Ariete 1318 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for 1318 by Ariete which is a product in the Coffee Makers category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
COD. 4085100700 REV. 0 del 05/07/2019
827070
De’ Longhi Appliances Srl
Divisione Commerciale Ariete
Via San Quirico, 300
50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI)
E-Mail: info@ariete.net
Internet: www.ariete.net
800-809065
Macchina da caffè
Coffee maker
Machine à cafè
Kaffeemaschine
Máquina de café
Espressomachine
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Ʉɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɚɷɫɩɪɟɫɫɨ
Ʉɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɚ
Ekspres do kawy
Kaffemaskine
1318
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Warning of burns
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with care: Burns hazard!
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DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTS
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
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coffee distribution button
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HOW TO MAKE COFFEE
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19
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HOW TO MAKE A CAPPUCCINO
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MAKING FURTHER CUPS OF COFFEE
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USEFUL TIPS FOR OBTAINING A GOOD ITALIAN ESPRESSO
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46
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A PROPÓSITO DE ESTE MANUAL
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Las informaciones contenidas en este manual están marcadas por los siguientes símbolos que indican:
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Peligro debido a electricidad $WHQFLyQ±GDxRVPDWHULDOHV
3HOLJURGHGDxRVGHELGRVDRWUDVFDXVDV
USO PREVISTO
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(VWHDSDUDWRQRHVWiGHVWLQDGRDXQXVRFRPHUFLDOHLQGXVWULDO
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SRUGDxRVGHWRGRWLSRFDXVDGRVSRUXQXVRLPSURSLRGHODSDUDWRRWURXVRGHODSDUDWRQRHVWiSUHYLVWRSRUHO
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RIESGOS RESTANTES
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¡Atención!
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ADVERTENCIAS IMPORTANTES PARA LA SEGURIDAD
LEA ATENTAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES.
(ODSDUDWRKDVLGRGLVHxDGRSDUDVHUXWLOL]DGRHQDPELHQWHVGRPpVWLFRVRVLPL-
lares a los domésticos, como por ejemplo:
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otros ambientes profesionales
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47
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Peligro para los niños
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TXHWLHQHQFDSDFLGDGHVItVLFDVVHQVRULDOHVRPHQWDOHVUHGXFLGDVRIDOWDGHH[-
SHULHQFLDRFRQRFLPLHQWRVyORVLHVWiQDFRPSDxDGRVSRUXQDSHUVRQDUHVSRQ-
sable o si han recibido y entendido las instrucciones y los peligros que el uso del
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SRUORVQLxRVVLQODVXSHUYLVLyQGHXQDSHUVRQDDGXOWD
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SRGUtDQRULJLQDUSHOLJURV
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GDFRUWDUHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ6HUHFRPLHQGDDGHPiVHOLPLQDUODVSDUWHVGHO
DSDUDWRTXHSXHGDQRULJLQDUSHOLJURHVSHFLDOPHQWHSDUDORVQLxRVTXHSRGUtDQ
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VHJXURSHOLJURGHLQJHVWLyQ\GHKHULGDV
Peligro debido a electricidad
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Antes de conectar el aparato a la red de alimentación compruebe que la tensión in-
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Peligro de daños debidos a otras causas
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48
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Advertencia relativa a quemaduras
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/DVSDUWHPHWiOLFDVH[WHUQDVGHODSDUDWR\GHOSRUWD¿OWURQRVHGHEHQWRFDUPLHQ-
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VDFDUOHQWDPHQWHHOSRUWD¿OWURSRUTXHODHYHQWXDOSUHVLyQUHVLGXDOSRGUtDSURGX-
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Atención – daños materiales
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partes calientes se hayan enfriado, el aparato se podrá limpiar únicamente con un
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49
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DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS COMPONENTES
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J - Rejilla apoyatazas
K - Bandeja recolectora de gotas
L - Molinillo de café
M - Contenedor del café en granos
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O - Palanca de desbloqueo del contenedor del café
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En la etiqueta colocada debajo de la base de apoyo de la máquina se indican los siguientes datos de identi-
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INSTRUCCIONES DE USO
Puesta en función
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Primer encendido
Controle que la tensión de la red doméstica sea igual que la indicada en la tarjeta con los datos técnicos del
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50
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Presionar el botón de encendido
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el indicador luminoso del botón de erogación del café
se enciende de forma continua, lo que indica que la
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Se recomienda repetir esta operación cada vez que se vuelve a poner en marcha la máquina después
de varios días de inactividad.
CÓMO HACER EL CAFÉ
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Si introduce pocos granos de café cada vez podrá disfrutar de un café con la mezcla siempre fresca.
Nunca ponga café molido en el contenedor de café en granos (M).
Ajuste del grado de molido
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Erogación del café
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Presionar el botón de encendido
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botón de erogación del café
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51
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Cuando el indicador luminoso de erogación del café
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Pulse el botón de erogación del café SDUDLQLFLDUODHURJDFLyQGHOFDIp)LJ
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Función de auto apagado
Esta máquina para hacer el café esta equipada con un sistema de apagado automático conforme a las nue-
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GHPLQXWRVVHDFWLYDODIXQFLyQGHDSDJDGRDXWRPiWLFR3DUDKDFHURWURFDIpVHGHEHUiHQFHQGHUGHQXH-
YRODPiTXLQDSXOVDQGRHOERWyQGHHQFHQGLGR 3DUDHURJDUHOFDIpHVSHUHDTXHHOLQGLFDGRUOXPLQRVR
del botón de erogación del café VHHQFLHQGD¿MR
Llenado del deposito de agua durante el uso
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CÓMO HACER UN CAPUCHINO
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Para hacer un capuchino, un chocolate caliente, o simplemente para calentar cualquier otra bebida, presione
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52
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¡Atención!
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'HVSXpVGHFDGDXVRHURJXHHOYDSRUGXUDQWHXQRVVHJXQGRVSDUDOLEHUDUHORULÀFLRGHODERTXLOODGH
vapor de los eventuales residuos de leche.
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REUTILIZACIÓN PARA CAFÉ
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Pulse el botón de erogación del café \PDQWHQJDSXOVDGRHOERWyQGHHURJDFLyQGHYDSRU4SDUDKDFHU
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Antes de hacer el café, espere hasta que el indicador luminoso del botón de erogación del café se
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MANTENIMIENTO DEL APARATO
Desbloqueo del molinillo de café
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y HPSH]DUiQDSDUSDGHDUUiSLGDPHQWH
(QHVWHFDVRHVQHFHVDULRSRQHUVHHQFRQWDFWRFRQHO&HQWURGH$VLVWHQFLD$XWRUL]DGRPiVFHUFDQR
53
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LIMPIEZA DEL APARATO
¡Atención!
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¡Atención!
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/HUHFRPHQGDPRVTXHOLPSLHPLQXFLRVDPHQWHHO¿OWURDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHFDGDPHVHVXWLOL]DQGRODVSDVWL-
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Apague la máquina, desconecte el cable de alimentación de la toma de corriente y limpie con una esponja
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Limpieza de los componentes
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54
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Limpieza del tubo vapor
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Limpieza de la rejilla y de la bandeja recolectora de gotas
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¡Atención!
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DESCALCIFICACIÓN
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PUESTA FUERA DE SERVICIO
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En el caso de desguace, hay que separar los distintos materiales utilizados para la construcción de la má-
quina y proceder a la eliminación de los mismos sobre la base de su composición y según las disposiciones
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55
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GUÍA DE SOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS
¡Atención!
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352%/(0$6 &$86$6 62/8&,21(6
La máquina no
VXPLQLVWUDYDSRU Hay poca agua y la bomba no
DVSLUD Controlar que el depósito de agua esté bien
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Llenar con agua sin gas fresca a temperatura
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2UL¿FLRGHVDOLGDGHOYDSRU
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El café contiene
mucha agua y
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El café ha sido molido demasiado
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caliente, se debe usar una mezcla de café molido
PiV¿QR
Molinillo
EORTXHDGR Probable presencia de impurezas
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por los bordes del
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Probablemente se haya colocado
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impedido de ajustar hasta el tope
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En la junta del asiento de
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UHVWRVGHFDIpPROLGR
Limpiar la junta con un escarbadientes o con una
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56
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352%/(0$6 &$86$6 62/8&,21(6
La erogación
del café no
se produce o
se produce
demasiado
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El disco agujereado que se
encuentra en el asiento de
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consigue en los centros de asistencia Ariete
siguiendo las instrucciones indicadas en la
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Mezcla de café molido demasiado
¿QD Probar a utilizar mezcla de café con una
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Mezcla de café demasiado
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(OGHSRVLWRQRHVWiELHQPRQWDGR ,QWURGXFLUHOGHSRVLWRHPSXMiQGRORKDVWDHOIRQGR
Hay poca agua y la bomba no
DVSLUD Controlar que el depósito de agua esté bien
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HOGHSyVLWRVHDDGHFXDGR/OHQDUFRQDJXDVLQ
JDVIUHVFDDWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWHKDVWDHOQLYHO
LQGLFDGRFRQ0$;
57
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A PROPÓSITO DESTE MANUAL
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VmRSRUWDQWRSURWHJLGRVHPWRGDVDVVXDVSDUWHVSRWHQFLDOPHQWHSHULJRVDVGHYHVHOHUDWHQWDPHQWHHVWHV
DYLVRVHXVDURDSDUHOKRVRPHQWHSDUDRXVRDRTXDOIRLGHVWLQDGRSDUDHYLWDUDFLGHQWHVHGDQRV'HL[DUHVWH
PDQXDOVHPSUHDFHVVtYHOSDUDIXWXUDVFRQVXOWDV6HPSUHTXHGHVHMDUFHGHUHVWHDSDUHOKRDRXWUDVSHVVRDV
OHPEUHVHGHLQFOXLUWDPEpPHVWDVLQVWUXo}HV
As informações apresentadas neste manual estão marcadas com os seguintes símbolos, que indicam:
Perigo para as crianças $YLVRUHODWLYRDTXHLPDGXUDV
3HULJRGHYLGRjHOHFWULFLGDGH Atenção - danos materiais
3HULJRGHGDQRVGHYLGRVDRXWUDVFDXVDV
USO PREVISTO
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(VWHDSDUHOKRQmRGHYHVHUGHVWLQDGRDRXVRFRPHUFLDOHLQGXVWULDO
4XDOTXHURXWURXVRGRDSDUHOKRQmRpSUHYLVWRSHOR)DEULFDQWHRTXDOQmRDVVXPLUiQHQKXPDUHVSRQVDELOL-
GDGHSRUGDQRVGHQHQKXPWLSRFDXVDGRVSRUXVRLPSUySULRGRDSDUHOKR2XVRLPSUySULRGHWHUPLQDWDPEpP
DSHUGDGRHIHLWRGHTXDOTXHUIRUPDGHJDUDQWLD
RISCOS RESÍDUOS
As características de fabrico do aparelho, objecto do presente documento, não permitem proteger o utilizador
GRMDFWRGLUHFWRGHYDSRURXiJXDTXHQWH
Atenção!
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RXWUDVSHVVRDVRXSDUDVLPHVPR(PSXQKDURWXERH[FOXVLYDPHQWHQDSDUWHGHSOiVWLFR
8WLOL]DUVRPHQWHUHFLSLHQWHVTXHVHMDPUHDOL]DGRVFRPPDWHULDO³SDUDDOLPHQWRV´
ADVERTÊNCIAS DE SEGURANÇA
LER CUIDADOSAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUÇÕES.
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OKDQWHVFRPRSRUH[HPSOR
QDViUHDVSDUDFR]LQKDUUHVHUYDGDVDRSHVVRDOGHORMDVHPHVFULWyULRVHHP
RXWURVDPELHQWHVSUR¿VVLRQDLV
- em quintas
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UHODWLYRVKyVSHGHV
1mRVHDVVXPHPTXDLVTXHUWLSRVGHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHSHORXVRLQFRUUHFWRRXSRU
HPSUHJRVGLIHUHQWHVGDTXHOHVSUHYLVWHVSHORSUHVHQWHIROKHWR
5HFRPHQGDVHJXDUGDUDHPEDODJHPRULJLQDOYLVWRTXHQmRpHIHFWXDGDDDV-
VLVWrQFLDJUDWXLWDSRUGDQRVGHYLGRVjHPEDODJHPQmRDGHTXDGDGRSURGXWRQR
PRPHQWRGRHQYLRGRPHVPRDXP&HQWURGH$VVLVWrQFLDDXWRUL]DGR
Perigo para as crianças
2DSDUHOKRSRGHVHUXWLOL]DGRSRUFULDQoDVFRPPDLVGHDQRVGHLGDGHHSRU
58
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pessoas com capacidades físicas, sensoriais ou mentais reduzidas, ou com falta
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UHVSRQViYHORXVHWLYHUHPUHFHELGRHLQFOXLQGRLQVWUXo}HVHSHULJRVSUHVHQWHV
DRXVDURDSDUHOKR
$VFULDQoDVQmRGHYHPEULQFDUFRPRDSDUHOKR
$OLPSH]DHDPDQXWHQomRDSUHVHQWDGDVQHVWDVLQVWUXo}HVQmRGHYHPVHUIHLWDV
SRUFULDQoDVVHPDVXSHUYLVmRGHXPDGXOWR
1mRGHL[DURVHOHPHQWRVGDHPEDODJHPDRDOFDQFHGHFULDQoDVSRLVFRQVWLWXHP
SRWHQFLDLVIRQWHVGHSHULJR
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WDURFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRSDUDTXHQmRSRVVDPDLVIXQFLRQDU5HFRPHQGDPRV
ID]HUFRPTXHVXDVSDUWHVVXVFHSWtYHLVDFRQVWLWXLUSHULJRSULQFLSDOPHQWHSDUD
FULDQoDVTXHSRGHULDPXWLOL]DURDSDUHOKRSDUDEULQFDUWRUQHPVHLQyFXDV
1mRGHL[DURDO¿QHWHSDUDOLPSH]DDRDOFDQFHGHFULDQoDVHJXDUGiORHPOXJDU
VHJXURSHULJRGHLQJHVWmRHGHIHULGDV
Perigo devido à electricidade
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$QWHVGHOLJDURDSDUHOKRjUHGHGHDOLPHQWDomRFHUWL¿FDUVHTXHDWHQVmRLQGLFD-
da na placa de características colocada na parte inferior da máquina correspon-
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SURYRFDUGDQRVHDFLGHQWHV
$QWHVGHSURFHGHUDRHQFKLPHQWRGRGHSyVLWRGHiJXDGHVOLJXHRDSDUHOKRGD
WRPDGD
6HRFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRHVWLYHUGDQL¿FDGRHVWHGHYHVHUVXEVWLWXtGRSHORID-
EULFDQWHRXSRUVHXVHUYLoRGH$VVLVWrQFLDWpFQLFDRXSRUXPDSHVVRDFRPTXD-
OL¿FDomRHTXLYDOHQWHGHPRGRDSUHYHQLUTXDOTXHUULVFR
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um curto-circuito!
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Perigo de danos devidos a outras causas
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PDVVHJXUDQGRRSHORFRUSR
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(YLWDUDLQWURGXomRGHXPDTXDQWLGDGHH[FHVVLYDGHiJXDQRGHSyVLWR
59
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1mRGHL[DURDSDUHOKRVHPYLJLOkQFLDHQTXDQWRHVWHHVWLYHUOLJDGRjUHGHHOpFWULFD
2DSDUHOKRGHYHVHUXWLOL]DGRHGHL[DGRHPUHSRXVRVREUHXPDVXSHUItFLHHVWiYHO
2DSDUHOKRQmRGHYHVHUXWLOL]DGRVHWLYHUFDtGRVHKRXYHUVLQDLVGHGDQRVYLVt-
YHLVRXVHKRXYHUSHUGDVGHiJXD1mRXVDURDSDUHOKRVHRFDERHOpWULFRRXD
¿FKDHVWLYHUHPGDQL¿FDGRVRXVHRSUySULRDSDUHOKRHVWLYHUFRPDOJXPGHIHLWR
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realizadas somente por Centros de Assistência Ariete ou por técnicos autoriza-
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Aviso relativo a queimaduras
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$VSDUWHVPHWiOLFDVH[WHUQDVGRDSDUHOKRHGRSRUWD¿OWURQmRGHYHPVHUWRFDGDV
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YHUSUHVVmRUHVtGXDHVWDSRGHULDSURYRFDUERUULIRV(PVHJXLGDOLPSDUFRPR
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Atenção - danos materiais
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1mRXWLOL]HDPiTXLQDVHPiJXDSRUTXHDERPEDSRGHTXHLPDU
1XQFDHQFKHURGHSyVLWRGHiJXDFRPiJXDTXHQWHRXIHUYHQWH
1mRSRVLFLRQDUDPiTXLQDVREUHVXSHUItFLHVPXLWRTXHQWHVRXQDVSUR[LPLGDGHV
GHFKDPDVOLYUHVSDUDHYLWDUTXHDHVWUXWXUDSRVVDVRIUHUGDQRV
2FDERGHDOLPHQWDomRQmRGHYHWRFDUDVSDUWHVTXHQWHVGDPiTXLQD
1mRXWLOL]DUiJXDFRPJiVFRPDGLomRGHGLy[LGRGHFDUERQR
1XQFDLQWURGX]LUQR¿OWURQHQKXPDVXEVWkQFLDGLIHUHQWHGHSyGHFDIp'RFRQWUi-
ULRLVWRSRGHULDFDXVDUJUDYHVGDQRVDRDSDUHOKR
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DEVROXWDPHQWHFDIpPRtGRQRUHFLSLHQWHGRFDIpPDVH[FOXVLYDPHQWHFDIpHP
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1mRGHL[DUDPiTXLQDDXPDWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWHLQIHULRUD&SRLVRUHVt-
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1mRGHL[HRDSDUHOKRH[SRVWRDDJHQWHVDWPRVIpULFRVFKXYDVROHWF
'HSRLVGHWHUGHVOLJDGRD¿FKDGDWRPDGDGHFRUUHQWHHOpFWULFDHGHSRLVGDV
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60
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DESCRIÇÃO DOS COMPONENTES
$ 'HSyVLWRGHiJXD
% 7XERGRYDSRU
&%LFRGRYDSRU
')LOWURFDIp
( *RWHMDGRU
) 3RUWD¿OWUR
*&DOFDGRU
+$O¿QHWHSDUDOLPSH]D
, &DERGHDOLPHQWDomR
- 3ODQRSDUDFKiYHQDV
K - Bandeja de recolha de gotas
L - Moinho de café
M - Recipiente do café em grãos
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2$ODYDQFDGHGHVEORTXHLRGRUHFLSLHQWHGRFDIp
3 7DPSDGRUHVHUYDWyULR
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6 %RWmRGHDFLRQDPHQWRFRPLQGLFDGRUOXPLQRVR
7 %RWmRGDIXQomRYDSRUFRPLQGLFDGRUOXPLQRVR
'DGRVGHLGHQWLÀFDomR
1DSODFDVLWXDGDDEDL[RGDEDVHGHDSRLRGDPiTXLQDIRUDPFRORFDGRVRVVHJXLQWHVGDGRVGHLGHQWL¿FDomR
da máquina:
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PRGHOR0RG
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WHQVmRHOpFWULFDGHDOLPHQWDomR9HIUHTXrQFLD+]
SRWrQFLDHOpFWULFDDEVRUYLGD:
Q~PHURYHUGHGHDVVLVWrQFLD
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INSTRUÇÕES DE USO
Accionamento
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3RVLFLRQDURDSDUHOKRVREUHXPDVXSHUItFLHSODQDHHVWiYHO
5HPRYHURGHSyVLWRGHiJXDGRDSDUHOKR1DSULPHLUDXWLOL]DomRWLUDURGHSyVLWRHHQFKHORFRPiJXDQDWXUDO
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DWDPSD)LJ
/DYDUR¿OWUR'HDWDPSDGRUHFLSLHQWHGRFDIp
Ligar a máquina pela primeira vez
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Em caso de primeiro uso, ou após um período de não utilização, recomendamos que se faça sair pelo menos
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(QFDL[DURSRUWD¿OWURHPVXDVHGHVHPWHULQVHULGRQHQKXP¿OWUR
Pressionar o botão de accionamento
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61
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minutos, o indicador do botão de saída do café
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HVWiSURQWDSDUDDSURGXomRGRFDIp
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4$iJXDLQLFLDUiDVDLUGRSRUWD¿OWUR)HPVHJXLGDSUHVVLRQDUQRYDPHQWHRERWmRGHVDtGDGRFDIp)LJ
$JRUDRDSDUHOKRHVWiSURQWRSDUDSUHSDUDURSULPHLURFDIp
Aconselhamos repetir esta operação todas as vezes que a máquina for acionada após vários dias de
não utilização.
COMO PREPARAR O CAFÉ
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Nunca introduzir o pó de café no recipiente do café em grãos (M).
Regulação do grau de moagem
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2JUDXGHPRDJHPLQÀXLQRJRVWRPDLVRXPHQRVIRUWHGRFDIpHQDTXDQWLGDGHGHFUHPH3RGHVHWHQWDU
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Atenção!
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Saída do café
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Pressionar o botão de accionamento
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luminoso do botão de saída do café
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Atenção!
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62
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Pressionar o botão de saída do café SDUDGDULQtFLRjVDtGDGRFDIp)LJ
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Atenção!
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Atenção!
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Função auto-desligamento
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máquina pressionando o botão de acionamento $JXDUGDUTXHRLQGLFDGRUOXPLQRVRGRERWmRGHVDtGD
do café VHLOXPLQHGHPRGR¿[RSDUDSURGX]LURFDIp
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COMO PREPARAR UM CAPPUCCINO
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SRUWD¿OWURGHVXDVHGH
Para fazer um cappuccino, um chocolate quente ou somente para aquecer qualquer outra bebida, pressionar
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75
NL
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HET APPARAAT SCHOONMAKEN
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De onderdelen reinigen
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76
NL
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Het stoompijpje reinigen
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BUITENWERKINGSTELLING
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77
NL
OVERZICHT VAN OPLOSSINGEN VOOR EEN AANTAL PROBLEMEN
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78
NL
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ȟİȞȠįȠȤİȓĮPRWHOEHGEUHDNIDVWțĮȚȐȜȜİȢįȠȝȑȢțĮIJȠȚțȓĮȢȖȚĮȤȡȒıȘĮʌȩ
IJȠȣȢʌİȜȐIJİȢIJȠȣȢ
ǻİȞĮȞĮȜĮȝȕȐȞȠȣȝİțĮȝȓĮİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȜĮȞșĮıȝȑȞȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȒȖȚĮ
țȐʌȠȚĮȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘʌȠȣįİȞĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮijȣȜȐııİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢIJȠȣİȡȖȠıIJĮıȓȠȣįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣ
ȩIJȚįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚįȦȡİȐȞIJİȤȞȚțȒȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȖȚĮIJȚȢȗȘȝȚȑȢʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘ-
țĮȞĮʌȩĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒĮʌȩȑȞĮ
İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
80
EL
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓDŽNJǂǕǂǍNJNjǒƽǑǂNJDžNJƽ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡĮIJȦȞİIJȫȞțĮȚ
ȐIJȠȝĮȝİİȚįȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȒĮʌȩȐIJȠȝĮʌȠȣįİȞȑȤȠȣȞIJȘȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘʌİȓȡĮ
ȝȩȞȠıIJȘȞʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȣʌİȪșȣȞȠȒʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞįȚĮ-
ȕȐıİȚțĮȚțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐ
IJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
IJĮʌĮȚįȚȐįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȅțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢțĮȚȘıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘʌȠȣĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠĮȣIJȩįİȞʌȡȑ-
ʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞİʌȚIJȒȡȘıȘİȞȩȢİȞȒȜȚțĮ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȖțĮIJĮȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘįȚȐșİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚ-
įȚȫȞįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJİȪıİIJİțȩȕȠȞIJĮȢ
IJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣȞĮIJĮȝȑȡȘ
IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȖȚĮȝȚțȡȐ
ʌĮȚįȚȐʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘȕİȜȩȞĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪıIJȘȞįȚȐșİıȘIJȦȞȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚįȚȫȞȆȡȑʌİȚ
ȞĮIJȘȞijȣȜȐȟİIJİıİȑȞĮıȓȖȠȣȡȠȝȑȡȠȢȖȚĮIJȓȣʌȐȡȤİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠȢțĮIJȐʌȠıȘȢȒ
IJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȂȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİıİȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȞĮȑȤȠȣȞʌȡȩıȕĮıȘıIJȠțĮ-
ȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ȆȡȚȞıȣȞįȑıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩįȓțIJȣȠȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘʌȠȣ
ĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓȝİIJȘȞIJȐıȘIJȠȣ
įȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢ
Ǿ ȤȡȒıȘ ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȫȞȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗȦȞ ȝȘİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȦȞ ĮʌȩIJȠ İȡȖȠıIJȐıȚȠ
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚȗȘȝȚȑȢȒĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮ
ȆȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ǹȞʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚȗȘȝȚȐIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJĮșİȓıİ
ȑȞĮİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠțȑȞIJȡȠIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒıİțȐșİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘ
ĮʌȩȑȞĮȞĮįİȚȠȪȤȠȘȜİțIJȡȠȜȩȖȠȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠțȜİȚıșİȓȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ȂȘȞȕȡȑȤİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓ
ȞĮȖȓȞİȚȕȡĮȤȣțȪțȜȦȝĮ
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİʌȑȝȕĮıȘțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪ
ȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
ȃĮıȕȒȞİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİ-
IJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩ
81
EL
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLJLjǍNJƽǓǂǑǝDžNJƽǗǐǒdžǓƽnjnjdžǓǂNJǕǀdžǓ
ȂȘȞĮȞĮıȘțȫȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȚȐȞȠȞIJȐȢIJȘȞĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪȒIJȠȜİțĮȞȐ-
țȚȆȚȐıIJİIJȘȞĮʌȩIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢ
ǼʌȚȜȑȟIJİȑȞĮȤȫȡȠȝİİʌĮȡțȒijȦIJȚıȝȩțĮȚĮİȡȚıȝȩțĮȚȝİȝȚĮʌȡȓȗĮİȪțȠȜĮ
ʌȡȠıʌİȜȐıȚȝȘ
ǹʌȠijȪȖİIJİȞĮȕȐȜİIJİıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȩIJĮȞĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİıIJİĮʌȩIJȠȤȫȡȠʌȠȣ
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ
ȆȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțĮȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐ-
ȞİȚĮ
ǻİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȑʌİıİțȐIJȦĮȞȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞİȝijĮ-
ȞİȓȢȗȘȝȚȑȢȒȞĮʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚįȚĮȡȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞ
ȑȤİȚȗȘȝȚȐIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȒIJȠijȚȢȒĮȞʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚİȜȐIJIJȦȝĮȘıȣıțİȣȒǵȜİȢȠȚ
İʌȚıțİȣȑȢțĮȚȘĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚ
ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐĮʌȩİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮțȑȞIJȡĮIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒĮʌȩ
IJİȤȞȚțȠȪȢIJȘȢ$ULHWHȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ƲǒǐdžNJDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjDŽNJǂdžDŽNjǂǞǍǂǕǂ
ȂȘȞțĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩȒIJȠȞĮIJȝȩʌȐȞȦıĮȢȤİȚȡȚıIJİȓIJİȝİʌȡȠıȠ-
ȤȒIJȠȞıȦȜȒȞĮĮIJȝȠȪțȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ
ǵIJĮȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȘȝȘȤĮȞȒȝȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJĮİȟȦIJİȡȚțȐȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐIJȝȒȝĮIJȐIJȘȢțĮȚ
IJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȐșİIJİȑȖțĮȣȝĮ
ǹȞįİȞİțȡȑİȚȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȑȤİȚijȡȐȟİȚIJȠijȓȜ-
IJȡȠȈIJȘȞʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘĮȣIJȒĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘ
IJȣȤȩȞȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮȒİțIJȩȟİȣıȘ
ȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢIJȘȢıȤİIJȚțȒȢʌĮȡĮȖȡȐijȠȣ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮıIJĮșİȡȩİʌȓʌİįȠȩʌȠȣįİȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ȞĮĮȞĮʌȠįȠȖȣȡȓıİȚ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩȖȚĮIJȓșĮțĮİȓȘĮȞIJȜȓĮ
ȂȘȞȖİȝȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİȗİıIJȩȒțĮȣIJȩȞİȡȩ
ȂȘȞIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȫıİȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȒțȠȞIJȐıİȖȣȝȞȑȢijȜȩ-
ȖİȢȖȚĮȞĮȝȘȞȖȓȞİȚȗȘȝȚȐıIJȠʌİȡȓȕȜȘȝȐIJȘȢ
ȉȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȘȜİțIJȡȠįȩIJȘıȘȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐİȚıİȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮİȡȚȠȪȤȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚįȚȠȟİȓįȚȠIJȠȣȐȞșȡĮțĮ
ȂȘȞȕȐȗİIJİıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠțĮȝȓĮȐȜȜȘȠȣıȓĮİțIJȩȢĮʌȩțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮ
ȖȓȞİȚıȠȕĮȡȒȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȡȣșȝȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠȕĮșȝȩȐȜİıȘȢțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢIJȠȣȝȪȜȠȣțĮȚȝȘȞ
ȕȐȗİIJİıİțĮȝȓĮʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘĮȜİıȝȑȞȠțĮijȑıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠțĮijȑĮȜȜȐĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐ
țĮijȑıİțȩțțȠȣȢǾȝȑȖȚıIJȘȤȦȡȘIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣțĮijȑıİțȩțțȠȣȢİȓȞĮȚJ
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ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒıİșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞIJȠȢȤĮȝȘȜȩIJİȡȘĮʌȩ&
ȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȖȫıİȚIJȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣȑȤİȚȝİȓȞİȚȝȑıĮıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮțĮȚȞĮʌȡȠȟİ-
ȞȒıİȚȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȣʌĮȓșȡȚȠȤȫȡȠ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıIJȠȣȢĮIJȝȠıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢȕȡȠ-
ȤȒȒȜȚȠțȜʌ
ǹijȠȪȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮțĮȚĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıȠȣȞIJĮȗİıIJȐİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȚıIJİȓĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓȝȩȜȚȢȕȠȣ-
IJȘȖȝȑȞȠıIJȠȞİȡȩȝİȜȓȖİȢıIJĮȖȩȞİȢȠȣįȑIJİȡȠȣĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢȝȘȞ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑįȚĮȜȪIJİȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞȠȣȞȗȘȝȚȐıIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐ
ƷƶƭƣưƵƧƣƶƵƧƴƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴ
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƺƯƧưƣƳƵƩƮƣƵƺƯ
$ ǻȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ
% ȈȦȜȒȞĮȢĮIJȝȠȪ
&ǹțȡȠijȪıȚȠĮIJȝȠȪ
'ĭȓȜIJȡȠțĮijȑ
( ȈȠȣȡȦIJȒȡȚ
) ȊʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
*ȆȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚ
+ǺİȜȩȞĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪ
, ȀĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
- ȈȤȐȡĮȖȚĮIJĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
. ȁİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ
/ ȂȪȜȠȢȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑ
0ǻȠȤİȓȠțĮijȑıİțȩțțȠȣȢ
1ȀĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣțĮijȑ
2ȂȠȤȜȩȢĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣțĮijȑ
3 ȀĮʌȐțȚįȠȤİȓȠȣ
4ȀȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ
5ȆȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȝİİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ
6 ȆȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢȝİİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ
7 ȆȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮIJȝȠȪȝİİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ
ƴǕǐNJǘdžǀǂǂǎǂDŽǎǟǒNJǔLjǓ
ȈIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮʌȠȣȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘȑįȡĮıȘȢIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚIJĮʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıIJȠȚȤİȓĮ
ĮȞĮȖȞȫȡȚıȘȢ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢțĮȚıȒȝĮȞıȘ&(ǼȅȀ
ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠȂȠG
ĮȡıİȚȡȐȢ61
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘȢ9țĮȚıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ+]
țĮIJĮȞĮȜȚıțȩȝİȞȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȚıȤȪȢ:
ʌȡȐıȚȞȠIJȘȜȑijȦȞȠįȦȡİȐȞțȜȒıȘIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘ
ǵIJĮȞĮʌİȣșȪȞİıIJİıIJĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȞĮĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠȝȠȞIJȑȜȠțĮȚIJȠȞ
ĮȡȚșȝȩıİȚȡȐȢIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢ
83
EL
ƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƥƫƣƵƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ƪƾǔLjǔdžnjdžNJǕǐǖǒDŽǀǂ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢțĮȚȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞȩȜĮIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİȝȚĮİʌȓʌİįȘțĮȚıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȆȜȪȞIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠțĮIJȐIJȘȞʌȡȫIJȘȤȡȒıȘțĮȚȖİȝȓıIJİIJȠȝİ
ȞȦʌȩijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ³0$;´ijȡȠȞIJȓȗȠȞIJĮȢıIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮȞĮIJȠȕȐȜİIJİıȦıIJȐıIJȘȞ
ȑįȡĮIJȠȣǼȚțīȚĮȞĮİȟĮıijĮȜȓıİIJİIJȘıȦıIJȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȚȑıIJİIJȑȡȝĮIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȉȠįȠȤİȓȠȖİȝȓȗİȚȝȩȞȠĮʌȩʌȐȞȦȤȪȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȠȞİȡȩıIJȠİȚįȚțȩįȚĮȝȑȡȚıȝĮĮijȠȪĮȞĮıȘțȫıİIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚ
ǼȚț
ȆȜȪȞIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ'țĮȚIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣIJȠȣțĮijȑ
ƲǒǟǕǐƽǎǂǍǍǂ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪįȚțIJȪȠȣĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓȝİIJȘȞIJȐıȘʌȠȣĮȞĮȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ
IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ǵIJĮȞĮȞȐȕİIJİȖȚĮʌȡȫIJȘijȠȡȐIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȒȝİIJȐĮʌȩȝĮțȡȠȤȡȩȞȚĮȝȘȤȡȒıȘıȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮĮijȒıİIJİȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚ
IJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȑȞĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣȑȤȠȞIJĮȢIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİȚIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȈIJİȡİȫıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢȤȦȡȓȢȞĮȕȐȜİIJİțĮȞȑȞĮijȓȜIJȡȠ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
ȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣĮȞȐȕİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮȂİIJȐĮʌȩȜȓȖĮ
ȜİʌIJȐIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ
ĮȞȐȕİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮȖȚĮȞĮįİȓȟİȚʌȦȢȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩȢ
ȜȑȕȘIJĮȢİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȠȢȖȚĮIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚțțĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ
ǼȚț
ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑǼȚțțĮȚțȡĮIJȒıIJİʌĮIJȘȝȑȞȠIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ4ǼȚț
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȢȩIJȠȣȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȘİțȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪțĮȚȪıIJİȡĮ ĮijȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ4ȉȠȞİȡȩĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ)ıİĮȣIJȩIJȠıȘȝİȓȠʌȚȑıIJİȟĮȞȐIJȠ
ʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑǼȚț
ȉȫȡĮȘıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȘȞĮijIJȚȐȟİȚIJȠȞʌȡȫIJȠțĮijȑ
ȉȤȟțIJijȑijįțȟįıʍįȟįȝįȞȖȑȟıijıįȤijȓȟijșİțįİțȜįIJȔįȜȑȚıĴȡȢȑʍȡȤȠįȟįȟȑȖıijıijșȞșȥįȟȓȞıijȑįʍȪ
ʍȡȝȝȒȣȞȒȢıȣįİȢȑȟıțįȣ
ƲƺƴƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƬƣƷƧ
ǼȜȑȖȟIJİIJȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ$ȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJȠįȠȤİȓȠİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠıIJȘȞȑįȡĮ
IJȠȣȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ'ȝȑıĮıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ)
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑıİțȩțțȠȣȢıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠțĮijȑǼȚț
ȂȘȞȕȐȗİIJİȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțȩțțȦȞțĮijȑȆȡȑʌİȚ
ȞĮțȜİȓȞİIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣțĮijȑʌȐȞȦıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ǺȟȖȑȘıijıȝȔȗȡȤȣȜȪȜȜȡȤȣȜįĴȒȜȑȚıĴȡȢȑȚįįʍȡȝįȞȖȑȟıijıȒȟįȟȜįĴȒʍȑȟijįȞıĴȢȒIJȜȡȥįȢȞȑȟț
ȃșȟȖȑȘıijıʍȡijȒȜįĴȒIJıIJȜȪȟșIJijȡİȡȥıȔȡijȡȤȜįĴȒIJıȜȪȜȜȡȤȣ0
ƳǞljǍNJǔLjǕǐǖǃǂljǍǐǞƽnjdžǔLjǓ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮȜȑıİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑĮȞȐȜȠȖĮȝİIJȠȕĮșȝȩȐȜİıȘȢʌȠȣİʌȚșȣȝİȓIJİȤȠȞIJȡȒȒȜİʌIJȒȐȜİıȘ
ȅȕĮșȝȩȢȐȜİıȘȢİʌȘȡİȐȗİȚIJȘȖİȪıȘ±ȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠȒʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠįȣȞĮIJȩȢ±țĮȚʌȩıȠțĮȧȝȐțȚșĮȑȤİȚȂʌȠȡİȓ-
IJİȞĮįȠțȚȝȐıİIJİȞĮĮȜȜȐȟİIJİĮȣIJȒIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠȖȚĮȞĮȕȡİȓIJİIJȘȞIJȑȜİȚĮȖİȪıȘȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮijȑıĮȢ
ȆȐȞȦıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣțĮijȑıİțȩțțȠȣȢȣʌȐȡȤİȚȝȚĮįȚĮȕȐșȝȚıȘĮʌȩIJȠȝȑȤȡȚIJȠȅȚȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠȚĮȡȚșȝȠȪ
ĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤȠȪȞıİʌȚȠȤȠȞIJȡȒȐȜİıȘȅȚȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠȚĮȡȚșȝȠȪĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤȠȪȞıİʌȚȠȥȚȜȒȐȜİıȘǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİȞĮ
ijIJȚȐȟİIJİȑȞĮȞțĮijȑȝİȕĮșȝȩȐȜİıȘȢȓıȠȝİȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮĮȜȜȐȟIJİIJȠȕĮșȝȩȐȜİıȘȢȖȚĮȞĮȕȡİȓIJİIJȘȞIJȑȜİȚĮ
ȖİȪıȘȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮijȑıĮȢ
īȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȠȕĮșȝȩȐȜİıȘȢIJȠȣțĮijȑȜİʌIJȠțȠȝȝȑȞȠȢȒȤȠȞIJȡȠțȠȝȝȑȞȠȢʌĮIJȒıIJİʌȡȠȢIJĮțȐIJȦIJȠ
ȝȠȤȜȩĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢ2IJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣțĮijȑȆİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣțĮijȑʌȡȠȢIJĮįİȟȚȐĮȞșȑȜİIJİȜİʌIJȒ
84
EL
ȐȜİıȘȒʌȡȠȢIJĮĮȡȚıIJİȡȐĮȞșȑȜİIJİȤȠȞIJȡȒȐȜİıȘǼȚț
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǾİȡȖĮıȓĮĮȣIJȒʌȡȑʌİȚȠʌȦıįȒʌȠIJİȞĮİțIJİȜİȓIJĮȚȝİıȕȘıIJȩIJȠȝȪȜȠȐȜİıȘȢ
ǾİȡȖĮıȓĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜİıIJİȓȝİIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠIJȠțĮʌȐțȚ1IJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣțĮijȑ
ƲǂǒǐǘƿǕǐǖNjǂǗƾ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
ȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣĮȞȐȕİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮ-
ȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ
ĮȞȐȕİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮȖȚĮȞĮįİȓȟİȚʌȦȢȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩȢȜȑȕȘIJĮȢİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȠȢ
ȖȚĮIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠȝȪȜȠȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑǼȚțȆİȡȐıIJİIJĮʌIJİȡȪȖȚĮIJȘȢȣʌȠ-
įȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȕȐıȘțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠȝȪȜȠȐȜİıȘȢIJȠȣțĮijȑȀȐșİijȠȡȐʌȠȣʌȚȑȗİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣ)țȩȞIJȡĮıIJȘȕȐıȘțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠȝȪȜȠȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑșĮʌȑijIJİȚȠțĮijȑȢıİıțȩȞȘĮʌȩIJȠȝȪȜȠǾ
ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȠȣĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑİʌȘȡİȐȗİȚIJȘȖİȪıȘ±ȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠȒʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠįȣȞĮIJȩȢ±țĮȚʌȩıȠțĮȧȝȐțȚ
șĮȑȤİȚ
ʍȢȒʍıțȟįʍțȒIJıijıȞıijȡʍțıIJijșȢȑȜțijȡȟįȝıIJȞȒȟȡȜįĴȒIJijșȟȤʍȡİȡȥȓĴȔȝijȢȡȤǽțȜ
ǹıijĮȜȓıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȈȣıijȓȟIJİIJȘȞțĮȜȐʌİȡȚıIJȡȑijȠȞIJȐȢIJȘȞĮʌȩIJĮĮȡȚıIJİȡȐʌȡȠȢIJĮįİȟȚȐțĮȚȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȑȤİIJİ
ĮıijĮȜȓıİȚțĮȜȐIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮǼȚț
ǹȞȕȐȜİIJİıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțĮIJĮıIJİȓįȣıȤİȡȒȢȘʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȒIJȘȢ
ȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣȒțĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣțĮijȑȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȡȠȣıȚĮıIJȠȪȞįȚĮȡȡȠȑȢĮʌȩIJȘȞ
ȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮĮijȒıİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȞĮȗİıIJĮșİȓıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢȖȚĮȝİȡȚțȐȜİʌIJȐʌȡȚȞijIJȚȐȟİIJİțĮijȑ
ȫıIJİȞĮİȓȞĮȚĮȡțİIJȐȗİıIJȩȢțĮȚȠʌȡȫIJȠȢțĮijȑȢǾįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮȣIJȒįİȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚȖȚĮIJȠȣȢİʌȩȝİȞȠȣȢ
țĮijȑįİȢ
ǵIJĮȞIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ
ʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȠȘıȣıțİȣȒȑȤİȚIJȘ
ıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȘȖȚĮIJȘȤȡȒıȘ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ ȖȚĮȞĮȟİțȚȞȒıİȚȘʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣțĮijȑǼȚț
ȀĮIJȐIJȘȞįȚȐȡțİȚĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢșĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ
īȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒʌȚȑıIJİȟĮȞȐIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǵʌȦȢțĮȚıIJȚȢİʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȑȢȝȘȤĮȞȑȢțĮijȑįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚ
İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȠIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǵIJĮȞIJİȜİȚȫıİȚȘʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣțĮijȑʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİįȑțĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮʌİȡȓʌȠȣʌȡȚȞĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠ-
įȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȣȡȓȗȠȞIJȐȢIJȘȞĮȡȖȐĮʌȩįİȟȚȐʌȡȠȢIJĮ
ĮȡȚıIJİȡȐȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮțĮȚİțIJȠȟİȪıİȚȢȞİȡȠȪȒțĮijȑ
įȟȜįijȑijșȟįȟįȞȡȟȓijȡȤįijȞȡȫʍįȢȡȤIJțįIJijȡȫȟȞțȜȢȒȣİțįĴȤȗȒȣįijȞȡȫįʍȪijșȟȤʍȡİȡȥȓijȡȤĴȔȝ-
ijȢȡȤʍȢȪȜıțijįțȗțįȒȟįįʍȪȝȤijįĴȤIJțȡȝȡȗțȜȪĴįțȟȪȞıȟȡ
ƣǗǂǀǒdžǔLjǕǐǖǗǀnjǕǒǐǖ
īȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠ¿OWURʌȡȠȢIJĮĮȡȚıIJİȡȐǼȚț
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ƭdžNJǕǐǖǒDŽǀǂǂǖǕǝǍǂǕǐǖǔǃLjǔǀǍǂǕǐǓ
ǹȣIJȒȘȝȘȤĮȞȒțĮijȑİȓȞĮȚİȟȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȘȝİıȪıIJȘȝĮĮȣIJȩȝĮIJȠȣıȕȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȠȣȢȞȑȠȣȢțĮȞȠȞȚ-
85
EL
ıȝȠȪȢȖȚĮIJȘȞțĮIJĮȞȐȜȦıȘİȞȑȡȖİȚĮȢǹȞİȓȞĮȚĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȘȘȝȘȤĮȞȒĮȜȜȐįİȞIJȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȝİIJȐĮʌȩ
ȜİʌIJȐİʌİȝȕĮȓȞİȚȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮĮȣIJȩȝĮIJȠȣıȕȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢīȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİȑȞĮȞȐȜȜȠțĮijȑʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȞȐȥİIJİ
ȟĮȞȐIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒʌĮIJȫȞIJĮȢIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ īȚĮȞĮĮȡȤȓıİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚ
ȞĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ
ƥƾǍNJǔǍǂDžǐǘdžǀǐǖǎdžǒǐǞNjǂǕƽǕLjǘǒƿǔLj
ȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮİȜȑȖȤİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠǹȞIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȓȞİȚȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩșĮĮȚıșĮȞșİȓ-
IJİȑȞĮȞțȡĮįĮıȝȩțĮȚșĮĮțȠȣıIJİȓȑȞĮȢįȣȞĮIJȩȢșȩȡȣȕȠȢ
ȈȕȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮīİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝȑȤȡȚIJȘıȘȝİȚȦȝȑȞȘıIJȐșȝȘțĮȚ
ĮȞȐȥIJİȟĮȞȐIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƲƺƴƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƧƯƣƯƬƣƲƱƶƵƴƫƯƱ
ĭIJȚȐȟIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑȆȡȠIJȠȪȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪȖȚĮIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮĮIJȝȠȪȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢ
ȑȤİIJİĮijĮȚȡȑıİȚĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
īȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİȑȞĮȞțĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠȝȚĮȗİıIJȒıȠțȠȜȐIJĮȒȝȩȞȠȖȚĮȞĮȗİıIJȐȞİIJİȠʌȠȚȠįȒʌȠIJİȡȩijȘȝĮʌȚȑıIJİ
IJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮIJȝȠȪ ȖȚĮȞĮİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪǼȚț
ȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩ
ȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮIJȝȠȪĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚȖȚĮȞĮįİȓȟİȚʌȦȢȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩȢȜȑȕȘIJĮȢ
ĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮȗİıIJĮȓȞİIJĮȚ
įȟȜįijȑijșȟįȟįȞȡȟȓijȡȤįijȞȡȫʍįȢȡȤIJțįIJijȡȫȟȞțȜȢȒȣİțįĴȤȗȒȣįijȞȡȫįʍȪijșȟȤʍȡİȡȥȓijȡȤĴȔȝ-
ijȢȡȤʍȢȪȜıțijįțȗțįȒȟįįʍȪȝȤijįĴȤIJțȡȝȡȗțȜȪĴįțȟȪȞıȟȡ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪȝȑıĮıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢʌȠȣșȑȜİIJİȞĮțIJȣʌȒıİIJİǼȚț
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȃĮʌȚȐȞİIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐĮʌȩIJȠțĮȠȣIJıȠȣțȑȞȚȠIJȝȒȝĮIJȠȣ
ǵIJĮȞIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮIJȝȠȪ
ʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȠʌȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒ-
țIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ4ȖȚĮȞĮȟİțȚȞȒıİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢǼȚț
ǺȣșȓıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪȝȑıĮıIJȠȖȐȜĮȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ4ıİȜȓȖȠșĮįİȓIJİȞĮ
ĮȞİȕĮȓȞİȚʌȣțȞȩțĮȚĮijȡȫįİȢțĮȧȝȐțȚ
īȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪĮijȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ4
ȃıijȑįʍȪȜȑȚıȥȢȓIJșȟįȜȑȟıijıʍįȢȡȥȓįijȞȡȫȗțįȝȔȗįİıȤijıȢȪȝıʍijįȬIJijıȟįįʍıȝıȤȚıȢȬȟıijįțș
ȡʍȓijȡȤįȜȢȡĴȤIJȔȡȤįʍȪijȤȥȪȜįijȑȝȡțʍįȗȑȝįȜijȡȣ
īȚĮȞĮĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮĮIJȝȠȪʌȚȑıIJİȟĮȞȐIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮIJȝȠȪ ǾȝȘȤĮȞȒșĮ
ʌİȡȐıİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮıIJȚȢȕȑȜIJȚıIJİȢıȣȞșȒțİȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ
ƧƲƣƯƣƸƳƩƴƫƮƱƲƱƫƩƴƩƥƫƣƬƣƷƧ
īȚĮȞĮʌİȡȐıİIJİĮʌȩIJȘȞʌĮȡĮȖȦȖȒĮIJȝȠȪıIJȘȞʌĮȡĮȖȦȖȒțĮijȑʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȠȜȑ-
ȕȘIJĮȢ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪǼȚț
ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ țĮȚțȡĮIJȒıIJİʌĮIJȘȝȑȞȠIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ4ȖȚĮȞĮİțȡİȪ-
ıİȚȠȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȩȢĮIJȝȩȢțĮȚȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȢ
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȘİțȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩIJȠ
ıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮIJȝȠȪ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪijIJȚȐȟİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ
86
EL
ƴƶƮƤƱƶƭƧƴƥƫƣƯƣƧƲƫƵƶƸƧƵƧƧƯƣƯƬƣƭƱƫƵƣƭƫƬƱƬƣƷƧ
ȅȕĮșȝȩȢȐȜİıȘȢȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑȠȕĮșȝȩȢʌȓİıȘȢIJȠȣțĮijȑıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚȘ
įȚȐȡțİȚĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȞİȡȠȪİʌȘȡİȐȗȠȣȞIJȘȖİȪıȘIJȠȣțĮijȑIJȠȞȑȞIJĮıȘȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠȒʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠįȣȞĮIJȩȢțĮȚ
ʌȩıȠțĮȧȝȐțȚșĮȑȤİȚȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮįȠțȚȝȐıİIJİȞĮĮȜȜȐȟİIJİȝȓĮȒʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡİȢĮʌȩĮȣIJȑȢIJȚȢʌĮȡĮȝȑIJȡȠȣȢ
ȖȚĮȞĮȕȡİȓIJİIJȘȞIJȑȜİȚĮȖİȪıȘȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮijȑıĮȢ
ǹȞİʌȚȜȑȟİIJİȜİʌIJȩIJİȡȠȐȜİıȝĮșȣȝȘșİȓIJİȞĮĮȣȟȒıİIJİIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȠȣĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜ-
IJȡȠȣțĮȚȞĮʌȚȑıİIJİȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠIJȠȞțĮijȑȝİIJȠʌȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐȠțĮijȑȢșĮȖȓȞİȚȞİȡȠȣȜȩȢǹȞIJȓșİIJĮĮȞ
ȠȕĮșȝȩȢȐȜİıȘȢİȓȞĮȚȤĮȝȘȜȩȢȤȠȞIJȡȩȐȜİıȝĮȝİȚȫıIJİIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȠȣĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚʌȚȑıIJİʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠIJȠȞțĮijȑȝİIJȠʌȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚ
ȅĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢțĮijȑȢȝȑıĮıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌȚȑȗİIJĮȚİȜĮijȡȐ
ĭȣȜȐȟIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑıİțȩțțȠȣȢıİȑȞĮțȜİȚıIJȩįȠȤİȓȠıİįȡȠıİȡȩțĮȚȩȤȚȣȖȡȩȝȑȡȠȢǹȞİȓȞĮȚįȣȞĮIJȩȞ
įȚĮIJȘȡȒıIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑĮİȡȠıIJİȖȫȢȃĮĮȖȠȡȐȗİIJİțĮijȑıİȝȚțȡȑȢʌȠıȩIJȘIJİȢȫıIJİȞĮȑȤİIJİʌȐȞIJĮijȡȑıțȠ
țĮijȑȖȚĮȐȜİıȘ
ƴƶƯƵƩƳƩƴƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ƣǑdžnjdžǖljƾǒǚǔLjǕǐǖǍǞnjǐǖƽnjdžǔLjǓNjǂǗƾ
ȈIJȘȞʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣȝʌȜȠțȐȡİȚȠȝȪȜȠȢȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ șĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠ-
ıȕȒȞİȚıİįȚĮıIJȒȝĮIJĮįİȣIJİȡȠȜȑʌIJȠȣȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮȠijİȓȜİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȣıȓĮĮțĮșĮȡıȚȫȞĮȞȐȝİıĮıIJȠȣȢ
țȩțțȠȣȢțĮijȑȩʌȦȢIJıȩijȜȚĮȒʌİIJȡĮįȐțȚĮʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞȝʌȜȠțȐȡİȚIJȠȝȪȜȠ
ǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣĮʌȩIJĮțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘ
ȆȚȑıIJİʌȡȠȢIJĮțȐIJȦIJȠȝȠȤȜȩĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢ2IJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣțĮijȑıİțȩțțȠȣȢ
ȆİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠțĮijȑıİțȩțțȠȣȢ0ȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİȣșȣȖȡĮȝȝȚıIJİȓIJȠıȪȝȕȠȜȠʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ
ȝİIJȠıȪȝȕȠȜȠʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒǼȚțȅȚĮțĮșĮȡıȓİȢʌȠȣȝʌȜȠțȐȡȚıĮȞIJȠȝȪȜȠșĮʌȑıȠȣȞıIJȠȞ
ĮȖȦȖȩIJȠȣțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠȝȪȜȠȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑǼȚțȆİȡȐıIJİIJĮʌIJİȡȪȖȚĮIJȘȢȣʌȠ-
įȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȕȐıȘțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠȝȪȜȠȐȜİıȘȢIJȠȣțĮijȑȆȚȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ)țȩȞIJȡĮıIJȘ
ȕȐıȘțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠȝȪȜȠȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑ
ǹijȒıIJİȞĮʌȑıİȚȠĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢțĮijȑȢıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȆİIJȐȟIJİIJȠȞĮȜİıȝȑȞȠțĮijȑȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪ-
ȞİIJİIJȚȢĮțĮșĮȡıȓİȢ
ȇȣșȝȓıIJİIJȠıȦıIJȩȕĮșȝȩȐȜİıȘȢ
ȆȡȠȤȦȡȒıIJİıIJȘȞʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮIJȠȣțĮijȑ
ǹȞȠȝȪȜȠȢȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑįİȞȟİțȚȞȐİȚțĮȚʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚȝʌȜȠțĮȡȚıȝȑȞȠȢȖȚĮIJȡİȚȢįȚĮįȠȤȚțȑȢijȠȡȑȢșĮĮȡȤȓȗȠȣȞ
ȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞȖȡȒȖȠȡĮIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮ , țĮȚ
ȈIJȘȞʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘĮȣIJȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮʌİȣșȣȞșİȓIJİıIJȠʌȜȘıȚȑıIJİȡȠİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠțȑȞIJȡȠIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒ-
ȡȚȟȘȢ
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȉĮțIJȚțȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘțĮȚțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢIJȘȞįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞıİȐȡȚıIJȘțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȖȚĮȝİȖȐȜȠ
ȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮȂȘȞʌȜȑȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞȂȘȤȡȘıȚ-
ȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌİȣșİȓĮȢİțIJȩȟİȣıȘȞİȡȠȪ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǐǖǗǀnjǕǒǐǖǑǐǖǑdžǒNJƾǘdžNJNjǂǗƾǔdžǔNjǝǎLj
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢįİȞİȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢȠȚȠʌȑȢǹijȒıIJİȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚțĮȣIJȩȞİȡȩȝİIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȘIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣȤȦȡȓȢțĮijȑȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮȜȣșȠȪȞȒȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȣȞșȠȪȞIJĮIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮțĮijȑȒȐȜȜȦȞĮțĮșĮȡıȚȫȞ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚ
ʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮ
87
EL
ȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠțȐșİȝȒȞİȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢIJĮȝʌȜȑIJİȢȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚ-
ıȝȩijȓȜIJȡȦȞʌȠȣįȚĮIJȓșİȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞĮȖȠȡȐĮțȠȜȠȣșȫȞIJĮȢIJȘȞİȟȒȢįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪȝȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȤȦȡȓȢțĮijȑȩIJĮȞȘȝȘȤĮȞȒİȓȞĮȚțĮȜȐȗİıIJȒ
ȝİIJȐĮʌȩIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȜİʌIJȐȗİıIJȐȝĮIJȠȢ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒțĮȚȕȐȜIJİĮʌȩțȐIJȦȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠ
ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ ȖȚĮȞĮȟİțȚȞȒıİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȞİȡȠȪ
ǻȚĮțȩȥIJİIJȘȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪțĮȚĮijȒıIJİIJȘȞIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪȞĮİȞİȡȖȒıİȚȖȚĮIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȜİʌIJȐ
ĮijȒȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȘıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȞİȡȠȪȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȖȚĮĮțȩȝĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȚȢ
İȡȖĮıȓİȢȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİȟĮȞIJȜȒıİIJİįȪȠįȠȤİȓĮȞİȡȠȪ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠțĮȚȟİʌȜȪȞIJİIJȠțĮȜȐȝİIJȠȞİȡȩIJȘȢ
ȕȡȪıȘȢ
ȈȕȒıIJİIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮțĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚIJȘȞȑįȡĮ
ıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚțȖȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪĮʌȩ
IJȠįȚȐIJȡȘIJȠįȓıțȠ
ǹȞȐȥIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȕȐȜIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚĮijȒıIJİȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚȞİȡȩȖȚĮIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ȫıIJİȞĮȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓIJȠȟȑȕȖĮȜȝĮ
ǹȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțĮșȘȝİȡȚȞȐIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒțĮijȑıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮțȐȞİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮțĮșĮȡȚ-
ıȝȠȪIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞțȐșİIJȡİȚȢȝȒȞİȢ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǚǎdžǏǂǒǕLjǍƽǕǚǎ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǾİȡȖĮıȓĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȖȓȞİȚȝİıȕȘıIJȒıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚĮijȠȪȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȩIJĮȞȘıȣıțİȣȒȑȤİȚIJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞIJȠȢ
ȆȜȪȞIJİȝİȞİȡȩțĮȚıĮʌȠȪȞȚIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȄİʌȜȪȞIJİțĮȚıțȠȣʌȓıIJİ
țĮȜȐȩȜĮIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮıIJĮșİȡȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮĮʌĮȜȩȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓȖȚĮȞĮȝȘȞțȐȞİIJİ
ȗȘȝȚȐ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓƾDžǒǂǓǖǑǐDžǐǘƿǓǗǀnjǕǒǐǖ
ȂİIJȘȤȡȒıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮıȣııȦȡİȣIJȠȪȞțĮIJĮțȐșȚĮțĮijȑıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠʌȠșȑIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
IJĮȠʌȠȓĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİȝİȝȚĮȠįȠȞIJȠȖȜȣijȓįĮǼȚțȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚȒĮijȒȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȠȞİȡȩ
ȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞʌȜȑȞİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǔǚnjƿǎǂǂǕǍǐǞ
ȂİIJȐĮʌȩțȐșİȤȡȒıȘĮijȒıIJİȞĮȕȖİȚĮIJȝȩȢȖȚĮȜȓȖĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮȫıIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİȚȘȠʌȒĮʌȩIJȣȤȩȞ
țĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǼțIJİȜȑıIJİIJȘȞİȡȖĮıȓĮĮȣIJȒȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚțȡȪȠIJȠȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJĮİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ǹȞİȓȞĮȚĮʌĮȡĮȓIJȘIJȠȟİȕȚįȫıIJİIJȠĮțȡȠijȪıȚȠĮIJȝȠȪĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚǼȚțțĮȚʌȜȪȞIJİIJȠȝİIJȡİȤȠȪȝİȞȠ
ȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢȉȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJĮȚȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓȄĮȞĮȕȚįȫıIJİIJȠĮțȡȠijȪıȚȠĮIJȝȠȪ
ȝȑȤȡȚIJȠIJȑȜȠȢIJȘȢįȚĮįȡȠȝȒȢǹȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚȟĮȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİȝȚĮȕİȜȩȞĮIJȘȞȠʌȒİȟȩįȠȣIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪǼȚț
88
EL
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǔǘƽǒǂǓNjǂNJnjdžNjǂǎƽNjNJǔǖnjnjǐDŽƿǓǔǕǂDŽǝǎǚǎ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǾİȡȖĮıȓĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȖȓȞİȚȝİıȕȘıIJȒıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚĮijȠȪȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȩIJĮȞȘıȣıțİȣȒȑȤİȚIJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞIJȠȢ
ȊʌİȞșȣȝȓȗȠȣȝİʌȦȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮįİȚȐȗİIJİțĮIJȐțĮȚȡȠȪȢIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘıȤȐȡĮIJȠʌȠșȑIJȘıȘȢijȜȚIJȗĮȞȚȠȪ-
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮʌȩIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ.ĮįİȚȐıIJİIJȠțĮȚʌȜȪȞIJİIJȠıİIJȡİȤȠȪȝİȞȠ
ȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢ
ȆȜȪȞIJİțĮȚIJȘıȤȐȡĮȖȚĮIJĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ƣƷƣƫƳƧƴƩƣƭƣƵƺƯ
ǾIJĮțIJȚțȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘțĮȚțĮșĮȡȚȩIJȘIJĮįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒıİțĮȜȒțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȖȚĮȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩ
įȚȐıIJȘȝĮȝİȚȫȞȠȞIJĮȢıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȐIJȠȞțȓȞįȣȞȠıȤȘȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪĮȜȐIJȦȞıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǹȞȩȝȦȢȝİIJȘȞʌȐȡȠ-
įȠIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐıİȚțȐʌȠȚİȢĮȞȦȝĮȜȓİȢİȟĮȚIJȓĮȢIJȘȢȤȡȒıȘȢȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮ
ıțȜȘȡȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝİȝİȖȐȜȘ ʌİȡȚİțIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮ ĮȜȐIJȦȞȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮʌȡȠȕİȓIJİıIJȘȞ ĮijĮȓȡİıȒ IJȠȣȢȫıIJİȞĮ
ĮʌȠțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİIJȘȞțĮȞȠȞȚțȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȖȚĮIJȠıțȠʌȩĮȣIJȩȑȞĮʌȡȠȧȩȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐ-
IJȦȞʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚțȚIJȡȚțȩȠȟȪȉȠʌȡȠȧȩȞĮȣIJȩʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚıIJĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȉİȤȞȚțȒȢǼȟȣʌȘȡȑIJȘıȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȅ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢįİȞĮȞĮȜĮȝȕȐȞİȚțĮȝȓĮİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȕȜȐȕİȢıIJĮİıȦIJİȡȚțȐİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘțĮȞFRPSRQHQWLĮʌȩIJȘȤȡȒıȘĮıȪȝȕĮIJȦȞʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȦȞʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤȠȣȞȤȘȝȚțȐʌȡȩıșİIJĮīȚĮ
IJȘȞįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢIJȦȞĮȜȐIJȦȞıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȣșİȓIJİIJȠȑȞIJȣʌȠȠįȘȖȚȫȞʌȠȣșĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮ
IJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢ
ƣƸƳƩƴƵƧƶƴƩƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣıIJĮȝĮIJȒıİIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮĮįİȚȐıIJİIJȠ
įȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪțĮȚIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞțĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȕȜȑʌİʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ³ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢ
IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ´
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘįȚȐȜȣıȘȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȟİȤȦȡȓıİIJİIJĮįȚȐijȠȡĮȣȜȚțȐIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢțĮȚȞĮIJĮįȚĮșȑıİIJİıȪȝijȦȞĮ
ȝİIJȚȢțİȓȝİȞİȢįȚĮIJȐȟİȚȢIJȘȢȤȫȡĮȢıĮȢ
89
EL
ƱƦƩƥƱƴƥƫƣƵƩƯƣƲƱƬƣƵƣƴƵƣƴƩƭƧƫƵƱƶƳƥƫƬƺƯƣƯƺƮƣƭƫƺƯ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȚțȫȞĮȞȦȝĮȜȚȫȞıȕȒıIJİĮȝȑıȦȢIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒțĮȚȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȆȇȅǺȁǾȂǹȉǹ ǹǿȉǿǼȈ ǻǿȅȇĬȍȉǿȀǼȈǼȆǼȂǺǹȈǼǿȈ
ǾȝȘȤĮȞȒįİȞ
ȕȖȐȗİȚĮIJȝȩ
ȉȠȞİȡȩİȓȞĮȚȜȓȖȠțĮȚȘĮȞIJȜȓĮįİȞ
IJȡĮȕȐİȚ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJȠįȠȤİȓȠİȓȞĮȚțĮȜȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠțĮȚʌȦȢȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪİȓȞĮȚ
țĮȞȠȞȚțȒ
īİȝȓıIJİȝİȞȦʌȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢȝȑȤȡȚIJȘ
ȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘʌȠȣįİȓȤȞİȚIJȠıȘȝȐįȚ³0$;´
ĭȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒİȟȩįȠȣIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİIJȘȕİȜȩȞĮIJȚȢĮțĮșĮȡıȓİȢʌȠȣ
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮijȡȐȗȠȣȞIJȚȢȠʌȑȢıIJȠıȦȜȒȞĮĮIJȝȠȪ
ȅțĮijȑȢİȓȞĮȚ
ʌȠȜȪțȡȪȠȢȒ
ʌȠȜȪ³ȞİȡȠȣȜȩȢ´
ȋȠȞIJȡĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢțĮijȑȢ īȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİʌȣțȞȩIJİȡȠțĮȚʌȚȠȗİıIJȩ
țĮijȑʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȑȞĮʌȚȠ
ȥȚȜȠțȠȝȝȑȞȠȤĮȡȝȐȞȚ
ȂʌȜȠțĮȡȚıȝȑȞȠȢ
ȝȪȜȠȢȐȜİıȘȢ
țĮijȑ
ȆȚșĮȞȒʌĮȡȠȣıȓĮĮțĮșĮȡıȚȫȞ
ĮȞȐȝİıĮıIJȠȣȢțȩțțȠȣȢIJȠȣțĮijȑ
ǺȜȑʌİʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ³ǹʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘIJȠȣȝȪȜȠȣ
ȐȜİıȘȢțĮijȑ´
ǼțȡȠȒțĮijȑ
ĮʌȩIJĮȐțȡĮ
IJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȆȚșĮȞȩȞȞĮȣʌȐȡȤİȚȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒ
ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑʌȠȣİȝʌȠįȓȗİȚIJȘ
ıȦıIJȒıȪıijȚȟȘIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘșȑıȘIJȘȢ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİ
IJȘȕȐıȘIJȘȢȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚǼȚț
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘȞįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȕȐȗȠȞIJĮȢıIJȘȞ
ȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣIJȘıȦıIJȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑ
ȀĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑıIJȘ
ijȜȐȞIJȗĮIJȘȢȑįȡĮȢİijĮȡȝȠȖȒȢIJȘȢ
ȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮȝİȝȚĮȠįȠȞIJȠȖȜȣijȓįĮȒ
ȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚǼȚț
ǼȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȘȠʌȒİțȡȠȒȢ
țĮijȑıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚIJȠȞ
ĮȜİıȝȑȞȠțĮijȑ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓ
ȘİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓ
ȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘ
ijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȝİIJȘȞțĮȡijȓIJıĮ
ʌȠȣșĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢ
ȝȚĮIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩijȓȜIJȡȦȞ
ĮțȠȜȠȣșȫȞIJĮȢIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢʌȠȣĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚ
ıIJȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮ
90
EL
ȆȇȅǺȁǾȂǹȉǹ ǹǿȉǿǼȈ ǻǿȅȇĬȍȉǿȀǼȈǼȆǼȂǺǹȈǼǿȈ
ǻİȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑ
ȒȖȓȞİIJĮȚʌȠȜȪ
ĮȡȖȐ
ĭȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢȠʌȑȢıIJȘȞȑįȡĮ
ıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢ
ĬȑıIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒȤȦȡȓȢ
ȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣĮijȒȞȠȞIJĮȢȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚIJȠ
ȞİȡȩǹȞIJȠȞİȡȩıȣȞİȤȓıİȚȞĮȝȘȞİțȡȑİȚ
ȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮĮʌȩȩȜİȢIJȚȢȠʌȑȢțĮșĮȡȓıIJİ
IJĮȐȜĮIJĮȝİIJȠʌȡȠȧȩȞ12&$/IJȘȢ$ULHWH
ʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮʌȡȠȝȘșİȣșİȓIJİıIJĮȀȑȞIJȡĮ
ȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢIJȘȢ$ULHWHțĮȚ
ĮțȠȜȠȣșȫȞIJĮȢIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢʌȠȣșĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣȢ
ǼȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȘȠʌȒİțȡȠȒȢ
țĮijȑıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚIJȠȞ
ĮȜİıȝȑȞȠțĮijȑ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓ
ȘİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓ
ȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘ
ijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȝİIJȘȞțĮȡijȓIJıĮ
ʌȠȣșĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢ
ȝȚĮIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩijȓȜIJȡȦȞ
ĮțȠȜȠȣșȫȞIJĮȢIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢʌȠȣĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚ
ıIJȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮ
ȆȠȜȪȜİʌIJȩȤĮȡȝȐȞȚĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣ
țĮijȑ
ǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȤĮȡȝȐȞȚĮțĮijȑ
ȤȠȞIJȡȩIJİȡȠȣȢțȩțțȠȣȢ
ȆȠȜȪʌȚİıȝȑȞȠȤĮȡȝȐȞȚțĮijȑ ȆȚȑıIJİȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠIJȠȞțĮijȑȝİIJȠʌȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚ
ȉȠįȠȤİȓȠįİȞİȓȞĮȚțĮȜȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠ
ȍșȒıIJİIJȠIJȑȡȝĮıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣ
ȉȠȞİȡȩİȓȞĮȚȜȓȖȠțĮȚȘĮȞIJȜȓĮįİȞ
IJȡĮȕȐİȚ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJȠįȠȤİȓȠİȓȞĮȚțĮȜȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠțĮȚʌȦȢȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪİȓȞĮȚ
țĮȞȠȞȚțȒīİȝȓıIJİȝİȞȦʌȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢ
ȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘʌȠȣįİȓȤȞİȚIJȠıȘȝȐįȚ
³0$;´
91
RU
ǿǼDzdzǾǴǮǻǶdzDzǮǻǻǼǷǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶǶ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ
ɡɚɳɢɬɨɣɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢ ɦɟɪɚɦɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɢɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɜɦ ɢ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟȿɫɥɢɜɵɪɟɲɢɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɪɭɤɢɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɟ-
ɪɟɞɚɬɶɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɷɬɭɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢɨɛɨɡɧɚ-
ɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
Ɇɟɪɵ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ
ɨɠɨɝɨɜ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦ ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɦɚ-
ɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ɍɝɪɨɡɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɚɹ
ɢɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶdzǽǼǻǮǵǻǮȅdzǻǶȌ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɦɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟɢɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɨ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɟɞɨɥɠɟɧɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹɜɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯɰɟɥɹɯ
Ʌɸɛɨɣɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬɟɝɨ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɪɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɜɥɟɱɟɬɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɨɬɦɟɧɭɥɸɛɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
ǼǿȀǮȀǼȅǻȉdzǾǶǿǸǶ
ȼɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɧɟɜɯɨɞɹɬ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɡɚɳɢɬɵɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɨɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɵɦɜɵɯɨɞɨɦɫɬɪɭɢ
ɩɚɪɚɢɥɢɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ±ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɚɪɚɢɥɢɜɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɹɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɧɟɪɟɤɨ-
ɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɬɪɭɸɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɫɟɛɹɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɥɸɞɟɣɊɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɛɪɚɬɶɫɹɢɫɤɥɸɱɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɡɚɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸɱɚɫɬɶɬɪɭɛɤɢ
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɺɦɤɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵɢɡɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɩɪɨ-
ɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ǽǾǮǰǶǹǮȀdzȃǻǶǸǶǯdzǵǼǽǮǿǻǼǿȀǶ
ɊɀɋɀȿɊɀɋȽɖɇɃɌɊɉɆɗɂɉȽȻɈɃɀɇɊɋɃȼɉɋȻɈɀɉȼɐɉȿɃɇɉȽɈɃɇȻ-
ɍɀɆɗɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɍɗɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɎəɃɈɌɍɋɎɅɑɃə
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɢɥɢɩɨɯɨ-
ɠɢɯɧɚɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɟɤɚɤɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɡɨɧɚɯɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɡɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨ-
ɧɚɥɚɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɜɜɨɮɢɫɚɯɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ
ɧɚɮɟɪɦɚɯ
ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɵɦɨɬɟɥɢɦɢɧɢɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɵɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɥɵɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶ-
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɝɨɫɬɹɦɢ
92
RU
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɜɰɟɥɹɯɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɦɪɭɤɨ-
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɬɤɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɟɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɣɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɩɪɢɟɝɨɨɬɫɵɥɤɟɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪ-
ɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȒșȭȒȓȠȓȗ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɦɨɝɭɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɟɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬ ɢɥɢɰɚɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɦɢɢɥɢɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɥɢɛɨɛɟɡɞɨ-
ɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɨɩɵɬɚɢɥɢɡɧɚɧɢɣɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɨɦɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɡɚ
ɢɯɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɥɢɰɚɢɥɢɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɢ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɨɛɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɣɫɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɞɟɬɹɦɢɝɪɚɬɶɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
Ⱦɟɬɢɧɟɞɨɥɠɧɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ
ɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɛɟɡɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɫɪɨɤɚɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɹɯɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɫɞɟɥɚɜɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɧɟɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɩɨ-
ɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɝɪɭɲɤɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɭɥɚɜɤɭɞɥɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɜɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣɦɟɫɬɚɯɢɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ
ɟɟɜɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɝɥɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹɢɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
Ⱦɟɪɠɚɬɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɜɞɚɥɢɨɬɞɟɬɟɣɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɤɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɱɬɨɛɵ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɜɧɢɠɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨ-
ɜɚɥɨɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣɫɟɬɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɟɣɧɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɜɥɟɱɶɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɢɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
ɉɪɟɠɞɟɱɟɦɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɬɶɤɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɟɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɛɚɤɚɜɨɞɨɣɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɬɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɲɧɭɪɚɨɧɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɟɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ-
ɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɢɥɢɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨ-
ɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɚɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ɂɡɛɟɝɚɣɬɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫɜɨɞɨɣɞɟɬɚɥɟɣɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɞɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦɜɨɡ-
ɦɨɠɧɨɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ
93
RU
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɧɭɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɛɚɤɚɜɨɞɨɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɜɵɧɭɬɶ
ɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ȁȑȞȜȕȎȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȡȧȓȞȏȎȐȩȕȐȎțțȎȭȖțȩȚȖ
ȝȞȖȥȖțȎȚȖ
ɇɟɥɶɡɹɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɬɶɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɞɟɪɠɚɟɝɨɡɚɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɢɥɢɡɚɜɚɧɧɨɱɤɭ
ɚɬɨɥɶɤɨɡɚɤɨɪɩɭɫ
Ⱦɥɹɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɟɝɞɚɜɵɛɢɪɚɣɬɟɯɨ-
ɪɨɲɨɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɟɢɱɢɫɬɨɟɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɨɣɪɚɫɩɨ-
ɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟ
ɇɟɧɚɥɢɜɚɬɶɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɨɞɵɜɛɚɤ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɟɝɨɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɬɨɨɧɧɟɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚ-
ɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɥɢɭɬɟɱɤɢɜɨɞɵɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣ-
ɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɲɧɭɪɟɢɥɢɜɢɥɤɟɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɫɚɦɨɦ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ Ʌɸɛɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɡɚɦɟɧɭ ɲɧɭɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯȺɪɢɷɬɟɢɥɢɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɰɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ$ULHWHɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ǺȓȞȩȏȓȕȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȖȝȜȝȞȓȒȜȠȐȞȎȧȓțȖȬȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɫɬɪɭɸɩɚɪɚɢɥɢɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɱɚɫɬɟɣɬɟɥɚɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢɫɬɪɭɛ-
ɤɨɣɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɢɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɤɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɦɦɟ-
ɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɱɚɫɬɹɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɫɚɦɨɝɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ȼɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɟɜɨɞɵɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨɡɚɤɭɩɨɪɤɨɣ
ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɟȼɷɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɧɭɬɶɚɡɚɬɟɦɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨ-
ɠɟɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝɉɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɪɭɤɨ-
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɹɫɶɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪ-
țȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɨɩɪɨɤɢɞɵɜɚɧɢɹɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɪɨɜɧɨɣ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɛɟɡɜɨɞɵɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɜɵɯɨɞɚɢɡɫɬɪɨɹ
ɧɚɫɨɫɚ
94
RU
ɇɟɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɛɚɤɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɢɥɢɤɢɩɹɬɤɨɦ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɟɝɨ
ɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɪɹɞɨɦɫɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢɨɝɧɹ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨ-
ɫɬɹɦɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɜɨɞɭɫɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨɝɚɡɚ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɡɚɫɵɩɚɬɶɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɥɸɛɵɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɤɪɨɦɟɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨ
ɤɨɮɟɗɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɢ
ɇɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɩɨɦɨɥɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɤɨɮɟɦɨɥɤɢɄɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɨɡɚɫɵɩɚɬɶɜɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɞɥɹɤɨɮɟɦɨɥɨɬɵɣɤɨɮɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬ-
ɫɹɡɚɫɵɩɚɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɨɮɟɜɡɟɪɧɚɯɆɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚ
ɞɥɹɤɨɮɟɜɡɟɪɧɚɯɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɝ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɦɚɲɢɧɭɜɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢɝɞɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵ
ɦɨɠɟɬɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɫɹɧɢɠɟ&ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɜɨɞɵɜɛɨɣɥɟɪɟɦɨɝɭɬɡɚ-
ɦɟɪɡɧɭɬɶɢɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
ɞɨɠɞɶɫɨɥɧɰɟɢɬɞ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɜɢɥɤɢɨɬɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɢɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢ-
ɛɨɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɟɝɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɥɟɝɤɚɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɧɨɣ
ɦɹɝɤɨɣɬɤɚɧɢɫɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɨɸɳɟ-
ɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɧɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɜɪɟ-
ɞɢɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢ
ȃȞȎțȖȠȪțȎȟȠȜȭȧȓȓȞȡȘȜȐȜȒȟȠȐȜȝȜȫȘȟȝșȡȎȠȎȤȖȖ
95
RU
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdzǸǼǺǽǼǻdzǻȀǼǰ
$ ȼɨɞɹɧɨɣɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ
% Ɍɪɭɛɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
&Ɏɨɪɫɭɧɤɚɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɚɪɚ
'Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɤɨɮɟ
( ɇɨɫɢɤɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟ
) Ⱦɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
*Ɍɟɦɩɟɪ
+Ȼɭɥɚɜɤɚɞɥɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
, Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
- Ɋɟɲɟɬɤɚɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɤ
. ɉɨɞɞɨɧ
/ Ʉɨɮɟɦɨɥɤɚ
0Ʉɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɞɥɹɤɨɮɟɜɡɟɪɧɚɯ
1Ʉɪɵɲɤɚɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɞɥɹɤɨɮɟ
2Ɋɵɱɚɝɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɞɥɹɤɨɮɟ
3 Ʉɪɵɲɤɚɛɚɤɚ
4Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
5Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟɫɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ
6 Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɫɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ
7 Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɚɪɚɫɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ
ǶȒȓțȠȖȢȖȘȎȤȖȜțțȩȓȒȎțțȩȓ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɣɫɹɩɨɞɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɭɤɚɡɚɧɵɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚȿɋ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ0RG
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣʋ61
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟȼɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ:
ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɚɹɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɚɹɫɥɭɠɛɚɬɟɯɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɉɪɢɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢɡɚɹɜɤɢɜȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶȍǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ǽȜȒȑȜȠȜȐȘȎȘȫȘȟȝșȡȎȠȎȤȖȖ
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɜɫɟɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɪɨɜɧɭɸɢɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚȼɵɦɵɬɶɛɚɤɩɟɪɟɞɩɟɪɜɵɦɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɫɜɟɠɟɣɢɧɚɬɭ-
ɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɢɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɧɚɦɟɫɬɨɊɢɫɑɬɨɛɵɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸɪɚɛɨɬɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɯɨɪɨɲɨɩɪɢɠɦɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ
Ȼɚɤɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɧɚɥɢɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɭ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɧɹɜ
ɤɪɵɲɤɭɊɢɫ
ɉɨɦɨɣɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪ'ɢɤɪɵɲɤɭɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɞɥɹɤɨɮɟ
ǽȓȞȐȜȓȐȘșȬȥȓțȖȓ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɜɚɲɟɣɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣɫɟɬɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦɭɧɚ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɫɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɞɚɧɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɢɥɢɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɹɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɚɬɶɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɨɞɧɭɱɚɲ-
ɤɭɜɨɞɵɢɡɝɧɟɡɞɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɫɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɟɝɨɝɧɟɡɞɨɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɹɧɢɨɞɢɧɢɡɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ
96
RU
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɱɧɟɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɑɟɪɟɡɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɦɢɧɭɬ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟ
ɧɚɱɧɟɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ
ɛɨɣɥɟɪɝɨɬɨɜɤɩɨɞɚɱɟɤɨɮɟ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɢɩɨɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɊɢɫ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟɊɢɫɢɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟɧɚɠɚɬɨɣɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ4Ɋɢɫ
Ⱦɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶɤɨɝɞɚɢɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɚɪɚɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɜɨɞɚɩɨɫɥɟɱɟɝɨɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ4
ɂɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ)ɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɜɨɞɚɬɟɩɟɪɶɫɧɨɜɚɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟɊɢɫ
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɝɨɬɨɜɤɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɸɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ɋɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɮɠɭɬɺ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɺɭɷ ɸɭɮ ɩɪɠɫɛɱɣɹ ɪɫɣ ɥɛɡɟɩɧ ɝɥɦɹɲɠɨɣɣ ɧɛɳɣɨɶ ɪɩɬɦɠ ɨɠɬɥɩɦɷɥɣɰ
ɟɨɠɤɪɫɩɬɭɩɺ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǹdzǻǶdzǸǼȂdz
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɵɜɛɚɤɟ$ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɛɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɜɝɧɟɡɞɨȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɜɞɟɪ-
ɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ)ɮɢɥɶɬɪ'
ɇɚɫɵɩɶɬɟɤɨɮɟɜɡɟɪɧɚɯɜɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɞɥɹɤɨɮɟɜɡɟɪɧɚɯɊɢɫɇɟɡɚɫɵɩɚɣɬɟɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟ-
ɫɬɜɨɤɨɮɟɜɡɟɪɧɚɯɄɪɵɲɤɚɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɞɥɹɤɨɮɟɞɨɥɠɧɚɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɟ
ɀɬɦɣɥɛɡɟɶɤɫɛɢɢɛɬɶɪɛɭɷɨɠɜɩɦɷɳɩɠɥɩɦɣɲɠɬɭɝɩɥɩɯɠɝɢɠɫɨɛɰɝɶɬɧɩɡɠɭɠɨɛɬɦɛɡɟɛɭɷɬɺɝɬɠɞ-
ɟɛɬɝɠɡɠɤɥɩɯɠɤɨɩɤɬɧɠɬɷɹ
Ʌɛɭɠɞɩɫɣɲɠɬɥɣɢɛɪɫɠɴɠɨɩɢɛɬɶɪɛɭɷɧɩɦɩɭɶɤɥɩɯɠɝɥɩɨɭɠɤɨɠɫɟɦɺɥɩɯɠɝɢɠɫɨɛɰ0
ǾȓȑȡșȖȞȜȐȘȎȟȠȓȝȓțȖȝȜȚȜșȎ
Ʉɨɮɟɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɩɟɪɟɦɨɥɨɬɛɨɥɟɟɢɥɢɦɟɧɟɟɦɟɥɤɨɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɩɨɦɨɥɚ
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶɩɨɦɨɥɚɜɥɢɹɟɬɧɚɫɢɥɭɜɤɭɫɚɤɨɮɟɢɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɪɟɦɨɜɨɣɩɟɧɤɢȼɵɦɨɠɟɬɟɩɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶɜɚɪɶɢɪɨ-
ɜɚɬɶɷɬɨɬɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɱɬɨɛɵɧɚɣɬɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɭɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɜɚɲɢɦɜɤɭɫɨɜɵɦɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹɦ
ɇɚɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɟɞɥɹɤɨɮɟɜɡɟɪɧɚɯɢɦɟɟɬɫɹɲɤɚɥɚɨɬɞɨȻɨɥɶɲɢɟɧɨɦɟɪɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬɛɨɥɟɟ
ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɭɩɨɦɨɥɭɆɟɧɶɲɢɟɧɨɦɟɪɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬɛɨɥɟɟɦɟɥɤɨɦɭɩɨɦɨɥɭɉɨɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ
ɤɨɮɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸɩɨɦɨɥɚɁɚɬɟɦɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɣɬɟɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɩɨɦɨɥɚɱɬɨɛɵɧɚɣɬɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɜɚɲɢɦɜɤɭɫɨɜɵɦɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹɦ
ɑɬɨɛɵɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɩɨɦɨɥɚɤɨɮɟɦɟɥɤɚɹɢɥɢɤɪɭɩɧɚɹɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɫɬɶɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɜɧɢɡɪɵɱɚɝ
ɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ2ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɞɥɹɤɨɮɟɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɞɥɹɤɨɮɟɩɨɱɚɫɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɟɥɤɟɟɫɥɢɜɵ
ɠɟɥɚɟɬɟɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶɦɟɥɤɭɸɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɫɬɶɢɥɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɱɚɫɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɟɥɤɢɟɫɥɢɜɵɠɟɥɚɟɬɟɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶɛɨɥɟɟ
ɤɪɭɩɧɭɸɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɫɬɶɊɢɫ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɗɬɚɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɪɢɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣɤɨɮɟɦɨɥɤɟ
ɗɬɚɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɫɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɤɪɵɲɤɨɣɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɞɥɹɤɨɮɟ3
ǽȜȒȎȥȎȘȜȢȓ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɱɧɟɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɤɨɮɟ
ɧɚɱɧɟɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣɛɨɣɥɟɪɝɨɬɨɜɤɩɨɞɚɱɟɤɨɮɟ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɞɤɨɮɟɦɨɥɤɭɊɢɫȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɤɪɵɥɵɲɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜ
ɨɩɨɪɭɩɨɞɤɨɮɟɦɨɥɤɨɣɉɨɫɥɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɩɪɢɠɚɬɢɹɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ)ɤɨɩɨɪɟɩɨɞɤɨɮɟɦɨɥɤɨɣɢɡ
ɧɟɟɛɭɞɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɦɨɥɨɬɵɣɤɨɮɟɄɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɜɥɢɹɟɬɧɚɫɢɥɭɜɤɭɫɚɤɨɮɟɢɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɤɪɟɦɨɜɨɣɩɟɧɤɢ
ɇɩɦɩɭɶɤɥɩɯɠɝɟɠɫɡɛɭɠɦɠɯɣɦɷɭɫɛɟɩɦɡɠɨɜɶɭɷɬɪɫɠɬɬɩɝɛɨɬɪɩɧɩɴɷɹɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɋɣɬ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɫɜɨɟɦɟɫɬɨ
97
RU
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɪɨɱɧɨɡɚɜɢɧɬɢɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɢɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɱɬɨɨɧɯɨɪɨɲɨɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɜɨɮɥɚɧɰɟɊɢɫ
ȿɫɥɢɜɵɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɤɨɥɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɜɨɜɧɭɬɪɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɨ-
ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɦɨɠɟɬɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɢɬɶɫɹɢɢɥɢɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚɭɬɟɱɤɚɜɨɞɵɢɡɮɢɥɶ-
ɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɞɭɟɬɶɫɹɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɫɜɨɺɦɦɟɫɬɟɧɚɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɦɢɧɭɬɩɟɪɟɞɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢ-
ɟɦɤɨɮɟɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɱɬɨɛɵɨɧɛɵɥɝɨɪɹɱɢɦɗɬɨɧɟɧɚɞɨɛɭɞɟɬɩɪɨɞɟɥɵɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨɤɨɮɟ
Ʉɨɝɞɚɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟ
ɧɚɱɧɟɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɢɛɭɞɟɬɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟ ɱɬɨɛɵɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɤɨɮɟɊɢɫ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɨɞɚɱɢɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟ
ɦɢɝɚɟɬ
ɑɬɨɛɵɩɪɟɪɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɫɧɨɜɚɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ʉɚɤɢɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɮɟɦɚɲɢɧɚɯɧɟɫɧɢɦɚɣɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɤɨɝɞɚɤɧɨɩɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɨɤɨɥɨɞɟɫɹɬɢɫɟɤɭɧɞɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɫɧɹɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɩɨɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɤɨɮɟɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɫɧɹɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɟɝɨɫɩɪɚɜɚɧɚɥɟɜɨɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɛɪɵɡɝɨɜɜɨɞɵɢɥɢɤɨɮɟ
Ɍɲɣɭɛɠɭɷɬɺɝɪɩɦɨɠɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɶɧɺɝɦɠɨɣɠɥɩɞɟɛɝɪɫɩɱɠɬɬɠɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɩɜɨɛɫɮɡɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺɧɛɦɠɨɷ-
ɥɣɠɝɶɜɫɩɬɶɪɛɫɛɣɢɯɣɦɷɭɫɩɟɠɫɡɛɭɠɦɺ
ǶȕȐșȓȥȓțȖȓȢȖșȪȠȞȎ
ɑɬɨɛɵɢɡɜɥɟɱɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɩɪɨɬɢɜɱɚɫɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɟɥɤɢɊɢɫ
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪ
ȂȡțȘȤȖȭȎȐȠȜȚȎȠȖȥȓȟȘȜȑȜȐȩȘșȬȥȓțȖȭ
ɗɬɚɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɚɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɧɨɜɵɦɢɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ
ɷɧɟɪɝɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹȿɫɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɛɵɥɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦɢɧɭɬɬɨɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚ-
ɟɬɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɜɬɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɑɬɨɛɵɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɧɨɜɵɣɤɨɮɟɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɫɧɨɜɚɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭ
ɧɚɠɚɜɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ Ⱦɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɩɨɤɚ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟ ɧɚɱɧɟɬɝɨɪɟɬɶ
ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɤɨɮɟ
ǻȎȝȜșțȓțȖȓȏȎȘȎȐȜȒȜȗȐȝȞȜȤȓȟȟȓȝȞȖȚȓțȓțȖȭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɵɜɛɚɤɟɉɪɢɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢɜɨɞɵɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɹɢɛɨɥɟɟɫɢɥɶɧɵɣɲɭɦ
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɨɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɢɫɧɨɜɚɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǹdzǻǶdzǸǮǽȁȅǶǻǼ
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɤɨɮɟɉɟɪɟɞɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɚɪɚɞɥɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɚɪɚɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɫɧɹɬɢɡɝɧɟɡɞɚ
ɑɬɨɛɵɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɨɝɨɪɹɱɢɣɲɨɤɨɥɚɞɢɥɢɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɬɶɥɸɛɨɣɞɪɭɝɨɣɧɚɩɢɬɨɤɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɤɧɨɩɤɭɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɚɪɚ ɱɬɨɛɵɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɩɚɪɚɊɢɫ
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɚɪɚ
ɧɚɱɧɟɬɦɢɝɚɬɶɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɹɱɬɨɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣɤɨɬɟɥɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɧɚɝɪɟɜ
ɬɲɣɭɛɠɭɷɬɺɝɪɩɦɨɠɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɶɧɺɝɦɠɨɣɠɥɩɞɟɛɝɪɫɩɱɠɬɬɠɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɩɜɨɛɫɮɡɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺɧɛɦɠɨɷ-
ɥɣɠɝɶɜɫɩɬɶɪɛɫɛɣɢɯɣɦɷɭɫɩɟɠɫɡɛɭɠɦɺ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɚɪɚɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɫɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɞɥɹɜɫɩɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɊɢɫ
98
RU
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜȻɟɪɢɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɚɪɚɬɨɥɶɤɨɡɚɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɸɱɚɫɬɶ
Ʉɨɝɞɚɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɚɪɚ
ɧɚɱɧɟɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ4
ɱɬɨɛɵɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɨɞɚɱɢɊɢɫ
ɉɨɝɪɭɡɢɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɚɪɚɜɦɨɥɨɤɨɞɨɞɧɚɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ4ɱɟɪɟɡɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɟɤɭɧɞɜɵ
ɭɜɢɞɢɬɟɤɚɤɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɝɭɫɬɚɹɢɤɪɟɦɨɜɚɹɩɟɧɤɚ
ɑɬɨɛɵɩɪɟɪɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɨɪɚɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ4
Ɋɩɬɦɠɥɛɡɟɩɞɩɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɝɶɪɩɦɨɺɤɭɠɪɩɟɛɲɮɪɛɫɛɟɦɣɭɠɦɷɨɩɬɭɷɹɨɠɬɥɩɦɷɥɩɬɠɥɮɨɟɲɭɩ-
ɜɶɩɬɝɩɜɩɟɣɭɷɩɭɝɠɫɬɭɣɠɯɩɫɬɮɨɥɣɝɶɰɩɟɛɪɛɫɛɩɭɝɩɢɧɩɡɨɶɰɩɬɭɛɭɥɩɝɧɩɦɩɥɛ
ɑɬɨɛɵɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɩɚɪɚɫɧɨɜɚɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɚɪɚ Ɇɚɲɢɧɚɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɬɤɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟ
ǽǼǰȀǼǾǻǼdzǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶdzDzǹȍǸǼȂdz
ɑɬɨɛɵɩɟɪɟɣɬɢɨɬɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɤɩɨɞɚɱɟɤɨɮɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɶɛɨɣɥɟɪ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɊɢɫ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟ ɢɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟɧɚɠɚɬɨɣɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ4ɱɬɨɛɵɜɵɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ
ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣɩɚɪɢɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɶɛɨɣɥɟɪ
Ⱦɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶɩɨɤɚɢɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɚɪɚɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɜɨɞɚ
ɉɪɟɠɞɟɱɟɦɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶɩɨɤɚɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟ ɧɚɱɧɟɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɧɟ-
ɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ
ǾdzǸǼǺdzǻDzǮȄǶǶǽǼǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǹdzǻǶȌǻǮǿȀǼȍȇdzDZǼȋǿǽǾdzǿǿǼ
ǽǼǶȀǮǹȊȍǻǿǸǶ
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶɩɨɦɨɥɚɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɤɚɤɨɮɟɣɧɨɣɫɦɟɫɢɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɞɥɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɢɜɨɞɵɢɦɟɸɬɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɧɚɫɢɥɭɜɤɭɫɚɤɨɮɟɢɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɪɟɦɨɜɨɣɩɟɧɤɢȼɵɦɨɠɟɬɟ
ɩɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɨɞɢɧɢɥɢɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɢɡɷɬɢɯɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜɱɬɨɛɵɧɚɣɬɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɭɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɜɚɲɢɦɜɤɭɫɨɜɵɦɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹɦ
ȿɫɥɢɜɵɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɛɨɥɟɟɦɟɥɤɢɣɩɨɦɨɥɬɨɩɨɦɧɢɬɟɱɬɨɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɫɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɨɦɜɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɤɨɮɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɥɭ-
ɱɢɬɶɫɹɜɨɞɹɧɢɫɬɵɦɂɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬɟɫɥɢɩɨɦɨɥɝɪɭɛɵɣɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟ-
ɥɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɫɢɥɶɧɟɟɫɩɪɟɫɫɭɣɬɟɤɨɮɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɨɦ
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɥɟɝɤɚɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɶɦɨɥɨɬɵɣɤɨɮɟɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɏɪɚɧɢɬɟɤɨɮɟɜɡɟɪɧɚɯɜɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣɛɚɧɤɟɜɩɪɨɯɥɚɞɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶɸɉɪɢɜɨɡɦɨɠ-
ɧɨɫɬɢɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɤɨɮɟɜɜɚɤɭɭɦɟɉɨɤɭɩɚɣɬɟɤɨɮɟɜɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɯɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚɯɱɬɨɛɵɢɦɟɬɶɜɫɟɝɞɚɫɜɟɠɢɣ
ɤɨɮɟɞɥɹɩɨɦɨɥɚ
ǼǯǿǹȁǴǶǰǮǻǶdzǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
ǾȎȕȏșȜȘȖȞȜȐȘȎȘȜȢȓȚȜșȘȖ
ȿɫɥɢɤɨɮɟɦɨɥɤɚɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɤɧɨɩɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɧɟɬɦɢɝɚɬɶɫɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦɜɦɢɧɭɬɭɉɪɢ-
ɱɢɧɨɣɷɬɨɝɨɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɪɟɞɢɤɨɮɟɣɧɵɯɡɟɪɟɧɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɚɢɥɢɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ
ɤɚɦɟɲɤɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɠɟɪɧɨɜɚ
Ɉɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɨɬɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɜɧɢɡɪɵɱɚɝɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ2ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɞɥɹɤɨɮɟɜɡɟɪɧɚɯ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɞɥɹɤɨɮɟɜɡɟɪɧɚɯ0ɞɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣɧɚɧɟɦɫɢɦɜɨɥ
ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬɫɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦɧɚɦɚɲɢɧɟɊɢɫɁɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɟɠɟɪɧɨɜɚɭɩɚɞɭɬɜɤɚɧɚɥ
ɞɥɹɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɞɤɨɮɟɦɨɥɤɭɊɢɫȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɤɪɵɥɵɲɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜ
ɨɩɨɪɭɩɨɞɤɨɮɟɦɨɥɤɨɣɉɪɢɠɦɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ)ɤɨɩɨɪɟɩɨɞɤɨɮɟɦɨɥɤɨɣ
ɉɨɡɜɨɥɶɬɟɦɨɥɨɬɨɦɭɤɨɮɟɭɩɚɫɬɶɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚȼɵɛɪɨɫɶɬɟɦɨɥɨɬɵɣɤɨɮɟɱɬɨɛɵɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ
99
RU
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɩɨɦɨɥɚ
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɤɨɮɟ
ȿɫɥɢɩɨɫɥɟɬɪɟɯɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɩɵɬɨɤɤɨɮɟɦɨɥɤɚɧɟɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹɢɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢ , ɢ ɧɚɱɧɭɬɛɵɫɬɪɨɦɢɝɚɬɶ
ȼɬɚɤɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹɜɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɰɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ǼȅǶǿȀǸǮǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɪɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɢɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭ-
ɟɬɫɹɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɟɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ
ɦɵɬɶɟɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟɇɟɥɶɡɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɹɦɵɟɫɬɪɭɢɜɨɞɵ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȢȖșȪȠȞȎȒșȭȚȜșȜȠȜȑȜȘȜȢȓ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɧɟɡɚɤɭɩɨɪɟɧɵɉɨɞɚɣɬɟɝɨɪɹɱɭɸɜɨɞɭɱɟɪɟɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɛɟɡɤɨɮɟɣ-
ɧɨɣɫɦɟɫɢɱɬɨɛɵɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɶɢɥɢɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɤɨɮɟɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɧɹɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨ-
ɜɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɤɚɠɞɵɟɦɟɫɹɰɚɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹɜɩɪɨɞɚɠɟɬɚɛɥɟɬ-
ɤɢɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɱɢɫɬɹɳɭɸɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɛɟɡɤɨɮɟɤɨɝɞɚɦɚɲɢɧɚɯɨɪɨɲɨɧɚɝɪɟɬɚɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɩɨɫɥɟ
ɦɢɧɭɬɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɉɪɢɤɪɟɩɢɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɢɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɩɨɞɧɢɦɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɤɨɮɟ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟ ɱɬɨɛɵɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɜɨɞɵ
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɜɨɞɵɫɨɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɦɜɦɚɲɢɧɭɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭ
ɞɥɹɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯɨɬɹɛɵɧɚɦɢɧɭɬ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɩɨɞɚɱɢɜɨɞɵɈɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɜɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɩɨɤɨɹɧɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɉɨɜɬɨɪɹɣɬɟɨɩɟɪɚ-
ɰɢɢɞɨɢɡɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɜɭɯɛɚɤɨɜɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ
ȼɵɧɭɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɢɡɦɚɲɢɧɵɢɯɨɪɨɲɨɩɪɨɦɵɬɶɟɝɨɢɡɩɨɞɤɪɚɧɚɫɬɪɭɺɣɜɨɞɵ
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɦɚɲɢɧɭɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɢɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɝɭɛ-
ɤɢɝɧɟɡɞɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɞɥɹɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɤɨɮɟɧɚɥɟɣɤɟ
ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɢɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɞɚɬɶɜɵɬɟɱɶɟɳɟɯɨɬɹɛɵɞɜɭɦɱɚɲɤɚɦɜɨɞɵ
ɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɪɨɦɵɬɶɟɝɨ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɤɚɠɞɵɣɞɟɧɶɬɨɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɩɨɱɢɫɬɤɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɬɶɤɚɠɞɵɟɬɪɢɦɟɫɹɰɚ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȥȎȟȠȓȗȝȞȖȏȜȞȎ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɥɠɧɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶɧɚɹɜɢɥɤɚɨɬɫɨɟɞɢ-
ɧɟɧɚɨɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɥɠɧɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɬɨɝɞɚɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɞɨɫɬɢɝɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɨɤɪɭɠɚ-
ɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵ
ɉɨɦɨɣɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɫɦɨɸɳɢɦɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɈɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɢ
ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɵɫɭɲɢɬɟɜɫɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɢɬɟɱɢɫɬɤɭɧɟɫɴɟɦɧɵɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɦɹɝɤɨɣɭɜɥɚɠɟɧɧɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɢɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ
100
RU
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȑțȓȕȒȎȒȓȞȔȎȠȓșȭȢȖșȪȠȞȎ
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦɜɝɧɟɡɞɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɝɭɬɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɤɨɮɟɤɨ-
ɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɠɧɨɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɝɭɛɤɢɊɢɫɢɥɢɩɭɬɟɦɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹɜɨɞɵɛɟɡɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ-
ɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɟɦɨɣɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȠȞȡȏȘȖȝȜȒȎȥȖȝȎȞȎ
ɉɨɫɥɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɩɚɪɚɞɥɹɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹɨɬɜɟɪ-
ɫɬɢɹɨɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɤɨɮɟ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜɞɚɧɧɭɸɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɩɪɢɨɯɥɚɠ-
ɞɟɧɧɨɣɯɪɨɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɬɪɭɛɤɟ
ȿɫɥɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɜɢɧɬɢɬɟɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɭɩɚɪɚɫɬɪɭɛɤɢɊɢɫ ɢɩɨɦɨɣɬɟɟɟɩɨɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣ
Ɍɪɭɛɤɭɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɨɬɢɪɚɬɶɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɬɪɹɩɤɨɣɇɚɜɢɧɬɢɬɟɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɭɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɚɪɚɞɨɭɩɨɪɚȿɫɥɢɧɟ-
ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɛɭɥɚɜɤɢɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɚɪɚɊɢɫ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȞȓȦȮȠȘȖȖȝȜȒȒȜțȎ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɥɠɧɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶɧɚɹɜɢɥɤɚɨɬɫɨɟɞɢ-
ɧɟɧɚɨɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɥɠɧɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɬɨɝɞɚɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɞɨɫɬɢɝɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɨɤɪɭɠɚ-
ɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵ
ɉɨɦɧɢɬɟɨɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɨɩɭɫɬɨɲɚɬɶɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɚɩɟɥɶ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɪɟɲɟɬɤɭɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢ-
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɚɩɟɥɶ.ɫɦɚɲɢɧɵɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɬɟɟɝɨɢɩɪɨɦɨɣɬɟɩɨɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣ
Ɍɚɤɠɟɩɨɦɨɣɬɟɪɟɲɟɬɤɭɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɤ
ȁDzǮǹdzǻǶdzǻǮǸǶǽǶ
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɢɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɚɹɱɢɫɬɤɚɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɟɝɨɨɬɜɨɡɧɢɤ-
ɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɫɧɢɠɚɹɞɨɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣɪɢɫɤɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɨɝɨɧɚɥɟɬɚȿɫɥɢɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚ
ɷɬɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɱɟɪɟɡɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨɢɫ-
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɠɟɫɬɤɨɣɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɨɞɵɬɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɫɬɪɨɣ-
ɫɬɜɚɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɤɢɩɢɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɗɬɨ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɧɟɫɟɬɧɢɤɚɤɨɣɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɡɚɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɜɜɢɞɭɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɜɧɢɯɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɞɨɛɚɜɨɤȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹɫɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɟɣɩɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɞɥɹɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ǰȉǰǼDzǶǵȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ɑɬɨɛɵɜɵɜɟɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɡɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶɧɭɸɜɢɥɤɭɨɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɬɶɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɬɶɢɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɚɩɟɥɶɫɦɩɚɪɚ-
ɝɪɚɮ³Ɉɱɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ´
ɉɟɪɟɞɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɪɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɜɢɞɚɦɢɦɚɬɟ-
ɪɢɚɥɨɜɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɢɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɚɡɚɬɟɦɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɬɶɤɟɝɨɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɹɫɶ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɚɤɬɨɜɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯɜɫɬɪɚɧɟɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
101
RU
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȁǿȀǾǮǻdzǻǶȌǻdzǸǼȀǼǾȉȃǻdzǽǼǹǮDzǼǸ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɧɟɩɨɥɚɞɨɤɜɪɚɛɨɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɟɝɨɢɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟ
ɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶɧɭɸɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕ ɉɊɂɑɂɇɕ ɋɉɈɋɈȻɕɍɋɌɊȺɇȿɇɂə
ɂɡɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟ
ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɩɚɪ
ȼɧɟɦɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɵɢɧɚɫɨɫɧɟ
ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɬ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ
ɢɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɵɜɧɟɦ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɫɜɟɠɟɣɜɨɞɨɣ
ɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ0$;
Ɉɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɚɪɚ
ɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɨ
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɣɢɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɤɢɩɢɜɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɯɬɪɭɛɤɢ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
Ʉɨɮɟɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɜɨɞɹɧɢɫɬɵɦɢ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɦ
Ʉɨɮɟɣɧɚɹɫɦɟɫɶɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨɩɨɦɨɥɚ
Ⱦɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɟɟɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɢɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨɤɨɮɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɫɦɟɫɶɛɨɥɟɟɬɨɧɤɨɝɨɩɨɦɨɥɚ
Ʉɨɮɟɦɨɥɤɚ
ɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ
ɜɤɨɮɟɣɧɵɯɛɨɛɚɯ
ɋɦɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ³Ɋɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚɤɨɮɟɦɨɥɤɢ´
ȼɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɮɟɡɚɤɪɚɹ
ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɧɚɫɵɩɚɥɢɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɦɧɨɝɨɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɱɬɨɧɟ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨɩɪɢɠɚɬɶɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ
ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɟɝɨɝɧɟɡɞɟ
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɝɧɟɡɞɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɝɭɛɤɨɣɊɢɫɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɧɚɫɵɩɚɜɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɮɟ
ɇɚɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɟɜɦɟɫɬɟ
ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ
ɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɢɬɟɱɢɫɬɤɭɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɢɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɥɢɝɭɛɤɢɊɢɫ
Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧɧɨɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɤɨɮɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɟɫɦɨɥɨɬɵɦ
ɤɨɮɟ
Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɧɹɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚɤ
ɤɚɤɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ
ɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɧɨɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɤɨɮɟɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ
ɢɝɥɵɈɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ
ɞɥɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɹɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
ɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟ
102
RU
ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕ ɉɊɂɑɂɇɕ ɋɉɈɋɈȻɕɍɋɌɊȺɇȿɇɂə
ɉɨɞɚɱɚɤɨɮɟ
ɧɟɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɢɥɢɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
Ɉɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɩɟɪɮɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɞɢɫɤɚɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹɜɝɧɟɡɞɟ
ɝɞɟɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɡɚɫɨɪɢɥɢɫɶ
ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɛɟɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɱɬɨɛɵɞɚɬɶɜɵɬɟɱɶɜɨɞɟȿɫɥɢɜɨɞɚɩɨ
ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭɧɟɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɢɡɜɫɟɯ
ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɢɯɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ12&$/ɨɬ
$ULHWHɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɜɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ
ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ$ULHWHɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟ
Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧɧɨɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɤɨɮɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɟɫɦɨɥɨɬɵɦ
ɤɨɮɟ
Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɧɹɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚɤ
ɤɚɤɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ
ɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɧɨɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɤɨɮɟɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ
ɢɝɥɵɈɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ
ɞɥɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɹɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
ɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟ
ɉɨɦɨɥɤɨɮɟɣɧɨɣɫɦɟɫɢɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɦɟɥɤɢɣ
ɉɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɣɧɭɸɫɦɟɫɶ
ɛɨɥɟɟɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨɩɨɦɨɥɚ
Ʉɨɮɟɣɧɚɹɫɦɟɫɶɫɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧɚ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɫɢɥɶɧɨ
ɇɟɬɚɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ
Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɩɥɨɯɨɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɯɨɪɨɲɨɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɫɠɢɦɚɹɞɧɨ
ȼɧɟɦɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɵɢɧɚɫɨɫɧɟ
ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɬ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ
ɢɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɵɜɧɟɦɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɫɜɟɠɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ0$;
103
RU
Ⱦɚɬɚɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ61ZN\UDEFGHIJ
ɝɞɟZN±ɧɟɞɟɥɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
\U±ɝɨɞɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
DEFGHIJ±ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɈɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɧɢɡɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ
Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɚɜɝɭɫɬɚɝɨɞɚ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜªɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ
ɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɞɟɤɚɛɪɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ȼaȽɰȼɬɄɥɚɫɫ,,3;
ɋɞɟɥɚɧɨɜɄɢɬɚɟ
ɂɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɈɈɈ©Ɇɟɞɢɚɬɟɯª
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɢɰɚɋɚɞɨɜɚɹɌɪɢɭɦɮɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɦɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ
ɉɈɆ,ɄɈɆ
ɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɍɫɚɱɟɜɚɞɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɨɦ,,ɤɨɦ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ'H¶/RQJKL$SSOLDQFHV6UO©ȾɟɥɨɧɝɢȺɩɩɥɚɟɧɫɢɫɋɊɅªȺɞɪɟɫɂɬɚɥɢɹ
ɎɥɨɪɟɧɰɢɹɄɚɦɩɢȻɢɡɟɧɰɢɨȼɢɚɋɄɭɢɪɢɤɨ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣɢ
ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɦɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɫɚɣɬɟKWWSZZZDULHWHQHWUXDVVLVWDQFH
Ƚɨɪɹɱɚɹɥɢɧɢɹ$ULHWH
Ɍɨɜɚɪɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟɢɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸɧɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɦɟɫɬɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɣɫɪɨɤɝɨɞɚɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
104
AR
ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ ﺔّﻴﻤﺤﻣو ،ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ
يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻠﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳاو صﺮﺤﺑ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ةءاﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
هﺬﻫ ﻖﻓرأ .ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌا ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻼﻟ ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا .راﴐﻷاو ثداﻮﺤﻟا عﻮﻗو ﻊﻨﳌ ،ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ
.ﻐﻠﻟ ﻪﺋاﺪﻫإ وأ ﻪﻌﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا زﻮﻣﺮﻟﺎﺑ ةﺰﻴﻤﻣ ،ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ةدراﻮﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ ﻒﻠﺘﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧأ
دﻮﺼﻘﳌا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا
.ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟاو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻚﻨﻜ
.ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺻ وأ ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺗ ضاﺮﻏﻷ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﱄﺰﻨﳌا لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﻤﺼﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ
ضاﺮﻏﻷ وأ ﺊﻃﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻧ يأ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ
ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﻖﺋﻻ ﻐﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا يدﺆﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز .ﺎﻬﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ ﻲﺘﻟا ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ
.ﺎﻬﺘﻐﻴﺻ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻬﻣ ،نﻀﻟا
ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا
ﴍﺎﺒﳌا ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺣ ﻦﻣ ،ةﴩﻨﻟا هﺬﻫ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻳ يﺬﻟا زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺸﻧﻹا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﳌا ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﻻ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا وأ رﺎﺨﺒﻠﻟ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻂﻘﻓ ءﺎﳌا وأ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻪﻨﻣ جﺮﺨﻳ يﺬﻟا بﻮﺒﻧﻷا ﺾﺒﻗا .ﻐﻟا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌاو رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻪّﺟﻮﺗ ﻻ -قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻨﺼﳌا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﲆﻋ
.ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﻆﻔﺤﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ داﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﺔﻴﻋوأ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
نﺎﻣﻷا تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا صﺮﺤﺑ أﺮﻗا
bez`2k˯z`pz8zrz`2kezʓ_˴M4ʘb le1p!`.ogf<
ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌا تﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟاو ﺐﺗﺎﻜﳌاو ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺘﻟا تﻼﺤﳌا ﻲﻔﻇﻮﳌ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﰲ -
عراﺰﳌا -
.(فﻮﻴﻀﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ) ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﻴﻨﻜﺳ تﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗو "ﺖﺳﺎﻔﻜﻳﺮﺑ ﺪﻧأ ﺪﻴﺑ"و لﺰﻨﻟاو قدﺎﻨﻔﻟاو -
lLUa)e?0PʜrD(b]91p!`_˴M4lL!k`/ʌʜlLz`s5exMk=˯\ʁ`bf%ʘ
.ﺐﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ضاﺮﻏﻷا
˼P+sɬ"k˯VzaQlL"k`EM`lfAʘzj!˯jz=`iʜza<ʜVzaQ`+sɬGU$ʘ&=kɅy
.ﺺّﺧﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﱃإ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻘﺋﻻ
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا ﻢﻫاﻮﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ نﻮﻜﻠ ﻻ صﺎﺨﺷأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ تاﻮﻨﺳ 8lLgo/˴L,y2_UDbXle1p!`.o_˴M4l]˽
ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ فاﴍﻹا ﻢﺗ اذإ ﻂﻘﻓ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ وأ ةﱪﺧ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا صﺎﺨﺷﻷا وأ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟاو ﺔﻴ ّ
ﺴﺤﻟاو
105
AR
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻋﻼﻃاو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﺒﻳرﺪﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا
1p!`Ma`_UDʝ`#˴5`c,L!y
R`>)8bXlegpX0ergpzaLSʀʞir+_UDʜpcsYyʘi!yjz=`rVzIk`zafL
gpzaL0E(/,=eb]9pjʜ_UDʜ_rkeʓVzaQ`+se[ɰʘ
z0p]`y.Q`b\>X_ʙ(leq`˴M4Nke˱LbfM`!yɪpjb]91p!`.ole>a)`,kL
.ﻪﺑ ﺐﻌﻠﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز
0E)`˰gp5Ujis@0Myr1p!`sMayileTs(_UDʜ40$x/rʍ`le
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
.تاﻮﻨﺳ 8lLgo/˴LbYly.`_UDʜ_rkelL,zMz0p]`y.Q`b\JU$
kz\˯bU4o,!{`esaM˯XE˱Lkz˯ɇzEaU`ileZY%z0p]`]9`1p!`bz<sbX
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ
+s$r/ʌKsXr˰x+yil]feMj=`\ʁ`bXle=(ɇ0e˼Q`z0p]`ʙ<s`_˴M4
˯i2)`MbXz0p]`]9`lL1p!`b=T
_s$ʜNzf ʓrzkU`jz=`2\0ebXlerNj=`bXleq`,4!yɪ0p]`b]`Va`$ʓ
.ﺮﻄﺧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،ﻞﺛﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ
3ɱbELr,$˰^`-x+yil]˽˴a`0p]`js%9˯2 ʜ5eʙec,L!y
jz<rVzIkzafLxczY`,kLɪ0p]`.(˯le6Y`%4
t0(bs4ʓr˯ʓ1p!`6EQʘ
˯iɇ2)`M,`bXɪ0p]`.(˯lL6Y`b=Tgɧ+1p!`UD
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ ﻒﻠﺘﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧأ
qf5 le1p!`^5eb?s%`r˯i2(E4sq]5e_ʙ(le1p!`NT0ʘ
ɪ0p]`.(˯˰_s<s`bp5`leis]yz%rVzIjrʓ]`/,Y`Aei]e/(
˯le,1zf\i2)`ʓNAʘ
z0p]`]9`qa<rkX0eir,1p!`[ɰʘ
$0`r_˴M4ʘk0Y5e&E4˱L1p!`N@r!y
bfM5ʘqke˯ɇɻrqzaLVaeʙL/spHr?/ʜ˱LqDsY4`$ʓ1p!`_˴M4c,L!y
،حﻼﺻﻹا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ .بﻮﻄﻌﻣ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﺒﺗ اذإ وأ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا وأ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ﻒﻠﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ Ariete ﺔﻛﴩﻟ ﻊﺑﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ
.ﺮﻄﺧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻟﻮﺨﻣ ءاﱪﺧ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
0E(/.%l(5`˯Ϳ/)`sjbfM4^f5 le2 m!ZT,˯l(5`˯r/)`qɇ sʘ
!قاﱰﺣﻻا
Wɰ$ʘleTs(1p!`bfLkz /)`zj,M˯2 ʜ6˯c,L!y
iʜFɰaU`be$b=Tr,M`%`m.oʓɰaT+,4˰ɰaU`be$le˯r0(c,L+sMyil]˽
ةﺮﻘﻔﻟا ﰲ ﺒﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ أﺪﺑا ،ﻚﻟذ ﺪﻨﻋ .ءﺎﳌا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ شر ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ﺪﺋاﺰﻟا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا
.ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ةدﺪﺤﳌا
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
pʙYjc,LlfAyb]9r&E4˱Lkz\˯N@
`%`m.oʓWɰ%)A˯iʜeir,kz\˯bfM5ʘ
106
AR
izaQ`ɬrl(5`˯i2)`ʝɱʘ
kz\˯g5 ValeɀTs(pa`le0Y`r, l(4&E4˱Lkz\˯NAʘ
kz\˯le/%`2 ʝ`ɪ0p]`b]`6eʙec,L!y
ljs0]`,z5\˻pz`SAey1PmzebfM5ʘ
1p!`ʓ˼\/ʌ^`-Z%ayil]˽js%E˯spY`lLVa)ʆkLɰaU`ʓNAʘ
s$FYTN@bspY`Lrb(+js%EespXɀYaEeNAʘr1p!`bfLkspY`l%D /+FAʘ
.ﻢﻏ 500 ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا بﻮﺒﺣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟ ىﻮﺼﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﺴﻟا لدﺎﻌﺗ .ةﻮﻬﻗ
.راﴐأ ﺐّﺒﺴﻳو ﺪّﻤﺠﺘﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ ﻲّﻘﺒﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا نﻷ ،ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد 0lL ɇbY/0$ /+bHʓkz\˯[ɰʘ
ZaE`sp`ʓkz\˯bfM5ʘ
o˼Pr6f9`r0E˯yɇs!`besMa`?ɇ0Me1p!`[ɰʘ
%5feE4sFYT1p!`VzIk!yk(5`2 ʜ+ɫi,Mrɪ0p]`.(˯lL6Y`b=T,M
ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ) ّرﺎﺿ ﻏو ﺪﻳﺎﺤﻣ ﻒّﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﺾﻌﺑ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﻊﻣ ،ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﺒﻃﺮﻣو ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ
.(ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ يدﺆﺗ تﺎﺒﻳﺬﻣ
˴zaM`m.pɧ+JU$
تﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
ءﺎﻣ ناﺰﺧ - A
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ - B
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا مﺻ - C
ةﻮﻬﻗ ﱰﻠﻓ - D
ةرﺎّﻄﻗ - E
ﱰﻠﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ - F
ﻂﻐﺿ ةادأ - G
ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻠﻟ سﻮّﺑد - H
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ - I
ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا دﺎﻨﺳﻹ ﺔﻜﺒﺷ - J
تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ - K
ةﻮﻬﻗ ﺔﻧﻮﺣﺎﻃ - L
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا بﻮﺒﺣ ءﺎﻋو - M
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا بﻮﺒﺣ ءﺎﻋو ءﺎﻄﻏ - N
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا بﻮﺒﺣ ءﺎﻋو قﺎﺘﻋإ عارذ - O
ناﺰﺨﻟا ءﺎﻄﻏ - P
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز - Q
ﺔﻴﺋﻮﺿ ةرﺎﺷإ ﻊﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز - R
ﺔﻴﺋﻮﺿ ةرﺎﺷإ ﻊﻣ لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز - S
ﺔﻴﺋﻮﺿ ةرﺎﺷإ ﻊﻣ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ّرز - T
ﺔﻴﻨﻓ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻞﻔﺳأ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ يﻮﺘﺤﺗ
CEeʙM`rNj=`
(.Modby+s˯
(SNLsf!˯gX/
6˼o++ɰ`r`sTz0p]`y.Q`ɇzEaT
Cr ɇ
=f˯z0p]`/,Y`
jz=`ryL0`g5XVogX/
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﻗرو ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا ﺮﻛذ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﺰﻛﺮ لﺎﺼﺗﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
107
AR
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
.تﺎّﺒﻛﺮﳌا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ دﻮﺟو ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗو ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ ﺪﻌﺑأ
.ّﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣو ِﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ
ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ،جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻪﺌﻠﻣأ ﻢﺛ ،ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﻋ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺴﻏ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻋ ءﺎﳌا ناّﺰﺧ ﺪﻌﺑأ
.ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻰﺘﺣ اﺪﻴﺟ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻂﻐﺿا ،ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﻦﻤﻀﺗ ﻟ .(5 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ ﻪﻟﺎﺧدإ
ﻊﻓﺮﺑ مﻮﻘﺗ نأ ﺪﻌﺑو ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ صﺎﺨﻟا ﺰّﻴﺤﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﳌا ﺐﻜﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟذو ،ﲆﻋﻷا ﻦﻣ ﻰﺘﺣ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺊﻠﻣ ﻦﻜ
.(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ءﺎﻋو ءﺎﻄﻏو (D) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺴﻏا
ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨّﻔﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻳوﺎﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻓ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ جاﺮﺧﺈﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ وأ ةّﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﺎﻌﺷإ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷ ءﺎﻨﺛأو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷ ّﺮﻘﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ ءﺎﳌا
.ﱰﻠﻓ يأ لﺎﺧدإ نوﺪﺑ هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷا
ّرﺰﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﻞﻌﺸﺗ ،ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ .ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ّرﺰﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﻞﻌﺸﺗ .
لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟ ةﺰﻫﺎﺟ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا نأ ﲆﻋ ّ
لﺪﻳ ﻣ ،ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ
.(8 ﻞﻜﺷ) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﺖﺤﺗو (7 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺖﺤﺗ ءﺎﻋو ﻊﺿ
.(10 ﻞﻜﺷ) (Q) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻤﺘﺳاو (9 ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ جوﺮﺨﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﳌا أﺪﺒﻳ .(Q) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﻲﺧرأ ﻚﻟذ ﺪﻌﺑ ،رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻦﻣ جﺮﺨﻳ ءﺎﳌا ىﺮﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا
.
(9 ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻐﺿا ،ﻚﻟذ ﺪﻨﻋ :(F) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋﻹ ﺰﻫﺎﺟ نﻵا زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺢﺒﺻأ
.ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺎﻬﻔﻗﻮﺗ ﻦﻣ مﺎﻳأ ةﺪﻋ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا لﺎﻌﺷإ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻢﺘﻳ ةﺮﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا هﺬﻫ ﺮﻳﺮﻜﺘﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ
(F) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ﻞﺧدأ .هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ناﺰﺨﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ .(A) ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺺﺤﻓا
.(D) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا
ءﺎﻋو ءﺎﻄﻏ ﻖﻠﻏ ﺐﺠﻳ .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا بﻮﺒﺣ ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ .
(11 ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ءﺎﻋو ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا بﻮﺒﺣ ﻊﺿ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ جزﺎﻃ ﺞﻳﺰﻣ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟا هﺬﻬﺑ ﻞﺼﺤﺗ ،ةّﺮﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا بﻮﺒﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﺖﻔﺿأ اذإ
.(M) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا بﻮﺒﺣ ءﺎﻋو ﻞﺧاد ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
ﻦﺤﻄﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿ
.ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﻦﺤﻄﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﺐﺴﺣ ﻚﻟذو ،ﻢﻋﺎﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺎﻋﻮﻧ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﺤﻃ ﻦﻜ
ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ﺔﻬﻜﻨﻟا ﺪﺠﺗ ﻟ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻴﻐﺗ ﻚﻨﻜ .ﻢﻳﺮﻜﻟا ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﲆﻋو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻬﻜﻧ ةﻮﻗ ﲆﻋ ﻦﺤﻄﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﺮﺛﺆﺗ
.ﻚﺗﻮﻬﻘﻟ
ةﻐﺼﻟا مﺎﻗرﻷا .ﻦﺸﺨﻟا ﻦﺤﻄﻟا ﻊﻣ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺘﺗ ﺒﻜﻟا مﺎﻗرﻷا .8 ﱃإ 1 ﻦﻣ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا بﻮﺒﺣ ءﺎﻋو ﲆﻋ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﻳ
ﺪﺠﺗ ﻟ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﺤﻃ ﺔﺟرد ﻏ ،ﻚﻟذ ﺪﻌﺑ .3 ﻦﺤﻃ ﺔﺟرﺪﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ داﺪﻋإ بّﺮﺟ .ﻢﻋﺎﻨﻟا ﻦﺤﻄﻟا ﻊﻣ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺘﺗ
.ﻚﺒﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻬﻜﻧ
108
AR
ءﺎﻋو ّ
ﻒﻟ .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا بﻮﺒﺣ ءﺎﻋو (O) قﺎﺘﻋإ عارذ ﻞﻔﺳﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻂﻐﺿا (ﺔﻨﺸﺧ مأ ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﺤﻃ ﺔﺟرد ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟ
ةﻮﻬﻗ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا تدرأ اذإ ﺔﻋﺎﺴﻟا هﺎﺠﺗا ﺲﻜﻌﺑ وأ ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا تدرأ اذإ ﺔﻋﺎﺴﻟا برﺎﻘﻋ هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.(12 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﻨﺸﺧ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻔﻗﻮﺘﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﺤﻄﻣ نﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا هﺬﻫ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﺐّﻛﺮﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ءﺎﻋو (N) ءﺎﻄﻏ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺎاد ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ءاﺮﺟإ ﺐﺠﻳ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرﺰﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﻞﻌﺸﺗ .ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ّرﺰﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﻞﻌﺸﺗ .
لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟ ةﺰﻫﺎﺟ ﺖﺤﺒﺻأ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا نأ ﲆﻋ لﺪﻳ ﻣ ،ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
.(13 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
ﺔﻧﻮﺣﺎﻃ ﻞﻔﺳأ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺔﺤﻨﺟأ ﻞﺧدأ .(14 ﻞﻜﺷ)ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻧﻮﺣﺎﻃ ﺖﺤﺗ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻊﺿ
ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ جﺮﺨﺗ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻧﻮﺣﺎﻃ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﺪﺿ (F) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻂﻐﻀﺗ ةّﺮﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ﻢﻳﺮﻜﻟا ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﲆﻋو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻬﻜﻧ ةﻮﻗ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻧﻮﺣﺎﻃ ﻦﻣ
.(15 ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺲﺒﻜﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻂﻐﺿ ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﻪﺑ صﺎﺨﻟا ﺮﻘﳌا ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.(16 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﺸﻨﻠﻔﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﻟا ﻊﻣ ،ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ّﺪﺷ
وأ/و ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ّ
ﻒﻟ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺐﻌﺼﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺢﺒﺼﻳ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ بّﴪﺘﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ
ﻞﻜﺸﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ ﻟ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋﺈﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﺨﺴﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺒﻟ هﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ كﱰﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ
.ﺔﻘﺣﻼﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺟﺎﻨﻓ داﺪﻋإ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻚﻟذ ﱃإ جﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﻻ .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ لوأ داﺪﻋإ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻰﺘﺣ ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﲆﻋ
ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ ﻞﺻو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﲆﻋ ﻚﻟذ ّ
لﺪﻳ ،ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﻞﻌﺸﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﺰﻫﺎﺟ ﺢﺒﺻأو ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا
.(17-18 ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﺑ أﺪﺒﺗ ﻟ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
.ﺾﻴﻣو
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرﺰﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا رﺪﺼﺗ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ
.
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ فﺎﻘﻳﻹ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.طﻮﻐﻀﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺒﺗ ﻻ ،ﺔّﻴﻨﻬﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا تﺎﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ راﺮﻏ ﲆﻋ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ءﻂﺒﺑ ﻪّﻔﻟ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ دﺎﻌﺑﻹ ;ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺐﺤﺳ ﻞﺒﻗ اﻮﺛ ةﴩﻋ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا وأ ءﺎﳌا شر ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ رﺎﺴﻴﻟا ﻮﺤﻧ ﻤﻴﻟا ﻦﻣ
.ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ةﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟا هﺬﻫ رﺎﺒﺘﻋاو ﻖﻠﻘﻟا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻴﻓ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ رﺎﻈﺘﻧﻻا ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ءﺎﻨﺛأ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ جﺮﺧ اذإ
ﱰﻠﻔﻟا دﺎﻌﺑإ
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا .(19 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﻋﺎﺴﻟا برﺎﻘﻋ هﺎﺠﺗا ﺲﻜﻌﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ّ
ﻒﻟ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا دﺎﻌﺑﻹ
109
AR
اﺬﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو
.ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟا كﻼﻬﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌا ةﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟا ﻢﻈﻨﻟا ماﱰﺣا ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻤﺿ ،ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ءﺎﻔﻃإ مﺎﻈﻨﺑ ةدوﺰﻣ ،هﺬﻫ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ
نﺎﺠﻨﻓ داﺪﻋﻹ .اﺬﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﻞﻴﻌﻔﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 30 ﺪﻌﺑ ،ﺎﻬﻣاﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻢﺘﻳ ﻻو ﺔﻠﻌﺸﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﺖﻧﺎﻛ اذإ
ﻞﻌﺸﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .
لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا لﺎﻌﺷإ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ
.ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺊﻠﻣ
.يﻮﻗ ﺞﻴﺠﻀﺑو زاﺰﺘﻫﺎﺑ سﺎﺴﺣﻹا ﻢﺘﻳ ،ءﺎﻣ نوﺪﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻲﻘﺑ اذإ .ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺎاد ءﺎﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﺒﻗاﺮ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻌﺷأ ﻢﺛ ،ﺒﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻸﻣا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا ﻢﺛ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻃأ
ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ
.هّﺮﻘﻣ ﻦﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ قﺎﺘﻋإ ﻦﻣ ﻖّﻘﺤﺗ ،رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ّ
ﴬﺣ
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،ﺮﺧآ بوﴩﻣ يأ ﺨﺴﺘﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ وأ ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا ﺔﺗﻻﻮﻛﻮﺸﻟا وأ ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ داﺪﻋﻹ
ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا نأ ﲆﻋ لﺪﻳ ﻣ ،ﺾﻴﻣﻮﻟﺎﺑ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ّرز أﺪﺒﻳ .(20 ﻞﻜﺷ) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﻞﻴﻌﻔﺗ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ( )
.ﺨﺴﺘﻟﺎﺑ تأﺪﺑ
.ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ةﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟا هﺬﻫ رﺎﺒﺘﻋاو ﻖﻠﻘﻟا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻴﻓ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ رﺎﻈﺘﻧﻻا ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ءﺎﻨﺛأ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ جﺮﺧ اذإ
.
(21 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻪﻨﻴﺨﺴﺗ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ءﺎﻋو ﻞﺧاد رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻊﺿ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.طﺎّﻄﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻚﺴﻣا .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ ءﺪﺒﻠﻟ (Q) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ّرﺰﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﻞﻌﺸﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ
.(10 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا
ةﻮﻏر ﺪﺠﺗ ،اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺑ لﻼﺧ :(Q) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا .ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻰﺘﺣ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻞﺧاد رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ ﺲﻄﻏأ
.ﺪﻌﺼﺗ ﺔﻤﺳدو ﺔﻔﻴﺜﻛ
. (Q) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﻲﺧرأ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ فﺎﻘﻳﻹ
.ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﻦﻣ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا مﺻ ﺐﻘﺛ رّﺮﺤﺗ ﻟ اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺒﻟ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا عّزو ،لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﻛ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﻞﻀﻓأ ﱃإ ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻘﺘﻨﺗ .
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ّرز ﲆﻋ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻐﺿا ،رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو فﺎﻘﻳﻹ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟ طوﴩﻟا
ةﻮﻬﻘﻠﻟ لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ةدﺎﻋإ
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﺪﻳﱪﺗ ﻻوأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﱃإ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جﺎﺘﻧإ ﻦﻣ لﺎﻘﺘﻧﻼﻟ
.(8 ﻞﻜﺷ) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﺖﺤﺗ ءﺎﻋو ﻊﺿ
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا دﱪﺗو ﻲّﻘﺒﺘﳌا رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جﺮﺨﻳ ﻟ (Q) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻤﺘﺳاو
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
. رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا جوﺮﺧ ﺪﻫﺎﺸﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋﺈﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرﺰﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﻞﻌﺸﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا
ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻄﻳﻹا ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟا ﲆﻋ ةﺪﻴﺟ ﻮ ّ
ﺴﻳﱪﺳإ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻧ
ةﻮﻗ ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﻤﺟ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ةﺪﻣو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻂﻐﺿو ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻛو ﻦﺤﻄﻟا ﺔﺟرد
ﻲﺘﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻬﻜﻧ ﺪﺠﺗ ﻟ ﺔﺛﻼﺜﻟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻟا هﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻛأ وأ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻴﻐﺗ ﻚﻨﻜ .ﻢﻳﺮﻜﻟا ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﲆﻋو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻬﻜﻧ
.ﻚﺒﺳﺎﻨﺗ
ّﻞﻗأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻂﻐﺿو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻞﺧاد ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ةدﺎﻳز ﺮﻛﺬﺗ ،ﻢﻋﺎﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﺤﻃ تﱰﺧا اذإ
ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺖﻧﺎﻛ اذإ ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻜﻌﻟا ﲆﻋ .ًاﺪﺟ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا ﺐﻨﺠﺘﺗ ﻟ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺲﺒﻜﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ
110
AR
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺲﺒﻜﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻛأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻂﻐﺿو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻞﺧاد ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻦﺸﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ
،نﺎﻜﻣﻹﺎﺑ نﺎﻛ اذإ .لﺎﻔﻃﻷا لوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻦﻋ ًاﺪﻴﻌﺑو درﺎﺑ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ ﻪﻌﺿوو ﻖﻠﻐﻣ نﺎﺒﻃﺮﻣ ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا بﻮﺒﺣ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﻦﺤﻄﻠﻟ ﺔﺟزﺎﻃ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﻚﻳﺪﻟ ﺎاد ﺮﻓﻮﺘﻳ ﻟ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﻐﺻ ﺐﻠﻋ يﱰﺷا .ءاﻮﻬﻟا ﻦﻣ غّﺮﻔﻣ ءﺎﻋو ﰲ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻆﻔﺣا
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻧﻮﺣﺎﻃ قﺎﺘﻋإ
1 راﺪﻘ ﻲﻨﻣز ﻞﺻﺎﻓ ﻊﻣ بوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺾﻴﻣو راﺪﺻﺈﺑ
لﺎﻌﺷﻹا رز أﺪﺒﻳ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻧﻮﺣﺎﻃ ﻒّﻗﻮﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
ﻒﻗﻮﺗ ﱃإ تدأ (ةﻐﺻ ةرﺎﺠﺣ وأ رﻮﺸﻗ ﻞﺜﻣ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا بﻮﺒﺣ ﺑ ﺐﺋاﻮﺷ دﻮﺟو ﱃإ ﺐﺒﺴﻟا ﻊﺟﺮﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ .ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ
.ﺔﻧﻮﺣﺎﻄﻟا
. ﺔﻴﻘﺒﺘﳌا ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﱰﻠﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ غّﺮﻓ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا بﻮﺒﺣ ءﺎﻋو (O) قﺎﺘﻋإ عارذ ﻞﻔﺳﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻂﻐﺿا
ﻂﻘﺴﺗ .(22 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﲆﻋ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺰﻣﺮﻟا ﻊﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺰﻣﺮﻟا ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ (M) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا بﻮﺒﺣ ءﺎﻋو ّ
ﻒﻟ
.ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ىﺮﺠﻣ ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻧﻮﺣﺎﻃ ﻒﻗﻮﺗ ﱃإ تدأ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺐﺋاﻮﺸﻟا
ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻧﻮﺣﺎﻃ ﻞﻔﺳأ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺔﺤﻨﺟأ ﻞﺧدأ .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻧﻮﺣﺎﻃ ﺖﺤﺗ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻊﺿ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻧﻮﺣﺎﻃ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﺪﺿ (F) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا .(14
.ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺐﺋاﻮﺸﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻲﻣرا .ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻞﺧاد ﻂﻘﺴﺗ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا كﺮﺗا
.ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ﻦﺤﻄﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿا
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋﺈﺑ أﺪﺑا
راﺪﺻﺈﺑ
و
و
رارزﻷا أﺪﺒﺗ ،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﺘﻣ تﻻوﺎﺤﻣ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻔّﻗﻮﺘﻣ ﺖﻴﻘﺑو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻧﻮﺣﺎﻃ ﻖﻠﻄﻨﺗ اذإ
.ﻊﻳﴎ ﺾﻴﻣو
.ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ بﺮﻗأ ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻞﺴﻐﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﻤﻈﺘﻨﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةءﺎﻔﻛ ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ
.ﴍﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻣ ءﺎﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا قﻮﺤﺴﻣ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ يﺬﻟا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟذو ،ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ نوﺪﺑ هﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣو نﺎﻴﻠﻏ ءﺎﻣ جﺮﺧأ .ةدوﺪﺴﻣ ﻏ بﻮﻘﺜﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ﺔﻘﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﺐﺋاﻮﺸﻟا وأ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﺮﺗ دﺎﻌﺑإ وأ ﺐﻳوﺬﺗ ﻞﺟأ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ ﻖﺷر ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ﻒّﻠﺨﺘﳌا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا نﻷ ،ءﻂﺒﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأو ﻚﻓ
ﺐﺴﺣ ﻚﻟذو ،قﻮﺴﻟا ﰲ ةﺮّﻓﻮﺘﳌا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ صاﺮﻗأ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ،رﻮﻬﺷ 3 ﻞﻛ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻌﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟا
.(ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد 5,M,z b]9k(4kz\˯is]e,kLspXir,ɰaU`ʓis%=``5Q;)`bz5Q`Ws%5ele;0Xb(+
ɰaU`be$%LrN@gkz\˯ɰaU`be$^8
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﺑ ءﺪﺒﻠﻟ ( )spY`Ny1sɇ/1˱LFQ@
.ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ كﺮﺗ ﻊﻣ ،ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 15,˯q`sMUe.(y;0Y`[0g˯r0(VXr
.ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻧاﺰﺧ ﺬﻔﻨﺘﺴﺗ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ .ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 15-20,˯,\0spY`[0˯Ny1szafL,L
zUk%a`x/!`˯%,z b]9qUE8rɰaU`%4gkz\˯leɰaU`be$,M
ﻞﻴﺴﻐﻟا قﻮﺤﺴﻣ تﺎﻔّﻠﺨﻣ ﻞﻳﺰﺗ ﻟ (23b]8ɰaU`be$^8ɇ0Ye"kU4MEXE4sVɇIjrɪ0p]`.(˯lLz0p]`y.Q`b\b=Tgkz\˯UD
.شوﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ
111
AR
.ﻒﻄﺸﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ مﺎﻹ ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ 20(o,Mler,y, leɰaU`be$^8gkz\˯bQ8
.ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ رﻮﻬﺷ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﻞﻛ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ًﺎﻴﻣﻮﻳ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
تﺎﺒّﻛﺮﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ لﻮﺼﻔﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟاو ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻓﺮﻐﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻞﺼﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ
.مﺎﺗ صﺮﺤﺑ ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻒّﻔﺟو ﻒﻄﺷأ .نﻮﺑﺎﺼﻟاو ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟاو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣو ءﺎﳌا ناّﺰﺧ ﻞﺴﻏا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻒﻠﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏو ﺔﺒﻃر ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺘﺑﺎﺜﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒّﻈﻧ
ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ّﺮﻘﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫدﺎﻌﺑإ ﺐﺠﻳ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻚﺒﺸﻳ يﺬﻟا ّﺮﻘﳌا ﰲ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺜﺣ ﻒﻠﺨﺘﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﻣ
.(24 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷ نوﺪﺑ يﺮﺠﻳ ءﺎﳌا كﺮﺗ وأ (23 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺞﻨﻔﺳإ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣو نﺎﻨﺳﻷا ﺶﻜﻧ دﻮﻋ لﻌﺘﺳا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎﺴﻏ ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻞﺴﻐﺗ ﻻ
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺐﻘﺜﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟ اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺒﻟ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جﺮﺧأ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻢﺘﻳ ةﺮﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.قاﱰﺣﻻا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ درﺎﺑ موﺮﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﲇﻄﳌا بﻮﺒﻧﻷا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺎﻘﺣﻻ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﻊﺒﺗا
ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ بﻮﺒﻧﻷا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻦﻜ .يرﺎﺠﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻠﺴﻏاو (25 ﻞﻜﺷ) بﻮﺒﻧﻷا ﻦﻋ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا م ّ
ﺻ ّ
ﻚﻓ ،ةروﴬﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ
ﻲﺘﻟا بﻮﻘﺜﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ ،ةروﴬﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ .رﺎﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ﻪّﻔﻟ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ،رﺎﺨﺒﻟا مﺻ ﺐّﻛر .ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ
. (26 ﻞﻜﺷ) سﻮّﺑد ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﻨﻣ جﺮﺨﻳ
تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣو ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ لﻮﺼﻔﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟاو ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻓﺮﻐﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻞﺼﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ
.تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ ﻎﻳﺮﻔﺗ ﺮﺧﻵاو ﺤﻟا ﺑ ﺮﻛﺬﺗ
.(J) ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا دﺎﻨﺳإ ﻚﺒﺷ ﺪﻌﺑأ
.يرﺎﺠﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻠﺴﻏاو ﻪﻏّﺮﻓ ﻢﺛ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ (K) تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ ﺐﺤﺳا
.ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا دﺎﻨﺳإ ﻚﺒﺷ ﺎﻀﻳأ ﻞﺴﻏا
112
AR
ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ
ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺤﻟاو ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻈﻨﺗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﺪﳌ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ
ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ ﳼﺎﻗ ءﺎﻣ لﻌﺘﺳﻻ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﱰﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ ةذﺎﺷ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻤﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ ﻦﻜﻟو .ﺎﻬﻠﺧاﺪﺑ
ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .ﺔﻨﻴﻛﻠﻟ ذﺎﺸﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺲﻠﻜﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ
ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﻮﻬﺴﺑ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا ﻦﻜ ،ﺞﺘﻨﳌا اﺬﻫ .ﻚﻳﱰﺴﻟا ﺾﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ نّﻮﻜﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻠﻟ ﻞﻳﺰﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﻣ ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ
زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا تﺎﺒّﻛﺮﳌﺎﺑ ﻖﺤﻠﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟوﺆﺴﻣ يأ ﺔﻌّﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌا ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ
،ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺖﻋد اذإ .ﺔﻳوﻴﻛ تﺎﻓﺎﻀﻣ دﻮﺟﻮﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻏ تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟاو
.ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ صﺎﺨﻟا ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﳌا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺪﻴﻘﺘﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا فﺎﻘﻳإ
تاﺮﻄﻗ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ ﻎﻳﺮﻔﺗو ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ناّﺰﺨﻟا ﻎﻳﺮﻔﺗو ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓ ﺐﺠﻳ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺐﻄﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.("زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﻊﺟار) ﻪﻔﻴﻈﻨﺗو ءﺎﳌا
ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟاو ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﳌا داﻮﳌا زﺮﻓ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺎﻫﺮﻤﻋ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻢﻴﻄﺤﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ةﺪﺋﺎﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﺤﳌا ﻧاﻮﻘﻟاو ﻢﻈﻨﻟا ﺐﺴﺣو ﺎﻬﺘﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺐﺴﺣ
ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﺤﻟ ﻞﻴﻟد
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا ﻢﺛ ،رﻮﻔﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻪﺌﻔﻃأ ،ّذﺎﺷ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
لﻮﻠﺤﻟا بﺎﺒﺳﻷا ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا
نأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻀﻳأ ﻖﻘﺤﺗو ،ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ناﺰﺨﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ
.MAX ةرﺎﺷﺈﺑ ﺒﳌا ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ درﺎﺒﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻸﻣا
ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ءﺎﻣ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ
.ﻂﻔﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺔﺨﻀﳌا
ﻦﻣ رﺎﺨﺑ جﺮﺨﻳ ﻻ
.ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا
سﻮﺑﺪﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻞﺧاد ﺖﻠﻜﺸﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا لزأ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ درﻮﳌا
.رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جوﺮﺧ ﺐﻘﺛ
ةﻮﻬﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳو (ﺔﻠﻴﻘﺛ) ةﺰﻛﺮﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
.ﻢﻌﻧأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.اﺪﺟ ﻦﺸﺧ
اﺪﺟ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ةدرﺎﺑو
."ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻧﻮﺣﺎﻃ قﺎﺘﻋإ" ةﺮﻘﻔﻟا ﻊﺟار ﺎﻣ ﺐﺋاﻮﺷ دﻮﺟو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣإ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا بﻮﺒﺣ ﺑ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﺤﻄﻣ
.ﺔﻔﻗﻮﺘﻣ
113
AR
لﻮﻠﺤﻟا بﺎﺒﺳﻷا ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا
ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻚﺒﺸﻳ يﺬﻟا نﺎﻜﳌا ﻒﻈﻧو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأ
ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ . (23 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺞﻨﻔﺳا
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ
ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ﻞﻤﺘﺤﻳ
ﰲ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ
ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﻣ ﻣ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ
هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ّﺪﺷ
.ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻰﺘﺣ
بّﴪﺘﺗ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺐﻧاﻮﺟ ﻦﻣ
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا
ﺶﻜﻧ دﻮﻋ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﻦﻣ بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ ﻒّﻈﻧ
.(23 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺞﻨﻔﺳﻹا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣو نﺎﻨﺳﻷا
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ
بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ ﲆﻋ
يﺬﻟا ّﺮﻘﳌا ﰲ ﺐﻛﺮﳌا
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻚﺒﺸﻳ
يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ﻒّﻠﺨﺘﳌا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا نﻷ ،ءﻂﺒﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأو ﻚﻓ
.سﻮﺑد ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻖﻠﻐﳌا ﺐﻘﺜﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ .ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ ﻖﺷر ﱃإ
لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ صﺮﻗ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ
.ﺔﺒﻠﻌﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا عﺎﺒﺗا
ﻪﻨﻣ جﺮﺨﺗ يﺬﻟا ﺐﻘﺜﻟا
يﺬﻟا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ
.ﻖﻠﻐﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا
اذإ .ﻞﻜﺸﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ءﺎﳌا جﺮﺨﻳ ﻟ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ نوﺪﺑ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻐﺷ
ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،بﻮﻘﺜﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﳌا جﺮﺨﻳ
NOCAL ﺞﺘﻨﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا ﻦﻜ يﺬﻟاو Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻪﺠﺘﻨﺗ يﺬﻟا
.ﺔﺒﻠﻌﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺪﻴﻘﺘﻟا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻛﴩﻠﻟ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا
نﻮﻜﻴﻠﻴﺴﻟا صﺮﻗ بﻮﻘﺛ
ﻚﺒﺷ ﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا
.ةدوﺪﺴﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ
وأ جﺮﺨﺗ ﻻ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
ءﻲﻄﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ جﺮﺨﺗ
.ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻠﻟ
يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ﻒّﻠﺨﺘﳌا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا نﻷ ،ءﻂﺒﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأو ﻚﻓ
.سﻮﺑد ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻖﻠﻐﳌا ﺐﻘﺜﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ .ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ ﻖﺷر ﱃإ
لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ صﺮﻗ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ
.ﺔﺒﻠﻌﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا عﺎﺒﺗا
ﻪﻨﻣ جﺮﺨﺗ يﺬﻟا ﺐﻘﺜﻟا
يﺬﻟا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ
.ﻖﻠﻐﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا
.ﻦﺸﺧأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لوﺎﺣ ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.اﺪﺟ
.ﻞﻗأ لﺪﻌ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻂﻐﺿا ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻃﻮﻐﻀﻣ
.ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻰﺘﺣ ﻪﻌﻓد لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺧدأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ﻏ ناﺰﺨﻟا
.ﺪﻴﺟ
نأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻀﻳأ ﻖﻘﺤﺗو ،ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ناﺰﺨﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ درﺎﺒﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻸﻣا .ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ
.MAX ةرﺎﺷﺈﺑ ﺒﳌا ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا
ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ءﺎﻣ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ
.ﻂﻔﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺔﺨﻀﳌا
114
UA
ǽǾǼȄdzǷǽǼǿǥǯǻǶǸ
ɉɨɩɪɢ ɬɟ ɳɨ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɢ ɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɿ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɯ ɞɿɸɱɢɯ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɿɜ
ɬɚɦɚɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɭɜɫɿɯɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɢɯɦɿɫɰɹɯɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɭɜɚɠɧɨɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢɡɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɿ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɧɟɳɚɫɧɢɯɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜɬɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶ
ɁɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɰɟɣɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɞɥɹɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿɣɭɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭɁɚɧɚɦɿɪɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢɰɟɣ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɧɲɨɦɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɭɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɫɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ȱɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɚɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢɹɤɿɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣ Ɂɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɨɩɿɤɢ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɚɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɨɸ ɍɜɚɝɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɛɢɬɤɢ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɢɯɡɿɧɲɢɦɢ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ǽǾǶǵǻǮȅdzǻǻȍ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢɿɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɨ
ɐɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɶɭɤɨɦɟɪɰɿɣɧɢɯɚɛɨɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɢɯɰɿɥɹɯ
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɢɜ ɛɭɞɶɹɤɟ ɿɧɲɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ɰɟ ɡɜɿɥɶɧɹɽ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɿɞ
ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚ ɡɛɢɬɤɢ ɛɭɞɶɹɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿ ɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɇɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɫɤɚɫɨɜɭɽɝɚɪɚɧɬɿɸɭɜɫɿɯʀʀɩɪɨɹɜɚɯ
ǵǮǹǶȆǸǼǰǥǾǶǵǶǸǶ
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɿɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɪɨɹɤɢɣɣɞɟɬɶɫɹɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɢɬɢ
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɜɿɞɩɪɹɦɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭɩɚɪɢɚɛɨɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɿɩɚɪɢɧɟɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɭɣɬɟɫɬɪɭɦɭɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭɬɪɟɬɿɯɨɫɿɛ
ɚɛɨɧɚɫɟɛɟȻɟɪɿɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɭɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɬɪɭɛɤɢ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɬɿ ɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ ɹɤɿ ɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɡ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ
ǵǮǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǻȍǵǯdzǵǽdzǸǶ
ɎȽȻɁɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɄɍɀȲɈɌɍɋɎɅɑȲȳɊɀɋɀȿɊɉɒȻɍɅɉɇȽɃɅɉɋɃɌɍȻɈɈɚ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɭɩɨɛɭɬɨɜɢɯɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɭɦɨɜɚɯɬɚɜ
ɭɦɨɜɚɯɛɥɢɡɶɤɢɯɞɨɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɹɤɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ
ɧɚɤɭɯɧɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɿɜɨɮɿɫɿɜɬɚɭɿɧɲɢɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ
ɭɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ
ɭɧɨɦɟɪɚɯɝɨɬɟɥɿɜɦɨɬɟɥɿɜɭɝɨɬɟɥɹɯɬɢɩɭEHGEUHDNIDVWɬɚɭɿɧɲɢɯɠɢɬɥɨɜɢɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɡɛɨɤɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯɩɨɫɬɨɹɥɶɰɿɜ
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɡɚ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɟɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢ ɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɭ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɿ
ɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɿ ɩɨɫɥɭɝɢ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿ ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɩɨɥɨɦɨɤ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯ
ɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɸɜɢɪɨɛɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɨȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ
ɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɭ
115
UA
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȒșȭȒȳȠȓȗ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɶ ɞɿɬɶɦɢ ɫɬɚɪɲɟ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɡ
ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢɦɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɢɦɢ ɚɛɨ ɪɨɡɭɦɨɜɢɦɢ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɨɫɨɛɢɹɤɿɧɟɦɚɸɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɝɨɞɨɫɜɿɞɭɱɢɡɧɚɧɶ ɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ ɥɢɲɟ ɹɤɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɩɿɞ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɜɱɟɧɿ ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨ
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɶ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ ɿ ɭɫɜɿɞɨɦɥɸɸɬɶ ɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɭ ɜɿɞ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ⱦɿɬɹɦɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɝɪɚɬɢɫɹɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɿɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɨɩɢɫɚɧɿɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɶ
ɞɿɬɶɦɢɛɟɡɧɚɝɥɹɞɭɞɨɪɨɫɥɨʀɨɫɨɛɢ
ȿɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɩɨɪɭɱɡɞɿɬɶɦɢɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɽ
ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨʀɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ
ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɹɤɳɨ ɰɟɣ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɭɬɢɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ
ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɪɿɡɚɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨ ɩɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹ ɡ ɭɫɿɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ɳɨ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ ɪɢɡɢɤ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɹɤɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɥɹɿɝɨɪ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɛɭɥɚɜɤɭɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɭɦɟɠɚɯɞɨɫɹɠɧɨɫɬɿɞɿɬɟɣɿɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟʀʀɭ
ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɪɨɤɨɜɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɿɬɪɚɜɦ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȐȭȕȎțȎȕȓșȓȘȠȞȖȘȜȬ
Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ ɞɨ ɦɟɪɟɠɿ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɳɨ
ɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɹɤɚɜɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɳɨɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɦɚɲɢɧɨɸɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ
ɧɚɩɪɭɡɿɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɜɚɱɿɜ ɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɟɧɢɯ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɡɛɢɬɤɿɜɚɛɨɩɨɠɟɠɿ
ɉɟɪɲ ɧɿɠ ɩɨɱɢɧɚɬɢ ɧɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɛɚɤɚ ɜɨɞɨɸ ɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɜɿɞ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
əɤɳɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɢɣ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤ
ɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɚɛɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɡ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨɸ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿɽɸ ɳɨɛ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ
ɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɿɞ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɸ ɧɚɩɪɭɝɨɸ ɞɨ ɜɨɞɢ
ɦɨɠɟɜɢɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɤɨɪɨɬɤɟɡɚɦɢɤɚɧɧɹ
Ⱦɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɩɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɚɛɨ
ɱɢɫɬɤɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢ ɜɢɦɢɤɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɿ ɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟ ɜɢɥɤɭ ɤɚɛɟɥɸ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢɛɚɤɜɨɞɨɸ
116
UA
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȦȘȜȒȔȓțȪȝȜȐȭȕȎțȖȣȕȳțȦȖȚȖ
ȝȞȖȥȖțȎȚȖ
ɇɟ ɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɬɪɢɦɚɸɱɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɛɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɢ ɚɛɨ ɩɿɞɞɨɧ ɞɥɹ
ɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɛɪɚɬɢɡɚɤɨɪɩɭɫ
Ɉɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɱɢɫɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦ ɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɬɚ ɡ ɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɸ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɸɪɨɡɟɬɤɨɸ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɭɛɚɤɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢ
ɇɟ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɭ ɤɨɥɢ ɜɿɧ ɩɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɢɣ ɞɨ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀ
ɦɟɪɟɠɿ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɧɚɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɿɫɥɹɩɚɞɿɧɧɹɹɤɳɨɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɿɨɡɧɚɤɢ
ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɚɛɨ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɢɬɿɤɚɽ ɜɨɞɚ Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ ɹɤɳɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɜɢɥɤɚ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɿ ɚɛɨ ɹɤɳɨ ɫɚɦ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɢɣ ɍɫɿ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢ ɡɚɦɿɧɭ ɤɚɛɟɥɸ
ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɦɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ©$ULHWHªɚɛɨ
ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɫɬɚɦɢ ©$ULHWHª ɳɨɛ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ ɛɭɞɶ
ɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
ǵȎȟȠȓȞȓȔȓțțȭȝȞȜȜȝȳȘȖ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɬɪɭɦɩɚɪɢɚɛɨɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɧɚɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɬɿɥɚ
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɣɬɟɫɹɬɪɭɛɤɨɸɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɡɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɿɫɬɸɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹɞɨɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɯɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɿɞɟɪɠɚɤɚ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɿɞɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɨɩɿɤɢ
ɇɟɡɚɞɨɜɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɜɢɯɿɞ ɜɨɞɢ ɡ ɞɟɪɠɚɤɚ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɧɢɣ
ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɧɹɦɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɍ ɬɚɤɨɦɭɪɚɡɿɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨ ɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɤ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣ ɬɢɫɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢ ɛɪɢɡɤɢ ȼɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟ
ɱɢɫɬɤɭɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ
ȁȐȎȑȎȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȳȕȏȖȠȘȖ
Ɋɨɡɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭɧɚɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɞɟʀʀɧɟɦɨɠɧɚɛɭɞɟɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɭɬɢ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɦɚɲɢɧɭɛɟɡɜɨɞɢɭɬɚɤɨɦɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɧɚɫɨɫɦɨɠɟɡɝɨɪɿɬɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢɛɚɤɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɚɛɨɤɢɩɹɬɤɨɦ
ɇɟɫɬɚɜɬɟɦɚɲɢɧɭɧɚɞɭɠɟɝɚɪɹɱɿɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɚɛɨɩɨɛɥɢɡɭɞɠɟɪɟɥɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɝɨ
ɜɨɝɧɸɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɤɨɪɩɭɫɭ
Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɦɚɲɢɧɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɭɜɨɞɭɡɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɨɦɜɭɝɥɟɰɸ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɫɢɩɚɬɢɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢɹɤɿɧɟɽɦɟɥɟɧɨɸ
ɤɚɜɨɸ ɇɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɿ ɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɤɭɜɚɬɢ ɜɚɠɤɿ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɫɬɭɩɿɧɶ ɩɨɦɟɥɭ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ
ɤɚɜɨɦɨɥɤɢɇɟ ɡɚɫɢɩɚɣɬɟɭɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪ ɞɥɹɤɚɜɢɦɟɥɟɧɭ ɤɚɜɭɚ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨ
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ɤɚɜɭɜɡɟɪɧɚɯɆɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɦɿɫɬɤɿɫɬɶɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɞɥɹɤɚɜɢɭɡɟɪɧɚɯɫɤɥɚɞɚɽ
ɝ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɦɚɲɢɧɭɭɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿɞɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɢɠɱɟ&ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɜɨɞɢɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɡɚɦɟɪɡɧɭɬɢɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɸɱɢɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɧɚɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɦɭɩɨɜɿɬɪɿ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɿɞɞɿɽɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯɹɜɢɳɞɨɳɫɨɧɰɟɿɬɩ
ɉɿɫɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɹɤ ɜɢɥɤɭ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɨ ɚ ɝɚɪɹɱɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɥɢ
ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɦɨɠɧɚɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɡɥɟɝɤɚɡɦɨɱɟɧɨɸ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɦɚ ɤɪɚɩɥɹɦɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɚɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɸɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɨɛɭ ɧɟ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɪɨɡɱɢɧɧɢɤɢɳɨɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɭɸɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɢɤ
ǵȏȓȞȳȑȎȗȠȓȤȬȳțȟȠȞȡȘȤȳȬ
ǼǽǶǿǸǼǺǽǼǻdzǻȀǥǰ
$ Ȼɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ
% Ɍɪɭɛɤɚɩɚɪɢ
&Ɏɨɪɫɭɧɤɚɜɢɯɨɞɭɩɚɪɢ
'Ɏɿɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɤɚɜɢ
( ɇɨɫɢɤ
) Ⱦɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
*Ɍɟɦɩɟɪ
+Ȼɭɥɚɜɤɚɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢ
, Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
- Ɋɟɲɿɬɤɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɚɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤ
. ɉɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ
/ Ʉɚɜɨɦɨɥɤɚ
0Ʉɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɞɥɹɤɚɜɢɜɡɟɪɧɚɯ
1Ʉɪɢɲɤɚɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɞɥɹɤɚɜɢ
2ȼɚɠɿɥɶɪɨɡɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɞɥɹɤɚɜɢ
3 Ʉɪɢɲɤɚɛɚɤɭ
4Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ
5Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɡɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ
6 Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɡɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ
7 Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɮɭɧɤɰɿʀɩɚɪɢɡɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ
ǥȒȓțȠȖȢȳȘȎȤȳȗțȳȒȎțȳ
ɇɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿ ɹɤɚ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɞ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɸ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɨɸ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɿ ɬɚɤɿ ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɿ ɞɚɧɧɿ
ɦɚɲɢɧɢ
ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɿɦɚɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ&(
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɆɨɞ
ɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ61
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɚɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹȼɿɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɚɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɶȼɬ
ɧɨɦɟɪɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɨʀɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨʀɥɿɧɿʀ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɝɨɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹɞɨɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɿɜɜɤɚɠɿɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɿɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ
118
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ǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥǦǵǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ǰȐȓȒȓțțȭȐȓȘȟȝșȡȎȠȎȤȳȬ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɩɚɤɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɣɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟɱɢɜɫɿɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɭɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɪɿɜɧɿɣɿɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɉɟɪɟɞɩɟɪɲɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟɛɚɤɧɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɣɨɝɨɫɜɿɠɨɸ
ɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɪɿɜɧɹɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɨɸ³0$;´ɬɚɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɜɿɧɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ
ɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɨɊɢɫȾɥɹɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀɪɨɛɨɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɨɛɪɟɩɪɢɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɞɨɤɿɧɰɹ
ȻɚɤɦɨɠɧɚɧɚɩɨɜɧɢɬɢɬɚɤɨɠɡɜɟɪɯɭɱɟɪɟɡɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɣɨɬɜɿɪɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɡɧɹɜɲɢɤɪɢɲɤɭɊɢɫ
ɉɨɦɢɣɬɟɮɿɥɶɬɪ'ɿɤɪɢɲɤɭɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɞɥɹɤɚɜɢ
ǽȓȞȦȓȐȐȳȚȘțȓțțȭ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɳɨ ɧɚɩɪɭɝɚ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɶɨʀ ɦɟɪɟɠɿ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɚ ɡ ɬɿɽɸ ɳɨ ɜɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿ
ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɯɞɚɧɢɯɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɟɪɲɨɝɨɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɚɛɨɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɩɿɫɥɹɩɪɨɫɬɨɸɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɩɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɢɩɪɢɧɚɣɦɧɿɨɞɧɭ
ɱɚɲɤɭɜɨɞɢɱɟɪɟɡɝɧɿɡɞɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɡɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɦɞɟɪɠɚɤɨɦɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɨɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢɠɨɞɟɧɡɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɜ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɨɱɧɟɝɨɪɿɬɢɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨɑɟɪɟɡɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿ ɤɚɜɢ
ɩɨɱɧɟɝɨɪɿɬɢ ɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨ ɜɤɚɡɭɸɱɢ ɧɚ ɬɟ ɳɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɣɛɨɣɥɟɪ
ɝɨɬɨɜɢɣɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɽɦɤɿɫɬɶɩɿɞɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɿɩɿɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɊɢɫ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɊɢɫɿɭɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɧɚɬɢɫɧɟɧɨɸɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ4Ɋɢɫ
Ⱦɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɡɬɪɭɛɤɚɩɚɪɢɩɨɱɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɜɨɞɚɩɿɫɥɹɰɶɨɝɨɜɿɞɩɭɫɬɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ4Ɂ
ɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɱɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɜɨɞɚ)ɬɟɩɟɪɡɧɨɜɭɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɊɢɫ
Ɍɟɩɟɪɩɪɢɥɚɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɣɞɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɟɪɲɨʀɤɚɜɢ
ɋɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɮɾɭɷɬɺɪɩɝɭɩɫɹɝɛɭɣɱɹɩɪɠɫɛɱʀɹɴɩɫɛɢɮɥɩɦɣɧɛɳɣɨɛɝɧɣɥɛɾɭɷɬɺɪʀɬɦɺɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ
ɟɨʀɝɪɫɩɬɭɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǸǮǰǶ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɣɬɟɪɿɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɢɭɛɚɤɭ$ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɛɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣɭɫɜɨɽ
ɝɧɿɡɞɨȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ)ɮɿɥɶɬɪ'
ɇɚɫɢɩɬɟɤɚɜɭɜɡɟɪɧɚɯɭɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɞɥɹɤɚɜɢɊɢɫ
ɇɟɡɚɫɢɩɚɣɬɟɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɤɚɜɨɜɢɯɡɟɪɟɧ
Ʉɪɢɲɤɚɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɞɥɹɤɚɜɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɡɚɤɪɢɜɚɬɢɫɹɧɚɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɿ
ɚɥɴɩɢɛɬɣɪɛɭɣ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɥɛɝɩɝɣɰɢɠɫɠɨ ɢɛ ɫɛɢ ɝɣ ɢɧɩɡɠɭɠ ɨɛɬɩɦɩɟɡɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ
ɬɝʀɡɩɹɬɮɧʀɳɳɹ
Ʌɛɭɠɞɩɫɣɲɨɩɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɠɨɩɢɛɬɣɪɛɭɣɧɠɦɠɨɮɥɛɝɮɮɥɩɨɭɠɤɨɠɫɟɦɺɥɛɝɣɝɢɠɫɨɛɰ0
ǾȓȑȡșȬȐȎțțȭȟȠȡȝȓțȬȝȜȚȓșȡ
Ʉɚɜɚɦɨɠɟɛɭɬɢɩɟɪɟɦɟɥɚɧɚɛɿɥɶɲɚɛɨɦɟɧɲɦɿɥɤɨɭɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿɜɿɞɛɚɠɚɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɸɩɨɦɟɥɭ
ɋɬɭɩɿɧɶɩɨɦɟɥɭɜɩɥɢɜɚɽɧɚɫɢɥɭɫɦɚɤɭɤɚɜɢɿɹɤɿɫɬɶɤɪɟɦɨɜɨʀɩɿɧɤɢȼɢɦɨɠɟɬɟɫɩɪɨɛɭɜɚɬɢɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ
ɰɟɣɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɳɨɛɡɧɚɣɬɢɿɞɟɚɥɶɧɟɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɳɨɡɚɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɹɽɜɚɲɫɦɚɤ
ɇɚɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɿɞɥɹɤɚɜɢɜɡɟɪɧɚɯɽɲɤɚɥɚɜɿɞɞɨȻɿɥɶɲɿɰɢɮɪɢɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶɛɿɥɶɲɝɪɭɛɨɦɭɩɨɦɟɥɭ
Ɇɟɧɲɿɰɢɮɪɢɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɛɿɥɶɲɦɿɥɤɨɦɭɩɨɦɟɥɭ
ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɤɚɜɭ ɿɡɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɦɩɨɦɟɥɭ
ɉɨɬɿɦɜɢɡɦɨɠɟɬɟɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɬɭɩɿɧɶɩɨɦɟɥɭɳɨɛɡɧɚɣɬɢɿɞɟɚɥɶɧɟɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɳɨɡɚɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɹɽɜɚɲɫɦɚɤ
ɓɨɛ ɜɿɞɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɫɬɭɩɿɧɶ ɩɨɦɟɥɭ ɤɚɜɢ ɦɿɥɤɚ ɚɛɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɚ ɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶ ɜɧɢɡ ɜɚɠɿɥɶ
ɪɨɡɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ2ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɞɥɹɤɚɜɢɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɞɥɹɤɚɜɢɡɚɝɨɞɢɧɧɢɤɨɜɨɸɫɬɪɿɥɤɨɸɹɤɳɨ
ɜɢɛɚɠɚɽɬɟɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɦɿɥɤɭɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɿɫɬɶɚɛɨɩɪɨɬɢɝɨɞɢɧɧɢɤɨɜɨʀɫɬɪɿɥɤɢɹɤɳɨɜɢɛɚɠɚɽɬɟɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢ
ɛɿɥɶɲɤɪɭɩɧɭɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɿɫɬɶɊɢɫ
119
UA
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɐɹɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɛɭɬɢɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɚɿɡɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɨɸɤɚɜɨɦɨɥɤɨɸ
ɐɹɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɛɭɬɢɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɚɿɡɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɸɤɪɢɲɤɨɸɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɞɥɹɤɚɜɢ1
ǽȜȒȎȥȎȘȎȐȖ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɨɱɧɟɝɨɪɿɬɢɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿ
ɤɚɜɢ
ɩɨɱɧɟɝɨɪɿɬɢɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨɜɤɚɡɭɸɱɢɧɚɬɟɳɨɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɣɛɨɣɥɟɪɝɨɬɨɜɢɣɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɤ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ɩɿɞ ɤɚɜɨɦɨɥɤɭ Ɋɢɫ ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɤɪɢɥɶɰɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɤɚ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ɜ ɨɩɨɪɭ ɩɿɞ
ɤɚɜɨɦɨɥɤɨɸ ɉɿɫɥɹ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɤɚ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ) ɞɨ ɨɩɨɪɢ ɳɨ ɩɿɞ ɤɚɜɨɦɨɥɤɨɸ ɛɭɞɟ
ɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɦɟɥɟɧɚɤɚɜɚɄɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɜɩɥɢɜɚɽɧɚɫɢɥɭɫɦɚɤɭɤɚɜɢɿɹɤɿɫɬɶɤɪɟɦɨɜɨʀɩɿɧɤɢ
ɇɠɦɠɨɮɥɛɝɮɮɟɠɫɡɛɥɮɯʀɦɷɭɫɛɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩɢɦɠɞɥɛɬɪɫɠɬɮɝɛɭɣɭɠɧɪɠɫɩɧɋɣɬ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɭɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɟɝɧɿɡɞɨ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ⱦɨɛɪɟɡɚɬɹɝɧɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɜɿɧɦɿɰɧɨɡ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɢɣɡɮɥɚɧɰɟɦɊɢɫ
əɤɳɨɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɛɭɥɚɧɚɫɢɩɚɧɚɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɦɨɠɟɜɢɹɜɢɬɢɫɹɜɚɠɤɨɡɚɬɹɝɧɭɬɢ
ɞɨɤɿɧɰɹɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɿɿɚɛɨɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɠɟɜɢɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ
ɜɢɬɿɤ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɡɚɥɢɲɚɸɱɢɣɨɝɨɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɦɭɝɧɿɡɞɨɧɚɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɩɨɱɢɧɚɬɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢɳɨɛɧɚɜɿɬɶɩɟɪɲɚɤɚɜɚɛɭɥɚɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɐɶɨɝɨɧɟɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɪɨɛɢɬɢ
ɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢ
Ʉɨɥɢɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢ
ɩɨɱɧɟɝɨɪɿɬɢɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨɰɟɨɡɧɚɱɚɬɢɦɟɳɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɞɨɫɹɝ
ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨʀɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɿɝɨɬɨɜɢɣɞɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢ ɳɨɛɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɤɚɜɢɊɢɫ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢ
ɛɭɞɟɛɥɢɦɚɬɢ
ɓɨɛɩɟɪɟɪɜɚɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɡɧɨɜɭɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
əɤ ɿ ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯ ɤɚɜɨɦɚɲɢɧ ɧɟ ɡɧɿɦɚɣɬɟ ɞɟɪɠɚɤ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ɤɨɥɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɱɿ
ɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɚ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɹɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɡɚɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɧɚɣɦɧɿɞɟɫɹɬɶɫɟɤɭɧɞɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɭɜɚɬɢɞɟɪɠɚɤ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɳɨɛɡɧɹɬɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɣɨɝɨɫɩɪɚɜɚɧɚɥɿɜɨɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɛɪɢɡɨɤ
ɜɨɞɢɚɛɨɤɚɜɢ
ɚɥɴɩɝɣɨɣɥɛɹɭɷɨɠɢɨɛɲɨʀɝɣɥɣɟɣɪɛɫɣɢɞɨʀɢɟɛɟɠɫɡɛɥɛɯʀɦɷɭɫɛɱɠɺɝɣɴɠɪɩɝɣɨɨɩɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɭɣɬɷ
ɺɥɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɠ
DzȳȟȠȎȐȎțțȭȢȳșȪȠȞȎ
ɓɨɛɞɿɫɬɚɬɢɮɿɥɶɬɪɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɮɿɥɶɬɪɩɪɨɬɢɝɨɞɢɧɧɢɤɨɜɨʀɫɬɪɿɥɤɢɊɢɫȾɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪ
ȂȡțȘȤȳȭȎȐȠȜȚȎȠȖȥțȜȑȜȐȖȚȘțȓțțȭ
ɐɹɤɚɜɨɦɚɲɢɧɚɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɸɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨɧɨɜɢɯɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɿɜɭɫɮɟɪɿ
ɟɧɟɪɝɨɡɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ əɤɳɨ ɦɚɲɢɧɚ ɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɚ ɚɥɟ ɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ɫɩɪɚɰɸɽɮɭɧɤɰɿɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɓɨɛɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɧɨɜɭɤɚɜɭɡɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹɡɧɨɜɭɭɜɿɦɤɧɭɬɢ
ɦɚɲɢɧɭɧɚɬɢɫɧɭɜɲɢɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɓɨɛɩɨɞɚɬɢɤɚɜɭɞɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢ ɩɨɱɧɟɝɨɪɿɬɢɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨ
120
UA
ǻȎȝȜȐțȓțțȭȏȎȘȡȒșȭȐȜȒȖȝȳȒȥȎȟȐȖȘȜȞȖȟȠȎțțȭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɜɠɞɢɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɜɚɬɢɪɿɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɢɭɛɚɤɭəɤɳɨɭɛɚɤɭɧɟɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɶɫɹɜɨɞɢɡɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ
ɜɿɛɪɚɰɿɹɿɫɢɥɶɧɢɣɲɭɦ
ȼɢɦɤɧɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɿ ɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟ ɜɢɥɤɭ ɜɿɞ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶ ɛɚɤ ɞɨ ɜɤɚɡɚɧɨɝɨ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɿ
ɭɜɿɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǸǮǽȁȅǥǻǼ
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɣɬɟ ɤɚɜɭ ɉɟɪɟɞ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɬɪɭɛɤɢ ɩɚɪɢ ɞɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ ɩɚɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɳɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɤ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɡɧɹɬɢɣɡɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɚ
ɓɨɛ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢ ɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɨ ɝɚɪɹɱɢɣ ɲɨɤɨɥɚɞ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɝɪɿɬɢ ɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɣ ɿɧɲɢɣ ɧɚɩɿɣ ɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀɩɚɪɢ ɳɨɛɚɤɬɢɜɭɜɚɬɢɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɩɚɪɢɊɢɫ
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɮɭɧɤɰɿʀɩɚɪɢɩɨɱɧɟɛɥɢɦɚɬɢ
ɜɤɚɡɭɸɱɢɧɚɬɟɳɨɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɣɛɨɣɥɟɪɩɨɱɢɧɚɽɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɚɥɴɩɨɛ ɠɭɛɪʀ ɩɲʀɥɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɛɫɣ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɹɭɷ ɨɠɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɝɣɥɣɟɣɪɛɫɣ ɢ ɞɨʀɢɟɛ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɥɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɥɛ
ɯʀɦɷɭɫɛɱɠɺɝɣɴɠɪɩɝɣɨɨɩɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɭɣɬɷɺɥɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɠ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɚɪɢɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɽɦɤɨɫɬɿɡɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɞɥɹɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɊɢɫ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜȻɟɪɿɬɶɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɚɪɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɝɭɦɨɜɭɱɚɫɬɢɧɭ
Ʉɨɥɢɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɮɭɧɤɰɿʀɩɚɪɢ
ɩɨɱɧɟɝɨɪɿɬɢɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ4ɳɨɛ
ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɊɢɫ
Ɂɚɧɭɪɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɚɪɢɭɦɨɥɨɤɨɞɨɞɧɚɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ4ɡɚɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɡ¶ɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ
ɝɭɫɬɚɿɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɚɩɿɧɤɚ
ɓɨɛɩɟɪɟɪɜɚɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɚɪɢɜɿɞɩɭɫɬɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ4
Ɋʀɬɦɺɥɩɡɨɩɞɩɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺɝɣɥɩɨɮɤɭɠɪɩɟɛɲɮɪɛɫɣɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɹɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛɬɠɥɮɨɟɴɩɜɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɭɣ
ɩɭɝʀɫɯɩɫɬɮɨɥɣɪɛɫɣɝʀɟɧɩɡɦɣɝɣɰɢɛɦɣɳɥʀɝɧɩɦɩɥɛ
ɓɨɛɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɩɚɪɢɡɧɨɜɭɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɮɭɧɤɰɿʀɩɚɪɢ Ɇɚɲɢɧɚɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɩɟɪɟɣɞɟ
ɞɨɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɢɯɭɦɨɜɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢ
ǽǼǰȀǼǾǻdzǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍDzǹȍǸǮǰǶ
ɓɨɛɩɟɪɟɣɬɢɜɿɞɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɞɨɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɨɯɨɥɨɞɢɬɢɛɨɣɥɟɪ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɽɦɤɿɫɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɊɢɫ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿ ɤɚɜɢ ɿ ɭɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟ ɧɚɬɢɫɧɟɧɨɸɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿ ɩɚɪɢ 4 ɳɨɛ ɜɢɩɭɫɬɢɬɢ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɩɚɪɢɿɨɯɨɥɨɞɢɬɢɛɨɣɥɟɪ
Ⱦɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɚɪɢɩɨɱɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɜɨɞɚ
Ⱦɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢ ɩɨɱɧɟɝɨɪɿɬɢɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢ
ɤɚɜɭ
ǸǼǾǶǿǻǥǽǼǾǮDzǶDzǹȍǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǿǺǮȅǻǼDZǼdzǿǽǾdzǿǼǽǼ
ǥȀǮǹǥǷǿȊǸǶ
ɋɬɭɩɿɧɶ ɩɨɦɟɥɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɦɟɥɟɧɨʀ ɤɚɜɢ ɫɩɪɟɫɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɚɜɢ ɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɤɭ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ɿ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɱɿ
ɜɨɞɢɜɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɶɧɚɫɢɥɭɫɦɚɤɭɤɚɜɢɿɹɤɿɫɬɶɤɪɟɦɨɜɨʀɩɿɧɤɢȼɢɦɨɠɟɬɟɫɩɪɨɛɭɜɚɬɢɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɬɢɨɞɢɧɚɛɨ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɿɡɰɢɯɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɿɜɳɨɛɡɧɚɣɬɢɿɞɟɚɥɶɧɟɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɳɨɡɚɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɹɽɜɚɲɫɦɚɤ
əɤɳɨɜɢɨɛɢɪɚɽɬɟɛɿɥɶɲɦɿɥɤɢɣɩɨɦɟɥɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟɩɪɨɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶɡɛɿɥɶɲɢɬɢɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɭ
ɞɟɪɠɚɤɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɫɥɚɛɲɟɫɩɪɟɫɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɤɚɜɭɬɟɦɩɟɪɨɦɿɧɚɤɲɟɤɚɜɚɦɨɠɟɛɭɬɢɜɨɞɹɧɢɫɬɨɸȱɧɚɜɩɚɤɢ
ɹɤɳɨɩɨɦɟɥɝɪɭɛɢɣɡɦɟɧɲɿɬɶɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɬɚɫɢɥɶɧɿɲɟɫɩɪɟɫɨɜɭɣɬɟɤɚɜɭ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɨɦ
Ɇɟɥɟɧɭɤɚɜɭɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɡɥɟɝɤɚɫɩɪɟɫɭɜɚɬɢ
Ɂɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɤɚɜɭɜɡɟɪɧɚɯɭɡɚɤɪɢɬɿɣɛɚɧɰɿɭɩɪɨɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɡɧɢɡɶɤɨɸɜɨɥɨɝɿɫɬɸəɤɳɨɰɟɦɨɠɥɢɜɨ
ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟ ɤɚɜɭ ɭ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɿ Ʉɭɩɥɹɣɬɟ ɤɚɜɭ ɭ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɯ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚɯ ɳɨɛ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɦɚɬɢ ɫɜɿɠɭ ɤɚɜɭ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɦɟɥɭ
121
UA
ȀdzȃǻǥȅǻdzǼǯǿǹȁDZǼǰȁǰǮǻǻȍǽǾǶǹǮDzȁ
ǾȜȕȏșȜȘȡȐȎțțȭȘȎȐȜȚȜșȘȖ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɨɦɨɥɤɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɱɧɟɛɥɢɦɚɬɢɡɿɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦɜ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɭ
ɉɪɢɱɢɧɨɸ ɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɚɛɪɭɞɧɟɧɧɹ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɜɨɜɢɯ ɡɟɪɟɧ ɲɤɚɪɚɥɭɩɚ ɚɛɨ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɿ
ɤɚɦɿɧɱɢɤɢɳɨɡɚɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɥɢɠɨɪɧɚ
ɋɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɜɿɞɡɚɥɢɲɤɿɜɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɜɧɢɡɜɚɠɿɥɶɪɨɡɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ2ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɞɥɹɤɚɜɢɜɡɟɪɧɚɯ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɞɥɹɤɚɜɢɜɡɟɪɧɚɯ0ɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɜɹɤɨɦɭɫɢɦɜɨɥɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣɧɚɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɿ
ɡɛɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹɿɡɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦɧɚɦɚɲɢɧɿɊɢɫɁɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɧɹɳɨɡɚɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɥɢɠɨɪɧɚɜɢɩɚɞɭɬɶɭɤɚɧɚɥɞɥɹ
ɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɤ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ɩɿɞ ɤɚɜɨɦɨɥɤɭ Ɋɢɫ ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɤɪɢɥɶɰɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɤɚ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ɜ ɨɩɨɪɭ ɩɿɞ
ɤɚɜɨɦɨɥɤɨɸɉɪɢɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ)ɞɨɨɩɨɪɢɳɨɩɿɞɤɚɜɨɦɨɥɤɨɸ
Ⱦɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɜɢɯɨɞɭɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚȼɢɤɢɧɶɬɟɦɟɥɟɧɭɤɚɜɭɳɨɛɥɿɤɜɿɞɭɜɚɬɢɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɧɹ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɢɣɫɬɭɩɿɧɶɩɨɦɟɥɭ
ɉɪɨɞɨɜɠɿɬɶɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢ
əɤɳɨɩɿɫɥɹɬɪɶɨɯɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɢɯɫɩɪɨɛɤɚɜɨɦɨɥɤɚɧɟɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɽɬɶɫɹɬɚɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɛɥɨɤɨɜɚɧɨɸɤɧɨɩɤɢ
, ɿ ɩɨɱɧɭɬɶɲɜɢɞɤɨɛɥɢɦɚɬɢ
ɍɬɚɤɨɦɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɡɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɫɹɞɨɧɚɣɛɥɢɠɱɨɝɨɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɭ
ȅǶǿȀǸǮǽǾǶǹǮDzȁ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɢɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɿɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɚɰɟɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɿ ɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɸɬɶ
ɣɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɦɢɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ɭ ɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɿ ɇɟ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɹɦɿɫɬɪɭɦɢɜɨɞɢ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȢȳșȪȠȞȎȒșȭȚȓșȓțȜȴȘȎȐȖ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɳɨ ɨɬɜɨɪɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿ ȼɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɝɚɪɹɱɨʀ ɜɨɞɢ ɡ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɤɨɦ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɚɥɟɛɟɡɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɳɨɛɪɨɡɱɢɧɢɬɢɚɛɨɜɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɤɚɜɢɚɛɨɛɪɭɞɭ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɉɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɠɧɿɦɿɫɹɰɿɪɟɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɮɿɥɶɬɪɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢɧɚɹɜɧɿɭɩɪɨɞɚɠɭɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ
ɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɜɬɚɞɿɸɱɢɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɨɞɧɭɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭɦɢɸɱɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɛɟɡɤɚɜɢɤɨɥɢɦɚɲɢɧɚɞɨɛɪɟɧɚɝɪɿɬɚɦɿɧɿɦɭɦ
ɩɿɫɥɹɯɜɢɥɢɧɧɚɝɪɿɜɭ
ɉɪɢɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɞɨɦɚɲɢɧɢɿɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɽɦɤɿɫɬɶɩɿɞɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢ ɳɨɛɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɤɚɜɢ
Ɂɭɩɢɧɿɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɿ ɡɚɥɢɲɬɟ ɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭ ɩɨɞɿɹɬɢ ɦɿɧɿɦɭɦ ɧɚ ɯɜɢɥɢɧ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɸɱɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɤ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɦɭɦɚɲɢɧɭ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɩɨɞɚɱɿɜɨɞɢɁɚɥɢɲɬɟɭɫɬɚɧɿɫɩɨɤɨɸɧɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɉɨɜɬɨɪɸɣɬɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɞɨ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɞɜɨɯɛɚɤɿɜɜɨɞɢ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɡɦɚɲɢɧɢɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɞɨɛɪɟɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟɣɨɝɨɩɿɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸ
ȼɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɿɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɝɧɿɡɞɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɳɨɛɜɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɦɢɸɱɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭ
ɍɜɿɦɤɧɿɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɩɨɞɚɣɬɟɳɟɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɱɚɲɤɢɜɨɞɢɳɨɛɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɢ
ɩɪɨɦɢɜɚɧɧɹ
əɤɳɨ ɤɚɜɨɦɚɲɢɧɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɳɨɞɟɧɧɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɦɿɧɿɦɭɦ
ɤɨɠɧɿɬɪɢɦɿɫɹɰɿ
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ȅȖȟȠȘȎȘȜȚȝȜțȓțȠȳȐ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɢɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɬɚɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɨɸɜɢɥɤɨɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɤɨɥɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɭɜ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨɝɨ
ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ
ɉɨɦɢɣɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɜɨɞɿɿɡɦɢɣɧɢɦɡɚɫɨɛɨɦɊɟɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟɿɜɢɬɪɿɬɶ
ɞɨɫɭɯɚɭɫɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɉɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶ ɧɟɪɭɯɨɦɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɭ ɜɨɥɨɝɭ ɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɭ ɳɨɛ ɧɟ
ɩɨɲɤɨɞɢɬɢɤɨɪɩɭɫ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȑțȳȕȒȎȒȓȞȔȎȘȎȢȳșȪȠȞȎ
ɍɯɨɞɿɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɭɝɧɿɡɞɿɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɠɭɬɶɡɹɜɢɬɢɫɹɜɿɞɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹɤɚɜɨɜɨʀɝɭɳɿ
ɹɤɿɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɝɭɛɤɢɊɢɫɚɛɨɩɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɜɲɢɜɨɞɭɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢ
ɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɦɢɣɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɭɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȠȞȡȏȘȖȝȎȞȖ
ɉɿɫɥɹɤɨɠɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɢɤɨɧɭɣɬɟɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɚɪɢɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɸɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɳɨɛɡɜɿɥɶɧɢɬɢɨɬɜɿɪ
ɜɿɞɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɯɡɚɥɢɲɤɿɜ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ȼɢɤɨɧɭɣɬɟɰɸɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɤɨɥɢɯɪɨɦɨɜɚɧɚɬɪɭɛɤɚɯɨɥɨɞɧɚɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɨɩɿɤɿɜ
əɤɳɨɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɜɿɞɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɭɩɚɪɢɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɊɢɫɿɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟʀʀɩɿɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɌɪɭɛɤɭ
ɦɨɠɧɚ ɱɢɫɬɢɬɢ ɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸ ɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸ ɇɚɤɪɭɬɿɬɶ ɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɭ ɩɚɪɢ ɞɨ ɤɿɧɰɹ ɯɨɞɭ əɤɳɨ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨ
ɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣɨɬɜɿɪɜɢɯɨɞɭɩɚɪɢɊɢɫ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȞȓȦȳȠȘȖȳȝȳȒȒȜțȡȒșȭȘȞȎȝȓșȪ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɢɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɬɚɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɨɸɜɢɥɤɨɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɤɨɥɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɭɜ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨɝɨ
ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ
ɉɚɦɹɬɚɣɬɟɩɪɨɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶɩɟɪɿɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɩɨɪɨɠɧɸɜɚɬɢɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɪɟɲɿɬɤɭɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤ-
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ.ɡɦɚɲɢɧɢɫɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɬɶɣɨɝɨɿɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟɩɿɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸ
Ɍɚɤɨɠɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟɪɟɲɿɬɤɭɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤ
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UA
ǰǶDzǮǹdzǻǻȍǻǮǽǶǸȁ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɢɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɿɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɦɚɲɢɧɭɭɪɨɛɨɱɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɿɿɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɸɬɶɫɬɪɨɤʀʀ
ɫɥɭɠɛɢɡɧɚɱɧɨɡɧɢɠɭɸɱɢɪɢɡɢɤɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɭɩɪɢɫɬɪɨʀəɤɳɨɩɨɩɪɢɜɫɿɡɚɯɨɞɢɡɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɱɟɪɟɡ
ɩɟɜɧɢɣɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɚɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɨɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɡɚɝɪɨɡɨɸɱɟɪɟɡɱɚɫɬɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɠɨɪɫɬɤɨʀɚɛɨɜɚɩɧɢɫɬɨʀ
ɜɨɞɢɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɡɦɚɲɢɧɢɳɨɛɭɫɭɧɭɬɢɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɿɫɬɶȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɞɥɹɰɿɽʀ
ɦɟɬɢɡɚɫɿɛɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɿɥɢɦɨɧɧɨʀɤɢɫɥɨɬɢɐɟɣɡɚɫɿɛɦɨɠɧɚɩɪɢɞɛɚɬɢɭɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ
ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɧɟɫɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ
ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɳɨɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯɡɚɫɨɛɿɜɡɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɶɜɤɚɡɿɜɨɤɳɨɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɿɜɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀɞɨɡɚɫɨɛɭ
ɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭ
ǰǶǰǥDzǵdzǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǥǦ
ɍɪɚɡɿɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɡɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɬɢɜɢɥɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɫɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɬɢɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɫɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɬɢɿɩɪɨɦɢɬɢɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɞɢɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ³ɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ´
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢɪɨɡɞɿɥɟɧɧɹɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜɹɤɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢɫɹɭɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɿ
ɦɚɲɢɧɢɬɚʀɯɩɟɪɟɪɨɛɤɭɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɜɿɞʀɯɫɤɥɚɞɭɬɚɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɶɡɚɤɨɧɿɜɳɨɞɿɸɬɶɭɄɪɚʀɧɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ǰǸǮǵǥǰǸǶDzǹȍȁǿȁǻdzǻǻȍǻdzǿǽǾǮǰǻǼǿȀdzǷ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɧɟɩɨɥɚɞɨɤɭɪɨɛɨɬɿɧɟɝɚɣɧɨɜɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
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Ɇɚɥɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢɿɧɚɫɨɫ
ɧɟɜɫɦɨɤɬɭɽ
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ɧɶɨɦɭɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɣɪɿɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɢ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɪɿɜɧɹ
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Ɉɬɜɿɪɜɢɯɨɞɭɩɚɪɢ
ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɢɣ
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɜɚɩɧɹɧɿ
ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɧɹɳɨɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹɭɨɬɜɨɪɚɯɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɚɪɢ
Ʉɚɜɚɡɚɧɚɞɬɨ
ɜɨɞɹɧɢɫɬɚɿ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɚ
ɋɭɦɿɲɡɦɟɥɟɧɚɡɚɧɚɞɬɨ
ɝɪɭɛɨ
ɓɨɛɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɛɿɥɶɲɧɚɫɢɱɟɧɭɿɝɚɪɹɱɭɤɚɜɭɫɥɿɞ
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Ʉɚɜɨɦɨɥɤɚ
ɡɚɛɥɨɤɨɜɚɧɚ
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ɡɟɪɟɧ
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ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɂ ɉɊɂɑɂɇɂ ȼɂɊȱɒȿɇɇə
Ʉɚɜɚɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɱɟɪɟɡɤɪɚʀ
ɞɟɪɠɚɤɚ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
Ƀɦɨɜɿɪɧɨɳɨɭɮɿɥɶɬɪ
ɧɚɫɢɩɚɧɨɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɹɤɚɡɚɜɚɞɢɥɚ
ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɡɚɬɹɝɧɭɬɢɞɟɪɠɚɤ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɿ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɝɧɿɡɞɨ
ɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɝɭɛɤɨɸɊɢɫɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸ
ɩɨɤɥɚɜɲɢɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɤɚɜɢ
ɇɚɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱɿɝɧɿɡɞɚ
ɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɡɚɥɢɲɢɥɢɫɶɡɚɥɢɲɤɢ
ɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ
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ɧɚɤɢɩɭɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɡɚɫɨɛɭ$ULHWH12&$/ɹɤɢɣ
ɦɨɠɧɚɩɪɢɞɛɚɬɢɭɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ$ULHWH
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ȼɢɯɿɞɧɢɣɨɬɜɿɪɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɞɥɹ
ɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɢɣ
ɉɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢ
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɢɣɨɬɜɿɪɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭ
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ɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɣɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɰɿ
Ɂɚɧɚɞɬɨɦɿɥɤɚɫɭɦɿɲ
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Ɂɚɧɚɞɬɨɫɩɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɚɫɭɦɿɲ
ɤɚɜɢ
ɋɩɪɟɫɨɜɭɣɬɟɤɚɜɭɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɡɦɟɧɲɨɸɫɢɥɨɸ
ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ
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ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɛɚɤɩɪɢɬɢɫɧɭɜɲɢɣɨɝɨɞɨ
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