȞȝȩȞȚȝĮIJĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞ
ʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞ
ǼțȡȠȒțĮijȑĮʌȩIJĮ
ȐțȡĮIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȆȚșĮȞȩȞȞĮȣʌȐȡȤİȚȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒ
ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑʌȠȣİȝʌȠįȓȗİȚIJȘıȦıIJȒ
ıȪıijȚȟȘIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘșȑıȘ
IJȘȢ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘ
İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮ
ʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȑįȡĮ
ıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚǼȚțȂİȚȫıIJİ
IJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑțĮȚİʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİ
IJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮǻȚĮȕȐıIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ
³ȇȪșȝȚıȘIJȘȢʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȢĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑȖȚĮ
ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȒijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ´
ȀĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑıIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮ
IJȘȢȑįȡĮȢİijĮȡȝȠȖȒȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚ
ǼȚț
ȉȠijȓȜIJȡȠʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚIJȠȞțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘ
ȑȤİȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒİțȡȠȒȢ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘ
İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮ
ʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȠʌȒ
IJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȝİȑȞĮȕȠȣȡIJıȐțȚȒȝİIJȘȕİȜȩȞĮ
ʌȠȣʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİ
IJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ
³ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȦȞijȓȜIJȡȦȞʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮijȑ
ıİıțȩȞȘ´
ȅțĮijȑȢİȓȞĮȚ
ʌȠȜȪțȡȪȠȢȒʌȠȜȪ
³ȞİȡȠȣȜȩȢ´
ǾıțȩȞȘțĮijȑİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪȤȠȞIJȡȐĮȜİıȝȑȞȘ
īȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİʌȣțȞȩIJİȡȠțĮȚʌȚȠȗİıIJȩțĮijȑ
ʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȑȞĮʌȚȠȥȚȜȠțȠȝȝȑȞȠ
ȤĮȡȝȐȞȚ
ǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȑȞĮȕĮșȝȩʌȚȠ
ȜİʌIJȒȢȐȜİıȘȢ
ǹȞijIJȚȐȤȞİIJİIJȠȞʌȡȫIJȠțĮijȑȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮ
İȓȞĮȚțȡȪȠIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİȞĮȗİıIJȐȞİIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠʌȡȠIJȠȪijIJȚȐȟİIJİ
IJȠȞțĮijȑȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ
³ȆȫȢȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİȑȞĮȞțĮijȑ´
103
EL
ȆȇȅǺȁǾȂǹȉǹ ǹǿȉǿǼȈ ǻǿȅȇĬȍȉǿȀǼȈǼȆǼȂǺǹȈǼǿȈ
ȅȝȪȜȠȢȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑ
ȝʌȜȠțĮȡȚıȝȑȞȠȢȒ
ʌȠȜȪșȠȡȣȕȫįȘȢ
ȆȚșĮȞȒʌĮȡȠȣıȓĮĮțĮșĮȡıȚȫȞĮȞȐȝİıĮ
ıIJȠȣȢțȩțțȠȣȢIJȠȣțĮijȑ ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȐȜİıȘȢ ȖȚĮȞĮ
įȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞȐȜİıȘǻȚĮȕȐıIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ
³ǹʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘIJȠȣȝȪȜȠȣȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑ´
ǵIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȘ
ȘȝȘȤĮȞȒIJȠ
İȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ
IJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣ
ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚ
ȖȡȒȖȠȡĮ
ȉȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
įİȞİȓȞĮȚıIJȘȞțİȞIJȡȚțȒșȑıȘ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ıIJȘȞțİȞIJȡȚțȒșȑıȘ ǾıȣıțİȣȒșĮ
İʌĮȞȑȜșİȚıIJȘȞțĮȞȠȞȚțȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ
ȊʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ
ʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȠȣțĮijȑ
ǼȓȞĮȚȜȐșȠȢȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȘȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȠȣ
ʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȠȣțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȒ
ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ȂİȚȫıIJİIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȠȣʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȠȣ
țĮijȑǻȚĮȕȐıIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ³ȇȪșȝȚıȘIJȘȢ
ʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȘȢʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȢȞİȡȠȪȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȒ
ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ´
ȊʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒ
ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣ
țĮijȑȝȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ǼȓȞĮȚȜȐșȠȢȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȘȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ
ĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȒ
ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ȂİȚȫıIJİIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑǻȚĮȕȐıIJİ
IJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ³ȇȪșȝȚıȘIJȘȢʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȢ
ĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȒijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ´
ǾıȣıțİȣȒțȐȞİȚ
șȩȡȣȕȠțĮIJȐIJȘ
įȚȐȡțİȚĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢIJȠȣ
ĮIJȝȠȪ
ȅșȩȡȣȕȠȢʌȡȠțĮȜİȓIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȘȞĮȞIJȜȓĮ
IJȠȣȞİȡȠȪʌȠȣįȠȣȜİȪİȚȝİȣȥȘȜȩIJİȡİ
ʌȚȑıİȚȢțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢIJȠȣ
ĮIJȝȠȪ
ȂȘȞțȐȞİIJİțĮȝȓĮİȞȑȡȖİȚĮȈȦıIJȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒțȐȞİȚȑȞĮȞ
ʌİȡȓİȡȖȠșȩȡȣȕȠ
țĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢIJȠȣțĮijȑ
ȉȠȞİȡȩİȓȞĮȚȜȓȖȠțĮȚȘĮȞIJȜȓĮįİȞ
IJȡĮȕȐİȚ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚțĮȞȠȞȚțȒȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣ
ȞİȡȠȪıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠǹȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚȖİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȝİijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘ
ıIJȐșȝȘʌȠȣıȘȝİȚȫȞİIJĮȚȝİ0$;
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞ
ʌĮȡȑȤİȚȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩ
țĮȚĮIJȝȩ
ǼȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȘȠʌȒIJȠȣĮțȡȠijȣıȓȠȣ
ĮIJȝȠȪ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİȝİIJȘȕİȜȩȞĮʌȠȣʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚȝİ
IJȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȚȢIJȣȤȩȞİʌȚțĮșȒıİȚȢıIJȘȞȠʌȒIJȘȢ
țȐȞȠȣȜĮȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢǼȚț
ȉȠȖȐȜĮįİȞ
țIJȣʌȒșȘțİĮȡțİIJȐ
ǻİȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚĮȡțİIJȩȢĮIJȝȩȢ ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİȝİIJȘȕİȜȩȞĮʌȠȣʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚȝİ
IJȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȚȢIJȣȤȩȞİʌȚțĮșȒıİȚȢıIJȘȞȠʌȒIJȘȢ
țȐȞȠȣȜĮȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢǼȚț
ǾȝȘȤĮȞȒıIJĮȝĮIJȐİȚ
ȞĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓ
ǼȖȚȞİİʌȑȝȕĮıȘIJȘȢİıȦIJİȡȚțȒȢ
ʌȡȠıIJĮıȓĮȢIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțȚȞȘIJȒȡĮIJȠȣ
ȝȪȜȠȣȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑ
ȈȕȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚĮijȒıIJİIJȘȞȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚ
ȖȚĮʌİȡȓʌȠȣȜİʌIJȐ
ȅȝȪȜȠȢȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑ
İȓȞĮȚȝʌȜȠțĮȡȚıȝȑȞȠȢ
ȒțȐȞİȚʌȚȠįȣȞĮIJȩ
șȩȡȣȕȠ
ȆĮȡȠȣıȓĮĮțĮșĮȡıȚȫȞĮȞȐȝİıĮıIJȠȣȢ
țȩțțȠȣȢțĮijȑʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞȝʌȜȠțȐȡİȚIJȠ
ȝȪȜȠȐȜİıȘȢ
ȄİȝʌȜȠțȐȡİIJİIJȠȝȪȜȠȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑȩʌȦȢ
ʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ³ȇȪșȝȚıȘIJȠȣ
ȕĮșȝȠȪȐȜİıȘȢ´
104
EL
ȆȇȅǺȁǾȂǹȉǹ ǹǿȉǿǼȈ ǻǿȅȇĬȍȉǿȀǼȈǼȆǼȂǺǹȈǼǿȈ
ǻİȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚʌĮȡȠȤȒ
țĮijȑȒȖȓȞİIJĮȚʌȠȜȪ
ĮȡȖȐ
ĭȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢȠʌȑȢıIJȘȞȑįȡĮıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢ
IJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢ
ĬȑıIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒȤȦȡȓȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣĮijȒȞȠȞIJĮȢȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚIJȠȞİȡȩǹȞIJȠȞİȡȩ
ıȣȞİȤȓȗİȚȞĮȝȘȞİțȡȑİȚȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮĮʌȩȩȜİȢIJȚȢ
ȠʌȑȢİțIJİȜȑıIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞ
ȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ³ǹijĮȓȡİıȘȢ
ĮȜȐIJȦȞ´
ȉȠijȓȜIJȡȠʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚIJȠȞțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘ
ȑȤİȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒİțȡȠȒȢ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘ
İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮ
ʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȠʌȒ
IJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȝİȑȞĮȕȠȣȡIJıȐțȚȒȝİIJȘȕİȜȩȞĮ
ʌȠȣʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİ
IJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ
³ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȦȞijȓȜIJȡȦȞʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮijȑ
ıİıțȩȞȘ´
ȅțĮijȑȢİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪȥȚȜȐĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢ
ǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȕĮșȝȩʌȚȠ
ȤȠȞIJȡȒȢȐȜİıȘȢ
ǾıțȩȞȘIJȠȣțĮijȑİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪʌȚİıȝȑȞȘ ȆȚȑıIJİȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠIJȠȞțĮijȑȝİIJȠʌȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚ
ǾʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪʌȠȣʌĮȡȑȤİIJĮȚİȓȞĮȚ
ĮȞİʌĮȡțȒȢ
ǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİȞĮĮȣȟȒıİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ
ȞİȡȠȪǻȚĮȕȐıIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ³ȇȪșȝȚıȘIJȘȢ
ʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȘȢʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȢȞİȡȠȪȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȒ
ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ´
ȉȠįȠȤİȓȠįİȞİȓȞĮȚțĮȜȐIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠ ȍșȒıIJİIJȠIJȑȡȝĮıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣ
ȉȠȞİȡȩİȓȞĮȚȜȓȖȠțĮȚȘĮȞIJȜȓĮįİȞ
IJȡĮȕȐİȚ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚțĮȞȠȞȚțȒȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣ
ȞİȡȠȪıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠǹȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚȖİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȝİijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘ
ıIJȐșȝȘʌȠȣıȘȝİȚȫȞİIJĮȚȝİ0$;
ȉȠįȠȤİȓȠİȓȞĮȚȐįİȚȠ īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİijȣıȚțȩįȡȠıİȡȩȞİȡȩ
ȕȡȪıȘȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘıȘȝȐįȚ0$;
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PROBLEMY 35=<&=<1< ĝ52'.,=$5$'&=(
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