Ariete 1344 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for 1344 by Ariete which is a product in the Coffee Makers category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
COD. 4065103000 REV. 1 del 20/09/2016
827070
MOD. 1344
De’ Longhi Appliances Srl
Divisione Commerciale Ariete
Via San Quirico, 300
50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI)
E-Mail: info@ariete.net
Internet: www.ariete.net
Stazione per colazione multifunzione 3 in 1: moka elettrica, cappuccinatore e bollitore
Breakfast station
Centrale petit-déjeuner multifonctions 3 en 1: cafetière italienne moka électrique, dispositif à
cappuccino et bouilloire
Multifunktion-Frühstückstation 3-in-1: Elektrische Mokkakanne, Milchschäumer,
Wasserkocher
Estación de desayuno multifunción 3 en 1: moka eléctrica, capuchinador y hervidor de agua
Estação para pequeno almoço multifunção 3 em 1: Máquina de café moka elétrica, fervedor
e emulsionador de leite
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7KLVDSSOLDQFHLVGHVLJQHGVROHO\IRUKRXVHKROGDQGVLPLODUXVHVVXFKDV
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DFFHSWDQ\UHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUGDPDJHVRIDQ\NLQGFDXVHGE\LPSURSHUXVHRIWKH
DSSOLDQFHLWVHOI,PSURSHUXVHDOVRUHVXOWVLQDQ\IRUPRIZDUUDQW\EHLQJIRUIHLWHG
RESIDUAL RISKS
7KHFRQVWUXFWLRQFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHDSSOLDQFHFRYHUHGE\WKLVSXEOLFDWLRQGRQRWDOORZWRSUR-
WHFWWKHXVHUDJDLQVWKRWVXUIDFHV
Warning - Risk of burns
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PDNHUNHWWOHE\WKHKDQGOH
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KROHVRIWKHHOHFWULFFRIIHHPDNHU'RQRWRSHQWKHOLGZKHQWKHDSSOLDQFHLVGLVSHQVLQJ
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16
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Caution - Risk of material damage
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IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.
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VHUYLFHGRHVQRWFRYHUDQ\GDPDJHUHVXOWLQJIURPLQDGHTXDWHSDFNDJLQJRIWKH
SURGXFWZKHQWKLVLVVHQWEDFNWRDQ$XWKRULVHG6HUYLFH&HQWUH
7KHDSSOLDQFHFRPSOLHVZLWK5HJXODWLRQ(&1RRIRQ
WKHPDWHULDOVLQFRQWDFWZLWKIRRG
Danger for children
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ORZHGE\DUHVSRQVLEOHSHUVRQRULIWKH\KDYHUHFHLYHGLQVWUXFWLRQVUHJDUGLQJWKH
XVHRIWKHDSSOLDQFHLQVDIHFRQGLWLRQVDQGKDYHXQGHUVWRRGWKHGDQJHUVZKLFK
PD\DULVHGXULQJWKHDSSOLDQFHXVH
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WKH\DUHROGHUWKDQ\HDUVDQGDUHPRQLWRUHGGXULQJWKHRSHUDWLRQ&KLOGUHQPXVWEH
VXSHUYLVHGDWDOOWLPHVWRHQVXUHWKH\GRQRWSOD\ZLWKWKHDSSOLDQFH
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,QWKHHYHQWWKDWWKLVDSSOLDQFHLVWREHGLVSRVHGRILWLVVXJJHVWHGWKDWWKHSRZHU
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LQFOXGLQJWKHSRZHUFRUGDUHUHQGHUHGKDUPOHVVWRSUHYHQWSHUVRQDOLQMXU\'R
QRWOHWFKLOGUHQSOD\ZLWKWKHDSSOLDQFHRULWVFRPSRQHQWV
Danger due to electricity
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PHQWDOFDSDELOLWLHVRUODFNRIH[SHULHQFHDQGNQRZOHGJHRQO\LIWKH\DUHPRQ-
LWRUHGE\DUHVSRQVLEOHSHUVRQRULIWKH\KDYHUHFHLYHGDQGXQGHUVWRRGLQVWUXF-
WLRQVUHJDUGLQJWKHDSSOLDQFHVDIHXVHDQGLIWKH\KDYHXQGHUVWRRGWKHGDQJHUV
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17
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DQ\KD]DUG
1HYHUSXWOLYHSDUWVLQWRFRQWDFWZLWKZDWHU,WFDQFDXVHDVKRUWFLUFXLW
5HPRYHWKHSOXJIURPWKHSRZHURXWOHWEHIRUHFOHDQLQJRUPDLQWHQDQFH
'RQRWLPPHUVHWKHDSSOLDQFHLQZDWHURURWKHUOLTXLGV
Danger of damage originating from other causes
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RXWOHW
7KHDSSOLDQFHLVQRWWREHXVHGLILWKDVEHHQGURSSHGLIWKHUHDUHYLVLEOHVLJQRI
GDPDJHIDXOWVRUVXVSHFWHGGHIHFWVDIWHUGURSSLQJRULILWLVOHDNLQJZDWHU1HYHU
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7RSUHYHQWDQ\DFFLGHQWDOOUHSDLUVLQFOXGLQJWKHUHSODFHPHQWRIWKHSRZHUFRUG
PXVWEHFDUULHGRXWE\DQ$XWKRULVHG6HUYLFH&HQWUHRUE\VXLWDEO\TXDOL¿HGSHU-
VRQQHO2WKHUZLVHWKHZDUUDQW\PD\EHUHYRNHG7KHPDQXIDFWXUHUGLVFODLPVDOO
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Warning of burns
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HUEDVHRQO\ZKHQWKHKHDWLQJSURFHVVLVFRPSOHWHGDQGWKHDSSOLDQFHLVVZLWFKHG
RII
/LIWWKHHOHFWULFFRIIHHPDNHUDQGWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNHUNHWWOHE\WKHGHGLFDWHG
KDQGOH
%HIRUHFOHDQLQJDOORZWKHDSSOLDQFHWRFRRO
Warning – material damage
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'RQRWSRVLWLRQWKHDSSOLDQFHRQYHU\KRWVXUIDFHVRUFORVHWRRSHQÀDPHVWR
SUHYHQWWKHFDVLQJIURPEHLQJGDPDJHG
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7KHFDEOHPXVWQRWWRXFKWKHKRWSDUWVRIWKHDSSOLDQFH
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7RGLVSRVHRISURGXFWFRUUHFWO\DFFRUGLQJWR(XURSHDQ'LUHFWLYH(8
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SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
18
EN
DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLIANCE
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Components of the electric coffee maker
E - Boiler
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0/LG
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Components of the cappuccino maker/kettle
2/LG
3:LWKRXWVSLUDOLQVHUW
4,QVHUWZLWKVSLUDO
R - Container
6+DQGOH
7/HYHOLQGLFDWRU
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U - ,QVHUWVXSSRUW
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VLVWDQFH
19
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PRELIMINARY PHASES FOR USE
Starting the appliance
Check that the domestic mains voltage is the same as the voltage indicated on the label of
the device.
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:DVKWKHFRPSRQHQWVDVGHVFULEHGLQWKH&OHDQLQJWKHDSSOLDQFHSDUDJUDSK
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HOW TO MAKE COFFEE
Danger - Risk of electric shock
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Caution - Risk of material damage
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3D\FORVHDWWHQWLRQVRWKDWWKHZDWHUGRHVQRWZHWWKHRXWVLGHRIWKHNHWWOH3UHYHQWZDWHU
IURPVHHSLQJLQVLGHWKHHOHFWULFDOSDUWV
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FRIIHHWREHGLVSHQVHG:DVKDQGGU\WKHMXJDQGDOODFFHVVRULHV'RQRWZDVKWKHNHWWOHRU
WKHSRZHUEDVH
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SRZGHUIURPRYHUÀRZLQJ(YHQO\GLVWULEXWHWKHFRIIHHDQGUHPRYHDQ\H[FHVVSRZGHUIURPWKH
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,IDQH[FHVVLYHDPRXQWRIFRIIHHSRZGHULVLQVHUWHGLQVLGHWKHIXQQHOÀOWHU*LWPD\EH
GLIÀFXOWWRFRUUHFWO\WLJKWHQWKHNHWWOH(WRWKHMXJ.'XULQJWKHFRIIHHGLVSHQVLQJWKH
kettle may leak. The coffee may not come out correctly.
20
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Warning - Risk of burns
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PDNLQJEXWWRQOLJKW$VWDUWVÀDVKLQJ8VHDVSRRQWRVWLUWKHFRIIHHDQGXQLIRUPWKHWH[WXUHDQG
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IHH2UXVHJORYHVRUNLWFKHQWRZHOVWRDYRLGWKHULVNRIEXUQV
Caution - Risk of material damage
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WKHZDWHUUHVLGXHLQWKHNHWWOHFRXOGIUHH]HDQGFDXVHGDPDJH
Two cup coffee
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,IFRIIHHLVQRWGLVSHQVHGLWFRXOGEHFDXVHGE\DFORJJLQJRIWKHÀOWHU6WRSWKHGLVSHQVLQJ
DQGZDLWIRUWKHDSSOLDQFHWRFRROGRZQ7KHQFOHDQDVH[SODLQHGLQWKHUHOHYDQWSDUDJUDSK
Keep warm function
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HOW TO USE THE CAPPUCCINO MAKER/KETTLE
Danger - Risk of electric shock
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PXVWDOZD\VEHFRYHUHGE\PLONRUZDWHU,QFDVHRILQVXI¿FLHQWDPRXQWRIPLONRUZDWHUWKH
DSSOLDQFHPD\RYHUKHDW,IWKHDSSOLDQFHLV¿OOHGEH\RQGWKHOHYHOVLQGLFDWHGLWLVSRVVLEOH
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Caution - Risk of material damage
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'RQRWRSHUDWHWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNHUNHWWOHZLWKRXWPLONRUZDWHU
'RQRW¿OOWKHFRQWDLQHUZLWKZDUPPLONRUZDUPZDWHU
21
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SHDWWKHRSHUDWLRQWZRRUWKUHHWLPHV
'XULQJWKHÀUVWKHDWLQJDVOLJKWRGRXUPD\GHYHORSGRQWZRUU\LWVSHUIHFWO\QRUPDOEH-
FDXVHVRPHSDUWVZHUHOLJKWO\OXEULFDWHGWKHSKHQRPHQRQZLOOGLVDSSHDUDIWHUDVKRUWWLPH
Possibility of simultaneous operation of electric coffee maker and milk frother/kettle
TO FROTH MILK
Choose the insert
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7RREWDLQVPDOODPRXQWVRIIURWKRUWRVOLJKWO\IURWKVPDOODPRXQWVXVHWKHLQVHUW
ZLWKRXWVSLUDO
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Pour milk
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Froth and heat the milk
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Warning - Risk of burns
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3RXUWKHPLONLQWRWKHFXS
After using the appliance, immediately clean the container and the insert thus preventing
22
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milk from drying inside it.
Froth the milk cold
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LQVHUWZLWKVSLUDO
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EXWWRQOLJKW%VWDUWVÀDVKLQJ
6WRSRUÀQLVKLQJWKHPLONKHDWLQJDQGIURWKLQJLQDGYDQFH
3UHVVWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNLQJEXWWRQ%7KHRSHUDWLRQLQGLFDWRUOLJKWWXUQVRII
7RFRQWLQXHZDUPLQJDQGIURWKLQJSUHVVWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNLQJEXWWRQDJDLQ
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TO WARM WATER
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Do not go past the MAX level.
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3ODFHWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNHUNHWWOHRQWKHSRZHUEDVH
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To boil water
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To heat the water to 80°C (176°F)
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LQ\HOORZ
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SUHSDUDWLRQEXWWRQOLJKW&VWDUWVÀDVKLQJ
Warning - Risk of burns
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0DNHVXUHWKDWWKHDSSOLDQFHLVRIIEHIRUHOLIWLQJLWIURPWKHSRZHUEDVH
/LIWWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNHUNHWWOHE\LWVKDQGOH'LVFRQQHFWWKHFRQWDLQHUIURPWKHSRZHUVXSSO\
EDVH
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7KHSUHVHQFHRIZDWHUGURSOHWVXQGHUWKHFRQWDLQHULVFRPSOHWHO\QRUPDOLWLVRQO\FRQGHQ-
sation.
23
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HOW TO SWITCH OFF THE APPLIANCE
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Protection from overheating
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ERLOGU\SURWHFWLRQGHYLFHWRUHVHW
CLEANING THE APPLIANCE
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OPÉRATIONS AVANT L’EMPLOI
Mise en marche
Contrôler que la tension du réseau domestique soit la même que celle indiquée sur la pla-
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moka.
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Attendre que la cafetière italienne refroidisse avant de dévisser la chaudière et préparer un
nouveau café. Sinon, on peut aussi utiliser des gants ou un linge de cuisine pour éviter de
se brûler.
Attention - Risque de dégâts matériels
1HSDVODLVVHUODFDIHWLqUHLWDOLHQQHjXQHWHPSpUDWXUHDPELDQWHLQIpULHXUHj&FDUOHUpVL-
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graphe correspondant.
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Fonction de maintien au chaud
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Danger - Risque d'électrocution
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GXURELQHWXQLTXHPHQW
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Possibilité de mettre simultanément en marche la cafetière électrique et le mousseur à lait/
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Verser le lait
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34
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POUR CHAUFFER L'EAU
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Ne pas franchir le niveau MAX indiqué.
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ment de vapeur condensée.
COMMENT ÉTEINDRE L'APPAREIL
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36
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NETTOYAGE DE L’APPAREIL
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Nettoyage de la base d'alimentation de l'appareil
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Nettoyage de la cafetière italienne électrique
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37
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Nettoyage du dispositif à cappuccino/bouilloire
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KHQ
Achtung - Sachschadenrisiko
'LHHOHNWULVFKH0RNNDNDQQHQLHRKQH:DVVHUYHUZHQGHQ
%HVRQGHUVDXIPHUNVDPYRUJHKHQGDPLWGDV:DVVHUGDVlXHUH*HKlXVHGHV:DVVHUEH-
KlOWHUVQLFKWQDVVZLUG'DV:DVVHUGDUIQLFKWLQGLHHOHNWULVFKHQ7HLOHHLQGULQJHQ
'HQ+HL]NHVVHOQLHPLWKHLHPRGHUNRFKHQGHP:DVVHUDXIIOOHQ
'HQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUQXUPLWIULVFKHP1DWXUZDVVHUIOOHQ
'HQWULFKWHUI|UPLJHQ)LOWHUGDUIPDQDXVVFKOLHOLFKPLW3XOYHUNDIIHHDXIIOOHQ'LHVN|QQWH
VFKZHUH6FKDGHQLP*HUlWYHUXUVDFKHQ'LHHOHNWULVFKH0RNNDNDQQHQLFKWPLW*HUVWHQNDI-
IHHYHUZHQGHQ
%HLGHUHUVWHQ,QEHWULHEQDKPHRGHUQDFKHLQHUODQJHQ%HWULHEVSDXVHHPSÀHKOWPDQPLQ-
GHVWHQVHLQHQ.DIIHHDXVÁLHHQ]XODVVHQ'HQ.DQQHQDXIVDW]XQGDOOH=XEHK|UWHLOHQVS-
OHQXQGDEWURFNQHQ'HQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUXQGGHQHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHOQLFKWZDVFKHQ
3UIHQGDVVGLH0RNNDNDQQHNDOWLVW
'LHHOHNWULVFKH0RNNDNDQQHDXVGHPHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHOHQWIHUQHQ
'HQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHU(PLWHLQHU+DQGKDOWHQXQGGHQ.DQQHQDXIVDW].JHJHQGHQ8KU]HL-
45
DE
JHUVLQQDXVVFKUDXEHQ
'HQWULFKWHUI|UPLJHU)LOWHU*DEQHKPHQ
'HQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUPLW:DVVHUELV]XPLQGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUVLFKWEDUHQ6LFKHUKHLWVYHQWLO)
IOOHQ$EE'DV6LFKHUKHLWVYHQWLOQLFKWEHUVFKUHLWHQ
'HQWULFKWHUI|UPLJHU)LOWHULQGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUHLQIJHQ
'HQWULFKWHUI|UPLJHQ)LOWHUPLW3XOYHUNDIIHHIOOHQRKQHLKQDQ]XGUFNHQ'HQWULFKWHUI|UPLJHQ
)LOWHUQDFKXQGQDFKIOOHQXP]XYHUPHLGHQGDVVGHU3XOYHUNDIIHHEHUOlXIW'HQ.DIIHH
HLQKHLWOLFKYHUWHLOHQXQGGHUHYHQWXHOOHhEHUVFKXVVDXVGHP)LOWHUUDQGZHJZLVFKHQ
3XOYHUNDIIHHYRQJXWHU4XDOLWlWPLWPLWWOHUHU0DKOVWXIHXQGIU0RNNDNDQQHYHUSDFNWYHU-
ZHQGHQ
:LUG]XYLHO.DIIHHSXOYHULQGHQ WULFKWHUI|UPLJHQ)LOWHUHLQJHIOOW* NDQQHVVFKZLHULJ
VHLQGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHU(DQGHP.DQQHQDXIVDW].]XVFKUDXEHQ:lKUHQGGHU.DI-
IHHDEJDEHNDQQHVSDVVLHUHQGDVVHV9HUOXVWHDXVGHP:DVVHUEHKlOWHUJLEW'HU.DIIHH
N|QQWHQLFKWNRUUHNWDXVÁLHHQ
Warnung - Verbrennungsrisiko
'HQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUDQGHP.DQQHQDXIVDW]JXWDQVFKUDXEHQRKQH]XYLHO]XGUHKHQ.HL-
QHQ+HEHOHIIHNWDQGHU*ULIIDXVEHQ
:lKUHQGGDV*HUlWLQ%HWULHELVWPXVVGHU'HFNHO]XEOHLEHQ
'LHHOHNWULVFKH0RNNDNDQQHDXIGHQHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHOVWHOOHQ''HQ'HFNHOVFKOLHHQ
$QVFKOLHHQGGHQ6WHFNHULQHLQH6WHFNGRVHPLW(UGOHLWXQJVWHFNHQ
'HQ6FKDOWHU]XU.DIIHHYRUEHUHLWXQJ$GUFNHQ'DV*HUlWVFKDOWHWVLFKDQ'LH6FKDOWHUDQ-
]HLJHOHXFKWHWURW
1DFKHLQLJHQ0LQXWHQÀLHWGHU.DIIHHKHUDXV:DUWHQELVGHU.DIIHHNRPSOHWWKHUDXVJHÀRVVHQ
LVW'LH$Q]HLJHGHV6FKDOWHUV]XU.DIIHHYRUEHUHLWXQJ$IlQJWDQ]XEOLQNHQ0LWHLQHP7HHO|IIHO
GHQ.DIIHHPLVFKHQGDPLW6WlUNHXQG7HPSHUDWXUJOHLFKPlLJZHUGHQ
'HQ.DIIHHLQGLH7DVVHQJHEHQ
9RUHLQHUHUQHXWHQ.DIIHH]XEHUHLWXQJXPGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUDE]XVFKUDXEHQDEZDUWHQ
bis sich die elektrische Mokkakanne kalt ist. Alternativ kann man Handschuhe oder Lappen
YHUZHQGHQXP9HUEUHQQXQJHQYRU]XEHXJHQ
Achtung - Sachschadenrisiko
'LHHOHNWULVFKH0RNNDNDQQHGDUIQLFKWLQ5lXPHQPLW7HPSHUDWXUHQXQWHU&EOHLEHQGD
GDVUHVWOLFKH:DVVHULP:DVVHUEHKlOWHUIULHUHQXQG6FKDGHQYHUXUVDFKHQN|QQWH
Kaffee für zwei Tassen
'HQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHU(KDOEPLW:DVVHUIOOHQ$EEGDEHLDFKWHQGDVVGDV:DVVHUXQWHU
GHU+|KHGHV6LFKHUKHLWVYHQWLOV)EOHLEW
'HQWULFKWHUI|UPLJHQ7DVVHQ)LOWHU*DXIGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUDXIVHW]HQ
8PGHQ7DVVHQ.DIIHHYRU]XEHUHLWHQGLH$QSDVVXQJVVFKHLEH+LQGHQWULFKWHUI|UPLJHQ
7DVVHQ)LOWHUHLQVFKLHEHQ$EE
/DXW$EVDW]'LH.DIIHHYRUEHUHLWXQJYRUJHKHQ
46
DE
7ULWWNHLQHQ.DIIHHKHUDXVNDQQHVVHLQGDVVGHU)LOWHUYHUVWRSIWLVW'LH.DIIHHDEJDEHXQ-
WHUEUHFKHQXQGZDUWHQELVGDV*HUlWDEJHNKOWLVW$QVFKOLHHQGZLHLPHQWVSUHFKHQGHQ
Abschnitt angegeben reinigen.
Warmhaltefunktion
:HQQGLHHOHNWULVFKH0RNNDNDQQHDXIGHQHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHOEOHLEWVWDUWHWGLH:DUPKDO-
WHSKDVH'DPLWEOHLEWGHU.DIIHHZDUP'LH:DUPKDOWHIXQNWLRQEOHLEW0LQXWHQODQJDNWLY
VERWENDUNG DES MILCHSCHÄUMERS/WASSERKOCHERS
Gefahr - Stromschlagrisiko
%HLP$XIIOOHQXQG$XVOHHUHQGHV0LOFKEHKlOWHUVVROOGLHVHUYRPHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHO
JHWUHQQWVHLQ
'LHDQGHU,QQHQVHLWHGHV:DVVHUEHKlOWHUVDQJHEUDFKWHQ1LYHDXPDUNHQ0$;EHDFKWHQ
'LH)OlFKHDXIGHP%HKlOWHUERGHQPXVVLPPHUPLW0LOFKRGHU:DVVHUEHGHFNWVHLQ:HQQ
GLH0LOFKE]Z:DVVHUPHQJHXQJHQJHQGLVWEHVWHKWGLH*HIDKUGDVVGDV*HUlWVLFKEHU-
KLW]W:HQQGDV*HUlWEHUGLH1LYHDXPDUNHQEHUIOOWZLUGNDQQHVVHLQGDVVGLH0LOFK
RGHUGDV:DVVHUZlKUHQGGHU$XIZlUPSKDVHDXVWULWW
Achtung - Sachschadenrisiko
'DV*HUlWGDUIQLFKWRKQH0LOFKRGHU:DVVHUYHUZHQGHWZHUGHQ
'HQ0LOFKVFKlXPHU:DVVHUNRFKHUQXUPLWIULVFKHU0LOFKRGHUQDWUOLFKHP:DVVHUIOOHQ
'HU0LOFKVFKlXPHU:DVVHUNRFKHUGDUIQLFKWRKQH0LOFKRGHU:DVVHUEHWULHEHQZHUGHQ
'HQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUQLFKWPLWZDUPHPRGHUKHLHP:DVVHUDXIIOOHQ
Beim erstmaligen Einschalten des Gerätes das W asser kochen lassen. Den Wasserbehälter
DXVOHHUHQXQGVSOHQ'LHVHQ9RUJDQJ]ZHLRGHUGUHLPDOZLHGHUKROHQ
:lKUHQGGHVHUVWHQ$XIZlUPHQVNDQQHVSDVVLHUHQGDVVGDV*HUlWHLQHQOHLFKWHQ*HUXFK
DEJLEW.HLQH6RUJH'DVLVWDEVROXWQRUPDOZHLOHLQLJH7HLOHOHLFKWJHVFKPLHUWVLQG1DFK
HLQLJHU=HLWZLUGGHQ*HUXFKYHUVFKZLQGHQ
Gleichzeitiges Betrieb der elektrischen Mokkakanne und des Milchschäumers/Wasserko-
FKHUVP|JOLFK
DIE MILCH AUFSCHÄUMEN
Den Einsatz auswählen
8PYLHO6FKDXP]XHUKDOWHQGHQVSLUDOI|UPLJHQ(LQVDW]HLQVWHFNHQ
8PHLQHQZHQLJ6FKDXP]XHUKDOWHQRGHUNOHLQH0HQJHQOHLFKWDXI]XVFKlXPHQ
GHQ(LQVDW]RKQH6SLUDOYHUZHQGHQ
'DPLWVLHQLFKWYHUORUHQJHKHQELWWHGLH(LQVlW]HLP6WDXSODW]LPXQWHUHQ7HLOGHV6RFNHOV$EE
DXIEHZDKUHQ
47
DE
Die Milch gießen
'HQ'HFNHOGHV%HKlOWHUVVFKOLHHQ
'HQHQWVSUHFKHQGHQ(LQVDW]LQGHQ+DOWHU8DXIGHP%RGHQGHV%HKlOWHUVHLQVWHFNHQ
'LH0LOFKELV]XP0D[LPDOQLYHDXIOOHQGDVPLWHLQHP6WULFKDQGHU+|KHGHU0$;0DUNLH-
UXQJDQJHJHEHQLVW
0$;IUGHQVSLUDOI|UPLJHQ(LQVDW]
0$;IUGHQ(LQVDW]RKQH6SLUDO
'HQ'HFNHOVROOVHKUJXWDQ%HKlOWHUEHIHVWLJWZHUGHQ
Die Milch schäumen und aufzuwärmen
'HQ0LOFKVFKlXPHU:DVVHUNRFKHUDXIGHQHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHOVWHOOHQ
$QVFKOLHHQGGHQ6WHFNHULQHLQH6WHFNGRVHPLW(UGOHLWXQJVWHFNHQ
'HQ6FKDOWHU]XU&DSSXFFLQRYRUEHUHLWXQJ%HLQPDOGUFNHQ'DV*HUlWVFKDOWHWVLFKDQ'LH
6FKDOWHUDQ]HLJHOHXFKWHWURW
'DV*HUlWIlQJWDQGLH0LOFKDXI]XZlUPHQXQG]XVFKlXPHQ
:HQQGHU(LQVDW]PLW6SLUDOYHUZHQGHWZLUGGDXHUWGHU$XIVFKlXPXQJVSUR]HVVFD0LQXWHQ
:HQQGHU(LQVDW]RKQH6SLUDOYHUZHQGHWZLUGGDXHUWGHU$XIVFKlXPXQJVSUR]HVVFD0LQXWHQ
'LH$XIZlUPXQJXQGGDV$XIVFKlXPHQVWRSSHQDXWRPDWLVFK
'LH$Q]HLJHGHV6FKDOWHUV]XU&DS-
SXFFLQRYRUEHUHLWXQJ%IlQJWDQ]XEOLQNHQ
Warnung - Verbrennungsrisiko
:HQQGLH0LOFKNRFKWGDUIPDQGHQ'HFNHOGDUIQLFKW|IIQHQ9RUVLFKW'LHKHLH0LOFKNDQQ
KHUDXVVSULW]HQ
9RUGHP$EQHKPHQGHV*HUlWVDXVGHPHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHOVLFKHUVWHOOHQGDVVGDV
*HUlWDXVJHVFKDOWHWLVW
+HEHQ6LHGHQ0LOFKVFKlXPHU:DVVHUNRFKHUDQVHLQHP*ULII'HQ%HKlOWHUDXVGHPHOHNWUL-
VFKHQ+HL]VRFNHODEQHKPHQ
'LH0LOFKLQGLH7DVVHJLHHQ
Nach dem Gebrauch, den Behälter und den Einsatz sofort spülen, damit die Milch nicht im
Behälter austrocknet.
Die Milch kalt aufschäumen lassen
0DQNDQQGHQ6FKDXP$XIVFKlXPHQRKQHGLH0LOFK]XHUZlUPHQ8PHLQHQZHLFKHQXQGFUHPL-
JHQ6FKDXP]XKDEHQDXVVFKOLHOLFKGHQVSLUDOI|UPLJHQ(LQVDW]YHUZHQGHQ
'HQ6FKDOWHU]XU&DSSXFFLQRYRUEHUHLWXQJ%GUFNHQXQGLKQIUFD6HNXQGHQJHGUFNW
KDOWHQELVGDV*HUlWDQIlQJWGLH0LOFKDXIVFKlXPHQ]XODVVHQ'DV*HUlWVFKDOWHWVLFKDQ
'LH6FKDOWHUDQ]HLJHOHXFKWHWEODX
1DFKFD±0LQXWHQVWRSSWGHU0LOFKVFKDXPYRUJDQJDXWRPDWLVFK'LH$Q]HLJHGHV6FKDOWHUV
]XU&DSSXFFLQRYRUEHUHLWXQJ%IlQJWDQ]XEOLQNHQ
Die Erwärmung und die Milchaufschäumung vorzeitig unterbrechen oder
stoppen
'HQ6FKDOWHU]XU&DSSXFFLQRYRUEHUHLWXQJ%GUFNHQ'LH%HWULHEVDQ]HLJHVFKDOWHWVLFKDXV
8PZHLWHUDXI]XZlUPHQXQGDXI]XVFKlXPHQGHQ6FKDOWHU]XU&DSSXFFLRQRYRUEHUHLWXQJQRFK-
48
DE
PDOVGUFNHQ
NXU]ZHQQPDQDXIZlUPHQXQGDXIVFKlXPHQZLOO
ODQJZHQQPDQDXIVFKlXPHQZLOORKQHDXI]XZlUPHQ
DAS WASSER AUFWÄRMEN
'LH]ZHL0LOFKVFKlXPHLQVlW]HGUIHQEHLP:DVVHUNRFKHQQLFKWYHUZHQGHWZHUGHQ'HQ(LQVDW]
3RG4DXVGHP:DVVHUNRFKHUHQWIHUQHQ
'HQ:DVVHUNRFKHUELV]XPJHZQVFKWHQ)OOVWDQGPLWIULVFKHPVWLOOHP:DVVHUDXIIOOHQ
Nicht über den angegebenen MAX-Füllstand auffüllen.
'HQ'HFNHOVROOVHKUJXWDQ%HKlOWHUEHIHVWLJWZHUGHQ
'HQ0LOFKVFKlXPHU:DVVHUNRFKHUDXIGHQHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHOVWHOOHQ
$QVFKOLHHQGGHQ6WHFNHULQHLQH6WHFNGRVHPLW(UGOHLWXQJVWHFNHQ
Um Wasser kochen zu lassen
'HQ6FKDOWHU]XU:DVVHUYRUEHUHLWXQJ&HLQPDOGUFNHQ'DV *HUlWVFKDOWHWVLFK DQ'LH
6FKDOWHUDQ]HLJHOHXFKWHWURW
Das Wasser bis 80° C aufwärmen
'HQ6FKDOWHU]XU:DVVHUYRUEHUHLWXQJ&GUFNHQXQGLKQIUFD6HNXQGHQJHGUFNWKDOWHQ
ELVGDV*HUlWDQIlQJWGDV:DVVHU]XHUZlUPHQ'DV*HUlWVFKDOWHWVLFKDQ'LH6FKODWHUDQ-
]HLJHOHXFKWHWJHOE
6REDOGGDV:DVVHUGLHHLQJHVWHOOWH7HPSHUDWXUHUUHLFKWVWRSSWGLH+HL]IXQNWLRQDXWRPDWLVFK'LH
$Q]HLJHGHV6FKDOWHUV]XU:DVVHUYRUEHUHLWXQJ&IlQJWDQ]XEOLQNHQ
Warnung - Verbrennungsrisiko
'HQ'HFNHOQLFKW|IIQHQVRODQJHGDV:DVVHUNRFKW(VEHVWHKWGLH*HIDKUGDVVNRFKHQGHQ
:DVVHUKHUDXVVSULW]W
9RUGHP$EQHKPHQGHV*HUlWVDXVGHPHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHOVLFKHUVWHOOHQGDVVGDV
*HUlWDXVJHVFKDOWHWLVW
+HEHQ6LHGHQ0LOFKVFKlXPHU:DVVHUNRFKHUDQVHLQHP*ULII'HQ%HKlOWHUDXVGHPHOHNWUL-
VFKHQ+HL]VRFNHODEQHKPHQ
'DV:DVVHULQGLH7DVVHQJLHHQ
1DFKMHGHP*HEUDXFKGDVLQ%HKlOWHUYHUEOHLEHQGHQ:DVVHUDXVOHHUHQ
8PHUQHXW:DVVHU]XNRFKHQHLQLJH6HNXQGHQZDUWHQGDPLWVLFKGLH(LQVFKDOWYRUULFKWXQJ]X-
UFNVHW]HQNDQQ
Wenn einige Wassertropfen unter des Behälters bleiben, ist es absolut normal: Es ist nur
.RQGHQVZDVVHU
DAS GERÄT AUSSCHALTEN
:LUGNHLQH7DVWHJHGUFNWZRUGHQLVWXQGDOOH%HWULHEVDQ]HLJHDXVJHVFKDOWHWVLQGGDQQLVWGDV
*HUlWDXVJHVFKDOWHW'HQ6WHFNHUGHV$QVFKOXVVNDEHOVLPPHUDXVGHU6WHFNGRVH]LHKHQ
Überhitzungsschutz
:HQQGDV*HUlWOHHUGKRKQH0LOFKRGHU:DVVHUHLQJHVFKDOWHWZLUGVFKDOWHWHVVLFKQDFKFD
49
DE
6HNXQGHQGDQNGHUhEHUKLW]XQJVVFKXW]DXWRPDWLVFKDXV8PHUQHXW:DVVHU]XNRFKHQ
HLQLJH6HNXQGHQZDUWHQGDPLWVLFKGLH(LQVFKDOWYRUULFKWXQJ]XUFNVHW]HQNDQQ
REININGUNG DES GERÄTS
Gefahr - Stromschlagrisiko
$OOHXQWHQEHVFKULHEHQHQ5HLQLJXQJVHLQJULIIHVLQGEHLDXVJHVFKDOWHWHP*HUlWXQGEHLJH-
WUHQQWHP6WHFNHUDXV]XIKUHQ
Achtung - Sachschadenrisiko
*XWHXQGUHJHOPlLJH:DUWXQJVXQG5HLQLJXQJVHLQJULIIHVFKW]HQXQGHUKDOWHQGDV*HUlW
IUHLQHOlQJHUH=HLWZLUNVDPXQGVFKUlQNHQGDV5LVLNRYRQ.DONDEODJHUXQJHQVWDUNHLQ
'LH*HUlWHWHLOHQLFKWLQGHU6SOPDVFKLQHVSOHQ.HLQHQGLUHNWHQ:DVVHUVWUDKOYHUZHQGHQ
'HP:DVVHUEHKlOWHUGHUHOHNWULVFKHQ0RNNDNDQQHGHQ%HKlOWHUGHV0LOFKVFKlXPHUVRGHU
GHQHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHOQLHLP.RQWDNWPLW:DVVHUEULQJHQ'LH%HVWDQGWHLOHGUIHQQLH
GHU)HXFKWLJNHLWDXVJHVHW]WZHUGHQ'LHHOHNWULVFKHQ7HLOHQPVVHQDXFKYRQHYHQWXHOOHQ
:DVVHUVSULW]HQRGHU±WURSIHQJHVFKW]WZHUGHQ
)UGLH5HLQLJXQJNHLQHFKHPLVFKHQVFKHXHUQGHQRGHUDJJUHVVLYHQ5HLQLJXQJVPLWWHOYHU-
ZHQGHQ
Warnung - Verbrennungsrisiko
$OOH5HLQLJXQJVXQG3ÀHJHDUEHLWHQPVVHQDXVJHIKUWZHUGHQZHQQGLHKHLH*HUlWHWHLOH
ZLHGHUNDOWVLQG
Reinigung des elektrischen Heizsockels
'HUHOHNWULVFKH+HL]VRFNHOPXVVPLWHLQHPIHXFKWHQ7XFKJHZLVFKWZHUGHQ.HLQH6FKHXHUPLWWHO
RGHU0HWDOOXWHQVLOLHQYHUZHQGHQ
Reinigung der elektrischen Mokkakanne
'HU:DVVHUEHKlOWHUPXVVPLWHLQHPIHXFKWHQ7XFKJHZLVFKWZHUGHQ.HLQH6FKHXHUPLWWHORGHU
0HWDOOXWHQVLOLHQYHUZHQGHQ
1DFKGHPGLH'LFKWXQJ,XQGGHQUXQGHQ)LOWHUHLQVDW]-IUGLH5HLQLJXQJRGHUIUGHQ(UVDW]
DEJHQRPPHQZXUGHQEHLGHU:LHGHUPRQWDJHJXWDXISDVVHQXP]XYHUPHLGHQGDVVGDVKHLH
:DVVHUDEVSULW]W
3UIHQGDVVGLHNOHLQHQ/|FKHUGHVWULFKWHUI|UPLJHQ)LOWHUVQLFKWYHUVWRSIWVLQGXQGJHJHEHQHQIDOOV
PLWHLQHUNOHLQHQ%UVWHUHLQLJHQ$EE
:HQQGLH'LFKWXQJXQGGHUUXQGHQ)LOWHUHLQVDW]DEJHQXW]WRGHUYHUEUDXFKWVLQGPVVHQVLHHU-
VHW]WZHUGHQ1XU2ULJLQDOHUVDW]WHLOHYHUZHQGHQGLHEHLGHQDXWRULVLHUWHQ6HUYLFH&HQWHUHUKlOWOLFK
VLQG
Entkalkung des Wasserbehälters
0LWGHU=HLWNDQQHVSDVVLHUHQGDVVQDFKGHU9RUEHUHLWXQJPHKUHUHU.DIIHHVVLFKDXIGHP%RGHQ
GHV:DVVHUEHKlOWHUVHLQH.DONVFKLFKWELOGHW'LHVNDQQGLH)LOWHU]HLWHUKHEOLFK YHUOlQJHUQ8P
GLHVHV3UREOHP]XYHUPHLGHQPXVVPDQGLHVH.DONVFKLFKWPLWHLQHP(QWNDONXQJVYRUJDQJDEXQG
]XHQWIHUQHQ'DIUVSH]L¿VFKHVLFKLP+DQGHOEH¿QGOLFKHQ(QWNDONXQJVPLWWHOQ]%=LWUXVVlXUH
YHUZHQGHQ
)UGLH(QWNDONXQJZLHIROJWYRUJHKHQG
50
DE
3UIHQREGLH0RNNDNDQQHNDOWLVWXQGVLHDEVFKUDXEHQ
'HQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUPLWGHP(QWNDONXQJVPLWWHOIOOHQXQGKDOEH6WXQGHZDUWHQ
'HQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHULQQHQJXWUHLQLJHQ
Den Vorgang mit kaltem, nicht im elektrischen Heizsockel eingesteckten Wasserbehälter
durchführen.
1DFKHLQHUKDOEHQ6WXQGHGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUHQWOHHUHQXQGSUIHQREGHUJDQ]H%RGHQIUHL
YRP.DONVWHLQLVW'DQQGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUJXWVSOHQ'HQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUQLFKWLQV:DVVHU
HLQWDXFKHQ
0LQGHVWHQVGUHLPDOGHQ.DIIHHNRFKHQXQGGLHVHQQLFKWYHU]HKUHQ
'LH*DUDQWLHOHLVWXQJHQGHFNHQNHLQH6FKlGHQDEGLHGXUFKYRQ.DONYHUXUVDFKWHQ9HUVWRSIXQJHQ
HQWVWDQGHQVLQG
Reinigung des Milchschäumers/Wasserkochers
1DFKMHGHP$XIZlUPXQJVXQG$XIVFKlXPXQJVSUR]HVVGHQ%HKlOWHUVRIRUWVSOHQGDPLW
die Milch nicht im Behälter austrocknet.
'HQ6WHFNHUDXVGHU6WURPVWHFNGRVH]LHKHQ
'HQ(LQVDW]DXVGHP%HKlOWHUKHUDXVQHKPHQ
'HQ'HFNHQ2XQGGLH(LQVlW]H43PLWZDUPHQ:DVVHUXQG*HVFKLUUVSOHUVSOHQ
1XUGHQ,QQHQWHLOGHV%HKlOWHUV5PLWZDUPHQ:DVVHUXQG*HVFKLUUVSOHUVSOHQ
$OOH7HLOHJUQGOLFKWURFNQHQYRUDOOHPGHQ%HKlOWHUGDPLWVLFKNHLQH)OHFNHQELOGHQ
Entkalkung des Behälters
*XWHXQGUHJHOPlLJH:DUWXQJVXQG5HLQLJXQJVHLQJULIIHVFKW]HQXQGHUKDOWHQGDV*HUlWIU
HLQHOlQJHUH=HLWZLUNVDPXQGVFKUlQNHQGDV5LVLNRYRQ.DONDEODJHUXQJHQVWDUNHLQ.RPPWWURW]
GHU:DUWXQJVXQG5HLQLJXQJVHLQJULIIHQDFKHLQHUJHZLVVHU=HLW]X%HWULHEVVW|UXQJHQLPIROJHYRQ
GHPKlX¿JHQ*HEUDXFKYRQKDUWHPXQGNDONKDOWLJHQ:DVVHUVRNDQQPDQGDV*HUlWHQWNDONHQ
XPGLH%HWULHEVVW|UXQJ]XEHVHLWLJHQ'DIUVSH]L¿VFKHVLFKLP+DQGHOEH¿QGOLFKHQ(QWNDONXQJV-
PLWWHOQ]%=LWUXVVlXUHYHUZHQGHQ
AUSSERBETRIEBSETZUNG
:HQQGDV*HUlWDXHU%HWULHEJHVHW]WZLUGELWWHHVYRQGHP6WURPQHW]WUHQQHQ'DV6WURPNDEHO
DEVFKQHLGHQ
,P)DOOHGHU9HUVFKURWWXQJVLQGGLHXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQIUGLH+HUVWHOOXQJGHV*HUlWHVYHUZHQGHWHQ
6WRIIHQ]XWUHQQHQXQGHQWVSUHFKHQGLKUHU=XVDPPHQVWHOOXQJXQGGHULQGHU9HUZHQGXQJVODQG
JHOWHQGHQ1RUPHQ]XHQWVRUJHQ
WAS TUN, WENN ES PROBLEME GIBT
Achtung!
51
DE
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A PROPÓSITO DE ESTE MANUAL
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HVWDVDGYHUWHQFLDV\XWLOLFHQHODSDUDWRVyORSDUDHOXVRDOTXHKDVLGRGHVWLQDGRSDUDHYLWDUDF-
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HVWHDSDUDWRDRWUDVSHUVRQDVUHFXHUGHQLQFOXLUWDPELpQHVWDVLQVWUXFFLRQHV
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GDxRVPDWHULDOHVJUDYHV
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USO PREVISTO
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OHFKH1RFDOLHQWHQLQJ~QRWURWLSRGHOtTXLGRQLDOLPHQWRVVyOLGRV
(VWHDSDUDWRKDVLGRSUR\HFWDGRVRORSDUDXQXVRSULYDGR\SRUORWDQWRVHGHEH
FRQVLGHUDULQDGHFXDGRSDUDXVRFRPHUFLDORLQGXVWULDO
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DPELHQWHVSURIHVLRQDOHV
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PHGHFXDOTXLHUUHVSRQVDELOLGDGSRUGDxRVGHWRGRWLSRFDXVDGRVSRUXQXVR
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TXHVHH[LPHGHFXDOTXLHUUHVSRQVDELOLGDGSRUGDxRVGHWRGRWLSRFDXVDGRV
SRUXQXVRLPSURSLRGHODSDUDWR(OXVRLQDSURSLDGRDGHPiVDQXODWRGRWLSRGH
JDUDQWtD
RIESGOS RESTANTES
/DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHFRQVWUXFFLyQGHODSDUDWRREMHWRGHHVWDSXEOLFDFLyQQRSHUPLWHQSURWHJHU
DOXVXDULRGHODVVXSHU¿FLHVFDOLHQWHVGHODSDUDWR
Advertencia - Riesgo de quemaduras
3HOLJURGHFRQWDFWRFRQODVVXSHU¿FLHVFDOLHQWHV6XMHWHODPRNDHOpFWULFD\HOFDSXFKLQDGRU
KHUYLGRUSRUHODVD
54
ES
3HOLJURGHTXHPDGXUDVFDXVDGDVSRUVDOSLFDGXUDVGHDJXDFDOLHQWH\YDSRUTXHSXHGHQ
VDOLUSRUORVRUL¿FLRVGHHURJDFLyQGHODPRNDHOpFWULFD1RDEUDODWDSDGXUDQWHODHURJDFLyQ
GHOFDIp
5LHVJRGHVDOSLFDGXUDVGHOHFKHKLUYLHQGR1RDEUDODWDSDGHOFDSXFKLQDGRUPLHQWUDVTXH
ODOHFKHHVWiKLUYLHQGR
Atención - Riesgo de daños materiales
8WLOLFHODPRNDHOpFWULFD\HOFDSXFKLQDGRUKHUYLGRUVyORFRQODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQHQ
GRWDFLyQ1RXWLOLFHODPRNDHOpFWULFD\HOFDSXFKLQDGRUKHUYLGRUVREUHKRUQLOORVRVREUH
SODQRVGHFRFFLyQHQFHQGLGRV
ADVERTENCIAS IMPORTANTES PARA LA SEGURIDAD
LEER ATENTAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES.
6HUHFRPLHQGDFRQVHUYDUHOHPEDODMHRULJLQDO\DTXHODDVLVWHQFLDJUDWXLWDQR
FRQFLHUQHORVGDxRVFDXVDGRVSRUXQHPEDODMHQRDGHFXDGRGHOSURGXFWRDO
PRPHQWRGHOHQYtRDXQ&HQWURGH$VLVWHQFLD$XWRUL]DGR
(ODSDUDWRFXPSOHFRQHOUHJODPHQWR(&1GHOUHODWLYR
DORVPDWHULDOHVHQFRQWDFWRFRQDOLPHQWRV
Peligro para los niños
/RVQLxRVPD\RUHVGHDxRVSXHGHQXWLOL]DUHODSDUDWREDMRODVXSHUYLVLyQGH
XQDSHUVRQDUHVSRQVDEOHRVLKDQVLGRLQVWUXLGRVVREUHHOXVRGHODSDUDWRHQ
VHJXULGDG\VLKDQFRPSUHQGLGRORVSHOLJURVSUHVHQWHVGXUDQWHHOXVR
/DVRSHUDFLRQHVGHOLPSLH]D\PDQWHQLPLHQWRSRUHOXVXDULR QRGHEHQVHUHIHF-
WXDGDVSRUORVQLxRVDPHQRVTXHVHDQPD\RUHVGHDxRV\HVWpQYLJLODGRV(V
QHFHVDULRYLJLODUDORVQLxRVSDUDTXHQRMXHJXHQFRQHODSDUDWR
0DQWHQHUHODSDUDWR\HOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQIXHUDGHODOFDQFHGHORVQLxRV
GHHGDGLQIHULRUDDxRV
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SRGUtDQRULJLQDUSHOLJURV
6LVHGHFLGHGHMDUGHXWLOL]DUHODSDUDWRDQWHVGHWLUDUORDODEDVXUDVHUHFRPLHQ-
GDFRUWDUHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ6HUHFRPLHQGDDGHPiVHOLPLQDUODVSDUWHV
GHODSDUDWRTXHSXHGDQRULJLQDUSHOLJURHVSHFLDOPHQWHSDUDORVQLxRVTXHSR-
GUtDQXWLOL]DUORSDUDVXVMXHJRV
Peligro debido a electricidad
(ODSDUDWRSXHGHVHUXWLOL]DGRSRUSHUVRQDVFRQFDSDFLGDGHVItVLFDVVHQVRULD-
OHVRPHQWDOHVUHGXFLGDVRFRQIDOWDGHH[SHULHQFLDRGHFRQRFLPLHQWRVyOR
EDMRODVXSHUYLVLyQGHXQDSHUVRQDUHVSRQVDEOHRVLKDQUHFLELGR\FRPSUHQGLGR
ODVLQVWUXFFLRQHVVREUHHOXVRGHODSDUDWRHQVHJXULGDG\VLKDQFRPSUHQGLGRORV
SHOLJURVSUHVHQWHVGXUDQWHHOXVR
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LQGLFDGDHQODHWLTXHWDFRORFDGDGHEDMRGHODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQFRUUHVSRQGD
55
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DODWHQVLyQGHODUHGORFDO$QWHVGHFRQHFWDUHODSDUDWRDODUHGGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
FRQWUROHQTXHODWHQVLyQLQGLFDGDHQODHWLTXHWDFRORFDGDGHEDMRGHODEDVHGH
DOLPHQWDFLyQFRUUHVSRQGDDODWHQVLyQGHODUHGORFDO
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GDxRV\DFFLGHQWHV
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RSRUVXVHUYLFLRGH$VLVWHQFLD7pFQLFDRHQFXDOTXLHUFDVRSRUSHUVRQDOFXDOL¿-
FDGRFRQHO¿QGHSUHYHQLUFXDOTXLHUULHVJR
1RFRORTXHQXQFDODVSDUWHVEDMRWHQVLyQHQFRQWDFWRFRQHODJXD£SXHGHSUR-
YRFDUXQFRUWRFLUFXLWR
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QLPLHQWR
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Peligro de daños debidos a otras causas
(OLMDXQDPELHQWHFRQVX¿FLHQWHLOXPLQDFLyQOLPSLR\FRQXQDWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
IiFLOPHQWHDFFHVLEOH
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DYHUtDVRGHSUHVXQWRVGHIHFWRVGHVSXpVGHXQDFDtGDRVLSLHUGHDJXD1R
SRQJDQXQFDHQIXQFLRQDPLHQWRHODSDUDWRGHIHFWXRVR
7RGDVODV UHSDUDFLRQHVLQFOXVR ODVXVWLWXFLyQGHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ GH-
EHQVHUHIHFWXDGDV~QLFDPHQWHSRUHO&HQWURGH$VLVWHQFLD$XWRUL]DGRRSRU
XQDSHUVRQDFRQFDOL¿FDFLyQVLPLODUSDUDSUHYHQLUFXDOTXLHU ULHVJR(QFDVR
FRQWUDULRVHLQYDOLGDODJDUDQWtD6HGHFOLQDFXDOTXLHUUHVSRQVDELOLGDGGHELGDD
HYHQWXDOHVGDxRVSURYRFDGRVSRULQWHUYHQFLRQHVGHUHSDUDFLyQQRUHDOL]DGDV
FRUUHFWDPHQWH
Advertencia relativa a quemaduras
1RWRTXHODVSDUWHVPHWiOLFDVGHODSDUDWRPLHQWUDVHVWiHQIXQFLRQDPLHQWR\
HQORVPLQXWRVVLJXLHQWHVDODSDJDGR1RWRTXHODVVXSHU¿FLHVFDOLHQWHV8WLOLFH
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VyORFXDQGRHOSURFHVRGHFDOHQWDPLHQWRKDWHUPLQDGR\HODSDUDWRHVWiDSDJDGR
6XMHWHODPRNDHOpFWULFD\HOFDSXFKLQDGRUKHUYLGRUSRUVXDVD
$QWHVGHOLPSLDUORGHMDUHQIULDUHODSDUDWR
Atención – daños materiales
&RORFDUHODSDUDWRHQXQDVXSHU¿FLHSODQDHVWDEOHGRQGHQRVHSXHGDYROFDU
1RFRORTXHHODSDUDWRVREUHVXSHU¿FLHVFDOLHQWHVRFHUFDGHOODPDVSDUDHYLWDU
GDxRVDODSDUWHH[WHULRU
56
ES
8WLOLFHH[FOXVLYDPHQWHODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQHQGRWDFLyQPDQWHQJDODEDVH
OLPSLD\VHFD
(OFDEOHQRGHEHWRFDUODVSDUWHVFDOLHQWHVGHODSDUDWR
1RXWLOL]DUDJXDFRQJDVDGLFLRQDGDGHDQKtGULGRFDUEyQLFR
1RXVHHODSDUDWRHQXQHVSDFLRDODLUHOLEUH
1RGHMHQXQFDHODSDUDWRH[SXHVWRDORVDJHQWHVDWPRVIpULFRVOOXYLDVROHWF
3DUDODFRUUHFWDHOLPLQDFLyQGHOSURGXFWRVHJ~QOD'LUHFWLYD(XURSHD
(8VHUXHJDOHHUHOFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHGRFXPHQWRDQH[RDOSURGXFWR
GUARDAR SIEMPRE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES.
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL APARATO
(ODSDUDWRFRQVLVWHHQXQDEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQHQXQDPRNDHOpFWULFD\HQXQFDSXFKLQDGRU
KHUYLGRU
$%RWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHOFDIp
%%RWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHOFDSSXFFLQR
&%RWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHODJXD
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Componentes de la moka eléctrica
(&DOGHUD
)9iOYXODGHVHJXULGDG
*)LOWURHPEXGRGHFXDWURWD]DV
+'LVFRDGDSWDGRUSDUDGRVWD]DV
, -XQWD
- )LOWURGHGLVFR
K - Jarra
/ 2UL¿FLRVGHHURJDFLyQ
07DSD
10DQJR
Componentes del capuchinador/hervidor
27DSD
P - Elemento sin espiral
4(OHPHQWRFRQHVSLUDO
R - recipiente
S - Mango
7,QGLFDGRUGHQLYHO
0$;SDUDHOPRQWDGRUGHOHFKHVLQHVSLUDO
0$;SDUDHOPRQWDGRUGHOHFKHFRQHVSLUDO
U - Soporte para los elementos
57
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'DWRVGHLGHQWLÀFDFLyQ
(QODHWLTXHWDVLWXDGDGHEDMRGHODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQVHHQFXHQWUDQORVVLJXLHQWHVGDWRVGH
LGHQWL¿FDFLyQGHODSDUDWR
FRQVWUXFWRU\PDUFD&(
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SRWHQFLDHOpFWULFDDEVRUELGD:
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FASES PRELIMINARES DE USO
Puesta en función
Controle que la tensión de la red doméstica sea igual que la indicada en la tarjeta con los
datos técnicos del aparato.
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/DYHODVSLH]DVFRPRVHLQGLFDHQHOSiUUDIR©/LPSLH]DGHODSDUDWRª
&RORTXHHODSDUDWRGHPDQHUDTXHORVQLxRVQRSXHGDQOOHJDUDODVSDUWHVFDOLHQWHV&RORTXH
ODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQVREUHXQDVXSHU¿FLHSODQDOHMRVGHJULIRV\IUHJDGHURV
COMO HACER EL CAFÉ
Peligro - Riesgo de electrocución
(OOOHQDGRGHODFDOGHUDVHUHDOL]DUiFRQODFDOGHUDVHSDUDGDGHODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
Atención - Riesgo de daños materiales
1RXWLOLFHODPRNDHOpFWULFDVLQDJXD
7HQJDPXFKRFXLGDGRGHTXHHODJXDQRPRMHODSDUWHH[WHULRUGHODFDOGHUD(YLWHLQ¿OWUD-
FLRQHVGHDJXDDOLQWHULRUGHODVSLH]DVHOpFWULFDV
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FRQWUDULRSRGUtDQSURYRFDUJUDYHVGDxRVDODSDUDWR1RXWLOLFHODPRNDHOpFWULFDFRQFDIp
GHPDOWD
La primera vez que se enciende el aparato, o después de un periodo de inactividad, se re-
comienda dejar salir por lo menos un café. Lave y seque la jarra y todos los accesorios. No
lave la caldera o la base de alimentación.
$VHJ~UHVHGHTXHODPRNDHOpFWULFDHVWiIUtD
6DTXHODPRNDHOpFWULFDGHODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
6XMHWHODFDOGHUD(FRQXQDPDQR\FRQODRWUDGHVHQURVTXHODMDUUD.HQVHQWLGRDQWLKR-
UDULR
5HWLUHHO¿OWURHPEXGR*
/OHQHODFDOGHUDFRQDJXDKDVWDOOHJDUDODYiOYXODGHVHJXULGDG)YLVLEOHGHVGHHOLQWHULRUGH
58
ES
ODFDOGHUD)LJ1RVREUHSDVHHOQLYHOGHODYiOYXODGHVHJXULGDG
,QWURGX]FDHO¿OWURHPEXGRHQODFDOGHUD
/OHQHHO¿OWURHPEXGRGHFDIpPROLGRVLQSUHVLRQDUOR/OpQHORSRFRDSRFRSDUDHYLWDUHOGHV-
ERUGDPLHQWRGHOFDIpPROLGR'LVWULEX\DHOFDIpXQLIRUPHPHQWH\HOLPLQHFXDOTXLHUH[FHVRGH
SROYRGHOERUGHGHO¿OWUR
Utilice café molido de buena calidad, de molido mediano y especial para Moka.
6LVHLQWURGXFHXQDFDQWLGDGH[FHVLYDGHFDIpPROLGRHQHOÀOWURHPEXGR*SXHGHVHU
GLItFLODSUHWDUELHQODFDOGHUD(DODMDUUD.'XUDQWHODHURJDFLyQGHOFDIpSXHGHTXHKD\D
pérdidas de la caldera. El café podría no salir correctamente.
Advertencia - Riesgo de quemaduras
$SULHWHELHQODFDOGHUDDODMDUUDDXQTXHVLQH[DJHUDU1RKDJDSUHVLyQVREUHHOPDQJR
&XDQGRHODSDUDWRHVWiHQIXQFLRQDPLHQWRODWDSDGHEHSHUPDQHFHUFHUUDGD
&RORTXHODPRNDHOpFWULFDHQODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ'&LHUUHODWDSD
(QFKXIHODFODYLMDHQODWRPDGHFRUULHQWHHOpFWULFDTXHGHEHHVWDUHTXLSDGDFRQSXHVWDD
WLHUUD
3UHVLRQHHOERWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHOFDIp$(ODSDUDWRVHHQFLHQGH(OERWyQVHLOXPLQDUi
HQURMR
$OFDERGHXQRVPLQXWRVHOFDIpHPSLH]DDVDOLU(VSHUHKDVWDTXHHOFDIpKD\DWHUPLQDGRGH
VDOLU/DOX]GHOERWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHOFDIp$HPSLH]DDSDUSDGHDU8WLOLFHXQDFXFKDULWDSDUD
PH]FODUHOFDIp\XQLIRUPDUODWH[WXUD\ODWHPSHUDWXUD
9LHUWDHOFDIpHQODVWD]DV
Espere hasta que la moka eléctrica se haya enfriado antes de desenroscar la caldera para
hacer otro café. Como alternativa utilice guantes o paños para evitar el riesgo de quema-
duras.
Atención - Riesgo de daños materiales
1RGHMHODPRNDHOpFWULFDDXQDWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWHLQIHULRUD&SRUTXHHOUHVLGXRGH
DJXDHQODFDOGHUDSRGUtDKHODUVH\SURYRFDUGDxRV
Café para dos tazas
/OHQHPLWDGGHODFDOGHUD(FRQDJXD)LJSHUPDQHFLHQGRSRUGHEDMRGHODYiOYXODGH
VHJXULGDG)
&RORTXHHO¿OWURHPEXGR*SDUDFXDWURWD]DVDOLQWHULRUGHODFDOGHUD
3DUDSUHSDUDUGRVWD]DVGHFDIpLQWURGX]FDHOGLVFRDGDSWDGRU+GHQWURGHO¿OWURHPEXGRGH
FXDWURWD]DV)LJ
3URFHGDFRPRVHGHVFULEHHQHOSiUUDIR&yPRKDFHUHOFDIp
8QDIDOWDGHHURJDFLyQGHOFDIpSRGUtDGHEHUVHDXQDREVWUXFFLyQGHOÀOWUR,QWHUUXPSDOD
erogación y espere a que el aparato se haya enfriado. Realizar luego la limpieza del mismo
como indicado en el párrafo correspondiente.
Función «Mantener caliente»
6LGHMDODPRNDHOpFWULFDHQODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQFRPLHQ]DODIDVH©0DQWHQHUFDOLHQWHª(VWD
PDQWHQGUiHOFDIpFDOLHQWH/DIXQFLyQ©0DQWHQHUFDOLHQWHªSHUPDQHFHDFWLYDGXUDQWHPLQXWRV
59
ES
CÓMO UTILIZAR EL CAPUCHINADOR/HERVIDOR
Peligro - Riesgo de electrocución
/DVRSHUDFLRQHVGHOOHQDGR\GHYDFLDGRGHOUHFLSLHQWHVHGHEHQUHDOL]DUFRQHOUHFLSLHQWH
VHSDUDGRGHODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
2EVHUYHORVQLYHOHVLQGLFDGRV0,10$;DOLQWHULRUGHOUHFLSLHQWH(OVRSRUWHHQHOIRQGR
GHOUHFLSLHQWHGHEHGHHVWDUVLHPSUHFXELHUWRSRUOHFKHRDJXD6LQRKD\XQDFDQWLGDG
VX¿FLHQWHGHDJXDROHFKHHODSDUDWRSXHGHVREUHFDOHQWDUVH6LVHOOHQDHODSDUDWRPiV
DOOiGHORVQLYHOHVLQGLFDGRVVHSXHGHQFDXVDUGHUUDPHVGHOHFKHRDJXDGXUDQWHODIDVH
GHFDOHQWDPLHQWR
Atención - Riesgo de daños materiales
1RXWLOLFHHODSDUDWRVLQOHFKHRDJXD
/OHQHHOUHFLSLHQWHGHOFDSXFKLQDGRUKHUYLGRUVyORFRQOHFKHIUtDRDJXDIUtDGHOJULIR
1RKDJDIXQFLRQDUHOFDSXFKLQDGRUKHUYLGRUVHFRVLQOHFKHRDJXD
1ROOHQHQXQFDHOUHFLSLHQWHFRQOHFKHFDOLHQWHRDJXDFDOLHQWH
La primera vez que se pone en marcha el aparato haga hervir el agua. Vacíe y enjuague el
recipiente. Repita la operación dos o tres veces.
Durante el primer calentamiento podría notarse un olor ligero: no hay que preocuparse, es
perfectamente normal ya que algunas partes han sido ligeramente engrasadas, después de
poco tiempo el fenómeno desaparece.
La moka eléctrica y el montaleche/hervidor pueden funcionar simultáneamente
PARA MONTAR LA LECHE
Elegir el elemento
3DUDREWHQHUPXFKDHVSXPDXWLOLFHHOPRQWDGRUFRQHVSLUDO
3DUDREWHQHUSRFDHVSXPDRPRQWDUOLJHUDPHQWHSHTXHxDVFDQWLGDGHVXWLOLFHHO
HOHPHQWRVLQHVSLUDO
3DUDHYLWDUTXHVHSLHUGDQJXDUGHORVLQVHUWRVHQHOUHODWLYRDORMDPLHQWRVLWXDGRHQODSDUWHLQIH-
ULRUGHODEDVH)LJ
Verter la leche
4XLWHODWDSDGHOFRQWHQHGRU
,QWURGX]FDHOHOHPHQWRDSURSLDGRHQHOVRSRUWHHQODSDUWHLQIHULRUGHOUHFLSLHQWH
9LHUWDODOHFKHKDVWDHOQLYHOPi[LPRHYLGHQFLDGRSRUODOtQHDFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDODPDUFD0$;
0$;SDUDHOPRQWDGRUGHOHFKHFRQHVSLUDO
0$;SDUDHOPRQWDGRUGHOHFKHVLQHVSLUDO
)LMHELHQODWDSDVREUHHOFRQWHQHGRU
60
ES
Montar y calentar la leche
&RORTXHHOFDSXFKLQDGRUKHUYLGRUHQODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
(QFKXIHODFODYLMDHQODWRPDGHFRUULHQWHHOpFWULFDTXHGHEHHVWDUHTXLSDGDFRQSXHVWDD
WLHUUD
3UHVLRQHHOERWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHOFDSXFKLQR%XQDYH](ODSDUDWRVHHQFLHQGH(OERWyQ
VHLOXPLQDUiHQURMR
(ODSDUDWRHPSLH]DDFDOHQWDUODOHFKH\DPRQWDUOD
6LVHXWLOL]DHOHOHPHQWRFRQHVSLUDOHOSURFHVRGHIRUPDFLyQGHHVSXPDGXUDUiDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
PLQXWRV
6LVHXWLOL]DHOHOHPHQWRVLQHVSLUDOHOSURFHVRGHIRUPDFLyQGHHVSXPDGXUDUiDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
PLQXWRV
(OSURFHVRGHFDOHQWDPLHQWR\IRUPDFLyQGHHVSXPDVHSDUDOXHJRDXWRPiWLFDPHQWH
/DOX]GHO
ERWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHOFDSXFKLQR%HPSLH]DDSDUSDGHDU
Advertencia - Riesgo de quemaduras
1RDEUDODWDSDGHOFDSXFKLQDGRUPLHQWUDVODOHFKHHVWiKLUYLHQGR5LHVJRGHVDOSLFDGXUDV
GHOHFKHKLUYLHQGR
$VHJ~UHVHGHTXHHODSDUDWRHVWiDSDJDGRDQWHVGHOHYDQWDUORGHODEDVH
/HYDQWHHOFDSXFKLQDGRUKHUYLGRUSRUVXDVD5HWLUHHOUHFLSLHQWHGHODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
9LHUWDODOHFKHHQODWD]D
Después de usar el aparato, limpie inmediatamente el recipiente y el elemento para evitar
que la leche se seque en el interior.
Montar la leche en frío
7DPELpQHVSRVLEOHPRQWDUODOHFKHVLQFDOHQWDUOD3DUDREWHQHUXQDHVSXPDEODQGD\FUHPRVD
XWLOLFHH[FOXVLYDPHQWHHOPRQWDGRUGHOHFKHFRQHVSLUDO
3UHVLRQHHOERWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHOFDSXFKLQRE\PDQWpQJDORSUHVLRQDGRGXUDQWHVH-
JXQGRVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHKDVWDTXHHODSDUDWRHPSLHFHDPRQWDUODOHFKH(ODSDUDWRVH
HQFLHQGH(OERWyQVHLOXPLQDUiHQD]XO
$OFDERGHPLQXWRVHOSURFHVRGHIRUPDFLyQGHHVSXPDVHSDUDDXWRPiWLFDPHQWH/DOX]
GHOERWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHOFDSXFKLQR%HPSLH]DDSDUSDGHDU
Interrumpir o terminar anticipadamente el calentamiento y la formación
de espuma de la leche
3UHVLRQHHOERWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHOFDSXFKLQR%(OWHVWLJROXPLQRVRVHDSDJD
3DUDFRQWLQXDUDFDOHQWDU\HVSXPDUSUHVLRQDURWUDYH]HOERWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHOFDSXFKLQR
EUHYHPHQWHVLGHVHDFDOHQWDU\PRQWDU
GXUDQWHXQRVVHJXQGRVVLGHVHDPRQWDUVLQFDOHQWDU
PARA CALENTAR EL AGUA
/RVGRVLQVHUWRVSDUDPRQWDUODOHFKHQRVHGHEHQXWLOL]DUFXDQGRVHFDOLHQWDHODJXD4XLWHHO
LQVHUWR3R4GHOKHUYLGRU
/OHQHHOGHSyVLWRFRQDJXDGHOJULIRIUtDKDVWDHOQLYHOGHVHDGR
No superar el nivel indicado con MAX.
)LMHELHQODWDSDVREUHHOFRQWHQHGRU
61
ES
&RORTXHHOFDSXFKLQDGRUKHUYLGRUHQODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
(QFKXIHODFODYLMDHQODWRPDGHFRUULHQWHHOpFWULFDTXHGHEHHVWDUHTXLSDGDFRQSXHVWDDWLHUUD
Para hervir el agua
3UHVLRQHHOERWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHODJXD&XQDYH](ODSDUDWRVHHQFLHQGH(OERWyQVH
LOXPLQDUiHQURMR
Para calentar el agua a 80° C
3UHVLRQHHOERWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHODJXD&\PDQWpQJDORSUHVLRQDGRGXUDQWHVHJXQGRV
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHKDVWDTXHHODSDUDWRHPSLHFHDFDOHQWDUHODJXD(ODSDUDWRVHHQFLHQGH
(OERWyQVHLOXPLQDUiHQDPDULOOR
&XDQGRHODJXDDOFDQ]DODWHPSHUDWXUDFRUUHFWDODIXQFLyQGHFDOHQWDPLHQWRVHGHWLHQHDXWRPiWL-
FDPHQWH/DOX]GHOERWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHODJXD&HPSLH]DDSDUSDGHDU
Advertencia - Riesgo de quemaduras
1RDEUDODWDSDPLHQWUDVTXHHODJXDHVWiKLUYLHQGR3HOLJURGHVDOSLFDGXUDVGHDJXDKLU-
YLHQGR
$VHJ~UHVHGHTXHHODSDUDWRHVWiDSDJDGRDQWHVGHOHYDQWDUORGHODEDVH
/HYDQWHHOFDSXFKLQDGRUKHUYLGRUSRUVXDVD5HWLUHHOUHFLSLHQWHGHODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
9LHUWDHODJXDHQODVWD]DV
'HVSXpVGHFDGDXVRYDFtHHODJXDTXHTXHGDHQHOUHFLSLHQWH
3DUDYROYHUDKHUYLUDJXDHVSHUHXQRVVHJXQGRVSDUDSHUPLWLUDOGLVSRVLWLYRGHHQFHQGLGRGH
UHVWDEOHFHUVH
La presencia de gotitas de agua debajo del recipiente es totalmente normal: sólo se trata de
agua de condensación.
CÓMO APAGAR EL APARATO
6LQRKDSUHVLRQDGRQLQJ~QERWyQ\WRGDVODVOXFHVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRHVWiQDSDJDGDVHODSDUDWR
HVWiDSDJDGR'HVFRQHFWDUVLHPSUHHOHQFKXIHGHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQGHODWRPDGHODFRUULHQ-
WH
Protección contra el sobrecalentamiento
6LVHXWLOL]DHODSDUDWRYDFtRVLQOHFKHRVLQDJXDDOFDERGHXQRVVHJXQGRVHOPLVPRVH
DSDJDDXWRPiWLFDPHQWHSDUDSURWHJHUVHFRQWUDHOVREUHFDOHQWDPLHQWR3DUDYROYHUDKHUYLUDJXD
HVSHUHXQRVVHJXQGRVSDUDSHUPLWLUDOGLVSRVLWLYRGHHQFHQGLGRGHUHVWDEOHFHUVH
LIMPIEZA DEL APARATO
Peligro - Riesgo de electrocución
7RGDVODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHOLPSLH]DLQGLFDGDVDFRQWLQXDFLyQVHGHEHQHIHFWXDUFRQHODSD-
UDWRDSDJDGR\FRQODFODYLMDGHVHQFKXIDGDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
Atención - Riesgo de daños materiales
8QEXHQPDQWHQLPLHQWR\XQDOLPSLH]DDLQWHUYDORVUHJXODUHVSURWHJHQ\PDQWLHQHQH¿FLHQWH
HODSDUDWRSRUXQSHULRGRPiVODUJROLPLWDQGRFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHORVULHVJRVGHIRUPDFLyQ
GHORVGHSyVLWRVGHFDOHQHODSDUDWR
1RODYHQQXQFDORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHODSDUDWRHQHOODYDSODWRV1RXWLOLFHFKRUURVGHDJXDGLUHFWD
62
ES
1XQFDSRQJDODFDOGHUDGHODPRNDHOpFWULFDHOUHFLSLHQWHGHOFDSXFKLQDGRURODEDVHGH
DOLPHQWDFLyQHQFRQWDFWRFRQDJXD1RKD\TXHH[SRQHUORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHODSDUDWRDOD
KXPHGDG/DVSDUWHVHOpFWULFDVVHGHEHQSURWHJHUWDPELpQGHVDOSLFDGXUDVRJRWDVGHDJXD
3DUDODOLPSLH]DQRKD\TXHXWLOL]DUQLQJ~QGHWHUJHQWHTXtPLFRDEUDVLYRQLDJUHVLYR
Advertencia - Riesgo de quemaduras
7RGDVODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHOLPSLH]DGHEHQUHDOL]DUVHFXDQGRVHKD\DQHQIULDGRODVSDUWHV
FDOLHQWHVGHODSDUDWR
Limpieza de la base de alimentación
/DEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQVHGHEHOLPSLDUFRQXQSDxRK~PHGR1RXWLOLFHGHWHUJHQWHVDEUDVLYRVR
XWHQVLOLRVPHWiOLFRV
Limpieza de la moka eléctrica
/DFDOGHUDVHSXHGHOLPSLDUFRQXQSDxRK~PHGR1RXWLOLFHGHWHUJHQWHVDEUDVLYRVRXWHQVLOLRV
PHWiOLFRV
$OTXLWDUODMXQWD,\HO¿OWURGHGLVFR-SDUDODOLPSLH]DRHOUHHPSOD]RDVHJ~UHVHGHYROYHUORVD
PRQWDUFRUUHFWDPHQWHSDUDHYLWDUSUR\HFFLRQHVRVDOSLFDGXUDVGHDJXDFDOLHQWH
$VHJ~UHVHGHTXHORVDJXMHURVGHO¿OWURGHGLVFRQRHVWpQREVWUXLGR\VLHVDVtOtPSLHORVFRQXQ
FHSLOOR)LJ
&XDQGRODMXQWD\HO¿OWURGHGLVFRSUHVHQWDQWUD]DVGHGHVJDVWHRGHGHWHULRURVHGHEHQUHHP-
SOD]DU8WLOLFHSLH]DVGHUHSXHVWRRULJLQDOHVTXHVHSXHGHQFRPSUDUHQORVFHQWURVGHVHUYLFLR
DXWRUL]DGRV
'HVFDOFLÀFDFLyQGHODFDOGHUD
3XHGHRFXUULUFRQHOWLHPSRTXHGHVSXpVGHPXFKRVFDIpVHQODSDUWHLQIHULRUGHODFDOGHUDVH
IRUPHXQDFDSDGHFDOHVWRSXHGHDODUJDUPXFKRHOWLHPSRGHSHUFRODFLyQ3DUDHYLWDUHVWHLQ-
FRQYHQLHQWHGHYH]HQFXDQGRVHGHEHHOLPLQDUHVWDFDSDGHFDOHIHFWXDQGRXQDGHVFDOFL¿FDFLyQ
8WLOLFHSURGXFWRVHVSHFt¿FRVSDUDODGHVFDOFL¿FDFLyQGLVSRQLEOHVHQORVFRPHUFLRVSRUHMHPSOR
iFLGRFtWULFR
3DUDHIHFWXDUODGHVFDOFL¿FDFLyQOOHYHDFDERORVSDVRVVLJXLHQWHV
$VHJ~UHVHGHTXHODFDIHWHUDHVWpIUtD\GHVHQUyVTXHOD
/OHQHODFDOGHUDFRQHOSURGXFWRGHVFDOFL¿FDQWH\HVSHUHPHGLDKRUD
$VHJ~UHVHGHKDEHUHIHFWXDGRFRPSOHWDPHQWHODOLPSLH]DLQWHUQDGHODFDOGHUD
La operación debe hacerse cuando la caldera está fría y no introducida en su base.
3DVDGDPHGLDKRUDYDFtHODFDOGHUD\DVHJ~UHVHGHTXHKDHOLPLQDGRODFDOGHOIRQGROXHJR
HQMXDJXHHOLQWHULRUGHODFDOGHUD1RVXPHUMDODFDOGHUDHQDJXD
+DJDSRUORPHQRVFDIpVSDUDWLUDU
/DJDUDQWtDQRFXEUHDYHUtDVGHELGDVDREVWUXFFLRQHVSRUFDOL]D
Limpieza del capuchinador/hervidor
Después de cada proceso de calentamiento y formación de espuma, limpie inmediatamente
el contenedor, para evitar que la leche se seque en su interior.
'HVFRQHFWHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
5HWLUHHOHOHPHQWRDFFHVRULRGHOUHFLSLHQWH
/DYHODWDSD2\ORVHOHPHQWRV43FRQDJXDFDOLHQWH\XQGHWHUJHQWHSDUDYDMLOOD
63
ES
/DYDUVyORODSDUWHLQWHUQDGHOFRQWHQHGRU5FRQDJXDFDOLHQWH\XQGHWHUJHQWHSDUDYDMLOOD
6HTXHDWHQWDPHQWHWRGDVODVSDUWHVVREUHWRGR HO FRQWHQHGRUSDUDHYLWDUODIRUPDFLyQGH
PDQFKDV
'HVFDOFLÀFDFLyQGHOHQYDVH
8QEXHQPDQWHQLPLHQWR\XQDOLPSLH]DDLQWHUYDORVUHJXODUHVSURWHJHQ\PDQWLHQHQH¿FLHQWHHO
DSDUDWRSRUXQSHULRGRPiVODUJROLPLWDQGRFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHORVULHVJRVGHIRUPDFLyQGHORV
GHSyVLWRVGHFDOHQHODSDUDWR6LDSHVDUGHHOORGHVSXpVGHDOJ~QWLHPSRHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
GHODSDUDWRHVWXYLHVHFRPSURPHWLGRFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHOHPSOHRIUHFXHQWHGHDJXDGXUD\
FRQPXFKDFDOVHSXHGHKDFHUXQWUDWDPLHQWRGHGHVFDOFL¿FDFLyQGHODSDUDWRSDUDHOLPLQDUHO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHIHFWXRVR8WLOLFHSURGXFWRVHVSHFt¿FRVSDUDODGHVFDOFL¿FDFLyQGLVSRQLEOHVHQ
ORVFRPHUFLRVSRUHMHPSORiFLGRFtWULFR
PUESTA FUERA DE SERVICIO
(QFDVRGHSXHVWDIXHUDGHVHUYLFLRGHODSDUDWRKD\TXHGHVFRQHFWDUORGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
&RUWHHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
(QFDVRGHGHVPDQWHODPLHQWRVHGHEHUiQVHSDUDUORVYDULRVPDWHULDOHVXWLOL]DGRVHQODFRQVWUXF-
FLyQGHODSDUDWR\SURYHHUDVXGLVSRVLFLyQVHJ~QVXFRPSRVLFLyQ\FRQIRUPHODVGLVSRVLFLRQHV
OHJDOHVYLJHQWHVHQHO3DtVGHXVR
64
ES
CÓMO SOL U CIONAR ALGUNOS PROBLEMAS
¡Atención!
(QFDVRGHDQRPDOtDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRDSDJXHHODSDUDWRLQPHGLDWDPHQWH'HVFRQHFWDU
HOHQFKXIHGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH(VSHUDUTXHHODSDUDWRHVWpIUtR&RPRDOWHUQDWLYDXWLOLFH
JXDQWHVRSDxRVSDUDHYLWDUHOULHVJRGHTXHPDGXUDV
Para la moka eléctrica
3UREOHPDV &DXVDV 5HPHGLRV
(OFDIpQRVDOH )DOWDGHDJXDHQODFDOGHUD 5HSLWDODRSHUDFLyQSRQLHQGRHQODFDOGHUDOD
FDQWLGDGFRUUHFWDGHDJXD
(OFDIpVHGHVERUGD
SRUORVERUGHVGHOD
FDOGHUD
3UREDEOHPHQWHVHKDSXHVWR
HQHO¿OWURHPEXGRXQD
FDQWLGDGH[FHVLYDGHFDIp
PROLGRTXHLPSHGtDDSUHWDU
ELHQODFDOGHUDDODMDUUD
5HSLWDODRSHUDFLyQSRQLHQGRHQHO¿OWURHPEXGROD
FDQWLGDGFRUUHFWDGHFDIp
(QODMXQWDVHKDQTXHGDGR
UHVLGXRVGHFDIp /LPSLHODMXQWDFRQXQSDOLOORRFRQXQDHVSRQMD
(O¿OWURGHGLVFR-WLHQHORV
RUL¿FLRVGHVDOLGDREVWUXLGRV
'HVFRQHFWHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH8VH
PDQRSODVRSDxRV'HVHQURVTXHODFDOGHUDGHOD
MDUUD/LPSLHFRQXQFHSLOORSHTXHxRRXQDO¿OHUORV
RUL¿FLRVREVWUXLGRVGHO¿OWURGHGLVFR)LJ
/DMXQWDHVWiTXHPDGDRURWD 5HHPSODFHODMXQWD
/DMDUUDQRVHHQURVFyELHQD
ODFDOGHUD (QURVFDUODMDUUDDODFDOGHUD¿UPHPHQWH1RKDJD
SUHVLyQVREUHHOPDQJR
/DHURJDFLyQGHOFDIp
QRVHSURGXFHRVH
SURGXFHGHPDVLDGR
OHQWDPHQWH
(O¿OWURGHGLVFR-WLHQHORV
RUL¿FLRVGHVDOLGDREVWUXLGRV
'HVFRQHFWHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH8VH
PDQRSODVRSDxRV'HVHQURVTXHODFDOGHUDGHOD
MDUUD/LPSLHFRQXQFHSLOORSHTXHxRRXQDO¿OHUORV
RUL¿FLRVREVWUXLGRVGHO¿OWURGHGLVFR)LJ
0H]FODGHFDIpPROLGR
GHPDVLDGR¿QD 3UREDUDXWLOL]DUPH]FODGHFDIpFRQXQDPROHGXUD
PiVJUXHVD
0H]FODGHFDIpGHPDVLDGR
SUHQVDGD 3RQJDPHQRVFDIpHQHO¿OWURHPEXGR
(QODSDUWHLQIHULRUGHOD
FDOGHUDVHKDIRUPDGRFDO (OLPLQHODFDOFRPRVHLQGLFDHQHOSiUUDIR
©/LPSLH]DGHODSDUDWRª
(OFDIpFRQWLHQH
PXFKDDJXD\HVWi
IUtR
(OFDIpKDVLGRPROLGR
GHPDVLDGRJUXHVR 3DUDREWHQHUXQFDIpPiVFRQFHQWUDGR\PiV
FDOLHQWHVHGHEHXVDUXQDPH]FODGHFDIpPROLGR
PiV¿QR
6HKDLQWURGXFLGRXQD
FDQWLGDGH[FHVLYDGHDJXD
5HSLWDODRSHUDFLyQSRQLHQGRHQODFDOGHUDOD
FDQWLGDGFRUUHFWDGHDJXD+DVWDODYiOYXODGH
VHJXULGDGVLVHXWLOL]DHO¿OWURHPEXGRGHFXDWUR
WD]DVGHFDIp'HEDMRGHODYiOYXODGHVHJXULGDGVL
VHXWLOL]DHOGLVFRDGDSWDGRUSDUDGRVWD]DVGHFDIp
)LJ
65
ES
Para el capuchinador/hervidor
3UREOHPDV &DXVDV 5HPHGLRV
(OSURFHVRGH
FDOHQWDPLHQWR\
IRUPDFLyQGHHVSXPD
VHSDUDDQWHVGHOR
TXHGHEHUtD
6HKDLQLFLDGRXQVHJXQGR
SURFHVRGHFDOHQWDPLHQWR
\IRUPDFLyQGHHVSXPD
FXDQGRHODSDUDWRD~Q
HVWDEDFDOLHQWH
(VSHUDUTXHHODSDUDWRHVWpIUtR
(OWHVWLJROXPLQRVR
VHLOXPLQDHQD]XO (ODSDUDWRHVWi
VREUHFDUJDGR 'HVFRQHFWHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
9LHUWDXQSRFRGHOHFKHGHOUHFLSLHQWH\YXHOYDD
SRQHUHQPDUFKDHODSDUDWR/DPDUFD0$;QR
GHEHVHUVXSHUDGD
La leche se ha
FDOHQWDGRSHURQR
VHKDSURGXFLGR
HVSXPD
(OHOHPHQWRQRHVWiDORMDGR
correctamente en el soporte
GHOIRQGRGHOUHFLSLHQWH
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Aviso - Risco de queimaduras
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67
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ADVERTÊNCIAS IMPORTANTES
LER CUIDADOSAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUÇÕES.
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Perigo para as crianças
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Perigo devido à electricidade
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Perigo de danos devidos a outras causas
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Aviso relativo a queimaduras
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PHQWRHQRVPLQXWRVDSyVRVHXGHVOLJDPHQWR1mRWRFDUDVVXSHUItFLHVTXHQ-
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Componentes da moka elétrica
(&DOGHLUD
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/ )XURVGHVDtGD
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Componentes do emulsionador de leite/fervedor
27DPSD
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S - Pega
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FASES PRELIMINARES PARA A SUA UTILIZAÇÃO
Accionamento
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técnicos do aparelho.
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WHV
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COMO PREPARAR O CAFÉ
Perigo - Risco de choque elétrico
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Atenção - Risco de danos materiais
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damos eliminar a quantidade de um café, no mínimo. Lavar e enxugar a jarra e todos os
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DQWLKRUiULR
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Utilizar pó de café de boa qualidade, de moagem média e confeccionado para café moka.
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Aviso - Risco de queimaduras
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4XDQGRRDSDUHOKRHVWLYHUHPIXQFLRQDPHQWRDWDPSDGHYHHVWDUIHFKDGD
3RVLFLRQDUDPRNDHOpWULFDQDEDVHGHDOLPHQWDomR')HFKHDWDPSD
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Aguardar que a moka elétrica esfrie antes de desparafusar a caldeira para fazer um novo
café. Como alternativa, utilizar luvas ou panos para evitar o perigo de queimaduras.
Atenção - Risco de danos materiais
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iJXDQDFDOGHLUDSRGHULDFRQJHODUHSURYRFDUGDQRV
Café para duas chávenas
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)
3RVLFLRQDUR¿OWURIXQLO*GHTXDWURFKiYHQDVGHQWURGDFDOGHLUD
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HVSHFtÀFR
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Função manter quente
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COMO USAR O EMULSIONADOR DE LEITE/FERVEDOR
Perigo - Risco de choque elétrico
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UHFLSLHQWHVHSDUDGRGDEDVHGHDOLPHQWDomR
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UDGHYHHVWDUVHPSUHFREHUWRFRPOHLWHRXiJXD(PFDVRSRXFDTXDQWLGDGHGHOHLWHRXiJXD
RDSDUHOKRSRGHUiVREUHDTXHFHUVH6HRDSDUHOKRIRUHQFKLGRDOpPGRVQtYHLVLQGLFDGRV
SRGHRFRUUHUVDtGDGROHLWHRXGDiJXDGXUDQWHDIDVHGHDTXHFLPHQWR
Atenção - Risco de danos materiais
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HQ[DJXDURUHFLSLHQWH5HSLWDDRSHUDomRGXDVRXWUrVYH]HV
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SUHRFXSHLVWRpSHUIHLWDPHQWHQRUPDOSRLVDOJXPDVSHoDVIRUDPOHYHPHQWHOXEULÀFDGDV
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Possibilidade de acionamento simultâneo de moka elétrica e emulsionador de leite/fervedor
PARA EMULSIONAR O LEITE
Escolher o acessório
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Deitar o leite
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*HEUXLNKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWGHZDWHUNRNHUQLHWRSEUDQGHQGHJDVIRUQXL]HQRI
LQJHVFKDNHOGHNRRNSODWHQ
BELANGRIJKE WAARSCHUWINGEN
LEES DEZE INSTRUCTIES AANDACHTIG DOOR.
+HWZRUGWDDQJHUDGHQGHRULJLQHOHYHUSDNNLQJWHEHZDUHQDDQJH]LHQJHHQJUD-
WLVDVVLVWHQWLHZRUGWYHUOHHQGDOVKHWSURGXFWGHIHFWUDDNWELMKHWYHUVWXUHQQDDU
HHQHUNHQG6HUYLFH&HQWUXPGRRUGDWKHWQLHWJRHGLVYHUSDNW
+HWDSSDUDDWYROGRHWDDQGH(*YHURUGHQLQJQUYDQ
EHWUHIIHQGHPDWHULDOHQGLHLQDDQUDNLQJNRPHQPHWOHYHQVPLGGHOHQ
Gevaar voor kinderen
+HWDSSDUDDWNDQZRUGHQJHEUXLNWGRRUNLQGHUHQGLHRXGHU]LMQGDQMDDUPDDU
XLWVOXLWHQGDOV]HGRRUHHQYHUDQWZRRUGHOLMNHSHUVRRQZRUGHQJHYROJGRIDOV]H
JRHGHLQVWUXFWLHVKHEEHQJHNUHJHQRYHUHHQYHLOLJJHEUXLNYDQKHWDSSDUDDWHQ
]HGHJHYDUHQELMKHWJHEUXLNHUYDQKHEEHQEHJUHSHQ
5HLQLJLQJVHQRQGHUKRXGVZHUN]DDPKHGHQGRRUGHJHEUXLNHUPRJHQQLHWGRRUNLQ-
GHUHQZRUGHQYHUULFKWWHQ]LM]HRXGHU]LMQGDQMDDUHQGLWRQGHUWRH]LFKWJHEHXUW
(UPRHWWRH]LFKWZRUGHQJHKRXGHQRSNLQGHUHQRPHUYRRUWH]RUJHQGDW]HQLHWPHW
KHWDSSDUDDWVSHOHQ
+RXGKHWDSSDUDDWHQGHVWURRPNDEHODOWLMGEXLWHQEHUHLNYDQNLQGHUHQMRQJHU
GDQMDDU
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HHQEURQYDQJHYDDUNXQQHQYRUPHQ
0RFKWXGLWDSSDUDDWZLOOHQZHJJRRLHQGDQEHYHOHQZLMDDQRPKHWRQEUXLNEDDU
WHPDNHQGRRUKHWVWURRPVQRHUGRRUWHVQLMGHQ9HUGHUEHYHOHQZLMDDQRPGH
GHOHQYDQKHWDSSDUDDWGLHJHYDDUNXQQHQRSOHYHUHQRQVFKDGHOLMNWHPDNHQ
PHWQDPHYRRUNLQGHUHQGLHKHWDSSDUDDWNXQQHQJHEUXLNHQRPHUPHHWHVSH-
OHQ
Gevaar als gevolg van elektriciteit
+HWDSSDUDDWNDQZRUGHQJHEUXLNWGRRUSHUVRQHQPHWEHSHUNWHOLFKDPHOLMNH]LQ-
WXLJOLMNHRIJHHVWHOLMNHYHUPRJHQVRISHUVRQHQ]RQGHUHUYDULQJHQNHQQLVPDDU
XLWVOXLWHQGDOV]HGRRUHHQYHUDQWZRRUGHOLMNHSHUVRRQZRUGHQJHYROJGRIDOV]H
JRHGHLQVWUXFWLHVRYHUHHQYHLOLJJHEUXLNYDQKHWDSSDUDDWKHEEHQJHNUHJHQHQ
GH]HHQGHJHYDUHQELMKHWJHEUXLNHUYDQKHEEHQEHJUHSHQ
9RRUGDWXKHWDSSDUDDWRSKHWHOHNWULFLWHLWVQHWDDQVOXLWFRQWUROHHUWXRIGHVSDQ-
81
NL
QLQJGLHRSKHWSODDWMHRQGHUKHWDSSDUDDWLVDDQJHJHYHQRYHUHHQNRPWPHWGLH
YDQKHWSODDWVHOLMNHHOHNWULFLWHLWVQHW
+HWJHEUXLNYDQQLHWGRRUGHIDEULNDQWYDQKHWDSSDUDDWJRHGJHNHXUGHYHUOHQJ-
VQRHUHQNDQVFKDGHHQRQJHOXNNHQYHURRU]DNHQ
+HWDSSDUDDWPDJQLHWYLDH[WHUQHWLMGVFKDNHODDUVRIDSDUWRSDIVWDQGEHGLHQGH
LQVWDOODWLHVZRUGHQJHYRHG
$OVGHVWURRPNDEHOEHVFKDGLJGLVPRHWKLMRPLHGHUULVLFRWHYRRUNRPHQZRU-
GHQYHUYDQJHQGRRUGHIDEULNDQWRIGRRUGLHQVVHUYLFHFHQWUXPRILQLHGHUJHYDO
GRRUHHQSHUVRRQPHWHHQYHUJHOLMNEDUHNZDOL¿FDWLH
=RUJGDWGHRQGHUGHOHQGLHRQGHUVSDQQLQJVWDDQQRRLWLQDDQUDNLQJNRPHQPHW
ZDWHUKLHUGRRUNDQNRUWVOXLWLQJRQWVWDDQ
7UHNGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFWDOYRUHQVKHWDSSDUDDWWHUHLQLJHQRIHURQGHU-
KRXGRSWHSOHJHQ
'RPSHOKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWLQZDWHURIDQGHUHYORHLVWRIIHQ
Risico op schade door andere oorzaken
.LHVHHQJRHGYHUOLFKWHHQVFKRQHUXLPWHPHWHHQPDNNHOLMNWHEHUHLNHQVWRS-
FRQWDFW
+HWDSSDUDDWPDJQLHWZRUGHQJHEUXLNWDOVKHWLVJHYDOOHQDOVHU]LFKWEDUHVFKD-
GHLVELMVWRULQJHQRIHHQPRJHOLMNGHIHFWQDHHQYDORIDOVKLMZDWHUOHNW6WHO
QRRLWHHQGHIHFWDSSDUDDWLQZHUNLQJ
$OOHUHSDUDWLHVZDDURQGHURRNGHYHUYDQJLQJYDQKHWVWURRPVQRHUGLHQHQXLW-
VOXLWHQGWHZRUGHQXLWJHYRHUGGRRUHHQHUNHQG6HUYLFH&HQWUXPRIGRRUHHQ
GDDUWRHJHNZDOL¿FHHUGSHUVRRQRPLHGHUULVLFRWHYHUPLMGHQ$QGHUVNRPWGH
JDUDQWLHWHJHYDOOHQ$OOHDDQVSUDNHOLMNKHLGYRRUHYHQWXHOHVFKDGHGLHKHWJH-
YROJLVYDQUHSDUDWLHVGLHRSGHYHUNHHUGHZLM]H]LMQXLWJHYRHUGZRUGWDIJHZH-
]HQ
Waarschuwing voor verbrandingsgevaar
.RPQLHWDDQGHPHWDOHQGHOHQYDQKHWDSSDUDDWDOVKHWZHUNWHQWLMGHQVGHHHU-
VWHPLQXWHQQDGDWKHWLVXLWJH]HW.RPQLHWDDQGHKHWHRSSHUYODNNHQ*HEUXLN
SDQQHQODSSHQRIWKHHGRHNHQ
1HHPKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWGHZDWHUNRNHUDOOHHQYDQGHYRHWDOVGH
YHUZDUPLQJVSURFHGXUHLVYROWRRLGHQKHWDSSDUDDWXLWVWDDW
7LOKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWHQGHPHONRSVFKXLPHUZDWHUNRNHUDDQKHW
KLHUYRRUEHVWHPGHKDQGYDWRS
9RRUGDWXKHWDSSDUDDWVFKRRQPDDNWODDWXKHWDINRHOHQ
Let op – schade aan materialen
=HWKHWDSSDUDDWRSHHQVWDELHOHRQGHUJURQGZDDUKHWQLHWNDQRPYDOOHQ
=HWKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWRSKHWHRSSHUYODNNHQRILQGHEXXUWYDQRSHQYODPPHQRP
WHYRRUNRPHQGDWGHEHKXL]LQJEHVFKDGLJGUDDNW
82
NL
*HEUXLNXLWVOXLWHQGGH ELMJHOHYHUGH YRHGLQJVEDVLV KRXG GHEDVLVVFKRRQ HQ
GURRJ
'HNDEHOPDJQLHWWHJHQGHKHWHGHOHQYDQKHWDSSDUDDWNRPHQ
*HEUXLNJHHQNRRO]XXUKRXGHQGZDWHU
*HEUXLNKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWLQGHRSHQOXFKW
=RUJGDWKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWZRUGWEORRWJHVWHOGDDQZHHUVRPVWDQGLJKHGHQUHJHQ
]RQHQ]
9RRUKHWFRUUHFWYHUQLHWLJHQYDQKHWDSSDUDDWYROJHQVGH(XURSHVH5LFKWOLMQ
(8OHHVKHWVSHFLDOHEODDGMHGDWELMKHWSURGXFWZRUGWJHOHYHU
BEWAAR DEZE INSTRUCTIES ALTIJD.
BESCHRIJVING VAN HET APPARAAT
+HWDSSDUDDWEHVWDDWXLWHHQYRHWHHQHOHNWULVFKNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWHQHHQPHONRSVFKXLPHUZD-
WHUNRNHU
$.QRSRPNRI¿HWH]HWWHQ
%.QRSRPFDSSXFFLQRWHPDNHQ
&.QRSRPZDWHUWHNRNHQ
'9RHGLQJVEDVLV
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(6WRRPNHWHO
)9HLOLJKHLGVYHQWLHO
*)LOWHUYRRUYLHUNRSMHV
+6FKLMI¿OWHUYRRUWZHHNRSMHV
, 'LFKWLQJ
- 6FKLMI¿OWHU
..RI¿HNDQ
L - Afgifteopeningen
0'HNVHO
1+DQGJUHHS
Onderdelen van de melkopsc huimer/waterkoker
2'HNVHO
32SVFKXLPVWXN]RQGHUVSLUDDO
42SVFKXLPVWXNPHWVSLUDDO
50HONNDQ
6+DQGJUHHS
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0,1YRRUKHWRSVFKXLPVWXN]RQGHUVSLUDDO
0$;YRRUKHWRSVFKXLPVWXNPHWVSLUDDO
U - 6WHXQYRRURSVFKXLPVWXN
83
NL
,GHQWLÀFDWLHJHJHYHQV
2SKHWSODDWMHRQGHUGHYRHGLQJVEDVLVVWDDQGHYROJHQGHLGHQWL¿FDWLHJHJHYHQVYDQKHWDSSDUDDW
IDEULNDQWHQ(*PHUN
PRGHO0RG
VHULHQXPPHU61
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RSJHQRPHQHOHNWULVFKYHUPRJHQ:
JUDWLVWHOHIRRQQXPPHUDVVLVWHQWLH
%LMHYHQWXHOHYHU]RHNHQDDQGHHUNHQGHVHUYLFHGLHQVWHQYHUPHOGWXKHWPRGHOHQKHWVHULHQXP-
PHU
FASES VOORAFGAAND AAN HET GEBRUIK
Inbedrijfstelling
Controleer of de netspanning in huis dezelfde is als die op het plaatje met technische gege-
vens van het apparaat.
9HUZLMGHUKHWYHUSDNNLQJVPDWHULDDOHQFRQWUROHHURIDOOHRQGHUGHOHQDDQZH]LJ]LMQ
:DVGHRQGHUGHOHQDI]RDOVLQGHSDUDJUDDI³5HLQLJLQJYDQKHWDSSDUDDW´VWDDW
=HWKHWDSSDUDDW]RGDQLJQHHUGDWNLQGHUHQQLHWELMGHKHWHGHOHQNXQQHQNRPHQ=HWGHYRHW
YHUYROJHQVRSHHQYODNNHRQGHUJURQGYHUYDQNUDQHQHQZDVEDNNHQ
KOFFIE MAKEN
Gevaar - Risico voor elektrische schok
+HWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUPDJDOOHHQORVYDQGHYRHWZRUGHQJHYXOGRIJHOHHJG
Let op – Gevaar voor materiële schade
*HEUXLNKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWQLHW]RQGHUZDWHU
.LMNJRHGXLWGDWKHWZDWHUGHEXLWHQNDQWYDQKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUQLHWQDWPDDNW=RUJHUYRRU
GDWHUJHHQZDWHULQGHHOHNWULVFKHGHOHQWHUHFKWNRPW
9XOKHWUHVHUYRLUQRRLWPHWKHHWRINRNHQGZDWHU
9XOKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUDOOHHQPHWYHUVZDWHU
'RHQRRLW LHWV DQGHUVLQ KHW ¿OWHUGDQ JHPDOHQ NRI¿H +HWDSSDUDDW ]RX KLHUGRRU ]ZDDU
EHVFKDGLJGNXQQHQUDNHQ*HEUXLNKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWQLHWYRRUJHUVWHNRI¿H
%LMGHHHUVWHLQVFKDNHOLQJRIZDQQHHUKHWDSSDUDDWODQJHUHWLMGQLHWLVJHEUXLNWZRUGWDDQ-
JHUDGHQHHUVWWHQPLQVWHNRSMHNRIÀHWH]HWWHQ:DVHQGURRJGHNRIÀHNDQHQDOOHDFFHV-
VRLUHVDI+HWZDWHUUHVHUYRLURIGHYRHWQLHWDIZDVVHQ
&RQWUROHHURIKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWNRXGLV
1HHPKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWYDQGHYRHW
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GHNORNLQORV
9HUZLMGHUKHW¿OWHU*
9XOKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUPHWZDWHUWRWDDQKHWYHLOLJKHLGVYHQWLHO)GDWDDQGHELQQHQNDQWYDQ
KHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUWH]LHQLV)LJ9XOKHWQLHWWRWERYHQKHWYHLOLJKHLGVYHQWLHOPHWZDWHU
84
NL
'RHKHW¿OWHULQKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU
9XOKHW¿OWHUPHWJHPDOHQNRI¿H]RQGHUKHPDDQWHGUXNNHQ9XOKHWEHHWMHELMEHHWMHRPWH
YRRUNRPHQGDWGHJHPDOHQNRI¿HRYHUGHUDQGKHHQNRPW9HUGHHOGHNRI¿HJHOLMNPDWLJHQ
YHUZLMGHUKHWHYHQWXHOHWHYHHODDQNRI¿HYDQGH¿OWHUUDQG
*HEUXLNHHQJRHGHNZDOLWHLWJHPDOHQNRIÀHPHWPLGGHOJURYHPDOLQJGLHJHVFKLNWLVYRRUGH
moka express.
$OVHUWHYHHOJHPDOHQNRIÀHLQKHWÀOWHU*ZRUGWJHGDDQNDQKHWPRHLOLMN]LMQKHWZD-
WHUUHVHUYRLU(JRHGDDQGHNRIÀHNDQ.YDVWWHGUDDLHQ7LMGHQVGHNRIÀHDIJLIWHNDQKHW
ZDWHUUHVHUYRLUOHNNHQ+HWNDQ]LMQGDWGHNRIÀHHUQLHWJRHGXLWNRPW
Waarschuwing - Gevaar voor brandwonden
'UDDLKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUJRHGDDQGHNRI¿HNDQPDDU]RQGHUWHRYHUGULMYHQ2HIHQJHHQ
GUXNXLWRSGHKDQGJUHHS
:DQQHHUKHWDSSDUDDWZHUNWPRHWKHWGHNVHOGLFKWEOLMYHQ
=HWKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWRSGHYRHW'6OXLWKHWGHNVHO
6WHHNGHVWHNNHULQHHQJHDDUGVWRSFRQWDFW
'UXNRSGHNQRSRPNRI¿HWH]HWWHQ$+HWDSSDUDDWZRUGWLQJHVFKDNHOG+HWFRQWUROHODPSMH
YDQGHWRHWVJDDWPHWURRGOLFKWEUDQGHQ
1DHQNHOHPLQXWHQZRUGWGHNRI¿HDIJHJHYHQ:DFKWWRWGHDIJLIWHKHOHPDDONODDULV+HWFRQWUROH-
ODPSMHYDQGHNQRSRPNRI¿HWH]HWWHQ$EHJLQWWHNQLSSHUHQ*HEUXLNHHQOHSHOWMHRPGHNRI¿H
WHPHQJHQHQGHERG\HQWHPSHUDWXXUJHOLMNPDWLJWHYHUGHOHQ
6FKHQNGHNRI¿HLQGHNRSMHV
:DFKWWRWKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRIÀH]HWDSSDUDDWDIJHNRHOGLVYRRUGDWXKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUORV-
GUDDLWRPHHQQLHXZNRSMHNRIÀHWH]HWWHQ*HEUXLNDQGHUVKDQGVFKRHQHQRIWKHHGRHNHQRP
te voorkomen dat u zich brandt.
Let op – Gevaar voor materiële schade
=HWKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWQLHWLQHHQUXLPWHPHWHHQRPJHYLQJVWHPSHUDWXXUGLH
ODJHULVGDQ&DDQJH]LHQKHWLQGHNHWHODFKWHUJHEOHYHQZDWHU]RXNXQQHQEHYULH]HQHQ
VFKDGH]RXNXQQHQYHURRU]DNHQ
.RIÀHYRRUWZHHNRSMHV
9XOKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU(YRRUGHKHOIWPHWZDWHU)LJHQEOLMIKLHUELMRQGHUKHWYHLOLJKHLGV-
YHQWLHO)
'RHKHW¿OWHU*YRRUYLHUNRSMHVLQKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU
2PWZHHNRSMHVNRI¿HWHPDNHQGRHWXGHVFKLMI¿OWHUYRRUWZHHNRSMHV+LQKHW¿OWHUYRRUYLHU
NRSMHV)LJ
+DQGHO]RDOVEHVFKUHYHQLQGHSDUDJUDDI³.RI¿H]HWWHQ´
$OVHUJHHQNRIÀHZRUGWDIJHJHYHQNDQKHWÀOWHUYHUVWRSW]LMQ2QGHUEUHHNGHDIJLIWHHQ
ZDFKWWRWKHWDSSDUDDWDIJHNRHOGLV0DDNKHWDSSDUDDWYHUYROJHQVVFKRRQ]RDOVLQGHKLHU-
YRRUEHVWHPGHSDUDJUDDIZRUGWEHVFKUHYHQ
Warmhoudfunctie
:DQQHHUXKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWRSGHYRHWODDWEHJLQWGHZDUPKRXGIDVH'LWKRXGWGH
NRI¿HZDUP'HZDUPKRXGIXQFWLHEOLMIWPLQXWHQZHUNHQ
85
NL
DE MELKOPSCHUIMER/WATERKOKER GEBRUIKEN
Gevaar - Risico voor elektrische schok
'HNDQPDJDOOHHQORVYDQGHYRHWZRUGHQJHYXOGRIJHOHHJG
1HHPGHRSGHNDQZHHUJHJHYHQ0,10$;QLYHDXVLQDFKW'HVWHXQRSGHERGHPYDQ
GHNDQPRHWDOWLMGPHWPHONRIZDWHUEHGHNW]LMQ,QGLHQHUWHZHLQLJPHONRIZDWHULQKHW
DSSDUDDW]LWNDQKHWRYHUYHUKLWUDNHQ,QGLHQKHWDSSDUDDWPHWPHHUGDQGHZHHUJHJHYHQ
QLYHDXVZRUGWJHYXOGNDQKHWWLMGHQVKHWYHUZDUPHQYDQGHPHONRIKHWZDWHUOHNNHQ
Let op – Gevaar voor materiële schade
*HEUXLNKHWDSSDUDDWQLHW]RQGHUPHONRIZDWHU
9XOGHNDQYDQGHPHONRSVFKXLPHUZDWHUNRNHUDOOHHQPHWYHUVHPHONRIYHUVZDWHU
/DDWGHPHONRSVFKXLPHUZDWHUNRNHUQLHWGURRJ]RQGHUPHONRIZDWHUZHUNHQ
9XOGHNDQQRRLWPHWZDUPHPHONRIZDUPZDWHU
/DDWKHWZDWHUNRNHQDOVXKHWDSSDUDDWYRRUKHWHHUVWLQVFKDNHOW0DDNGHNDQOHHJHQVSRHO
KHPRP+HUKDDOGLWWZHHRIGULHNHHU
'HHHUVWHNHHUGDWKHWDSSDUDDWZRUGWYHUZDUPGNDQHUHHQOLFKWHJHXURQWVWDDQ*HHQ]RUJ
Het is perfect normaal, omdat sommige onderdelen lichtelijk zijn gesmeerd. Na korte tijd zal
GLWYHUVFKLMQVHOYHUGZLMQHQ
+HWHOHNWULVFKHNRIÀH]HWDSSDUDDWGHPHONRSVFKXLPHUZDWHUNRNHUNXQQHQWHJHOLMNZRUGHQ
ingeschakeld
MELK OPSCHUIMEN
Breng het opschuimstuk aan
9RRUYHHOVFKXLPEUHQJWXKHWRSVFKXLPVWXNPHWVSLUDDODDQ
2PZHLQLJVFKXLPWHNULMJHQRINOHLQHKRHYHHOKHGHQHHQEHHWMHRSWHVFKXLPHQ
NLHVWXKHWRSVFKXLPVWXN]RQGHUVSLUDDO
2PWHYRRUNRPHQGDW]HNZLMWUDNHQEHZDDUWXGHRSVFKXLPVWXNNHQGLHQLHWZRUGHQJHEUXLNWLQGH
RQGHUNDQWYDQGHYRHW)LJ
Schenk de melk in
1HHPKHWGHNVHOYDQGHPHONNDQ
'RHKHWJHVFKLNWHRSVFKXLPVWXNRSGHVWHXQRSGHERGHPYDQGHNDQ
9XOGHPHONNDQWRWKHWKRRJVWHQLYHDXGDWZRUGWDDQJHJHYHQGRRUKHWVWUHHSMHWHUKRRJWHYDQ
KHW0$;WHNHQ
0$;YRRUKHWRSVFKXLPVWXNPHWVSLUDDO
0,1YRRUKHWRSVFKXLPVWXN]RQGHUVSLUDDO
'RHKHWGHNVHOJRHGVWHYLJRSGHPHONNDQ
86
NL
De melk opschuimen en verwarmen
=HWGHPHONRSVFKXLPHUZDWHUNRNHUSGHYRHW
6WHHNGHVWHNNHULQHHQJHDDUGVWRSFRQWDFW
'UXNppQNHHURSGHNQRSRPFDSSXFFLQRWHPDNHQ%+HWDSSDUDDWZRUGWLQJHVFKDNHOG+HW
FRQWUROHODPSMHYDQGHWRHWVJDDWPHWURRGOLFKWEUDQGHQ
+HWDSSDUDDWEHJLQWGHPHONWHYHUZDUPHQHQRSWHVFKXLPHQ
$OVXKHWRSVFKXLPVWXNPHWVSLUDDOJHEUXLNWGXXUWKHWRSVFKXLPSURFHVRQJHYHHUPLQXXW
$OVXKHWRSVFKXLPVWXN]RQGHUVSLUDDOJHEUXLNWGXXUWKHWRSVFKXLPSURFHVRQJHYHHUPLQXWHQ
+HWYHUZDUPLQJVHQRSVFKXLPSURFHVVWRSWDXWRPDWLVFK
+HWFRQWUROHODPSMHYDQGHNQRSRPFDS-
SXFFLQRWHPDNHQ%EHJLQWWHNQLSSHUHQ
Waarschuwing - Gevaar voor brandwonden
2SHQKHWGHNVHOQLHWWHUZLMOGHPHONNRRNW*HYDDUYRRUKHWHPHONVSHWWHUV
9HU]HNHUXHUYDQGDWKHWDSSDUDDWXLWVWDDWYRRUGDWXKHWYDQGHYRHWQHHPW
7LOGHPHONRSVFKXLPHUZDWHUNRNHUDDQKHWVSHFLDOHKDQGYDWRS1HHPGHNDQYDQGHYRHW
6FKHQNGHPHONLQKHWNRSMH
Na het gebruik van het apparaat maakt u de kan en het opschuimstuk onmiddellijk schoon
om te voorkomen dat de melk erin opdroogt.
Koude melk opschuimen
+HWLVRRNPRJHOLMNGHPHONRSWHVFKXLPHQ]RQGHUKHPWHYHUZDUPHQ9RRUHHQ]DFKWHQURPLJ
VFKXLPJHEUXLNWXXLWVOXLWHQGKHWRSVFKXLPVWXNPHWVSLUDDO
'UXNRSGHNQRSRPFDSSXFFLQRWHPDNHQ%HQKRXGKHPRQJHYHHUVHFRQGHQLQJHGUXNW
WRWKHWDSSDUDDWGHPHONEHJLQWRSWHVFKXLPHQ+HWDSSDUDDWZRUGWLQJHVFKDNHOG+HWFRQWUR-
OHODPSMHYDQGHWRHWVJDDWPHWEODXZOLFKWEUDQGHQ
1DRQJHYHHUPLQXXWVWRSWKHWRSVFKXLPSURFHVDXWRPDWLVFK+HWFRQWUROHODPSMHYDQGH
NQRSRPFDSSXFFLQRWHPDNHQ%EHJLQWWHNQLSSHUHQ
Het verwarmen of opschuimen van de melk onderbreken of voortijdig
stoppen
'UXNRSGHNQRSRPFDSSXFFLQRWHPDNHQ%+HWFRQWUROHODPSMHYDQGHZHUNLQJJDDWXLW
2PWHEOLMYHQYHUZDUPHQHQRSVFKXLPHQGUXNWXGHNQRSRPFDSSXFFLQRWHPDNHQRSQLHXZLQ
NRUWDOVXZLOWYHUZDUPHQHQRSVFKXLPHQ
ODQJDOVXZLOWRSVFKXLPHQ]RQGHUYHUZDUPHQ
WATER VERWARMEN
'HWZHHRSVFKXLPVWXNNHQPRJHQQLHWZRUGHQJHEUXLNWZDQQHHUXZDWHUNRRNW9HUZLMGHUKHWRS-
VFKXLPVWXN3RI4XLWGHZDWHUNRNHU
9XOGHNDQWRWKHWJHZHQVWHQLYHDXPHWYHUVZDWHU
+HWPHW0$;DDQJHJHYHQSHLOPDJQLHWZRUGHQRYHUVFKUHGHQ
'RHKHWGHNVHOJRHGVWHYLJRSGHPHONNDQ
=HWGHPHONRSVFKXLPHUZDWHUNRNHURSGHYRHW
6WHHNGHVWHNNHULQHHQJHDDUGVWRSFRQWDFW
87
NL
Laat het water koken
'UXNppQNHHURSGHNQRSRPZDWHUWHNRNHQ&+HWDSSDUDDWZRUGWLQJHVFKDNHOG+HWFRQ-
WUROHODPSMHYDQGHWRHWVJDDWPHWURRGOLFKWEUDQGHQ
Water 80°C verwarmen
'UXNRSGHNQRSRPZDWHUWHNRNHQ&HQKRXGKHPRQJHYHHUVHFRQGHQLQJHGUXNWWRWKHW
DSSDUDDWKHWZDWHUEHJLQWWHYHUZDUPHQ+HWDSSDUDDWZRUGWLQJHVFKDNHOG+HWFRQWUROHODPSMH
YDQGHWRHWVJDDWPHWJHHOOLFKWEUDQGHQ
:DQQHHUKHWZDWHURSWHPSHUDWXXULVZRUGWGHYHUZDUPLQJVIXQFWLHDXWRPDWLVFKJHVWRSW+HWFRQ-
WUROHODPSMHYDQGHNQRSRPZDWHUWHNRNHQ&EHJLQWWHNQLSSHUHQ
Waarschuwing - Gevaar voor brandwonden
2SHQKHWGHNVHOQLHWWHUZLMOKHWZDWHUNRRNW*HYDDUYRRUKHWHZDWHUVSHWWHUV
9HU]HNHUXHUYDQGDWKHWDSSDUDDWXLWVWDDWYRRUGDWXKHWYDQGHYRHWQHHPW
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6FKHQNKHWZDWHULQGHNRSMHV
9HUZLMGHUKHWRYHUJHEOHYHQZDWHUQDLHGHUJHEUXLNXLWGHNDQ
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KHUVWHOOHQ
Waterdruppels onder de kan zijn heel normaal: het is maar condens.
HET APPARAAT UITSCHAKELEN
$OVJHHQHQNHOHWRHWVLQJHGUXNWLVHQDOOHFRQWUROHODPSMHVYRRUGHZHUNLQJXLWVWDDQLVKHWDSSDUDDW
XLWJHVFKDNHOG+DDOGHVWHNNHUYDQGHVWURRPNDEHODOWLMGXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW
Bescherming tegen oververhitting
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REINIGING VAN HET APPARAAT
Gevaar - Risico voor elektrische schok
$OOHKLHURQGHUDDQJHJHYHQUHLQLJLQJVKDQGHOLQJHQPRHWHQZRUGHQYHUULFKWELMXLWJHVFKDNHOG
DSSDUDDWHQPHWGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW
Let op – Gevaar voor materiële schade
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GDWKHWODQJHUJRHGEOLMIWZHUNHQGRRUGDWHUHHQDDQ]LHQOLMNNOHLQHUULVLFRLVGDWHUNDONDDQ-
VODJLQKHWDSSDUDDWRQWVWDDW
:DVGHRQGHUGHOHQYDQKHWDSSDUDDWQRRLWLQGHYDDWZDVPDFKLQH+RXGKHWDSSDUDDWQRRLWRQGHU
VWURPHQGZDWHU
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ZDWHUGUXSSHOVZRUGHQEHVFKHUPG
88
NL
*HEUXLNYRRUKHWVFKRRQPDNHQJHHQFKHPLVFKRIDJUHVVLHIUHLQLJLQJVPLGGHORIHHQVFKXXU-
PLGGHO
Waarschuwing - Gevaar voor brandwonden
$OOHKLHURQGHUEHVFKUHYHQUHLQLJLQJVZHUN]DDPKHGHQPRHWHQZRUGHQYHUULFKWZDQQHHUGH
KHWHGHOHQYDQKHWDSSDUDDW]LMQDIJHNRHOG
De v oet reinigen
'HYRHWPRHWPHWHHQYRFKWLJGRHNMHZRUGHQVFKRRQJHPDDNW*HEUXLNJHHQVFKXXUPLGGHOHQRI
PHWDOHQJHUHHGVFKDS
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+HWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUPRHWPHWHHQYRFKWLJGRHNMHZRUGHQVFKRRQJHPDDNW*HEUXLNJHHQVFKXXU-
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:DQQHHUXGHGLFKWLQJ,HQKHWVFKLMI¿OWHU-ZHJQHHPWYRRUVFKRRQPDDNKDQGHOLQJHQRIRP]H
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:DQQHHUGHGLFKWLQJHQKHWVFKLMI¿OWHUWHNHQHQYDQVOLMWDJHYHUWRQHQPRHWHQ]HZRUGHQYHUYDQ-
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Het waterreservoir ontkalken
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Reiniging van de melkopschuimer/waterkoker
1DLHGHUYHUZDUPLQJVHQRSVFKXLPSURFHVPDDNWXGHPHONNDQPHWHHQVFKRRQRPWHYRRU-
komen dat de melk erin indroogt.
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9HUZLMGHUKHWRSVFKXLPVWXNXLWGHNDQ
:DVKHWGHNVHO2HQGHRSVFKXLPVWXNNHQ43PHWZDUPZDWHUHQDIZDVPLGGHODI
89
NL
:DVDOOHHQGHELQQHQNDQWYDQGHKRXGHU5PHWZDUPZDWHUHQDIZDVPLGGHODI
'URRJDOOHRQGHUGHOHQ]RUJYXOGLJDIPHWQDPHGHPHONNDQRPYOHNYRUPLQJWHYRRUNRPHQ
De kan ontkalken
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BUITENWERKINGSTELLING
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GHVWURRPNDEHOGRRU
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90
NL
OVERZICHT VAN OPLOSSINGEN VOOR EEN AANTAL PR OBLEMEN
Let op!
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91
NL
Voor de melkopschuimer/waterkoker
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Het apparaat
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ƴƸƧƵƫƬƣƮƧƵƱƲƣƳƱƯƧƥƸƧƫƳƫƦƫƱ
ȂȠȜȠȞȩIJȚȠȚıȣıțİȣȑȢțĮIJĮıțİȣȐıIJȘțĮȞıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮijȑȢIJȦȞțİȓȝİȞȦȞİȣȡȦʌĮȧ-
țȫȞįȚĮIJȐȟİȦȞțĮȚțĮIJȐıȣȞȑʌİȚĮİȓȞĮȚʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣȝȑȞİȢıİȩȜĮIJĮįȣȞȘIJȚțȐİʌȚțȓȞįȣȞĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮ-
IJĮįȚĮȕȐıIJİʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐIJȚȢʌȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢțĮȚȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȠ-
ȞȐȤĮȖȚĮIJȠıțȠʌȩʌȠȣʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮțĮȚȗȘȝȚȑȢĭȣȜȐȟIJİʌȡȩȤİȚȡȠ
IJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠĮȣIJȩȖȚĮȞĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮIJȠıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȪİıIJİıIJȠȝȑȜȜȠȞǹȞʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮįȫıİIJİIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒıİțȐʌȠȚȠȐȜȜȠȐIJȠȝȠșȣȝȘșİȓIJİȞĮIJȠȣʌĮȡĮįȫıİIJİȝĮȗȓțĮȚIJȠʌĮȡȩȞİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ
ȅȚʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢijȑȡȠȣȞIJĮʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıȪȝȕȠȜĮʌȠȣıȘȝĮȓȞȠȣȞ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȖȚĮIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐ ȀǿȃǻȊȃȅȈ ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚİȓ ȖȚĮ ʌȚșĮȞȠȪȢ
ıȠȕĮȡȠȪȢ IJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪȢ țĮȚ șĮȞȐıȚȝȠ
țȓȞįȣȞȠ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȗȘȝȚȐȢĮʌȩįȚȐijȠȡİȢȐȜȜİȢĮȚIJȓİȢ ȆȇȅǼǿǻȅȆȅǿǾȈǾ ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚİȓ ȖȚĮ
IJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪȢțĮȚıȠȕĮȡȑȢȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȓȘıȘȖȚĮİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ȆȡȠıȠȤȒ±ȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ ȆȇȅȈȅȋǾ ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚİȓ ȖȚĮ İȜĮijȡȠȪȢ
IJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪȢȒȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ƲƳƱƤƭƧƲƱƮƧƯƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİ ȞĮ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ȖȚĮ ȞĮ ijIJȚȐȟİIJİ țĮijȑ țĮȚ ȖȚĮ ȞĮ
ȗİıIJȐȞİIJİțĮȚȞĮȤIJȣʌȒıİIJİIJȠĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȂȘȗİıIJĮȓȞİIJİțĮȞȑȞĮȞȐȜȜȠIJȪʌȠ
ȣȖȡȠȪȒıIJİȡİȐIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȖȚĮȠȚțȚĮțȒȤȡȒıȘțĮȚįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘ-
ıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚȖȚĮİȝʌȠȡȚțȠȪȢȒȕȚȠȝȘȤĮȞȚțȠȪȢıțȠʌȠȪȢ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȣIJȒʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȖȚĮȤȡȒıȘİȠȚțȚĮțȑȢİijĮȡȝȠȖȑȢțĮȚʌĮȡȩȝȠȚİȢ
ȩʌȦȢ
ıİȝȚțȡȑȢțȠȣȗȓȞİȢȖȚĮIJȠʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȩıIJĮțĮIJĮıIJȒȝĮIJĮIJĮȖȡĮijİȓĮțĮȚȐȜȜȠȣȢ
İʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢȤȫȡȠȣȢ
ıIJĮĮȖȡȠțIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȖȚĮȤȡȒıȘĮʌȩIJȠȣȢʌİȜȐIJİȢıİȟİȞȠįȠȤİȓĮʌĮȞıȚȩȞțĮȚȐȜȜȠȣȢȤȫȡȠȣȢįȚĮȝȠȞȒȢ
ȈIJĮIJȠȣȡȚıIJȚțȐțĮIJĮȜȪȝĮIJĮIJȪʌȠȣįȚĮȞȣțIJȑȡİȣıȘȝİʌȡȦȧȞȩEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
ȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠȞțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠʌȠȣ
ıȣȞİʌȫȢĮʌĮȜȜȐııİIJĮȚĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȗȘȝȚȑȢțȐșİijȪıȘȢʌȠȣ
ȠijİȓȜȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢǾĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘȑȤİȚıĮȞ
ıȣȞȑʌİȚĮIJȘȞĮțȪȡȦıȘȠʌȠȚĮıįȒʌȠIJİȝȠȡijȒȢİȖȖȪȘıȘȢ
ƶƲƱƭƧƫƮƮƣƵƫƬƱƫƬƫƯƦƶƯƱƫ
ȉĮțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȐȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȐIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣʌİȡȚȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚıİĮȣIJȩIJȠȑȞIJȣʌȠįİįȓ-
ȞȠȣȞIJȘįȣȞĮIJȩIJȘIJĮȞĮʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣIJİȓȠȤȡȒıIJȘȢĮʌȩIJȚȢȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ƲǒǐdžǀDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİʌĮijȒȢȝİȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȃĮʌȚȐȞİIJİIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮțĮȚIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮĮʌȩIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞʌȠȣʌȡȠțĮȜȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪțĮȚĮIJȝȠȪʌȠȣ
93
EL
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİțIJȠȟİȣșȠȪȞĮʌȩIJȚȢȠʌȑȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢIJȘȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȢȝȩțĮȂȘȞĮȞȠȓȖİIJİ
IJȠțĮʌȐțȚȩıȠįȚĮȡțİȓȘʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJȠȢțĮȣIJȠȪȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢȂȘȞĮȞȠȓȖİIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȖȚĮĮijȡȩ-
ȖĮȜĮȩıȠȕȡȐȗİȚIJȠȖȐȜĮ
ƲǒǐǔǐǘƿƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǖnjNJNjǟǎLJLjǍNJǟǎ
ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮțĮȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮ
ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȝİIJȘȕȐıȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢʌȠȣșĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȂȘȤȡȘ-
ıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮțĮȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮʌȐȞȦ
ıİĮȞĮȝȝȑȞĮȝȐIJȚĮțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐȒĮİȡȓȠȣ
ƴƩƮƣƯƵƫƬƧƴƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƫƴ
ǼȀǺǻǺȉȊǽȇȈȆȉǽȁȊȀȁǺȊȀȉȇǺȈǺȁǺȊȎȆǼǿĬȀǽȉ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮijȣȜȐııİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢIJȠȣİȡȖȠıIJĮıȓȠȣįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣ
ȩIJȚįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚįȦȡİȐȞIJİȤȞȚțȒȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȖȚĮIJȚȢȗȘȝȚȑȢʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘ-
țĮȞĮʌȩĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒĮʌȩȑȞĮ
İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒıȣȝȝȠȡijȫȞİIJĮȚȝİIJȘȞȠįȘȖȓĮǼȀȊʌĮȡIJȘȢ
ʌİȡȓȣȜȚțȫȞıİİʌĮijȒȝİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓDŽNJǂǕǂǍNJNjǒƽǑǂNJDžNJƽ
ǾȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐʌȐȞȦĮʌȩİIJȫȞȝȠȞȐȤĮĮȞ
İʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞİȞȒȜȚțĮȒĮȞȑȤȠȣȞİțʌĮȚįİȣIJİȓțĮȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚ
IJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣ-
ıțİȣȒȢ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮȡȝȠįȚȩIJȘIJĮIJȠȣ
ȤȡȒıIJȘįİȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌȠȞIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞİʌȓȕȜİȥȘİȞȩȢİȞȒ-
ȜȚțĮȂȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİıIJĮʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİıİʌĮȚįȚȐȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮĮʌȩȤȡȠȞȫȞȞĮʌȜȘıȚȐȗȠȣȞIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
țĮȚIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȖțĮIJĮȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘįȚȐșİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚ-
įȚȫȞįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJİȪıİIJİțȩȕȠ-
ȞIJĮȢIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣȞĮIJĮ
ȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȖȚĮ
ȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ǾȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJĮȚıİȐIJȠȝĮȝİİȚįȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȒȐIJȠȝĮȝİİȜ-
ȜȚʌİȓȢȖȞȫıİȚȢțĮȚĮȞİʌĮȡțȒʌİȓȡĮȝȠȞȐȤĮĮȞİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȣʌİȪșȣ-
ȞȠȒĮȞȑȤȠȣȞİțʌĮȚįİȣIJİȓțĮȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢ
ʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȆȡȚȞıȣȞįȑıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩįȓțIJȣȠȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘʌȠȣ
94
EL
ĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓȝİIJȘȞIJȐıȘIJȠȣ
įȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢ
ǾȤȡȒıȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȫȞȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗȦȞȝȘİȟȠȣįȚȠIJȘȝȑȞȦȞĮʌȩIJȠİȡȖȠıIJȐıȚȠȝʌȠ-
ȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚȗȘȝȚȑȢȒĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮ
ȅȤİȚȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȖȓȞİIJĮȚȝİİȟȦIJİȡȚțȩȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȒ
ȝİIJȘȜİȤİȚȡȚıIJȒȡȚȠ
ǹȞİȓȞĮȚȤĮȜĮıȝȑȞȠIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȘȜİțIJȡȠįȩIJȘıȘȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJĮșİȓĮʌȩ
IJȠȞțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠȒĮʌȩȑȞĮİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒ-
ȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒĮʌȩțȐʌȠȚȠȐIJȠȝȠʌȠȣȑȤİȚIJȘȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘIJİȤȞȚțȒțĮIJȐȡIJȚıȘ
ȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİțȐșİțȓȞįȣȞȠ
ȂȘȞȕȡȑȤİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓ
ȞĮȖȓȞİȚȕȡĮȤȣțȪțȜȦȝĮ
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİʌȑȝȕĮıȘțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪ
ȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLJLjǍNJƽǓǂǑǝDžNJƽǗǐǒdžǓƽnjnjdžǓǂNJǕǀdžǓ
ǼʌȚȜȑȟIJİȑȞĮȤȫȡȠȝİİʌĮȡțȒijȦIJȚıȝȩțĮȚĮİȡȚıȝȩțĮȚȝİȝȚĮʌȡȓȗĮİȪțȠȜĮ
ʌȡȠıʌİȜȐıȚȝȘ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚĮȞȑʌİıİțȐIJȦȒĮȞȑȤİȚİȝijĮȞȒıȘ-
ȝȐįȚĮȗȘȝȚȐȢıİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘȕȜȐȕȘȢȒĮȞȣʌȠȥȚȐȗİıIJİİȜĮIJIJȦȝĮIJȚțȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡ-
ȖȓĮȝİIJȐĮʌȩʌIJȫıȘȒĮȞʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚįȚĮȡȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪȂȘȞșȑIJİIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ
IJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞİȓȞĮȚİȜĮIJIJȦȝĮIJȚțȒ
ǵȜİȢȠȚİʌȚıțİȣȑȢĮțȩȝĮțĮȚȘĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣʌȡȑ-
ʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚıİȑȞĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡ-
ȕȚȢȒȠʌȦıįȒʌȠIJİĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȘȜİțIJȡȠȜȩȖȠȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİȠʌȠȚȠȞįȒʌȠIJİ
țȓȞįȣȞȠȈİĮȞIJȓșİIJȘʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘșĮʌĮȪİȚȞĮȚıȤȪİȚȘİȖȖȪȘıȘȅțĮIJĮıțİȣĮ-
ıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢĮʌĮȜȜȐııİIJĮȚĮʌȩțȐșİİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮIJȣȤȩȞȕȜȐȕİȢʌȠȣȠijİȓȜȠȞIJĮȚ
ıİȜĮȞșĮıȝȑȞİȢİʌȚıțİȣȑȢ
ƲǒǐdžNJDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjDŽNJǂdžDŽNjǂǞǍǂǕǂ
ȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJĮȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȩIJĮȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓțĮȚȝİȡȚțȐȜİʌIJȐ
ĮijȠȪIJȘıȕȒıİIJİȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȚȢȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȚĮ-
ıIJȡȐțȚĮțĮȚʌİIJıȑIJİȢțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢ
ȃĮĮijĮȚȡİȓIJİIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮțĮȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮ-
ıIJȒȡĮĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȝȩȞȠȩIJĮȞȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢȑȤİȚȠȜȠ-
țȜȘȡȦșİȓțĮȚİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȒȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ǹȞĮıȘțȫıIJİIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮțĮȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮ-
ıIJȒȡĮĮʌȩIJȠİȚįȚțȩȤİȡȠȪȜȚ
ǹijȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚʌȡȚȞIJȘȞțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİ
95
EL
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮıIJĮșİȡȩȩʌȠȣįİȞȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮȞĮʌȠįȠȖȣȡȓıİȚ
ȂȘȞIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİʌȠȜȪȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȒțȠȞIJȐıİȖȣ-
ȝȞȑȢijȜȩȖİȢȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİȗȘȝȚȑȢıIJȠıțİȜİIJȩIJȘȢ
ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐIJȘȞʌȡȠȝȘșİȣȩȝİȞȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢįȚĮ-
IJȘȡİȓIJİIJȘȕȐıȘțĮșĮȡȒțĮȚıIJİȖȞȒ
ȉȠțĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐİȚIJĮȗİıIJȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮİȡȚȠȪȤȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚįȚȠȟİȓįȚȠIJȠȣȐȞșȡĮțĮ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȣʌĮȓșȡȚȠȤȫȡȠ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıİĮIJȝȠıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢȕȡȠȤȒ
ȒȜȚȠțȜʌ
īȚĮIJȘıȦıIJȒĮʌȩıȣȡıȘIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȘȞǼȣȡȦʌĮȧțȒȅįȘȖȓĮ
(8ʌĮȡĮțĮȜİȓıIJİȞĮįȚĮȕȐıİIJİIJȠıȣȞȘȝȝȑȞȠıIJȠʌȡȠȧȩȞİȚįȚțȩ
ijȣȜȜȐįȚȠ
ƷƶƭƣưƵƧƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƣƶƵƧƴ
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮʌȠIJİȜİȓIJĮȚĮʌȩȝȓĮȕȐıȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢĮʌȩȝȓĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮ
țĮȚȝȓĮıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮȢ
$ȆȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢțĮijȑ
%ȆȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢțĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠ
&ȆȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢȞİȡȠȪ
'ǺȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ƧǏǂǒǕƿǍǂǕǂǕLjǓLjnjdžNjǕǒNJNjƿǓNjǂǗdžǕNJƾǒǂǓǍǝNjǂ
(ȁȑȕȘIJĮȢ
)ǺĮȜȕȓįĮĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢ
*ĭȓȜIJȡȠıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪȖȚĮIJȑııİȡĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
+ǻȓıțȠȢȖȚĮįȣȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
, ĭȜȐȞIJȗĮ
- ǻȚıțȠİȚįȑȢijȓȜIJȡȠ
.ȀĮȡȐijĮ
/ ȅʌȑȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
0ȀĮʌȐțȚ
1ȋİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ
96
EL
ƧǏǂǒǕƿǍǂǕǂǕLjǓǔǖǔNjdžǖƿǓDŽNJǂǂǗǒǝDŽǂnjǂǃǒǂǔǕƿǒǂ
2ȀĮʌȐțȚ
3ǼȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȤȦȡȓȢıʌȚȡȐȜ
4ǼȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȝİıʌȚȡȐȜ
5ǻȠȤİȓȠ
6ȋİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ
7ǻİȓțIJȘȢıIJȐșȝȘȢ
0$;ȖȚĮIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȤȦȡȓȢıʌȚȡȐȜ
0$;ȖȚĮIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȝİıʌȚȡȐȜ
U - ȊʌȠįȠȤȒİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ
ƴǕǐNJǘdžǀǂǂǎǂDŽǎǟǒNJǔLjǓ
ȈIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ ʌȠȣ ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ țȐIJȦ ĮʌȩIJȘ ȕȐıȘ IJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ ĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚ IJĮİȟȒȢ ıIJȠȚȤİȓĮ
ĮȞĮȖȞȫȡȚıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢțĮȚıȒȝĮȞıȘ&(ǼȅȀ
ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠ0RG
ĮȡıİȚȡȐȢ61
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘȢ9țĮȚıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ+]
țĮIJĮȞĮȜȚıțȩȝİȞȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȚıȤȪȢ:
ʌȡȐıȚȞȠIJȘȜȑijȦȞȠįȦȡİȐȞțȜȒıȘIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘ
ǵIJĮȞĮʌİȣșȪȞİıIJİıIJĮİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮțȑȞIJȡĮȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȞĮĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠ
ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠțĮȚIJȠȞıİȚȡȚĮțȩĮȡȚșȝȩ
ƲƳƱƬƣƵƣƳƬƵƫƬƧƴƧƳƥƣƴƫƧƴƥƫƣƵƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ƪƾǔLjǔdžnjdžNJǕǐǖǒDŽǀǂ
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣșijȑIJșijȡȤșȝıȜijȢțȜȡȫİțȜijȫȡȤįȟijțIJijȡțȥıȔȞıijșȟijȑIJșʍȡȤįȟįȗȢȑĴıijįț
IJijșȟʍțȟįȜȔİįijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢțĮȚȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞȩȜĮIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȆȜȪȞIJİIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ©ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢª
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȑIJıȚȫıIJİIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮȝȘȞijIJȐȞȠȣȞȞĮĮȖȖȓȟȠȣȞIJĮțĮȣIJȐ
ȝȑȡȘIJȘȢ ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘ ȕȐıȘ ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ ʌȐȞȦıİ ȝȚĮ İʌȓʌİįȘİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩȕȡȪıİȢȞİȡȠȪțĮȚȞİȡȠȤȪIJİȢ
ƲƺƴƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƬƣƷƧ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢʌȜȒȡȦıȘȢIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȖȓȞȠȞIJĮȚȑȤȠȞIJĮȢȕȖȐȜİȚIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮĮʌȩIJȘ
ȕȐıȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ƲǒǐǔǐǘƿƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǖnjNJNjǟǎLJLjǍNJǟǎ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮ
ȆȡȠıȑȟIJİȫıIJİIJȠȞİȡȩȞĮȝȘȕȡȑȟİȚIJȠİȟȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮǹʌȠijȪȖİIJİİȚıȡȠȑȢȞİȡȠȪ
ȝȑıĮıIJĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȂȘȖİȝȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȝİȗİıIJȩȒțĮȣIJȩȞİȡȩ
97
EL
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȝȩȞȠȝİȞȦʌȩijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩ
ȂȘȕȐȗİIJİʌȠIJȑȝȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪȠȣıȓİȢįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢĮʌȩțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘ
ȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮȖȓȞİȚıȠȕĮȡȒȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȣʌȠțĮIJȐıIJĮIJĮțĮijȑıIJȘȞ
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮ
ȊșȟʍȢȬijșĴȡȢȑʍȡȤȚįįȟȑȦıijıijșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȓȞıijȑįʍȪȞıȗȑȝȡȥȢȡȟțȜȪİțȑIJijșȞįʍȡȤ
İıȟȒȥıțȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțșȚıȔIJȤȟțIJijȡȫȞıȟįįĴȓIJıijıȟįijȢȒȠıțijȡȤȝȑȥțIJijȡȟȒȟįȣȜįĴȒȣȇȝȫ-
ȟijıȜįțIJȜȡȤʍȔIJijıijșȟȜįȢȑĴįȜįțȪȝįijįıȠįȢijȓȞįijįȃșȟʍȝȒȟıijıijȡȝȒȖșijįȜįțijșȖȑIJș
șȝıȜijȢțȜȓȣijȢȡĴȡİȡIJȔįȣ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȑȤİȚțȡȣȫıİȚȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮ
ȀȡĮIJȒıIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ(ȝİIJȠȑȞĮȤȑȡȚțĮȚȝİIJȠȐȜȜȠȤȑȡȚȟİȕȚįȫıIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮ.ȖȣȡȞȫ-
ȞIJĮȢIJȘȞʌȡȠȢIJĮĮȡȚıIJİȡȐ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪ*
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȝİȞİȡȩ ȝȑȤȡȚIJȘıIJȐșȝȘȕĮȜȕȓįĮȢ ĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢ)ʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚȠȡĮIJȒ Įʌȩ
IJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮǼȚțǾıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȣʌİȡȕĮȓȞİȚIJȘȕĮȜȕȓįĮ
ĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪȝİțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘȤȦȡȓȢȞĮIJȠıȣȝʌȚȑıİIJİīİȝȓıIJİIJȠıȚȖȐ
ıȚȖȐȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİȞĮȟİȤİȚȜȓıİȚȠțĮijȑȢıİıțȩȞȘǻȚĮȞİȓȝİIJİȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮIJȠȞțĮijȑțĮȚ
ĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞIJȣȤȩȞʌİȡȓııİȚĮıțȩȞȘȢĮʌȩIJȠȤİȓȜȠȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȌȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțȓIJijıȜįĴȒIJıIJȜȪȟșȜįȝȓȣʍȡțȪijșijįȣȞȒijȢțįȣȑȝıIJșȣȜįțIJȤIJȜıȤįIJȞȒȟȡȗțį
ȜįĴıijțȒȢįȞȪȜį
ǺȟȖȑȝıijıȤʍıȢȖȡȝțȜȓʍȡIJȪijșijįȜįĴȒIJıIJȜȪȟșȞȒIJįIJijȡĴȔȝijȢȡIJȥȓȞįijȡȣȥȧȟțȡȫ*
ȞʍȡȢıȔȟįİȤIJȜȡȝıȤijıȔijıȟįȖțİȬIJıijıȜįȝȑijȡȝȒȖșijį(IJijșȟȜįȢȑĴį.ȁįijȑijșİțȑȢ-
ȜıțįʍįȢȡȥȓȣȜįĴȒȞʍȡȢıȔȟįʍįȢȡȤIJțįIJijȡȫȟİțįȢȢȡȒȣįʍȪijȡȝȒȖșijįȆȜįĴȒȣȞʍȡȢıȔȟį
ȞșȟıȜȢȒıțIJȧIJijȑ
ƲǒǐdžǀDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ǺȚįȫıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮıIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮȤȦȡȓȢȞĮȣʌİȡȕȐȜȜİIJİȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠ-
ȜĮȕȒȖȚĮȞĮȕȚįȫıİIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮ
ǵIJĮȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȠțĮʌȐțȚʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚțȜİȚıIJȩ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ'ȀȜİȓıIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮʌȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢțĮijȑ$ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȐȕİȚȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣ
ʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣșĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝİțȩțțȚȞȠȤȡȫȝĮ
ȂİIJȐĮʌȩȝİȡȚțȐȜİʌIJȐșĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȘİțȡȠȒIJȠȣțĮijȑȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓȘİțȡȠȒIJȠȣ
țĮijȑĬĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢțĮijȑ$
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȑȞĮțȠȣIJĮȜȐțȚȖȚĮȞĮĮȞĮțĮIJȑȥİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑțĮȚȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijȘIJȘ
ıȪıIJĮıȘțĮȚIJȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮIJȠȣțĮijȑ
ȈİȡȕȓȡİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑıIJĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ȇȢțȟȠıȖțİȬIJıijıijȡȝȒȖșijįȗțįȟįĴijțȑȠıijıȜįțȟȡȫȢȗțȡȜįĴȒʍıȢțȞȒȟıijıȟįȜȢȤȬIJıțșșȝı-
ȜijȢțȜȓȜįĴıijțȒȢįȞȪȜįǽȟįȝȝįȜijțȜȑȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțȓIJijıȗȑȟijțįȓʍıijIJȒijıȣȜȡȤȘȔȟįȣȗțįȟį
įʍȡĴȫȗıijıijȡȟȜȔȟİȤȟȡıȗȜįȤȞȑijȧȟ
98
EL
ƲǒǐǔǐǘƿƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǖnjNJNjǟǎLJLjǍNJǟǎ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİȞİȡȩȝȑıĮıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮȩIJĮȞȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞIJȠȢ
İȓȞĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩ&ȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȖȫıİȚIJȠȞİȡȩıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮțĮȚȞĮʌȡȠȟİȞȒıİȚȗȘȝȚȐ
ƬǂǗƾǓDŽNJǂDžǖǐǗnjNJǕLJƽǎNJǂ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ(ȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑıȘǼȚțʌĮȡĮȝȑȞȠȞIJĮȢțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȘȢȕĮȜȕȓįĮȢ
ĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢ)
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȝȑıĮıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪ*ȖȚĮIJȑııİȡĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
īȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİįȪȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮijȑIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠįȚıțȠİȚįȑȢijȓȜIJȡȠ+ȖȚĮįȪȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ȝȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪȖȚĮIJȑııİȡĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮǼȚț
ǹțȠȜȠȣșİȓıIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌȠȣʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ©ȆȫȢȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİțĮijȑª
ǿıȝȝțʍȓȣʍįȢȡȥȓȜįĴȒȞʍȡȢıȔȟįȡĴıȔȝıijįțIJıĴȢȑȠțȞȡijȡȤĴȔȝijȢȡȤǼțįȜȪȦijıijșȟʍįȢȡȥȓ
ȜįțʍıȢțȞȒȟıijıȟįȜȢȤȬIJıțșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȉijșIJȤȟȒȥıțįȜįȚįȢȔIJijıijșȟIJȫȞĴȧȟįȞıijțȣȡİșȗȔıȣ
ijșȣIJȥıijțȜȓȣʍįȢįȗȢȑĴȡȤ
ƭdžNJǕǐǖǒDŽǀǂDžNJǂǕƿǒLjǔLjǓLJdžǔǕǐǞNjǂǗƾ
ǹȞĮijȒıİIJİIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮʌȐȞȦıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢșĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȘijȐıȘįȚ-
ĮIJȒȡȘıȘȢȗİıIJȠȪ țĮijȑDzIJıȚ Ƞ țĮijȑȢșĮ įȚĮIJȘȡȘșİȓ ȗİıIJȩȢ Ǿ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮįȚĮIJȒȡȘıȘȢ ȗİıIJȠȪ
ʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȘȖȚĮȜİʌIJȐ
ƲƺƴƯƣƸƳƩƴƫƮƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƵƧƵƩƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƥƫƣƣƷƳƱƥƣƭƣƤƳƣƴƵƩƳƣ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢȖİȝȓıȝĮIJȠȢțĮȚĮįİȚȐıȝĮIJȠȢIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȑȤȠȞIJĮȢȕȖȐȜİȚ
IJȠįȠȤİȓȠĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ȉȘȡȒıIJİIJȚȢıIJȐșȝİȢ0,10$;ʌȠȣıȘȝİȚȫȞȠȞIJĮȚȝȑıĮıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠǾȣʌȠįȠȤȒıIJȠȞʌȣș-
ȝȑȞĮIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚʌȐȞIJĮıțİʌĮıȝȑȞȘĮʌȩȖȐȜĮȒȞİȡȩȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘİȜ-
ȜȚʌȠȪȢʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȢȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢȒȞİȡȠȪȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȣʌİȡșİȡȝĮȞșİȓȘıȣıțİȣȒǹȞȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦĮʌȩIJȚȢıȘȝİȚȦȝȑȞİȢıIJȐșȝİȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȡȠȣıȚĮıIJȠȪȞİțȡȠȑȢȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢ
ȒȞİȡȠȪțĮIJȐIJȘijȐıȘșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢ
ƲǒǐǔǐǘƿƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǖnjNJNjǟǎLJLjǍNJǟǎ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩȒȖȐȜĮ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮȝȩȞȠȝİijȡȑıțȠȖȐȜĮȒijȣıȚțȩ
ȞȦʌȩȞİȡȩ
ȂȘșȑIJİIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩȒȖȐȜĮ
ȂȘȖİȝȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩȒȗİıIJȩȖȐȜĮ
ȊșȟʍȢȬijșĴȡȢȑʍȡȤȚįįȟȑȦıijıijșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȖȢȑIJijıijȡȟıȢȪǺİıțȑIJijıȜįțȠıʍȝȫȟijıijȡ
İȡȥıȔȡǽʍįȟįȝȑȖıijıijșȟİțįİțȜįIJȔįİȫȡȓijȢıțȣĴȡȢȒȣ
ȊșȟʍȢȬijșĴȡȢȑʍȡȤȚį ȘıIJijįȚıȔșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȞʍȡȢıȔȟį įȟįʍijȤȥȚıȔȞțįıȝįĴȢțȑȡIJȞȓ
ȞșȟįȟșIJȤȥıȔijıʍȢȪȜıțijįțȗțįȒȟįȜįȟȡȟțȜȪĴįțȟȪȞıȟȡȗțįijȔȞıȢțȜȑıȠįȢijȓȞįijįȒȥȡȤȟȝȔȗȡ
ȝȑİțĭįıȠįĴįȟțIJȚıȔIJıIJȫȟijȡȞȡȥȢȡȟțȜȪİțȑIJijșȞį
ǼȤȟįijȪijșijįijįȤijȪȥȢȡȟșȣ ıȟıȢȗȡʍȡȔșIJșȣșȝıȜijȢțȜȓȣ ȜįĴıijțȒȢįȣȞȪȜį ȜįțIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣ ȗțį
įĴȢȪȗįȝįȖȢįIJijȓȢį
99
EL
ƥƫƣƯƣƸƵƶƲƩƴƧƵƧƵƱƥƣƭƣ
ƧǑNJnjƾǏǕdžǕǐdžǏƽǒǕLjǍǂ
īȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİʌȠȜȪĮijȡȩȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȝİıʌȚȡȐȜ
īȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİȜȓȖȠĮijȡȩȒȖȚĮȞĮȤIJȣʌȒıİIJİİȜĮijȡȐȝȚțȡȑȢʌȠıȩIJȘIJİȢȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȤȦȡȓȢıʌȚȡȐȜ
īȚĮȞĮȝȘȤĮșȠȪȞIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮijȣȜȐȟIJİIJĮıIJȠȞİȚįȚțȩȤȫȡȠʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȠțȐIJȦȝȑȡȠȢIJȘȢ
ȕȐıȘȢǼȚț
ƴdžǒǃǀǒdžǕdžǕǐDŽƽnjǂ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣʌȣșȝȑȞĮIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ
ȇȓȟIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘʌȠȣıȘȝİȚȫȞİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȘȖȡĮȝȝȠȪȜĮıİĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤȓĮIJȘȢ
İʌȚȖȡĮijȒȢ0$;
0$;ȖȚĮIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȝİıʌȚȡȐȜ
0$;ȖȚĮIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȤȦȡȓȢıʌȚȡȐȜ
ȀȜİȓıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠțĮʌȐțȚıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ƸǕǖǑƿǔǕdžNjǂNJLJdžǔǕƽǎdžǕdžǕǐDŽƽnjǂ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮʌȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİȝȚĮijȠȡȐIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢțĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠ%ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȐȕİȚȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚ-
țȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣșĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝİțȩțțȚȞȠȤȡȫȝĮ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮȗİıIJĮȓȞİȚIJȠȖȐȜĮțĮȚȞĮıȤȘȝĮIJȓȗİȚĮijȡȩ
ǹȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȝİıʌȚȡȐȜȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮijȡȠȪșĮȑȤİȚįȚȐȡțİȚĮʌİ-
ȡȓʌȠȣȜİʌIJȩ
ǹȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȤȦȡȓȢıʌȚȡȐȜȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮijȡȠȪșĮȑȤİȚįȚȐȡțİȚĮ
ʌİȡȓʌȠȣȜİʌIJȐ
ǾįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢțĮȚįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮijȡȠȪıIJĮȝĮIJȐİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮ
ĬĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚ
IJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢțĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠ%
ƲǒǐdžǀDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ȂȘȞĮȞȠȓȖİIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚȩıȠȕȡȐȗİȚIJȠȖȐȜĮȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJȠȢțĮȣIJȠȪȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȒȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȚȞIJȘȞĮȞĮıȘțȫıİIJİĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠ-
ıȓĮȢ
ǹȞĮıȘțȫıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮĮʌȩIJȘȞİȚįȚțȒȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠ
įȠȤİȓȠĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ȈİȡȕȓȡİIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮıIJȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
ȃıijȑijșȥȢȓIJșijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣȜįȚįȢȔIJijıįȞȒIJȧȣijȡİȡȥıȔȡȜįțijȡıȠȑȢijșȞįȬIJijıȟįȞșȟ
ȠıȢįȚıȔijȡȗȑȝįIJijȡıIJȧijıȢțȜȪijșȣ
100
EL
ƸǒƿǔLjNjǒǞǐǖDŽƽnjǂNjǕǐǓ
ǼȓȞĮȚįȣȞĮIJȩȞȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮțĮȚȤȦȡȓȢȞĮȗİıIJȐȞİIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮīȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİĮʌĮȜȩ
ĮijȡȩȝİțĮȧȝȐțȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȠʌȦıįȒʌȠIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȝİıʌȚȡȐȜ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢțĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠ%țĮȚțȡĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌĮIJȘȝȑȞȠȖȚĮįİȣIJİȡȩ-
ȜİʌIJĮʌİȡȓʌȠȣȝȑȤȡȚȢȩIJȠȣȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮȤIJȣʌȐİȚIJȠȖȐȜĮǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȐȕİȚȉȠ
İȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣșĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝİȝʌȜİȤȡȫȝĮ
ǶıIJİȡĮĮʌȩʌİȡȓʌȠȣȜİʌIJȩșĮıIJĮȝĮIJȒıİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȖȚĮIJȘȞįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮ
ĮijȡȠȪȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢĬĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢ
țĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠ%
ƦNJǂNjǝǙǕdžƿǐnjǐNjnjLjǒǟǔǕdžǑǒǝǚǒǂǕǐLJƾǔǕǂǍǂNjǂNJǕLjǎDžLjǍNJǐǖǒDŽǀǂǂǗǒǐǞ
DŽƽnjǂNjǕǐǓ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢțĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠ%ȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢıȕȒ-
ȞİȚ
īȚĮȞĮıȣȞİȤȓıİIJİȞĮȗİıIJĮȓȞİIJİțĮȚȞĮȤIJȣʌȐIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮʌĮIJȒıIJİȟĮȞȐIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢ
țĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠ
ȖȚĮȜȓȖȠĮȞİʌȚșȣȝİȓIJİȞĮȗİıIJȐȞİIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮțĮȚijIJȚȐȟİIJİĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮ
ȖȚĮʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȘȫȡĮĮȞİʌȚșȣȝİȓIJİțĮȚijIJȚȐȟİIJİĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȤȦȡȓȢȞĮȗİıIJȐȞİIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮ
ƥƫƣƯƣƨƧƴƵƣƯƧƵƧƵƱƯƧƳƱ
ǵIJĮȞȗİıIJĮȓȞİIJĮȚIJȠȞİȡȩįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJĮįȪȠİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮȖȚĮIJȠțIJȪʌȘȝĮIJȠȣ
ȖȐȜĮIJȠȢǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮʌȩIJȠȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮ3Ȓ4
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞȦʌȩijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȞİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȒıIJȐșȝȘ
ȃșȟȤʍıȢȖıȔijıijșIJijȑȚȞșʍȡȤİıȔȥȟıțijȡIJșȞȑİț0$;ȞȒȗțIJijȡ
ȀȜİȓıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠțĮʌȐțȚıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮʌȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘ
ƥNJǂǎǂǃǒƽǔdžǕdžǕǐǎdžǒǝ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİȝȚĮijȠȡȐIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢȞİȡȠȪ&ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȐȕİȚȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩ
ȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣșĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝİțȩțțȚȞȠȤȡȫȝĮ
ƥNJǂǎǂLJdžǔǕƽǎdžǕdžǕǐǎdžǒǝǔǕǐǖǓ&
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢȞİȡȠȪ&țĮȚțȡĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌĮIJȘȝȑȞȠȖȚĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮ
ʌİȡȓʌȠȣȝȑȤȡȚȢȩIJȠȣȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮȗİıIJĮȓȞİȚIJȠȞİȡȩǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȐȕİȚȉȠİȞįİȚ-
țIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣșĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝİțȓIJȡȚȞȠȤȡȫȝĮ
ǵIJĮȞIJȠȞİȡȩijIJȐıİȚıIJȘıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢıIJĮȝĮIJȐİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮĬĮ
ĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢȞİȡȠȪ&
ƲǒǐdžǀDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ȂȘȞĮȞȠȓȖİIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȩIJĮȞȕȡȐȗİȚIJȠȞİȡȩȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİțIJȩȟİȣıȘȢȗİıIJȠȪȞİ-
ȡȠȪ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȒȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȚȞIJȘȞĮȞĮıȘțȫıİIJİĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠ-
ıȓĮȢ
ǹȞĮıȘțȫıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮĮʌȩIJȘȞİȚįȚțȒȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠ
įȠȤİȓȠĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
101
EL
ȈİȡȕȓȡİIJİIJȠȞİȡȩıIJĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ȂİIJȐĮʌȩțȐșİȤȡȒıȘĮįİȚȐıIJİIJȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣȑȤİȚȝİȓȞİȚıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
īȚĮȞĮȟĮȞĮȕȡȐıİIJİȞİȡȩʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȖȚĮȜȓȖĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠțĮIJĮıIJĮșİȓȘįȚȐIJĮȟȘ
ȑȞĮȣıȘȢ
ǿʍįȢȡȤIJȔįIJijįȗȪȟȧȟȟıȢȡȫȜȑijȧįʍȪijȡİȡȥıȔȡıȔȟįțȜįȟȡȟțȜȓʍȢȪȜıțijįțȗțįIJȤȞʍȫ-
ȜȟȧȞį
ƲƺƴƯƣƴƤƩƴƧƵƧƵƩƴƶƴƬƧƶƩ
ǹȞįİȞȑȤİȚʌĮIJȘșİȓțĮȞȑȞĮʌȜȒțIJȡȠțĮȚȩȜĮIJĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȐȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȒȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ƲǒǐǔǕǂǔǀǂǂǑǝǕLjǎǖǑdžǒljƾǒǍǂǎǔLj
ǹȞĮȞȐȥĮIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȦȡȓȢȖȐȜĮȒȞİȡȩȝİIJȐĮʌȩįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮșĮıȕȒıİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮ
ȖȚĮʌȡȠıIJĮıȓĮĮʌȩȣʌİȡșȑȡȝĮȞıȘīȚĮȞĮȟĮȞĮȕȡȐıİIJİȞİȡȩʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȖȚĮȜȓȖĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮ
ȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠțĮIJĮıIJĮșİȓȘįȚȐIJĮȟȘȑȞĮȣıȘȢ
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ǵȜİȢȠȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȠȣĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȝİıȕȘ-
ıIJȒıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚĮijȠȪȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ƲǒǐǔǐǘƿƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǖnjNJNjǟǎLJLjǍNJǟǎ
ǾIJĮțIJȚțȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘțĮȚțĮșĮȡȚȩIJȘIJĮįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒıİțĮȜȒțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȖȚĮȝİ-
ȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮȝİȚȫȞȠȞIJĮȢıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȐIJȠȞțȓȞįȣȞȠıȤȘȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪĮȜȐIJȦȞıIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞʌȜȑȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌİȣ-
șİȓĮȢİțIJȩȟİȣıȘȞİȡȠȪ
ȂȘȕȡȑȤİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮIJȘȢ ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȢȝȩțĮIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȘȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢȖȚĮ
ĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȒIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢǹȣIJȐIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞĮıİ
ȣȖȡĮıȓĮȉĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȪȠȞIJĮȚțĮȚĮʌȩʌȚșĮȞȑȢʌȚIJıȚȜȚȑȢȒ
ıIJĮȖȩȞİȢȞİȡȠȪ
īȚĮIJȘȞțĮșĮȡȚȩIJȘIJĮįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțĮȞȑȞĮȤȘȝȚțȩĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȩȒıijȠȣȖ-
ȖȐȡȚĮȝİIJȡĮȤȚȐİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ƲǒǐdžǀDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ǵȜİȢȠȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȠȣʌİȡȚȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚĮijȠȪ
ȑȤȠȣȞțȡȣȫıİȚȩȜİȢȠȚȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕLjǓǃƽǔLjǓǕǒǐǗǐDžǐǔǀǂǓ
ǾȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJĮȚȝİȑȞĮȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚ-
țȐıİıțȩȞȘȒȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐıțİȪȘ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕLjǓLjnjdžNjǕǒNJNjƿǓNjǂǗdžǕNJƾǒǂǓǍǝNjǂ
ȅȜȑȕȘIJĮȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțĮșĮȡȚıIJİȓȝİȑȞĮȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȐıİıțȩȞȘ
ȒȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐıțİȪȘ
102
EL
ǵIJĮȞȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮ,țĮȚIJȠįȚıțȠİȚįȑȢijȓȜIJȡȠ-ȖȚĮIJȚȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪȒȖȚĮȞĮIJĮ
ĮȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİʌȡȠıȑȟIJİȞĮIJĮȟĮȞĮȕȐȜİIJİıȦıIJȐıIJȘșȑıȘIJȠȣȢȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮ-
IJĮȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȠȚȠʌȑȢIJȠȣįȚıțȠİȚįȠȪȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣįİȞİȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢțĮȚĮȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİ
IJȚȢȝİȑȞĮȕȠȣȡIJıȐțȚǼȚț
ǵIJĮȞȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮțĮȚIJȠįȚıțȠİȚįȑȢijȓȜIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȣȞıȘȝȐįȚĮijșȠȡȐȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȞIJȚțĮșȓıIJĮ-
ȞIJĮȚȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȖȞȒıȚĮĮȞIJĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮȖȠȡȐıİIJİıIJĮİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮ
țȑȞIJȡĮIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢıȑȡȕȚȢ
ƣǗǂǀǒdžǔLjǂnjƽǕǚǎǂǑǝǕǐnjƾǃLjǕǂ
ȂİIJȘȞʌȐȡȠįȠIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣȝİIJȐĮʌȩʌȠȜȜȠȪȢțĮijȑįİȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİʌȚțĮșȒıȠȣȞȐȜĮIJĮıIJȠȞʌȣș-
ȝȑȞĮIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮĮȣIJȩșĮĮȣȟȒıİȚıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȐIJȠȤȡȩȞȠİțȡȠȒȢIJȠȣțĮijȑīȚĮȞĮĮʌȠțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİ
ĮȣIJȒIJȘȞĮȞȦȝĮȜȓĮʌȡȑʌİȚțȐșİIJȩıȠȞĮİțIJİȜİȓIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞȋȡȘıȚȝȠ-
ʌȠȚȒıIJİIJĮİȚįȚțȐʌȡȠȧȩȞIJĮȖȚĮIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJȘȞĮȖȠȡȐȖȚĮ
ʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮțȚIJȡȚțȩȠȟȪ
īȚĮIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞĮțȠȜȠȣșȒıIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮİȓȞĮȚțȡȪĮțĮȚȟİȕȚįȫıIJİIJȘȞ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȝİIJȠʌȡȠȧȩȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞțĮȚʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȚıȒȫȡĮ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȑȤİIJİțȐȞİȚʌȜȒȡȘİıȦIJİȡȚțȩțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ǿıȢȗįIJȔįįȤijȓʍȢȒʍıțȟįıȜijıȝıIJijıȔȞıȜȢȫȡȝȒȖșijįȜįțȪȥțijȡʍȡȚıijșȞȒȟȡʍȑȟȧIJijșȖȑIJș
șȝıȜijȢțȜȓȣijȢȡĴȡİȡIJȔįȣ
ǹijȠȪʌİȡȐıİȚȝȚıȒȫȡĮĮįİȚȐıIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢĮijĮȚȡȑıĮIJİIJȘıIJȡȫıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞ
ĮʌȩIJȠȞʌȣșȝȑȞĮțĮȚıIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮȟİʌȜȪȞIJİIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮȂȘȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ıIJȠȞİȡȩ
ĭIJȚȐȟIJİIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞțĮijȑįİȢʌȠȣșĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİ
ǾİȖȖȪȘıȘįİȞțĮȜȪʌIJİȚIJȚȢȗȘȝȓİȢʌȠȣȠijİȓȜȠȞIJĮȚıİijȡĮȟȓȝĮIJĮĮʌȩȚȗȒȝĮIJĮĮȜȐIJȦȞʌȠȣȡȓ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕLjǓǔǖǔNjdžǖƿǓDŽNJǂǂǗǒǝDŽǂnjǂǃǒǂǔǕƿǒǂ
ȃıijȑįʍȪȜȑȚıİțįİțȜįIJȔįȚȒȢȞįȟIJșȣȗțįijșȟİșȞțȡȤȢȗȔįįĴȢȡȫȗȑȝįȜijȡȣȜįȚįȢȔIJijıįȞȒ-
IJȧȣijȡİȡȥıȔȡʍȢȡȜıțȞȒȟȡȤȟįȞșȟȠıȢįȚıȔijȡȗȑȝįȞȒIJįIJijȡİȡȥıȔȡ
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȆȜȪȞIJİȝİȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩțĮȚȑȞĮĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȩʌȚȐIJȦȞIJȠțĮʌȐțȚ2țĮȚIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ43
ȆȜȪȞIJİȝȩȞȠIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩȝȑȡȠȢIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ5ȝİȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩțĮȚȑȞĮĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȩʌȚȐIJȦȞ
ȈIJİȖȞȫıIJİțĮȜȐȩȜĮIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢțĮȚȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȠıȤȘ-
ȝĮIJȚıȝȩȜİțȑįȦȞ
ƣǗǂǀǒdžǔLjǂnjƽǕǚǎǂǑǝǕǐDžǐǘdžǀǐ
ǾIJĮțIJȚțȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘțĮȚțĮșĮȡȚȩIJȘIJĮįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒıİțĮȜȒțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȖȚĮȝİȖĮȜȪIJİ-
ȡȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮȝİȚȫȞȠȞIJĮȢıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȐIJȠȞțȓȞįȣȞȠıȤȘȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪĮȜȐIJȦȞıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǹȞ
ȩȝȦȢȝİIJȘȞʌȐȡȠįȠIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐıİȚțȐʌȠȚİȢĮȞȦȝĮȜȓİȢ
İȟĮȚIJȓĮȢIJȘȢȤȡȒıȘȢȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮıțȜȘȡȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝİȝİȖȐȜȘʌİȡȚİțIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮĮȜȐIJȦȞȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮ
ʌȡȠȕİȓIJİıIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȒIJȠȣȢȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİIJȘȞțĮȞȠȞȚțȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒ-
ıIJİIJĮİȚįȚțȐʌȡȠȧȩȞIJĮȖȚĮIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJȘȞĮȖȠȡȐȖȚĮʌĮȡȐ-
įİȚȖȝĮțȚIJȡȚțȩȠȟȪ
103
EL
ƣƸƳƩƴƵƧƶƴƩƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘșȑıȘȢİțIJȩȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮʌȠıȣȞįȑıİIJİȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐ
ȀȩȥIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘįȚȐȜȣıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȟİȤȦȡȓıİIJİIJĮįȚȐijȠȡĮȣȜȚțȐțĮIJĮıțİȣȒȢıȪȝ-
ijȦȞĮȝİIJȘȞıȪȞșİıȒIJȠȣȢțĮȚIJȚȢȚıȤȪȠȣıİȢįȚĮIJȐȟİȚȢıIJȘȋȫȡĮıĮȢ
ƲƺƴƯƣƣƲƱƬƣƵƣƴƵƩƴƧƵƧƵƫƴƲƣƳƣƬƣƵƺƣƯƺƮƣƭƫƧƴ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȚțȫȞĮȞȦȝĮȜȚȫȞıȕȒıIJİĮȝȑıȦȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩ
IJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȞĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȖȐȞIJȚĮȒ
ʌİIJıȑIJİȢțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȠȞțȓȞįȣȞȠİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ
ƥNJǂǕLjǎLjnjdžNjǕǒNJNjƿNjǂǗdžǕNJƾǒǂǍǝNjǂ
ȆȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ǹȚIJȓİȢ ǻȚȠȡșȦIJȚțȑȢİʌİȝȕȐıİȚȢ
ȅțĮijȑȢįİȞİțȡȑİȚ DzȜȜİȚȥȘȞİȡȠȪıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȕȐȗȠȞIJĮȢıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ
IJȘıȦıIJȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪ
ǼțȡȠȒțĮijȑĮʌȩIJȠ
ȤİȓȜȠȢIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮ ȆȚșĮȞȩȞıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪȑȤİIJİȕȐȜİȚ
ȝİȖȐȜȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑıİ
ıțȩȞȘʌȠȣıĮȢİȝʌȩįȚıİȞĮ
ȕȚįȫıİIJİİʌĮȡțȫȢIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ıIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮ
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȕȐȗȠȞIJĮȢıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪIJȘıȦıIJȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑ
ȆȐȞȦıIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮ
ȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮ
ĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮȝİȝȚĮȠįȠȞIJȠȖȜȣijȓįĮȒȝİ
ȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚ
ǼȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢȠȚȠʌȑȢIJȠȣ
įȚıțȠİȚįȠȪȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣ-
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓıIJİ
ȖȐȞIJȚĮȒʌİIJıȑIJİȢțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢȄİȕȚįȫıIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ĮʌȩIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮȕȠȣȡIJıȐțȚ
ȒȝȚĮțĮȡijȓIJıĮțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȚȢijȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢȠʌȑȢIJȠȣ
įȚıțȠİȚįȠȪȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
ǾijȜȐȞIJȗĮİȓȞĮȚțȠȝȝȑȞȘȒ
țĮȝȑȞȘ ǹȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJȒıIJİIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮ
ǾțĮȡȐijĮįİȞİȓȞĮȚțĮȜȐ
ȕȚįȦȝȑȞȘıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ ǺȚįȫıIJİțĮȜȐIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȂȘ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒȖȚĮȞĮȕȚįȫıİIJİIJȘȞ
țĮȡȐijĮ
ǻİȞȕȖĮȓȞİȚțĮijȑȢȒ
ȕȖĮȓȞİȚʌȠȜȪĮȡȖȐ ǼȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢȠȚȠʌȑȢIJȠȣ
įȚıțȠİȚįȠȪȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣ-
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓıIJİ
ȖȐȞIJȚĮȒʌİIJıȑIJİȢțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢȄİȕȚįȫıIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ĮʌȩIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮȕȠȣȡIJıȐțȚ
ȒȝȚĮțĮȡijȓIJıĮțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȚȢijȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢȠʌȑȢIJȠȣ
įȚıțȠİȚįȠȪȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
ȆȠȜȪȜİʌIJȩȤĮȡȝȐȞȚ
ĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑ ǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȤĮȡȝȐȞȚĮțĮijȑ
ȤȠȞIJȡȩIJİȡȠȣȢțȩțțȠȣȢ
ȆȠȜȪʌȚİıȝȑȞȠȤĮȡȝȐȞȚ
țĮijȑ ǺȐȜIJİȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪ
DzȤȠȣȞİʌȚțĮșȒıİȚȐȜĮIJĮ
ıIJȠȞʌȣșȝȑȞĮIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮ ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮȐȜĮIJĮȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞ
ʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ©ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢª
104
EL
ȆȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ǹȚIJȓİȢ ǻȚȠȡșȦIJȚțȑȢİʌİȝȕȐıİȚȢ
ȅțĮijȑȢİȓȞĮȚ
ʌȠȜȪțȡȪȠȢȒʌȠȜȪ
³ȞİȡȠȣȜȩȢ´
ȋȠȞIJȡĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢțĮijȑȢ īȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİʌȣțȞȩIJİȡȠțĮȚʌȚȠȗİıIJȩțĮijȑ
ʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȑȞĮʌȚȠȥȚȜȠțȠȝȝȑȞȠ
ȤĮȡȝȐȞȚ
DzȤİIJİȕȐȜİȚȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒ
ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪ
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȕȐȗȠȞIJĮȢıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ
IJȘıȦıIJȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪȂȑȤȡȚIJȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȘȢ
ȕĮȜȕȓįĮȢĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢĮȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪȖȚĮIJȑııİȡĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮijȑ
ȀȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȘȢȕĮȜȕȓįĮȢĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢ
ĮȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȠįȚıțȠİȚįȑȢijȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮįȪȠ
ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮijȑǼȚț
ƥNJǂǕLjǔǖǔNjdžǖƿDŽNJǂǂǗǒǝDŽǂnjǂǃǒǂǔǕƿǒǂ
ȆȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ǹȚIJȓİȢ ǻȚȠȡșȦIJȚțȑȢİʌİȝȕȐıİȚȢ
ǾįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
șȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢțĮȚ
įȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮijȡȠȪ
ıIJĮȝĮIJȐİȚʌȡȩȦȡĮ
ȄİțȚȞȒıĮIJİȝȚĮįİȪIJİȡȘ
įȚİȡȖĮıȓĮșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢțĮȚ
įȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮijȡȠȪİȞȫȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒȒIJĮȞĮțȩȝĮȗİıIJȒ
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩ
ȜĮȝʌȐțȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
ijȦIJȓȗİIJĮȚȝʌȜİ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚ
ȣʌİȡijȠȡIJȚıȝȑȞȘ ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹįİȚȐıIJİȜȓȖȠ
ȖȐȜĮĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠțĮȚȟĮȞĮșȑıIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ
IJȘıȣıțİȣȒǻİȞʌȡȑʌİȚʌȠIJȑȞĮȟİʌİȡȞȐIJİIJȘȞ
ȑȞįİȚȟȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘȢıIJȐșȝȘȢ0$;
ȉȠȖȐȜĮ
ȗİıIJȐșȘțİĮȜȜȐ
įİįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȒșȘțİ
ĮijȡȩȢ
ȉȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮįİȞİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
IJȠȣʌȣșȝȑȞĮIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮ
ĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıȦıIJȐIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮ
ȉȠȖȐȜĮ
ȗİıIJȐșȘțİĮȜȜȐ
įİįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȒșȘțİ
ĮijȡȩȢȝİ
ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚȘIJȚțȩIJȡȩʌȠ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒșȘțİ
ĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮ ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮ
ĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠǼʌȚȜȑȟIJİIJȠțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮ
ȊʌȐȡȤȠȣȞĮțĮșĮȡıȓİȢıIJȠ
İȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȒıIJȠȞʌȣșȝȑȞĮ
IJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠțĮȚIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒțȐȞİȚ
ĮıȣȞȒșȚıIJȠșȩȡȣȕȠ ǹȞİʌĮȡțȒȢʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ
ȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢǹįİȚȐıIJİȜȓȖȠȖȐȜĮ
ĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠțĮȚȟĮȞĮșȑıIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒǻİȞʌȡȑʌİȚʌȠIJȑȞĮȟİʌİȡȞȐIJİIJȘȞ
ȑȞįİȚȟȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘȢıIJȐșȝȘȢ0$;
ȉȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮįİȞİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
IJȠȣʌȣșȝȑȞĮIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮ
ĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıȦıIJȐIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıȦıIJȐIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮ
ȉȠțĮʌȐțȚįİȞİȓȞĮȚțĮȜȐ
țȜİȚıIJȩıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ ȀȜİȓıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠțĮʌȐțȚıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
105
RU
ǿǼDzdzǾǴǮǻǶdzDzǮǻǻǼǷǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶǶ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɛɵɥɨɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨɜɩɨɥɧɨɦɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɹɦɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɧɨɪɦɢɜɫɟɟɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɡɚɳɢɬɨɣɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢɦɟɪɚɦɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɢɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɜɦɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬ-
ɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟȿɫɥɢɜɵɪɟɲɢɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɪɭɤɢɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɷɬɭɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ ɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɟɬ
ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɯ ɢ
ɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɬɨɤɨɦ
ɍɝɪɨɡɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɚɹɢɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ɆȿɊɕ ɉɊȿȾɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɈɋɌɂ
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɟɬ ɨ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɯ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɦ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɳɟɪɛɟ
Ɇɟɪɵɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ
ɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɟɬ ɨ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ
ɬɪɚɜɦɚɯɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɳɟɪɛɟ
ǻǮǵǻǮȅdzǻǶdzȁǿȀǾǼǷǿȀǰǮ
ȼɵɦɨɠɟɬɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɷɬɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟɩɨɞɨɝɪɟ-
ɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚɢɥɢɜɡɛɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣɩɟɧɵɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɞɥɹ
ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɥɸɛɵɯɞɪɭɝɢɯɜɢɞɨɜɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢɢɥɢɬɜɟɪɞɵɯɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɥɢɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯɰɟɥɹɯ
ɗɬɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɢɥɢ
ɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɫɧɢɦɢɤɚɤɬɨ
ɜɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɜɨɮɢɫɨɜɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɨɬ-
ɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ
ɧɚɮɟɪɦɚɯ
ɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɦɨɬɟɥɟɣɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣɠɢɥɨɝɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɜɦɟɫɬɚɯɬɢɩɚɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
Ʌɸɛɨɣɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨ-
ɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬɟɝɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɪɨɜɪɟɠɞɟ-
ɧɢɹɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɩɨ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɜɥɟɱɟɬɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɨɬɦɟɧɭɥɸɛɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
106
RU
ǼǿȀǮȀǼȅǻȉdzǾǶǿǸǶ
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɢɧ-
ɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚɡɚɳɢɬɚɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɨɬɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǽȞȓȒȡȝȞȓȔȒȓțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢȾɟɪɠɢɬɟɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɢɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪ
ɱɚɣɧɢɤɡɚɪɭɱɤɭ
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɪɢɫɤɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜɨɬɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɢɩɚɪɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɩɨ-
ɹɜɢɬɶɫɹɢɡɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɨɣɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɢɇɟɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɪɵɡɝɤɢɩɹɳɟɝɨɦɨɥɨɤɚɇɟɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɚɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹɤɢɩɟɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȞȖȥȖțȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȐȞȓȒȎ
Ƚɟɣɡɟɪɧɚɹɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɚɢɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɞɨɥɠɧɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɦɟɫɬɟɫ
ɛɚɡɨɣɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɣɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭ
ɢɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɧɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɥɢɝɚɡɨɜɨɣɩɥɢɬɟ
ǽǾǮǰǶǹǮȀdzȃǻǶǸǶǯdzǵǼǽǮǿǻǼǿȀǶ
ɊɀɋɀȿɊɀɋȽɖɇɃɌɊɉɆɗɂɉȽȻɈɃɀɇɊɋɃȼɉɋȻɈɀɉȼɐɉȿɃɇɉȽɈɃɇȻ-
ɍɀɆɗɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɍɗɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɎəɃɈɌɍɋɎɅɑɃə
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɬɤɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɟɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɣɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɩɪɢɟɝɨɨɬɫɵɥɤɟɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪ-
ɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (& ʋ ɨɬ
ɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɫɩɢɳɟɜɵɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȒșȭȒȓȠȓȗ
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɞɟɬɢɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɩɪɢɫɦɨ-
ɬɪɨɦɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɡɚɧɢɯɥɢɰɚɢɥɢɟɫɥɢɢɦɛɵɥɢɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɢɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɵɪɢɫɤɢɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚɢɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɵɞɟɬɹɦɧɟɦɥɚɞɲɟ
ɥɟɬɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɢɝɪɞɟɬɟɣɫɩɪɢɛɨ-
ɪɨɦ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɲɧɭɪɞɨɥɠɟɧɜɫɟɝɞɚɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɧɟɡɨɧɵɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹ
ɞɟɬɟɣɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɫɪɨɤɚɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɹɯɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɫɞɟɥɚɜɩɪɢ-
107
RU
ɛɨɪɧɟɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨ-
ɛɵɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɝɪɭɲɤɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɥɢɰɚɦɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢ-
ɦɢɢɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɧɟɭɦɟɸɳɢɦɢɢɥɢɧɟɩɪɨɛɨ-
ɜɚɜɲɢɦɢɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹɫɬɚɤɢɦɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɢɩɨɞ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɡɚɧɢɯɥɢɰɚɢɩɨɫɥɟɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɹɢɯɫɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɚɦɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɢɯɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɯɨɬ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɤɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɨ-
ɜɟɪɢɬɶɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɜɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɫɟɬɢɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦɭɧɚɢɧ-
ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɨɣɤɤɢɩɹɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɭ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɟɣɧɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɜɥɟɱɶɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɢɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɨɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɤɫɟɬɢɱɟɪɟɡɜɧɟɲɧɢɣɬɚɣɦɟɪɢɥɢɭɫɬɪɨɣ-
ɫɬɜɚɫɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ȿɫɥɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɬɨɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɥɸɛɵɯɪɢɫɤɨɜɨɧ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɥɢɛɨɫɚɦɢɦɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɥɢɛɨɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ
ɐɟɧɬɪɟɈɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɥɢɛɨɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ
ɂɡɛɟɝɚɣɬɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫɜɨɞɨɣɞɟɬɚɥɟɣɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɞɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦɜɨɡ-
ɦɨɠɧɨɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɧɭɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ȁȑȞȜȕȎȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȡȧȓȞȏȎȐȩȕȐȎțțȎȭȖțȩȚȖ
ȝȞȖȥȖțȎȚȖ
Ⱦɥɹɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɟɝɞɚɜɵɛɢɪɚɣɬɟɯɨ-
ɪɨɲɨɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɟɢɱɢɫɬɨɟɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɨɣɪɚɫ-
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɭɩɚɥ ɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵ ɹɜɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɨɡɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɩɨ-
ɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦɥɢɛɨɟɫɥɢɢɡɧɟɝɨɤɚɩɚɟɬɜɨɞɚɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ
ɧɟɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɟɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɫɞɟɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɥɸɛɨɝɨɪɢɫɤɚɜɫɟɪɟɦɨɧɬɵɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɡɚɦɟɧɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɩɢɬɚ-
ɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ
ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɢɥɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣȼɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɹɧɟɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹɋɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɫɹɤɚɹɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɨɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬɧɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ
108
RU
ǺȓȞȩȏȓȕȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȖȝȜȝȞȓȒȜȠȐȞȎȧȓțȖȬȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɱɚɫɬɹɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɟɝɨɪɚɛɨɬɵɢ
ɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɇɟɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢɢɥɢɬɪɹɩɤɢ
ɋɧɢɦɚɣɬɟɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɢɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɫɛɚɡɵɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɡɚ-
ɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɨɞɧɢɦɚɣɬɟɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɢɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɟɪɠɚɢɯɡɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɪɭɱɤɭ
ɉɟɪɟɞɱɢɫɬɤɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɤɚɤɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɟɝɨɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɶ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪ-
țȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ-
ɝɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɢɥɢɩɨɦɟɳɚɬɶɟɝɨ
ɜɛɥɢɡɢɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨɨɝɧɹɜɰɟɥɹɯɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɹɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɸɳɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɤɨɦ-
ɩɥɟɤɬɚɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢɋɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɛɚɡɚɜɫɟɝɞɚɛɵɥɚɜɱɢɫɬɨɦɢɫɭɯɨɦ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɱɚɫɬɹ-
ɦɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɜɨɞɭɫɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨɝɚɡɚ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
ɞɨɠɞɶɫɨɥɧɰɟɢɬɞ
ȼɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫȿɜɪɨ-
ɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɨɣ (8 ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬɨɤ
ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭ
ȃǾǮǻǶȀȊ ǻǮǿȀǼȍȇdzdz ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼ ǽǼ ȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮ-
ȄǶǶ
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdzǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɢɡɛɚɡɵɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɨɣɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɢɢɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨ-
ɝɨɱɚɣɧɢɤɚ
$Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟ
%Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɨ
&Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵ
'Ȼɚɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
109
RU
ȅȎȟȠȖȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȜȗȑȓȗȕȓȞțȜȗȘȜȢȓȐȎȞȘȖ
(ɉɚɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ
)Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɤɥɚɩɚɧ
*Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɚɧɚɱɟɬɵɪɟɱɚɲɤɢ
+Ⱦɢɫɤɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɞɥɹɞɜɭɯɱɚɲɟɤ
, ɍɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɤɨɥɶɰɨ
- Ⱦɢɫɤɨɜɵɣɮɢɥɶɬɪ
.Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ
/ Ɉɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɤɨɮɟ
0Ʉɪɵɲɤɚ
1Ɋɭɱɤɚ
ȅȎȟȠȖȘȎȝȡȥȖțȎȠȜȞȎȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȜȑȜȥȎȗțȖȘȎ
2Ʉɪɵɲɤɚ
3ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚɛɟɡɫɩɢɪɚɥɢ
4ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚɫɨɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɸ
5ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɥɶɞɚ
6Ɋɭɱɤɚ
7ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɭɪɨɜɧɹ
0$;ɞɥɹɜɫɬɚɜɤɢɛɟɡɫɩɢɪɚɥɢ
0$;ɞɥɹɜɫɬɚɜɤɢɫɨɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɸ
U - Ⱦɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɞɥɹɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ
ǶȒȓțȠȖȢȖȘȎȤȖȜțțȩȓȒȎțțȩȓ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɣɩɨɞɛɚɡɨɣɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɭɤɚɡɚɧɵɜɫɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢ-
ɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚȿɋ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɆɨɞ
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣʋ61
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟȼɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ:
ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɚɹɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɚɹɫɥɭɠɛɚɬɟɯɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɉɪɢɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɰɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɤɚɡɚɬɶɦɨ-
ɞɟɥɶɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
110
RU
ǽǼDzDZǼȀǼǰǶȀdzǹȊǻȉdzȂǮǵȉǽdzǾdzDzǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶdzǺ
ǽȜȒȑȜȠȜȐȘȎȘȫȘȟȝșȡȎȠȎȤȖȖ
Ɏɜɠɟɣɭɠɬɷɝɭɩɧɲɭɩɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɠɝɛɳɠɤɟɩɧɛɳɨɠɤɬɠɭɣɬɩɩɭɝɠɭɬɭɝɮɠɭɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɹ
ɮɥɛɢɛɨɨɩɧɮɨɛɭɛɜɦɣɲɥɠɬɭɠɰɨɣɲɠɬɥɣɧɣɟɛɨɨɶɧɣɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɜɫɟɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɨɦɨɣɬɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɫɥɟɞɭɹɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɫɹɜɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɱɬɨɛɵɞɟɬɹɦɛɵɥɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢ-
ɛɨɪɚɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɛɚɡɭɧɚɪɨɜɧɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɜɞɚɥɟɤɟɨɬɤɪɚɧɨɜɫɜɨɞɨɣɢɪɚɤɨɜɢɧ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǹdzǻǶdzǸǼȂdz
ǼȟȠȜȞȜȔțȜǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȜȠȞȎȐȚȩ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɩɨɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɜɨɞɨɣɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɫɧɹɬɨɦɫ
ɛɚɡɵɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȞȖȥȖțȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȐȞȓȒȎ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɛɟɡɜɨɞɵ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɜɨɞɚɧɟɩɨɩɚɥɚɜɧɭɬɪɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɂɡɛɟɝɚɣɬɟɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹɜɨɞɵ
ɜɧɭɬɪɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɧɚɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɝɨɪɹɱɭɸɢɥɢɤɢɩɹɳɭɸɜɨɞɭ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɢɡɩɨɞɤɪɚɧɚ
ɇɟɡɚɫɵɩɚɣɬɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭɬɨɥɶɤɨɦɨɥɨɬɵɣɤɨɮɟɢɧɢɱɟɝɨɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɗɬɨɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɢɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɝɟɣɡɟɪ-
ɧɭɸɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɹɱɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
Ɋɫɣɪɠɫɝɩɧɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɣɣɦɣɪɩɬɦɠɟɩɦɞɩɪɫɩɬɭɛɣɝɛɨɣɺɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɫɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɮɠɭɬɺ
ɪɫɩɪɮɬɭɣɭɷɲɠɫɠɢɨɠɞɩɰɩɭɺɜɶɩɟɨɮɪɩɫɱɣɹɥɩɯɠȽɶɧɩɤɭɠɣɝɶɭɫɣɭɠɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫɣ
ɩɬɭɛɦɷɨɶɠɛɥɬɠɬɬɮɛɫɶɈɛɞɫɠɝɛɭɠɦɷɣɦɣɜɛɢɮɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɧɶɭɷɨɠɦɷɢɺ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɚɨɫɬɵɥɚ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɸɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɫɛɚɡɵ
Ⱦɟɪɠɢɬɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ(ɨɞɧɨɣɪɭɤɨɣɢɞɪɭɝɨɣɨɬɤɪɭɱɢɜɚɣɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ.ɩɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟ-
ɧɢɸɩɪɨɬɢɜɱɚɫɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ*
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɜɨɞɨɣɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ)ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɜɢɞɟɧ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɊɢɫɍɪɨɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɵɧɟɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɜɵɲɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɥɚ-
ɩɚɧɚ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭɦɨɥɨɬɵɦɤɨɮɟɧɟɭɬɪɚɦɛɨɜɵɜɚɹɟɝɨɉɨɞɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɣɬɟɤɨɮɟ
ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɹɩɟɪɟɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɤɨɮɟɜɧɭ-
ɬɪɢɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɚɡɚɬɟɦɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨɫɧɢɦɢɬɟɟɝɨɢɡɥɢɲɤɢɫɤɪɚɟɜ
ɋɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɮɠɭɬɺɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɭɷɥɩɯɠɰɩɫɩɳɠɞɩɥɛɲɠɬɭɝɛɬɫɠɟɨɠɞɩɪɩɧɩɦɛɪɫɠɟɨɛɢɨɛ-
ɲɠɨɨɶɤɟɦɺɞɠɤɢɠɫɨɶɰɥɩɯɠɝɛɫɩɥ
111
RU
ɂɛɬɶɪɛɨɣɠɬɦɣɳɥɩɧɜɩɦɷɳɩɞɩɥɩɦɣɲɠɬɭɝɛɥɩɯɠɝɯɣɦɷɭɫɝɩɫɩɨɥɮ*ɧɩɡɠɭɪɫɣɝɠ-
ɬɭɣɥɭɩɧɮɲɭɩɜɮɟɠɭɭɫɮɟɨɩɪɦɩɭɨɩɪɫɣɥɫɮɭɣɭɷɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫ(ɥɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɭɠɦɹ.Ƚɩ
ɝɫɠɧɺɝɶɰɩɟɛɥɩɯɠɝɩɢɧɩɡɨɶɬɦɮɲɛɣɪɩɟɭɠɥɛɨɣɺɝɩɟɶɣɢɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɭɠɦɺɅɩɯɠɧɩɡɠɭ
ɝɶɭɠɥɛɭɷɨɠɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩ
ǽȞȓȒȡȝȞȓȔȒȓțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȜȔȜȑȜȐ
Ɂɚɤɪɭɬɢɬɟɩɥɨɬɧɟɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟɧɨɛɟɡɭɫɢɥɢɹɇɟɨɩɢɪɚɣɬɟɫɶɧɚɪɭɱɤɭ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɪɵɲɤɚɞɨɥɠɧɚɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɸɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɧɚɛɚɡɭ'Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟ$ɉɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢ-
ɤɚɬɨɪɡɚɤɨɝɪɢɬɫɹɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɰɜɟɬɨɦ
ɑɟɪɟɡɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɦɢɧɭɬɤɨɮɟɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɧɟɜɵɣɞɟɬɜɟɫɶɤɨɮɟɋɜɟ-
ɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟ$ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɦɢɝɚɬɶɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɱɚɣɧɭɸɥɨɠɤɭɞɥɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɮɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɹɟɝɨɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
Ɋɚɡɥɟɣɬɟɤɨɮɟɩɨɱɚɲɤɚɦ
Ɋɩɟɩɡɟɣɭɠɪɩɥɛɥɩɯɠɝɛɫɥɛɩɬɭɶɨɠɭɪɠɫɠɟɭɠɧɥɛɥɩɭɥɫɮɭɣɭɷɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɭɠɦɷɟɦɺɪɫɣ-
ɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɺɨɩɝɩɤɪɩɫɱɣɣɥɩɯɠȽɥɛɲɠɬɭɝɠɛɦɷɭɠɫɨɛɭɣɝɶɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɮɤɭɠɝɛɫɠɡɥɣɣɦɣ
ɪɫɣɰɝɛɭɥɣɝɩɣɢɜɠɡɛɨɣɠɫɣɬɥɛɪɩɦɮɲɠɨɣɺɩɡɩɞɩɝ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȞȖȥȖțȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȐȞȓȒȎ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɸɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɩɪɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵ
ɧɢɠɟ&ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɜɨɞɵɦɨɝɭɬɡɚɦɟɪɡɧɭɬɶɢɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǸȜȢȓțȎȒȐȓȥȎȦȘȖ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ(ɜɨɞɨɣɧɚɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭɊɢɫɧɟɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɹɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɥɚɩɚɧɚI
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ*ɧɚɱɟɬɵɪɟɱɚɲɤɢɜɧɭɬɪɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɮɟ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɱɚɲɤɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɞɢɫɤɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶ + ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɮɢɥɶ-
ɬɪɚɜɨɪɨɧɤɢɧɚɱɟɬɵɪɟɱɚɲɤɢɊɢɫ
Ⱦɚɥɟɟɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢɡɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɤɨɮɟ
Ɋɫɣɲɣɨɩɤɭɩɞɩɲɭɩɥɩɯɠ ɨɠɝɶɰɩɟɣɭ ɧɩɡɠɭɜɶɭɷ ɢɛɬɩɫɠɨɣɠɯɣɦɷɭɫɛ ɉɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɠ
ɪɩɟɛɲɮɥɩɯɠɣɪɩɟɩɡɟɣɭɠɪɩɥɛɪɫɣɜɩɫɩɬɭɶɨɠɭɊɩɲɣɬɭɣɭɷɟɠɫɡɛɭɠɦɷɯɣɦɷɭɫɛɫɮɥɩ-
ɝɩɟɬɭɝɮɺɬɷɣɨɬɭɫɮɥɱɣɺɧɣɣɢɦɩɡɠɨɨɶɧɣɝɬɩɩɭɝɠɭɬɭɝɮɹɴɠɧɫɛɢɟɠɦɠ
ȂȡțȘȤȖȭȝȜȒȒȓȞȔȎțȖȭȠȓȝșȎ
ȿɫɥɢɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɸɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɧɚɛɚɡɟɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɬɟɩɥɚɗɬɨ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɤɨɮɟɬɟɩɥɵɦɎɭɤɧɰɢɹɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɬɟɩɥɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦɢ-
ɧɭɬ
112
RU
ǸǮǸǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮȀȊǸǮǽȁȅǶǻǮȀǼǾȋǹdzǸȀǾǶȅdzǿǸǶǷȅǮǷǻǶǸ
ǼȟȠȜȞȜȔțȜǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȜȠȞȎȐȚȩ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɩɨɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸɢɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɸɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɪɢɫɧɹɬɨɦɫɛɚɡɵɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɢɭɪɨɜɧɹɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ0,10$;ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɜɧɭ-
ɬɪɢɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚȾɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɞɧɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɜɫɟɝɞɚɩɨɤɪɵɬɦɨɥɨɤɨɦ
ɢɥɢɜɨɞɨɣɉɪɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɦɨɥɨɤɚɢɥɢɜɨɞɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɦɨɠɟɬɩɟɪɟɝɪɟ-
ɜɚɬɶɫɹɇɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɵɲɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɜɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɸ
ɦɨɥɨɤɚɢɥɢɜɨɞɵɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȞȖȥȖțȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȐȞȓȒȎ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɛɟɡɦɨɥɨɤɚɢɥɢɜɨɞɵ
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɹɣɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɱɚɣɧɢɤɚɬɨɥɶɤɨɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɦɦɨɥɨ-
ɤɨɦɢɥɢɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɱɚɣɧɢɤɩɭɫɬɵɦɢɛɟɡɦɨɥɨɤɚɢɥɢ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɥɢɜɚɬɶɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɢɥɢɬɟɩɥɭɸɜɨɞɭ
Ɋɫɣɪɠɫɝɩɧɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɣɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɨɠɩɜɰɩɟɣɧɩɪɫɩɥɣɪɺɭɣɭɷɝɨɠɧɨɠɧɨɩɞɩɝɩɟɶ
ɉɪɩɫɩɡɨɣɭɠɣɬɪɩɦɩɬɨɣɭɠɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫɊɩɝɭɩɫɣɭɷɸɭɮɩɪɠɫɛɱɣɹɟɝɛɣɦɣɭɫɣɫɛɢɛ
Ƚɩɝɫɠɧɺɪɠɫɝɩɞɩɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɧɩɡɠɭɪɩɺɝɣɭɷɬɺɦɠɞɥɣɤɢɛɪɛɰɀɞɩɪɫɣɲɣ-
ɨɩɤɺɝɦɺɠɭɬɺɣɬɪɛɫɠɨɣɠɬɧɛɢɥɣɨɠɥɩɭɩɫɶɰɟɠɭɛɦɠɤɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɘɭɩɺɝɦɠɨɣɠɨɠɟɩɦɡɨɩ
ɝɶɢɶɝɛɭɷɜɠɬɪɩɥɩɤɬɭɝɩɣɬɥɩɫɩɣɬɲɠɢɨɠɭ
Ƚɩɢɧɩɡɨɩɬɭɷɩɟɨɩɝɫɠɧɠɨɨɩɤɫɛɜɩɭɶɞɠɤɢɠɫɨɩɤɥɩɯɠɝɛɫɥɣɣɥɛɪɮɲɣɨɛɭɩɫɛɸɦɠɥɭɫɣ-
ɲɠɬɥɩɞɩɲɛɤɨɣɥɛ
ǸǮǸǰǿǽdzǻǶȀȊǺǼǹǼǸǼ
ǰȩȏȓȞȖȠȓȐȟȠȎȐȘȡ
Ⱦɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɣɩɟɧɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɜɫɬɚɜɤɭɫɨɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɸ
Ⱦɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɩɟɧɵɢɥɢɜɩɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɦɨɥɨɤɚɜɨɡɶɦɢɬɟɜɫɬɚɜɤɭɛɟɡɫɩɢɪɚɥɢ
ɑɬɨɛɵɜɫɬɚɜɤɢɧɟɩɨɬɟɪɹɥɢɫɶɢɯɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɜɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɞɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɦ
ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɢɧɚɧɢɠɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɤɪɵɲɤɢɊɢɫ
ǻȎșȓȗȠȓȚȜșȜȘȜ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɫɨɨɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɜɫɬɚɜɤɭɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɞɧɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ
113
RU
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟ ɦɨɥɨɤɨ ɞɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɪɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɟ0$;
0$;ɞɥɹɜɫɬɚɜɤɢɫɨɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɸ
0$;ɞɥɹɜɫɬɚɜɤɢɛɟɡɫɩɢɪɚɥɢ
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɨɣ
ǰȕȏȓȗȠȓȖȝȜȒȜȑȞȓȗȠȓȚȜșȜȘȜ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɱɚɣɧɢɤɧɚɛɚɡɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɫɩɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚ%ɨɞɢɧɪɚɡɉɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚ-
ɬɨɪɡɚɤɨɝɪɢɬɫɹɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɰɜɟɬɨɦ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɱɧɟɬɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɦɨɥɨɤɨɢɜɡɛɢɜɚɬɶɩɟɧɭ
ɉɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɜɫɬɚɜɤɢɫɨɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɸɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɜɫɩɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚɞɥɢɬɫɹɨɤɨɥɨɦɢ-
ɧɭɬ
ɉɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɜɫɬɚɜɤɢɛɟɡɫɩɢɪɚɥɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɜɫɩɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚɞɥɢɬɫɹɨɤɨɥɨɦɢɧɭɬ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹɢ ɜɡɛɢɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɨ%ɧɚɱɧɟɬɦɢɝɚɬɶ
ǽȞȓȒȡȝȞȓȔȒȓțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɇɟɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɪɵɡɝɤɢɩɹ-
ɳɟɝɨɦɨɥɨɤɚ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɥɫɹɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɫɧɢɦɚɬɶɟɝɨɫɛɚɡɵ
Ⱦɟɪɠɢɬɟɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɱɚɣɧɢɤɬɨɥɶɤɨɡɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɪɭɱɤɭɋɧɢɦɢɬɟ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɫɛɚɡɵ
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɜɱɚɲɤɭ
Ɋɩɬɦɠɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ ɨɠɧɠɟɦɠɨɨɩɪɩɧɩɤɭɠ ɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫɣ ɝɬɭɛɝɥɮɬɦɠɟɺ ɢɛ
ɭɠɧɲɭɩɜɶɧɩɦɩɥɩɨɠɢɛɬɶɰɛɦɩɝɨɮɭɫɣ
ǰȕȏȖȐȎțȖȭȣȜșȜȒțȜȑȜȚȜșȜȘȎ
ɌɚɤɠɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɜɡɛɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɛɟɡɟɝɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚȾɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɦɹɝɤɨɣɢɧɟɠɧɨɣɩɟɧɵ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɫɬɚɜɤɭɫɨɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɸ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɨ%ɢɞɟɪɠɢɬɟɟɟɜɧɚɠɚɬɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹ-
ɧɢɢɨɤɨɥɨɫɟɤɭɧɞɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪɩɨɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɩɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɦɨɥɨɤɨɉɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸ-
ɱɢɬɫɹɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɫɹɝɨɥɭɛɵɦɫɜɟɬɨɦ
ɑɟɪɟɡɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɦɢɧɭɬɵɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɜɡɛɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɬɫɹɋɜɟ-
ɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɨ%ɧɚɱɧɟɬɦɢɝɚɬɶ
ǽȞȓȞȩȐȎțȖȓȖșȖȕȎȐȓȞȦȓțȖȓȞȎțȪȦȓȟȞȜȘȎȝȞȜȤȓȟȟȎțȎȑȞȓȐȎțȖȭȖ
ȐȕȏȖȐȎțȖȭȚȜșȜȘȎ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɨ%ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɨɝɚɫɧɟɬ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɹɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɢɜɫɩɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɟɳɟɪɚɡɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɨ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟɫɥɢɯɨɬɢɬɟɧɚɝɪɟɬɶɢɥɢɜɡɛɢɬɶɦɨɥɨɤɨ
114
RU
ɞɨɥɝɨɟɫɥɢɯɨɬɢɬɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɡɛɢɬɶɦɨɥɨɤɨɛɟɡɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ǸǮǸǽǼDzǼDZǾdzȀȊǰǼDzȁ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɢɡɩɨɞɤɪɚɧɚɞɨɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɂɛɪɫɠɴɛɠɭɬɺɪɫɠɝɶɳɛɭɷɧɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɶɤɮɫɩɝɠɨɷ
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɨɣ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɱɚɣɧɢɤɧɚɛɚɡɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ǸȎȘȐȟȘȖȝȭȠȖȠȪȐȜȒȡ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵ&ɨɞɢɧɪɚɡɉɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ
ɡɚɤɨɝɪɢɬɫɹɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɰɜɟɬɨɦ
ǸȎȘȝȜȒȜȑȞȓȠȪȐȜȒȡȒȜ&
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵ&ɢɞɟɪɠɢɬɟɟɟɜɧɚɠɚɬɨɣɨɤɨɥɨɫɟɤɭɧɞɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪ
ɩɨɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɧɚɱɧɟɬɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɜɨɞɭɉɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɡɚɝɨɪɢɬ-
ɫɹɠɟɥɬɵɦɫɜɟɬɨɦ
Ʉɨɝɞɚɜɨɞɚɧɚɝɪɟɟɬɫɹɞɨɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɋɜɟɬɨ-
ɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵ&ɧɚɱɧɟɬɦɢɝɚɬɶ
ǽȞȓȒȡȝȞȓȔȒȓțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɇɟɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɭɤɢɩɹɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟ-
ɧɢɹɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɥɫɹɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɫɧɢɦɚɬɶɟɝɨɫɛɚɡɵ
Ⱦɟɪɠɢɬɟɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɱɚɣɧɢɤɬɨɥɶɤɨɡɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɪɭɱɤɭɋɧɢɦɢɬɟ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɫɛɚɡɵ
ɇɚɥɢɬɶɜɨɞɭɜɱɚɲɤɢ
ɉɨɫɥɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɵɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɨɫɬɚɜɲɭɸɫɹɜɱɚɣɧɢɤɟɜɨɞɭ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɧɚɱɚɬɶɧɨɜɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɞɢɦɨɩɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞɱɬɨɛɵɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɦɨɝɥɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ
Ɋɫɣɬɮɭɬɭɝɣɠɥɛɪɠɦɠɥɝɩɟɶɪɩɟɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫɩɧɬɩɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɩɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɩɠɺɝɦɠɨɣɠɸɭɩ
ɭɩɦɷɥɩɥɩɨɟɠɨɬɛɭ
ǸǮǸǰȉǸǹȌȅǶȀȊǽǾǶǯǼǾ
ȿɫɥɢɧɟɛɵɥɚɧɚɠɚɬɚɧɢɨɞɧɚɤɧɨɩɤɚɢɧɟɝɨɪɢɬɧɢɨɞɢɧɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɡɧɚɱɢɬɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɜɫɟɝɞɚɜɵɧɢɦɚɬɶɲɧɭɪɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ǵȎȧȖȠȎȜȠȝȓȞȓȑȞȓȐȎ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɨɦɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟɛɟɡɦɨɥɨɤɚɢɥɢɜɨɞɵɬɨɱɟɪɟɡɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɨɧɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɫɚɦɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɹɹɫɟɛɹɨɬɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɧɚɱɚɬɶɧɨɜɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɞɢɦɨɩɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɟɤɭɧɞɱɬɨɛɵɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɝɥɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ
115
RU
ǼȅǶǿȀǸǮǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
ǼȟȠȜȞȜȔțȜǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȜȠȞȎȐȚȩ
Ʌɸɛɵɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɨɥɠɧɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɩɨɥɧɨɦɟɝɨɜɵ-
ɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢɢɡɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȞȖȥȖțȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȐȞȓȒȎ
ɋɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɜɫɟɯɩɪɚɜɢɥɩɨɭɯɨɞɭɢɱɢɫɬɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɛɭɞɟɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚ-
ɧɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ
ɫɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚɪɢɫɤɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɤɢɩɢ
ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɵɬɶɟ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɟ ɇɟɥɶɡɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɩɪɹɦɵɟɫɬɪɭɢɜɨɞɵ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɨɣɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɢɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɱɚɣɧɢɤɚɢɥɢɛɚɡɵɫɜɨɞɨɣɇɟɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɣɬɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɨɡ-
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢɈɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟɡɚɳɢɬɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɨɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹɧɚɧɢɯɛɪɵɡɝɜɨɞɵ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɥɸɛɵɯɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɯɢɥɢɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǽȞȓȒȡȝȞȓȔȒȓțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȜȔȜȑȜȐ
Ʌɸɛɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ
ɨɫɬɵɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȏȎȕȩȝȞȖȏȜȞȎ
Ȼɚɡɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɢɇɟɫɬɨɢɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟɦɨɸɳɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɢɥɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȑȓȗȕȓȞțȜȗȘȜȢȓȐȎȞȘȖ
ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɦɨɠɧɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɢɇɟɫɬɨɢɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟ
ɦɨɸɳɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɢɥɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ
Ʉɨɝɞɚɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɟɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɭ,ɢɞɢɫɤɨɜɵɣɮɢɥɶɬɪ-ɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɥɢɡɚɦɟɧɵɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɩɨ-
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢɱɬɨɜɫɬɚɜɢɥɢɢɯɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɧɟɡɚɫɨɪɹɥɢɫɶɢɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɱɢ-
ɳɚɣɬɟɢɯɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɳɟɬɨɱɤɢɊɢɫ
ȿɫɥɢɧɚɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɤɨɥɶɰɟɢɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɟɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢɢɡɧɨɫɚɢɥɢɩɨ-
ɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɡɚɦɟɧɟ Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɧɵɟ
ɞɟɬɚɥɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ
ȁȒȎșȓțȖȓȖȕȐȓȟȠȘȜȐȜȑȜțȎșȓȠȎȖȕțȎȑȞȓȐȎȠȓșȭ
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦɩɨɫɥɟɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɪɚ-
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɞɧɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɨɝɨɧɚɥɟɬɚɷɬɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɭɜɟ-
ɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɮɟ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɭɞɚɥɹɬɶɧɚɥɟɬɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨ-
ɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹɜɩɪɨɞɚɠɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɞɥɹɞɟɤɥɶɰɢɮɢɰɢɪɨ-
ɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɥɢɦɨɧɧɭɸɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ
Ⱦɥɹɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɚɨɫɬɵɥɚɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɬɨɝɞɚɪɚɡɜɢɧɢɬɟɟɟ
116
RU
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɞɥɹɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɩɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɥɱɚɫɚ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɨɱɢɫɬɢɥɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ȿɛɨɨɛɺɩɪɠɫɛɱɣɺɟɩɦɡɨɛɪɫɩɝɩɟɣɭɷɬɺɭɩɦɷɥɩɪɫɣɬɩɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɩɰɩɦɩɟɨɩɧɬɨɺɭɩɧɬ
ɜɛɢɶɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɭɠɦɠ
ɑɟɪɟɡɩɨɥɱɚɫɚɭɞɚɥɢɬɟɢɡɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɱɢɫɬɹɳɟɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɱɬɨɛɵɧɚɞɧɟ
ɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɨɫɶɧɚɥɟɬɚɡɚɬɟɦɨɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɢɡɧɭɬɪɢɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɬɶ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɜɜɨɞɭ
ɋɞɟɥɚɣɬɟɩɨɤɚɪɚɣɧɟɣɦɟɪɟɬɪɢɤɨɮɟɢɜɵɥɟɣɬɟɟɝɨ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɹɧɟɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɧɚɤɢɩɢ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȘȎȝȡȥȖțȎȠȜȞȎȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȜȑȜȥȎȗțȖȘȎ
Ɋɩɬɦɠɥɛɡɟɩɞɩɪɫɩɱɠɬɬɛɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɨɣɺɣɝɢɜɣɝɛɨɣɺɧɩɦɩɥɛɨɠɩɜɰɩɟɣɧɩɬɫɛɢɮɡɠɪɫɩɣɢ-
ɝɠɬɭɣɲɣɬɭɥɮɠɧɥɩɬɭɣɝɩɣɢɜɠɡɛɨɣɠɢɛɬɶɰɛɨɣɺɧɩɦɩɥɛɝɨɮɭɫɣɨɠɞɩ
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɜɫɬɚɜɤɭɢɡɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ
ɉɨɦɨɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭ2ɢɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ43ɬɟɩɥɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɫɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɞɥɹɦɵɬɶɹɩɨɫɭɞɵ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɦɵɬɶɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɦɨɥɨɤɚ5ɬɟɩɥɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɨɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɫɬɨɪɨ-
ɧɵɫɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɦɨɸɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɵɯɦɚɲɢɧ
Ɍɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɪɨɫɭɲɢɬɶɜɫɟɱɚɫɬɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɫɬɚɪɚɹɫɶɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɩɹɬɟɧ
ȁȒȎșȓțȖȓȖȕȐȓȟȠȘȜȐȜȑȜțȎșȓȠȎȖȕȞȓȕȓȞȐȡȎȞȎ
ɋɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɜɫɟɯɩɪɚɜɢɥɩɨɭɯɨɞɭɢɱɢɫɬɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɛɭɞɟɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɫɜɟɫɬɢɞɨ
ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚɪɢɫɤɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɤɢɩɢȿɫɥɢɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɷɬɨɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɧɨɪɦɚɥɶ-
ɧɨɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɛɭɞɟɬɜɫɟɠɟɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɨɢɡɡɚɱɚɫɬɨɝɨɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ
ɢɫɢɥɶɧɨɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɨɞɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɩɨ
ɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɥɹɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɷɬɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹɜɩɪɨɞɚɠɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɞɥɹɞɟɤɥɶɰɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɥɢɦɨɧ-
ɧɭɸɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ
ǰȉǰǼDzǶǵȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɟɝɨɢɡɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɈɬɫɨɟɞɢ-
ɧɢɬɶɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɨɬɫɟɬɢ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɨɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢɫɪɨɤɚɟɝɨɫɥɭɠɛɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɞɪɭɝɨɬɞɪɭɝɚɟɝɨɱɚɫɬɢɢɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶɢɯɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɸɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɢɩɨɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɢɡ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɨɧɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɫɬɪɚɧɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
117
RU
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȁǿȀǾǮǻdzǻǶȌǻdzǸǼȀǼǾȉȃǽǾǼǯǹdzǺ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɪɚɡɭɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶȼɵɧɭɬɶɲɧɭɪ
ɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɉɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɩɨɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɫɬɵɧɟɬȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵɢɫɩɨɥɶ-
ɡɭɣɬɟɜɚɪɟɠɤɢɢɥɢɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɪɢɫɤɚɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ
DzșȭȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȜȗȑȓȗȕȓȞțȜȗȘȜȢȓȐȎȞȘȖ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɍɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
Ʉɨɮɟɧɟɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ȼɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɜɨɞɚ ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɧɚɥɢɜɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɨɞɵ
Ʉɨɮɟɜɵɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɡɚɛɨɪɬɢɤɢ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ
ɛɵɥɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɦɧɨɝɨɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ɱɬɨɧɟɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨɩɥɨɬɧɨ
ɩɪɢɤɪɭɬɢɬɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɤ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɭ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɩɨɥɨɠɢɜɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ɇɚɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɤɨɥɶɰɟ
ɨɫɬɚɥɢɫɶɢɡɥɢɲɤɢɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨ
ɤɨɮɟ
Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɱɢɫɬɤɭɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɥɶɰɚ
ɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɥɢɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɨɣɝɭɛɤɢ
ɇɚɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ-
ɡɚɫɨɪɢɥɢɫɶɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɜɚɪɟɠɤɢɢɥɢɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢɈɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɨɬɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɡɚɫɨɪɢɜɲɢɟɫɹɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɪɢ
ɩɨɦɨɳɢɳɟɬɨɱɤɢɢɥɢɛɭɥɚɜɤɢɊɢɫ
ɍɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɤɨɥɶɰɨ
ɩɨɬɟɦɧɟɥɨɢɥɢɩɨɪɜɚɥɨɫɶ Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɤɨɥɶɰɨ
Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɛɵɥɧɟɫɨɜɫɟɦ
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɩɪɢɤɪɭɱɟɧɤ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɸ
ɉɪɢɤɪɭɬɢɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɤɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɸ
ɩɨɩɥɨɬɧɟɟɇɟɨɩɢɪɚɣɬɟɫɶɧɚɪɭɱɤɭ
ɉɨɞɚɱɚɤɨɮɟ
ɧɟɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɢɥɢɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
ɇɚɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ-
ɡɚɫɨɪɢɥɢɫɶɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɜɚɪɟɠɤɢɢɥɢɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢɈɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɨɬɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɡɚɫɨɪɢɜɲɢɟɫɹɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɪɢ
ɩɨɦɨɳɢɳɟɬɨɱɤɢɢɥɢɛɭɥɚɜɤɢɊɢɫ
ɉɨɦɨɥɤɨɮɟɣɧɨɣɫɦɟɫɢ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɟɥɤɢɣ ɉɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɣɧɭɸɫɦɟɫɶ
ɛɨɥɟɟɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨɩɨɦɨɥɚ
Ʉɨɮɟɣɧɚɹɫɦɟɫɶ
ɫɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧɚɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɫɢɥɶɧɨ
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɮɟ
ɇɚɞɧɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɫɹɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɵɣ
ɧɚɥɟɬ
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɵɣɧɚɥɟɬɫɥɟɞɭɹ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢɡɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
118
RU
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɍɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
Ʉɨɮɟɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɜɨɞɹɧɢɫɬɵɦɢ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɦ
Ʉɨɮɟɣɧɚɹɫɦɟɫɶɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨɩɨɦɨɥɚ Ⱦɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɟɟɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɢ
ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨɤɨɮɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɦɟɫɶ
ɛɨɥɟɟɬɨɧɤɨɝɨɩɨɦɨɥɚ
Ȼɵɥɨɧɚɥɢɬɨɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɵ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɧɚɥɢɜɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɨɞɵȾɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɥɚɩɚɧɚɜɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɨɪɨɧɤɢɧɚɱɟɬɵɪɟ
ɱɚɲɤɢȾɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɩɨɞɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ
ɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɚ
ɧɚɞɜɟɱɚɲɤɢɊɢɫ
DzșȭȘȎȝȡȥȖțȎȠȜȞȎȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȜȑȜȥȎȗțȖȘȎ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɍɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɜɡɛɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚ
ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɧɶɲɟɱɟɦɧɭɠɧɨ
Ȼɵɥɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɜɬɨɪɨɣɰɢɤɥ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɢɥɢɜɫɩɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɳɟɧɟɨɫɬɵɥ
ɉɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɩɨɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɫɬɵɧɟɬ
ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɡɚɝɨɪɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɢɧɢɦɫɜɟɬɨɦ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɠɟɧ Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɦɨɥɨɤɚɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɭ0$;
Ɇɨɥɨɤɨɧɚɝɪɟɥɨɫɶ
ɧɨɧɟɜɫɩɟɧɢɥɨɫɶ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɧɚɞɧɟ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɜɫɬɚɜɤɭ
Ɇɨɥɨɤɨɧɚɝɪɟɥɨɫɶ
ɧɨɧɟɜɫɩɟɧɢɥɨɫɶ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
Ȼɵɥɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ
ɧɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɚɹɜɫɬɚɜɤɚ Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪȼɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɭɸɜɫɬɚɜɤɭ
ɇɚɜɫɬɚɜɤɟɢɥɢɧɚɞɧɟ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɝɪɹɡɶ
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɢɜɫɬɚɜɤɭ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɢɡɞɚɟɬ
ɧɟɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ
ɲɭɦɚ
ȼɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɦɨɥɨɤɚ Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɫɛɚɡɵɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɥɨɤɚɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɢɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶɨɬɦɟɬɤɭ0$;
ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɧɚɞɧɟ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɜɫɬɚɜɤɭɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ
ɜɫɬɚɜɤɭ
Ʉɪɵɲɤɚɧɟɩɥɨɬɧɨ
ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɚɧɚ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɨɣ
119
RU
Ⱦɚɬɚɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ61ZN\UDEFGHIJ
ɝɞɟZN±ɧɟɞɟɥɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
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DEFGHIJ±ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɈɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɧɢɡɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨ-
ɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɚɜɝɭɫɬɚɝɨɞɚ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜªɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟ-
ɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɞɟɤɚɛɪɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟ-
ɥɢɹ
%aȽɰȼɬɄɥɚɫɫ,±,3;
ɋɞɟɥɚɧɨɜɄɢɬɚɟ
ɂɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɈɈɈ©Ɇɟɞɢɚɬɟɯª
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɢɰɚɋɚɞɨɜɚɹɌɪɢɭɦɮɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɦɫɬɪɨɟ-
ɧɢɟɉɈɆ,ɄɈɆ
ɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɍɫɚɱɟɜɚɞɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɨɦ,,ɤɨɦ
?ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ'H¶/RQJKL$SSOLDQFHV6UO©ȾɟɥɨɧɝɢȺɩɩɥɚɟɧɫɢɫɋɊɅªȺɞɪɟɫɂɬɚɥɢɹ
ɎɥɨɪɟɧɰɢɹɄɚɦɩɢȻɢɡɟɧɰɢɨȼɢɚɋɄɭɢɪɢɤɨ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɣɢɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɦɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɫɚɣɬɟKWWSZZZDULHWHQHWUXDVVLVWDQFH
Ƚɨɪɹɱɚɹɥɢɧɢɹ$ULHWH
Ɍɨɜɚɪɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟɢɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸɧɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɦɟɫɬɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɣɫɪɨɤɝɨɞɚɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟ-
ɥɢɹ
120
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ǽǾǼȄdzǷǽǼǿǥǯǻǶǸ
ɉɨɩɪɢɬɟɳɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɨʀɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɿɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɞɨɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɯɞɿɸɱɢɯɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯɫɬɚɧ-
ɞɚɪɬɿɜɬɚɦɚɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɭɜɫɿɯɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɢɯɦɿɫɰɹɯɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɭɜɚɠɧɨɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢ
ɡɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɧɟɳɚɫ-
ɧɢɯɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜɬɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɁɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɰɟɣɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɞɥɹɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿɣɭ
ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭɁɚɧɚɦɿɪɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢɰɟɣɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɿɧɲɨɦɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɭɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɫɭ-
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ȱɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ ɭ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢ ɹɤɿ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣ ɇȿȻȿɁɉȿɄȺɉɨɩɟɪɟɞɠɚɽɩɪɨɦɨɠɥɢɜɿ
ɬɹɠɤɿɬɪɚɜɦɢɬɚɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɭɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɭ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɚɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɨɸ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ
ɿɧɲɢɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ɁȺɋɌȿɊȿɀȿɇɇə ɉɨɩɟɪɟɞɠɚɽ ɩɪɨ
ɬɪɚɜɦɢɿɬɹɠɤɿɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɛɢɬɤɢ
Ɂɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɨɩɿɤɢ
ɍɜɚɝɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɛɢɬɤɢ ɍȼȺȽȺ ɉɨɩɟɪɟɞɠɚɽ ɩɪɨ ɥɟɝɤɿ ɬɪɚɜɦɢ ɿ
ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɛɢɬɤɢ
ǽǾǶǵǻǮȅdzǻǻȍ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɚɜɢ ɩɿɞɿɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ
ɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɦɨɥɨɱɧɨʀɩɿɧɤɢɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɿɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɿɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
ɚɛɨɬɜɟɪɞɿɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɞɥɹɞɨɦɚɲɧɶɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ɧɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɤɨɦɟɪɰɿɣɧɨɝɨɚɛɨɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɐɟɣɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɭɦɨɜɚɯɬɚɜɭɦɨ-
ɜɚɯɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɯɞɨɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɚɫɚɦɟ
ɧɚɤɭɯɧɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɿɜɨɮɿɫɿɜɬɚɭɿɧɲɢɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯɡɚɤɥɚ-
ɞɚɯ
ɭɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɤɥɿɽɧɬɚɦɢɝɨɬɟɥɿɜɦɨɬɟɥɿɜɬɚɿɧɲɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɠɢ-
ɜɚɧɧɹ
ɭɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯɬɢɩɭEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɢɜɛɭɞɶɹɤɟɿɧɲɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɰɶɨɝɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɰɟ
ɡɜɿɥɶɧɹɽɣɨɝɨɜɿɞɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿɡɚɡɛɢɬɤɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭɫɩɪɢɱɢ-
ɧɟɧɿɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɇɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢ-
ɫɬɪɨɸɫɤɚɫɨɜɭɽɝɚɪɚɧɬɿɸɭɜɫɿɯʀʀɩɪɨɹɜɚɯ
121
UA
ǵǮǹǶȆǸǼǰǥǾǶǵǶǸǶ
Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɩɪɨɹɤɢɣɣɞɟɬɶɫɹɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶɡɚɯɢ-
ɫɬɢɬɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɜɿɞɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɨɧɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȜȝȳȘȳȐ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɡɝɚɪɹɱɢɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɦɢȿɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɬɚɤɚɩɭɱɿ-
ɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɫɥɿɞɛɪɚɬɢɡɚɪɭɱɤɭ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚ ɨɩɿɤɿɜ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯ ɛɪɢɡɤɚɦɢ ɝɚɪɹɱɨʀ ɜɨɞɢ ɿ ɩɚɪɢ ɹɤɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢ ɡ
ɨɬɜɨɪɿɜɩɨɞɚɱɿɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɨʀɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɢɇɟɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿ
ɧɚɩɨɸ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɛɪɢɡɨɤɤɢɩɥɹɱɨɝɨɦɨɥɨɤɚɇɟɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɚɩɨɤɢɦɨɥɨɤɨ
ɤɢɩɢɬɶ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȖȣȕȏȖȠȘȳȐ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɿɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɩɿɞ-
ɫɬɚɜɤɨɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɿɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭ
ɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɿɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɧɚɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɢɯɩɥɢɬɤɚɯɬɚɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɢɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɯ
ǵǮǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǻȍǵǯdzǵǽdzǸǶ
ɎȽȻɁɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɄɍɀȲɈɌɍɋɎɅɑȲȳɊɀɋɀȿɊɉɒȻɍɅɉɇȽɃɅɉɋɃɌɍȻɈɈɚ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɭɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɿɫɟɪ-
ɜɿɫɧɿɩɨɫɥɭɝɢɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɩɨɥɨɦɨɤɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɸ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɸɜɢɪɨɛɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɨȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨɝɨ
ɰɟɧɬɪɭ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɭȯɋʋɜɿɞɳɨɞɨɦɚɬɟ-
ɪɿɚɥɿɜɹɤɿɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɸɬɶɡɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȒșȭȒȳȠȓȗ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɪɨɤɿɜɬɿɥɶɤɢɹɤɳɨɜɨɧɢɩɟ-
ɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨʀɨɫɨɛɢɚɛɨɹɤɳɨɩɪɨɣɲɥɢɿɧɫɬɪɭɤ-
ɬɚɠ ɳɨɞɨ ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ ɬɚ ɭɫɜɿɞɨɦɥɸɸɬɶ ɪɢɡɢɤɢ
ɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɿɡɣɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɿɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɛɨɤɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢ-
ɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɶɦɢɹɤɿɦɨɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜɬɚɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɋɥɿɞ-
ɤɭɣɬɟɳɨɛɞɿɬɢɧɟɝɪɚɥɢɫɹɡɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɬɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨ-
ɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜ
ȿɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɩɨɪɭɱɡɞɿɬɶɦɢɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɽ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɢɦɢɞɠɟɪɟɥɚɦɢɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ
ɍɪɚɡɿɹɤɳɨɰɟɣɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɭɬɢɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹɭ ɹɤɨɫɬɿɜɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ
ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɪɿɡɚɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧ-
ɧɹɄɪɿɦɬɨɝɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɩɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹɡɭɫɿɦɚɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɳɨɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢ-
122
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ɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɞɥɹɿɝɨɪ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȐȭȕȎțȎȕȓșȓȘȠȞȖȘȜȬ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɨɫɨɛɢɡɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢɦɢɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪ-
ɧɢɦɢɬɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɦɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɛɨɡɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦɞɨɫɜɿɞɨɦɿɡɧɚɧɧɹ-
ɦɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɹɤɳɨɜɨɧɢɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨʀɨɫɨɛɢɚɛɨ
ɹɤɳɨ ɩɪɨɣɲɥɢ ɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠ ɳɨɞɨ ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ ɬɚ
ɭɫɜɿɞɨɦɥɸɸɬɶɪɢɡɢɤɢɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɿɡɣɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɞɨɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶɳɨɧɚ-
ɩɪɭɝɚɳɨɜɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɹɤɚɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ
ɧɚɩɪɭɡɿɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɯɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɜɚɱɿɜɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɟɧɢɯɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦɩɪɢ-
ɫɬɪɨɸɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɡɛɢɬɤɿɜɚɛɨɩɨɠɟɠɿ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɠɢɜɢɬɢɫɹɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɯɬɚɣɦɟɪɿɜɚɛɨɡɚɞɨ-
ɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɨɤɪɟɦɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤɡɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɿɣɧɢɦɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ
əɤɳɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɢɣ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤ
ɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɚɛɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɡ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨɸ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿɽɸ ɳɨɛ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ
ɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɿɞ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɸɧɚɩɪɭɝɨɸ ɞɨɜɨɞɢ
ɦɨɠɟɜɢɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɤɨɪɨɬɤɟɡɚɦɢɤɚɧɧɹ
Ⱦɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɩɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɚɛɨ
ɱɢɫɬɤɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȦȘȜȒȔȓțȪȝȜȐȭȕȎțȖȣȕȳțȦȖȚȖȝȞȖȥȖ-
țȎȚȖ
Ɉɛɟɪɿɬɶɱɢɫɬɟɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦ ɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹɦɬɚ ɡ ɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɸ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɨɸ
ɇɟɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɣɬɟɫɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɹɤɳɨɜɿɧɩɚɞɚɜɹɤɳɨɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɿɜɿɡɭɚɥɶɧɿɩɨɲɤɨ-
ɞɠɟɧɧɹɚɛɨɜɢɧɢɤɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɨɡɪɢɧɚɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɿɫɬɶɩɿɫɥɹɩɚɞɿɧɧɹɚɬɚɤɨɠɹɤɳɨ
ɩɪɨɬɿɤɚɽɜɨɞɚɄɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɦɢɤɚɬɢɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɢɣɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ɍɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɪɟɦɨɧɬɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢ ɡɚɦɿɧɭɤɚɛɟɥɸ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɜɢ-
ɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɦɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɦɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ$ULHWHɚɛɨɩɟɪ-
ɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ ɿɡ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨɸ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿɽɸ ɳɨɛ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ ɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯ ɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ ɐɟ
ɩɪɢɡɜɟɞɟɞɨ ɧɟɝɚɣɧɨʀɜɬɪɚɬɢɝɚɪɚɧɬɿʀȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤ ɜɿɞɯɢɥɹɽɛɭɞɶɹɤɭɜɿɞɩɨ-
ɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɡɛɢɬɤɢɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿɪɟɦɨɧɬɨɦɳɨɧɟɛɭɜɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɢɣ
ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
ǵȎȟȠȓȞȓȔȓțțȭȝȞȜȜȝȳȘȖ
ɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɩɿɞɱɚɫɣɨɝɨɪɨɛɨɬɢɬɚɭɧɚɫɬɭɩ-
ɧɿɯɜɢɥɢɧɢɩɿɫɥɹɣɨɝɨɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɨɧɶȼɢɤɨ-
ɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢɚɛɨɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɢ
123
UA
Ɂɧɿɦɚɣɬɟɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɿɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɡɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢ-
ɜɥɟɧɧɹɬɿɥɶɤɢɩɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨ ɹɤɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɥɚɫɹ ɿɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ɜɢɦɤɧɭɜɫɹ
ɉɿɞɧɿɦɚɣɬɟɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɬɚɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɡɚɫɩɟɰɿ-
ɚɥɶɧɭɪɭɱɤɭ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɬɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȳȕȏȖȠȘȖ
Ɋɨɡɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɞɟɣɨɝɨɧɟɦɨɠɧɚɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɭɬɢ
ɇɟɫɬɚɜɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɞɭɠɟɝɚɪɹɱɿɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɚɛɨɩɨɛɥɢɡɭɞɠɟɪɟɥɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɝɨ
ɜɨɝɧɸɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɤɨɪɩɭɫɭ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɿɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢɩɿɞ-
ɫɬɚɜɤɚɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɛɭɬɢɱɢɫɬɨɸɿɫɨɯɨɸ
Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɭɜɨɞɭɡɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɨɦɜɭɝɥɟɰɸ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɧɚɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɦɭɩɨɜɿɬɪɿ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɿɞɞɿɽɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯɹɜɢɳɞɨɳɫɨɧɰɟɿɬɩ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɜɢɪɨɛɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨʀɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɢ
ȯɋɫɥɿɞɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɣɚɪɤɭɲɳɨɞɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɞɨɜɢɪɨɛɭ
ǵǯdzǾǥDZǮǷȀdzȄȌǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥȌ
ǼǽǶǿǽǾǶǿȀǾǼȌ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɡɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɨʀɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɢɬɚɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨ-
ɪɚɱɚɣɧɢɤɚ
$Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢ
%Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɨ
&Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢ
'ɉɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ǸȜȚȝȜțȓțȠȖȓșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȜȴȑȓȗȕȓȞțȜȴȘȎȐȜȐȎȞȘȖ
(Ȼɨɣɥɟɪ
)Ɂɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɢɣɤɥɚɩɚɧ
*Ɏɿɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɚɧɚɱɚɲɤɢ
+Ⱦɢɫɤɨɜɢɣɚɞɚɩɬɟɪɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤ
, ɍɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱ
- Ⱦɢɫɤɨɜɢɣɮɿɥɶɬɪ
.Ʉɨɥɛɚ
/ Ɉɬɜɨɪɢɩɨɞɚɱɿ
0Ʉɪɢɲɤɚ
1Ɋɭɱɤɚ
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ǸȜȚȝȜțȓțȠȖȘȎȝȡȥȳțȎȠȜȞȎȏȜȗșȓȞȎ
2Ʉɪɢɲɤɚ
3ɇɚɫɚɞɤɚɛɟɡɫɩɿɪɚɥɿ
4ɇɚɫɚɞɤɚɡɿɫɩɿɪɚɥɥɸ
5ȯɦɧɿɫɬɶ
6Ɋɭɱɤɚ
7ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɿɜɧɹ
0$;ɞɥɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɛɟɡɫɩɿɪɚɥɿ
0$;ɞɥɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɿɡɫɩɿɪɚɥɥɸ
U - Ʉɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɢ
ǥȒȓțȠȖȢȳȘȎȤȳȗțȳȒȎțțȳ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɹɤɚɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɿɬɚɤɿɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɿɞɚɧɧɿɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ
ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɿɦɚɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ&(
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ0RG
ɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ61
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɚɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹȼɿɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɚɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɶȼɬ
ɧɨɦɟɪɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɨʀɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨʀɥɿɧɿʀ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɝɨɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹɞɨɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɿɜɜɤɚɠɿɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɿɫɟɪɿɣ-
ɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǽdzǾdzDzǽǼȅǮȀǸǼǺǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ǰȐȳȚȘțȓțțȭ
Ɋɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɤɭɠɬɺɴɩɨɛɪɫɮɞɛɟɩɧɛɳɨɷɩʁɧɠɫɠɡʀɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɛɢɭʀɾɹɴɩɝɥɛɢɛɨɛɨɛɭɛɜɦɣɲɱʀ
ɭɠɰɨʀɲɨɣɰɟɛɨɣɰɪɫɣɬɭɫɩɹ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɩɚɤɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɣɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟɱɢɜɫɿɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɭɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ
ɉɨɦɢɣɬɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɭɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ©ɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸª
ɊɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɬɚɤɢɦɱɢɧɨɦɳɨɛɞɿɬɢɧɟɦɨɝɥɢɞɿɫɬɚɬɢɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɊɨɡɬɚ-
ɲɭɣɬɟɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɝɥɚɞɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɩɨɞɚɥɿɜɿɞɤɪɚɧɿɜɜɨɞɢɿɦɢɣɨɤ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǸǮǰǶ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎǾȖȕȖȘȐȞȎȔȓțțȭȓșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȖȚȟȠȞȡȚȜȚ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɧɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹɛɨɣɥɟɪɚɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɛɨɣɥɟɪɨɦɜɿɞɞɿɥɟɧɢɦɜɿɞɩɿɞ-
ɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȖȣȕȏȖȠȘȳȐ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɛɟɡɜɨɞɢ
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɭɜɚɠɧɢɦɢɳɨɛɜɨɞɚɧɟɧɚɦɨɱɢɥɚɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɸɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɚɍɧɢ-
ɤɚɣɬɟɩɨɬɪɚɩɥɹɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢɛɨɣɥɟɪɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɚɛɨɤɢɩɹɬɤɨɦ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɸɣɬɟɛɨɣɥɟɪɬɿɥɶɤɢɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸ
125
UA
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɫɢɩɚɬɢ ɭ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ ɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢ ɹɤɿ ɧɟ ɽ ɦɟɥɟɧɨɸ
ɤɚɜɨɸɇɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɿ ɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɩɪɨɜɨɤɭɜɚɬɢ ɜɚɠɤɿ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɇɟ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɡɹɱɦɿɧɧɨɸɤɚɜɨɸ
Ɋɫɣɪɠɫɳɩɧɮɝɝʀɧɥɨɠɨɨʀɛɜɩɪʀɬɦɺɪɠɫʀɩɟɮɨɠɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺɫɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɮɾɭɷɬɺɝɣɥɩɨɛ-
ɭɣɪɩɟɛɲɮɧʀɨʀɧɮɧɩɟɨʀɾʁɥɛɝɣɊɩɧɣɤɭɠʀɝɣɬɮɳʀɭɷɥɩɦɜɮɭɛɝɬʀɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɭɮɹɲʀɈɠɧɣɤɭɠ
ɜɩɤɦɠɫɛɜɩɪʀɟɬɭɛɝɥɮɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɚɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɚɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɚɯɨɥɨɞɧɚ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɡɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
Ɍɪɢɦɚɣɬɟ ɛɨɣɥɟɪ ( ɨɞɧɿɽɸ ɪɭɤɨɸ ɚ ɿɧɲɨɸ ɜɿɞɤɪɭɬɿɬɶ ɤɨɥɛɭ . ɩɪɨɬɢ ɝɨɞɢɧɧɢɤɨɜɨʀ
ɫɬɪɿɥɤɢ
Ⱦɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɮɿɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ*
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɨɣɥɟɪɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɪɿɜɧɹɡɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɨɝɨɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ)ɹɤɢɣɜɢɞɧɨɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ
Ɋɢɫɇɟɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɣɬɟɪɿɜɟɧɶɡɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɨɝɨɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɮɿɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭɜɛɨɣɥɟɪ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɮɿɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭɦɟɥɟɧɨɸɤɚɜɨɸɧɟɩɪɟɫɭɸɱɢʀʀɇɚɫɢɩɚɣɬɟɤɚɜɭɩɨɪɰɿɹɦɢɳɨɛ
ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɩɟɪɟɫɢɩɚɧɧɹɊɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɿɬɶɤɚɜɭɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɡɛɨɪɬɢɤɿɜ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɭ
Ƚɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɤɭɠɧɠɦɠɨɮɥɛɝɮɰɩɫɩɳɩɹɺɥɩɬɭʀɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɞɩɪɩɧɩɦɮɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɮɟɦɺɞɠɤ-
ɢɠɫɨɣɰɥɛɝɩɝɛɫɩɥ
ɚɥɴɩɨɛɬɣɪɛɭɣɨɛɟɧʀɫɨɮɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷɧɠɦɠɨɩʁɥɛɝɣɝɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɮɯʀɦɷɭɫɮɝɩɫɩɨɥɣ*ɧɩɡɠ
ɝɣɺɝɣɭɣɬɺɝɛɡɥɩɟɩɜɫɠɬɭɺɞɨɮɭɣɜɩɤɦɠɫ(ʀɥɩɦɜɮ.Ɋʀɟɲɛɬɪɩɟɛɲʀɥɛɝɣɢɜɩɤɦɠɫɛ
ɧɩɡɠɝɣɭʀɥɛɭɣɝɩɟɛɅɛɝɛɧɩɡɠɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺɨɠɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȜȝȳȘȳȐ
Ⱦɨɛɪɟɡɚɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɤɨɥɛɭɛɟɡɧɚɞɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɯɡɭɫɢɥɶɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɜ
ɹɤɨɫɬɿɜɚɠɟɥɹ
Ʉɨɥɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɪɚɰɸɽɤɪɢɲɤɚɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɡɚɤɪɢɬɨɸ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɧɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ'Ɂɚɤɪɢɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭɹɤɚɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢ$ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɶ-
ɫɹɱɟɪɜɨɧɢɦ
ɑɟɪɟɡɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɯɜɢɥɢɧɤɚɜɚɩɨɱɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɤɚɜɚɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɜɢɣɞɟȱɧɞɢɤɚ-
ɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢ$ɩɨɱɧɟɛɥɢɦɚɬɢɁɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɥɨɠɟɱɤɢɩɟɪɟɦɿɲɚɣɬɟɤɚɜɭ
ɳɨɛɡɪɨɛɢɬɢɨɞɧɨɪɿɞɧɨɸɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɿɸɿɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
ɇɚɥɢɣɬɟɤɚɜɭɭɱɚɲɤɢ
ȿɩɲɠɥɛɤɭɠɬɺ ɪɩɥɣ ɠɦɠɥɭɫɣɲɨɛ ɞɠɤɢɠɫɨɛ ɥɛɝɩɝɛɫɥɛ ɩɰɩɦɩɨɠ ɪɠɫɳ ɨʀɡ ɝʀɟɥɫɮɲɮɝɛɭɣ
ɜɩɤɦɠɫɟɦɺɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺɨɩɝɩʁɥɛɝɣȽɺɥɩɬɭʀɛɦɷɭɠɫɨɛɭɣɝɣɧɩɡɨɛɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɭɣɬɺɫɮ-
ɥɛɝɣɱɺɧɣɛɜɩɞɛɨɲʀɫɥɩɹɴɩɜɮɨɣɥɨɮɭɣɫɣɢɣɥɮɩɪʀɥʀɝ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȖȣȕȏȖȠȘȳȐ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɡɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ&ɨɫɤɿɥɶ-
ɤɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɜɨɞɢɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɡɚɦɟɪɡɧɭɬɢɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɸɱɢɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ
126
UA
ǸȎȐȎțȎȒȐȳȥȎȦȘȖ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɨɣɥɟɪ(ɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɢɊɢɫɧɟɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɸɱɢɪɿɜɟɧɶɡɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɨɝɨ
ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ)
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɮɿɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ*ɞɥɹɱɨɬɢɪɶɨɯɱɚɲɨɤɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ
ɓɨɛɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɤɚɜɭɞɥɹɞɜɨɯɱɚɲɨɤɜɫɬɚɜɬɟɞɢɫɤɨɜɢɣɚɞɚɩɬɟɪ+ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɮɿɥɶ-
ɬɪɚɜɨɪɨɧɤɢɞɥɹɱɨɬɢɪɶɨɯɱɚɲɨɤɊɢɫ
ɉɪɨɞɨɜɠɭɣɬɟɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ³ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢ´
ɈɠɢɛɟɩɝʀɦɷɨɠɪɩɟɛɝɛɨɨɺɥɛɝɣɧɩɡɠɜɮɭɣɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɨɠɢɛɬɧʀɲɠɨɨɺɧɯʀɦɷɭɫɮɊɫɣɢɮɪɣ-
ɨʀɭɷɪɩɟɛɲɮʀɟɩɲɠɥɛɤɭɠɬɺɪɩɥɣɪɫɣɬɭɫʀɤɩɰɩɦɩɨɠȽɣɥɩɨɛɤɭɠɲɣɬɭɥɮɺɥɩɪɣɬɛɨɩɮɝʀɟ-
ɪɩɝʀɟɨɩɧɮɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯʀ
ȂȡțȘȤȳȭȕȏȓȞȳȑȎțțȭȐȠȓȝșȳ
əɤɳɨɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɧɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɰɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɱɧɟɬɶɫɹɮɚɡɚɡɛɟ-
ɪɿɝɚɧɧɹɜɬɟɩɥɿɐɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶɡɛɟɪɟɝɬɢɤɚɜɭɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɎɭɧɤɰɿɹɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹɜɬɟɩɥɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɸɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍǸǮǽȁȅǥǻǮȀǼǾǮȅǮǷǻǶǸǮ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎǾȖȕȖȘȐȞȎȔȓțțȭȓșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȖȚȟȠȞȡȚȜȚ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɡɧɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹɬɚɫɩɨɪɨɠɧɟɧɧɹɽɦɧɨɫɬɿɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɱɚɣɧɢɤɨɦɜɿɞ-
ɞɿɥɟɧɢɦɜɿɞɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
Ⱦɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɶɩɨɡɧɚɱɨɤɪɿɜɧɿɜ0,10$;ɳɨɜɤɚɡɚɧɿɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɽɦɧɨɫɬɿɄɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɧɚ
ɞɧɿɽɦɧɨɫɬɿɩɨɜɢɧɧɨɡɚɜɠɞɢɛɭɬɢɩɨɤɪɢɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɚɛɨɜɨɞɨɸɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨʀ
ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿɦɨɥɨɤɚɚɛɨɜɨɞɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɦɨɠɟɩɟɪɟɝɪɿɬɢɫɶəɤɳɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɽɬɶɫɹɩɨ-
ɧɚɞɜɤɚɡɚɧɿɪɿɜɧɿɦɨɥɨɤɨɚɛɨɜɨɞɚɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢɬɿɤɚɬɢɡɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɩɿɞɱɚɫɮɚɡɢɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȖȣȕȏȖȠȘȳȐ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɛɟɡɦɨɥɨɤɚɚɛɨɜɨɞɢ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɸɣɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɚɱɚɣɧɢɤɚɬɿɥɶɤɢɫɜɿɠɢɦɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɚɛɨɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸ
ɜɨɞɨɸ
ɇɟɜɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɧɚɫɭɯɭɛɟɡɦɨɥɨɤɚɚɛɨɜɨɞɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɝɚɪɹɱɢɦɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɚɛɨɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸ
Ɋɫɣɪɠɫɳɩɧɮ ɝɝʀɧɥɨɠɨɨʀ ɪɫɣɬɭɫɩɹ ɬɥɣɪɺɭʀɭɷ ɝɩɟɮ Ɍɪɩɫɩɡɨʀɭɷ ʀ ɪɫɩɧɣɤɭɠ ɲɛɤɨɣɥ
Ɋɩɝɭɩɫʀɭɷɱɹɩɪɠɫɛɱʀɹɟɝɛɛɜɩɭɫɣɫɛɢɣ
ɊʀɟɲɛɬɪɠɫɳɩɞɩɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɨɨɺɧɩɡɠɝɣɨɣɥɨɮɭɣɨɠɬɣɦɷɨɣɤɢɛɪɛɰɈɠɭɮɫɜɮɤɭɠɬɺɱɠɨɩɫ-
ɧɛɦɷɨɠɺɝɣɴɠɛɟɡɠɟɠɺɥʀɲɛɬɭɣɨɣɜɮɦɣɢɦɠɞɥɛɢɧɛɴɠɨʀɪʀɬɦɺɨɠɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɞɩɲɛɬɮɢɛɪɛɰ
ɢɨɣɥɨɠ
ɇɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷɩɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩʁɫɩɜɩɭɣɠɦɠɥɭɫɣɲɨɩʁɞɠɤɢɠɫɨɩʁɥɛɝɩɝɛɫɥɣʀɬɪʀɨɹɝɛɲɛɧɩɦɩɥɛ
ɲɛɤɨɣɥɛ
127
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ǿǽǥǻȌǰǮǻǻȍǺǼǹǼǸǮ
ǰȖȏȳȞțȎȟȎȒȘȖ
ɓɨɛɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɛɚɝɚɬɨɩɿɧɤɢɜɫɬɚɜɬɟɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɡɿɫɩɿɪɚɥɥɸ
ɓɨɛɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɭɩɿɧɤɭɚɛɨɳɨɛɡɥɟɝɤɚɫɩɿɧɢɬɢɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɦɨɥɨɤɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɛɟɡɫɩɿɪɚɥɿ
ɓɨɛɧɟɡɚɝɭɛɢɬɢɧɚɫɚɞɤɢ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟʀɯɭɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɫɿɤɭɜɧɢɠɧɿɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢ
Ɋɢɫ
ǻȎșȖȐȎțțȭȚȜșȜȘȎ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɤɪɢɲɤɭɡɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɭɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɜɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɞɧɿɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ
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0$;ɞɥɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɿɡɫɩɿɪɚɥɥɸ
0$;ɞɥɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɛɟɡɫɩɿɪɚɥɿ
ɇɚɞɿɣɧɨɨɞɹɝɧɿɬɶɤɪɢɲɤɭɧɚɽɦɧɿɫɬɶ
ǿȝȳțȬȐȎțțȭȳȝȳȒȳȑȞȳȐȎțțȭȚȜșȜȘȎ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɧɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭɹɤɚɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɨ % ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɜɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹ ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɶɫɹɱɟɪɜɨɧɢɦ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɨɱɧɟɩɿɞɿɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɿɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɬɢɦɨɥɨɤɨ
əɤɳɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɚɡɿɫɩɿɪɚɥɥɸɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɬɪɢɜɚɬɢɦɟɛɥɢɡɶɤɨɯɜɢ-
ɥɢɧɢ
əɤɳɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɚɛɟɡɫɩɿɪɚɥɿɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɬɪɢɜɚɬɢɦɟɛɥɢɡɶɤɨɯɜɢ-
ɥɢɧɢ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɿɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚ-
ɩɭɱɿɧɨ%ɩɨɱɧɟɛɥɢɦɚɬɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȜȝȳȘȳȐ
ɇɟɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɩɨɤɢɦɨɥɨɤɨɤɢɩɢɬɶɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɛɪɢɡɨɤɤɢɩɥɹɱɨɝɨɦɨɥɨɤɚ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɣɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɡɧɿɦɚɬɢɣɨɝɨɡɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɉɿɞɧɿɦɿɬɶɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɡɚɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɭɪɭɱɤɭȼɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɜɿɞɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢ-
ɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɇɚɥɢɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɭɱɚɲɤɢ
Ɋʀɬɦɺɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺɪɫɣɬɭɫɩɹɩɟɫɛɢɮɲɣɬɭʀɭɷɾɧɨʀɬɭɷʀɝɬɭɛɝɥɮɮɨɣɥɛɹɲɣɭɛɥɣɧɲɣ-
ɨɩɧɴɩɜɧɩɦɩɥɩɢɛɬɩɰɦɩɝɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ
128
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ǿȝȳțȬȐȎțțȭȣȜșȜȒțȜȑȜȚȜșȜȘȎ
Ɍɚɤɦɨɠɧɚɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɦɨɥɨɱɧɭɩɿɧɤɭɧɟɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɸɱɢɦɨɥɨɤɨɓɨɛɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɦ¶ɹɤɭɤɪɟɦɨɜɭ
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ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɨ%ɿɭɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟʀʀɧɚɬɢɫɧɟɧɨɸɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɩɨɤɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɟɩɨɱɧɟɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɬɢɦɨɥɨɤɨɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɡɚɝɨ-
ɪɢɬɶɫɹɫɢɧɿɦ
ɉɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨɩɿɫɥɹɯɜɢɥɢɧɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɦɨɥɨɤɚɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨȱɧɞɢɤɚ-
ɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɨ%ɩɨɱɧɟɛɥɢɦɚɬɢ
ǵȡȝȖțȘȎȎȏȜȝȓȞȓȒȥȎȟțȓȕȎȐȓȞȦȓțțȭțȎȑȞȳȐȎțțȭȠȎȟȝȳțȬȐȎțțȭȚȜ-
șȜȘȎ
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ɧɨ
ɤɨɪɨɬɤɟɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɹɤɳɨɛɚɠɚɽɬɟɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɿɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ
ɬɪɢɜɚɥɟɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɹɤɳɨɛɚɠɚɽɬɟɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɬɢɛɟɡɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹ
ǻǮDZǾǥǰǮǻǻȍǰǼDzǶ
Ⱦɜɿɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɞɥɹɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɦɨɥɨɤɚɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɿɞɱɚɫɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢ
ȼɢɣɦɿɬɶɧɚɫɚɞɤɭ3ɚɛɨ4ɡɱɚɣɧɢɤɚ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɛɚɠɚɧɨɝɨɪɿɜɧɹ
Ɉɠɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɤɭɠɫʀɝɠɨɷɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɣɤɝʀɟɧʀɭɥɩɹ0$;
ɇɚɞɿɣɧɨɨɞɹɝɧɿɬɶɤɪɢɲɤɭɧɚɽɦɧɿɫɬɶ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɧɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
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ǸȖȝ·ȭȠȳțțȭȐȜȒȖ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢ&ɨɞɢɧɪɚɡɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢ
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ǻȎȑȞȳȐȎțțȭȐȜȒȖȒȜ&
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢ&ɿɭɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟʀʀɧɚɬɢɫɧɟɧɨɸɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɩɨɤɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɟɩɨɱɧɟɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɜɨɞɭɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɶɫɹ
ɠɨɜɬɢɦ
Ʉɨɥɢɜɨɞɚɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨʀɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɮɭɧɤɰɿɹɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨȱɧ-
ɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢ&ɩɨɱɧɟɛɥɢɦɚɬɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȜȝȳȘȳȐ
ɇɟɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɩɨɤɢɜɨɞɚɤɢɩɢɬɶɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɛɪɢɡɨɤɤɢɩɥɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɣɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɡɧɿɦɚɬɢɣɨɝɨɡɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɉɿɞɧɿɦɿɬɶɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɡɚɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɭɪɭɱɤɭȼɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɜɿɞɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢ-
ɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɇɚɥɢɣɬɟɜɨɞɭɭɱɚɲɤɢ
ɉɿɫɥɹɤɨɠɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɢɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɨɞɭɳɨɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹɭɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ
ɓɨɛɡɧɨɜɭ ɫɤɢɩɹɬɢɬɢ ɜɨɞɭ ɩɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟ ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɱɢ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ ɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
ɜɿɞɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɨɛɨɱɢɣɫɬɚɧ
129
UA
Ɋɫɣɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷɥɫɛɪɠɦɷɝɩɟɣɪʀɟɾɧɨʀɬɭɹɱɠɱʀɦɥɩɧɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɠɺɝɣɴɠɱɠɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɣɤ
ɥɩɨɟɠɨɬɛɭ
ǰǶǺǸǻdzǻǻȍǽǾǶǿȀǾǼȌ
əɤɳɨɧɟɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɥɚɫɹɠɨɞɧɚɤɧɨɩɤɚɿɜɫɿɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɪɨɛɨɬɢɧɟɝɨɪɹɬɶɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɢɣ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ǵȎȣȖȟȠȐȳȒȝȓȞȓȑȞȳȐȡ
əɤɳɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɛɭɜɜɜɿɦɤɧɭɬɢɣɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɦɛɟɡɦɨɥɨɤɚɚɛɨɜɨɞɢɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨɩɿɫɥɹɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɜɿɧɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɞɥɹɡɚɯɢɫɬɭɜɿɞɩɟɪɟɝɪɿɜɭɓɨɛɡɧɨɜɭɫɤɢɩɹɬɢɬɢɜɨɞɭɩɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɱɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɨɛɨɱɢɣɫɬɚɧ
ȅǶǿȀǸǮǽǾǶǿȀǾǼȌ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎǾȖȕȖȘȐȞȎȔȓțțȭȓșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȖȚȟȠȞȡȚȜȚ
ȼɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɳɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɿɧɢɠɱɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɦɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɬɚ
ɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɨɸɜɢɥɤɨɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȖȣȕȏȖȠȘȳȐ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɢɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɿɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɭɪɨɛɨɱɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɿɿɩɨ-
ɞɨɜɠɭɸɬɶɣɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɢɡɧɚɱɧɨɡɧɢɠɭɸɱɢɪɢɡɢɤɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɚɩɧɹɧɨɝɨɧɚɥɶɨɬɭ
ɭɩɪɢɫɬɪɨʀ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɦɢɬɢɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɭɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɹ-
ɦɿɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɿɜɨɞɢ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɫɬɚɜɢɬɢɩɿɞɜɨɞɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɨʀɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɢ
ɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɚɿɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɄɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɩɿɞɞɚɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿʀɜɨɥɨ-
ɝɢȿɤɥɟɤɬɢɱɧɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢɡɚɯɢɳɟɧɿɬɚɤɨɠɿɜɿɞɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɯɛɪɢɡɨɤɜɨɞɢ
Ⱦɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɠɨɞɧɿɯɿɦɿɱɧɿɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɿɚɛɨɚɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɿɦɢɸɱɿɡɚɫɨɛɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȜȝȳȘȳȐ
ɍɫɿ ɧɢɠɱɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɢ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ
ɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȝȳȒȟȠȎȐȘȖȔȖȐșȓțțȭ
ɉɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɜɨɥɨɝɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɿɦɢɸ-
ɱɿɡɚɫɨɛɢɚɛɨɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɿɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɢ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȓșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȜȴȑȓȗȕȓȞțȜȴȘȎȐȜȐȎȞȘȖ
Ȼɨɣɥɟɪɦɨɠɧɚɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɜɨɥɨɝɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɿɦɢɸɱɿɡɚɫɨɛɢɚɛɨ
ɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɿɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɢ
Ɂɧɿɦɚɸɱɢɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱ,ɬɚɞɢɫɤɨɜɢɣɮɿɥɶɬɪ-ɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɚɛɨɞɥɹʀɯɡɚɦɿɧɢɛɭɞɶɬɟɭɜɚɠɧɿ
ɳɨɛɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢʀɯɧɚɦɿɫɰɟɰɟɞɨɩɨɦɨɠɟɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɛɪɢɡɨɤɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ɉɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟɱɢɨɬɜɨɪɢɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɧɟɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿɹɤɳɨɨɬɜɨɪɢɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶʀɯ
ɳɿɬɨɱɤɨɸɊɢɫ
əɤɳɨɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱɿɞɢɫɤɨɜɢɣɮɿɥɶɬɪɦɚɸɬɶɫɥɿɞɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɧɹɚɛɨʀɯɫɬɚɧɡɿɩɫɨɜɚɧɢɣʀɯɩɨɬɪɿɛ-
ɧɨɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɿɡɚɩɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɹɤɿɦɨɠɧɚɩɪɢɞɛɚɬɢɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯ
ɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ
130
UA
ǰȖȒȎșȓțțȭțȎȘȖȝȡȟȏȜȗșȓȞȎ
Ɂɱɚɫɨɦɩɿɫɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯɱɚɲɨɤɧɚɞɧɿɛɨɣɥɟɪɚɦɨɠɟɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɲɚɪɧɚɤɢ-
ɩɭɡɰɿɽʀɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɱɚɫɩɪɨɫɨɱɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɨɠɟɫɬɚɬɢɧɚɛɚɝɚɬɨɞɨɜɲɢɦɓɨɛɭɫɭɧɭɬɢɰɟɣɧɟɞɨɥɿɤ
ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɱɚɫɜɿɞɱɚɫɭɜɢɞɚɥɹɬɢɰɟɣɲɚɪɧɚɤɢɩɭɜɢɤɨɧɭɸɱɢɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɚɫɨɛɢɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɹɤɿɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹɭɩɪɨɞɚɠɭɧɚɩɪɢ-
ɤɥɚɞɥɢɦɨɧɧɚɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ
Ⱦɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɫɥɿɞɞɿɹɬɢɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɤɚɜɧɢɤɯɨɥɨɞɧɢɣɿɜɿɞɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɣɨɝɨ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɨɣɥɟɪɡɚɫɨɛɨɦɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɿɩɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɩɿɜɝɨɞɢɧɢ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɛɭɥɚɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚɩɨɜɧɚɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɹɱɢɫɬɤɚɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ
ɑɺɩɪɠɫɛɱʀɺɪɩɝɣɨɨɛɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɭɣɬɺɢɰɩɦɩɟɨɣɧɜɩɤɦɠɫɩɧɨɠɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɣɧɨɛɪʀɟ-
ɬɭɛɝɥɮ
Ʉɨɥɢɩɪɨɣɲɥɨɩɿɜɝɨɞɢɧɢɫɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɬɶɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɧɚɤɢɩɡɞɧɚɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɨ
ɩɨɬɿɦɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟɛɨɣɥɟɪɡɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɢɇɟɡɚɧɭɪɸɣɬɟɛɨɣɥɟɪɭɜɨɞɭ
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɩɪɨɛɧɿɤɚɜɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɿɹɧɟɪɨɡɩɨɜɫɸɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɧɹɦɢɜɿɞɧɚɤɢɩɭ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȘȎȝȡȥȳțȎȠȜȞȎȏȜȗșȓȞȎ
Ɋʀɬɦɺɥɩɡɨɩɞɩɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɨɨɺʀɬɪʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺɩɟɫɛɢɮɲɣɬɭʀɭɷɾɧɨʀɬɭɷɴɩɜɮɨɣɥɨɮɭɣɢɛɬɣɰɛɨ-
ɨɺɧɩɦɩɥɛɝɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭ
Ɂɧɹɬɢɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɫɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ
ɉɨɦɢɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭ2ɿɧɚɫɚɞɤɢ43ɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɬɚɦɢɸɱɢɦɡɚɫɨɛɨɦɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɭ
Ɇɢɣɬɟɬɿɥɶɤɢɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɸɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ5ɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɬɚɦɢɸɱɢɦɡɚɫɨɛɨɦɞɥɹɩɨ-
ɫɭɞɭ
Ɋɟɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɢɫɭɲɿɬɶɜɫɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɩɨɹɜɢɩɥɹɦ
ǰȖȒȎșȓțțȭțȎȘȖȝȡȟȱȚțȜȟȠȳ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɢɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɿɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɭɪɨɛɨɱɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɿɿɩɨɞɨɜɠɭ-
ɸɬɶɣɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɢɡɧɚɱɧɨɡɧɢɠɭɸɱɢɪɢɡɢɤɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɚɩɧɹɧɨɝɨɧɚɥɶɨɬɭɭɩɪɢɫɬɪɨʀ
əɤɳɨɩɨɩɪɢɜɫɿɡɚɯɨɞɢɡɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɱɟɪɟɡɩɟɜɧɢɣɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɚɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɨɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɡɚɝɪɨɡɨɸ
ɱɟɪɟɡɱɚɫɬɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɠɨɪɫɬɤɨʀɚɛɨɜɚɩɧɢɫɬɨʀɜɨɞɢɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭ
ɡɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ ɳɨɛ ɭɫɭɧɭɬɢɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɿɫɬɶ ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ ɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹ
ɧɚɤɢɩɭɹɤɿɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹɭɩɪɨɞɚɠɭɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɥɢɦɨɧɧɚɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ
ǰǶǰǥDzǵdzǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǥǦ
ɍɪɚɡɿɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɡɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɟɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ-
ɧɹȼɿɞɪɿɠɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢɪɨɡɞɿɥɟɧɧɹɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜɹɤɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢɫɹɭ
ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɿɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɬɚʀɯɩɟɪɟɪɨɛɤɭɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɜɿɞʀɯɫɤɥɚɞɭɬɚɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɶɡɚɤɨɧɿɜɳɨɞɿɸɬɶ
ɭɄɪɚʀɧɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
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ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹɧɟɩɨɥɚɞɨɤɭɪɨɛɨɬɿɧɟɝɚɣɧɨɜɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭ
ɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɨɯɨɥɨɧɟȼɹɤɨɫɬɿɚɥɶ-
ɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢɦɨɠɧɚɫɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɬɢɫɹɪɭɤɚɜɢɰɹɦɢɚɛɨɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɭɨɩɿɤɿɜ
DzșȭȓșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȜȴȑȓȗȕȓȞțȜȴȘȎȐȜȐȎȞȘȖ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɢ ȼɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ
Ʉɚɜɚɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɍɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ
ɜɨɞɢ ɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɡɚɥɢɜɲɢɤɛɨɣɥɟɪɧɚɥɟɠɧɭ
ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢ
Ʉɚɜɚɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɱɟɪɟɡɤɪɚʀɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ Ƀɦɨɜɿɪɧɨɳɨɭɮɿɥɶɬɪ
ɜɨɪɨɧɤɭɛɭɥɨɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ
ɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɦɟɥɟɧɨʀ
ɤɚɜɢɹɤɚɡɚɜɚɞɢɥɚ
ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɫɬɹɝɧɭɬɢɛɨɣɥɟɪɡ
ɤɨɥɛɨɸ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɩɨɤɥɚɜɲɢɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ
ɧɚɥɟɠɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɤɚɜɢ
ɇɚɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱɩɨɬɪɚɩɢɥɢ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ Ɉɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɚɛɨɝɭɛɤɢ
ȼɢɯɿɞɧɿɨɬɜɨɪɢɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɭ-ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɭɦɭȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɪɭɤɚɜɢɰɿɚɛɨɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɢ
ȼɿɞɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɛɨɣɥɟɪɜɿɞɤɨɥɛɢɉɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɳɿɬɨɱɤɨɸ
ɚɛɨɲɩɢɥɶɤɨɸɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿɨɬɜɨɪɢɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɊɢɫ
ɍɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɣɚɛɨ
ɡɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ Ɂɚɦɿɧɿɬɶɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱ
Ʉɨɥɛɚɛɭɥɚɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ
ɞɨɛɪɟɩɪɢɤɪɭɱɟɧɚɞɨ
ɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ
Ɋɿɲɭɱɟɩɪɢɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɤɨɥɛɭɞɨɛɨɣɥɟɪɚɇɟ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɜɹɤɨɫɬɿɜɚɠɟɥɹ
Ʉɚɜɚɧɟɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɚɛɨɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨ
ȼɢɯɿɞɧɿɨɬɜɨɪɢɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɭ-ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɭɦɭȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɪɭɤɚɜɢɰɿɚɛɨɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɢ
ȼɿɞɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɛɨɣɥɟɪɜɿɞɤɨɥɛɢɉɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɳɿɬɨɱɤɨɸ
ɚɛɨɲɩɢɥɶɤɨɸɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿɨɬɜɨɪɢɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɊɢɫ
Ɂɚɧɚɞɬɨɦɿɥɤɚɫɭɦɿɲ
ɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɤɚɜɨɜɭɫɭɦɿɲɛɿɥɶɲ
ɝɪɭɛɨʀɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɫɬɿ
Ɂɚɧɚɞɬɨɫɩɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɚɫɭɦɿɲ
ɤɚɜɢ ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɦɟɧɲɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɤɚɜɢɭɮɿɥɶɬɪ
ɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ
ɇɚɞɧɿɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ
ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɜɫɹɧɚɤɢɩ ȼɢɞɚɥɿɬɶɧɚɤɢɩɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɭɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ©ɑɢɫɬɤɚ
ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸª
Ʉɚɜɚɡɚɧɚɞɬɨ
ɜɨɞɹɧɢɫɬɚɿ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɚ
ɋɭɦɿɲɡɦɟɥɟɧɚɡɚɧɚɞɬɨ
ɝɪɭɛɨ ɓɨɛɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɛɿɥɶɲɧɚɫɢɱɟɧɭɿɝɚɪɹɱɭɤɚɜɭɫɥɿɞ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɭɦɿɲɛɿɥɶɲɦɿɥɤɨɝɨɩɨɦɨɥɭ
Ɂɚɥɢɬɨɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɛɚɝɚɬɨ
ɜɨɞɢ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɡɚɥɢɜɲɢɤɛɨɣɥɟɪɧɚɥɟɠɧɭ
ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢȼɩɪɢɬɭɥɞɨɡɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɨɝɨɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ
ɹɤɳɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɮɿɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɚɞɥɹ
ɱɨɬɢɪɶɨɯɱɚɲɨɤɤɚɜɢɇɢɠɱɟɡɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɨɝɨɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ
ɹɤɳɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɞɢɫɤɨɜɢɣɚɞɚɩɬɟɪɞɥɹ
ɞɜɨɯɱɚɲɨɤɤɚɜɢɊɢɫ
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DzșȭȘȎȝȡȥȳțȎȠȜȞȎȏȜȗșȓȞȎ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɢ ȼɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹ
ɿɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ
ɡɭɩɢɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɪɚɧɿɲɟ
ɧɿɠɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨ
Ȼɭɥɨɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɨɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɢɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɬɚ
ɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɤɨɥɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɳɟɛɭɜɝɚɪɹɱɢɣ
Ⱦɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɨɯɨɥɨɧɟ
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɨɛɨɬɢ
ɡɚɝɨɪɹɽɬɶɫɹɫɢɧɿɦ ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɟɪɟɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɢɣ ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɭɦɭɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɜɢɥɢɬɢɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɦɨɥɨɤɚɡɽɦɧɨɫɬɿɬɚɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɇɟɦɨɠɧɚ
ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɜɚɬɢɩɨɡɧɚɱɤɭ0$;
Ɇɨɥɨɤɨɧɚɝɪɿɥɨɫɹ
ɚɥɟɧɟɫɩɿɧɢɥɨɫɹ ɇɚɫɚɞɤɚɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɭ
ɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɞɧɹɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ
ɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɭɦɭȼɢɥɢɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɡɽɦɧɨɫɬɿȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶ
ɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
Ɇɨɥɨɤɨɧɚɝɪɿɥɨɫɹ
ɚɥɟɧɟɫɩɿɧɢɥɨɫɹ
ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
Ȼɭɥɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɨ
ɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɭɧɚɫɚɞɤɭ ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɭɦɭȼɢɥɢɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɡɽɦɧɨɫɬɿɈɛɟɪɿɬɶ
ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɭɧɚɫɚɞɤɭ
ɇɚɧɚɫɚɞɰɿɚɛɨɧɚɞɧɿ
ɽɦɧɨɫɬɿɧɚɹɜɧɢɣɛɪɭɞ Ɉɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɬɚɧɚɫɚɞɤɭ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɚɰɸɽ
ɧɟɡɜɢɱɧɨɝɨɥɨɫɧɨ ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɹɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɦɨɥɨɤɚɭɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɭɦɭɁɧɿɦɿɬɶɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɡɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɧɚɥɢɬɢɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɦɨɥɨɤɚ
ɭɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɬɚɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɇɟɦɨɠɧɚ
ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɜɚɬɢɩɨɡɧɚɱɤɭ0$;
ɇɚɫɚɞɤɚɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɭ
ɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɞɧɹɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ
ɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɭɦɭȼɢɥɢɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɡɽɦɧɨɫɬɿȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶ
ɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɧɚɫɚɞɤɭ
ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
Ʉɪɢɲɤɚɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɞɨɛɪɟ
ɡɚɮɿɤɫɨɜɚɧɚɧɚɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɚɞɿɣɧɨɨɞɹɝɧɿɬɶɤɪɢɲɤɭɧɚɽɦɧɿɫɬɶ
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ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ ﺔّﻴﻤﺤﻣو ،ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ
يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻠﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳاو صﺮﺤﺑ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ةءاﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
هﺬﻫ ﻖﻓرأ .ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌا ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻼﻟ ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا .راﴐﻷاو ثداﻮﺤﻟا عﻮﻗو ﻊﻨﳌ ،ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ
.ﻐﻠﻟ ﻪﺋاﺪﻫإ وأ ﻪﻌﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا زﻮﻣﺮﻟﺎﺑ ةﺰﻴﻤﻣ ،ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ةدراﻮﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﻠﺗﺎﻗ رﺎﻄﺧﻷو ةﻄﺧ تﺎﺑﺎﺻﻹ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا لﺘﺣا ﻦﻣ رّﺬﺤُﻳ .έρΧ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ دﻮﻌﺗ رﺎﻄﺧأ
ةﺒﻛ ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأو تﺎﺑﺎﺻﻹ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا لﺘﺣا ﻦﻣ رّﺬﺤُﻳ .έϳΫΣΗ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ةﺒﻛ ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ وأ تﺎﺑﺎﺻﻹ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا لﺘﺣا ﻦﻣ رّﺬﺤُﻳ .ϪϳΑϧΗ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ضﺮﻐﻟا
داﻮﳌا وأ ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻧ يأ ﻦﺨﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ةﻮﻏر ﻖﻔﺧو ﺨﺴﺗو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋﻹ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻢﻜﻨﻜ •
.ﺔﺒﻠﺼﻟا ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا
.ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺻ وأ ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺗ ضاﺮﻏﻷ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﱄﺰﻨﳌا لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﻤﺼﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ •
:ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺎﻬﻬﺑﺎﺷ ﺎﻣو ﺔﻴﻟﺰﻨﳌا تﺎﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟا ﰲ لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻊﻨﺻو ﻢّﻤﺻ •
;ﺐﺗﺎﻜﳌا ﰲو ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺘﻟا تﻼﺤﳌا ﻲﻔﻇﻮﳌ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﰲ -
;عراﺰﳌا -
;ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﻴﻨﻜﺴﻟا تﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟاو قدﺎﻨﻔﻟا ءﻼﻤﻋ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا -
.رﺎﻄﻓﻹاو ﺖﻴﺒﳌا لﺰﻧو -
ضاﺮﻏﻷ وأ ﺊﻃﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻧ يأ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ •
ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﻖﺋﻻ ﻐﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا يدﺆﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز .ﺎﻬﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ ﻲﺘﻟا ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ
.ﺎﻬﺘﻐﻴﺻ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻬﻣ ،نﻀﻟا
ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا
ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺤﺑ ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﻻ ،ةﴩﻨﻟا هﺬﻫ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺸﻧﻹا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﳌا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ
قوﺮﺤﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
.ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﺾﺒﻗا .
ةّرﺎﺤﻟا حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﺔﺴﻣﻼﻣ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ ﻦﻣ جﺮﺨﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ يﺬﻟا رﺎﺨﺒﻟاو ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ذاذر ﺐﺒﺴﺑ قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا جوﺮﺧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺢﺘﻔﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا نﺎﻴﻠﻏ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ ءﺎﻄﻏ ﺢﺘﻔﺗ ﻻ .ﲇﻐﳌا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ذاذر ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻻ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻊﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
.ﺔﻠﻌﺸﻣ ﻲﻬﻃ حﻮﻄﺳ وأ ﺪﻗاﻮﻣ ﲆﻋ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ
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نﺎﻣﻷا تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا صﺮﺤﺑ أﺮﻗا
ﻏ داﻮ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟا ﺐﻄﻌﻟا ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺠﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا نﻷ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮ ظﺎﻔﺘﺣﻻا ﺢﺼﻨﻳ •
.ﺺّﺧﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﱃإ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻘﺋﻻ
داﻮﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌاو 2004/10/27 ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﺑ ةردﺎﺼﻟا 2004/1935 ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻢﻈﻨﻟ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا •
.ﺔﻳﺬﻏﻸﻟ ﺔﺴﻣﻼﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ فاﴍﻹا ﻢﺗ اذإ ﻂﻘﻓ ،تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ لﺎﻔﻃأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ •
لﻌﺘﺳا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻋﻼﻃاو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﺒﻳرﺪﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ﺔﻄﻳﴍو ،تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﻞﻘﺗ دﻻوأ ﺎﻬﺑ مﻮﻘﻳ ﻻ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا مﺎﻬﻣ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺄﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا لﻋأ •
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺐﻌﻠﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ حﺴﻟا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ
.تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﻞﻘﺗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﻦﻋ ًاﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻆﻔﺣ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﻷ ،لﺎﻔﻃﻷا لوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﰲ ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺺﻗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﻊﻨﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺎﻬﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ •
ﺐﻌﻠﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز
.ﻪﺑ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
نأ ﺔﻄﻴﻳﴍ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟا وأ ﺔﻴ ّ
ﺴﺤﻟا وأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا ﻢﻫاﻮﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ نﻮﻜﻠ ﻻ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺎﺗ صﺎﺨﺷﻷا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ •
رﺎﻄﺧﻷا اﻮﻛردأو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻤﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺿﺮﻌﳌا
،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺖﺤﺗ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺻو ﻞﺒﻗ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ
.ثداﻮﺣو راﴐأ عﻮﻗو ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ،ﺔﻌﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺼﺧّﺮﻣ ﻐﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا تﻼﺻﻮﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا •
.ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻬﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ ﺔﻠﺼﻔﻨﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟأ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ وأ ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ (ﺮﺎﺗ) ﺖّﻗﻮﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺗ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ •
ﰲو ﺎﻬﻟ ﻊﺑﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﻢﺴﻗ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ ﺔﻌﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ﻒﻠﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ •
.رﺎﻄﺧﻷا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﺎﺤﺘﻟ ،لﻋﻷا هﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﳌ ﻞﻫﺆﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ لاﻮﺣﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ
!سﺎ ﻞﻄﻋ ثوﺪﺣ ﱃإ ﻚﻟذ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ :ءﻠﻟ ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﺸﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺔﺴﻣﻼﻣ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ وأ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ يﺄﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ،ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا •
.ىﺮﺧأ ﻞﺋاﻮﺳ ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ •
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ دﻮﻌﺗ رﺎﻄﺧأ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﱃإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟا ﻞﻬﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺚﻴﺤﺑو ،ﻒﻴﻈﻧو ﰲﺎﻜﻟا رﺪﻘﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﻀﻣ نﺎﻜﻣ رﺎﺘﺧا •
وأ ﺐﻄﻌﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ وأ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺮﻣ راﴐأ دﻮﺟو ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ وأ ضرﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻪﻃﻮﻘﺳ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.ﺎﻬﺒﻄﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﻪﻨﻣ ءﺎﳌا بﴪﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ وأ ضرﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻪﻃﻮﻘﺳ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺐﻄﻌﻟا ﰲ ﻚﺸﻟا
ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ ﺺّﺧﺮﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﰲ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ ﺢﻴﻠﺼﺘﻟا لﻋأ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ •
ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ .نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﻮﻌﻔﻣ ﻂﻘﺴﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻜﻌﻟا ﲆﻋ .ثداﻮﺤﻟاو رﺎﻄﺧﻷا عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﻞﻫﺆﻣ
.ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﻐﻟا ﺢﻴﻠﺼﺘﻟا لﻋأ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﺔﻌﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ةرﺎﺤﻟا حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ .ﻪﺋﺎﻔﻃإ ﲇﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا لﻼﺧو ﻪﻠﻴﻐﺸﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ •
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.شﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻊﻄﻗ وأ تﺎﻛﺎ ّ
ﺴﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
ﻲﻬﺘﻨﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﺐﺤﺳا •
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻄﻳو ﺨﺴﺘﻟا تاءاﺮﺟإ
.ﺾﺒﻘﳌﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻜﺴﻣ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﻊﻓرا •
.ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ دﱪﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﺮﺗأ •
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﻪﺑﻼﻘﻧا ﻦﻣ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﻻ ﻞﻜﺸﺑو ،ّﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ •
.ﻪﻠﻜﻴﻫ ﻒﻠﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ﺮﺤﻟا ﺐﻬﻠﻟا ﻦﻣ بﺮﻘﻟﺎﺑ وأ ًاﺪﺟ ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳ حﻮﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺔّﻓﺎﺟو ﺔﻔﻴﻈﻧ ﺎاد ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ :زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ ةدرﻮﳌا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا •
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ةرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻸﻟ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ﺲﻣﻼﻣ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.(ﻦﻧﻮﺑﺮﻜﻟا ﺪﻴﺴﻛأ ﺎﺛ ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ فﺎﻀﻣ) ﺔﻳزﺎﻏ هﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
.ﻖﻠﻄﻟا ءاﻮﻬﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
.(ﺎﻫﻏو ﺲﻤﺸﻟاو ﺮﻄﳌا) ﺔﻳﻮﺠﻟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻠﻟ ضّﺮﻌﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
، CE/2012/19 ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺺﻨﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣو ،ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ
.ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﳌاو ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا ةءاﺮﻗ ﻰﺟﺮﻳ
.تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا هﺬﻬﺑ ﺎاد ﻆﻔﺘﺣا
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
.ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﻦﻣو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺗ ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻟﺄﺘﻳ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ّرز - A
ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ ّرز - B
ءﺎﳌا داﺪﻋإ ّرز - C
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ - D
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ تﺎﺒّﻛﺮ ﻣ
ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ - E
نﺎﻣأ مﺻ - F
ﺟﺎﻨﻓ ﺔﻌﺑرﻷ ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻓ - G
ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻔﻟ ﺊﻳﺎﻬﻣ صﺮﻗ - H
بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﳌ قﻮﻃ - I
صﺮﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻓ - J
ﻖﻳﺮﺑإ - K
ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ - L
ءﺎﻄﻏ - M
ﺾﺒﻘﻣ - N
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ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ تﺎﺒّﻛﺮ ﻣ
ءﺎﻄﻏ - O
ﺐﻟﻮﻟ نوﺪﺑ ﻖﺤﻠﻣ - P
ﺐﻟﻮﻟ ﻊﻣ ﻖﺣﺎﻣ - Q
ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا - R
ﺾﺒﻘﻣ - S
:ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﴍﺆﻣ - T
ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ دوﺰﻣ ﻐﻟا ﻖﺤﻠﻤﻠﻟ MAX ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ةرﺎﺷإ
ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ دوﺰﳌا ﻖﺤﻠﻤﻠﻟ MAX ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ةرﺎﺷإ
ﻖﺤﻠﻤﻠﻟ دﺎﻨﺳ - U
ﺔﻴﻨﻓ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
:زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺖﺤﺗ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ يﻮﺘﺤﺗ
CE ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟاو ﻊﻧﺎﺼﻟا •
(.Mod) ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا •
(SN) ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﳌا ﻢﻗر •
(ﺲﺗﻫ) ددﱰﻟاو (ﺖﻟﻮﻓ) ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻓ •
(طاو) ﺔﺼﺘﻤﳌا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةرﺪﻘﻟا •
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﻢﺴﻗ ﻒﺗﺎﻫ ﻢﻗر •
.ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻢﻗرو ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا ﺮﻛذ ﺐﺠﻳ ،لّﻮﺨﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻳوﺎﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔﻴﻄﻠﻓ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
1 ..تﺎّﺒﻛﺮﳌا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ دﻮﺟو ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗو ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ ﺪﻌﺑأ
2 .."زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﰲ ﺒﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ تﺎﺒّﻛﺮﳌا ﻞﺴﻏا
3 . ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻊﺿ .ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﱃإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﻻ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ
.ﻞﺳﺎﻐﳌاو ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻴﻔﻨﺣ ﻦﻋ ًاﺪﻴﻌﺑو ِﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ ﱃإ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻟﻮﺼﻔﻣ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻧ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ءﺎﻣ نوﺪﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
ﻞﺧاد ءﺎﳌا بﴪﺗ ﻊﻨﻣ ﺐﺠﻳ .ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻠﻟ ﻲﺟرﺎﺨﻟا ﺢﻄﺴﻟا ﻞﺘﺒﻳ ﻻ ﻟ ﺔﻄﻴﺤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺪﺣ ﴡﻗأ ﺬﺧأ ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
.ﲇﻐﳌا وأ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻸ ﻻ
.جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻸﻣا
ﰲ ةﺒﻛ راﴐأ ﻚﻟذ ﻖﺤﻠﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗ ﴏﺎﻨﻋ ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﺧﺪﺗ ﻻ
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.ﻌﺸﻟا ةﻮﻬﻗ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
جاﺮﺧﺈﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻪﻔﻗﻮﺗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ وأ ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﺎﻌﺷإ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ وأ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﺴﻐﺗ ﻻ .تﺎﻘﺤﻠﳌا ﻊﻴﻤﺟو ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻒّﻔﺟو ﻞﺴﻏا .ﻪﻴﻣرو ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
1 ..ةدرﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
2 ..ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﺐﺤﺳا
3 ..ﺔﻋﺎﺴﻟا برﺎﻘﻋ هﺎﺠﺗا ﺲﻜﻌﺑ (K) ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ّ
ﻚﻓ ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺪﻴﻟﺎﺑو ﺪﻴﺑ (E) ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻚﺴﻣا
4 ..(G) ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ
5 . ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ زوﺎﺠﺘﺗ ﻻ .(2 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺮﳌا (F) نﺎﻣﻷا م ّ
ﺻ ﱃإ ﻞﺼﺗ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻸﻣا
.نﺎﻣﻷا مﺻ
6 ..ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
7 . نﺎﻀﻴﻓ ﻦﻣ ًﺎﻓﻮﺧ ﻲﺠﻳرﺪﺗ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻸﻣا .ﺎﻬﻄﻐﻀﺗ ﻻو ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻸﻣا
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﺔﻓﺎﺣ ﻦﻋ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاﺰﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأو ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا عّزو .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌ َﺎﺼﻴﺼﺧ ﺔﺒّﻠﻌﻣو ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣو ةﺪﻴﺠﻟا ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻨﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ (E) ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ّﺪﺷ ﺐﻌﺼﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺢﺒﺼﻳ ،(G) ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا جﺮﺨﺗ ﻻ نأ ﻦﻜ .ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ بﴪﺘﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ .(K) ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﲆﻋ ﺪﻴﺟ
.ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا
قوﺮﺤﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
.ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﺗ ﻻ .ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ّﺪﺸﻟا مﺪﻋ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﲆﻋ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ّﺪﺷ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﻖﻠﻐﻣ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﻰﻘﺒﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
8 ..ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﻖﻠﻏأ .(D) ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﻊﺿ
9 ..ضّرﺆﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
10 ..ﺮﻤﺣﻷا نﻮﻠﻟﺎﺑ ّرﺰﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .(A) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻀﺤﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ّرﺰﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا أﺪﺒﻳ .ﺎﻬﻠﻣﺎﻜﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا جﺮﺨﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ جوﺮﺨﻟﺎﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا أﺪﺒﺗ
.ﺎﻬﺗراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟردو ﻢﺳﺪﻟا ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺗو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻂﻠﺨﻟ ةﻐﺻ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .ﺾﻴﻣﻮﻟﺎﺑ (A)
11 ..ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺐﻜﺳأ
،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻋ ًﻻﺪﺑ .ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ داﺪﻋإ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ّ
ﻚﻓ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ دﱪﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا
.قاﱰﺣﻻا ةرﻮﻄﺧ ﳾﻼﺘﻟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ وأ تازﺎّﻔﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻲﻘﺒﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﺪﻤﺠﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ،ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد 0 ﻦﻋ ﻪﺗراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻞﻘﺗ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ كﱰﺗ ﻻ
.راﴐأ ثاﺪﺣإو ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ
ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻓ سﺎﻴﻘﺑ ةﻮﻬﻗ
1 .. (F) نﺎﻣﻷا مﺻ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ زوﺎﺠﺗ مﺪﻋ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ،(2 ﻞﻜﺷ) ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻒﺼﻨﻟا ﱃإ (E) ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻸﻣا
2 ..ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺟﺎﻨﻓ ﺔﻌﺑرأ سﺎﻴﻘﺑو (G) ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻊﺿ
3 . ﺟﺎﻨﻓ ﺔﻌﺑرأ سﺎﻴﻘﺑ ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد (H) ﺊﻳﺎﻬﳌا صﺮﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻓ ﻀﺤﺘﻟ
.(3 ﻞﻜﺷ)
4 .."ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﺲﻔﻧ ﻊﺒﺗا
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ﺪﻨﻋ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧاو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻒﻗوأ .ﱰﻠﻔﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ داﺪﺴﻧا ﱃإ دﻮﻌﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ مﺪﻋ
.ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ةﺮﻘﻔﻟا ﰲ ﺒﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ أﺪﺑا ،ﻚﻟذ
ﺔﻧﻮﺨﺴﻟا ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو
ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ أﺪﺒﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﺖﻛﺮﺗ اذإ
.ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 30 ةﺪﳌ ﺔﻟﺎﻐﺷ ﺔﻧﻮﺨﺴﻟا ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﻰﻘﺒﺗ .ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻰﻘﺒﺗ ﻞﻜﺸﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ .ﺔﻧﻮﺨﺴﻟا
ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ لﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ ﱃإ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺼﻓ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺪﻌﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻎﻳﺮﻔﺗو ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺮﻌﻗ ﲆﻋ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا .ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺧاد (MIN/MAX) ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﳌﺎﺑ ﺪّﻴﻘﺘﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻊﻔﺗﺮﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ءﺎﳌا وأ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ اذإ .ءﺎﳌا وأ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟﺎﺑ ﻰﻄﻐﻣ ًﺎاد
ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﳌا وا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا جﺮﺨﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﻳ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ .ﺪﺋاز
.ﺨﺴﺘﻟا
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ءﺎﻣ وأ ﺐﻴﻠﺣ نوﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
.جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌا وأ جزﺎﻄﻟا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟﺎﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ ءﺎﻋو ﻸﻣا
.ءﺎﻣ وأ ﺐﻴﻠﺣ نوﺪﺑ يأ ،غرﺎﻓ ﻮﻫو ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ ﻞﻐﺸﺗ ﻻ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا وأ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻸ ﻻ
.تاﺮﻣ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ وأ ﺗﺮﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ .ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻒﻄﺷأو غّﺮﻓ .ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ،ءﺎﳌا ﲇﻏأ
ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻢﻴﺤﺸﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻧو ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ةﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟا هﺬﻫ نﻷ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻢﺘﻬﺗ ﻻ :ﱃوﻷا ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺤﺋار رﺪﺼﺗ نا ﻦﻜ
.ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﳽﻼﺘﺗ فﻮﺳو ،ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺾﻌﺒﻟ
ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣإ
ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ
ﻖﺤﻠﳌا رﺎﺘﺧا
.ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ دوﺰﳌا ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﻞﺧدأ ،ةﻮﻏﺮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺒﻛ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
.ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ دوﺰﻣ ﻐﻟا ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ تﺎﻴﻤﻛ ﻖﻔﺧ وأ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ةﻮﻏر ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
.ﺎﻬﻧاﺪﻘﻓ ﻦﻣ ًﺎﻓﻮﺧ (4 ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﲇﻔﺴﻟا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌاو ﺎﻬﺑ صﺎﺨﻟا ﺰﻴﺤﻟا ﰲ تﺎﻘﺤﻠﳌﺎﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا
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ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺐﻜﺳأ
1 ..ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻋ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ
2 ..ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺮﻌﻗ ﲆﻋ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﰲ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌا ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﻞﺧدأ
3 .:MAX ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ةرﺎﺷإ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺐﻜﺳأ
.ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ دوﺰﳌا ﻖﺤﻠﻤﻠﻟ MAX ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ةرﺎﺷإ
دوﺰﻣ ﻐﻟا ﻖﺤﻠﻤﻠﻟ MAX ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ةرﺎﺷإ
.ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ
4 ..ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺐﻛر
ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺨﺴﺗو ﻖﻔﺧ
1 ..ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﲆﻋ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ ﻊﺿ
2 ..ضّرﺆﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
3 ..ﺮﻤﺣﻷا نﻮﻠﻟﺎﺑ ّرﺰﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .ةﺪﺣاو ةﺮﻣ (B) ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
4 ..ةﻮﻏﺮﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺘﺑو ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺨﺴﺘﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ
.ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 1,5 ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ موﺪﺗ ،ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ دوﺰﳌا ﻖﺤﻠﳌا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 2 ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ موﺪﺗ ،ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ دوﺰﻣ ﻐﻟا ﻖﺤﻠﳌا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
(B) ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ ّرﺰﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا أﺪﺒﻳ
.ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ةﻮﻏﺮﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗو ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺨﺴﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﺗ
.
ﺾﻴﻣﻮﻟﺎﺑ
قوﺮﺤﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
.ﲇﻐﳌا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ذاذر ﺮﻄﺧ .ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا نﺎﻴﻠﻏ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺢﺘﻔﺗ ﻻ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻪﻌﻓر ﻞﺒﻗ ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
5 ..ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا .صﺎﺨﻟا ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺑ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ ﻊﻓرا
6 ..سﺄﻜﻟا ﰲ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺐﻜﺳأ
.ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﺑ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا فﺎﻔﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﳾﻼﺘﺗ ﻟ رﻮﻔﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻖﺤﻠﳌاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻌﺑ
درﺎﺒﻟا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ
.ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ دوﺰﳌا ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﻂﻘﻓ مﺪﺨﺘﺳا ،ﺔﻤﺳدو ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ ةﻮﻏر ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ .ﻪﻨﻴﺨﺴﺗ نوﺪﺑ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ةﻮﻏر ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻜ
1 . ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺨﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 2 ةﺪﳌ (B) ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟا ﻀﺤﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿأ
.قرزأ نﻮﻠﺑ ﻞﻌﺸﻳ ّرﺰﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ ّرﺰﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا أﺪﺒﻳ .ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ةﻮﻏر ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﺗ ،ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 1-1,5 ﺪﻌﺑ
.ﺾﻴﻣﻮﻟﺎﺑ (B)
ةﻮﻏﺮﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗو ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺨﺴﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻖﺒﺴﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﻬﻧإ وأ فﺎﻘﻳإ
1 ..زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﲆﻋ لﺪﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﺄﻔﻄﺗ .(B) ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
:ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻐﺿا ،ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧو ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ راﺮﻤﺘﺳﻼﻟ
ةﻮﻏﺮﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗو ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺨﺴﺗ تدرأ اذإ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺼﻗ ةﱰﻔﻟ -
.ﺨﺴﺗ نوﺪﺑ ةﻮﻏﺮﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ تدرأ اذإ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟو -
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ءﺎﳌا ﺨﺴﺗ
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻦﻣ (Q وأ P) ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﺪﻌﺑأ .ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺨﺴﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺨﺑ ﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﻘﺤﻠﳌا لﻌﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ
1 ..بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻸﻣا
.MAX ةرﺎﺒﻋ ﰲ ﺒﳌا ﺪﺤﻟا زوﺎﺠﺗ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ
2 ..ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺐﻛر
3 ..ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﲆﻋ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ ﻊﺿ
4 ..ضّرﺆﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
ءﺎﳌا ﲇﻏ
5 ..ﺮﻤﺣﻷا نﻮﻠﻟﺎﺑ ّرﺰﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .ةﺪﺣاو ةﺮﻣ (C) ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 80 ﺔﺟرﺪﺑ ءﺎﳌا ﺨﺴﺗ
6 . ﴍﺆﳌا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .ءﺎﳌا ﺨﺴﺘﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 2 ةﺪﳌ (C) ءﺎﳌا داﺪﻋإ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
.ﺮﻔﺻأ نﻮﻠﺑ ﻞﻌﺸﻳ ّرﺰﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا
ّرﺰﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا أﺪﺒﻳ .ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺔﺟرﺪﻟا ﱃإ ءﺎﳌا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻞﺼﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﻒﻗﻮﺘﺗ
.ﺾﻴﻣﻮﻟﺎﺑ (C) ءﺎﳌا داﺪﻋإ
قوﺮﺤﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
.ﲇﻐﻣ ءﺎﻣ ﻖّﻓﺪﺗ ﺮﻄﺧ .ءﺎﳌا نﺎﻴﻠﻏ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺢﺘﻔﺗ ﻻ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻪﻌﻓر ﻞﺒﻗ ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
7 ..ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا .صﺎﺨﻟا ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺑ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ ﻊﻓرا
8 ..ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﳌا ﺐﻜﺳأ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ ﻲﻘﺒﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا غّﺮﻓ ،لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﻛ ﺪﻌﺑ
.ﻂﺒﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻋإ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ﺔّﻴﻟﻵ ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﻟ اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺑ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا نﺎﻴﻠﻐﻟ
.تﺎﻔّﺜﻜﻣ ّﻻإ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣو :ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ةﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻲﻫ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺖﺤﺗ ءﺎﳌا طﺎﻘﻧ ﺾﻌﺑ دﻮﺟو
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃإ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ
ﺎاد ﻞﺼﻓأ .ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﲆﻋ لﺪﻳ اﺬﻬﻓ ،ةﺄﻔﻄﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا تاﴍﺆﳌا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﺖﻧﺎﻛو ّرز يأ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ اذإ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا
ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد عﺎﻔﺗرا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺤﻟا
عﺎﻔﺗرا ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 30-40 ﺪﻌﺑ ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺄﻔﻄﻳ ،ءﺎﻣ وأ ﺐﻴﻠﺣ نوﺪﺑ يأ ،غرﺎﻓ ﻮﻫو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ﻂﺒﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻋإ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ﺔّﻴﻟﻵ ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﻟ اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺑ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا نﺎﻴﻠﻐﻟ .ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻪﺗراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ ﱃإ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
ﻦﻋ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓ ﺪﻌﺑو ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ،ﺎﻘﺣﻻ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻣ ًﺎﻀﻳأ ﺪﺤﻟاو ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ ﻪﺘﻴﻟﺎّﻌﻓ ﲆﻋو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ
.ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻪﻔﻴﻈﻨﺗو ﻪﺘﻧﺎﻴﺻ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ،ﻪﻠﺧاد
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.ﴍﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻣ ءﺎﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﺴﻐﺗ ﻻ
ﺐﺠﻳ .ءﻠﻟ ﺲﻣﻼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ وأ ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟا ءﺎﻋو وأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
.ﺔﻨﻜﻤﳌا ءﺎﳌا تاﺮﻄﻗ وأ ذاذر ﻦﻣ ﺎﻀﻳأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺔﻳﺣ ﺐﺠﻳ . ﺔﺑﻮﻃﺮﻠﻟ تﺎﺒّﻛﺮﳌا ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ مﺪﻋ
.ﺔّﻳﻮﻗ وأ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ وأ ﺔﻳوﻴﻛ تﺎﻔﻈﻨﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ
قوﺮﺤﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ دﱪﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﻣ تاودأ وأ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ تﺎﻔّﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﺒﻃر شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﻣ تاودأ وأ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ تﺎﻔّﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﺒﻃر شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻦﻜ
ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻬﻟاﺪﺒﺘﺳﻻ وأ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ (J) صﺮﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟاو (I) بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ دﺎﻌﺑإ ﺪﻨﻋ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ذاذر وأ شر ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻬﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ةدﺎﻋإ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ
.(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺎﻬﻔّﻈﻧ ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻜﻌﻟا ﲆﻋو ،ةدوﺪﺴﻣ ﻏ صﺮﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
ﺔﻴﻠﺻأ رﺎﻴﻏ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .ﻬﻟاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻒﻠﺗ تﺎﻣﻼﻋ صﺮﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟاو بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ ﲆﻋ ىﺪﺑ اذإ
.ﺔﺼّﺧﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺋاﴍ ﻦﻜ
ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ
يدﺆﻳ ;ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﺮﻌﻗ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﺒﻃ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻣ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺟﺎﻨﻓ ةّﺪﻋ داﺪﻋإ ﺪﻌﺑو ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻊﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
ءاﺮﺟإ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻘﺒﻃ ﺔﻟازإ ﺮﺧﻵاو ﺤﻟا ﺑ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﳾﻼﺘﻟ .ﺢﻴﺷﱰﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺧﺄﺗ ﱃإ ﻚﻟذ
لﺎﺜﳌا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﲆﻋ) قﻮﺴﻟا ﰲ ةﺮﻓﻮﺘﳌاو ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا تﺎﺠﺘﻨﳌا مﺪﺨﺘﺳا .ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا
.(ﻚﻳﱰﺴﻟا ﺾﻣﺎﺣ
:ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟا ﻊﺒﺗا
1 ..ﺎﻬّﻜﻓ ﻢﺛ ،ةدرﺎﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ نأ ﻦﻣ ًﻻوأ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
2 ..ﺔﻋﺎﺳ ﻒﺼﻧ ةﺪﻣ ﺮﻈﺘﻧاو ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ صﺎﺨﻟا ﺞﺘﻨﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻸﻣا
3 ..ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻳﻼﻐﻠﻟ ﲇﺧاﺪﻟا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻠﺼﻔﻨﻣو ةدرﺎﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
4 . .ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﻒﻄﺷا ﻢﺛ ،ﺮﻌﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗو ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا غّﺮﻓ ،ﺔﻋﺎﺳ ﻒﺼﻧ روﺮﻣ ﺪﻌﺑ
.ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ
5 ..ﺎﻬﻴﻣراو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺟﺎﻨﻓ 3 ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ ّ
ﴬﺣ
.ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟا داﺪﺴﻧﻻا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ ﻲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ
ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﻪﻠﺧاد ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا فﺎﻔﺟ ﳾﻼﺘﻟ رﻮﻔﻟا ﲆﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻒﻈﻧ ،ةﻮﻏﺮﻠﻟ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗو ﺨﺴﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﻛ ﺪﻌﺑ
1 ..ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ
2 ..ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﺪﻌﺑأ
3 ..اوﻷا ﻒّﻈﻨﻣو ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ (Q/P) تﺎﻘﺤﻠﳌاو (O) ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﻞﺴﻏأ
4 ..اوﻸﻟ ﻒّﻈﻨﻣو ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ (R) ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﲇﺧاﺪﻟا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﻂﻘﻓ ﻞﺴﻏا
5 ..ﻊﻘﺒﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا صﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑو ،ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻌﺑ ﻒﻔﺟ
142
AR
ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ
ﻦﻣ ،ﻪﻠﺧاد ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻣ ًﺎﻀﻳأ ﺪﺤﻟاو ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ ﻪﺘﻴﻟﺎّﻌﻓ ﲆﻋو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ
ﺴﻌﻟا ءﻠﻟ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﳌا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺐﺴﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﺮﺛﺄﺗ اذإ ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ .ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻪﻔﻴﻈﻨﺗو ﻪﺘﻧﺎﻴﺻ لﻼﺧ
.ﻞﻠﺨﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ يﺬﻟا
.(ﻚﻳﱰﺴﻟا ﺾﻣﺎﺣ لﺎﺜﳌا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﲆﻋ) قﻮﺴﻟا ﰲ ةﺮﻓﻮﺘﳌاو ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا تﺎﺠﺘﻨﳌا مﺪﺨﺘﺳا
ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا فﺎﻘﻳإ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ّ
ﺺُﻗ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻪﻠﺼﻓ ﺐﺠﻳ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻂﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
ﺐﺴﺣ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟاو ﺎﻬﻨﻣ عﻮﻨﺼﳌا داﻮﳌا زﺮﻓ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،هﺮﻤﻋ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻌﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﻴﻄﺤﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺪﻠﺑ ﰲ ةﺪﺋﺎﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﺤﳌا ﻧاﻮﻘﻟاو ﻢﻈﻨﻟا ﺐﺴﺣو ﺎﻬﺘﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ
ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﺤﻟ تادﺎﺷرإ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا .ةذﺎﺷ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ رﻮﻔﻟا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻃا
.قاﱰﺣﻻا ةرﻮﻄﺧ ﳾﻼﺘﻟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ وأ تازﺎّﻔﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻋ ًﻻﺪﺑ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌاﻦﻜﻤﳌا ﺐﺒﺴﻟاﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺎﻣ
جﺮﺨﺗ ﻻ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا .ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﻣ دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟا ﻊﺿو ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ
ﻦﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ جوﺮﺧ
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ّ
فاﻮﺣ
ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ﻢﺗ ﻪﻧأ ﻞﻤﺘﺤﳌا ﻦﻣ
ﰲ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز
ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا
ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻰﺘﺣ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ّﺪﺷ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨ
.ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﲆﻋ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ
.ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد
بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ ﲆﻋ ﻲﻘﺑ
.ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ
ﺔﺷﺎّﻜﻧ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻋا
.ﺞﻨﻔﺳا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ وأ نﺎﻨﺳأ
(J) صﺮﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ
.ةدوﺪﺴﻣ
وأ تازﺎّﻔﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ
ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻒّﻈﻧ .ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ّ
ﻚﻓ .شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ
ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ةدوﺪﺴﳌا بﻮﻘﺜﻟا سﻮﺑد وأ ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ
.(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) صﺮﻗ
وأ قوﺮﺤﻣ بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ
قّﺰﻤﻣ
.بّﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ لﺪﺒﺘﺳا
ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻪّﻔﻟ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﲆﻋ
.ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﺗ ﻻ .مﺰﻌﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ّ
ﻒﻟ
143
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ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌاﻦﻜﻤﳌا ﺐﺒﺴﻟاﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺎﻣ
وأ جﺮﺨﺗ ﻻ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
ءﻲﻄﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ جﺮﺨﺗ
.ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻠﻟ
(J) صﺮﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ
.ةدوﺪﺴﻣ
وأ تازﺎّﻔﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ
ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻒّﻈﻧ .ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ّ
ﻚﻓ .شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ
ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ةدوﺪﺴﳌا بﻮﻘﺜﻟا سﻮﺑد وأ ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ
.(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) صﺮﻗ
.اﺪﺟ ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا.ﻦﺸﺧأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لوﺎﺣ
ﺔﻃﻮﻐﻀﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
.ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗأ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿ
ﺮﻌﻗ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻛ تﺎﺒﺳﺮﺗ ﺖﻠﻜﺸﺗ
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا
ةﺮﻘﻓ ﰲ ﺒﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ
."زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ"
اﺪﺟ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ةدرﺎﺑو
ﻦﺸﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.اﺪﺟ
ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳو (ﺔﻠﻴﻘﺛ) ةﺰﻛﺮﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
.ﻢﻌﻧأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا
.ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ﻢﺗ
ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟا ﻊﺿو ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ
ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻓ ﺖﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳا اذإ نﺎﻣﻷا مﺻ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ .ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ
مﺻ ﺖﺤﺗ .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺟﺎﻨﻓ ﺔﻌﺑرأ ﺔﻌﺴﺑ ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ
ﻦﻣ ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻓ ﺔﻌﺴﺑ ﺊﻳﺎﻬﳌا صﺮﻘﻟا ﺖﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳا اذإ نﺎﻣﻷا
.(3 ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻒﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌاﻦﻜﻤﳌا ﺐﺒﺴﻟاﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺎﻣ
ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
ﻒﻗﻮﺘﺗ ةﻮﻏﺮﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗو
.ﺎﻬﻧاوأ ﻞﺒﻗ
ﺨﺴﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟا ﻢﺗ
نﺎﻛ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧو
.ﻦﺧﺎﺳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا
ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﱃإ ﺸﺗ
.قرزأ نﻮﻟ ﻲﻄﻌﺗ
.ةﺪﺋاز زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ
ﲆﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻐﺷو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا
.MAX ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ةرﺎﺷإ زوﺎﺠﺗ مﺪﻋ قﻼﻃﻹا
،ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺨﺴﺗ ﻢﺗ
.ﻪﻘﻔﺧ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻦﻜﻟو
ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا لﺎﺧدإ ﻢﺘﻳ
ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﲇﻋ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺮﻌﻗ ﲆﻋ
ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا غّﺮﻓ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ
.ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﻞﺧدأ .ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا
،ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺨﺴﺗ ﻢﺗ
ﻪﻘﻔﺧ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻦﻜﻟو
.ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ
.ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻏ ﻖﺤﻠﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻢﺗ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا غّﺮﻓ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ
.ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌا ﺢﻠﳌا رﺎﺘﺧا .ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا
ﲆﻋ وأ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﲆﻋ ﺦﺳو ﺪﺟﻮﻳ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺮﻌﻗ
.ﻖﺤﻠﳌاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ
144
AR
ﺞﻴﺠﺿ رﺪﺼﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
.ﺐﻳﺮﻏ
ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا
ﰲﺎﻛ ﻏ
ﻦﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ
ﰲ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ﺐﻜﺳأ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ
مﺪﻋ قﻼﻃﻹا ﲆﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻐﺷو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا
.MAX ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ةرﺎﺷإ زوﺎﺠﺗ
ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا لﺎﺧدإ ﻢﺘﻳ
ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﲇﻋ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺮﻌﻗ ﲆﻋ
ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا غّﺮﻓ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ
ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﻞﺧدأ .ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﻞﺧدأ .ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا
.ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ
ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻏ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا
ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﲆﻋ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺐﻛر