Ariete 1324/10 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for 1324/10 by Ariete which is a product in the Coffee Makers category. This manual has pages.
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COD. 4085100600 REV. 1 del 17/05/2019
827070
De’ Longhi Appliances Srl
Divisione Commerciale Ariete
Via San Quirico, 300
50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI)
E-Mail: info@ariete.net
Internet: www.ariete.net
800-809065
1324
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Coffee machine
Machine à café
Kaffeemaschine
Cafetera
Máquina de café
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DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLIANCE
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
Starting the appliance
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DESCALING
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A PROPÓSITO DE ESTE MANUAL
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62
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65
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66
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REINIGING VAN HET APPARAAT
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ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮijȣȜȐııİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢIJȠȣİȡȖȠıIJĮıȓȠȣįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣ
ȩIJȚįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚįȦȡİȐȞIJİȤȞȚțȒȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȖȚĮIJȚȢȗȘȝȚȑȢʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘ-
țĮȞĮʌȩĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒĮʌȩȑȞĮ
İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓDŽNJǂǕǂǍNJNjǒƽǑǂNJDžNJƽ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡĮIJȦȞİIJȫȞțĮȚ
ȐIJȠȝĮȝİİȚįȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȒĮʌȩȐIJȠȝĮʌȠȣįİȞȑȤȠȣȞIJȘȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘʌİȓȡĮ
ȝȩȞȠıIJȘȞʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȣʌİȪșȣȞȠȒʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞįȚĮ-
ȕȐıİȚțĮȚțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐ
IJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
IJĮʌĮȚįȚȐįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȅțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢțĮȚȘıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘʌȠȣĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠĮȣIJȩįİȞʌȡȑ-
ʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞİʌȚIJȒȡȘıȘİȞȩȢİȞȒȜȚțĮ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȖțĮIJĮȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘįȚȐșİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚ-
įȚȫȞįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJİȪıİIJİțȩȕȠȞIJĮȢ
IJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣȞĮIJĮȝȑȡȘ
IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȖȚĮȝȚțȡȐ
ʌĮȚįȚȐʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘȕİȜȩȞĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪıIJȘȞįȚȐșİıȘIJȦȞȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚįȚȫȞȆȡȑʌİȚ
ȞĮIJȘȞijȣȜȐȟİIJİıİȑȞĮıȓȖȠȣȡȠȝȑȡȠȢȖȚĮIJȓȣʌȐȡȤİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠȢțĮIJȐʌȠıȘȢȒ
IJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȂȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİıİȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȞĮȑȤȠȣȞʌȡȩıȕĮıȘıIJȠțĮ-
ȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ȆȡȚȞıȣȞįȑıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩįȓțIJȣȠȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘʌȠȣ
ĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓȝİIJȘȞIJȐıȘIJȠȣ
įȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢ
Ǿ ȤȡȒıȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȫȞȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗȦȞ ȝȘİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȦȞ ĮʌȩIJȠ İȡȖȠıIJȐıȚȠ
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚȗȘȝȚȑȢȒĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮ
ȆȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ǹȞʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚȗȘȝȚȐIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJĮșİȓıİ
ȑȞĮİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠțȑȞIJȡȠIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒıİțȐșİʌİȡȓʌIJȦ-
ıȘĮʌȩȑȞĮȞĮįİȚȠȪȤȠȘȜİțIJȡȠȜȩȖȠȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠțȜİȚıșİȓȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣ-
ȞȠȢ
ȂȘȞȕȡȑȤİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓ
ȞĮȖȓȞİȚȕȡĮȤȣțȪțȜȦȝĮ
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİʌȑȝȕĮıȘțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪ
ȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢ
ȂȘȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
71
EL
ȃĮıȕȒȞİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİ-
IJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLJLjǍNJƽǓǂǑǝDžNJƽǗǐǒdžǓƽnjnjdžǓǂNJǕǀdžǓ
ȂȘȞĮȞĮıȘțȫȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȚȐȞȠȞIJȐȢIJȘȞĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪȒIJȠȜİțĮȞȐ-
țȚȆȚȐıIJİIJȘȞĮʌȩIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢ
ǼʌȚȜȑȟIJİȑȞĮȤȫȡȠȝİİʌĮȡțȒijȦIJȚıȝȩțĮȚĮİȡȚıȝȩțĮȚȝİȝȚĮʌȡȓȗĮİȪțȠȜĮ
ʌȡȠıʌİȜȐıȚȝȘ
ǹʌȠijȪȖİIJİȞĮȕȐȜİIJİıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȩIJĮȞĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİıIJİĮʌȩIJȠȤȫȡȠʌȠȣ
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ
ȆȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțĮȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐ-
ȞİȚĮ
ǻİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȑʌİıİțȐIJȦĮȞȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞİȝijĮ-
ȞİȓȢȗȘȝȚȑȢȒȞĮʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚįȚĮȡȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞ
ȑȤİȚȗȘȝȚȐIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȒIJȠijȚȢȒĮȞʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚİȜȐIJIJȦȝĮȘıȣıțİȣȒǵȜİȢȠȚ
İʌȚıțİȣȑȢțĮȚȘĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚ
ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐĮʌȩİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮțȑȞIJȡĮIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒĮʌȩ
IJİȤȞȚțȠȪȢIJȘȢ$ULHWHȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ƲǒǐdžNJDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjDŽNJǂdžDŽNjǂǞǍǂǕǂ
ȂȘȞțĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩȒIJȠȞĮIJȝȩʌȐȞȦıĮȢȤİȚȡȚıIJİȓIJİȝİʌȡȠıȠ-
ȤȒIJȠȞıȦȜȒȞĮĮIJȝȠȪțȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ
ǵIJĮȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȘȝȘȤĮȞȒȝȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJĮİȟȦIJİȡȚțȐȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐIJȝȒȝĮIJȐIJȘȢțĮȚ
IJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȐșİIJİȑȖțĮȣȝĮ
ǹȞįİȞİțȡȑİȚȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȑȤİȚijȡȐȟİȚIJȠijȓȜ-
IJȡȠ7KHUPRFUHDPȈIJȘȞʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘĮȣIJȒĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘIJȣȤȩȞȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮ
ȒİțIJȩȟİȣıȘȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢIJȘȢıȤİIJȚțȒȢ
ʌĮȡĮȖȡȐijȠȣ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮıIJĮșİȡȩİʌȓʌİįȠȩʌȠȣįİȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ȞĮĮȞĮʌȠįȠȖȣȡȓıİȚ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩȖȚĮIJȓșĮțĮİȓȘĮȞIJȜȓĮ
ȂȘȞȖİȝȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİȗİıIJȩȒțĮȣIJȩȞİȡȩ
ȂȘȞIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȫıİȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȒțȠȞIJȐıİȖȣȝȞȑȢijȜȩ-
ȖİȢȖȚĮȞĮȝȘȞȖȓȞİȚȗȘȝȚȐıIJȠʌİȡȓȕȜȘȝȐIJȘȢ
ȉȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȘȜİțIJȡȠįȩIJȘıȘȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐİȚıİȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮİȡȚȠȪȤȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚįȚȠȟİȓįȚȠIJȠȣȐȞșȡĮțĮ
ȂȘȞȕȐȗİIJİıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠțĮȝȓĮȐȜȜȘȠȣıȓĮİțIJȩȢĮʌȩțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮ
ȖȓȞİȚıȠȕĮȡȒȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞIJȠȢȤĮȝȘȜȩIJİȡȘĮʌȩÛ&
72
EL
įİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȖȫıİȚIJȠȞİȡȩıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮțĮȚȞĮİʌĮțȠȜȠȣșȒıİȚ
ȗȘȝȚȐ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȣʌĮȓșȡȚȠȤȫȡȠ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıIJȠȣȢĮIJȝȠıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢȕȡȠ-
ȤȒȒȜȚȠțȜʌ
ǹijȠȪȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮțĮȚĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıȠȣȞIJĮȗİıIJȐİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȚıIJİȓĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓȝȩȜȚȢȕȠȣ-
IJȘȖȝȑȞȠıIJȠȞİȡȩȝİȜȓȖİȢıIJĮȖȩȞİȢȠȣįȑIJİȡȠȣĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢȝȘȞ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑįȚĮȜȪIJİȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞȠȣȞȗȘȝȚȐıIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐ
ƷƶƭƣưƵƧƣƶƵƧƴƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴ
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
$ ȀĮʌȐțȚįȠȤİȓȠȣ . ǺȐıȘijȜȠIJȑȡ
% ǹijĮȚȡȠȪȝİȞȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ / ȈȦȜȒȞĮȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
& ȈȫȝĮȝȘȤĮȞȒȢ 0 ǹijĮȚȡȠȪȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
' ȀĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ 1ǹıijĮȜȚıIJȚțȒȕȓįĮįȚȐIJȡȘIJȠȣįȓıțȠȣ
( ȆȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ 2ǹıijȐȜİȚĮĮțȚȞȘIJȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
) ȆȜȒțIJȡȠĮIJȝȠȪ 3 ȊʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
*ȀȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȒĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ 4 ǻȚȐIJȡȘIJȠȢįȓıțȠȢ
³ǹȃǹȂȅȃǾ´ȝȘȤĮȞȒıİĮȞĮȝȠȞȒ 5 ĭȓȜIJȡȠțĮijȑijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑ 6 ĭȓȜIJȡȠțĮijȑijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒĮIJȝȠȪȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ 7 ĭȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮIJĮȝʌȜȑIJİȢȘ
+ ǹʌȠıʌȫȝİȞȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ 8ȆȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚįȠıȠȝİIJȡȘIJȒȢțĮijȑ
, ȈȤȐȡĮ 9 ǺİȜȩȞĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪ
- DzȞįİȚȟȘʌȦȢȖȑȝȚıİIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ
ƴǕǐNJǘdžǀǂǂǎǂDŽǎǟǒNJǔLjǓ
ȈIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮʌȠȣȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘȑįȡĮıȘȢIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚIJĮʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıIJȠȚȤİȓĮ
ĮȞĮȖȞȫȡȚıȘȢ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢțĮȚıȒȝĮȞıȘ&(ǼȅȀ
ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠȂȠG
ĮȡıİȚȡȐȢ61
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘȢ9țĮȚıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ+]
țĮIJĮȞĮȜȚıțȩȝİȞȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȚıȤȪȢ:
ʌȡȐıȚȞȠIJȘȜȑijȦȞȠįȦȡİȐȞțȜȒıȘIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘ
ǵIJĮȞĮʌİȣșȪȞİıIJİıIJĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȞĮĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠȝȠȞIJȑȜȠțĮȚIJȠȞ
ĮȡȚșȝȩıİȚȡȐȢIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢ
ƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƥƫƣƵƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ƪƾǔLjǔdžnjdžNJǕǐǖǒDŽǀǂ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪįȚțIJȪȠȣĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓȝİIJȘȞIJȐıȘʌȠȣĮȞĮȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮIJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮİʌȓʌİįȘİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ȀĮIJȐIJȘȞʌȡȫIJȘȤȡȒıȘʌȜȪȞİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ%țĮȚȖİȝȓıIJİIJȠȝİįȡȠıİȡȩȞİȡȩǼȚțȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ
0$;ʌȡȠıȑȤȠȞIJĮȢȞĮIJȠȟĮȞĮȕȐȜİIJİıȦıIJȐıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣǼȚț
73
EL
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣıȔȟįțIJȧIJijȑijȡʍȡȚıijșȞȒȟȡijȡİȡȥıȔȡİțįĴȡȢıijțȜȑșȞșȥįȟȓȞʍȡȢıȔȟįȞșȟĴijțȑȥȟıț
ȜįĴȒ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮʌȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘ
ƲǒǟǕǐƽǎǂǍǍǂ
ǹijȠȪȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩșȑıIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒʌĮIJȫȞIJĮȢIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠ(ǼȚț
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȢȩIJȠȣȘıȣıțİȣȒijIJȐıİȚIJȘıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȩʌȠIJİșĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩ
ȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢȝİIJȐȜİʌIJȐʌİȡȓʌȠȣǾıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚIJȫȡĮıİțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘǹȃǹȂȅ-
ȃǾȈțĮȚİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȘȖȚĮIJȘȞİʌȩȝİȞȘijȐıȘȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮIJȘȢȕȐıȘȢIJȘȢ
ȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚȖȣȡȓıIJİIJȠȞįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ*ʌȡȠȢIJȘȞșȑıȘțĮijȑ ȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮIJȡȑȤİȚȞİȡȩ
ĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
ƣǗǂǀǒdžǔLjǗǀnjǕǒǐǖ
ȈǾȂǼǿȍȈǾǾȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚȝİİȞıȦȝĮIJȦȝȑȞȠIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮīȚĮȞĮįİȓIJİʌȦȢ
ĮijĮȚȡİȓIJĮȚIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȣșİȓIJİIJȚȢİȚțȩȞİȢȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮȞĮıȘțȫȞȠȞIJȐȢIJȠ
ȝİIJĮįȐțIJȣȜĮ
ƲƺƴƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƬƣƷƧ
ǼʌȚȜȑȟIJİIJȠİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȩijȓȜIJȡȠ5ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮȚ6ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮȚIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
ǻȠıȠȝİIJȡȒıIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠțĮȚʌȚȑıIJİİȜĮijȡȐȝİIJȠİȚįȚțȩʌȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚǼȚțȖȚĮįȪȠțĮijȑįİȢ
ȖİȝȓıIJİʌȜȒȡȦȢįȪȠȝİȗȠȪȡİȢİȞȫȖȚĮȑȞĮȞțĮijȑȖİȝȓıIJİȝȚĮȝİȗȠȪȡĮȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢ)LJ
ȉȤIJĴȔȠijıijșȟȜįȝȑʍıȢțIJijȢȒĴȡȟijȑȣijșȟįʍȪijįįȢțIJijıȢȑʍȢȡȣijįİıȠțȑȜįțȖıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣıȔȟįț
ȜįȝȑįIJĴįȝțIJȞȒȟșIJijșĴȝȑȟijȘįǽțȜ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǹȞȕȐȜİIJİıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțĮIJĮıIJİȓįȣıȤİȡȒȢȘʌİȡȚ-
ıIJȡȠijȒIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣȒțĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣțĮijȑȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȡȠȣıȚĮıIJȠȪȞįȚĮȡȡȠȑȢ
ĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮĮijȒıİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȞĮȗİıIJĮșİȓıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢȖȚĮȝİȡȚțȐȜİʌIJȐʌȡȚȞijIJȚȐȟİIJİțĮijȑ
ȫıIJİȞĮİȓȞĮȚĮȡțİIJȐȗİıIJȩȢțĮȚȠʌȡȫIJȠȢțĮijȑȢǾįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮȣIJȒįİȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚȖȚĮIJȠȣȢİʌȩȝİȞȠȣȢ
țĮijȑįİȢ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮȒįȪȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJĮȡȐȝijȘIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚțțĮȚİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȒıIJİ
IJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒʌİȡȚıIJȡȑijȠȞIJĮȢIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓ*ʌȡȠȢIJȘȞșȑıȘIJȠȣțĮijȑ ȠțĮijȑȢșĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚĮʌȩ
IJĮȡȐȝijȘIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣīȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒİʌĮȞĮijȑȡIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓıIJȘȞțİȞIJȡȚțȒșȑıȘ
ǹȃǹȂȅȃǾȈǾȝȑȖȚıIJȘįȩıȘȖȚĮȑȞĮȞțĮijȑİıʌȡȑıȠİȓȞĮȚPO
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǵʌȦȢțĮȚıIJȚȢİʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȑȢȝȘȤĮȞȑȢțĮijȑįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮijĮȚȡİȓIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȩıȠ
ȖȓȞİIJĮȚʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑțȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ
74
EL
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǵIJĮȞIJİȜİȚȫıİȚȘʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣțĮijȑʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİįȑțĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮʌİȡȓʌȠȣʌȡȚȞĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠ-
įȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȣȡȓȗȠȞIJȐȢIJȘȞĮȡȖȐĮʌȩįİȟȚȐʌȡȠȢIJĮ
ĮȡȚıIJİȡȐȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮțĮȚİțIJȠȟİȪıİȚȢȞİȡȠȪȒțĮijȑ
īȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJĮțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮțĮijȑĮʌȩIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȦșȒıIJİʌȡȠȢIJĮİȝʌȡȩȢIJȘȞĮıijȐȜİȚĮĮțȚȞȘIJȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ
IJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣ2ʌȑȡĮȞĮʌȩIJĮȤİȓȜȘIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣĮȞĮʌȠįȠȖȣȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚIJĮȡĮțȠȣ-
ȞȒıIJİIJȘȞĮʌĮȜȐǼȚț
ǵIJĮȞȘȝȘȤĮȞȒİȓȞĮȚıİțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘǹȃǹȂȅȃǾȈIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚ-
IJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ(șĮıȕȒȞİȚțĮȚșĮĮȞȐȕİȚʌİȡȚȠįȚțȐİʌȚıȘȝĮȓȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȘȞİʌȑȝȕĮıȘIJȠȣșİȡȝȠıIJȐIJȘIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ʌȠȣȤȡȘıȚȝİȪİȚȖȚĮIJȘįȚĮIJȒȡȘıȘIJȘȢȕȑȜIJȚıIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȃĮȟİțȚȞȐIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑȝȩȞȠ
ȩIJĮȞĮȞȐȕİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮĮȣIJȩIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚİȓIJİʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȖȚĮIJȠȞʌȡȫIJȠțĮijȑİȓIJİȖȚĮIJȠȣȢİʌȩȝİȞȠȣȢ
ƥƾǍNJǔǍǂDžǐǘdžǀǐǖǎdžǒǐǞNjǂǕƽǕLjǘǒƿǔLj
ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠʌȡȚȞİȟĮȞIJȜȘșİȓIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠȞİȡȩ
ȈȕȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠīİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞȦʌȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢ
ȕȡȪıȘȢȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘʌȠȣįİȓȤȞİȚIJȠıȘȝȐįȚ³0$;´ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠıIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒȕİȕĮȚȦ-
șİȓIJİʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠțĮȚȟĮȞĮȞȐȥIJİIJȘȞ
ȈIJȘȞʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȓȞİȚIJİȜİȓȦȢȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮįȚİȚıįȪıİȚĮȑȡĮȢıIJȠțȪțȜȦȝĮʌȠȣșĮ
İȝʌȠįȓıİȚIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣțĮijȑīȚĮȞĮȟĮȞĮșȑıİIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘıȕȒıİIJİțĮȚȞĮ
ʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠțȐIJȦĮʌȩĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚĮȞȐȥIJİ
IJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒȖȣȡȓȗȠȞIJĮȢĮȝȑıȦȢIJȠȞįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ*ʌȡȠȢIJȘȞșȑıȘIJȠȣțĮijȑ
ǹijȒıIJİȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȑȞĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮȞĮİȞİȡȖȠ-
ʌȠȚȘșİȓIJȠȣįȡĮȣȜȚțȩțȪțȜȦȝĮǻȚĮțȩȥIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒİʌĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȢIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓ*ıIJȘȞțİȞIJȡȚțȒșȑıȘ
ǹȃǹȂȅȃǾȈȉȫȡĮȘȝȘȤĮȞȒșĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮįȠȣȜİȪİȚțĮȞȠȞȚțȐ
ƲƺƴƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƬƣƷƧƮƧƵƣƮƲƭƧƵƣ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ3IJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮIJĮȝʌȜȑIJİȢ7
ǺȐȜIJİIJȘȞIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠǼȚț
ȍșȒıIJİIJȘȞIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮȝİIJĮįȐȤIJȣȜĮʌȡȠȢIJȠțȐIJȦȝȑȡȠȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
ǾIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȘșİȓıIJȠțȑȞIJȡȠIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȉȫȡĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȕȐȜİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢȈȣıijȓȟIJİIJȘȞțĮȜȐʌİȡȚıIJȡȑijȠȞIJȐȢIJȘȞ
ĮʌȩIJĮĮȡȚıIJİȡȐʌȡȠȢIJĮįİȟȚȐțĮȚȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȑȤİIJİĮıijĮȜȓıİȚțĮȜȐIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮǼȚț
ǹijȠȪijIJȚȐȟİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑĮijĮȚȡȫȞIJĮȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȘIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮıijȘȞȫıİȚıIJȠʌȐȞȦ
ȝȑȡȠȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢīȚĮȞĮIJȘȞĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİȖİȓȡİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȩʌȦȢijĮȓȞİIJĮȚıIJȘȞİȚțȩȞĮ
ȖȚĮȞĮʌȑıİȚȝȑıĮȘIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮǼȚț
īȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİțĮȜȠȪȢțĮijȑįİȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȖȠȡȐȗİIJİIJĮȝʌȜȑIJİȢȝİIJȠıȒȝĮıȣȝȕĮIJȩIJȘIJĮȢ(6(
ǺȟșijįȞʍȝȒijįİıȟıȔȟįțȜįȝȑijȡʍȡȚıijșȞȒȟșȓįȟșȤʍȡİȡȥȓijȡȤĴȔȝijȢȡȤİıȟıȔȟįțȜįȝȑIJȤIJĴțȗȞȒȟș
ȞʍȡȢıȔȟįIJijȑȠȡȤȟȞıȢțȜȒȣIJijįȗȪȟıȣȟıȢȡȫįʍȪijșȟȤʍȡİȡȥȓijȡȤĴȔȝijȢȡȤ
ƲƺƴƯƣƬƣƯƧƵƧƲƣƳƱƸƩƨƧƴƵƱƶƯƧƳƱƶ
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢǼʌȠȣįİȓȤȞİȚ
ʌȦȢȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮİȓȞĮȚİʌĮȡțȒȢȖȚĮIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȒȞĮĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/ȑȞĮʌȠIJȒȡȚȒȑȞĮȝʌȡȓțȚȖȚĮȞĮıȣȜȜȑȟİIJİIJȠȗİıIJȩ
Ȟİȡȩ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓ*ıIJȘșȑıȘʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ ǼȚțĮȝȑıȦȢȝİIJȐȘȝȘȤĮȞȒșĮ
ĮȡȤȓıİȚIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ǼʌĮȞĮijȑȡIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓ*ıIJȘȞșȑıȘ³ǹȃǹȂȅȃǾ´ȖȚĮȞĮıIJĮȝĮIJȒıİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ȈIJȠIJȑȜȠȢIJȘȢįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȢIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ(șĮıȕȒȞİȚ
75
EL
țĮȚșĮĮȞȐȕİȚʌİȡȚȠįȚțȐİʌȚıȘȝĮȓȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȘȞİʌȑȝȕĮıȘIJȠȣșİȡȝȠıIJȐIJȘIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮʌȠȣȤȡȘıȚȝİȪİȚȖȚĮIJȘ
įȚĮIJȒȡȘıȘIJȘȢȕȑȜIJȚıIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
ƲƺƴƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƬƣƲƱƶƵƴƫƯƱ
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢǼʌȠȣįİȓȤȞİȚ
ʌȦȢȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮİȓȞĮȚİʌĮȡțȒȢȖȚĮIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒĮIJȝȠȪ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǹȞțĮIJȐIJȘijȐıȘĮȞĮȝȠȞȒȢIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪʌĮȡȠȣıȚĮıIJȠȪȞȝȚțȡȑȢįȚĮȡȡȠȑȢĮIJȝȠȪĮʌȩIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮIJȘȢ
ȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȖȚĮȑȞĮijȣıȚȠȜȠȖȚțȩijĮȚȞȩȝİȞȠ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȒȞĮĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/IJȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȒIJȠȝʌȡȓțȚȝİIJȠȖȐȜĮʌȠȣșȑȜİIJİȞĮ
țIJȣʌȒıİIJİʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠĮIJȝȠȪ)țĮȚȖȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓ*ıIJȘȞșȑıȘʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ ǼȚț
ǺȣșȓıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚȝȑıĮıIJȠȝʌȡȓțȚȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢǼȚțțĮȚİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒĮIJȝȠȪȝȑȤȡȚ
ȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİIJȠİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȩĮʌȠIJȑȜİıȝĮ
ȈIJȠIJȑȜȠȢIJȘȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢİʌĮȞĮijȑȡIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓ*ıIJȘȞ³ǹȃǹȂȅȃǾ´
ȂİIJȐĮʌȩțȐșİȤȡȒıȘĮijȒıIJİIJȠȞĮIJȝȩȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚȖȚĮȝİȡȚțȐįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮȫıIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİȚȘțȐȞȠȣȜĮ
ĮʌȩIJĮIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚIJȠıȦȜȒȞĮĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ƸƳƩƴƫƮƧƴƴƶƮƤƱƶƭƧƴƥƫƣƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƧƯƣƯƬƣƭƱƫƵƣƭƫƬƱƬƣƷƧ
ȅĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢțĮijȑȢȝȑıĮıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌȚȑȗİIJĮȚİȜĮijȡȐȅțĮijȑȢșĮİȓȞĮȚʌȚȠįȣȞĮIJȩȢȒ
ʌȚȠİȜĮijȡȪȢĮȞȐȜȠȖĮȝİIJȠȕĮșȝȩȐȜİıȘȢIJȠȣțĮijȑțĮȚIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJȐIJȠȣıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȁȓȖĮ
įİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮİȓȞĮȚĮȡțİIJȐȖȚĮȞĮȖİȝȓıİȚIJȠijȜȚIJȗĮȞȐțȚȝİțĮijȑǹȞȘʌĮȡȠȤȒȖȓȞİIJĮȚʌȚȠĮȡȖȐıȘȝĮȓȞİȚʌȦȢ
İȓȞĮȚİȟĮȚȡİIJȚțȐȥȚȜȠțȠȝȝȑȞȠȢȒıȣȝʌȚİıȝȑȞȠȢȠțĮijȑȢ
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǵȜİȢȠȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȠȣʌİȡȚȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȝİıȕȘıIJȒȝȘȤĮ-
ȞȒțĮȚȑȤȠȞIJĮȢȕȐȜİȚIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǾIJĮțIJȚțȒțĮșĮȡȚȩIJȘIJĮțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞıİțĮȜȒțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒȖȚĮȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠȤȡȠ-
ȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮȂȘȞʌȜȑȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚ-
İȓIJİĮʌİȣșİȓĮȢİțIJȩȟİȣıȘȞİȡȠȪ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİʌȑȝȕĮıȘʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜİȓIJĮȚȩIJĮȞȘȝȘȤĮȞȒİȓȞĮȚțȡȪĮ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǗǀnjǕǒǐǖǂnjdžǔǍƾǎǐǖNjǂǗƾ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢįİȞİȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȘȠʌȒİțȡȠȒȢIJȠȣțĮijȑįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȝİIJȘȕİȜȩȞĮʌȠȣ
ʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ9ǼȚț
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȃĮİȓıIJİʌȠȜȪʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȠȓȩIJĮȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘȕİȜȩȞĮȖȚĮȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
IJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ
īȚĮȞĮįȚĮȜȣșȠȪȞȒȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȣȞșȠȪȞIJĮIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮțĮijȑțĮȚȠȚĮțĮșĮȡıȓİȢĮijȒıIJİȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚțĮȣIJȩ
ȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȑȤȠȞIJĮȢIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİȚIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȤȦȡȓȢțĮijȑțĮȚĮijȠȪȕȐȜİIJİțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJĮ
ȡȐȝijȘȑȞĮʌȠIJȒȡȚȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİțĮȜȐIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ5Ȓ6țȐșİȝȒȞİȢʌİȡȓʌȠȣȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫ-
ȞIJĮȢIJȚȢțĮșĮȡȚıIJȚțȑȢIJĮȝʌȜȑIJİȢ&2))((&/($1IJȘȢ$ULHWHʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮʌȡȠȝȘșİȣIJİȓIJİıIJĮțĮIJĮıIJȒ-
ȝĮIJĮʌȫȜȘıȘȢțĮȚıIJĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢĮțȠȜȠȣșȫȞIJĮȢIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢ
76
EL
ʌȠȣĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮǼȞĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȝȚĮIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮĮʌȜȠȪĮʌȠȡ-
ȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪȖȚĮʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚĮʌȚȐIJȦȞȤȦȡȓȢȖȣĮȜȚıIJȚțȩȒȐȜȜĮȤȘȝȚțȐʌȡȩıșİIJĮȝİIJȠȞİȟȒȢIJȡȩʌȠ
ǺȐȜIJİıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȤȦȡȓȢțĮijȑȝȚĮIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪȖȚĮʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚĮʌȚȐIJȦȞȩIJĮȞȘȝȘȤĮȞȒİȓȞĮȚ
țĮȜȐȗİıIJȒįȘȜĮįȒȝİIJȐĮʌȩIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȜİʌIJȘșȑȡȝĮȞıȘ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒțĮȚȕȐȜIJİĮʌȩțȐIJȦȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠȞįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ*ʌȡȠȢIJȘȞșȑıȘțĮijȑ ȖȚĮȞĮȟİțȚȞȒıİȚȘİțȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪǹijȒıIJİIJȠȞİȡȩȞĮ
İțȡİȪıİȚȖȚĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮ
ǻȚĮțȩȥIJİIJȘȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪțĮȚĮijȒıIJİIJȘȞIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪȞĮİȞİȡȖȒıİȚȖȚĮIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȜİʌIJȐ
ĮijȒȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȘıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘȞįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮİțȡȠȒȢȞİȡȠȪĮijȒȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȘȞĮȞIJȜȓĮȞĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȒıİȚȖȚĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİ-
ʌIJĮțĮȚȪıIJİȡĮȞĮıIJĮȝĮIJȒıİȚȖȚĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮȝȑȤȡȚȞĮIJİȜİȚȫıİȚIJȠȞİȡȩıIJĮįȪȠįȠȤİȓĮ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠțĮȚȟİʌȜȪȞIJİIJȠțĮȜȐȝİIJȠȞİȡȩIJȘȢ
ȕȡȪıȘȢ
ȈȕȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮʌȠıȣȞįȑıIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢțĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮ
ıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚIJȘȞȑįȡĮʌȠȣʌȡȠıĮȡȝȩȗİIJĮȚȘȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİIJİĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚ-
țȠȪĮʌȩIJȚȢȠʌȑȢİțȡȠȒȢIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
ǹȞȐȥIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȕȐȜIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚĮijȒıIJİȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚȞİȡȩȖȚĮIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ȫıIJİȞĮȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓIJȠȟȑȕȖĮȜȝĮ
ǹȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțĮșȘȝİȡȚȞȐIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒțĮijȑıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮțȐȞİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮțĮșĮȡȚ-
ıȝȠȪIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞțȐșİIJȡİȚȢȝȒȞİȢ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓƾDžǒǂǓǖǑǐDžǐǘƿǓǗǀnjǕǒǐǖ
ȂİIJȘȤȡȒıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮıȣııȦȡİȣIJȠȪȞțĮIJĮțȐșȚĮțĮijȑıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠʌȠșȑIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
IJĮȠʌȠȓĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİȝİȝȚĮȠįȠȞIJȠȖȜȣijȓįĮǼȚțȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚȒĮijȒȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȠȞİȡȩ
ȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǐǖǔǚnjƿǎǂǂǕǍǐǞLJdžǔǕǐǞǎdžǒǐǞ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǼțIJİȜȑıIJİIJȘȞİȡȖĮıȓĮĮȣIJȒȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚțȡȪȠIJȠȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJĮİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠıȦȜȒȞĮĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/ǼȚțțĮȚʌȜȪȞIJİIJȠȞȝİIJȡİȤȠȪȝİȞȠȞİȡȩȉȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțĮșĮȡȚıIJİȓȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩ ʌĮȞȓȈȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖȒıIJİ IJȠıȦȜȒȞĮ ĮIJȝȠȪȦșȫȞIJĮȢIJȠȞIJȑȡȝĮıIJȘȞ
ȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣǹȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİIJȘȕİȜȩȞĮ9IJȘȞȠʌȒİțȡȠȒȢIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪǼȚțȂİIJȐĮʌȩțȐșİ
ȤȡȒıȘĮijȒıIJİȞĮȕȖİȚĮIJȝȩȢȖȚĮȜȓȖĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮȫıIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİȚȘȠʌȒĮʌȩIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǐǖDžǐǘdžǀǐǖ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİʌİȡȚȠįȚțȐIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖȐȡȚȒȑȞĮȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǔǘƽǒǂǓNjǂNJnjdžNjǂǎƽNjNJǔǖnjnjǐDŽƿǓǔǕǂDŽǝǎǚǎ
ȋʍıȟȚȤȞȔȘȡȤȞıʍȧȣʍȢȒʍıțȜȑȚıijȪIJȡȟįįİıțȑȘıijıijȡȝıȜįȟȑȜțIJȤȝȝȡȗȓȣIJijįȗȪȟȧȟ+
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ+ĮʌȩIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒǼȚțĮįİȚȐıIJİIJȠțĮȚțĮȚʌȜȪȞIJİIJȠ
ȝİIJȡİȤȠȪȝİȞȠȞİȡȩțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȡȪıȘ
ȆȜȪȞIJİIJȘıȤȐȡĮ,ıİIJȡİȤȠȪȝİȞȠȞİȡȩ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǔǟǍǂǕǐǓǍLjǘǂǎƿǓ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮıIJĮșİȡȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮĮʌĮȜȩȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓȖȚĮȞĮȝȘȞțȐȞİIJİ
ȗȘȝȚȐ
ƣƷƣƫƳƧƴƩƣƭƣƵƺƯ
ǾIJĮțIJȚțȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘțĮȚțĮșĮȡȚȩIJȘIJĮįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒıİțĮȜȒțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȖȚĮȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚ-
ȐıIJȘȝĮȝİȚȫȞȠȞIJĮȢıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȐIJȠȞțȓȞįȣȞȠıȤȘȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪĮȜȐIJȦȞıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǹȞȩȝȦȢȝİIJȘȞʌȐȡȠįȠIJȠȣ
77
EL
ȤȡȩȞȠȣȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐıİȚțȐʌȠȚİȢĮȞȦȝĮȜȓİȢİȟĮȚIJȓĮȢIJȘȢȤȡȒıȘȢȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮıțȜȘȡȠȪ
ȞİȡȠȪȝİȝİȖȐȜȘʌİȡȚİțIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮĮȜȐIJȦȞȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮʌȡȠȕİȓIJİıIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȒIJȠȣȢȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠțĮIJĮ-
ıIJȒıİIJİIJȘȞțĮȞȠȞȚțȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȖȚĮIJȠıțȠʌȩĮȣIJȩĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐIJȠʌȡȠȧȩȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢ
ĮȜȐIJȦȞ12&$/IJȘȢ$ULHWHʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚțȚIJȡȚțȩȠȟȪȉȠʌȡȠȧȩȞĮȣIJȩʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚıIJĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȉİȤȞȚțȒȢ
ǼȟȣʌȘȡȑIJȘıȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢIJȘȢ$ULHWHǾ$ULHWHįİȞĮȞĮȜĮȝȕȐȞİȚțĮȝȓĮİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȕȜȐȕİȢıIJĮİıȦIJİȡȚțȐİȟĮȡ-
IJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢțĮijȑʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘțĮȞĮʌȩIJȘȤȡȒıȘĮıȪȝȕĮIJȦȞʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȦȞʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤȠȣȞȤȘȝȚțȐ
ʌȡȩıșİIJĮīȚĮIJȘȞįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢIJȦȞĮȜȐIJȦȞıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȣșİȓIJİIJȠȑȞIJȣʌȠȠįȘȖȚȫȞʌȠȣșĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢ
ƣƸƳƩƴƵƧƶƴƩƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣįİȞʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮȟĮȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮʌȠıȣȞįȑıİIJİĮʌȩIJȠ
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩįȓțIJȣȠȞĮĮįİȚȐıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪțĮȚIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞțĮȚȞĮIJȘȞțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİ
ȕȜȑʌİʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ³ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ´ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘįȚȐȜȣıȘȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȟİȤȦȡȓıİIJİIJĮįȚȐijȠȡĮ
ȣȜȚțȐIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢțĮȚȞĮIJĮįȚĮșȑıİIJİıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢțİȓȝİȞİȢįȚĮIJȐȟİȚȢIJȘȢȤȫȡĮȢıĮȢ
ƲƺƴƯƣƣƲƱƬƣƵƣƴƵƩƴƧƵƧƵƫƴƲƣƳƣƬƣƵƺƣƯƺƮƣƭƫƧƴ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȚțȫȞĮȞȦȝĮȜȚȫȞıȕȒıIJİĮȝȑıȦȢIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒțĮȚȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȆȇȅǺȁǾȂǹȉǹ ǹǿȉǿǼȈ ǻǿȅȇĬȍȉǿȀǼȈǼȆǼȂǺǹȈǼǿȈ
ǾȝȘȤĮȞȒįİȞ
ȕȖȐȗİȚĮIJȝȩ ȉȠȞİȡȩİȓȞĮȚȜȓȖȠțĮȚȘĮȞIJȜȓĮ
įİȞIJȡĮȕȐİȚ ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJȠįȠȤİȓȠİȓȞĮȚțĮȜȐIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠțĮȚ
ʌȦȢȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪİȓȞĮȚțĮȞȠȞȚțȒ
īİȝȓıIJİȝİȞȦʌȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ
ʌȠȣįİȓȤȞİȚIJȠıȘȝȐįȚ³0$;´
ĭȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒİȟȩįȠȣIJȠȣ
ĮIJȝȠȪ ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİIJȘȕİȜȩȞĮIJȚȢĮțĮșĮȡıȓİȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮ
ijȡȐȗȠȣȞIJȚȢȠʌȑȢıIJȠıȦȜȒȞĮĮIJȝȠȪ
ǼțȡȠȒțĮijȑ
ĮʌȩIJĮȐțȡĮ
IJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȆȚșĮȞȩȞȞĮȣʌȐȡȤİȚ
ȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑ
ʌȠȣİȝʌȠįȓȗİȚIJȘıȦıIJȒ
ıȪıijȚȟȘIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ıIJȘșȑıȘIJȘȢ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȕȐıȘ
IJȘȢȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚǼȚțǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘȞ
įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȕȐȗȠȞIJĮȢıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣIJȘ
ıȦıIJȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑ
ȀĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑ
ıIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮIJȘȢȑįȡĮȢ
İijĮȡȝȠȖȒȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮȝİȝȚĮȠįȠȞIJȠȖȜȣijȓįĮȒȑȞĮ
ıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚǼȚț
ǼȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȘȠʌȒİțȡȠȒȢ
țĮijȑıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚ
IJȠȞĮȜİıȝȑȞȠțĮijȑ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘ
ȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȝİIJȘȞțĮȡijȓIJıĮ
ʌȠȣșĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİ
IJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢIJȚȢIJĮȝʌȜȑIJİȢ&2))((
&/($1IJȘȢ$ULHWHțĮȚĮțȠȜȠȣșȫȞIJĮȢIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢʌȠȣșĮ
ȕȡİȓIJİıIJȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣȢ
ǼȜĮIJIJȦȝĮIJȚțȒIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮ ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘ
ȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȑįȡĮıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚǼȚț
ǹȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJȒıIJİIJȠIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
78
EL
ȆȇȅǺȁǾȂǹȉǹ ǹǿȉǿǼȈ ǻǿȅȇĬȍȉǿȀǼȈǼȆǼȂǺǹȈǼǿȈ
ǻİȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑ
ȒȖȓȞİIJĮȚʌȠȜȪ
ĮȡȖȐ
ĭȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢȠʌȑȢıIJȘȞȑįȡĮ
ıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢ ĬȑıIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒȤȦȡȓȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ĮijȒȞȠȞIJĮȢȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚIJȠȞİȡȩǹȞIJȠȞİȡȩıȣȞİȤȓıİȚȞĮ
ȝȘȞİțȡȑİȚȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮĮʌȩȩȜİȢIJȚȢȠʌȑȢțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮ
ȐȜĮIJĮȝİIJȠʌȡȠȧȩȞ12&$/IJȘȢ$ULHWHʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮ
ʌȡȠȝȘșİȣșİȓIJİıIJĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
IJȘȢ$ULHWHțĮȚĮțȠȜȠȣșȫȞIJĮȢIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢʌȠȣșĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣȢ
ǼȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȘȠʌȒİțȡȠȒȢ
țĮijȑıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚ
IJȠȞĮȜİıȝȑȞȠțĮijȑ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘ
ȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȝİIJȘȞțĮȡijȓIJıĮ
ʌȠȣșĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİ
IJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢIJȚȢIJĮȝʌȜȑIJİȢ&2))((
&/($1IJȘȢ$ULHWHțĮȚĮțȠȜȠȣșȫȞIJĮȢIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢʌȠȣșĮ
ȕȡİȓIJİıIJȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣȢ
ȆȠȜȪȜİʌIJȩȤĮȡȝȐȞȚ
ĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑ ǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȤĮȡȝȐȞȚĮțĮijȑ
ȤȠȞIJȡȩIJİȡȠȣȢțȩțțȠȣȢ
ȆȠȜȪʌȚİıȝȑȞȠȤĮȡȝȐȞȚțĮijȑ ȆȚȑıIJİȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠIJȠȞțĮijȑȝİIJȠʌȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚ
ȉȠįȠȤİȓȠįİȞİȓȞĮȚțĮȜȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠ ȍșȒıIJİIJȠIJȑȡȝĮıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣ
ȉȠȞİȡȩİȓȞĮȚȜȓȖȠțĮȚȘĮȞIJȜȓĮ
įİȞIJȡĮȕȐİȚ ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJȠįȠȤİȓȠİȓȞĮȚțĮȜȐIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠțĮȚ
ʌȦȢȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪİȓȞĮȚțĮȞȠȞȚțȒīİȝȓıIJİȝİȞȦʌȩ
ȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘʌȠȣįİȓȤȞİȚIJȠ
ıȘȝȐįȚ³0$;´
ǼȜĮIJIJȦȝĮIJȚțȒIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮ ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘ
ȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȑįȡĮıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚǼȚț
ǹȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJȒıIJİIJȠIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȈʌĮıȝȑȞȘIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮ ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘ
ȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȑįȡĮıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚǼȚț
ǹȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJȒıIJİIJȠIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȅțĮijȑȢİȓȞĮȚ
ʌȠȜȪțȡȪȠȢȒ
ʌȠȜȪ³ȞİȡȠȣȜȩȢ´
ȋȠȞIJȡĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢțĮijȑȢ īȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİʌȣțȞȩIJİȡȠțĮȚʌȚȠȗİıIJȩțĮijȑʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȑȞĮʌȚȠȥȚȜȠțȠȝȝȑȞȠȤĮȡȝȐȞȚ
79
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ǿǼDzdzǾǴǮǻǶdzDzǮǻǻǼǷǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶǶ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨ ɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ
ɡɚɳɢɬɨɣɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢɦɟɪɚɦɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɜɦɢ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟȿɫɥɢɜɵɪɟɲɢɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɪɭɤɢɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɟ-
ɪɟɞɚɬɶɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɷɬɭɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢɨɛɨɡɧɚ-
ɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦ
ɍɝɪɨɡɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɚɹɢɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
Ɇɟɪɵɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶdzǽǼǻǮǵǻǮȅdzǻǶȌ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟɢɤɚɩɭɱɱɢɧɨɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɞɨɦɚɲ-
ɧɟɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɟɞɨɥɠɟɧɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹɜɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɥɢɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯɰɟɥɹɯɅɸɛɨɟɞɪɭ-
ɝɨɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɟɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬɟɝɨɨɬɥɸɛɨɣ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɢɭɳɟɪɛɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣ-
ɫɬɜɚɧɟɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɜɥɟɱɟɬɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɨɬɦɟɧɭɥɸɛɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
ǼǿȀǮȀǼȅǻȉdzǾǶǿǸǶ
ȼɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɧɟɜɯɨɞɹɬ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɡɚɳɢɬɵɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɨɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɵɦɜɵɯɨɞɨɦɫɬɪɭɢ
ɩɚɪɚɢɥɢɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ±ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɚɪɚɢɥɢɜɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɹɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɧɟɪɟ-
ɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɬɪɭɸɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɫɟɛɹɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɥɸɞɟɣɌɪɭɛɤɭɦɨɠɧɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɡɚɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸɱɚɫɬɶ
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɺɦɤɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵɢɡɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɩɪɨ-
ɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ǰǮǴǻȉdzǽǾdzDzǼǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǶȍ
ɊɀɋɀȿɊɀɋȽɖɇɃɌɊɉɆɗɂɉȽȻɈɃɀɇɊɋɃȼɉɋȻɈɀɉȼɐɉȿɃɇɉȽɈɃɇȻ-
ɍɀɆɗɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɍɗɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɎəɃɈɌɍɋɎɅɑɃə
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɢɥɢɩɨɯɨ-
ɠɢɯɧɚɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɟɤɚɤɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɡɨɧɚɯɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɡɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨ-
ɧɚɥɚɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɜɜɨɮɢɫɚɯɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ
ɧɚɮɟɪɦɚɯ
ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɵɦɨɬɟɥɢɦɢɧɢɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɵɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɥɵɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶ-
80
RU
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɝɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɜɰɟɥɹɯɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɦɪɭɤɨ-
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɬɤɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɟɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɣɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɩɪɢɟɝɨɨɬɫɵɥɤɟɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪ-
ɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȒșȭȒȓȠȓȗ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɦɨɝɭɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɟɬɢɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬɢɥɢɰɚɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɦɢɢɥɢɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɥɢɛɨɛɟɡɞɨ-
ɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɨɩɵɬɚɢɥɢɡɧɚɧɢɣɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɨɦɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɡɚ
ɢɯɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɥɢɰɚɢɥɢɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɢ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɨɛɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɣɫɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɞɟɬɹɦɢɝɪɚɬɶɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
Ⱦɟɬɢɧɟɞɨɥɠɧɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ
ɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɛɟɡɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɫɪɨɤɚɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɹɯɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɫɞɟɥɚɜɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɧɟɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɩɨ-
ɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɝɪɭɲɤɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɭɥɚɜɤɭɞɥɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɜɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣɦɟɫɬɚɯɢɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ
ɟɟɜɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɝɥɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹɢɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
Ⱦɟɪɠɚɬɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɜɞɚɥɢɨɬɞɟɬɟɣɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɤɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɱɬɨɛɵ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɜɧɢɠɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨ-
ɜɚɥɨɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣɫɟɬɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɟɣɧɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɜɥɟɱɶɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɢɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
ɉɪɟɠɞɟɱɟɦɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɬɶɤɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɟɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɛɚɤɚɜɨɞɨɣɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɬɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɲɧɭɪɚɨɧɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɟɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ-
ɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɢɥɢɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨ-
ɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɚɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ɂɡɛɟɝɚɣɬɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫɜɨɞɨɣɞɟɬɚɥɟɣɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɞɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦɜɨɡ-
ɦɨɠɧɨɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ
81
RU
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɧɭɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɇɟɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɛɚɤɚɜɨɞɨɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɜɵɧɭɬɶ
ɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ȁȑȞȜȕȎȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȡȧȓȞȏȎȐȩȕȐȎțțȎȭȖțȩȚȖ
ȝȞȖȥȖțȎȚȖ
ɇɟɥɶɡɹɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɬɶɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɞɟɪɠɚɟɝɨɡɚɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɢɥɢɡɚɜɚɧɧɨɱɤɭ
ɚɬɨɥɶɤɨɡɚɤɨɪɩɭɫ
Ⱦɥɹɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɟɝɞɚɜɵɛɢɪɚɣɬɟɯɨ-
ɪɨɲɨɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɟɢɱɢɫɬɨɟɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɨɣɪɚɫɩɨ-
ɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟ
ɇɟɧɚɥɢɜɚɬɶɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɨɞɵɜɛɚɤ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɟɝɨɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɬɨɨɧɧɟɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚ-
ɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɥɢɭɬɟɱɤɢɜɨɞɵɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣ-
ɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɲɧɭɪɟɢɥɢɜɢɥɤɟɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɫɚɦɨɦ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ Ʌɸɛɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɡɚɦɟɧɭ ɲɧɭɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯȺɪɢɷɬɟɢɥɢɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɰɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ$ULHWHɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ǺȓȞȩȏȓȕȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȖȝȜȝȞȓȒȜȠȐȞȎȧȓțȖȬȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɫɬɪɭɸɩɚɪɚɢɥɢɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɱɚɫɬɟɣɬɟɥɚɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢɫɬɪɭɛ-
ɤɨɣɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɢɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɤɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɦɦɟ-
ɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɱɚɫɬɹɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɫɚɦɨɝɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɜɵɯɨɞɚɜɨɞɵɢɡɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦɡɚ-
ɫɨɪɟɧɢɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ7KHUPRFUHDPȼɷɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɧɭɬɶɚɡɚɬɟɦ
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟɞɚɜɥɟ-
ɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝɉɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɹɫɶɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜ
ȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɨɩɪɨɤɢɞɵɜɚɧɢɹɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɪɨɜɧɨɣ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɛɟɡɜɨɞɵɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɜɵɯɨɞɚɢɡɫɬɪɨɹ
ɧɚɫɨɫɚ
82
RU
ɇɟɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɛɚɤɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɢɥɢɤɢɩɹɬɤɨɦ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɟɝɨ
ɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɪɹɞɨɦɫɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢɨɝɧɹ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨ-
ɫɬɹɦɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɜɨɞɭɫɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨɝɚɡɚ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɡɚɫɵɩɚɬɶɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɥɸɛɵɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɤɪɨɦɟɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨ
ɤɨɮɟɗɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɢ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɧɟɧɢɠɟ& ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɫɬɚɬɨɤɜɨɞɵɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɦɨɠɟɬ
ɡɚɦɟɪɡɧɭɬɶɱɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
ɇɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɠɞɶ
ɫɨɥɧɰɟɢɬɩ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɜɢɥɤɢɨɬɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɢɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢ-
ɛɨɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɟɝɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɥɟɝɤɚɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɧɨɣ
ɦɹɝɤɨɣɬɤɚɧɢɫɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɨɸɳɟ-
ɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɧɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɜɪɟ-
ɞɢɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢ
ȃȞȎțȖȠȪțȎȟȠȜȭȧȓȓȞȡȘȜȐȜȒȟȠȐȜȝȜȫȘȟȝșȡȎȠȎȤȖȖ
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdzǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
$ Ʉɪɵɲɤɚɛɚɤɚ . Ɉɩɨɪɚɞɥɹɩɨɩɥɚɜɤɚ
% ɋɴɟɦɧɵɣɛɚɱɨɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ / Ɍɪɭɛɤɚɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
& Ʉɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
0 ȼɵɞɜɢɠɧɚɹɪɟɲɟɬɱɚɬɚɹɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɚɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɱɟɤ
' Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ 1ȼɢɧɬɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɞɢɫɤɚɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ
( Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ 2ɍɩɨɪɞɥɹɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
) Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɚɪɚ 3 Ⱦɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
*Ɋɭɱɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟɢɥɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ 4 Ⱦɢɫɤɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ
³67$1'%<´ɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɚɜɪɟɠɢɦɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ 5 Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɤɨɮɟɧɚɱɚɲɤɭ
ɩɨɞɚɱɚɤɨɮɟ 6 Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɤɨɮɟɧɚɱɚɲɤɢ
ɩɨɞɚɱɚɩɚɪɚɢɥɢɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ 7 Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɥɞ
+ ɋɴɟɦɧɵɣɤɚɩɥɟɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ 8Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɦɟɪɤɚɞɥɹɤɨɮɟ
, Ɋɟɲɟɬɤɚ 9 Ȼɭɥɚɜɤɚɞɥɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
- ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɤɚɩɥɟɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ
ǶȒȓțȠȖȢȖȘȎȤȖȜțțȩȓȒȎțțȩȓ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɣɫɹɩɨɞɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɭɤɚɡɚɧɵɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚȿɋ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ0RG
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣʋ61
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟȼɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ:
ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɚɹɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɚɹɫɥɭɠɛɚɬɟɯɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɉɪɢɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢɡɚɹɜɤɢɜȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪ
83
RU
ǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶȍǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ǽȜȒȑȜȠȜȐȘȎȘȫȘȟȝșȡȎȠȎȤȖȖ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɜɚɲɟɣɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣɫɟɬɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦɭɧɚ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɫɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɞɚɧɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɪɨɜɧɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɉɨɦɵɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ%ɩɟɪɟɞɩɟɪɜɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɢɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɟɝɨɫɜɟɠɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɊɢɫɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɫɨɬɦɟɬɤɨɣ0$;ɚɡɚɬɟɦɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɟɝɨɧɚɦɟɫɬɨɊɢɫ
Ɋɫɩɝɠɫɣɭɷɲɭɩɜɶɰɩɫɩɳɩɜɶɦɝɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫɣɨɛɲɠɛɪɪɛɫɛɭɨɠɬɧɩɡɠɭɝɶɫɛɜɛɭɶɝɛɭɷ
ɥɩɯɠ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ǽȓȞȐȜȓȐȘșȬȥȓțȖȓ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɜɛɚɤɫɜɟɠɟɣɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɦɚɲɢɧɭɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦɧɚɤɧɨɩɤɭ(ɊɢɫȾɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶ
ɱɬɨɛɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɞɨɫɬɢɝɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɢɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɝɨɪɟɥɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɩɪɢ-
ɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɟɪɟɡɦɢɧɭɬɵɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɪɟɠɢɦɟ67$1'%<ɢɝɨɬɨɜɤɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣɮɚɡɟɉɨɦɟ-
ɫɬɢɬɶɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɮɥɚɧɰɟɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɢɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɪɭɱɤɭ*ɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɦɟɬɤɢɄɨɮɟ
ɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪɩɨɤɚɧɟɫɬɚɧɟɬɜɵɬɟɤɚɬɶɜɨɞɚɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
ǶȕȐșȓȥȓțȖȓȢȖșȪȠȞȎ
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿȾɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɭɠɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦɧɚɱɚɲɤɢɍɤɚ-
ɡɚɧɢɹɩɨɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɸɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵɧɚɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯɄɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɦɨɠɧɨɢɡɜɥɟɱɶɩɚɥɶ-
ɰɚɦɢ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǹdzǻǶdzǸǼȂdz
ȼɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɠɟɥɚɟɦɵɣɮɢɥɶɬɪ5ɧɚɢɥɢɧɚɱɚɲɤɢ6ɢɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɝɨɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸɞɨɡɭɤɨɮɟɢɫɥɟɝɤɚɫɩɪɟɫɫɭɣɬɟɟɝɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɬɟɦɩɟɪɨɦɊɢɫ
ɞɥɹɞɜɭɯɤɨɮɟɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɞɜɚɦɟɪɧɵɯɫɬɚɤɚɧɱɢɤɚɤɨɝɞɚɞɥɹɨɞɧɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɨɞɢɧɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɊɢɫ
ɐɩɫɩɳɩɢɛɡɣɧɛɺɪɫɣɸɭɩɧɝɫɛɴɛɺɠɞɩɬɦɠɝɛɨɛɪɫɛɝɛɮɜɠɟɣɭɷɬɺɝɭɩɧɲɭɩɩɨɰɩɫɩɳɩɪɫɣɥɫɠ-
ɪɦɻɨɥɯɦɛɨɱɮɋɣɬ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȿɫɥɢɧɚɫɵɩɚɬɶɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɣɧɨɣɫɦɟɫɢɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɬɨɟɝɨɛɭɞɟɬɬɪɭɞɧɨɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɶɜɝɧɟɡ-
ɞɟɢɢɥɢɝɨɬɨɜɵɣɤɨɮɟɛɭɞɟɬɫɬɟɤɚɬɶɩɨɛɨɤɚɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɉɪɢɩɟɪɜɨɦɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɤɨɮɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɸɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɦɢɧɭɬ
ɞɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨɤɨɮɟɗɬɨɧɟɧɚɞɨɛɭɞɟɬɩɪɨɞɟɥɵɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɨɞɧɭɢɥɢɞɜɟɱɚɲɤɢɩɨɞɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɢɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɟɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɨ-
ɜɟɪɧɭɜɪɭɱɤɭ*ɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɤɨɮɟ ɧɚɱɧɟɬɫɹɜɵɯɨɞɤɨɮɟɢɡɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɤɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɑɬɨɛɵ
ɩɪɟɪɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɜɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɪɟɠɢɦɚ67$1'%<Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɡɚ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɨɦɦɥ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ʉɚɤɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɚɯɜɷɬɨɦɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟɬɚɤɠɟɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɭɛɢɪɚɬɶɞɟɪ-
84
RU
ɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɨɤɨɥɨɞɟɫɹɬɢɫɟɤɭɧɞɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɫɧɹɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɩɨɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɤɨɮɟɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɫɧɹɬɶ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɟɝɨɫɩɪɚɜɚɧɚɥɟɜɨ ɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɛɪɵɡɝɨɜɜɨɞɵɢɥɢɤɨɮɟ
ɑɬɨɛɵɢɡɜɥɟɱɶɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɤɨɮɟɢɡɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɫɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɭɩɨɪɞɥɹɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ2ɜɩɟɪɟɞɡɚɩɪɟɞɟ-
ɥɵɛɨɪɬɢɤɚɫɚɦɨɝɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɢɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɜɫɬɪɹɯɧɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɊɢɫ
Ʉɨɝɞɚɦɚɲɢɧɚɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɪɟɠɢɦɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ67$1'%<ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɨɞɤɧɨɩɤɨɣɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ(ɩɟɪɢ-
ɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɝɚɫɧɟɬɢɡɚɝɨɪɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɹɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɞɥɹɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɨɩ-
ɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɨɞɵɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɬɚɤɢɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨ-
ɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɤɨɮɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɬɨɝɞɚɤɨɝɞɚɷɬɨɬɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɝɨɪɢɬɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ
ǻȎȝȜșțȓțȖȓȏȎȘȎȐȜȒȜȗȐȝȞȜȤȓȟȟȓȝȞȖȚȓțȓțȖȭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɞɨɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɜɨɞɚɬɚɦɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɬɫɹ
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɨɬ ɫɟɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɂɡɜɥɟɱɶ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɪɟ-
ɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɫɜɟɠɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɫɩɨɦɟɬɤɨɣ0$;ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɧɚɦɟɫɬɨɭɛɟɞɢɜɲɢɫɶɜ
ɬɨɦɱɬɨɨɧɯɨɪɨɲɨɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɡɚɬɟɦɜɧɨɜɶɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ȿɫɥɢɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɛɭɞɟɬɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɩɭɫɬɵɦɷɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɜɵɡɜɚɬɶɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɜɬɪɭɛɤɢɢɤɚɤɫɥɟɞ-
ɫɬɜɢɟɩɨɦɟɲɚɟɬɩɨɞɚɱɟɤɨɮɟɑɬɨɛɵɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɟɟɢ
ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɬɶɫɹɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɤɨɪɩɭɫɨɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɢɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭ
ɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɜɪɭɱɤɭ*ɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɦɟɬɤɢɄɨɮɟ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɞɚɬɶɜɵɬɟɱɶɯɨɬɹɛɵɨɞɧɨɣɱɚɲɤɟɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɞɥɹ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɉɪɟɪɜɢɬɟɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɟɪɟɜɟ-
ɞɹɪɭɱɤɭ*ɜɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɪɟɠɢɦɚ67$1'%<ɋɷɬɨɝɨɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɚɧɚɱɧɟɬɮɭɧɤ-
ɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ǸǮǸDZǼȀǼǰǶȀȊǸǼȂdzǶǿǽǼǹȊǵȁȍǸǼȂdzǰȅǮǹDzǮȃ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɞɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ3ɮɢɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɥɞ7
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɱɚɥɞɭɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɊɢɫ
ɉɪɢɞɚɜɢɬɶɱɚɥɞɭɩɚɥɶɰɚɦɢɜɨɜɧɭɬɪɶɊɢɫ
ɑɚɥɞɚɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚɜɰɟɧɬɪɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹ
Ɂɚɬɟɦɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɜɫɜɨɟɝɧɟɡɞɨɉɪɨɱɧɨɡɚɜɢɧɬɢɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɢɭɛɟ-
ɞɢɬɶɫɹɱɬɨɨɧɯɨɪɨɲɨɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɜɨɮɥɚɧɰɟɊɢɫ
ɉɨɫɥɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟɩɪɢɫɴɟɦɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɱɚɥɞɚɦɨɠɟɬɡɚɰɟɩɢɬɶɫɹɡɚɜɟɪɯɧɸɸɱɚɫɬɶ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɑɬɨɛɵɫɧɹɬɶɟɟɧɚɤɥɨɧɢɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɊɢɫɱɬɨɛɵɱɚɥɞɚɫɚɦɚɜɵɩɚɥɚɢɡɧɟɝɨ
ɑɬɨɛɵɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɤɭɫɧɵɣɤɨɮɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɶɱɚɥɞɵɫɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ
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ɀɬɦɣɲɛɦɟɛɨɠɝɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɛɥɛɥɬɦɠɟɮɠɭɣɦɣɯɣɦɷɭɫɩɟɠɫɡɛɭɠɦɷɨɠɟɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩɰɩɫɩɳɩɢɛɥɫɠɪɦɠɨ
ɝɬɝɩɠɧɞɨɠɢɟɠɝɩɢɧɩɡɠɨɝɶɰɩɟɨɠɬɥɩɦɷɥɣɰɥɛɪɠɦɷɝɩɟɶɣɢɯɣɦɷɭɫɩɟɠɫɡɛɭɠɦɺ
ǽǼDzǮȅǮDZǼǾȍȅdzǷǰǼDzȉ
Ⱦɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɛɵɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɩɨɞɤɧɨɩɤɨɣɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ(ɝɨɪɟɥɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɧɚɬɨɱɬɨ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɞɨɫɬɢɝɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɱɢɜɨɞɵ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɨɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ/ɫɬɚɤɚɧɢɥɢɤɭɜɲɢɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɜɨɞɵ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭ*ɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ Ɋɢɫ ɦɚɲɢɧɚɫɪɚɡɭɧɚɱɧɟɬ
ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɝɨɪɹɱɭɸɜɨɞɭ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭ*ɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ³67$1'%<´ɱɬɨɛɵɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɉɨɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɨɞɤɧɨɩɤɨɣɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ(ɛɭɞɟɬɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɡɚɝɨɪɚɬɶɫɹɢɝɚɫ-
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ɧɭɬɶɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɹɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɞɥɹɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜɨɞɵ
ǸǮǸǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǶȀȊǸǮǽȁȅȅǶǻǼ
Ⱦɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɛɵɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɩɨɞɤɧɨɩɤɨɣɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ(ɝɨɪɟɥɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɧɚɬɨɱɬɨ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɞɨɫɬɢɝɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜɩɚɪɚɢɡɮɥɚɧɰɚɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɧɚɷɬɚɩɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹɩɨɞɚ-
ɱɢɩɚɪɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɱɚɲɤɭɢɥɢɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɫɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɞɥɹɜɫɩɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ/
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ)ɢɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭ*ɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ Ɋɢɫ
ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɨɝɪɭɡɢɬɟɧɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɢɤɬɪɭɛɤɢɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɫɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɊɢɫɢɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɣɬɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɩɚɪɞɨ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɝɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ
ɉɨɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭ*ɧɚ³67$1'%<´
ɉɨɫɥɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɢɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɚɪɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɟɳɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɫɟɤɭɧɞɞɥɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɨɬɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɦɨɥɨɤɚȼɵɬɪɢɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɝɭɛɤɨɣ
ǸǮǸǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǶȀȊǻǮǿȀǼȍȇǶǷǶȀǮǹȊȍǻǿǸǶǷȋǿǽǾdzǿǿǼ
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɥɟɝɤɚɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɶɦɨɥɨɬɵɣɤɨɮɟɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɄɪɟɩɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɡɚ-
ɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɩɨɦɨɥɚɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɫɦɟɫɢɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɬɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɨɧɫɩɪɟɫɫɨ-
ɜɚɧɄɨɮɟɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɜɱɚɲɤɢɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɱɟɪɟɡɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɟɤɭɧɞȿɫɥɢɜɪɟɦɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɤɨɮɟɛɨɥɶɲɟ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɬɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɨɷɬɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɱɬɨɩɨɦɨɥɤɨɮɟɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɟɥɤɢɣɢɥɢɠɟɤɨɮɟɛɵɥɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɫɢɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧ
ǼȅǶǿȀǸǮǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɫɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɨɱɢɫɬɤɟɞɨɥɠɧɵɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɢ
ɜɵɬɚɳɟɧɧɨɣɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɜɢɥɤɟ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɟɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɢɱɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɟɝɨɨɬɩɨɥɨɦɨɤɢɩɨɞ-
ɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɛɨɥɟɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭ-
ɟɬɫɹɦɵɬɶɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟɇɟɥɶɡɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɹɦɵɟɫɬɪɭɢɜɨɞɵ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ʌɸɛɵɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɭɯɨɞɭ ɡɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɨɦ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ
ǼȥȖȧȓțȖȓȢȖșȪȠȞȎȜȠȜȟȠȎȠȘȜȐȚȜșȜȠȜȑȜȘȜȢȓ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɱɬɨɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɤɨɮɟɧɟɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɨɢɟɫɥɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɟɝɨɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɣ
ɢɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ9Ɋɢɫ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹɫɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɣɢɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ
ɉɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɤɢɩɹɳɭɸɜɨɞɭɱɟɪɟɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɫɨɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦɛɟɡɤɨɮɟɣɧɨɣɫɦɟ-
ɫɢɱɬɨɛɵɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɶɢɥɢɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɤɨɮɟɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɡɹɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɤɚɠɞɵɟɦɟɫɹɰɚɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ5ɢɥɢ6ɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɯɬɚɛɥɟɬɨɤ
&2))((&/($1ɨɬ$ULHWHɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɜɬɨɱɤɚɯɩɪɨɞɚɠɢɢȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ
86
RU
ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɹɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɥɢɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵɫɩɨɦɨ-
ɳɶɸɩɪɨɫɬɵɯɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɯɬɚɛɥɟɬɨɤɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɵɯɦɚɲɢɧɛɟɡɨɩɨɥɚɫɤɢɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɯɢɦɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢɯɞɨɛɚɜɨɤɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɱɢɫɬɹɳɭɸɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɵɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɛɟɡɤɨɮɟɜɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɣɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɩɨɫɥɟɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɦɢɧɭɬɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚ
ɉɪɢɤɪɟɩɢɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɢɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɩɨɞɧɢɦɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɤɨɮɟ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɪɭɱɤɭ*ɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɄɨɮɟ ɞɥɹɧɚɱɚɥɚɩɨɞɚɱɢɜɨɞɵɢɞɚɬɶɟɣɬɟɱɶɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɫɟɤ
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɜɨɞɵɫɨɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɦɜɦɚɲɢɧɭɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭ
ɞɥɹɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯɨɬɹɛɵɧɚɦɢɧɭɬ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɩɨɞɚɱɢɜɨɞɵɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɧɚɫɨɫ ɧɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɡɚɬɟɦɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɹɟɝɨɧɚ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪɩɨɤɚɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɬɫɹɜɨɞɚɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɯ
ȼɵɧɭɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɢɡɦɚɲɢɧɵɢɯɨɪɨɲɨɩɪɨɦɵɬɶɟɝɨɢɡɩɨɞɤɪɚɧɚɫɬɪɭɺɣɜɨɞɵ
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɢɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɝɭɛɤɢɦɟɫɬɨɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɞɥɹɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɩɨɪɨɲɤɚɧɚɞɭɲɟ
ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɢɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɞɚɬɶɜɵɬɟɱɶɟɳɟɯɨɬɹɛɵɞɜɭɦɱɚɲɤɚɦɜɨɞɵ
ɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɪɨɦɵɬɶɟɝɨ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɤɚɠɞɵɣɞɟɧɶɬɨɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɩɨɱɢɫɬɤɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɬɶɤɚɠɞɵɟɬɪɢ
ɦɟɫɹɰɚ
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȑțȓȕȒȎȒȓȞȔȎȠȓșȭȢȖșȪȠȞȎ
ȼɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɤɨɥɶɰɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹɡɚɫɨɯɲɢɟɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ
ɤɨɮɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɝɭɛɤɢɊɢɫɢɥɢɩɪɨɦɵɬɶɤɨɥɶɰɨɩɨɞ
ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɧɹɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȠȞȡȏȘȖȝȜȒȎȥȖȝȎȞȎȑȜȞȭȥȓȗȐȜȒȩ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜɞɚɧɧɭɸɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɩɪɢɨɯɥɚɠ-
ɞɟɧɧɨɣɯɪɨɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɬɪɭɛɤɟ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ/ɊɢɫɢɩɨɦɨɣɬɟɟɟɩɨɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɎɨɪɫɭɧɤɭ
ɦɨɠɧɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɬɪɹɩɤɨɣɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɞɨɭɩɨɪɚȿɫɥɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɛɭɥɚɜɤɢ9ɢɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɚɪɚɊɢɫɉɨɫɥɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɩɚɪɚɞɥɹɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɨɬɜɨɡɦɨɠ-
ɧɵɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɤɨɮɟ
ǼȥȖȧȓțȖȓȏȎȘȎ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɝɭɛɤɢ
ɢɥɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɢ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȞȓȦȮȠȘȖȖȝȜȒȒȜțȎ
Ɋɩɧɨɣɭɷɩɪɠɫɠɩɟɣɲɠɥɩɤɨɠɩɜɰɩɟɣɧɩɬɭɣɩɪɮɬɭɩɳɠɨɣɺɥɛɪɦɠɨɛɥɩɪɣɭɠɦɷɨɩɤɝɛɨɨɩɲɥɣ+
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɤɚɩɥɟɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ+ɫɦɚɲɢɧɵɊɢɫɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɬɟɟɝɨɢɩɪɨɦɨɣɬɟɩɨɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣ
ɉɨɦɨɣɬɟɪɟɲɟɬɤɭ,ɩɨɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȘȜȞȝȡȟȎȝȞȖȏȜȞȎ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɢɬɟɱɢɫɬɤɭɧɟɫɴɟɦɧɵɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɦɹɝɤɨɣɭɜɥɚɠɟɧɧɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɢɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ
87
RU
ȁDzǮǹdzǻǶdzǻǮǸǶǽǶ
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɢɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɚɹɱɢɫɬɤɚɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɟɝɨɨɬɜɨɡɧɢɤ-
ɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɫɧɢɠɚɹɞɨɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣɪɢɫɤɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɨɝɨɧɚɥɟɬɚȿɫɥɢɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ
ɧɚɷɬɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɱɟɪɟɡɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ-
ɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɠɟɫɬɤɨɣɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɨɞɵɬɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚȾɥɹɷɬɨɣɰɟɥɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɞɥɹɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɬ$ULHWHɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɣɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ12&$/ɗɬɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɨɠɧɨɧɚɣɬɢɜɰɟɧɬɪɚɯɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
$ULHWH$ULHWHɧɟɛɟɪɟɬɧɚɫɟɛɹɧɢɤɚɤɨɣɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɞɟɬɚ-
ɥɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɫɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹɫɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɟɣɩɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɞɥɹɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ǰȉǰǼDzǶǵȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɥɨɦɤɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɨɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɦɚɲɢɧɭɨɩɭɫɬɨɲɢɬɶɜɨɞɹɧɨɣɛɚɤɢɤɚ-
ɩɥɟɧɚɤɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɜɚɧɧɨɱɤɭɢɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ©Ɉɱɢɫɬɤɚɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚªɉɟɪɟɞɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɪɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɟɝɨɱɚɫɬɢɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɜɢɞɚɦɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɞɥɹɢɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɚɡɚɬɟɦɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɬɶɤɟɝɨɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɹɫɶɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢɩɨɥɨɠɟ-
ɧɢɹɦɢɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɚɤɬɨɜɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯɜɫɬɪɚɧɟɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
88
RU
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȁǿȀǾǮǻdzǻǶȌǻdzǸǼȀǼǾȉȃǽǾǼǯǹdzǺ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɵɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɪɚɡɭɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɢɜɵɬɚɳɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭ
ɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕ ɉɊɂɑɂɇɕ ɋɉɈɋɈȻɕɍɋɌɊȺɇȿɇɂə
ɂɡɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟ
ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɩɚɪ ȼɧɟɦɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɵɢɧɚɫɨɫ
ɧɟɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɢɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɵɜɧɟɦ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɫɜɟɠɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ0$;
Ɉɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɩɚɪɚɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɨ ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɣɢɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚɤɢɩɢɜɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɯɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
ȼɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɮɟɡɚɤɪɚɹ
ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɧɚɫɵɩɚɥɢ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɧɨɝɨɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨ
ɤɨɮɟɱɬɨɧɟɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ
ɩɪɢɠɚɬɶɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ
ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜ
ɟɝɨɝɧɟɡɞɟ
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɝɧɟɡɞɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɝɭɛɤɨɣɊɢɫɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɧɚɫɵɩɚɜɜɮɢɥɶɬɪ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɮɟ
ɇɚɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɟɜ
ɦɟɫɬɟɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ
ɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɢɬɟɱɢɫɬɤɭɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɢɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɥɢ
ɝɭɛɤɢɊɢɫ
Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧɧɨɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ
ɜɵɯɨɞɚɤɨɮɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ
ɫɦɨɥɨɬɵɦɤɨɮɟ
Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɧɹɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ
ɜɨɞɵɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɧɨɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɜɵɯɨɞɚɤɨɮɟɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɣɫɹɢɝɥɵɈɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪ
ɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɬɚɛɥɟɬɨɤ&2))((&/($1ɨɬ$ULHWHɫɥɟɞɭɹ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟ
ɑɚɥɞɚɤɨɮɟɫɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɦ Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɧɹɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ
ɜɨɞɵɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɢɬɟɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɢɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɢɥɢɝɭɛɤɢɊɢɫɁɚɦɟɧɢɬɶɱɚɥɞɭɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟ
89
RU
ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕ ɉɊɂɑɂɇɕ ɋɉɈɋɈȻɕɍɋɌɊȺɇȿɇɂə
ɉɨɞɚɱɚɤɨɮɟ
ɧɟɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
Ɉɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ
ɩɟɪɮɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɞɢɫɤɚɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹɜ
ɝɧɟɡɞɟɝɞɟɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧ
ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɡɚɫɨɪɢɥɢɫɶ
ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɛɟɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɱɬɨɛɵɞɚɬɶɜɵɬɟɱɶ
ɜɨɞɟȿɫɥɢɜɨɞɚɩɨɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭɧɟɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɢɡ
ɜɫɟɯɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɢɯɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ12&$/ɨɬ$ULHWHɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɜɰɟɧɬɪɚɯɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ$ULHWH
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟ
Ɂɚɫɨɪɟɧɧɨɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ
ɜɵɯɨɞɚɤɨɮɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ
ɫɦɨɥɨɬɵɦɤɨɮɟ
Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɧɹɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ
ɜɨɞɵɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɧɨɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɜɵɯɨɞɚɤɨɮɟɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɣɫɹɢɝɥɵɈɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪ
ɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɬɚɛɥɟɬɨɤ&2))((&/($1ɨɬ$ULHWHɫɥɟɞɭɹ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟ
ɉɨɦɨɥɤɨɮɟɣɧɨɣɫɦɟɫɢ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɟɥɤɢɣ ɉɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɣɧɭɸɫɦɟɫɶɛɨɥɟɟɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɦɨɥɚ
Ʉɨɮɟɣɧɚɹɫɦɟɫɶ
ɫɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧɚɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɫɢɥɶɧɨ
ɇɟɬɚɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ
Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɩɥɨɯɨ
ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɯɨɪɨɲɨɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɫɠɢɦɚɹɞɧɨ
ȼɧɟɦɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɵɢɧɚɫɨɫ
ɧɟɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɢɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɵɜɧɟɦɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɫɜɟɠɟɣ
ɜɨɞɨɣɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ0$;
ɑɚɥɞɚɤɨɮɟɫɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɦ Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɧɹɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ
ɜɨɞɵɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɢɬɟɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɢɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɢɥɢɝɭɛɤɢɊɢɫɁɚɦɟɧɢɬɶɱɚɥɞɭɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟ
Ɋɚɡɪɵɜɱɚɥɞɵɤɨɮɟ Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɧɹɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ
ɜɨɞɵɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɢɬɟɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɢɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɢɥɢɝɭɛɤɢɊɢɫɁɚɦɟɧɢɬɶɱɚɥɞɭɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟ
Ʉɨɮɟ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɜɨɞɹɧɢɫɬɵɦɢ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɦ
Ʉɨɮɟɣɧɚɹɫɦɟɫɶ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɦɨɥɚ
Ⱦɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɟɟɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɢɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɦɟɫɶɛɨɥɟɟɬɨɧɤɨɝɨɩɨɦɨɥɚ
90
RU
Ⱦɚɬɚɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ61ZN\UDEFGHIJ
ɝɞɟZN±ɧɟɞɟɥɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
\U±ɝɨɞɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
DEFGHIJ±ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɈɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɧɢɡɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨ-
ɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɚɜɝɭɫɬɚɝɨɞɚ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜªɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨ-
ɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɞɟɤɚɛɪɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ȼaȽɰȼɬɄɥɚɫɫ,,3;
ɋɞɟɥɚɧɨɜɄɢɬɚɟ
ɂɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɈɈɈ©Ɇɟɞɢɚɬɟɯª
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɢɰɚɋɚɞɨɜɚɹɌɪɢɭɦɮɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɦɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɉɈɆ
,ɄɈɆ
ɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɍɫɚɱɟɜɚɞɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɨɦ,,ɤɨɦ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ'H/RQJKL$SSOLDQFHV6UO©ȾɟɥɨɧɝɢȺɩɩɥɚɟɧɫɢɫɋɊɅªȺɞɪɟɫɂɬɚɥɢɹɎɥɨɪɟɧɰɢɹ
ɄɚɦɩɢȻɢɡɟɧɰɢɨȼɢɚɋɄɭɢɪɢɤɨ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣɢɫɟɪɜɢɫ-
ɧɵɦɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɫɚɣɬɟKWWSZZZDULHWHQHWUXDVVLVWDQFH
Ƚɨɪɹɱɚɹɥɢɧɢɹ$ULHWH
Ɍɨɜɚɪɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟɢɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ-
ɥɟɧɨ
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɦɟɫɬɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɣɫɪɨɤɝɨɞɚɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
91
AR
ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ ﺔّﻴﻤﺤﻣو ،ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ
يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻠﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳاو صﺮﺤﺑ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ةءاﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
هﺬﻫ ﻖﻓرأ .ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌا ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻼﻟ ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا .راﴐﻷاو ثداﻮﺤﻟا عﻮﻗو ﻊﻨﳌ ،ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ
.ﻐﻠﻟ ﻪﺋاﺪﻫإ وأ ﻪﻌﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا زﻮﻣﺮﻟﺎﺑ ةﺰﻴﻤﻣ ،ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ةدراﻮﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ ﻒﻠﺘﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧأ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
دﻮﺼﻘﳌا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا
ﻏ ﻮﻬﻓ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،صﺎﺨﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻢﺗ .ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟاو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋﻹ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻚﻨﻜ
ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﻊﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻳ ﻻ .ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟا وأ يرﺎﺠﺘﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ
.ﺎﻬﺘﻐﻴﺻ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻬﻣ ،نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﻖﺋﻻ ﻐﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا يدﺆﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز .ﺔﻘﺋﻻ ﻏ
ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا
ﴍﺎﺒﳌا ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺣ ﻦﻣ ،ةﴩﻨﻟا هﺬﻫ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻳ يﺬﻟا زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺸﻧﻹا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﳌا ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﻻ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا وأ رﺎﺨﺒﻠﻟ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻦﻣ عﻮﻨﺼﳌا ءﺰﺠﻟا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ بﻮﺒﻧﻷا ﺾﺒﻗا .ﻐﻟا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌاو رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻪّﺟﻮﺗ ﻻ -قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا
.ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﻆﻔﺤﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ داﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﺔﻴﻋوأ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
ﺔﻣﺎﻫ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا صﺮﺤﺑ أﺮﻗا.
bez`2k˯z`pz8zrz`2kezʓ_˴M4ʘb le1p!`.ogf<
ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌا تﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟاو ﺐﺗﺎﻜﳌاو ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺘﻟا تﻼﺤﳌا ﻲﻔﻇﻮﳌ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﰲ -
عراﺰﳌا -
.(فﻮﻴﻀﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ) ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﻴﻨﻜﺳ تﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗو "ﺖﺳﺎﻔﻜﻳﺮﺑ ﺪﻧأ ﺪﻴﺑ"و لﺰﻨﻟاو قدﺎﻨﻔﻟاو -
lLUa)e?0PʜrD(b]91p!`_˴M4lL!k`/ʌʜlLz`s5exMk=˯\ʁ`bf%ʘ
.ﺐﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ضاﺮﻏﻷا
˼P+sɬ"k˯VzaQlL"k`EM`lfAʘzj!˯jz=`iʜza<ʜVzaQ`+sɬGU$ʘ&=kɅy
.ﺺّﺧﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﱃإ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻘﺋﻻ
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﻢﻫاﻮﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ نﻮﻜﻠ ﻻ صﺎﺨﺷأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ تاﻮﻨﺳ ٨lLgo/˴L,y2_UDbXle1p!`.o_˴M4l]˽
ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ فاﴍﻹا ﻢﺗ اذإ ﻂﻘﻓ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ وأ ةﱪﺧ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا صﺎﺨﺷﻷا وأ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟاو ﺔﻴ ّ
ﺴﺤﻟاو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا
92
AR
ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻋﻼﻃاو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﺒﻳرﺪﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا
1p!`Ma`_UDʝ`#˴5`c,L!y
R`>)8bXlegpX0ergpzaLSʀʞir+_UDʜpcsYyʘi!yjz=`rVzIk`zafL
gpzaL0E(/,=eb]9pjʜ_UDʜ_rkeʓVzaQ`+se[ɰʘ
z0p]`y.Q`b\>X_ʙ(leq`˴M4Nke˱LbfM`!yɪpjb]91p!`.ole>a)`,kL
ﺐﻌﻠﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز
.ﻪﺑ
0E)`˰gp5Ujis@0Myr1p!`sMayileTs(_UDʜ40$x/rʍ`le
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
.تاﻮﻨﺳ ٨lLgo/˴LbYly.`_UDʜ_rkelL,zMz0p]`y.Q`b\JU$
kz\˯bU4o,!{`esaM˯XE˱Lkz˯ɇzEaU`ileZY%z0p]`]9`1p!`bz<sbX
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ
+s$r/ʌKsXr˰x+yil]feMj=`\ʁ`bXle=(ɇ0e˼Q`z0p]`ʙ<s`_˴M4
˯i2)`MbXz0p]`]9`lL1p!`b=T
_s$ʜNzf ʓrzkU`jz=`2\0ebXlerNj=`bXleq`,4!yɪ0p]`b]`Va`$ʓ
.ﺮﻄﺧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،ﻞﺛﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ
3ɱbELr,$˰^`-x+yil]˽˴a`0p]`js%9˯2 ʜ5eʙec,L!y
jz<rVzIkzafLxczY`,kLɪ0p]`.(˯le6Y`%4
t0(ʜbs5`ʓr˯ʓ1p!`6EQʘ
˯iɇ2)`M,`bXɪ0p]`.(˯lL6Y`b=Tgɧ+1p!`UD
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ ﻒﻠﺘﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧأ
qf5 le1p!`^5eb?s%`r˯i2(E4sq]5e_ʙ(le1p!`NT0ʘ
ɪ0p]`.(˯˰_s<s`bp5`leis]yz%rVzIjrʓ]`/,Y`Aei]e/(
˯le,1zf\i2)`ʓNAʘ
z0p]`]9`qa<rkX0eir,1p!`[ɰʘ
$0`r_˴M4ʘk0Y5e&E4˱L1p!`N@r!y
bfM5ʘqke˯ɇɻrqzaLVaeʙL/spHr?/ʜ˱LqDsY4`$ʓ1p!`_˴M4c,L!y
،حﻼﺻﻹا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ .بﻮﻄﻌﻣ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﺒﺗ اذإ وأ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا وأ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ﻒﻠﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ Ariete ﺔﻛﴩﻟ ﻊﺑﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ
.ﺮﻄﺧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻟﻮﺨﻣ ءاﱪﺧ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
0E(/.%l(5`˯Ϳ/)`sjbfM4^f5 le2 m!ZT,˯l(5`˯r/)`qɇ sʘ
!قاﱰﺣﻻا
Wɰ$ʘleTs(1p!`bfLkz /)`zj,M˯2 ʜ6˯c,L!y
ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻞﺼﻓاو ﺪﻌﺑأ ،ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ .®ermocreamɰaT+,4˰ɰaU`be$le˯r0(c,L+sMyil]˽
ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ أﺪﺑا ،ﻚﻟذ ﺪﻨﻋ .ءﺎﳌا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ شر ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ﺪﺋاﺰﻟا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا نﻷ ،ءﻂﺒﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا
.ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ةﺮﻘﻔﻟا ﰲ ﺒﻣ
93
AR
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
pʙYjc,LlfAyb]9r&E4˱Lkz\˯N@
`%`m.oʓWɰ%)A˯iʜeir,kz\˯bfM5ʘ
izaQ`ɬrl(5`˯i2)`ʝɱʘ
kz\˯g5 ValeɀTs(pa`le0Y`r, l(4&E4˱Lkz\˯NAʘ
kz\˯le/%`2 ʝ`ɪ0p]`b]`6eʙec,L!y
ljs0]`,z5\˻pz`SAey1PmzebfM5ʘ
1p!`ʓ˼\/ʌ^`-Z%ayil]˽js%E˯spY`lLVa)ʆkLɰaU`ʓNAʘ
ﻖﺤﻠﻳو ﺪﻤﺠﺘﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ﺔﻧﺎّﺨﺴﻟا ﰲ ﻲﻘﺒﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا نﻷ ،ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد ٠lLp/0$ /+bYzʓkz\˯[ɰʘ
.ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻧ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌﺎﺑ راﴐأ
ZaE`sp`ʓkz\˯bfM5ʘ
o˼Pr6f9`r0E˯ys!`besMa`?ɇ0Me1p!`[ɰʘ
%5feE4sFYT1p!`VzIk!yk(5`2 ʜ+ɫi,Mrɪ0p]`.(˯lL6Y`b=T,M
ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ) ّرﺎﺿ ﻏو ﺪﻳﺎﺤﻣ ﻒّﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﺾﻌﺑ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﻊﻣ ،ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﺒﻃﺮﻣو ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ
.(ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ يدﺆﺗ تﺎﺒﻳﺬﻣ
˴zaM`m.pɧ+JU$
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
ناﺰﺨﻟا ءﺎﻄﻏ - A ﺔﻣاّﻮﻌﻠﻟ دﺎﻨﺳ - K
ﺐﺤﺴﻠﻟ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ءﺎﻣ ناﺰﺧ - B ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ - L
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻢﺴﺟ - C ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا دﺎﻨﺘﺳﻻ ﺐﺤﺴﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺔﻜﺒﺷ - M
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ - D ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺮﻄﻘﻣ صﺮﻗ ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺗ ﻲﻏﺮﺑ - N
لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز - E ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺗ ةادأ - O
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز - F ﱰﻠﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ - P
ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا وأ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ - G ﻄﻘﺘﻟا صﺮﻗ - Q
لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ةﺰﻫﺎﺟ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا :STANDBY ﺪﺣاو نﺎﺠﻨﻔﻟ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﱰﻠﻓ - R
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ : ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻔﻟ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﱰﻠﻓ - S
ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا وأ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ : صاﺮﻗﻸﻟ ﱰﻠﻓ - T
ﺐﺤﺴﻠﻟ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ - H ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ/ﻂﻐﺿ ةادأ - U
ﺔﻜﺒﺷ - I ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻠﻟ سﻮّﺑد - V
تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ ءﻞﻣ ﲆﻋ لﺪﻳ ﴍﺆﻣ - J
ﺔﻴﻨﻓ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻞﻔﺳأ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ يﻮﺘﺤﺗ
CEeʙM`rNj=`
(.Modby+s˯
(SNLsf!˯gX/
6˼o++ɰ`r`sTz0p]`y.Q`ɇzEaT
Cr ɇ
=f˯z0p]`/,Y`
jz=`ryL0`g5XVogX/
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﻗرو ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا ﺮﻛذ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﺰﻛﺮ لﺎﺼﺗﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
94
AR
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻊﺿ .زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨّﻔﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻳوﺎﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻓ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺴﻏا .يﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ
ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ (٣ ﻞﻜﺷ) جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻪﺌﻠﻣأ ﻢﺛ ،ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﻋ (B) ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺴﻏا
.(٤ ﻞﻜﺷ) هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟﺎﺧدإ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ،MAX ةرﺎﺒﻌﺑ ﺒﳌا
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻒﻗﻮﺘﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻜﻌﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻪﻧﻷ ،ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا لﺎﺧدإ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ضّرﺆﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .(٥ ﻞﻜﺷ) (E) رﺰﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻐﺷ ،جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ءﻞﻣ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﻳ .(ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ٣ ﺪﻌﺑ) ﺖﺑﺎﺛ لﺎﻌﺷﻹا رز ءﻮﺿ ﺢﺒﺼﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإو ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺼﻳ نأ ﺣ
ّ
ﻒﻟ ﻢﺛ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷ ﺔﺸﻨﻠﻓ ﺖﺤﺗ ءﺎﻋو ﻊﺿ .ﺔﻘﺣﻼﻟا ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﺰﻫﺎﺟ ﻮﻫو STANDBY ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﰲ نﻵا زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
.(٦ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺮﻘﻣ ﻦﻣ جﺮﺨﻳ ءﺎﳌا ىﺮﺗ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ( ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻴﻌﺿو هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ (G) ﺔﻀﺒﻘﻟا
ﱰﻠﻔﻟا دﺎﻌﺑإ
ﻊﺟار ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا دﺎﻌﺑإ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ فﺮﻌﺗ ﻟ .ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﺑ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢ ﱰﻠﻔﺑ دوﺰﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ درﻮﻳ :ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ
.هدﺎﻌﺑإ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﺻﻷا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻊﻓر ًﺎﻀﻳا ﻦﻜ .رﻮﺼﻟا
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ
.(٧ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ﻪﻠﺧدأو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻔﻟ (S) و نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ﺪﺣاﻮﻟ (R) بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا رﺎﺘﺧا
داﺪﻋﻹ مﺎﺗ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺳﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻸﻣا :(٨ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ةادأ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻂﻴﺴﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻂﻐﺿا ﻢﺛ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻋﺮﺟ ﻊﺿ
ﻚﺒﺷا . صﺎﺨﻟا هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷا .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺪﺣاو نﺎﺠﻨﻓ داﺪﻋﻹ ﺪﺣاو سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻸﻣا ﻨﻴﺑ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻓ
.(٩ ﻞﻜﺷ) صﺎﺨﻟا هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ
ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﺸﻨﻠﻔﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ،ﻤﻴﻟا ﻮﺤﻧ رﺎﺴﻴﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻪّﻔﻟ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﺷ
.(١٠
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻦﻜ وأ/و ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ّ
ﻒﻟ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ لﺎﺧدإ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ بﴪﺘﺗ نأ
مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺒﻟ هﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﻪﺋﺎﻘﺑإو ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺨﺴﺘﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ﻦﺧﺎﺳ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ لوأ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
.ﺔﻘﺣﻼﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺟﺎﻨﻓ داﺪﻋإ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻚﻟذ ﱃإ جﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﻻ .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋﺈﺑ
ﺔﻀﺒﻘﻟا ﻒﻟ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ أﺪﺑاو (١٢-١١ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺔﻫّﻮﻓ ﺖﺤﺗ نﺎﻧﺎﺠﻨﻓ وأ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ﻊﺿ
ﲆﻋ ﺔﻀﺒﻘﻟا ﺪﻋأ ،ﻒّﻗﻮﺘﻟا ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ .ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ تﺎﻫّﻮﻓ ﻦﻣ جوﺮﺨﻟﺎﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا أﺪﺒﺗ :( ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻴﻌﺿو هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ (G)
.ﱰﻠﻴﻠﻣ ٥٠ ﻲﻫ سﱪﺴﻛﻹا ةﻮﻬﻗ ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻔﻟ ىﻮﺼﻘﻟا ﺔﻋﺮﺠﻟ .STANDBY ﺔﻳﺰﻛﺮﳌا ﺔﻴﻌﺿﻮﻟا
95
AR
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
!قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ ;ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺒﺗ ﻻ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا تﺎﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ راﺮﻏ ﲆﻋو
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ءﻂﺒﺑ ﻪّﻔﻟ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ دﺎﻌﺑﻹ ;ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺐﺤﺳ ﻞﺒﻗ اﻮﺛ ةﴩﻋ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا وأ ءﺎﳌا شر ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ رﺎﺴﻴﻟا ﻮﺤﻧ ﻤﻴﻟا ﻦﻣ
ﻢﺛ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﺔﻓﺎﺣ زوﺎﺠﺘﺗ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإو مﺎﻣﻷا ﱃإ (O) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺗ ةادأ ﻊﻓدا ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا تﺎﻔّﻠﺨﻣ دﺎﻌﺑﻹ
.(١٣ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻒﻄﻠﺑ ﻪﻀﻔﻧاو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺐﻠﻗا
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻞﻌﺸﺗو (E) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا رز ﺖﺤﺗ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﺄﻔﻄﺗ ،STANDBY ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا نﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ
ﺪﻨﻋ ءاﻮﺳ ﻦﺴﺤﺘﺴُﻳ .ءﻠﻟ ةزﺎﺘﻤﻣ ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﲆﻋ ﻆﻓﺎﺤﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺔﻧﺎّﺨﺴﻟا تﺎﺘﺳﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻞﺧﺪﺗ ﱃإ ﺸﺗ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،يرود
ﺔﻠﻌﺸﻣ ةرﻮﻛﺬﳌا ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﻰﻘﺒﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟا ،ﺔﻘﺣﻼﻟا ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا وأ لوﻷا نﺎﺠﻨﻔﻟا داﺪﻋإ
.ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺊﻠﻣ
.مﺎﺗ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻪﻨﻣ ءﺎﳌا ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﻞﺒﻗ ناﺰﺨﻟا ءﻞﻣ ﺐﺠﻳ
ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻸﻣا .ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ .ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﺄﻔﻃأ
.ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻌﺷأ ﻢﺛ ،ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﺧدإ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﲆﻋ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺐّﻛر .MAX ةرﺎﺒﻌﺑ ﺒﳌا
ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻐﺸﺗ ةدﺎﻋﻹ .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا جوﺮﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨو ةروﺪﻟا ﰲ ءاﻮﻬﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻴﻠﻛ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﲆﺧ اذإ
ﲆﻋ (G) ﺔﻀﺒﻘﻟا ﻒﻟ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻌﺷأ ﻢﺛ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻚﺒﺷ ّﺮﻘﻣ ﺖﺤﺗ ءﺎﻋو ﻊﺿ .دﱪﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ رﺎﻈﺘﻧﻻاو ﺎﻬﺋﺎﻔﻃإ
.( ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻴﻌﺿو هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ رﻮﻔﻟا
ﻦﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻒﻗوأ .ءﺎﳌا ةرود ﻞﻴﻌﻔﺗ ةدﺎﻋﻹ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻚﺒﺷ ّﺮﻘﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ جﺮﺨﻳ ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ كﺮﺗا
.ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا أﺪﺒﺗ ،ﻚﻟذ ﺪﻨﻋ .STANDBY ﺔﻳﺰﻛﺮﳌا ﺔﻴﻌﺿﻮﻟا ﱃإ (G) ﺔﻀﺒﻘﻟا ّ
ﻒﻟ لﻼﺧ
صﺮﻘﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ
.(T) صاﺮﻗﻷﺎﺑ صﺎﺨﻟا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا (P) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻞﺧاد ﻊﺿ
.(١٤ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد صﺮﻘﻟا ﻊﺿ ١
.(١٥ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻞﺧاﺪﻟا ﻮﺤﻧ ﻊﺑﺎﺻﻷﺎﺑ صﺮﻘﻟا ﻊﻓدا ٢
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺘﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا صﺮﻗ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ٣
ﲆﻋ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﻟا ﻊﻣ ،ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ّﺪﺷ .هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ لﺎﺧدإ نﻵا ﻦﻜ ٤
.(١٠ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﺸﻨﻠﻔﻟا
.ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ يﻮﻠﻌﻟا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﰲ رﻮﺸﺤﻣ صﺮﻘﻟا ﻰﻘﺒﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ دﺎﻌﺑإ ءﺎﻨﺛأو ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ ٥
ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﲆﻋ صﺮﻘﻟا طﻮﺒﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﻞﻜﺸﺑو ﻞﻜﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺒﻣ ﻮﻫ ﻛ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻲﻨﺣأ ،هدﺎﻌﺑإ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻟو
.(١٦ ﻞﻜﺷ)
.ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﳌا ﺔﻣﻼﻋ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا .E.S.E ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ صاﺮﻗأ ءاﴍ ﺐﺠﻳ ،زﺎﺘﻤﳌا عﻮﻨﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﲆﻋ ﺎاد لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
نأ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻦﻜ ،ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ دوﺪﺸﻣ ﻏ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ نﺎﻛ اذإ وأ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ﻏ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا صﺮﻗ نﺎﻛ اذإ
.ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ تاﺮﻄﻗ بﴪﺘﺗ
ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ
نأ ﲆﻋ ﻚﻟذ لﺪﻳ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻠﻌﺸﻣ ﻰﻘﺒﺗ (E) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﺖﺤﺗ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ ﺖﻠﺻو ﺪﻗ ﺔﻧﺎﺨﺴﻟا
.ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺘﻟ ﻖﻳﺮﺑإ وأ سﺄﻛ (L) ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻊﺿ
96
AR
ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﺑ رﻮﻔﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻛﺎﳌا أﺪﺒﺗ :(١٨ ﻞﻜﺷ) ،( ) ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﲆﻋ (G) ﺔﻀﺒﻘﻟا ﻒﻟ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ فﺎﻘﻳﻹ STANDBY ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﲆﻋ (G) ﺔﻀﺒﻘﻟا ﺪﻋأ
ﻞﺧﺪﺗ ﱃإ ﺸﺗ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،يرود ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻞﻌﺸﺗو (E) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا رز ﺖﺤﺗ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﺄﻔﻄﺗ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻨﻋ
.ءﻠﻟ ةزﺎﺘﻤﻣ ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﲆﻋ ﻆﻓﺎﺤﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺔﻧﺎّﺨﺴﻟا تﺎﺘﺳﻮﻣﺮﺗ
ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ
نأ ﲆﻋ ﻚﻟذ لﺪﻳ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻠﻌﺸﻣ ﻰﻘﺒﺗ (E) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﺖﺤﺗ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ ﺖﻠﺻو ﺪﻗ ﺔﻧﺎﺨﺴﻟا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ةﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟا هﺬﻫ رﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﺐﺠﻳ ،رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جوﺮﺧ رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ةﱰﻓ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺔﺸﻨﻠﻓ ﻦﻣ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺚﻔﻧ اذإ
(F) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا رز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ﻢﺛ ،(L) ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻨﻴﺨﺴﺗ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﺑإ وأ سﺄﻜﻟا ﻊﺿ
.(١٨ ﻞﻜﺷ) ،( ) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﲆﻋ (G) ﺔﻀﺒﻘﻟا ﻒﻟو
ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﺗ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﺑ أﺪﺑاو (١٩ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﺑإ ﻞﺧاد ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻰﺘﺣ ﻢﻠﻘﻟا ﺲﻄﻏأ
.ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌا
.STANDBY ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﱃإ (G) ﺔﻀﺒﻘﻟا ﺪﻋأ ،ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﺐﻘﺜﻟا ﻒﻈﻨﺗ ﻟ ،اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺒﻟ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جﺮﺧأ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻢﺘﻳ ةﺮﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺪﻌﺑ
.ﺞﻨﻔﺳا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻒّﻈﻧ .ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا
ﺲﻳﱪﺴﻛﻹا ةﻮﻬﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺬﻳﺬﻟ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ داﺪﻋﻹ ةﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻧ
وأ ﺔﻠﻴﻘﺛ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ .ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ
ﻂﺒﻬﺗ ﻟ اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺑ ﱃإ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا جﺎﺘﺤﺗ .ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﲆﻋو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﺤﻃ ﺔﺟرد ﲆﻋ (ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ
.ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻃﻮﻐﻀﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا وأ اﺪﺟ ﻢﻋﺎﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا نأ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ اﺬﻬﻓ ،ةﺪﳌا هﺬﻫ تداز اذإو .ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ لﻮﺼﻔﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟاو ةﺄﻔﻄﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا نﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺎﻘﺣﻻ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔﻓﺎﻈﻨﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﻬﻟ تﺮﺟ اذإ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﺪﳌ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋو ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﺔﻣﻼﺳ ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ
.ﴍﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻣ ءﺎﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .نﻮﺤﺼﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد .ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗو
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ةدرﺎﺑ ﻲﻫو ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ يأ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ يﺬﻟا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
ﻊﻣ درﻮﳌا سﻮﺑﺪﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻪﻔﻈﻧ ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻜﻌﻟا ﲆﻋو ،دوﺪﺴﻣ ﻏ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻪﻨﻣ جﺮﺨﺗ يﺬﻟا ﺐﻘﺜﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.(٢٠ ﻞﻜﺷ) ،(V) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.حوﺮﺠﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ :زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻌﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ درﻮﳌا سﻮﺑﺪﻟا ﺞﻟﺎﻋ
ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗو ﺔﺑاذإ ﻞﻜﺸﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ةﻮﻬﻗ نوﺪﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا لﺎﺧدإ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟذو ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ﲆﻐﻳ ءﺎﻣ جﺮﺧأ
97
AR
صاﺮﻗأ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ،ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ رﻮﻬﺷ ٣ ﻞﻛ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻌﺑ (S) وأ (R) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ .ﺔﻔﻠﺨﺘﳌا ﺐﺋاﻮﺸﻟا وأ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ،ﺔﺼﺧﺮﳌا ةﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌا ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﰲ ﺎﻫدﺎﺠﻳإ ﻦﻜ ﻲﺘﻟاو Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﺎﻬﺠﺘﻨﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا COFFEE CLEAN ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا
داﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﱄﺎﺧ) يدﺎﻋ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ صﺮﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻋ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﻛ وأ ﺔﺒﻠﻌﻟا ﻞﺧاد ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا عﺎﺒﺗا
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟا ﺐﺴﺣو اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎﺴﻐﻟ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ يﺬﻟا (ﺔﻳوﻴﻜﻟا تﺎﻓﺎﻀﳌا وأ ﻊﻴﻤﻠﺘﻟا
b]9k(4kz\˯is]e,kLspXir,ɰaU`ʓis%=``5Q;)`bz5Q`Ws%5ele;0Xb(+
.(ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد 5 ﺪﻌﺑ) ﺪﻴﺟ
ɰaU`be$%LrN@gkz\˯ɰaU`be$^8
.( )ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ ٢٠-١٥ ةﺪﳌ ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﺑ أﺪﺒﺗ ﻟ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﱃإ (GAY` ɇ
V`
.ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ كﺮﺗ ﻊﻣ ،ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد ١٥,˯q`sMUe.(y;0Y`[0g˯r0(VXr
ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإو ،ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ ٢٠-١٥ ةﺪﳌ حﺎﺗﺮﺗ ﺎﻬﻛﺮﺗو ،ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ ٢٠-١٥,˯)A˯bzQ9_ʙ(le˯Ny1szafL,L
.ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻧاﺰﺧ ذﺎﻔﻧ
zUk%a`x/!`˯%,z b]9qUE8rɰaU`%4gkz\˯leɰaU`be$,M
be$qzT^9yx.`ɇ0Y˯%5feE4sVɇIjo,Mlerɪ0p]`.(˯lLb]`b=Tgkz\˯UD
.شﺪﻟا ﰲ ﻒّﻠﺨﺘﳌا ﻞﻴﺴﻐﻟا قﻮﺤﺴﻣ ﻞﻳﺰﺗ ﻟ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ مﺎﻹ ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢0(o,Mler,y, leɰaU`be$^8gkz\˯bQ8
.ﻒﻄﺸﻟا
.ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ رﻮﻬﺷ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﻞﻛ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ًﺎﻴﻣﻮﻳ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ّﺮﻘﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫدﺎﻌﺑإ ﺐﺠﻳ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻚﺒﺸﻳ يﺬﻟا ّﺮﻘﳌا ﰲ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺜﺣ ﻒﻠﺨﺘﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﻣ
.(٦ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷ نوﺪﺑ يﺮﺠﻳ ءﺎﳌا كﺮﺗ وأ (٢١ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺞﻨﻔﺳإ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣو نﺎﻨﺳﻷا ﺶﻜﻧ دﻮﻋ لﻌﺘﺳا
ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.قاﱰﺣﻻا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ درﺎﺑ موﺮﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﲇﻄﳌا بﻮﺒﻧﻷا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺎﻘﺣﻻ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﻊﺒﺗا
ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ مﺼﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻦﻜ .يرﺎﺠﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻠﺴﻏاو (٢٢ ﻞﻜﺷ) (L) ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ ﺐﺤﺳا
(٢٣ ﻞﻜﺷ) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جوﺮﺧ ﺐﻘﺛ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺪﻋأ ،ةروﴬﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ .رﺎﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ ﺐﻛر .ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ شﻗ
ﺐﻘﺜﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟ اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺒﻟ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جﺮﺧأ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻢﺘﻳ ةﺮﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ درﻮﳌا (V) سﻮﺑﺪﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ
.تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ
ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺔﺒﻃر شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ وأ ﺞﻨﻔﺳإ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣو يرود ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ
تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣو ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.(H) تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ ﻎﻳﺮﻔﺗ ﺮﺧﻷاو ﺤﻟا ﺑ ﺮﻛﺬﺗ
.يرﺎﺠﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻠﺴﻏاو ﻪﻏﺮﻓ ﻢﺛ ،(٢٤-٢٥-٢٦ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ (H) تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ ﺐﺤﺳا
.يرﺎﺠﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺖﺤﺗ (I) ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻒﻠﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏو ﺔﺒﻃر ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺘﺑﺎﺜﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒّﻈﻧ
98
AR
ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ
ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺤﻟاو ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻈﻨﺗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﺪﳌ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ
ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ ﳼﺎﻗ ءﺎﻣ لﻌﺘﺳﻻ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﱰﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ ةذﺎﺷ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻤﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ ﻦﻜﻟو .ﺎﻬﻠﺧاﺪﺑ
اﺬﻬﻟو .ﺔﻨﻴﻛﻠﻟ ذﺎﺸﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺲﻠﻜﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ
ﲆﻋ رﻮﺜﻌﻟا ﻦﻜ .Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻪﺠﺘﻨﺗ يﺬﻟاو ﻚﻳﱰﺴﻟا ﺾﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﳌا NOCAL ﺞﺘﻨﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ ضﺮﻐﻟا
ﻖﺤﻠﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ .Ariete ﺔﻛﴩﻟ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻟﻮﻬﺴﺑ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا اﺬﻫ
ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺖﻋد اذإ .ﺔﻳوﻴﻛ تﺎﻓﺎﻀﻣ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﺗ ﺔﻘﺋﻻ ﻏ تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ لﻌﺘﺳﻻ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺎﺑ
.ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ صﺎﺨﻟا ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﳌا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺪﻴﻘﺘﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا فﺎﻘﻳإ
ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ ﻎﻳﺮﻔﺗو ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻎﻳﺮﻔﺗو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺎﻬﻠﺼﻓ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا فﺎﻘﻳإ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺎﻫﺮﻤﻋ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻢﻴﻄﺤﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ .("ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﻊﺟار) ﻪﻔﻴﻈﻨﺗو تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا
.ةﺪﺋﺎﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﺤﳌا ﻧاﻮﻘﻟاو ﻢﻈﻨﻟا ﺐﺴﺣو ﺎﻬﺘﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟاو ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﳌا داﻮﳌا زﺮﻓ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا
ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﺤﻟ تادﺎﺷرإ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳو ﺎﻬﺋﺎﻔﻃإ رﻮﻔﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ةّذﺎﺷ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻤﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
لﻮﻠﺤﻟا بﺎﺒﺳﻷا ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا
ﺎﻀﻳأ ﻖﻘﺤﺗو ،ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ناﺰﺨﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ نأ ﻦﻣ
ﺒﳌا ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ درﺎﺒﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻸﻣا
.MAX ةرﺎﺷﺈﺑ
ﻻ ﺔﺨﻀﳌا ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ءﺎﻣ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ
.ﻂﻔﺸﺗ
ﻦﻣ رﺎﺨﺑ جﺮﺨﻳ ﻻ
.ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻞﺧاد ﺖﻠﻜﺸﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا لزأ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ درﻮﳌا سﻮﺑﺪﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ
.رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جوﺮﺧ ﺐﻘﺛ
ﻪﻴﻓ ﻚﺒﺸﻳ يﺬﻟا نﺎﻜﳌا ﻒﻈﻧو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأ
ﻊﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ . (٢١ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺞﻨﻔﺳا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ﻞﻤﺘﺤﻳ
ﻊﻨﻣ ﻣ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا
ﻰﺘﺣ هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ّﺪﺷ ﻦﻣ
.ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا
ﻦﻣ بّﴪﺘﺗ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺐﻧاﻮﺟ
دﻮﻋ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﻦﻣ بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ ﻒّﻈﻧ
.(٢١ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺞﻨﻔﺳﻹا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣو نﺎﻨﺳﻷا ﺶﻜﻧ
قﻮﻃ ﲆﻋ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ
يﺬﻟا ّﺮﻘﳌا ﰲ ﺐﻛﺮﳌا بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻚﺒﺸﻳ
ﻒّﻠﺨﺘﳌا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا نﻷ ،ءﻂﺒﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأو ﻚﻓ
ﺐﻘﺜﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ .ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ ﻖﺷر ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ
لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺴﻏا .سﻮﺑد ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻖﻠﻐﳌا
Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﺎﻬﺠﺘﻨﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا COFFEE CLEAN صاﺮﻗأ
.ﺔﺒﻠﻌﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا عﺎﺒﺗا ﻊﻣ
ﰲ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻪﻨﻣ جﺮﺨﺗ يﺬﻟا ﺐﻘﺜﻟا
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ يﺬﻟا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا
.ﻖﻠﻐﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا
ﻒّﻠﺨﺘﳌا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا نﻷ ،ءﻂﺒﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأو ﻚﻓ
ﻒّﻈﻧ .ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ ﻖﺷر ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ
ﺶﻜﻧ دﻮﻋ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﻦﻣ بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ
لﺪﺒﺘﺳا .(٢١ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺞﻨﻔﺳﻹا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣو نﺎﻨﺳﻷا
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا صﺮﻘﻟا
.ﺔﺤﻟﺎﺻ ﻏ صﺮﻘﻟا
99
AR
لﻮﻠﺤﻟا بﺎﺒﺳﻷا ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا
اﺬﻬﺑ ءﺎﳌا جﺮﺨﻳ ﻟ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ نوﺪﺑ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻐﺷ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﳌا جﺮﺨﻳ اذإ .ﻞﻜﺸﻟا
تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،بﻮﻘﺜﻟا
ﺔﻛﴍ ﻪﺠﺘﻨﺗ يﺬﻟا NOCAL ﺞﺘﻨﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا ﻦﻜ يﺬﻟاو Ariete
.ﺔﺒﻠﻌﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺪﻴﻘﺘﻟا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻛﴩﻠﻟ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺘﻟا
ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا نﻮﻜﻴﻠﻴﺴﻟا صﺮﻗ بﻮﻘﺛ
.ةدوﺪﺴﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷ ﺮﻘﻣ
وأ جﺮﺨﺗ ﻻ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
ءﻲﻄﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ جﺮﺨﺗ
.ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻠﻟ
ﻒّﻠﺨﺘﳌا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا نﻷ ،ءﻂﺒﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأو ﻚﻓ
ﺐﻘﺜﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ .ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ ﻖﺷر ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ
لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺴﻏا .سﻮﺑد ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻖﻠﻐﳌا
Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﺎﻬﺠﺘﻨﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا COFFEE CLEAN صاﺮﻗأ
.ﺔﺒﻠﻌﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا عﺎﺒﺗا ﻊﻣ
ﰲ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻪﻨﻣ جﺮﺨﺗ يﺬﻟا ﺐﻘﺜﻟا
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ يﺬﻟا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا
.ﻖﻠﻐﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا
.ﻦﺸﺧأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لوﺎﺣ .اﺪﺟ ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ﻞﻗأ لﺪﻌ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻂﻐﺿا ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻃﻮﻐﻀﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ﺪﺋاز
.ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻰﺘﺣ ﻪﻌﻓد لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺧدأ .ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ﻏ ناﺰﺨﻟا
ﺎﻀﻳأ ﻖﻘﺤﺗو ،ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ناﺰﺨﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻸﻣا .ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ نأ ﻦﻣ
.MAX ةرﺎﺷﺈﺑ ﺒﳌا ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ درﺎﺒﻟا
ﻻ ﺔﺨﻀﳌا ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ءﺎﻣ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ
.ﻂﻔﺸﺗ
ﻒّﻠﺨﺘﳌا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا نﻷ ،ءﻂﺒﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأو ﻚﻓ
ﻒّﻈﻧ .ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ ﻖﺷر ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ
ﺶﻜﻧ دﻮﻋ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﻦﻣ بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ
لﺪﺒﺘﺳا .(٢١ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺞﻨﻔﺳﻹا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣو نﺎﻨﺳﻷا
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا صﺮﻘﻟا
.ﺔﺤﻟﺎﺻ ﻏ صﺮﻘﻟا
ﻒّﻠﺨﺘﳌا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا نﻷ ،ءﻂﺒﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأو ﻚﻓ
ﻒّﻈﻧ .ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ ﻖﺷر ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ
ﺶﻜﻧ دﻮﻋ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﻦﻣ بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ
لﺪﺒﺘﺳا .(٢١ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺞﻨﻔﺳﻹا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣو نﺎﻨﺳﻷا
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا صﺮﻘﻟا
.ةرﻮﺴﻜﻣ صﺮﻘﻟا
ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳو (ﺔﻠﻴﻘﺛ) ةﺰﻛﺮﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
.ﻢﻌﻧأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا
.اﺪﺟ ﻦﺸﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا اﺪﺟ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ةدرﺎﺑو
100
UA
ǽǾǼȄdzǷǽǼǿǥǯǻǶǸ
ɉɨɩɪɢɬɟɳɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɢɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɿɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɞɨɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɯɞɿɸɱɢɯɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɿɜɬɚ
ɦɚɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɭɜɫɿɯɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɢɯɦɿɫɰɹɯɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɭɜɚɠɧɨɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢɡɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɿɜɢ-
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɧɟɳɚɫɧɢɯɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜɬɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶ
ɁɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɰɟɣɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɞɥɹɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿɣɭɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭɁɚɧɚɦɿɪɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢɰɟɣ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɧɲɨɦɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɭɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɫɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ȱɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɚɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢɹɤɿɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɚɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɨɸ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɢɯɡɿɧɲɢɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
Ɂɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɨɩɿɤɢ
ɍɜɚɝɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɛɢɬɤɢ
ǽǾǶǵǻǮȅdzǻǻȍ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢɿɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɨ ɐɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɬɿɥɶɤɢɿ
ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɞɥɹɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɿɬɨɦɭɽɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɥɹɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɢɯɚɛɨɤɨɦɟɪɰɿɣɧɢɯɰɿɥɟɣ
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɢɜɛɭɞɶɹɤɟɿɧɲɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɰɶɨɝɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɰɟɡɜɿɥɶɧɹɽɣɨɝɨɜɿɞɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶ-
ɧɨɫɬɿɡɚɡɛɢɬɤɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɇɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɟɜɢ-
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɫɤɚɫɨɜɭɽɝɚɪɚɧɬɿɸɭɜɫɿɯʀʀɩɪɨɹɜɚɯ
ǵǮǹǶȆǸǼǰǥǾǶǵǶǸǶ
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɿɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɪɨɹɤɢɣɣɞɟɬɶɫɹɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɢɬɢ
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɜɿɞɩɪɹɦɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭɩɚɪɢɚɛɨɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɿɩɚɪɢɧɟɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɭɣɬɟɫɬɪɭɦɭɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭɬɪɟɬɿɯɨɫɿɛ
ɚɛɨɧɚɫɟɛɟȻɟɪɿɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɭɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɬɪɭɛɤɢ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɬɿɥɶɤɢɬɿɽɦɧɨɫɬɿɹɤɿɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɿɡɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨɞɥɹɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɯɩɪɨ-
ɞɭɤɬɿɜ
ǰǮǴǹǶǰǥǵǮǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǻȍ
ɎȽȻɁɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɄɍɀȲɈɌɍɋɎɅɑȲȳɊɀɋɀȿɊɉɒȻɍɅɉɇȽɃɅɉɋɃɌɍȻɈɈɚ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɭɩɨɛɭɬɨɜɢɯɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɭɦɨɜɚɯɬɚɜ
ɭɦɨɜɚɯɛɥɢɡɶɤɢɯɞɨɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɹɤɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ
ɧɚɤɭɯɧɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɿɜɨɮɿɫɿɜɬɚɭɿɧɲɢɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ
ɭɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ
ɭɧɨɦɟɪɚɯɝɨɬɟɥɿɜɦɨɬɟɥɿɜɭɝɨɬɟɥɹɯɬɢɩɭEHGEUHDNIDVWɬɚɭɿɧɲɢɯɠɢɬɥɨ-
ɜɢɯɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɡɛɨɤɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯɩɨɫɬɨɹɥɶɰɿɜ
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɧɟɫɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɚɛɨɡɚɜɢ-
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɟɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɭɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɿɫɟɪ-
ɜɿɫɧɿɩɨɫɥɭɝɢɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɩɨɥɨɦɨɤɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɸ
101
UA
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɸɜɢɪɨɛɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɨȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨɝɨ
ɰɟɧɬɪɭ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȒșȭȒȳȠȓȗ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɶɞɿɬɶɦɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɪɨɤɿɜɨɫɨɛɚɦɢɡɨɛɦɟ-
ɠɟɧɢɦɢɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɢɦɢɚɛɨɪɨɡɭɦɨɜɢɦɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢɨɫɨɛɢɹɤɿ
ɧɟɦɚɸɬɶɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɝɨɞɨɫɜɿɞɭɱɢɡɧɚɧɶɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ
ɥɢɲɟɹɤɳɨɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɚɛɨɧɚɜɱɟɧɿɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɶ
ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɿɭɫɜɿɞɨɦɥɸɸɬɶɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɭɜɿɞɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ⱦɿɬɹɦɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɝɪɚɬɢɫɹɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɿɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɨɩɢɫɚɧɿɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚ-
ɬɢɫɶɞɿɬɶɦɢɛɟɡɧɚɝɥɹɞɭɞɨɪɨɫɥɨʀɨɫɨɛɢ
ȿɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɩɨɪɭɱɡɞɿɬɶɦɢɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɽ
ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨʀɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ
ɍɪɚɡɿɹɤɳɨɰɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɬɢɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹɭɹɤɨɫɬɿɜɿɞɯɨɞɿɜɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɪɨ-
ɛɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɪɿɡɚɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɄɪɿɦ
ɬɨɝɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɩɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹɡɭɫɿɦɚɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɳɨɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚ-
ɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɥɹɿɝɨɪ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɛɭɥɚɜɤɭɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɭɦɟɠɚɯɞɨɫɹɠɧɨɫɬɿɞɿɬɟɣɿɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟʀʀɭ
ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɪɨɤɨɜɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɿɬɪɚɜɦ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȐȭȕȎțȎȕȓșȓȘȠȞȖȘȜȬ
Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɞɨɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶɳɨɧɚ-
ɩɪɭɝɚɹɤɚ ɜɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿ ɳɨɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɸɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ
ɧɚɩɪɭɡɿɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɯɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɜɚɱɿɜɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɟɧɢɯɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦɩɪɢɥɚ-
ɞɭɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɡɛɢɬɤɿɜɚɛɨɩɨɠɟɠɿ
ɉɟɪɲɧɿɠɩɨɱɢɧɚɬɢɧɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹɛɚɤɚɜɨɞɨɸɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɿɞɟɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
əɤɳɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɢɣ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤ
ɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɚɛɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɡ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨɸ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿɽɸ ɳɨɛ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ
ɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɿɞ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɸ ɧɚɩɪɭɝɨɸ ɞɨɜɨɞɢ
ɦɨɠɟɜɢɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɤɨɪɨɬɤɟɡɚɦɢɤɚɧɧɹ
Ⱦɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɩɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɚɛɨ
ɱɢɫɬɤɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɜɢɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢɛɚɤɜɨɞɨɸ
102
UA
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȦȘȜȒȔȓțȪȝȜȐȭȕȎțȖȣȕȳțȦȖȚȖȝȞȖȥȖ-
țȎȚȖ
ɇɟɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɬɪɢɦɚɸɱɢɣɨɝɨɡɚɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɚɛɨɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟ-
ɥɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɛɪɚɬɢɡɚɤɨɪɩɭɫ
Ɉɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɱɢɫɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦ ɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɬɚ ɡ ɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɸ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɸɪɨɡɟɬɤɨɸ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɭɛɚɤɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɛɟɡɧɚɝɥɹɞɭɤɨɥɢɜɿɧɩɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɢɣɞɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɦɟ-
ɪɟɠɿ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɧɚɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɿɫɥɹɩɚɞɿɧɧɹɹɤɳɨɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɿɨɡɧɚɤɢ
ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɚɛɨɡɧɶɨɝɨɜɢɬɿɤɚɽɜɨɞɚɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢ-
ɥɚɞɨɦɹɤɳɨɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɱɢɜɢɥɤɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɿɚɛɨɹɤɳɨɫɚɦɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɢɣɍɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɡɪɟɦɨɧɬɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢɡɚɦɿɧɭɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɦɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ©$ULHWHªɚɛɨɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚ-
ɠɟɧɢɦɢɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɦɢɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɫɬɚɦɢ©$ULHWHªɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
ǵȎȟȠȓȞȓȔȓțțȭȝȞȜȜȝȳȘȖ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɬɪɭɦɩɚɪɢɚɛɨɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɧɚɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɬɿɥɚ
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɣɬɟɫɹɬɪɭɛɤɨɸɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɡɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɿɫɬɸɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹɞɨɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɯɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɿɞɟɪɠɚɤɚ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɿɞɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɨɩɿɤɢ
ɇɟɡɚɞɨɜɿɥɶɧɢɣɜɢɯɿɞɜɨɞɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɠɟɛɭɬɢɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɧɢɣɡɚɫɦɿ-
ɱɟɧɧɹɦɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ7KHUPRFUHDPɍɬɚɤɨɦɭɪɚɡɿɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶ
ɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢȼɢɤɨ-
ɧɚɣɬɟɱɢɫɬɤɭɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ
ȁȐȎȑȎȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȳȕȏȖȠȘȖ
Ɋɨɡɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭɧɚɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɞɟʀʀɧɟɦɨɠɧɚɛɭɞɟɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɭɬɢ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɦɚɲɢɧɭɛɟɡɜɨɞɢɭɬɚɤɨɦɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɧɚɫɨɫɦɨɠɟɡɝɨɪɿɬɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢɛɚɤɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɚɛɨɤɢɩɹɬɤɨɦ
ɇɟɫɬɚɜɬɟɦɚɲɢɧɭɧɚɞɭɠɟɝɚɪɹɱɿɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɚɛɨɩɨɛɥɢɡɭɞɠɟɪɟɥɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɝɨ
ɜɨɝɧɸɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɤɨɪɩɭɫɭ
Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɦɚɲɢɧɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɭɜɨɞɭɡɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɨɦɜɭɝɥɟɰɸ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɫɢɩɚɬɢɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢɹɤɿɧɟɽɦɟɥɟɧɨɸ
ɤɚɜɨɸɇɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɿɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɩɪɨɜɨɤɭɜɚɬɢɜɚɠɤɿɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɢ-
ɥɚɞɭ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɦɚɲɢɧɭɭɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɿɞɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɢɠɱɟ&ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɜɨɞɢɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɡɚɦɟɪɡɧɭɬɢɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɸɱɢɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɧɚɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɦɭɩɨɜɿɬɪɿ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɿɞɞɿɽɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯɹɜɢɳɞɨɳɫɨɧɰɟɿɬɩ
103
UA
ɉɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨɹɤɜɢɥɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɨɚɝɚɪɹɱɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɥɢɩɪɢ-
ɫɬɪɿɣɦɨɠɧɚɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɡɥɟɝɤɚɡɦɨɱɟɧɨɸ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɦɚɤɪɚɩɥɹɦɢɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɟɚɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɦɢɸɱɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭɧɟɜɢɤɨ-
ɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɪɨɡɱɢɧɧɢɤɢɳɨɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɭɸɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɢɤ
ǵȏȓȞȳȑȎȗȠȓȤȬȳțȟȠȞȡȘȤȳȬ
ǼǽǶǿǽǾǶǹǮDzȁ
$ Ʉɪɢɲɤɚɛɚɤɭ . Ɉɩɨɪɚɞɥɹɩɨɩɥɚɜɰɹ
% Ɂɧɿɦɧɢɣɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ / Ɍɪɭɛɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
& Ʉɨɪɩɭɫɦɚɲɢɧɢ 0 Ɂɧɿɦɧɚɪɟɲɿɬɤɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɚɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤ
' Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ 1ʈɜɢɧɬɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɢɫɤɚɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɧɢɰɿ
( Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ 2 ɍɩɨɪɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
) Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɚɪɢ 3 Ⱦɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
*Ɋɭɱɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɚɛɨɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ 4 Ⱦɢɫɤɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɧɢɰɹ
³67$1'%<´ɦɚɲɢɧɚɭɪɟɠɢɦɿVWDQGE\ 5 Ɏɿɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢ
ɩɨɞɚɱɚɤɚɜɢ 6 Ɏɿɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤ
ɩɨɞɚɱɚɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ 7 Ɏɿɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɥɞ
+ Ɂɧɿɦɧɢɣɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ 8Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɦɿɪɤɚɞɥɹɤɚɜɢ
, Ɋɟɲɿɬɤɚ 9 Ȼɭɥɚɜɤɚɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢ
- ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹɩɿɞɞɨɧɚɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ
ǥȒȓțȠȖȢȳȘȎȤȳȗțȳȒȎțȳ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɹɤɚɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɨɩɨɪɧɨɸɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɨɸɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɿɬɚɤɿɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɿɞɚɧɧɿɦɚ-
ɲɢɧɢ
ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɿɦɚɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ&(
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɆɨɞ
ɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ61
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɚɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹȼɿɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɚɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɶȼɬ
ɧɨɦɟɪɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɨʀɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨʀɥɿɧɿʀ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɝɨɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹɞɨɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɿɜɜɤɚɠɿɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɿɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥǦǵǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ǰȐȓȒȓțțȭȐȓȘȟȝșȡȎȠȎȤȳȬ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɞɨɦɚɲɧɶɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɚɡɬɿɽɸɳɨɜɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɬɟɯ-
ɧɿɱɧɢɯɞɚɧɢɯɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɦɚɲɢɧɭɧɚɪɿɜɧɭɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɟɪɲɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟɛɚɤ%ɧɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɣɨɝɨɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɊɢɫɞɨɪɿɜɧɹ
ɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɨɸ³0$;´ɬɚɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɜɿɧɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɨɊɢɫ
Ɋɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɤɭɠɬɺɴɩɜɛɥɝɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɣɤɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩʀɨɛɥɳɠɧɛɳɣɨɛɨɠɢɧɩɡɠɪɩɟɛɝɛɭɣɥɛɝɮ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɭɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ
ǽȓȞȦȓȐȐȳȚȘțȓțțȭ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɢɜɲɢɛɚɤɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɭɜɿɦɤɧɿɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɦɤɧɨɩɤɢ(ɊɢɫȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹ
ɩɨɤɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɛɚɠɚɧɨʀɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɿɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɩɨɱɧɟɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɫɜɿɬɢɬɢɫɹɩɪɢ-
ɛɥɢɡɧɨɱɟɪɟɡɯɜɢɥɢɧɢɌɟɩɟɪɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽɭɪɟɠɢɦɿɨɱɿɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ67$1'%<ɿɝɨɬɨɜɢɣɞɨɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨʀ
ɮɚɡɢɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɽɦɤɿɫɬɶɩɿɞɡ¶ɽɞɧɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɣɮɥɚɧɟɰɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭ*ɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ
ɤɚɜɢ ɳɨɛɡɝɧɿɡɞɚɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɱɚɥɚɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɜɨɞɚɊɢɫ
104
UA
ǵțȭȠȠȭȢȳșȪȠȞȎ
ɉɊɂɆȱɌɄȺȾɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɭɠɟɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɦɮɿɥɶɬɪɨɦɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤȼɤɚɡɿɜɤɢɞɥɹ
ɡɧɹɬɬɹɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɿɧɚɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɯɄɪɿɦɬɨɝɨɮɿɥɶɬɪɦɨɠɧɚɞɿɫɬɚɬɢɩɚɥɶɰɹɦɢ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǸǮǰǶ
Ɉɛɟɪɿɬɶɛɚɠɚɧɢɣɮɿɥɶɬɪ5ɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɚɛɨ6ɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤɿɜɫɬɚɜɬɟɣɨɝɨɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
ɇɚɫɢɩɬɟɞɨɡɭɤɚɜɢɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɡɥɟɝɤɚɫɩɪɟɫɭɣɬɟʀʀɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɦɬɟɦɩɟɪɨɦɊɢɫɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɜɨɯ
ɱɚɲɨɤɤɚɜɢɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɧɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɞɜɿɦɿɪɤɢɚɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɨɞɧɿɽʀɱɚɲɤɢ±ɬɿɥɶɤɢɨɞɧɭȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɤ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɭɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɟɝɧɿɡɞɨɊɢɫ
ɇʀɱɨɩ ɢɛɭɺɞɨʀɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɹɲɣ ɢɦʀɝɛ ɨɛɪɫɛɝɩ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɤɭɠɬɺ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɢ·ɾɟɨɛɨɣɤ ɢ
ɯɦɛɨɱɠɧɋɣɬ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
əɤɳɨɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɛɭɥɚɧɚɫɢɩɚɧɚɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɦɨɠɟɜɢɹɜɢɬɢɫɶɜɚɠɤɨɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɢ
ɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɚɛɨɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɠɟɜɢɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɜɢɬɨɤ
ɓɨɛ ɩɟɪɲɚ ɤɚɜɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɛɭɥɚ ɝɚɪɹɱɨɸ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɤ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ɬɚ ɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɢ ɣɨɝɨ
ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɫɹɧɚɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɟɪɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɤɚɜɢɐɶɨɝɨɧɟɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɪɨɛɢɬɢɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɨɞɧɭɚɛɨɞɜɿɱɚɲɤɢɩɿɞɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɿɡɚɩɭɫɬɿɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɨɜɟɪɬɚɸɱɢ
ɪɭɱɤɭ*ɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɤɚɜɢ ɱɟɪɟɡɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɱɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɤɚɜɚɓɨɛɩɟɪɟɪ-
ɜɚɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɭɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ67$1'%<Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɞɨɡɚɤɚɜɢɟɫɩɪɟɫɨ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɦɥ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
əɤɿɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯɤɚɜɨɦɚɲɢɧɧɟɡɧɿɦɚɣɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɧɟɛɟɡ-
ɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɹɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɡɚɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨɞɟɫɹɬɶɫɟɤɭɧɞɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɭɜɚɬɢɞɟɪ-
ɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɳɨɛɡɧɹɬɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɣɨɝɨɫɩɪɚɜɚɧɚɥɿɜɨɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ
ɛɪɢɡɨɤɜɨɞɢɚɛɨɤɚɜɢ
ɓɨɛɜɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɤɚɜɢɡɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɡɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɭɩɨɪɞɥɹɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɮɿɥɶɬɪɭ2ɜɩɟɪɟɞɡɚɛɨɪɬɢɤ
ɫɚɦɨɝɨɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɩɨɬɪɭɫɿɬɶɣɨɝɨɊɢɫ
Ʉɨɥɢɦɚɲɢɧɚɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽɭɪɟɠɢɦɿɨɱɿɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ67$1'%<ɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɿɞɤɧɨɩɤɨɸɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ(ɩɟɪɿɨ-
ɞɢɱɧɨɡɚɝɨɪɚɽɬɶɫɹɿɝɚɫɧɟɜɤɚɡɭɸɱɢɧɚɫɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɧɧɹɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɚɞɥɹɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶ-
ɧɨʀɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɜɨɞɢɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɤɚɜɢɹɤɞɥɹɩɟɪɲɨɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢɬɚɤɿ
ɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɢɯɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɶɬɿɥɶɤɢɬɨɞɿɤɨɥɢɰɟɣɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɝɨɪɢɬɶɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨ
ǻȎȝȜȐțȓțțȭȏȎȘȡȒșȭȐȜȒȖȝȳȒȥȎȟȐȖȘȜȞȖȟȠȎțțȭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢɛɚɤɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɜɿɧɫɬɚɧɟɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɦ
ȼɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȾɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɛɚɤɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬ-
ɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɪɿɜɧɹɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɨɸ³0$;´ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɛɚɤɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɜɿɧɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɿɡɧɨɜɭɭɜɿɦɤɧɿɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭ
105
UA
əɤɳɨɛɚɤɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɛɟɡɜɨɞɢɭɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɣɤɨɧɬɭɪɦɚɲɢɧɢɦɨɠɟɩɨɬɪɚɩɢɬɢɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɹɤɟ
ɦɨɠɟɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞɠɚɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢȾɥɹɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨʀɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀɦɚɲɢɧɢɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢʀʀɿɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɢ
ɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɽɦɤɿɫɬɶɩɿɞɡ¶ɽɞɧɭɜɚɥɶɧɟɝɧɿɡɞɨɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɭɜɿɦɤɧɿɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭɩɨɜɟɪ-
ɬɚɸɱɢɪɭɱɤɭ*ɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɤɚɜɢ
ȼɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɪɢɧɚɣɦɧɿɨɞɧɿɽʀɱɚɲɤɢɜɨɞɢɿɡɡ¶ɽɞɧɭɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɚɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɳɨɛɩɨɜ-
ɬɨɪɧɨɚɤɬɢɜɭɜɚɬɢɝɿɞɪɚɜɥɿɱɧɢɣɤɨɧɬɭɪɁɭɩɢɧɿɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɟɪɟɜɿɜɲɢɪɭɱɤɭ*ɭɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ
67$1'%<ɉɿɫɥɹɰɶɨɝɨɦɚɲɢɧɚɡɧɨɜɭɛɭɞɟɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɬɢɭɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨɦɭɪɟɠɢɦɿ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǸǮǰǶǵǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍǺȅǮǹDzǶ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ3ɮɿɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɥɞ7
ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɱɚɥɞɭɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɊɢɫ
ɉɪɢɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɱɚɥɞɭɩɚɥɶɰɹɦɢɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɊɢɫ
ɑɚɥɞɚɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɛɭɬɢɞɨɛɪɟɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɚɿɜɿɞɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɚɧɚɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɌɟɩɟɪɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɠɧɚɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɢɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɨȾɨɛɪɟɡɚɬɹɝɧɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟ-
ɫɹɳɨɜɿɧɦɿɰɧɨɡ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɢɣɡɮɥɚɧɰɟɦɊɢɫ
ɉɿɫɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢɩɿɞɱɚɫɡɧɿɦɚɧɧɹɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɱɚɥɞɚɦɨɠɟɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɢɫɹɭɜɟɪɯɧɿɣɱɚɫɬɢ-
ɧɿɦɚɲɢɧɢɓɨɛɡɧɹɬɢɱɚɥɞɭɧɚɯɢɥɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɱɢʀɣɜɩɚɫɬɢɭɞɟɪɠɚɤ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨʀɹɤɨɫɬɿɫɥɿɞɤɭɩɭɜɚɬɢɱɚɥɞɢɳɨɦɚɸɬɶɦɚɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ(6(
ɚɥɴɩɲɛɦɟɛɝɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɛɨɠɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩɛɜɩɟɠɫɡɛɥɯʀɦɷɭɫɛɢɛɭɺɞɨɮɭɣɤɪɩɞɛɨɩɢɟɠɫɡɛɥɛɯʀɦɷɭɫɛ
ɧɩɡɮɭɷɝɣɭʀɥɛɭɣɥɫɛɪɦʀɝɩɟɣ
ǽǼDzǮȅǮDZǮǾȍȅǼǦǰǼDzǶ
Ⱦɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɛɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɩɿɞɤɧɨɩɤɨɸɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ(ɝɨɪɿɜɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨɹɤɢɣɜɤɚɡɭɽɧɚɬɟɳɨɛɨɣ-
ɥɟɪɞɨɫɹɝɧɭɜɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɱɿɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɩɿɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ/ɫɤɥɹɧɤɭɚɛɨɽɦɤɿɫɬɶɞɥɹɡɛɨɪɭɜɨɞɢ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭ*ɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ Ɋɢɫɦɚɲɢɧɚɨɞɪɚɡɭɩɨɱɧɟɩɨɞɚ-
ɜɚɬɢɝɚɪɹɱɭɜɨɞɭ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭ*ɧɚ³67$1'%<´ɳɨɛɡɚɤɿɧɱɢɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
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ɡɚɝɨɪɚɬɢɫɹɿɝɚɫɧɭɬɢɜɤɚɡɭɸɱɢɧɚɫɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɧɧɹɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɚɞɥɹɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨʀɬɟɦ-
ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɜɨɞɢ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǸǮǽȁȅǥǻǼ
Ⱦɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɛɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɩɿɞɤɧɨɩɤɨɸɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ(ɝɨɪɿɜɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨɹɤɢɣɜɤɚɡɭɽɧɚɬɟɳɨɛɨɣ-
ɥɟɪɞɨɫɹɝɧɭɜɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
əɤɳɨɧɚɟɬɚɩɿɨɱɿɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɚɪɢɜɢɧɢɤɚɸɬɶɧɟɡɧɚɱɧɿɜɢɤɢɞɢɩɚɪɢɡɮɥɚɧɰɹɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɰɟ
ɹɜɢɳɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɨɫɩɪɢɣɦɚɬɢɫɶɹɤɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɟ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɱɚɲɤɭɚɛɨɽɦɤɿɫɬɶɡɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɞɥɹɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɩɿɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ/ɧɚɬɢɫ-
ɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɢ)ɿɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭ*ɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ Ɋɢɫ
Ɂɚɧɭɪɬɟɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɢɤɬɪɭɛɤɢ ɭɽɦɤɿɫɬɶ ɡɦɨɥɨɤɨɦ Ɋɢɫɿ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɣɬɟɩɚɪɭ ɞɨɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ
ɛɚɠɚɧɨɝɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɭ
ɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɹɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭ*ɧɚ³67$1'%<´
ɉɿɫɥɹɤɨɠɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɢɤɨɧɭɣɬɟɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɚɪɢɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɸɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɳɨɛɡɜɿɥɶɧɢɬɢɨɬɜɿɪɜɿɞ
ɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɯɡɚɥɢɲɤɿɜɦɨɥɨɤɚȼɢɬɪɿɬɶɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɝɭɛɤɨɸ
106
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ǸǼǾǶǿǻǥǽǼǾǮDzǶDzǹȍǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǿǺǮȅǻǼDZǼdzǿǽǾdzǿǼ©ǽǼ
ǥȀǮǹǥǷǿȊǸǶª
ɆɟɥɟɧɭɤɚɜɭɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɡɥɟɝɤɚɫɩɪɟɫɭɜɚɬɢɆɿɰɧɿɫɬɶɤɚɜɢɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶɜɿɞɫɬɭɩɟɧɸɩɨɦɟ-
ɥɭɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿɧɚɫɢɩɚɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɫɢɥɢɩɪɟɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɓɨɛɤɚɜɚɜɢɣɲɥɚɭɱɚɲɟɱɤɢɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɯɫɟɤɭɧɞəɤɳɨɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɞɨɜɲɢɣɰɟɨɡɧɚɱɚɽɳɨɩɨɦɟɥɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɦɿɥɤɢɣɚɛɨɦɟɥɟɧɚɤɚɜɚɹɤɚ
ɡɚɫɢɩɚɧɚɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɛɭɥɚɫɩɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɫɢɥɶɧɨ
ȅǶǿȀǸǮǽǾǶǹǮDzȁ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ȼɫɿɨɩɢɫɚɧɿɧɢɠɱɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɤɨɥɢɦɚɲɢɧɚɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɚɚɜɢɥɤɚɠɢɜɥɟɧ-
ɧɹɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɚɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɢɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɿɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɦɚɲɢɧɭɭɪɨɛɨɱɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɿɿɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɸɬɶ
ɫɬɪɨɤʀʀɫɥɭɠɛɢɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɦɢɬɢɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɦɚɲɢɧɢɭɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨ-
ɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɹɦɿɫɬɪɭɦɢɜɨɞɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ȼɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɸɦɚɲɢɧɨɸ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȢȳșȪȠȞȎȒșȭȚȓșȓțȜȴȘȎȐȖ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɜɢɯɿɞɧɢɣɨɬɜɿɪɞɥɹɤɚɜɢɧɟɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɢɣɹɤɳɨɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɣɨɝɨɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸ
ɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭ9Ɋɢɫ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɉɨɜɨɞɶɬɟɫɹɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɡɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɬɪɚɜɦ
ȼɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɩɨɞɚɱɭɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɡɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɦɮɿɥɶɬɪɨɦɛɟɡɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɳɨɛɪɨɡ-
ɱɢɧɢɬɢɚɛɨɜɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɤɚɜɢɚɛɨɛɪɭɞɭɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɪɟɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɮɿɥɶɬɪ5
ɚɛɨ6 ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨɤɨɠɧɿ ɦɿɫɹɰɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ ɦɢɸɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɨɛɭ©&2))(( &/($1ªɜɿɞ
$ULHWHɹɤɿɧɚɹɜɧɿɭɪɨɡɞɪɿɛɧɢɯɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɿɜɬɚɜȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɐɟɧɬɪɚɯɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɸɱɢɫɶɿɧɫɬɪɭɤ-
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ɿɧɲɢɯɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ
ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɨɞɧɭɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭɦɢɸɱɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɢɯɦɚɲɢɧɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɛɟɡɤɚɜɢɤɨɥɢɦɚɲɢɧɚ
ɞɨɛɪɟɧɚɝɪɿɬɚɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɩɿɫɥɹɯɜɢɥɢɧɧɚɝɪɿɜɭ
ɉɪɢɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɞɨɦɚɲɢɧɢɿɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɽɦɤɿɫɬɶɩɿɞɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭ*ɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɤɚɜɢ ɳɨɛɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɜɨɞɢɿɩɨɞɚɜɚɣɬɟɜɨɞɭɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞ
Ɂɭɩɢɧɿɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɿɡɚɥɢɲɬɟɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭɩɨɞɿɹɬɢɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɧɚɯɜɢɥɢɧɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɸɱɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɜɫɬɚɜ-
ɥɟɧɢɦɭɦɚɲɢɧɭ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɩɨɞɚɱɿɜɨɞɢɜɦɢɤɚɸɱɢɧɚɫɨɫɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨɧɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɬɚɜɢɦɢɤɚɸɱɢɬɟɠɩɪɢ-
ɛɥɢɡɧɨɧɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɬɚɤɢɦɱɢɧɨɦɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɞɜɨɯɛɚɤɿɜɜɨɞɢ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɡɦɚɲɢɧɢɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɞɨɛɪɟɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟɣɨɝɨɩɿɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸ
ȼɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɿɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɝɧɿɡɞɨ
ɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɳɨɛɜɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɦɢɸɱɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭ
ɍɜɿɦɤɧɿɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɩɨɞɚɣɬɟɳɟɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɱɚɲɤɢɜɨɞɢɳɨɛɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɢ
ɩɪɨɦɢɜɚɧɧɹ
əɤɳɨɤɚɜɨɦɚɲɢɧɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɳɨɞɟɧɧɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɤɨɠ-
ɧɿɬɪɢɦɿɫɹɰɿ
107
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ȅȖȟȠȘȎȑțȳȕȒȎȒȓȞȔȎȘȎȢȳșȪȠȞȎ
ɍɯɨɞɿɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɭɝɧɿɡɞɿɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɠɭɬɶɡɹɜɢɬɢɫɹɜɿɞɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹɤɚɜɨɜɨʀɝɭɳɿɹɤɿ
ɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɢɊɢɫɚɛɨɩɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɜɲɢɜɨɞɭɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢ
ɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȠȞȡȏȘȖȝȜȒȎȥȳȝȎȞȖȑȎȞȭȥȜȴȐȜȒȖ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ȼɢɤɨɧɭɣɬɟɰɸɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɤɨɥɢɯɪɨɦɨɜɚɧɚɬɪɭɛɤɚɯɨɥɨɞɧɚɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɨɩɿɤɿɜ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ/ɊɢɫɿɩɨɦɢɣɬɟʀʀɩɿɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɎɨɪɫɭɧɤɭɦɨɠɧɚ
ɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɞɨɤɿɧɰɹɯɨɞɭəɤɳɨɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɩɨɱɢ-
ɫɬɿɬɶɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭ9ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣɨɬɜɿɪɜɢɯɨɞɭɩɚɪɢɊɢɫɉɿɫɥɹɤɨɠɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɜɢɤɨɧɭɣɬɟɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɚɪɢɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɸɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɳɨɛɡɜɿɥɶɧɢɬɢɨɬɜɿɪɜɿɞɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɯɡɚɥɢɲɤɿɜ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȏȎȘȡ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɩɟɪɿɨɞɢɱɧɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɸɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɛɚɤɚɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɝɭɛɤɢɚɛɨɦɨɤɪɨʀɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɢ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȞȓȦȳȠȘȖȳȝȳȒȒȜțȡȒșȭȘȞȎȝȓșȪ
Ɋɛɧɺɭɛɤɭɠɴɩɪʀɟɟɩɨɟɦɺɥɫɛɪɠɦɷ+ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩɲɛɬɝʀɟɲɛɬɮɬɪɩɫɩɡɨɹɝɛɭɣ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ+ɡɦɚɲɢɧɢɊɢɫɫɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɬɶɣɨɝɨɿɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟɩɿɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɸ
ɜɨɞɨɸ
ɉɨɦɢɣɬɟɪɟɲɿɬɤɭ,ɩɿɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȘȜȞȝȡȟȡȚȎȦȖțȖ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɉɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɧɟɪɭɯɨɦɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɦɚɲɢɧɢɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɭɜɨɥɨɝɭɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɭɳɨɛɧɟɩɨ-
ɲɤɨɞɢɬɢɤɨɪɩɭɫ
ǰǶDzǮǹdzǻǻȍǻǮǽǶǸȁ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɢɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɿɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɦɚɲɢɧɭɭɪɨɛɨɱɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɿɿɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɸɬɶɫɬɪɨɤ
ʀʀɫɥɭɠɛɢɡɧɚɱɧɨɡɧɢɠɭɸɱɢɪɢɡɢɤɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɭɩɪɢɫɬɪɨʀəɤɳɨɩɨɩɪɢɜɫɿɡɚɯɨɞɢɡɞɨɝɥɹɞɭ
ɱɟɪɟɡɩɟɜɧɢɣɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɚɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɨɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɡɚɝɪɨɡɨɸɱɟɪɟɡɱɚɫɬɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɠɨɪɫɬɤɨʀɚɛɨɜɚɩ-
ɧɢɫɬɨʀɜɨɞɢɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɡɦɚɲɢɧɢɳɨɛɭɫɭɧɭɬɢɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɿɫɬɶȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ
ɞɥɹɰɿɽʀɦɟɬɢɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɫɿɛɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭ12&$/ɜɿɞ$ULHWHɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɿɥɢɦɨɧɧɨʀɤɢɫɥɨɬɢ
ɐɟɣɡɚɫɿɛɦɨɠɧɚɡɧɚɣɬɢɜɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ$ULHWH$ULHWHɧɟɧɟɫɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧ-
ɧɹɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɢɳɨɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯɡɚɫɨɛɿɜɡɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯɞɨɛɚɜɨɤɍ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɤɢɩɭɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɶɜɤɚɡɿɜɨɤ ɳɨ
ɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɿɜɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀɞɨɡɚɫɨɛɭɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭ
ǰǶǰǥDzǵdzǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǥǦ
ɍɪɚɡɿɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɦɚɲɢɧɢɡɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢʀʀɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɟɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɫɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɬɢ
ɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɫɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɬɢɬɚɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɞɢɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ³ɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ´ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ
ɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢɪɨɡɞɿɥɟɧɧɹɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜɹɤɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢɫɹɭɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɿɦɚɲɢɧɢ
ɬɚʀɯɩɟɪɟɪɨɛɤɭɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɜɿɞʀɯɫɤɥɚɞɭɬɚɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɶɡɚɤɨɧɿɜɳɨɞɿɸɬɶɭɄɪɚʀɧɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
108
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ǽǥDzǸǮǵǸǶDzǹȍǰǶǾǥȆdzǻǻȍDzdzȍǸǶȃǽǾǼǯǹdzǺ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɧɟɩɨɥɚɞɨɤɭɪɨɛɨɬɿɧɟɝɚɣɧɨɜɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭɿɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɂ ɉɊɂɑɂɇɂ ȼɂɊȱɒȿɇɇə
Ɇɚɲɢɧɚɧɟɩɨɞɚɽ
ɩɚɪɭ Ɇɚɥɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢɿ
ɧɚɫɨɫɧɟɜɫɦɨɤɬɭɽ ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶɳɨɛɚɤɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɿɭɧɶɨɦɭ
ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɣɪɿɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɢ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɪɿɜɧɹ³0$;´
Ɉɬɜɿɪɜɢɯɨɞɭɩɚɪɢ
ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɢɣ ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɜɚɩɧɹɧɿ
ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɧɹɳɨɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹɭɨɬɜɨɪɚɯɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɚɪɢ
Ʉɚɜɚɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɱɟɪɟɡɤɪɚʀ
ɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
Ƀɦɨɜɿɪɧɨɳɨɭɮɿɥɶɬɪ
ɧɚɫɢɩɚɧɨɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɭ
ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ
ɹɤɚɡɚɜɚɞɢɥɚɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ
ɡɚɬɹɝɧɭɬɢɞɟɪɠɚɤ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɿ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɝɧɿɡɞɨ
ɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɝɭɛɤɨɸɊɢɫɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɩɨɤɥɚɜɲɢɭ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɤɚɜɢ
ɇɚɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱɿɝɧɿɡɞɚ
ɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɞɟɪɠɚɤɚ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɡɚɥɢɲɢɥɢɫɶ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɨɸɚɛɨɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸ
Ɋɢɫ
ȼɢɯɿɞɧɢɣɨɬɜɿɪɮɿɥɶɬɪɭ
ɞɥɹɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ
ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɢɣ
ɉɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶ
ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɢɣɨɬɜɿɪɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɉɪɨɜɟɞɿɬɶɱɢɫɬɤɭ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ©&2))((&/($1ªɜɿɞ
$ULHWHɿɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɸɱɢɫɶɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɣɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɰɿ
Ⱦɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɱɚɥɞɚ ɉɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ
ɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɝɧɿɡɞɨɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɊɢɫɁɚɦɿɧɿɬɶ
ɱɚɥɞɭɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
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ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɂ ɉɊɂɑɂɇɂ ȼɂɊȱɒȿɇɇə
Ʉɚɜɚɧɟɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɚɛɨɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨ
Ɉɬɜɨɪɢɩɟɪɮɨɪɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ
ɞɢɫɤɭɹɤɢɣɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ
ɭɝɧɿɡɞɿɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ
ɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿ
ɍɜɿɦɤɧɿɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭɛɟɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɱɢɜɨɞɭ
əɤɳɨɜɨɞɚɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɭɽɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɡɨɬɜɨɪɿɜɧɟɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɨ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɿɬɶɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɜɿɞɧɚɤɢɩɭɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɡɚɫɨɛɭ$ULHWH
12&$/ɹɤɢɣɦɨɠɧɚɩɪɢɞɛɚɬɢɭɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ$ULHWH
ɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɸɱɢɫɶɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɣɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɰɿ
ȼɢɯɿɞɧɢɣɨɬɜɿɪɮɿɥɶɬɪɭ
ɞɥɹɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ
ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɢɣ
ɉɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶ
ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɢɣɨɬɜɿɪɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɉɪɨɜɟɞɿɬɶɱɢɫɬɤɭ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ©&2))((&/($1ªɜɿɞ
$ULHWHɿɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɸɱɢɫɶɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɣɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɰɿ
Ɂɚɧɚɞɬɨɦɿɥɤɚɫɭɦɿɲ
ɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɤɚɜɨɜɭɫɭɦɿɲɛɿɥɶɲɝɪɭɛɨʀ
ɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɫɬɿ
Ɂɚɧɚɞɬɨɫɩɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɚ
ɫɭɦɿɲɤɚɜɢ ɋɩɪɟɫɨɜɭɣɬɟɤɚɜɭɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɡɦɟɧɲɨɸɫɢɥɨɸ
ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣɛɚɤ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɛɚɤɩɪɢɬɢɫɧɭɜɲɢɣɨɝɨɞɨɭɩɨɪɭ
Ɇɚɥɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢɿ
ɧɚɫɨɫɧɟɜɫɦɨɤɬɭɽ ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶɳɨɛɚɤɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɿɭɧɶɨɦɭ
ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɣɪɿɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɢɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸ
ɞɨɪɿɜɧɹ³0$;´
Ⱦɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɱɚɥɞɚ ɉɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ
ɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɝɧɿɡɞɨɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɊɢɫɁɚɦɿɧɿɬɶ
ɱɚɥɞɭɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
Ɋɨɡɪɢɜɱɚɥɞɢ ɉɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ
ɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɝɧɿɡɞɨɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɊɢɫɁɚɦɿɧɿɬɶ
ɱɚɥɞɭɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
Ʉɚɜɚɡɚɧɚɞɬɨ
ɜɨɞɹɧɢɫɬɚɿ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɚ
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ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɭɦɿɲɛɿɥɶɲɦɿɥɤɨɝɨɩɨɦɟɥɭ
110
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111
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112
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