Ariete 1380 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for 1380 by Ariete which is a product in the Coffee Makers category. This manual has pages.
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COD. 4095101400 REV. 1 del 10/09/2021
827070
De’ Longhi Appliances Srl
Divisione Commerciale Ariete
Via San Quirico, 300
50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI)
E-Mail: info@ariete.net
Internet: www.ariete.net
800-809065
1380
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ABOUT THIS MANUAL
(YHQLIWKHDSSOLDQFHVKDYHEHHQPDQXIDFWXUHGLQFRPSOLDQFHZLWKWKHVSHFL¿F(XURSHDQ6WDQGDUGVLQIRUFH
and all their potentially dangerous parts are therefore protected, read these warnings carefully and use the ap-
pliance only for its intended use in order to avoid injury and damage. Keep this manual handy for future refer-
HQFH6KRXOG\RXGHFLGHWRJLYHWKLVDSSOLDQFHWRRWKHUSHRSOHUHPHPEHUWRLQFOXGHWKHVHLQVWUXFWLRQVDVZHOO
The information provided in this manual is marked with the following symbols, which mean:
Danger for children
Danger due to electricity
Danger of damage due to other causes
Warning of burns
Caution – material damage
INTENDED USE
The coffee machine (“appliance” from now on) can be used to prepare coffees and cappuccinos. It is also
possible to make teas or infusions through the hot water dispensing function. This appliance is designed only
and solely for private use, and is therefore to be considered unsuitable for industrial or commercial purposes.
Any other use of the appliance is not intended by the Manufacturer, which is exempt from any liability for
damage of any kind, generated by improper use of the appliance. Improper use also results in voiding any
form of warranty.
RESIDUAL RISKS
The construction features of the appliance covered by this manual do not grant the user to be protected from
the direct jet of steam or hot water.
Warning!
Danger of burns - When dispensing hot water or steam, never direct the jets towards other people or
yourself. Only touch the steam/hot water wand on the rubber part. Do not touch the steel tube.
Only use containers made of "food-grade" material.
SAFETY WARNINGS
READ THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USE.
7KHDSSOLDQFHKDVEHHQGHVLJQHGWREHXVHGIRUKRXVHKROGSXUSRVHVRUVLPLODU
such as:
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ronments
- on farms
- hotels, motels, bed & breakfasts and other residential facilities (for use by guests).
:HGHFOLQHDQ\UHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUPLVXVHRUIRUDQ\XVHRWKHUWKDQWKRVHVSHFL¿HG
in this manual.
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for failures resulting from inadequate packaging of the product during shipping to
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20
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Danger for children
7KHDSSOLDQFHFDQEHXVHGE\FKLOGUHQRYHU\HDUVRIDJHDQGE\SHRSOHZLWK
reduced physical, sensory or mental capacities, or who lack of experience or
knowledge, only if they are supervised by a responsible person or if they have
received and understood the instructions and the existing dangers when using
the appliance.
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&OHDQLQJDQGPDLQWHQDQFHRSHUDWLRQVGHVFULEHGLQWKLVPDQXDOVKDOOQRWEHPDGH
E\FKLOGUHQXQOHVVWKH\DUHROGHUWKDQDQGVXSHUYLVHG
$OZD\VNHHSWKHDSSOLDQFHDQGWKHSRZHUFRUGRXWRIWKHUHDFKRIFKLOGUHQXQGHU
WKHDJHRI
'RQRWOHWWKHSRZHUFRUGKDQJLQDSODFHZKHUHLWFRXOGEHJUDVSHGE\DFKLOG
'RQRWOHDYHWKHSDFNDJLQJQHDUFKLOGUHQDVLWLVDSRWHQWLDOVRXUFHRIGDQJHU
,I\RXGHFLGHWRGLVSRVHRIWKLVDSSOLDQFHDVZDVWHLWLVUHFRPPHQGHGWRPDNHLW
inoperative by cutting the power cord. It is also recommended that all potentially
dangerous components of the appliance, especially for children who could use
the appliance as a game, are rendered harmless.
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danger of ingestion and injury.
Danger due to electricity
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shown on the rating plate under the appliance matches the local voltage supply.
7KHXVHRIH[WHQVLRQFRUGVQRWDXWKRUL]HGE\WKHPDQXIDFWXUHUFDQOHDGWRGDP-
ages and accidents.
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outlet.
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EHIRUH¿OOLQJWKHWDQNZLWKZDWHU
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'RQRWOHDYHWKHSRZHUFRUGDJDLQVWVKDUSSDUWV
0DNHVXUHWKDWWKHSRZHUFRUGQHYHUWRXFKHVKRWVXUIDFHV
&OHDQLQJDQGPDLQWHQDQFHRSHUDWLRQVVKDOOEHFDUULHGRXWZKHQWKHDSSOLDQFHLV
off and unplugged from the power outlet.
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,IWKHDSSOLDQFHLVOHIWXQXVHGDOVRIRUDVKRUWSHULRGRIWLPHWXUQLWRIIDQGDOZD\V
unplug the power cord from the power outlet.
Danger of damage due to other causes
,QRUGHUWROLIWWKHDSSOLDQFHKROGLWE\WKHERG\
3ODFHWKHDSSOLDQFHLQDQHQYLURQPHQWWKDWLVVXI¿FLHQWO\OLWFOHDQDQGZKHUHWKH
power outlet is easily accessible.
21
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'RQRWOHDYHWKHDSSOLDQFHXQDWWHQGHGZKLOHFRQQHFWHGWRWKHSRZHUVXSSO\
1HYHUSXOOWKHSRZHUFRUGRUWKHDSSOLDQFHWRGLVFRQQHFWWKHSOXJIURPWKHSRZHU
outlet.
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7KHDSSOLDQFHVKDOOQRWEHXVHGLILWKDVEHHQGURSSHGLIWKHUHDUHYLVLEOHVLJQV
of damage or if it has water leaks. Do not use the appliance if the power cord or
the plug are damaged, or if the appliance is faulty. All repairs, including the power
FRUGUHSODFHPHQWVKDOOEHFDUULHGRXWRQO\E\WKH$ULHWH6HUYLFH&HQWUHRUE\
Ariete authorized technicians, in order to prevent any risk.
Warning of burns
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'RQRWWRXFKWKHH[WHUQDOPHWDOSDUWVRIWKHDSSOLDQFHDQGRIWKH¿OWHUKROGHU
when the appliance is operational, since this may cause burns.
2QO\WRXFKWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQGRQWKHUXEEHUSDUW
:DWHUQRWFRPLQJRXWRIWKH¿OWHUKROGHUFRXOGEHGXHWRWKH¿OWHUEHLQJFORJJHG
6ORZO\UHPRYHDQGGLVDVVHPEOHWKH¿OWHUKROGHUEHFDXVHDQ\UHVLGXDOSUHVVXUH
PLJKWFDXVHVSODVKHVRUVSUD\V&DUU\RXWFOHDQLQJDVGHVFULEHGLQWKHVSHFL¿F
paragraph.
Caution – material damage
3ODFHWKHDSSOLDQFHRQDVWDEOHDQGGU\VXUIDFH
'RQRWXVHWKHDSSOLDQFHZLWKRXWZDWHUDVWKHSXPSZRXOGEXUQRXW
:KHQ¿OLQJWKHZDWHUWDQNGRQRWXVHVSDUNOLQJKRWRUZDUPZDWHURUDQ\RWKHU
liquids that could damage the appliance.
'RQRWSODFHWKHDSSOLDQFHRQYHU\KRWVXUIDFHVRUQHDURSHQÀDPHVWRSUHYHQW
its body from being damaged.
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1HYHULQWURGXFHVXEVWDQFHVRWKHUWKDQFRIIHHSRZGHULQWRWKHFXSDQGFXSV
FRIIHH¿OWHUV7KLVPLJKWFDXVHVHULRXVGDPDJHWRWKHDSSOLDQFH
'RQRWOHWWKHDSSOLDQFHH[SRVHGWRWHPSHUDWXUHVORZHUWKDQ&DVZDWHUGH-
posits into the boiler might get frozen and damage the appliance.
'RQRWXVHWKHDSSOLDQFHRXWGRRUV
'RQRWOHDYHWKHDSSOLDQFHH[SRVHGWRZHDWKHULQJVXFKDVUDLQRUVXQ
$IWHUXQSOXJJLQJWKHDSSOLDQFHDQGZKHQKRWSDUWVKDYHFRROHGGRZQWKHDSSOL-
ance shall only be cleaned using a non-abrasive cloth slightly damped with water
and a few drops of mild, non-aggressive detergent.
1HYHUXVHVROYHQWVWKDWGDPDJHSODVWLFSDUWV
'R QRW GLVDVVHPEOH WKHDSSOLDQFH7KHUHDUHQRLQWHUQDO SDUWVWREHXVHGRU
cleaned.
6$9(7+(6(,16758&7,216)25)8785(5()(5(1&(
22
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DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLIANCE
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light ( )/ 6WHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG
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light ( )1 6WHDPKRWZDWHUGLVSHQVLQJNQRE
O - Water tank
& 6WHDPEXWWRQZLWKLQGLFDWRUOLJKW )3 :DWHUWDQNOLG
D - Filter holder seat Q - Cleaning needle
E - Removable grid R - Coffee tamper
F - Drip tray 6 3RG¿OWHU
G - Cup-holder grid 7 FXS¿OWHU
+ 3RZHUEXWWRQ 8 FXSV¿OWHU
I - Float V - Drain disc
- %RG\RIWKHDSSOLDQFH W - Filter holder
. 6WHHOWXEH X - Locking screw of the drain disc
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
Starting the appliance
Remove the packing material and check that all components are present.
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:DVKWKHWDQNWKHFXS¿OWHUWKHFXSV¿OWHUWKHSRG¿OWHUWKHGULSWUD\WKHUHPRYDEOHJULGDQGWKH¿OWHUKROGHU
Warning
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outlet.
Preliminary operations
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,QVHUWWKHGULSWUD\)DWWKHEDVHRIWKHDSSOLDQFH)LJ
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Warning
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with water.
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23
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Warning
:KHQ¿OLQJWKHZDWHUWDQNGRQRWXVHVSDUNOLQJKRWRUZDUPZDWHURUDQ\RWKHUOLTXLGVWKDWFRXOG
damage the appliance.
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1(9(5H[FHHGWKH0$;OHYHOZKHQÀOOLQJWKHWDQN
&ORVHWKHZDWHUWDQNOLG3)LJ
7 Insert the water tank (O) into its seat (Fig. 7).
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&KHFNWKHWDQNLVSURSHUO\LQVWDOOHGRWKHUZLVHWKHDSSOLDQFHPLJKWQRWEUHZFRIIHH
First start-up
Warning
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&KHFNWKHYROWDJHLQGLFDWHGRQWKHUDWLQJSODWHRIWKHDSSOLDQFHPDWFKHVWKHORFDOYROWDJHVXSSO\
3OXJWKHDSSOLDQFHLQWRWKHSRZHURXWOHW)LJ
)DVWHQWKH¿OWHUKROGHUWRLWVVHDWZLWKRXWLQVHUWLQJDQ\¿OWHU
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7KHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS RIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV )
and of the steam button ( ÀDVK:KHQWKHDSSOLDQFHUHDFKHVWKHULJKWWHPSHUDWXUHIRUEUHZLQJFRIIHHWKH
indicato
r lights of the buttons ( ), ( ), ( ) turn on and steady.
%HIRUHXVLQJWKHDSSOLDQFHIRUWKH¿UVWWLPHFDUU\RXWDFOHDQLQJF\FOHRIWKHLQWHUQDOFLUFXLWV
3ODFHDFRQWDLQHUZLWKDFDSDFLW\RIDWOHDVWPOXQGHUWKH¿OWHUKROGHU)LJ
3UHVVWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV )LJ6WDUWGLVSHQVLQJDQGZDLWXQWLOZDWHUUXQV
WKURXJKWKH¿OWHUKROGHU
:KHQGLVSHQVLQJLVFRPSOHWHSODFHDFRQWDLQHUXQGHUWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG)LJ
- T urn the steam/hot water dispensing knob to the hot water/steam position ( )LJ6WDUWGLVSHQV-
ing and wait until water runs through the steam/hot water wand. T urn the steam/hot water dispensing knob
back to position ( ) to stop dispensing hot water.
Repeat the procedure until consuming all the water into the tank.
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GD\V
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FRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS RIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV DQGRIWKHVWHDP
EXWWRQ ÁDVK7RUHVWRUHWKHDSSOLDQFHRSHUDWLRQUHDGWKH´)LOOLQJWKHZDWHUWDQNGXULQJXVHµ
SDUDJUDSK
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5HPRYLQJWKHÀOWHU
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24
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HOW TO MAKE COFFEE
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Warning
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with water.
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Warning
:KHQ¿OLQJWKHZDWHUWDQNGRQRWXVHVSDUNOLQJKRWRUZDUPZDWHURUDQ\RWKHUOLTXLGVWKDWFRXOG
damage the appliance.
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1(9(5H[FHHGWKH0$;OHYHOZKHQÀOOLQJWKHWDQN
&ORVHWKHZDWHUWDQNOLG3)LJ
,QVHUWWKHZDWHUWDQN2LQWRLWVVHDW)LJ
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&KHFNWKHWDQNLVSURSHUO\LQVWDOOHGRWKHUZLVHWKHDSSOLDQFHPLJKWQRWEUHZFRIIHH
&KRRVHWKHGHVLUHG¿OWHU7IRUFXSDQG8IRUFXSVWKHQSODFHLWLQWKH¿OWHUKROGHU)LJ0HDVXUH
WKHFRIIHHLQWKH¿OWHUDQGSUHVVWKHJURXQGFRIIHHZHOOXVLQJWKHSURYLGHGWDPSHU5)LJ
Warning!
,IDQH[FHVVLYHDPRXQWRIFRIIHHSRZGHULVDGGHGLQVLGHWKH¿OWHULWPD\EHGLI¿FXOWWRWXUQWKH¿OWHU
KROGHUDQGRUGXULQJFRIIHHEUHZLQJWKHUHPD\EHOHDNVIURPWKH¿OWHUKROGHU
,QVHUWWKH¿OWHUKROGHU:LQWRLWVVHDWPDNLQJVXUHWKHKDQGOHLVDOLJQHGZLWKWKHV\PERO ) on the body
RIWKHDSSOLDQFH)LJ
7XUQWKH¿OWHUKROGHUXQWLOWKHKDQGOHLVDOLJQHGZLWKWKHV\PERO ).
0DNHVXUHWKHÀOWHUKROGHULVZHOOIDVWHQHGWRWKHÁDQJH)LJ
Choosing the right cup
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Espresso coffee 6LQJOH
Double PODSSUR[
PODSSUR[
7KHFXSV¿OWHUFDQEHXVHGWREUHZWZRVLQJOHFXSVRIFRIIHHRUWRPDNHDGULSFRIIHHRUDVWURQJHUFRIIHH
Adjusting the amount of dispensed water for 1 or 2 cups
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SHQVLQJWKURXJKWKH¿OWHUKROGHU
The amount of water being dispensed affects cof fee taste as well as the quality of the cream. T ry changing this
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127(WKHDPRXQWRIZDWHUWREHGLVSHQVHGIRURUFXSVVKDOOEHDGMXVWHGZKLOHFRIIHHLVEHLQJ
EUHZHG
7RVHWWKHDPRXQWRIZDWHUWREHGLVSHQVHGIRUFXSRIFRIIHHSUHVVDQGKROGWKHEXWWRQ ) for the needed
WLPH7KHWLPHSDVVHGZKLOHSUHVVLQJWKHEXWWRQZLOOVHWWKHDPRXQWRIZDWHUWREHGLVSHQVHGIRUFXSRI
FRIIHH7RVHWWKHDPRXQWRIZDWHUWREHGLVSHQVHGIRUFXSVSUHVVDQGKROGWKHEXWWRQ ) for the needed
WLPH7KHWLPHSDVVHGZKLOHSUHVVLQJWKHEXWWRQZLOOVHWWKHDPRXQWRIZDWHUWREHGLVSHQVHGIRUFXSVRI
coffee.
25
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Coffee brewing
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3UHVVWKHSRZHUEXWWRQ+)LJ
7KHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS RIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV )
and of the steam button ( ÀDVK:KHQWKHDSSOLDQFHUHDFKHVWKHULJKWWHPSHUDWXUHIRUEUHZLQJFRIIHHWKH
indicator lights of the buttons ( ), ( ), ( ) turn on and steady.
7RHQVXUHWKH¿UVWFRIIHHLVKRWLWLVUHFRPPHQGHGWROHWWKH¿OWHUKROGHUKHDWXSE\NHHSLQJLWLQLWVVHDWIRUD
few minutes before making coffee. This will not be necessary for subsequent coffees.
3UHVVWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQ WREUHZFXSRIFRIIHHRUSUHVVWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQ ) to
EUHZFXSVRIFRIIHH
7RVWRSEUHZLQJEHIRUHWKHSURFHVVLVRYHUSUHVVWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQDJDLQ
Warning!
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Warning!
:KHQFRIIHHEUHZLQJLVFRPSOHWHZDLWDWOHDVWWHQVHFRQGVEHIRUHUHPRYLQJWKH¿OWHUKROGHUWRUHPRYH
WKH¿OWHUKROGHUWXUQLWVORZO\IURPULJKWWROHIWWRDYRLGZDWHURUFRIIHHVSODVKHVRUVSUD\V
6KRXOGVPDOOEORZVRIVWHDPRFFXUIURPWKH¿OWHUKROGHUVHDWWKLVSKHQRPHQRQLVWREHFRQVLGHUHGDEVROXWHO\
normal.
When brewing is complete, the indicator lights of the buttons ( ), ( ), ( ) turn on steady.
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HOW TO MAKE COFFEE USING A POD
,QVHUWWKHSRG¿OWHU6LQWRWKH¿OWHUKROGHU:
3ODFHWKHSRGLQWRWKH¿OWHU)LJ
8VH\RXU¿QJHUVWRSXVKWKHSRGLQZDUGV7KHSRGVKDOOEHZHOOFHQWUHGDQGSODFHGLQVLGHWKH¿OWHUKROGHU
7RSUHYHQWSRVVLEOHZDWHUOHDNVIROGDQGSODFHWKHH[WHUQDOSDSHUSDUWVRIWKHSRGZKLFKPLJKWVWLFNRXW
RIWKH¿OWHUKROGHULQVLGHWKH¿OWHU)LJ
<RXFDQQRZLQVWDOOWKH¿OWHUKROGHULQLWVVHDW
,QVHUWWKH¿OWHUKROGHU:LQWRLWVVHDWPDNLQJVXUHWKHKDQGOHLVDOLJQHGZLWKWKHV\PERO ) on the body
RIWKHDSSOLDQFH)LJ
7XUQWKH¿OWHUKROGHUXQWLOWKHKDQGOHLVDOLJQHGZLWKWKHV\PERO ).
$IWHUPDNLQJFRIIHHWKHSRGPLJKWJHWVWXFNLQWKH¿OWHUKROGHUVHDWZKLOHUHPRYLQJWKH¿OWHUKROGHU7R
UHPRYHLWVOLJKWO\WLOWWKH¿OWHUKROGHU)LJVRDVWROHWWKHSRGIDOOLQWRLW
7RDOZD\VPDNHDQH[FHOOHQWFRIIHHEX\SRGVSUHVHQWLQJWKH(6(FRPSDWLELOLW\PDUN
,IWKHSRGLVQRWFRUUHFWO\LQVHUWHGRUWKHÀOWHUKROGHULVQRWWLJKWHQHGZHOODIHZGURSVRIZDWHUPD\
OHDNRXWRIWKHÀOWHUKROGHU
HOW TO MAKE MILK FROTH FOR YOUR COFFEE
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You can use a large cup, if desired.
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Warning!
Danger of burns. Only touch the steam/hot water wand on the rubber part. Do not touch the steel tube.
Danger of burns due to splashes of hot water and steam that may escape from the steam/hot water
wand.
26
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3UHVVWKHVWHDPEXWWRQ 7KHVWHDPEXWWRQLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVWDUWVÀDVKLQJ:DLWXQWLOWKHVWHDPEXWWRQ
indicator light turns on steady, thus indicating that the temperature in the boiler has reached the optimum
level so as to deliver steam.
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'HHSO\LQWURGXFHWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG/LQWRWKHMXJZLWKPLON)LJ
7 Turn the steam/hot water dispensing knob to the hot water/steam position ( )LJ7KHDSSOLDQFH
will start delivering steam.
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0LONLVIURWKHGZKHQIURWKDSSHDUVLQWRWKHFRQWDLQHU)LJ
7XUQWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUGLVSHQVLQJNQREEDFNWRSRVLWLRQ ) to stop delivering steam.
$IWHUHDFKXVHGHOLYHUVWHDPIRUDIHZVHFRQGVVRDVWRIUHHWKHVSRXWRIWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG
IURPDQ\PLONUHVLGXHV
8VHDQRQDEUDVLYHGDPSFORWKWRFOHDQWKHVSRXWRIWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQGDQGWKHVWHHOWXEH
3RXUWKHPLONIURWKLQWRWKHFXSRIFRIIHHSUHSDUHGHDUOLHU
REUSING THE APPLIANCE TO MAKE ANOTHER COFFEE
To make coffee again immediately after delivering steam, it is necessary to let the appliance cool down.
3ODFHDFRQWDLQHUXQGHUWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG)LJ
7XUQWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUGLVSHQVLQJNQREWRWKHKRWZDWHUVWHDPSRVLWLRQ )LJ7KHDSSOLDQFH
will start dispensing hot water.
Hot water dispensing allows the appliance to cool down more rapidly. When the appliance reaches the optimal
temperature, hot water dispensing automatically stops.
7XUQWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUGLVSHQVLQJNQREEDFNWRSRVLWLRQ ) to stop dispensing hot water.
The appliance is ready to make coffee again.
HOW TO DISPENSE HOT WATER
Warning!
Danger of burns. Only touch the steam/hot water wand on the rubber part. Do not touch the steel tube.
Danger of burns due to splashes of hot water and steam that may escape from the steam/hot water
wand.
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7XUQWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUGLVSHQVLQJNQREWRWKHKRWZDWHUVWHDPSRVLWLRQ )LJ7KHDSSOLDQFH
will start dispensing hot water.
7XUQWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUGLVSHQVLQJNQREEDFNWRSRVLWLRQ ) to stop dispensing hot water.
USEFUL TIPS TO GET A GOOD ITALIAN ESPRESSO
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WKHFRIIHHJULQGLQJOHYHORQWKHTXDQWLW\RIFRIIHHLQWURGXFHGLQWRWKH¿OWHUKROGHUDQGRQWKHSUHVVLQJ$IHZ
VHFRQGVLVHQRXJKWLPHIRUWKHFRIIHHWRÀRZLQWRWKHFXSV,IWKHEUHZLQJWLPHLVORQJHULWPHDQVJULQGLQJLV
WRR¿QHRUWKHSRZGHULQWURGXFHGLQWRWKH¿OWHUKROGHUKDVEHHQH[FHVVLYHO\SUHVVHG
27
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FILLING THE WATER TANK DURING USE
Warning
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with water.
'RQRW¿OOWKHZDWHUWDQNZKLOHLWLVLQVWDOOHGLQWKHDSSOLDQFH'DQJHURIHOHFWULFVKRFN
Warning
:KHQ¿OLQJWKHZDWHUWDQNGRQRWXVHVSDUNOLQJKRWRUZDUPZDWHURUDQ\RWKHUOLTXLGVWKDWFRXOG
damage the appliance.
Always check the water level in the tank.
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5HPRYHWKHZDWHUWDQN2IURPWKHDSSOLDQFH)LJ
2SHQWKHZDWHUWDQNOLG3)LJ
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1(9(5H[FHHGWKH0$;OHYHOZKHQÀOOLQJWKHWDQN
&ORVHWKHZDWHUWDQNOLG3)LJ
,QVHUWWKHZDWHUWDQN2LQWRLWVVHDW)LJ
3URSHUO\DQGIXOO\LQVWDOOWKHZDWHUWDQNLQLWVVHDWIRUWKHSURSHURSHUDWLRQRIWKHDSSOLDQFH
&KHFNWKHWDQNLVSURSHUO\LQVWDOOHGRWKHUZLVHWKHDSSOLDQFHPLJKWQRWEUHZFRIIHH
Warning!
Danger of burns due to splashes of hot water and steam that may escape from the steam/hot water
wand.
,IWKHDSSOLDQFHVWLOOGRHVQRWEUHZFRIIHHDIWHUKDYLQJFRUUHFWO\¿OOHGDQGUHLQVWDOOHGWKHWDQNSURFHHGDV
follows:
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3UHVVWKHSRZHUEXWWRQ+)LJ
- T urn the steam/hot water dispensing knob to the hot water/steam position ( )LJ6WDUWGLVSHQV-
ing and wait until water runs through the steam/hot water wand.
- Turn the steam/hot water dispensing knob back to position ( ) to stop dispensing hot water.
AUTO-OFF FUNCTION
The appliance is equipped with an automatic shut-off system in accordance with the new regulations concern-
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necessary to turn on the appliance again by pressing the power button (H). When the appliance reaches the
right temperature for brewing coffee, the indicator lights of the buttons ( ), ( ), ( ) turn on and steady.
CLEANING THE APPLIANCE
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Warning!
Cleaning and maintenance operations shall be carried out when the appliance is off and unplugged
from the power outlet.
Warning!
Cleaning shall be carried out when the hot parts of the appliance cooled down.
Warning!
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Do not use abrasive cleansers or metal tools in order not to scratch and damage steel surfaces.
28
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&OHDQLQJÀOWHUVFRQWDLQLQJFRIIHHSRZGHU
0DNHVXUHWKHKROHVDUHQRWFORJJHG/HWKRWZDWHUUXQWKURXJKWKH¿OWHUKROGHULQVWDOOHGZLWKRXWDGGLQJ
ground coffee, to remove any coffee residue or other impurities.
Warning!
6ORZO\UHPRYHDQGGLVDVVHPEOHWKH¿OWHUKROGHUEHFDXVHDQ\UHVLGXDOSUHVVXUHPLJKWFDXVHVSODVKHV
or sprays.
,WLVUHFRPPHQGHGWRFOHDQWKH¿OWHUVWKRURXJKO\DSSUR[LPDWHO\HYHU\PRQWKVXVLQJ¿OWHUFOHDQLQJWDEOHWV
available on the market, following the steps below:
3ODFHD¿OWHUFOHDQLQJWDEOHWLQWRWKH¿OWHUZLWKRXWFRIIHH
)DVWHQWKH¿OWHUKROGHUWRLWVVHDW
3UHVVWKHFXSVFRIIHHEXWWRQ ) to start dispensing.
/HWWKHWDEOHWDFWIRUDWOHDVWPLQXWHV
3UHVVWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQDJDLQWRVWRSGLVSHQVLQJ
5HSHDWZDWHUGLVSHQVLQJ/HWLWVLWIRUDPLQXWH5HSHDWWKHRSHUDWLRQIRUGLVSHQVLQJF\FOHV
5HPRYHWKH¿OWHUKROGHUIURPLWVVHDWUHPRYHWKH¿OWHUIURPWKH¿OWHUKROGHUDQGULQVHDOOFRPSRQHQWVXQGHU
running tap water.
7XUQRIIDQGXQSOXJWKHDSSOLDQFHIURPWKHSRZHURXWOHW
&OHDQWKHLQWHUQDOSDUWVXVLQJDVRIWVSRQJHWRUHPRYHDQ\GHWHUJHQWUHVLGXH)LJ
5HSHDWWKHRSHUDWLRQIRUDOO¿OWHUV
If the appliance is used daily, it is recommended to carry out this cleaning operation at least every three
months.
&OHDQLQJWKHÀOWHUKROGHUVHDW
Warning!
'RQRWOHDYHWKH¿OWHUKROGHUIDVWHQHGWRLWVVHDW7KHVHDOORFDWHGLQWKH¿OWHUKROGHUVHDWPLJKWJHW
damaged.
2YHUWLPHLWPD\RFFXUWKDWDVHGLPHQWDWLRQRIFRIIHHJURXQGVFROOHFWVLQWRWKH¿OWHUKROGHUVHDWZKLFKFDQEH
UHPRYHGXVLQJDWRRWKSLFNDVSRQJH)LJRUOHWWLQJZDWHUUXQWKURXJKZLWKRXWLQVWDOOLQJWKH¿OWHUKROGHU
)LJ
7KLVULQVLQJRSHUDWLRQRIWKH¿OWHUKROGHUVHDWVKDOOEHFDUULHGRXWDERXWHYHU\FRIIHHEUHZLQJV
3UHVVWKHFXSVFRIIHHEXWWRQ ) to start dispensing. The appliance will start dispensing water. Wait until
DWOHDVWPORIZDWHUDUHGLVSHQVHG
Cleaning the steam/hot water wand
Warning!
The procedure shall be carried out when the steam/hot water wand has cooled down in order to avoid
burns.
After each use, clean the steam/hot water wand using a damp cloth to remove any external milk residues. To
remove any internal residues, follow the steps below:
7XUQWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUGLVSHQVLQJNQREWRWKHKRWZDWHUVWHDPSRVLWLRQ )LJ'HOLYHUVWHDP
for a few seconds.
7XUQWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUGLVSHQVLQJNQREEDFNWRSRVLWLRQ ) to stop delivering steam.
3UHVVWKHSRZHUEXWWRQ+WRWXUQRIIWKHDSSOLDQFH)LJ
Clean the components of the steam/hot water wand regularly.
3XOORXWWKHVWHHOWXEH)LJDQGUHPRYHWKHUXEEHUSDUWRIWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQGE\SXOOLQJLWRXW
downwards. Wash under running water. The hole can be cleaned using a non-abrasive cloth.
- Install the steel tube (K) until it is locked in place. Insert the rubber part by pushing it upwards. If needed,
FOHDQWKHVWHDPRXWOHWKROHXVLQJWKHSURYLGHGQHHGOH4)LJ
29
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Cleaning the water tank
Regularly clean the inside of the water tank using a sponge or a damp cloth.
Cleaning the appliance body
Warning!
Do not use abrasive detergents.
&OHDQWKH¿[HGSDUWVRIWKHDSSOLDQFHXVLQJDQRQDEUDVLYHGDPSFORWKWRSUHYHQWGDPDJLQJWKHERG\
Cleaning the removable grid and the drip tray
Warning!
This cleaning operation shall be carried out when the appliance is turned off and the plug disconnected
from the power outlet.
Occasionally empty the drip tray (F).
7KHGULSWUD\LVSURYLGHGZLWKDÀRDW,:KHQWKHÀRDWLVYLVLEOHIURPWKHUHPRYDEOHJULGWKHGULSWUD\LVIXOO
of water and shall be emptied.
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5HPRYHWKHUHPRYDEOHJULG()LJ
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,QVHUWWKHGULSWUD\)DWWKHEDVHRIWKHDSSOLDQFH)LJ
DESCALING
Warning!
Do not use vinegar or other descaling agents not authorised by the Manufacturer.
Warning!
Danger of burns due to splashes of hot water and steam that may escape from the steam/hot water
wand.
*RRGPDLQWHQDQFHDQGUHJXODUFOHDQLQJSUHVHUYHDQGNHHSWKHDSSOLDQFHHI¿FLHQWIRUDORQJHUSHULRGRIWLPH
DVZHOODVVLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHSRVVLEOHOLPHVFDOHGHSRVLWVLQWKHDSSOLDQFH'HVSLWHWKLVVKRXOGWKHDSSOLDQFH
operation be compromised after some time, due to frequent use of hard and very calcareous water, descaling
can be carried out in order to remove the malfunction. For this purpose, only use a citric acid-based descaling
product. For this purpose, only use a citric acid-based descaling product. This product can be easily found at
6HUYLFH&HQWUHV
7KH0DQXIDFWXUHUDVVXPHVQRUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUGDPDJHWR LQWHUQDO FRPSRQHQWV RI WKH DSSOLDQFH
FDXVHGE\WKHXVHRIQRQFRPSOLDQWSURGXFWVGXHWRWKHSUHVHQFHRIFKHPLFDODGGLWLYHV
The appliance requires descaling when the indicator lights of the buttons ( ), ( ), ( ) turn on red.
Follow the steps below:
3UHVVWKHSRZHUEXWWRQ+WRWXUQRIIWKHDSSOLDQFH)LJ'LVFRQQHFWWKHSRZHUFRUGIURPWKHSRZHU
outlet.
5HPRYHWKH¿OWHUKROGHUIURPLWVVHDW
)LOOWKHZDWHUWDQNZLWKIUHVKVWLOOZDWHUXSWRWKH0$;OHYHO3RXUWKHGHVFDOLQJSURGXFWLQWRWKHZDWHUWDQN
3ODFHDFRQWDLQHUXQGHUWKH¿OWHUKROGHUVHDWZKLFKVKDOOEHODUJHHQRXJKWRFROOHFWWKHZDWHURIWKHWDQN
Turn the steam/hot water wand towards the container.
3UHVVWKHSRZHUEXWWRQ+)LJ:DLWXQWLOWKHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVRIWKHEXWWRQV ), ( ), ( ) turn on
steady.
6LPXOWDQHRXVO\SUHVVWKHFXSFRIIHHEXWWRQWKHFXSVFRIIHHEXWWRQDQGWKHVWHDPEXWWRQIRUDERXW
30
EN
VHFRQGV7KHGHVFDOLQJSURFHVVEHJLQVDQGWKHVROXWLRQLQVLGHWKHZDWHUWDQNVWDUWVUXQQLQJWKURXJK
WKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG7KHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS ), of the coffee
EUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV ) and of the steam button ( ÀDVK
Limescale deposits will thus be removed from the internal circuit of the appliance.
After several washing cycles and breaks, the descaling cycle is over. When brewing is complete, the indicator
lights of the buttons ( ), ( ), ( ) turn on steady.
Empty the water tank from the remaining solution. Rinse the water tank.
Fill the water tank with fresh still water.
6LPXOWDQHRXVO\SUHVVWKHFXSFRIIHHEXWWRQWKHFXSVFRIIHHEXWWRQDQGWKHVWHDPEXWWRQIRUDERXW
VHFRQGV7KHULQVLQJVWDJHEHJLQVDQGWKHZDWHULQWRWKHWDQNVWDUWVUXQQLQJWKURXJKWKH¿OWHUKROGHUVHDW
DQGWKURXJKWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG7KHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVRIWKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXS ), of
WKHFRIIHHEUHZLQJEXWWRQIRUFXSV ) and of the steam button ( ÀDVK
After several washing cycles and breaks, the rinsing cycle is over. The appliance turns off.
Fill the water tank with fresh still water.
3UHVVWKHSRZHUEXWWRQ+)LJ7KHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVRIWKHEXWWRQV ), ( ), ( ) turn on white.
,IWKHLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVNHHSÁDVKLQJUHGUHSHDWWKHGHVFDOLQJF\FOH
DECOMMISSIONING
In the case of decommissioning of the appliance, it shall be electrically disconnected. Empty the drip tray and
FOHDQLWVHHSDUDJUDSK³&OHDQLQJWKHDSSOLDQFH´6KRXOGWKHDSSOLDQFHEHGLVSRVHGRIVHSDUDWHWKHYDULRXV
materials used in the construction of the appliance and dispose of them according to their composition and the
legal provisions in force in the country of use.
TROUBLESHOOTING
In case of dysfunctions, immediately turn off the appliance and unplug the power cord from the power
outlet.
352%/(06 &$86(6 62/87,216
Coffee brewing
does not start or
is too slow.
The water tank (O) is not
installed properly. Insert the water tank properly by pressing it fully.
Empty water tank.
Fill the water tank with fresh still water up to the MAX level
)LJ
The dispensing holes of
WKH¿OWHUKROGHUVHDWDUH
clogged.
6WDUWWKHDSSOLDQFHZLWKRXWLQVWDOOLQJWKH¿OWHUKROGHUDQGOHW
ZDWHUÀRZ,IZDWHUNHHSVUXQQLQJXQHYHQO\WKURXJKWKHKROHV
carry out descaling.
The outlet holes of the
¿OWHUFRQWDLQLQJFRIIHH
powder are clogged.
3ODFHDFRQWDLQHUXQGHUWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG/DQGWXUQ
WKHGLVSHQVLQJNQRE1WRUHGXFHWKHSUHVVXUHLQVLGHWKHFLUFXLW
7KHQUHPRYHDQGGLVDVVHPEOHWKH¿OWHUKROGHUVORZO\EHFDXVH
any residual pressure might cause splashes or sprays. Use the
SURYLGHGQHHGOHWRFOHDQWKHFORJJHGKROHRIWKH¿OWHU&OHDQ
WKH¿OWHUDVGHVFULEHGLQWKH³&OHDQLQJ¿OWHUVFRQWDLQLQJFRIIHH
powder” paragraph.
&RIIHHJULQGLQJLVWRR¿QH Try using a blend with a coarser grinding level.
Excessively pressed
coffee powder. 3UHVVFRIIHHLQWRWKH¿OWHUDSSO\LQJOHVVVWUHQJWK
7KH¿OWHUFRQWDLQVDQH[-
cessive amount of coffee. 3XWDVPDOOHUDPRXQWRIFRIIHHLQWRWKH¿OWHU
31
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352%/(06 &$86(6 62/87,216
Coffee leaking
from the edges of
WKH¿OWHUKROGHU
An excessive amount
of ground coffee has
probably been introduced
LQWRWKH¿OWHUKROGHUZKLFK
SUHYHQWHGWKH¿OWHUKROGHU
from being fully tightened
in its seat.
5HPRYHWKH¿OWHUKROGHUDQGFOHDQLWVVHDWE\XVLQJDVSRQJH
)LJ5HSHDWWKHRSHUDWLRQDGGLQJWKHULJKWDPRXQWRIFRIIHH
LQWRWKH¿OWHU
Ground coffee residues
have remained on the seal
RIWKH¿OWHUKROGHUVHDW
&OHDQWKHVHDOE\XVLQJDWRRWKSLFNRUDVSRQJH)LJ
The outlet holes of the
¿OWHUFRQWDLQLQJFRIIHH
powder are clogged.
3ODFHDFRQWDLQHUXQGHUWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG/DQGWXUQ
WKHGLVSHQVLQJNQRE1WRUHGXFHWKHSUHVVXUHLQVLGHWKHFLUFXLW
7KHQUHPRYHDQGGLVDVVHPEOHWKH¿OWHUKROGHUVORZO\EHFDXVH
any residual pressure might cause splashes or sprays. Use the
SURYLGHGQHHGOHWRFOHDQWKHFORJJHGKROHRIWKH¿OWHU&OHDQ
WKH¿OWHUDVGHVFULEHGLQWKH³&OHDQLQJ¿OWHUVFRQWDLQLQJFRIIHH
powder” paragraph.
Faulty pod. 3ODFHDFRQWDLQHUXQGHUWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG/DQG
WXUQWKHGLVSHQVLQJNQRE1WRUHGXFHWKHSUHVVXUHLQVLGHWKH
FLUFXLW7KHQUHPRYHDQGGLVDVVHPEOHWKH¿OWHUKROGHUVORZO\
because any residual pressure might cause splashes or sprays.
&OHDQWKHVHDWE\XVLQJDVSRQJH)LJ5HSODFHWKHSRGLQ
WKH¿OWHUKROGHU
7KH¿OWHUKROGHUKDVQRW
been fastened correctly.
0DNHVXUHWKH¿OWHUKROGHULVZHOOIDVWHQHGWRWKHÀDQJH)LJ
Coffee brewing is
too fast.
Coffee grinding is too
coarse
.To make a warmer and more concentrated coffee, use a more
¿QHO\JURXQGFRIIHHEOHQG
Excessively pressed
coffee powder. 3UHVVFRIIHHLQWRWKH¿OWHUDSSO\LQJOHVVVWUHQJWK
7KH¿OWHUGRHVQRWFRQWDLQ
DVXI¿FLHQWDPRXQWRI
coffee.
3XWDODUJHUDPRXQWRIFRIIHHLQWRWKH¿OWHU
The appliance
is not delivering
steam.
The appliance has not
reached the correct
brewing temperature.
Wait until the steam button indicator light turns on steady, thus
indicating that the temperature in the boiler has reached the
optimum level so as to deliver steam.
Empty water tank.
Fill the water tank with fresh still water up to the MAX level
)LJ
The water tank (O) is not
installed properly. Insert the water tank properly by pressing it fully.
The steam outlet hole is
clogged.
Use the provided needle to remove any scale deposits from the
KROHRIWKHVWHDPKRWZDWHUZDQG)LJ&OHDQWKHVWHDPKRW
water wand as described in the “Cleaning the steam/hot water
wand” paragraph. If the problem persists, carry out descaling.
The water tank
base and seat are
wet.
The water tank (O) is not
installed properly. Insert the water tank properly by pressing it fully.
During coffee
brewing, the
appliance makes
an unusual noise.
There is little water and
the pump suction does
not work.
&KHFNWKHZDWHUOHYHOLQWKHWDQNLVFRUUHFW,IQHHGHG¿OOWKH
tank with fresh water up to the MAX level.
The indicator
lights of the dis-
pensing buttons
turn on red.
Descaling required. 3HUIRUPGHVFDOLQJVHHSDUDJUDSK³'HVFDOLQJ´
32
FR
A PROPOS DU MANUEL
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CONSEILS DE SÉCURITÉ
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MODE D’EMPLOI
Mise en marche
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Premier allumage
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données techniques de l'appareil.
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Note: répétez cette opération à chaque mise en fonction de l’appareil après plusieurs jours de
non-utilisation.
Si le réservoir reste à sec, on perçoit une vibration et un bruit plus fort. Les voyants des boutons de
distribution du café pour 1 tasse ( ), pour 2 tasses ( ) et le bouton vapeur ( ) clignotent. Pour
rétablir le fonctionnement de la machine voir la section « Remplissage du réservoir d'eau pendant
l'utilisation ».
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Réglage de la quantité d’eau distribuée pour 1 tasse ou 2 tasses
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chaude et le tuyau en métal.
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ZU DIESER BEDIENUNGSANLEITUNG
Auch wenn die Geräte entsprechend der geltenden Europäischen Normen hergestellt wurden und daher alle
potentiell gefährlichen Teile geschützt sind, müssen, um Unfälle und Schäden zu vermeiden, diese Hinweise
aufmerksam gelesen und das Gerät nur für den Zweck verwendet werden, für den es vorgesehen wurde. Die
Bedienungsanleitung auch für späteres Nachschlagen stets griffbereit aufbewahren. Soll dieses Gerät an
andere Personen abgegeben werden, bitte daran denken, auch die Bedienungsanleitung mit auszuhändigen.
Die in dieser Bedienungsanleitung aufgeführten Informationen sind mit den nachstehenden Symbolen ge-
kennzeichnet, die auf folgendes hinweisen:
Gefahr für Kinder
Gefahr wegen Strom
Schadensgefahr wegen anderer Ursachen
Hinweise zu Verbrühungsgefahr
Achtung - Sachschäden
BESTIMMUNGSGEMÄSSER GEBRAUCH
Sie können Ihre Kaffeemaschine (im Folgenden als Gerät bezeichnet) verwenden, um Kaf fee und Cappuccino
zuzubereiten. Darüber hinaus können Sie dank der Heißwasserfunktion auch Tee und Kräutertees zubereiten.
Das Gerät ist nur für den Hausgebrauch vorgesehen und darf nicht für gewerbliche oder industrielle Zwecke
verwendet werden. Jeder andere Einsatz ist nicht vom Hersteller vorgesehen. Der Hersteller übernimmt daher
keinerlei Haftung für jegliche Art von Schäden, die durch einen ungeeigneten Einsatz des Gerätes verursacht
werden. Bei einem ungeeigneten Einsatz verfallen alle Garantieansprüche.
RESTRISIKEN
Die Baumerkmale des Geräts, das in diesem Handbuch beschrieben wird, gestatten es nicht, den Benutzer
von einem direkten Dampf- oder Heißwasserstrahl zu schützen.
Achtung!
V erbrennungsgefahr—Bei der Ausgabe von Heißwasser und Dampf, den Strahl nicht gegen Dritte oder
sich selber richten. Halten Sie den Dampf-/Heißwasserdüse nur am Gummiteil. Die Düse aus Metall
muss nicht berührt werden.
Nur Behälter verwenden, die aus Material bestehen, die für Lebensmittel geeignet sind.
WICHTIGE SICHERHEITSHINWEISE
DIE BEDIENUNGSANLEITUNG VOR DEM GEBRAUCH AUFMERKSAM LESEN.
'DV*HUlWLVWIUGHQ(LQVDW]LQKlXVOLFKHQRGHUlKQOLFKHQ8PJHEXQJHQNRQ]L-
piert, wie z.B.
- in Küchen für Mitarbeiter in Läden, Büros und anderen gewerblichen Bereichen
- in landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben
- Hotels, Motel, Bed & Breakfast und andere Wohngebäude (zur Nutzung durch
ihre Gäste).
:LUEHUQHKPHQNHLQH+DIWXQJEHLHLQHPIDOVFKHQRGHULQGLHVHU$QOHLWXQJQLFKW
vorgesehenen Einsatz.
:LUHPSIHKOHQGLH2ULJLQDOYHUSDFNXQJHQDXI]XEHZDKUHQGDGLHNRVWHQORVH/HLV-
tung des Kundendiensts für T ransportschäden, die durch falsche Verpackung bei
der Spedition zum Kundendienst entstehen, nicht vorgesehen ist.
48
DE
Gefahr für Kinder
'DV*HUlWGDUIYRQ.LQGHUQDEGHP/HEHQVMDKURGHUYRQSK\VLVFKVHQVRUL-
ell oder geistig behinderten Menschen, oder von Personen, die über die nötige
Erfahrung und Wissen nicht verfügen, verwendet werden, unter der Bedingung,
dass es eine angemessene Kontrolle durch einen V erantwortlichen ausgeübt wird
oder dass sie die Anleitungen erhalten und verstanden haben und der Gefahren,
die von der Verwendung des Gerätes verursacht werden können, bewusst sind.
.LQGHUGUIHQPLWGHP*HUlWQLFKWVSLHOHQ
'LHLQGLHVHU$QOHLWXQJEHVFKULHEHQHQ5HLQLJXQJVXQG:DUWXQJVDUEHLWHQGUIHQ
QXUYRQ.LQGHUQGXUFKJHIKUWZHUGHQZHQQGLHVHEHU-DKUHDOWVLQGXQGEH-
aufsichtigt werden.
+DOWHQ6LHGDV*HUlWXQGGDV1HW]NDEHOLPPHUDXHUKDOEGHU5HLFKZHLWHYRQ
.LQGHUQXQWHU-DKUHQ
/DVVHQ6LHGDV1HW]NDEHOQLFKWDQHLQHU6WHOOHKlQJHQDQGHUHVYRQHLQHP.LQG
erfasst werden kann.
'LH9HUSDFNXQJVWHLOHYRQ.LQGHUQIHUQKDOWHQGDGLHVHHLQHP|JOLFKH*HIDKUHQ-
quelle bilden.
6ROOGDV*HUlWDOV$EIDOOHQWVRUJWZHUGHQHPSIHKOHQZLUHVGXUFK$EVFKQHLGHQ
des Anschlusskabels unbrauchbar zu machen. Wir empfehlen außerdem die Ge-
räteteile unschädlich zu machen, die besonders für Kinder gefährlich sein könn-
ten, falls sie eventuell das Gerät für ihre Spiele verwenden sollten.
'LH5HLQLJXQJVQDGHOYRQ.LQGHUQIHUQKDOWHQXQGDQHLQHPVLFKHUHQ2UWDXIEH-
wahren: Gefahr von Verschlucken und Verletzungsgefahr.
Gefahr wegen Strom
%HYRU6LHGDV*HUlWDQGLH6WURPYHUVRUJXQJDQVFKOLHHQSUIHQ6LHREGLHDXI
dem Typenschild an der Unterseite des Geräts angegebene Spannung mit der
örtlichen Netzspannung übereinstimmt.
'HU(LQVDW]YRQQLFKWYRP+HUVWHOOHU]XJHODVVHQHQ9HUOlQJHUXQJVNDEHOQNDQQ
Schäden und Unfälle verursachen.
1LHPDOVDP1HW]NDEHORGHUDP*HUlWVHOEVW]LHKHQXPGHQ1HW]VWHFNHUDXVGHU
Steckdose zu entfernen.
%HYRU6LHGHQ7DQNPLW:DVVHUDXIIOOHQGDV*HUlWDXVVFKDOWHQXQGGHQ6WHFNHU
des Versorgungskabels aus der Steckdose ziehen.
'LHXQWHU6SDQQXQJVWHKHQGHQ*HUlWHWHLOHGUIHQQLFKWLQ.RQWDNWPLW:DVVHU
kommen: es besteht Kurzschlußgefahr!
/DVVHQ6LHGDV1HW]NDEHOQLFKWLQ.RQWDNWPLWVFKDUIHQ7HLOHQ
%LWWHVLFKHUVWHOOHQGDVVGDV6WURPNDEHOQLFKWPLWZDUPHQ7HLOHQLQ%HUKUXQJ
kommt.
$OOH5HLQLJXQJVXQG:DUWXQJVDUEHLWHQPVVHQEHLDXVJHVFKDOWHWHPXQGYRP
Netz getrenntem Gerät durchgeführt werden.
49
DE
'DV*HUlWQLHLQ:DVVHURGHUDQGHUH)OVVLJNHLWHQWDXFKHQ
:HQQGDV*HUlWQLFKWYHUZHQGHWZLUGDXFKQLFKWIUHLQHQNXU]HQ=HLWUDXP
schalten Sie es aus und ziehen Sie immer den Netzstecker aus der Steckdose.
Schadensgefahr wegen anderer Ursachen
)DVVHQ6LHGHQ.|USHUGHV*HUlWVXPHVDQ]XKHEHQ
6WHOOHQ6LHGDV*HUlWLQHLQHPEHOHXFKWHWHQVDXEHUHQ5DXPPLWHLQHUOHLFKW
zugänglichen Steckdose auf.
'HQ%HKlOWHUQLFKWPLW]XYLHO:DVVHUEHIOOHQ
Das Gerät nie unbeaufsichtigt lassen solange es am Stromnetz angeschlossen ist.
1LHPDOVDP1HW]NDEHORGHUDP*HUlWVHOEVW]LHKHQXPGHQ1HW]VWHFNHUDXVGHU
Steckdose zu entfernen.
'DV*HUlWDXIHLQHUIHVWHQ8QWHUODJHEHQXW]HQXQGDEVWHOOHQ
'DV*HUlWGDUIQLFKWYHUZHQGHWZHUGHQZHQQHVJHVWU]WLVWVLFKWEDUH6FKl-
den oder Wasserverluste aufweist. Verwenden Sie das Gerät nicht, wenn das
Netzkabel oder der Netzstecker beschädigt ist oder wenn das Gerät selbst einen
'HIHNWDXIZHLVW8PMHJOLFKHV5LVLNRYRU]XEHXJHQGUIHQDOOH5HSDUDWXUHQHLQ-
schließlich des Stromkabelwechsels, nur durch das Service Center Ariete bzw
autorisierte Ariete-Fachtechniker durchgeführt werden.
Hinweise zu Verbrühungsgefahr
Den Dampf- oder Heißwasserstrahl nie auf Körperteile richten. V erbrennungsgefahr.
:HQQGDV*HUlWLP%HWULHELVWGDUIPDQGLHlXHUHQPHWDOOLVFKHQ7HLOHQXQGGHQ
Filterhalter nicht anfassen, da diese Verbrennungen verursachen könnten.
+DOWHQ6LHGHQ'DPSI+HLZDVVHUGVHQXUDP*XPPLWHLO
7ULWWNHLQ:DVVHUDXVGHP)LOWHUKDOWHUDXVNDQQHVVHLQGDVVGHU)LOWHUYHUVWRSIW
ist. Den Filterhalter langsam entnehmen, da der eventuell verbleibende Druck
Spritzer verursachen könnte. Anschließend wie im entsprechenden Abschnitt an-
gegeben reinigen.
Achtung - Sachschäden
6WHOOHQ6LHGDV*HUlWDXIHLQHVWDELOHWURFNHQH2EHUÀlFKH
9HUZHQGHQ6LHGDV*HUlWQLFKWRKQH:DVVHUGDGLHV]XP'XUFKEUHQQHQGHU
Pumpe führt.
9HUZHQGHQ6LH]XP%HIOOHQGHV:DVVHUWDQNVNHLQ:DVVHUPLW.RKOHQVlXUH
kein heißes oder lauwarmes Wasser und keine anderen Flüssigkeiten, die das
Gerät beschädigen könnten.
'DV*HUlWQLFKWDXIKHLHQ2EHUÀlFKHQRGHULQGHU1lKHYRQRIIHQHQ)ODPPHQ
stellen, um zu vermeiden, dass das Gehäuse beschädigt wird.
'DV6WURPNDEHOGDUIQLFKWPLWGHQKHLHQ*HUlWHWHLOHQLQ%HUKUXQJNRPPHQ
)OOHQ6LHLQGHQXQG7DVVHQ.DIIHH¿OWHUQXU.DIIHHSXOYHUHLQ'LHVN|QQWH
schwere Schaden im Gerät verursachen.
50
DE
/DVVHQ6LHGDV*HUlWQLFKWLQ5lXPHQPLWHLQHU7HPSHUDWXUXQWHU&VWHKHQ
GD5HVWZDVVHULP%RLOHUHLQIULHUHQXQG6FKlGHQYHUXUVDFKHQNDQQ
'DV*HUlWGDUIQLFKWLP)UHLHQEHQXW]WZHUGHQ
/DVVHQ6LHGDV*HUlWQLFKWGHU:LWWHUXQJ]%5HJHQ6RQQHDXVJHVHW]W
1DFKGHP6LHGHQ1HW]VWHFNHUJH]RJHQKDEHQXQGGLHKHLHQ7HLOHDEJHNKOW
sind, sollten Sie das Gerät nur mit einem leicht feuchten, nicht scheuernden T uch
XQGHLQSDDU7URSIHQHLQHVPLOGHQQHXWUDOHQ5HLQLJXQJVPLWWHOVUHLQLJHQ
9HUZHQGHQ6LHQLHPDOV/|VXQJVPLWWHOGLH.XQVWVWRIIHEHVFKlGLJHQN|QQHQ
'DV*HUlWQLFKWDEEDXHQ'DV*HUlWHQWKlOWNHLQHLQQHUH%HVWDQGWHLOHGLHYHU-
wendet werden oder gereinigt werden müssen.
',(%(',(181*6$1/(,781*67(76*87$8)%(:$+5(1
GERÄTEBESCHREIBUNG
$ .DIIHHDEJDEHWDVWHIU7DVVHPLW$EJDEH-
anzeige ( )L - Dampf-/Heißwasserabgabetaste
M - Anschlusskabel
% .DIIHHDEJDEHWDVWHIU7DVVHQPLW$XVODX-
fanzeige ( )N - Dampf-/Heißwasserabgabeknopf
2 :DVVHUEHKlOWHU
C - Dampffunktionstaste mit Anzeigelicht ( )P - Abdeckung des Wassertanks
D - Filterhalterbefestigungsstelle 4 5HLQLJXQJVQDGHO
E - Ausziehbarer Gril 5 'UFNHU
F - Wasserauffangbehälter S - Kaffee-Pad-Filter
G - Ablagerost T - Filter für eine Tasse
H - Einschalttaste 8 )LOWHUIU7DVVHQ
I - Schwimmer V - Tropfrichter
J - Gehäuse des Gerätes W - Filterhalter
K - Metalldüse X - Befestigungsschraube der Einzeltüllen-Scheibe
,GHQWLÀNDWLRQVDQJDEHQ
$XIGHP7\SHQVFKLOGXQWHUGHU*HUlWHEDVLVVLQGIROJHQGHQ,GHQWL¿NDWLRQVGDWHQDQJHJHEHQ
+HUVWHOOHUXQG(&0DUNLHUXQJ
0RGHOO0RG
6HULHQQXPPHU61
9HUVRUJXQJVVSDQQXQJ9XQG)UHTXHQ]+]
/HLVWXQJVDXIQDKPH:
*UDWLVQXPPHU.XQGHQGLHQVW
Für eventuelle Anfragen an den autorisierten Service Center sollen Modell und Seriennummer angegeben
werden.
51
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GEBRAUCHSANWEISUNG
Inbetriebnahme
Das Verpackungsmaterial entfernen und prüfen, ob alle Bestandteile vorhanden sind.
'DV*HUlWDXIHLQHHEHQHVWDELOH2EHUÀlFKHVWHOOHQ
:DVFKHQ6LHGHQ:DVVHUWDQNGHQ7DVVHQXQG7DVVHQ)LOWHUGHQ3DG)LOWHUGLH7URSIVFKDOHGDVKHU-
ausnehmbare Gitter und den Filterhalter.
Achtung
Bevor Sie mit der Montage fortfahren, stellen Sie sicher , dass das Gerät ausgeschaltet und vom Strom-
netz getrennt ist.
Erste Schritte
0RQWLHUHQ6LHGDVDEQHKPEDUH*LWWHU(DXIGLH7URSIVFKDOH)$EE
6HW]HQ6LHGLH7URSIVFKDOH)LQGHQ6RFNHOGHV*HUlWVHLQ$EE
1HKPHQ6LHGHQ:DVVHUWDQN2DXVGHP*HUlW$EE
gIIQHQ6LHGHQ:DVVHUWDQNGHFNHO3$EE
Achtung
Bevor Sie den Tank mit Wasser auffüllen, das Gerät ausschalten und den Stecker des Versorgungska-
bels aus der Steckdose ziehen.
Füllen Sie den Wassertank nicht, wenn er in das Gerät eingesetzt ist. Stromschlaggefahr.
Achtung
V erwenden Sie zum Befüllen des W assertanks kein W asser mit Kohlensäure, kein heißes oder lauwar-
mes Wasser und keine anderen Flüssigkeiten, die das Gerät beschädigen könnten.
)OOHQ6LHGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUPLWIULVFKHPQDWUOLFKHP:DVVHUELV]XGHPPLW0$;DQJHJHEHQHQ:HUW
(Abb. 6).
NIEMALS den Tank über den Höchstfüllstand (MAX) füllen.
6FKOLHHQ6LHGHQ:DVVHUWDQNGHFNHO3$EE
6HW]HQ6LHGHQ:DVVHUWDQN2LQVHLQHQ6LW]HLQ$EE
Um einen einwandfreien Betrieb des Gerätes zu gewährleisten, drücken Sie den Behälter fest nach unten.
Überprüfen Sie, ob der Tank richtig eingesetzt ist, da das Gerät eventuell keinen Kaffee ausgeben
kann.
Erstes Einschalten
Achtung
Stellen Sie vor dem Einschalten des Geräts sicher , dass Sie alle Komponenten korrekt installiert haben.
Überprüfen, ob die Netzspannung der Hausinstallation mit den Angaben auf dem Typenschild des
Geräts entspricht.
'HQ6WHFNHULQGHQ6WHFNGRVHHLQIKUHQ$EE
'HQ)LOWHUKDOWHULQVHLQHQ6LW]PRQWLHUHQRKQHGHQ)LOWHUHLQJHVHW]W]XKDEHQ
'UFNHQ6LHGHQ1HW]VFKDOWHU+$EE
'LH$Q]HLJHQGHU7DVVHQ 7DVVHQ ) und der Dampftaste ( ) blinken.
Wenn die Maschine
die richtige Temperatur für die Zubereitung von Kaffee erreicht hat, leuchten die Tastenanzeigen ( ), ( ),
() dauerhaft auf
.
)KUHQ6LHYRUGHUHUVWHQ,QEHWULHEQDKPHGHV*HUlWVHLQHQ5HLQLJXQJV]\NOXVGHULQWHUQHQ.UHLVOlXIHGXUFK
6WHOOHQ6LHHLQ*HIlPLWPLQGHVWHQVPO)DVVXQJVYHUP|JHQXQWHUGHQ)LOWHUKDOWHU$EE
'UFNHQ6LHGLH.DIIHHDEJDEHWDVWHIU7DVVHQ $EE6WDUWHQ6LHGHQ$EJDEHYRUJDQJELV6LH
Wasser aus dem Filterhalter austreten sehen.
52
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6WHOOHQ6LHDP(QGHGHU$EJDEHHLQHQ%HKlOWHUXQWHUGDV'DPSI+HLZDVVHUDEJDEHGVH$EE
- Drehen Sie den Dampf-/Heißwasserabgabetaste in die Wasser/Dampf-Position ( $EE6WDU-
ten Sie die Abgabe, bis Sie Wasser aus der Dampf-/Heißwasserdüse austreten sehen. Drehen Sie den
Dampf-/Heißwasserabgabetaste wieder in die Position ( ), um den Heißwasserabgabe zu stoppen.
Wiederholen Sie diese Schritte, bis das Wasser im Behälter aufgebraucht ist.
Anmerkung: wiederholen Sie diesen Vorgang jedes Mal, wenn das Gerät nach mehreren Tagen Nicht-
benutzung eingeschaltet wird.
Bleibt den Tank ohne Wasser, kann man eine Vibration und ein lauteres Geräusch wahrnehmen. Die
Anzeigen der 1-Tassen- ( ), 2-Tassen- ( ) und der Dampftaste ( ) blinken. Um den Betrieb des
Gerätes wiederherzustellen, siehe Kapitel "Befüllen des Wasserbehälters während der Verwendung".
Das Gerät ist nun einsatzbereit und kann den ersten Kaffee zubereiten.
(QWIHUQHQGHV)LOWHUV
$QPHUNXQJ'HU)LOWHUKDOWHUZLUGPLWGHPEHUHLWVHLQJHVHW]WHQ7DVVHQ)LOWHUJHOLHIHUW,QIRUPDWLRQHQ]XP
(QWIHUQHQGHV)LOWHUV¿QGHQ6LHLQGHQ%LOGHUQ(VLVWDXFKP|JOLFKGHQ)LOWHUPLWGHQ)LQJHUQDE]XKHEHQ
um ihn zu entfernen.
',(.$))((925%(5(,781*
1HKPHQ6LHGHQ:DVVHUWDQN2DXVGHP*HUlW$EE
gIIQHQ6LHGHQ:DVVHUWDQNGHFNHO3$EE
Achtung
Bevor Sie den Tank mit Wasser auffüllen, das Gerät ausschalten und den Stecker des Versorgungska-
bels aus der Steckdose ziehen.
Füllen Sie den Wassertank nicht, wenn er in das Gerät eingesetzt ist. Stromschlaggefahr.
Achtung
V erwenden Sie zum Befüllen des W assertanks kein W asser mit Kohlensäure, kein heißes oder lauwar-
mes Wasser und keine anderen Flüssigkeiten, die das Gerät beschädigen könnten.
)OOHQ6LHGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUPLWIULVFKHPQDWUOLFKHP:DVVHUELV]XGHPPLW0$;DQJHJHEHQHQ:HUW
(Abb. 6).
NIEMALS den Tank über den Höchstfüllstand (MAX) füllen.
6FKOLHHQ6LHGHQ:DVVHUWDQNGHFNHO3$EE
6HW]HQ6LHGHQ:DVVHUWDQN2LQVHLQHQ6LW]HLQ$EE
Um einen einwandfreien Betrieb des Gerätes zu gewährleisten, drücken Sie den Behälter fest nach unten.
Überprüfen Sie, ob der T ank richtig eingesetzt ist, da das Gerät eventuell keinen Kaffee ausgeben kann.
:lKOHQ6LHGHQJHZQVFKWHQ)LOWHU7IU7DVVHXQG8IU7DVVHQXQGVHW]HQ6LHLKQLQGHQ)LOWHUKDO-
WHUHLQ$EE'RVLHUHQ6LHGHQ.DIIHHLQGHQ)LOWHUXQGGUFNHQ6LHGDV.DIIHHPHKOPLWGHP'UFNHU
5IHVWKLQHLQ$EE
53
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Achtung!
Wird zu viel Kaffeepulver in den Filter eingefüllt, kann es sein, dass sich der Filterhalter schwer drehen
lässt und bzw. bei der Kaffeeabgabe Kaffee aus dem Filter austritt.
7 Setzen Sie den Filterhalter (W) in den entsprechenden Sitz ein und achten Sie darauf, dass der Griff mit
dem Symbol ( DXIGHP*HUlWHN|USHUDXVJHULFKWHWLVW$EE
'UHKHQ6LHGHQ)LOWHUKDOWHUELVGHU*ULIIDXIGDV6\PERO ) ausgerichtet ist.
Sicherstellen, dass der Filterhalter gut in die Flansche steckt (Abb. 17).
Eine geeignete Tasse auswählen
Vor dem Vorbereiten des gewünschten Getränkes, eine Tasse entsprechend folgender Tabelle auswählen:
Espresso Einzelkaffee
Doppelkaffee &DPO
&DPO
0LWGHP7DVVHQ)LOWHUN|QQHQ]ZHLHLQ]HOQH7DVVHQ.DIIHHJHEUKWZHUGHQRGHUHLQODQJHURGHULQWHQVLYHUHU
Kaffee gebrüht werden.
Einstellen der Wassermenge für 1 Tasse oder 2 Tassen
'LH:DVVHUPHQJHGLHMH7DVVHRGHU7DVVHQ.DIIHHDEJHJHEHQZLUGNDQQHLQJHVWHOOWZHUGHQ=HLWGHU
Warmwasserabgabe durch den Filterhalter).
Die Menge an gemahlenem Kaffee wirkt sich auf der Stärke des Geschmacks und auf die Qualität der "Crema"
DXV9HUVXFKHQ6LHGLHVHQ3DUDPHWHU]XYDULLHUHQXPGHQSHUIHNWHQ*HVFKPDFNIU,KUHQ.DIIHH]X¿QGHQ
Anmerkung: Die Wassermenge, die für 1 Tasse oder 2 Tassen abgegeben wird, muss während der
Kaffeeabgabe eingestellt werden.
Um die Wassermenge für eine Tasse Kaffee einzustellen, halten Sie die Taste ( ) so lange wie nötig ge-
GUFNW'LHYHUEUDXFKWH=HLWVWHOOWGLHQHXH:DVVHUPHQJHIU7DVVH.DIIHHHLQ8PGLH:DVVHUPHQJHIU
Tasse Kaffee einzustellen, halten Sie die Taste ( ) so lange wie nötig gedrückt. Die verbrauchte Zeit stellt
GLHQHXH:DVVHUPHQJHIU7DVVH.DIIHHHLQ
Kaffeeabgabe
6WHOOHQ6LHHLQHQRGHU]ZHL7DVVHQDXIGDVDEQHKPEDUH*LWWHU($EE
'UFNHQ6LHGHQ1HW]VFKDOWHU+$EE
'LH$Q]HLJHQGHU7DVVHQ( )7DVVHQ() und der Dampftaste ( ) blinken.
Wenn die Maschine die
richtige Temperatur für die Zubereitung von Kaffee erreicht hat, leuchten die Tastenanzeigen ( ), ( ),
() dauerhaft auf.
Der Filterhalter sollte vor der Kaffeezubereitung in seiner Fassung einige Minuten vorgewärmt werden, so
dass bereits der erste Kaffee richtig heiß ist. Für die nächsten Kaffeeausgaben wird dies nicht nötig sein.
'UFNHQ6LHGLH.DIIHHDEJDEHWDVWH( ),XP7DVVH.DIIHH]XPDFKHQRGHUGUFNHQ6LHGLH.DIIHHDE-
gabetaste ( )IU7DVVHQ.DIIHH
8PGLH$EJDEH]XVWRSSHQEHYRUGLH0DVFKLQHIHUWLJLVWGUFNHQ6LHGLH.DIIHHWDVWHQRFKHLQPDO
Achtung!
Wie bei professionellen Kaffeemaschinen darf der Filterhalter nicht entfernt werden, wenn der Abga-
betaste eingeschaltet ist.
Achtung!
Am Ende der Kaffeeabgabe vorm Lösen des Filterhalters ungefähr zehn Sekunden warten; Um den
Filterhalter zu entfernen, ihn von rechts nach links bis zur Stellung drehen, um Wasser oder Kaffee-
spritzen zu vermeiden.
Es ist normal, dass beim Warten auf den Dampf kleine Dampfstöße aus dem Filterhalter austreten können.
Warten Sie, bis die Tasten ( ), ( ), ( ) DXÀHXFKWHQ
'UFNHQ6LHGLH1HW]WDVWH+XPGDV*HUlWDXV]XVFKDOWHQ$EE
54
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(,1(1.$))((0,73257,216%(87(/=8%(5(,7(1
Den Portionsbeutel-Filter (W) in den Filterhalter (S) einsetzen.
'HQ3RUWLRQVEHXWHOLP)LOWHUDQEULQJHQ$EE
'HQ3RUWLRQVEHXWHOPLWGHQ)LQJHUQQDFKLQQHQGUFNHQ'HU3RUWLRQVEHXWHOPXVVRUGHQWOLFKLQGHU0LWWH
und im Inneren des Filters sitzen.
8PHLQHQP|JOLFKHQ:DVVHUDXVWULWW]XYHUPHLGHQIDOWHQ6LHGLHlXHUHQ3DSLHUWHLOHGHV3DGVGLHDXV
GHP)LOWHUKDOWHUKHUDXVNRPPHQN|QQWHQXQGOHJHQ6LHVLHLQGHQ)LOWHUHLQ$EE
Jetzt kann der Filterhalter in die Fassung eingesetzt werden.
6HW]HQ6LHGHQ)LOWHUKDOWHU:LQGHQHQWVSUHFKHQGHQ6LW]HLQXQGDFKWHQ6LHGDUDXIGDVVGHU*ULIIPLW
dem Symbol
( )
DXIGHP*HUlWHN|USHUDXVJHULFKWHWLVW$EE
'UHKHQ6LHGHQ)LOWHUKDOWHUELVGHU*ULIIDXIGDV6\PERO
( )
ausgerichtet ist.
6 Nach der Zubereitung des Kaffees kann der Pad beim Entfernen des Filterhalters stecken bleiben, und
zwar wo der Filterhalter befestigt ist. Zum Entfernen des Portionsbeutels den Filterhalter wie in der Abbil-
GXQJJH]HLJWQHLJHQXQGGHQ3RUWLRQVEHXWHOLQGHQ)LOWHUKDOWHUIDOOHQODVVHQ$EE
Für einen Kaffee, der immer gut ist, kaufen Sie Kaffeepads mit dem E.S.E.-Kompatibilitätszeichen.
Ist der Portionsbeutel nicht richtig eingesetzt oder der Filterhalter nicht richtig festgezogen worden,
können einige Tropfen Wasser aus dem Filterhalter austreten.
:,(0$10,/&+6&+$80)h5'(1.$))((=8%(5(,7(7
6WHOOHQ6LHHLQH7DVVHDXIGDVDEQHKPEDUH*LWWHU($EE
Wenn Sie möchten, können Sie eine große Tasse verwenden.
(QWIHUQHQ6LHGDVDEQHKPEDUH*LWWHU(XQGGLH7URSIVFKDOH)$EE
6WHOOHQ6LHHLQH7DVVHDXIGDVDEQHKPEDUH*LWWHU*$EE
=XEHUHLWXQJGHV.DIIHHV$EE
Achtung!
Verbrennungsgefahr. Halten Sie den Dampf-/Heißwasserdüse nur am Gummiteil. Die Düse aus Metall
muss nicht berührt werden.
Verbrennungsgefahr durch heißes Wasser und Dampf, der aus der Dampf-/Heißwasserdüse sprudelt.
5LFKWHQ6LHGHQ'DPSI+HLZDVVHUGVH/DXIGLH7URSIVFKDOH)$EE
'HQ'DPSINQRSIGUFNHQ(). Das Licht der Dampftaste beginnt zu blinken. W arten Sie, bis die Anzeige-
leuchte der Dampftaste konstant leuchtet und damit anzeigt, dass die Temperatur im Kessel den optimalen
Wert für die Dampfabgabe erreicht hat.
6WHOOHQ6LHGDV.lQQFKHQPLWGHUDXI]XVFKODJHQGHQ0LOFKXQWHUGDV'DPSI+HLZDVVHUURKU/
7DXFKHQ6LHGLH'DPSI+HLZDVVHUGVH/WLHILQGDV0LOFKNlQQFKHQHLQ$EE
7 Drehen Sie den Dampf-/Heißwasserabgabetaste in die Wasser/Dampf-Position ( )$EE'DV*H-
rät beginnt mit der Dampfabgabe.
5KUHQ XQG VFKZHQNHQ 6LH GLH .DQQH PLW 0LOFK ZlKUHQG 'DPSI DXV GHU 'DPSI+HLZDVVHUGVH
kommt.
'LH0LOFKLVWDXIJHVFKlXPWZHQQ6FKDXPLQGHU.DQQHHUVFKHLQW$EE
'UHKHQ6LHGHQ'DPSI+HLZDVVHUDEJDEHWDVWHZLHGHULQGLH3RVLWLRQ(), um den Dampfabgabe zu
stoppen.
Geben Sie nach jedem Gebrauch einige Sekunden lang Dampf ab, um das Loch in der Dampf-/Heiß-
wasserdüse von Milchresten zu befreien.
Verwenden Sie ein feuchtes, nicht scheuerndes Tuch, um die Dampf-/Heißwasserleitungsöffnung und
die metallische Düse zu reinigen.
*LHHQ6LHGLHDXIJHVFKlXPWH0LOFKLQGLH]XYRU]XEHUHLWHWH7DVVHPLW.DIIHH
55
DE
:,('(5(,167(//(1$8).$))((=8%(5(,781*
Wenn Sie sofort nach der Dampfausgabe einen neuen Kaf fee zubereiten wollen, lassen Sie das Gerät abkühlen.
6WHOOHQ6LHHLQHQ%HKlOWHUXQWHUGLH'DPSI+HLZDVVHUGVH$EE
'UHKHQ6LHGHQ'DPSI+HLZDVVHUDEJDEHWDVWHLQGLH:DVVHU'DPSI3RVLWLRQ( )$EE'DV*H-
rät beginnt mit der Abgabe von heißem Wasser.
Durch die Abgabe von heißem Wasser kann das Gerät schneller abkühlen. Wenn das Gerät die optimale
Temperatur erreicht hat, stoppt die Warmwasserversorgung automatisch.
'UHKHQ6LHGHQ'DPSI+HLZDVVHUDEJDEHWDVWHZLHGHULQGLH3RVLWLRQ(), um den Heißwasserabgabe
zu stoppen.
Das Gerät ist bereit, einen neuen Kaffee zu brühen.
62/,()(516,(+(,66:$66(5
Achtung!
Verbrennungsgefahr. Halten Sie den Dampf-/Heißwasserdüse nur am Gummiteil. Die Düse aus Metall
muss nicht berührt werden.
Verbrennungsgefahr durch heißes Wasser und Dampf, der aus der Dampf-/Heißwasserdüse sprudelt.
6WHOOHQ6LHHLQH7DVVHDXIGDVDEQHKPEDUH*LWWHU($EE
'UHKHQ6LHGHQ'DPSI+HLZDVVHUDEJDEHWDVWHLQGLH:DVVHU'DPSI3RVLWLRQ()$EE'DV*H-
rät beginnt mit der Abgabe von heißem Wasser.
'UHKHQ6LHGHQ'DPSI+HLZDVVHUDEJDEHWDVWHZLHGHULQGLH3RVLWLRQ() um den Heißwasserabgabe
zu stoppen.
1h7=/,&+(5$76&+/b*(=85925%(5(,781*(,1(6*87(1
,7$/,(1,6&+(1(635(6626
Der gemahlene Kaffee im Filterhalter muss leicht gedrückt werden. Die Stärke des Kaf fees hängt von der Kaffee-
mahlstufe, von der Menge im Filterhalter und vom Druck im Filter ab. Einige Sekunden reichen, damit der Kaffee
LQGHQ7DVVHDXVÀLHW:HQQHVOlQJHUGDXHUWLVWGDV.DIIHHSXOYHU]XIHLQJHPDKOHQRGHU]XVWDUNDQJHGUFNW
$8))h//(1'(6:$66(57$1.6:b+5(1''(6*(%5$8&+6
Achtung
Bevor Sie den Tank mit Wasser auffüllen, das Gerät ausschalten und den Stecker des Versorgungska-
bels aus der Steckdose ziehen.
Füllen Sie den Wassertank nicht, wenn er in das Gerät eingesetzt ist. Stromschlaggefahr.
Achtung
V erwenden Sie zum Befüllen des W assertanks kein W asser mit Kohlensäure, kein heißes oder lauwar-
mes Wasser und keine anderen Flüssigkeiten, die das Gerät beschädigen könnten.
Es wird empfohlen, den Wasserstand im Behälter stets zu überprüfen.
6FKDOWHQ6LHGDV*HUlWDXVXQG]LHKHQ6LHGHQ6WHFNHUDXVGHU6WHFNGRVH
1HKPHQ6LHGHQ:DVVHUWDQN2DXVGHP*HUlW$EE
gIIQHQ6LHGHQ:DVVHUWDQNGHFNHO3$EE
)OOHQ6LHGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUPLWIULVFKHPQDWUOLFKHP:DVVHUELV]XGHPPLW0$;DQJHJHEHQHQ:HUW
(Abb. 6).
NIEMALS den Tank über den Höchstfüllstand (MAX) füllen.
6FKOLHHQ6LHGHQ:DVVHUWDQNGHFNHO3$EE
6HW]HQ6LHGHQ:DVVHUWDQN2LQVHLQHQ6LW]HLQ$EE
Um einen einwandfreien Betrieb des Gerätes zu gewährleisten, drücken Sie den Behälter fest nach unten.
Überprüfen Sie, ob der T ank richtig eingesetzt ist, da das Gerät eventuell keinen Kaffee ausgeben kann.
56
DE
Achtung!
Verbrennungsgefahr durch heißes Wasser und Dampf, der aus der Dampf-/Heißwasserdüse sprudelt.
Wenn das Gerät immer noch keinen Kaffee ausgibt, nachdem Sie den Tank korrekt gefüllt und wieder
aufgefüllt haben, gehen Sie wie folgt vor:
6WHOOHQ6LHHLQHQ%HKlOWHUXQWHUGLH'DPSI+HLZDVVHUGVH$EE
'UFNHQ6LHGHQ1HW]VFKDOWHU+$EE
- Drehen Sie den Dampf-/Heißwasserabgabetaste in die Wasser/Dampf-Position ( $EE6WDUWHQ
Sie die Abgabe, bis Sie Wasser aus der Dampf-/Heißwasserdüse austreten sehen.
- Drehen Sie den Dampf-/Heißwasserabgabetaste wieder in die Position ( ), um den Heißwasserabgabe
zu stoppen.
$8720$7,6&+($%6&+$/781*6)81.7,21
Dieses Gerät ist mit einem automatischen Abschaltsystem gemäß den neuen Vorschriften zum Energiever-
EUDXFKDXVJHVWDWWHW1DFK0LQXWHQ6WLOOVWDQGVFKDOWHWVLFKGDV*HUlWDXV8PHLQHQQHXHQ.DIIHH]X]XEH-
reiten, müssen Sie das Gerät durch Drücken der Taste (H) wieder einschalten. Wenn die Maschine die richtige
Temperatur für die Zubereitung von Kaffee erreicht hat, leuchten die Tastenanzeigen ( ), ( ), ( ) dau-
erhaft auf.
3)/(*('(6*(5b7(6
(LQHUHJHOPlLJHWlJOLFKH5HLQLJXQJKlOWGDV*HUlWLQJXWHP=XVWDQGXQGYHUOlQJHUWVHLQH/HEHQVGDXHU
Achtung!
$OOH5HLQLJXQJVXQG:DUWXQJVDUEHLWHQPVVHQEHLDXVJHVFKDOWHWHPXQGYRP1HW]JHWUHQQWHP*HUlW
durchgeführt werden.
Achtung!
'LH5HLQLJXQJPXVVGXUFKJHIKUWZHUGHQZHQQGLHKHLHQ7HLOHGHV*HUlWVDEJHNKOWVLQG
Achtung!
Die Geräteteile nicht in der Spülmaschine spülen. Keinen direkten Wasserstrahl verwenden.
.HLQHVFKHXHUQGH5HLQLJXQJVPLWWHORGHU0HWDOOJHJHQVWlQGHYHUZHQGHQXPGLH6WDKOÀlFKHQQLFKW]X
beschädigen.
5HLQLJXQJYRQ.DIIHHPHKOHQWKDOWHQGHQ)LOWHUQ
Überprüfen Sie, ob die Löcher nicht verstopft sind. Lassen Sie kochendes Wasser ohne den gemahlenen
Kaffee durch den eingesetzten Filterhalter laufen, um Kaffeereste oder andere Verunreinigungen aufzulösen
bzw. zu entfernen.
Achtung!
Den Filterhalter langsam entnehmen, da der eventuell verbleibende Druck Spritzer verursachen könnte.
(VZLUGHPSIRKOHQGLH)LOWHUHWZDDOOH0RQDWHJUQGOLFK]XUHLQLJHQZREHLKDQGHOVEOLFKH)LOWHUUHLQLJXQJV-
tabletten wie folgt zu verwenden sind:
6HW]HQ6LHHLQH)LOWHUUHLQLJXQJVWDEOHWWHLQGHQ)LOWHUHLQZHQQNHLQH.DIIHHGDEHLLVW
'HQ)LOWHUKDOWHULQVHLQHQ6LW]HLQKDFNHQ
'UFNHQ6LHGLH7DVVHQ.DIIHHWDVWH( ), um mit der Abgabe zu beginnen.
/DVVHQ6LHGLH7DEOHWWHPLQGHVWHQV0LQXWHQHLQZLUNHQ
'UFNHQ6LHGLH.DIIHH7DVWHHUQHXWXPGLH$EJDEH]XVWRSSHQ
:LHGHUKROHQ6LHGLH:DVVHUDEJDEH)UHLQH0LQXWHVWHKHQODVVHQ:LHGHUKROHQ6LHGLH9RUJlQJHIU
Abgabezyklen.
(QWIHUQHQ6LHGHQ)LOWHUKDOWHUYRQVHLQHU6WHOOHQHKPHQ6LHGHQ)LOWHUDXVGHP)LOWHUKDOWHUXQGVSOHQ6LH
DOOH.RPSRQHQWHQXQWHUÀLHHQGHP/HLWXQJVZDVVHUDE
57
DE
6FKDOWHQ6LHGDV*HUlWDXVXQG]LHKHQ6LHGHQ6WHFNHUDXVGHU6WHFNGRVH
5HLQLJHQ6LHGLHLQQHUHQ7HLOHPLWHLQHPZHLFKHQ6FKZDPPXP5HLQLJXQJVPLWWHOUHVWH]XHQWIHUQHQ$EE
Wiederholen Sie die Vorgänge für alle Filter.
Es wird empfohlen, das Gerät bei täglichem Gebrauch mindestens alle drei Monate zu reinigen.
5HLQLJXQJGHV(LQVWHFNVLW]HVGHV)LOWHUKDOWHUV
Achtung!
Der Filterhalter darf nicht in seinem Sitz eingesteckt bleiben. Dies könnte nämlich die Dichtung des
Einstecksitzes beschädigen.
Wenn das Gerät längere Zeit benutzt worden ist, kann sich Kaffeesatz auf der Fassung des Filterhalters
absetzen. Der Kaffeesatz kann mit einem Zahnstocher, einem kleinen Schwamm oder durch Durchlaufen von
:DVVHU$EERKQHGHQ)LOWHUKDOWHULQGLH)DVVXQJHLQ]XVHW]HQHQWIHUQWZHUGHQ$EE
'HU6SOYRUJDQJGHV.XSSOXQJVVLW]HVGHV)LOWHUKDOWHUVPXVVQDFKHWZD%UKXQJHQGXUFKJHIKUWZHUGHQ
'UFNHQ6LHGLH7DVVHQ.DIIHHWDVWH(), um mit der Abgabe zu beginnen. Das Gerät beginnt Wasser
DE]XJHEHQ:DUWHQ6LHELVPLQGHVWHQVPO:DVVHUJHOLHIHUWZRUGHQVLQG
Reinigung der Dampf-/Heißwasserleitung
Achtung!
Führen Sie den Vorgang durch, wenn die Dampf-/Heißwasserdüse kalt ist, um Verbrennungen zu
vermeiden.
5HLQLJHQ6LHGDV'DPSI+HLZDVVHUGVHQDFKMHGHP*HEUDXFKPLWHLQHPIHXFKWHQ7XFKXPlXHUH0LOFK-
reste zu entfernen. Zur Entfernung von inneren Verunreinigungen:
'UHKHQ6LHGHQ'DPSI+HLZDVVHUDEJDEHWDVWHLQGLH:DVVHU'DPSI3RVLWLRQ() $EE/DVVHQ
Sie den Dampf für ein paar Sekunden austreten.
'UHKHQ6LHGHQ'DPSI+HLZDVVHUDEJDEHWDVWHZLHGHULQGLH3RVLWLRQ(), um den Dampfabgabe zu
stoppen.
'UFNHQ6LHGLH1HW]WDVWH+XPGDV*HUlWDXV]XVFKDOWHQ$EE
5HLQLJHQ6LHGLH.RPSRQHQWHQGHU'DPSI+HLZDVVHUGVHUHJHOPlLJ
(QWIHUQHQ6LHGLH'VH$EEXQG]LHKHQ6LHGHQ*XPPLWHLOQDFKXQWHQDE0LWÀLHHQGHP:DVVHU
waschen. Die Düse kann mit einem nicht abrasiven Tuch gereinigt werden.
- Montieren Sie die Düse (K) bis ans Ende. Setzen Sie das Gummiteil ein, indem Sie es nach oben drücken.
)DOOVHUIRUGHUOLFKUHLQLJHQ6LHGDV'DPSIDEJDEHORFK$EEPLWGHUPLWJHOLHIHUWHQ'DPSIGVHQ5HLQL-
gungsstift.
5HLQLJXQJGHV:DVVHUWDQNV
5HLQLJHQ6LHGHQ,QQHQUDXPGHV:DVVHUWDQNVUHJHOPlLJPLWHLQHP6FKZDPPRGHUHLQHPIHXFKWHQ7XFK
5HLQLJXQJGHV*HUlWHN|USHU
Achtung!
Verwenden Sie keine Scheuermittel.
Die festen Teile des Geräts mit einem feuchten nicht scheuernden Tuch reinigen, um das Gehäuse nicht zu
beschädigen.
Reinigen des herausnehmbaren Gitters und der Tropfschale
Achtung!
'LH5HLQLJXQJPXVVEHLDXVJHVFKDOWHWHP*HUlWXQGDEJH]RJHQHP1HW]VWHFNHUGXUFKJHIKUWZHUGHQ
Ab und zu auch das Wasserauffangbehälter (F) ausleeren.
Die Tropfschale ist mit einem Schwimmer (I) ausgestattet. Wenn der Schwimmer außerhalb des Gitters sicht-
bar ist, bedeutet dies, dass die Tropfschale voll mit Wasser ist und geleert werden muss.
7URSIVFKDOHHQWIHUQHQ)$EE
(QWIHUQHQ6LHGDVDEQHKPEDUH*LWWHU($EE
58
DE
/HHUHQ6LHGLH7URSIVFKDOH)
:DVFKHQ6LHGLH7URSIVFKDOHXQGGDVKHUDXVQHKPEDUH*LWWHUPLWIULVFKHP:DVVHU
,PPHUPLWHLQHQWURFNHQHQ7XFKUHLQLJHQ
0RQWLHUHQ6LHGDVDEQHKPEDUH*LWWHU(DXIGLH7URSIVFKDOH)$EE
6HW]HQ6LHGLH7URSIVFKDOH)LQGHQ6RFNHOGHV*HUlWVHLQ$EE
ENTKALKUNG
Achtung!
V erwenden Sie keinen Essig oder andere Entkalkungsmittel, die nicht vom Hersteller zugelassen sind.
Achtung!
Verbrennungsgefahr durch heißes Wasser und Dampf, der aus der Dampf-/Heißwasserdüse sprudelt.
*XWHXQGUHJHOPlLJH:DUWXQJVXQG5HLQLJXQJVHLQJULIIHVFKW]HQXQGHUKDOWHQGDV*HUlWIUHLQHOlQJHUH
=HLWZLUNVDPXQGVFKUlQNHQGDV5LVLNRYRQ.DONDEODJHUXQJHQVWDUNHLQ.RPPWWURW]GHU:DUWXQJVXQG5HLQL-
JXQJVHLQJULIIHQDFKHLQHUJHZLVVHU=HLW]X%HWULHEVVW|UXQJHQLQ)ROJHYRQGHPKlX¿JHQ*HEUDXFKYRQKDUWHP
und kalkhaltigen W asser, so kann man das Gerät entkalken, um die Betriebsstörung zu beseitigen. Verwenden
Sie dazu ein Entkalkungsprodukt, das auf Zitronensäure basiert ist. Verwenden Sie dazu ein Entkalkungspro-
dukt, das auf Zitronensäure basiert ist. Dieses Produkt ist leicht erhältlich bei Kundendienstzentren.
Der Hersteller übernimmt keine Haftung für Schäden an den Innenteilen des Gerätes, die durch die
Verwendung von nicht konformen Produkten aufgrund des Vorhandenseins von chemischen Zusät-
zen entstehen.
Das Gerät muss entkalkt werden, wenn die Lichter der Tasten ( ), ( ), ( )URWDXÀHXFKWHQ:LHIROJW
vorgehen:
'UFNHQ6LHGLH1HW]WDVWH+XPGDV*HUlWDXV]XVFKDOWHQ$EE=LHKHQ6LHGHQ6WHFNHUDXVGHU
Steckdose.
- Entfernen Sie den Filterhalter von seiner Stelle.
- Füllen Sie den Wasserbehälter mit frischem natürlichem Wasser bis zu dem mit MAX angegebenen Wert.
Fügen Sie das Entkalkungsprodukt in den Wassertank ein.
- Stellen Sie einen Behälter (groß genug, um das Wasser aus dem Behälter zu halten) unter den Sitz der
)LOWHUKDOWHUXQJ5LFKWHQ6LHGHQ'DPSI+HLZDVVHUGVHLQ5LFKWXQJGHV%HKlOWHUV
'UFNHQ6LHGHQ1HW]VFKDOWHU+$EE:DUWHQ6LHELVGLH7DVWH( ), ( ), ( )DXÀHXFKWHW
'UFNHQ6LHJOHLFK]HLWLJGLH7DVVH7DVWHGLH7DVVHQ7DVWHXQGGLH'DPSI7DVWHIUFD6HNXQGHQ
Das Entkalkungsprogramm startet und die Lösung im W assertank beginnt aus der Dampf-/Heißwasserdü-
VH]XÀLHHQ'LH$Q]HLJHQGHU7DVVHQ( )7DVVHQ() und der Dampftaste ( ) blinken.
Kalkablagerungen werden aus dem Innenkreislauf des Gerätes entfernt.
1DFKHLQHU5HLKHYRQ6SOJlQJHQXQG3DXVHQHQGHWGHU(QWNDONXQJV]\NOXV:DUWHQ6LHELVGLH7DVWHQ( ),
( ), ( )DXÀHX
chten.
Entleeren Sie die restliche Lösung aus dem Wasserbehälter. Spülen Sie den Wasserbehälter.
Füllen Sie den Behälter mit frischem natürlichem Wasser.
'UFNHQ6LHJOHLFK]HLWLJGLH7DVVH7DVWHGLH7DVVHQ7DVWHXQGGLH'DPSI7DVWHIUFD6HNXQGHQ
Die Spülung beginnt und das im Tank enthaltene Wasser beginnt aus der Filterhaltekupplung und der
'DPSI+HLZDVVHUGVH]XÀLHHQ'LH$Q]HLJHQGHU7DVVHQ( )7DVVHQ() und der Dampf-
taste ( ) blinken.
1DFKHLQHU5HLKHYRQ6SOJlQJHQXQG3DXVHQHQGHWGHU(QWNDONXQJV]\NOXV'DV*HUlWVFKDOWHWVLFKDXV
Füllen Sie den Behälter mit frischem natürlichem Wasser.
-
'UFNHQ6LHGHQ1HW]VFKDOWHU+$EE'LH$Q]HLJHQGHU7DVWHQ(), ( ), ( ) leuchten auf (weiß).
Wenn die Anzeigen weiterhin rot blinken, wiederholen Sie den Entkalkungszyklus.
59
DE
AUSSERBETRIEBSETZUNG
Bei Außerbetriebnahme muss das Gerät vom Netz getrennt werden. Das Abtropftablett entleeren und reinigen
VLHKH$EVDW]3ÀHJHGHV*HUlWHV,P)DOOHGHU9HUVFKURWWXQJVLQGGLHXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQIUGLH+HUVWHOOXQJ
des Gerätes verwendeten Stoffen zu trennen und entsprechend ihrer Zusammenstellung und der in der Ver-
wendungsland geltenden Normen zu entsorgen.
:$6781:(11(6352%/(0(*,%7
Im Falle von Störungen schalten Sie das Gerät sofort aus und ziehen Sie den Netzstecker.
352%/(0( 856$&+(1 /g681*(1
Keine
Kaffeeausgabe
oder zu langsame
Kaffeeausgabe.
Der Wasserbehälter ist nicht
richtig eingesetzt. Setzen Sie den Wassertank ein, indem Sie ihn bis zum
Anschlag hineinschieben.
Leerer Behälter. Füllen Sie den Wasserbehälter mit frischem,
natürlichem Wasser bis zu dem mit MAX angegebenen
Wert.
Die Abgabeöffnungen im
Filterhalter sind verstopft. Das Gerät ohne Filterhalter betreiben und dabei
:DVVHUDXVÀLHHQODVVHQ:HQQGDV:DVVHULPPHU
noch nicht gleichmäßig aus allen Löchern abläuft,
sollten Sie das Gerät entkalken.
'LHgIIQXQJGHV)LOWHUVGHUGDV
Kaffeemehl enthält, ist verstopft. Stellen Sie ein Gefäß unter das Dampf-/
Heißwasserdüse (L) und drehen Sie den Abgabe-Taste
(N), um den Druck im Kreislauf zu reduzieren. Den
Filterhalter langsam entnehmen, da der eventuell
verbleibende Druck Spritzer verursachen könnte. Die
YHUVWRSIWHgIIQXQJGHV)LOWHUVPLWGHUPLWJHOLHIHUWHQ
1DGHOEHIUHLHQ5HLQLJHQ6LHGHQ)LOWHUZLHLP.DSLWHO
5HLQLJHQGHU)LOWHUGLH.DIIHHPHKOHQWKDOWHQ
beschrieben.
Kaffeemehl zu fein gemahlen. Versuchen Sie, eine Mischung mit einem gröberen
Mahlgrad zu verwenden.
Das Kaffeemehl ist zu stark
gepresst. Den Kaffee in dem Filter nicht so fest drücken.
Der Filter enthält zu viel Kaffee.
Geben Sie eine kleinere Menge Kaffee in den Filter ein.
60
DE
352%/(0( 856$&+(1 /g681*(1
'HU.DIIHHÀLHWDXV
GHQ5lQGHUQGHV
Filterhalters aus.
Wahrscheinlich wurde zu viel
gemahlener Kaffee in den
Filterhalter ausgeschüttet,
was ein gründliches Schließen
des Filterhalters in seinem
Einsteckplatz verhindert.
Den Filterhalter entfernen und den Haltersitz mit einem
6FKZDPPUHLQLJHQ$EE'HQ9RUJDQJPLWGHU
richtigen Kaffeemenge wiederholen.
Auf der Dichtung im
)LOWHUKDOWHUVLW]VLQG5HVWHYRQ
gemahlenem Kaffee geblieben.
Die Dichtung mit einem Zahnstocher oder mit einem
6FKZDPP$EEUHLQLJHQ
'LHgIIQXQJGHV)LOWHUVGHUGDV
Kaffeemehl enthält, ist verstopft. Stellen Sie ein Gefäß unter das Dampf-/
Heißwasserdüse (L) und drehen Sie den Abgabe-Taste
(N), um den Druck im Kreislauf zu reduzieren. Den
Filterhalter langsam entnehmen, da der eventuell
verbleibende Druck Spritzer verursachen könnte. Die
YHUVWRSIWHgIIQXQJGHV)LOWHUVPLWGHUPLWJHOLHIHUWHQ
1DGHOEHIUHLHQ5HLQLJHQ6LHGHQ)LOWHUZLHLP.DSLWHO
5HLQLJHQGHU)LOWHUGLH.DIIHHPHKOHQWKDOWHQ
beschrieben.
Der Portionsbeutel ist defekt. Stellen Sie ein Gefäß unter das Dampf-/
Heißwasserdüse (L) und drehen Sie den Abgabe-Taste
(N), um den Druck im Kreislauf zu reduzieren. Den
Filterhalter langsam entnehmen, da der eventuell
verbleibende Druck Spritzer verursachen könnte. Den
Haltersitz mit einem kleinen Schwamm reinigen (Abb.
'LH3RUWLRQVEHXWHOLP)LOWHUKDOWHUDXVZHFKVHOQ
Der Filterhalter war nicht richtig
eingehakt. Sicherstellen, dass der Filterhalter gut in die Flansche
VWHFNW$EE
Kaffee wird
zu schnell
ausgegeben.
Kaffeemehl zu grob gemahlen. Um einen stärkeren und wärmeren Kaffee
vorzubereiten, verwenden Sie eine feinere gemahlene
Kaffeemischung verwenden.
Das Kaffeemehl ist zu stark
gepresst. Den Kaffee in dem Filter nicht so fest drücken.
Der Filter enthält nicht genügend
Kaffee. Mehr Kaffee in den Filter geben.
Das Gerät gibt
keinen Dampf ab. Das Gerät hat nicht die richtige
Abgabetemperatur erreicht. Warten Sie, bis die Anzeigeleuchte der Dampftaste
konstant leuchtet und damit anzeigt, dass die
Temperatur im Kessel den optimalen Wert für die
Dampfabgabe erreicht hat.
Leerer Behälter. Füllen Sie den Wasserbehälter mit frischem,
natürlichem Wasser bis zu dem mit MAX angegebenen
Wert.
'HU:DVVHUEHKlOWHU2LVWQLFKW
richtig eingesetzt. Setzen Sie den Wassertank ein, indem Sie ihn bis zum
Anschlag hineinschieben.
Austrittsöffnung am
Dampfröhrchen verstopft. Benutzen Sie den mitgelieferten Stecknadel,
um eventuelle Ablagerungen in der Dampf-/
+HLZDVVHUGVH]XHQWIHUQHQ$EE5HLQLJHQ
Sie das Dampf-/Heißwasserdüse wie unter "Dampf-/
Heißwasserdüse reinigen" beschrieben. Wenn das
Problem weiterhin besteht, führen Sie die Entkalkung.
61
DE
352%/(0( 856$&+(1 /g681*(1
Vorhandensein
von Wasser im Sitz
und am Boden des
Wassertanks.
'HU:DVVHUEHKlOWHU2LVWQLFKW
richtig eingesetzt. Setzen Sie den Wassertank ein, indem Sie ihn bis zum
Anschlag hineinschieben.
Das Gerät macht
während der
Kaffeeabgabe ein
Geräusch.
Zu wenig Wasser vorhanden und
die Pumpe saugt nicht. Überprüfen Sie, ob der Wasserstand im Behälter
korrekt ist. Bei Bedarf können Sie den Tank bis zum
MAX-Füllstand mit frischem, natürlichem Wasser füllen.
Die Anzeige der
Abgabetaste
leuchtet rot.
Entkalkung erforderlich.
Führen Sie eine Entkalkung durch (siehe Abschnitt
"Entkalkung").
62
ES
A PROPÓSITO DE ESTE MANUAL
$XQTXHORVDSDUDWRVKD\DQVLGR UHDOL]DGRVVHJ~QODV1RUPDWLYDVHXURSHDVHVSHFL¿FDVYLJHQWHV\HVWpQ
por lo tanto protegidos en todas las partes potencialmente peligrosas, lea con atención estas advertencias y
utilice el aparato sólo para el uso al que ha sido destinado, para evitar accidentes y daños. Mantenga siempre
al alcance este manual para futuras consultas. Si quiere ceder este aparato a otras personas, recuerde incluir
WDPELpQHVWDVLQVWUXFFLRQHV
Las informaciones contenidas en este manual están marcadas por los siguientes símbolos que indican:
Peligro para los niños
Peligro debido a electricidad
Peligro de daños debidos a otras causas
Advertencia relativa a quemaduras
Atención – daños materiales
USO PREVISTO
3XHGHXWLOL]DUVXPiTXLQDGHFDIpGHDTXtHQDGHODQWHGHQRPLQDGD©DSDUDWRªSDUDSUHSDUDUFDIp\FDSX-
FKLQR*UDFLDVDODSRVLELOLGDGGHHURJDUDJXDFDOLHQWHWDPELpQHVSRVLEOHSUHSDUDUWpVHLQIXVLRQHV(VWH
aparato ha sido proyectado solo para un uso privado y por lo tanto se debe considerar inadecuado para un
uso comercial o industrial. Cualquier otro uso del aparato no está previsto por el Constructor, que se exime
de cualquier responsabilidad por daños de todo tipo, causados por un uso impropio del aparato. otro uso del
aparato no está previsto por el Constructor, que se exime de cualquier responsabilidad por daños de todo
WLSRFDXVDGRVSRUXQXVRLPSURSLRGHODSDUDWR(OXVRLQDSURSLDGRDGHPiVDQXODWRGRWLSRGHJDUDQWtD
RIESGOS RESTANTES
Las características constructivas del aparato, objeto de la presente publicación, no permiten proteger al usua-
rio del chorro directo de vapor o agua caliente.
¡Atención!
Peligro de quemaduras – Durante la erogación de agua caliente y vapor, no dirija el chorro hacia ter-
ceras personas o hacia sí mismo. Agarre el tubo de erogación de vapor/agua caliente sólo por la parte
de goma. No toque el tubo de metal.
Utilice solo recipientes realizados en material “para alimentos”.
ADVERTENCIAS IMPORTANTES PARA LA SEGURIDAD
LEA ATENTAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES.
(ODSDUDWRKDVLGRGLVHxDGRSDUDVHUXWLOL]DGRHQDPELHQWHVGRPpVWLFRVRVLPL-
ODUHVDORVGRPpVWLFRVFRPRSRUHMHPSOR
HQODV]RQDVGHFRFLQDUHVHUYDGDVDOSHUVRQDOGHODVWLHQGDVHQODVR¿FLQDV\HQ
otros ambientes profesionales
HQODV¿QFDVDJUtFRODV
KRWHOHVPRWHOHVSHQVLRQHV\RWUDVHVWUXFWXUDVGHKDELWDFLyQSDUDHOXVRGHVXV
KXpVSHGHV
1RVHDVXPHQUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVSRUXQXVRLQFRUUHFWRRSRUHPSOHRVGLIHUHQWHV
a los previstos en este manual de instrucciones.
6HUHFRPLHQGDFRQVHUYDUHOHPEDODMHRULJLQDO\DTXHODDVLVWHQFLDJUDWXLWDQR
concierne los daños causados por un embalaje no adecuado del producto al
momento del envío a un Centro de Asistencia Autorizado.
63
ES
Peligro para los niños
(OGLVSRVLWLYRSXHGHVHUXWLOL]DGRSRUQLxRVPD\RUHVGHDxRV\SRUSHUVRQDV
que tienen capacidades físicas, sensoriales o mentales reducidas, o falta de ex-
periencia o conocimiento, sólo si están acompañados por una persona respon-
sable o si han recibido y entendido las instrucciones y los peligros que el uso del
aparato conlleva.
/RVQLxRVQRGHEHQMXJDUFRQHODSDUDWR
/DVRSHUDFLRQHVGHOLPSLH]D\PDQWHQLPLHQWRFRQWHPSODGDVHQHVWHIROOHWRQR
GHEHQVHUUHDOL]DGDVSRUQLxRVDPHQRVTXHWHQJDQPiVGHDxRV\ODVUHDOL-
cen bajo supervisión.
0DQWHQJDHODSDUDWR\HOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQIXHUDGHODOFDQFHGHORVQLxRV
PHQRUHVGHDxRV
No deje pasar el cable de alimentación por un lugar donde un niño pueda agarrarlo.
/RVHOHPHQWRVGHOHPEDODMHQRVHGHEHQGHMDUDODOFDQFHGHORVQLxRV\DTXH
podrían originar peligros.
6LVHGHFLGHGHMDUGHXWLOL]DUHODSDUDWRDQWHVGHWLUDUORDODEDVXUDVHUHFRPLHQ-
da cortar el cable de alimentación. Se recomienda además eliminar las partes del
aparato que puedan originar peligro, especialmente para los niños, que podrían
utilizarlo para sus juegos.
1RGHMHHODO¿OHUSDUDODOLPSLH]DDODOFDQFHGHORVQLxRV\JXiUGHORHQXQOXJDU
seguro: peligro de ingestión y de heridas.
Peligro debido a electricidad
$QWHVGHFRQHFWDUHODSDUDWRDODUHGHOpFWULFDFRPSUXHEHTXHHOYROWDMHLQGLFDGR
en la placa situada debajo del aparato corresponda al de la red local.
(OXVRGHFDEOHVDODUJDGRUHVQRDXWRUL]DGRVSRUHOIDEULFDQWHSXHGHSURYRFDU
daños y accidentes.
1XQFDWLUHGHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQRGHODSDUDWRSDUDGHVFRQHFWDUODFODYLMDGH
ODWRPDHOpFWULFD
$SDJXHVLHPSUHHODSDUDWR\GHVFRQHFWHHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQGHODWRPD
HOpFWULFDDQWHVGHOOHQDUHOGHSyVLWRFRQDJXD
1RFRORTXHQXQFDODVSDUWHVEDMRWHQVLyQHQFRQWDFWRFRQHODJXD£SXHGHSUR-
vocar un corto circuito!
1RGHMHHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQHQFRQWDFWRFRQERUGHVD¿ODGRV
7HQJDFXLGDGRGHTXHHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQQRHQWUHHQFRQWDFWRFRQVXSHU-
¿FLHVFDOLHQWHV
7RGDV ODVRSHUDFLRQHVGH OLPSLH]D\PDQWHQLPLHQWRGHEHQ HIHFWXDUVHFRQHO
aparato apagado y desconectado de la toma de corriente.
1XQFDVXPHUMDHODSDUDWRHQDJXDQLHQRWURVOtTXLGRV
6LQRORXWLOL]DDXQTXHVHDSRUXQFRUWRSHUtRGRGHWLHPSRDSDJXHHODSDUDWR\
GHVFRQHFWHVLHPSUHODFODYLMDGHDOLPHQWDFLyQGHODWRPDHOpFWULFD
64
ES
Peligro de daños debidos a otras causas
$JDUUHHOFXHUSRGHODSDUDWRSDUDOHYDQWDUOR
&RORTXHHODSDUDWRHQXQHQWRUQRVX¿FLHQWHPHQWHLOXPLQDGROLPSLR\FRQXQ
HQFKXIHHOpFWULFRGHIiFLODFFHVR
(YLWHSRQHUHQHOGHSyVLWRXQDFDQWLGDGH[FHVLYDGHDJXD
1RGHMHVLQYLJLODQFLDHODSDUDWRPLHQWUDVHVWpFRQHFWDGRDODUHGHOpFWULFD
1XQFDWLUHGHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQRGHODSDUDWRSDUDGHVFRQHFWDUODFODYLMDGH
ODWRPDHOpFWULFD
(ODSDUDWRGHEHVHUXWLOL]DGR\JXDUGDGRHQXQDVXSHU¿FLHHVWDEOH
1RVHGHEHXWLOL]DUHODSDUDWRVLKDFDtGRVLSUHVHQWDGDxRVYLVLEOHVRVLSLHUGH
agua. No utilice el aparato si el cable de alimentación o la clavija están dañados,
RVLHODSDUDWRHVWiGHIHFWXRVR7RGRVORVDUUHJORVLQFOXLGDODVXVWLWXFLyQGHO
cable de alimentación, deben ser efectuados exclusivamente por el Centro de
6HUYLFLR$ULHWHRSRUWpFQLFRVDXWRUL]DGRV$ULHWHSDUDHYLWDUFXDOTXLHUULHVJR
Advertencia relativa a quemaduras
1RGLULMDQXQFDXQFKRUURGHYDSRURGHDJXDFDOLHQWHKDFLDSDUWHVGHOFXHUSR
Peligro de quemaduras.
/DV SDUWHV PHWiOLFDV H[WHUQDV GHO DSDUDWR \ GHO SRUWD¿OWUR QR GHEHQ WRFDUVH
cuando el aparato está en funcionamiento, ya que podrían causar quemaduras.
$JDUUHHOWXERGHHURJDFLyQGHYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWHVyORSRUODSDUWHGHJRPD
6L QR VDOH DJXD SRU HO SRUWD¿OWUR SRGUtD WUDWDUVH GH ¿OWUR REVWUXLGR4XLWDUHO
SRUWD¿OWUROHQWDPHQWHSXHVWRTXHHYHQWXDOSUHVLyQUHVLGXDOSRGUtDSURGXFLUVDO-
picaduras. Realizar luego la limpieza del mismo como indicado en el párrafo
correspondiente.
Atención – daños materiales
&RORTXHHODSDUDWRHQXQDVXSHU¿FLHHVWDEOH\VHFD
1RXWLOLFHHODSDUDWRVLQDJXDSRUTXHHQHVHFDVRODERPEDVHTXHPDUtD
3DUDODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHOOHQDGRGHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXDQRXWLOLFHDJXDFRQJDV
caliente o tibia o cualquier otro líquido que podría dañar el aparato.
1RFRORTXHHODSDUDWRVREUHVXSHU¿FLHVFDOLHQWHVRFHUFDGHOODPDVSDUDHYLWDU
daños a la parte exterior.
(OFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQQRGHEHWRFDUODVSDUWHVFDOLHQWHVGHODSDUDWR
1XQFDSRQJDVXVWDQFLDVGLVWLQWDVGHOFDIpPROLGRHQORV¿OWURVGHFDIpGHWD]D
y 2 tazas. De lo contrario podrían provocar graves daños al aparato.
1RGHMHHODSDUDWRHQDPELHQWHVFRQWHPSHUDWXUDVLQIHULRUHVD&\DTXHHO
agua residual en la caldera podría congelarse y provocar daños.
1RXVHHODSDUDWRHQXQHVSDFLRDODLUHOLEUH
1RGHMHHODSDUDWRH[SXHVWRDORVDJHQWHVDWPRVIpULFRVOOXYLDRVRO
65
ES
'HVSXpVGHKDEHUGHVFRQHFWDGRODFODYLMDGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ\KDEHUGHMDGRHQIULDU
las partes calientes, el aparato se deberá limpiar exclusivamente con un paño
no abrasivo, ligeramente humedecido con pocas gotas de detergente neutro no
agresivo.
1XQFDXWLOLFHGLVROYHQWHVTXHGDxHQHOSOiVWLFR
1RGHVPRQWHHODSDUDWR1RKD\SDUWHVLQWHUQDVTXHVHXWLOLFHQRTXHKD\DTXH
limpiar.
*8$5'(6,(035((67$6,16758&&,21(6
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL APARATO
$ %RWyQGHHURJDFLyQGHOFDIpSDUDWD]DFRQ
indicador luminoso de erogación
/ 7XERGHHURJDFLyQGHYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWH
M - Cable de alimentación
% %RWyQGHHURJDFLyQGHOFDIpSDUDWD]DVFRQ
indicador de erogación N - Pomo de erogación del vapor/agua caliente.
O - Deposito de agua
C - Botón del vapor con indicador luminoso 3 7DSDGHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD
' $VLHQWRGHHQJDQFKHGHOSRUWD¿OWUR 4 $O¿OHUSDUDOLPSLH]D
( 5HMLOOODH[WUDtEOH R - Prensador
F - Bandeja recolectora de gotas S - Filtro pastilla
G - Rejilla apoyatazas 7 )LOWURSDUDWD]D
H - Botón de encendido U - Filtro para 2 tazas
I - Flotador V - Disco de goteo
J - Cuerpo del aparato : 3RUWD¿OWUR
. 7XERGHPHWDO ; 7RUQLOORGHEORTXHRGHOGLVFRGHJRWHR
'DWRVGHLGHQWLÀFDFLyQ
(QODSODFDVLWXDGDGHEDMRGHODEDVHGHDSR\RGHODSDUDWRHVWiQPHQFLRQDGRVORVVLJXLHQWHVGDWRVGH
LGHQWL¿FDFLyQGHODSDUDWR
FRQVWUXFWRU\PDUFD&(
PRGHOR0RG
QGHPDWUtFXOD61
WHQVLyQHOpFWULFDGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ9\IUHFXHQFLD+]
SRWHQFLDHOpFWULFDDEVRUELGD:
QXPHURYHUGHDVLVWHQFLD
(QODVHYHQWXDOHVVROLFLWDFLRQHVDORV&HQWURVGH$VLVWHQFLD$XWRUL]DGRVLQGLTXHHOPRGHOR\HOQ~PHURGH
matrícula.
66
ES
INSTRUCCIONES DE USO
Puesta en función
Retire el embalaje y compruebe que todas las piezas están presentes.
&RORTXHHODSDUDWRVREUHXQDVXSHU¿FLHSODQD\HVWDEOH
/DYHHOGHSyVLWRHO¿OWURGH\WD]DVHO¿OWURSDUDSDVWLOODODEDQGHMDGHJRWHRODUHMLOODH[WUDtEOH\HO
SRUWD¿OWUR
Atención
$QWHVGHOPRQWDMHDVHJ~UHVHGHTXHHODSDUDWRHVWpDSDJDGR\GHVFRQHFWDGRGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
HOpFWULFD
Operaciones preliminares
0RQWHODUHMLOODH[WUDtEOH(HQODEDQGHMDGHJRWHR))LJ
&RORTXHODEDQGHMDGHJRWHR)HQODEDVHGHODSDUDWR)LJ
5HWLUHHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD2GHODSDUDWR)LJ
$EUDODWDSDGHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD3)LJ
Atención
$SDJXHVLHPSUHHODSDUDWR\GHVFRQHFWHHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQGHODWRPDHOpFWULFDDQWHVGHOOHQDU
el depósito con agua.
No llene el depósito de agua mientras que está introducido en el aparato. Peligro de electrocución.
Atención
Para las operaciones de llenado del depósito de agua, no utilice agua con gas, caliente o tibia o cual-
quier otro líquido que podría dañar el aparato.
/OHQHHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXDFRQDJXDGHOJULIRIUHVFDKDVWDHOQLYHO0È;)LJ
NUNCA llenar el depósito de agua por encima del nivel MAX.
&LHUUHODWDSDGHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD3)LJ
,QWURGX]FDHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD2HQVXDORMDPLHQWR)LJ
Para asegurar el funcionamiento correcto del aparato, empuje hasta el fondo el depósito de agua.
Compruebe que el depósito esté introducido correctamente, si no es así el dispositivo no puede
erogar café.
Primer encendido
Atención
Antes de encender el aparato, asegúrese de que ha instalado correctamente todos los componentes.
Controle que la tensión de la red doméstica sea igual que la indicada en la tarjeta con los datos téc-
nicos del aparato.
,QWURGX]FDODFODYLMDHQODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH)LJ
(QJDQFKHHOSRUWD¿OWURHQVXDORMDPLHQWRVLQSRQHUQLQJ~Q¿OWUR
3UHVLRQHHOERWyQGHHQFHQGLGR+)LJ
/RVLQGLFDGRUHVOXPLQRVRVGHORVERWRQHVGHHURJDFLyQWD]D
, 2 tazas
y del botón de vapor
UHODPSDJXHDQ&XDQGRHODSDUDWRKDDOFDQ]DGRODWHPSHUDWXUDDGHFXDGDSDUDKDFHUHOFDIpORV
indicadores luminosos de los botones
VHHQFLHQGHQ¿MRV
Antes de utilizar el aparato por primera vez, ejecute un ciclo de limpieza de los circuitos internos.
&RORTXHXQUHFLSLHQWHGHDOPHQRVPOGHFDSDFLGDGEDMRHOSRUWD¿OWUR)LJ
3UHVLRQHHOERWyQGHHURJDFLyQGHOFDIpSDUDWD]DV
)LJ,QLFLHHOSURFHVRGHHURJDFLyQKDVWD
TXHYHDVDOLUDJXDSRUHOSRUWD¿OWUR
$O¿QDOGHOSURFHVRGHHURJDFLyQFRORTXHXQUHFLSLHQWHGHEDMRGHOWXERGHHURJDFLyQGHYDSRUDJXD
FDOLHQWH)LJ
67
ES
- Gire el pomo de erogación del vapor/agua caliente hacia la posición agua/vapor )LJ,QLFLHHO
proceso de erogación hasta que vea salir agua caliente por el tubo de erogación del vapor/agua caliente.
V uelva a girar el pomo de erogación del vapor/agua caliente a la posición para interrumpir el suminis-
tro de agua caliente.
Repita los pasos hasta agotar toda el agua contenida en el depósito.
NOTA: repita esta operación cada vez que encienda el aparato después de varios días sin utilizarlo.
Si el depósito se queda sin agua, se notará una vibración y un ruido más fuerte. Los indicadores
luminosos de los botones de erogación 1 taza ( ), 2 tazas ( ) y del botón de vapor ( ) relam-
paguean. Para restablecer el funcionamiento del aparato, véase el párrafo "Llenado del depósito de
agua durante el uso".
$KRUDHODSDUDWRHVWiOLVWRSDUDSUHSDUDUHOSULPHUFDIp
5HPRFLyQGHOÀOWUR
127$(OSRUWD¿OWUROOHJDHTXLSDGRFRQHO¿OWURSDUDWD]DV\DLQWURGXFLGR3DUDVDEHUFyPRTXLWDUHO¿OWUR
YHDODVLPiJHQHV7DPELpQHVSRVLEOHOHYDQWDUHO¿OWURFRQORVGHGRVSDUDTXLWDUOR
COMO HACER EL CAFÉ
5HWLUHHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD2GHODSDUDWR)LJ
$EUDODWDSDGHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD3)LJ
Atención
$SDJXHVLHPSUHHODSDUDWR\GHVFRQHFWHHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQGHODWRPDHOpFWULFDDQWHVGHOOHQDU
el depósito con agua.
No llene el depósito de agua mientras que está introducido en el aparato. Peligro de electrocución.
Atención
Para las operaciones de llenado del depósito de agua, no utilice agua con gas, caliente o tibia o cual-
quier otro líquido que podría dañar el aparato.
/OHQHHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXDFRQDJXDGHOJULIRIUHVFDKDVWDHOQLYHO0È;)LJ
NUNCA llenar el depósito de agua por encima del nivel MAX.
&LHUUHODWDSDGHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD3)LJ
,QWURGX]FDHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD2HQVXDORMDPLHQWR)LJ
Para asegurar el funcionamiento correcto del aparato, empuje hasta el fondo el depósito de agua.
Compruebe que el depósito esté introducido correctamente, si no es así el dispositivo no puede
erogar café.
(OHJLUHO¿OWURGHVHDGR7SDUDWD]D\8SDUDWD]DV\FRORFDUORHQHOSRUWD¿OWUR)LJ3RQJDOD
FDQWLGDGGHVHDGDGHFDIpHQHO¿OWUR\SUHVLyQHORELHQFRQHOSUHQVDGRUHVSHFt¿FR5)LJ
¡Atención!
6LVHLQVHUWDXQDFDQWLGDGH[FHVLYDGHFDIpPROLGRHQHO¿OWURODURWDFLyQGHOSRUWD¿OWURSXHGHVHUGLItFLO
\RGXUDQWHODHURJDFLyQSXHGHTXHKD\DSHUWDVGHFDIpGHOSRUWD¿OWUR
68
ES
,QVHUWHHOSRUWD¿OWUR:HQVXDORMDPLHQWRDVHJXUiQGRVHGHPDQWHQHUHOPDQJRDOLQHDGRFRQHOVtPEROR
SUHVHQWHHQHOFXHUSRGHODSDUDWR)LJ
*LUHHOSRUWD¿OWURKDVWDDOLQHDUHOPDQJRFRQHOVtPEROR
.
$VHJ~UHVHGHTXHKDEORTXHDGRFRUUHFWDPHQWHHOSRUWDÀOWURHQVXVRSRUWH)LJ
Elija la taza adecuada
Antes de preparar la bebida que desee, elija la taza basándose en la tabla siguiente:
&DIpH[SUHVR Individual
Doble XQRVPO
XQRVPO
(O¿OWURGHWD]DVVHSXHGHXWLOL]DUSDUDHURJDUGRVWD]DVLQGLYLGXDOHVGHFDIpRSDUDHURJDUXQFDIpODUJRRPiV
intenso.
Ajuste de la cantidad de agua erogada para 1 taza o 2 tazas
6HSXHGHDMXVWDUODFDQWLGDGGHDJXDHURJDGDSDUDWD]DRWD]DVGHFDIpWLHPSRGHHURJDFLyQGHODJXD
FDOLHQWHDWUDYpVGHOSRUWD¿OWUR
/DFDQWLGDGGHDJXDHURJDGDDIHFWDDOVDERUPiVRPHQRVIXHUWHGHOFDIp\DODFDOLGDGGHODFUHPD3XHGH
KDFHUSUXHEDVFDPELDQGRHVWHSDUiPHWURSDUDHQFRQWUDUHOVDERUSHUIHFWRSDUDVXFDIp
NOTA: el ajuste de la cantidad de agua erogada para 1 taza o 2 tazas debe efectuarse durante la ero-
gación de café.
3DUDSURJUDPDUODFDQWLGDGGHDJXDTXHVHYDDHURJDUSDUDXQDWD]DGHFDIpSXOVH\PDQWHQJDSXOVDGRHO
botón
GXUDQWHHOWLHPSRQHFHVDULR(OWLHPSRWUDQVFXUULGRSURJUDPDODQXHYDFDQWLGDGGHDJXDSDUD
WD]DGHFDIp3DUDSURJUDPDUODFDQWLGDGGHDJXDTXHVHYDDHURJDUSDUDWD]DVSXOVH\PDQWHQJDSXOVDGR
el botón
GXUDQWHHOWLHPSRQHFHVDULR(OWLHPSRWUDQVFXUULGRSURJUDPDODQXHYDFDQWLGDGGHDJXDSDUD
WD]DVGHFDIp
Erogación del café
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3UHVLRQHHOERWyQGHHQFHQGLGR+)LJ
/RVLQGLFDGRUHVOXPLQRVRVGHORVERWRQHVGHHURJDFLyQWD]D
, 2 tazas
\GHOERWyQGHYDSRU
UHODPSDJXHDQ&XDQGRHODSDUDWRKDDOFDQ]DGRODWHPSHUDWXUDDGHFXDGDSDUDKDFHUHOFDIpORVLQGLFDGRUHV
luminosos de los botones
VHHQFLHQGHQ¿MRV
3DUDTXHHOSULPHUFDIpWDPELpQHVWpELHQFDOLHQWHHVDFRQVHMDEOHGHMDUFDOHQWDUHOSRUWD¿OWURGHMiQGRORLQWUR-
GXFLGRHQVXDORMDPLHQWRSRUXQRVPLQXWRVDQWHVGHKDFHUHOFDIp(VWRQRVHUiQHFHVDULRSDUDORVRWURVFDIpV
3XOVHHOERWyQGHHURJDFLyQGHOFDIp
SDUDSUHSDUDUWD]DGHFDIpRSXOVHHOERWyQGHHURJDFLyQGHO
FDIp
SDUDSUHSDUDUWD]DVGHFDIp
3DUDGHWHQHUODHURJDFLyQDQWHVTXHHODSDUDWRKD\DWHUPLQDGRYXHOYDDSUHVLRQDUHOERWyQGHHURJDFLyQ
GHOFDIp
¡Atención!
$OLJXDOTXHFRQODVPiTXLQDVGHFDIpSURIHVLRQDOHVQRVHGHEHUHWLUDUHOSRUWD¿OWURPLHQWUDVTXHHO
botón de erogación está activado.
¡Atención!
&XDQGRVHDFDEDHOVXPLQLVWURGHFDIpHVSHUHXQRVGLH]VHJXQGRVDQWHVGHTXLWDUHOSRUWD¿OWURSDUD
quitar el mismo girarlo despacio desde la derecha hacia la izquierda para evitar chorros ó salpicaduras
GHDJXDyFDIp
6LHQODIDVHGHHVSHUDGHOYDSRUVHSURGXFHQSHTXHxRVEX¿GRVGHYDSRUDWUDYpVGHOSRUWD¿OWURHOIHQyPHQR
debe considerarse absolutamente normal.
Una vez terminada la erogación los indicadores luminosos de los botones
se encienden
HQPRGR¿MR
3XOVHHOERWyQGHHQFHQGLGR+SDUDDSDJDUHODSDUDWR)LJ
69
ES
COMO PREPARAR EL CAFÉ CON PASTILLA MONODOSIS
,QWURGXFLUHQHOSRUWD¿OWUR:HO¿OWURSDUDSDVWLOODV6
&RORFDUODSDVWLOODHQHO¿OWUR)LJ
2 Colocar la pastilla empujándola con los dedos hacia dentro. La pastilla monodosis debe quedar bien en el
FHQWUR\FRORFDGDHQHOLQWHULRUGHO¿OWUR
3DUDHYLWDUSRVLEOHVIXJDVGHDJXDGREOHHLQWURGX]FDKDFLDHOLQWHULRUGHO¿OWURODVSDUWHVH[WHULRUHVGH
SDSHOGHODSDVWLOODTXHSRGUtDQVREUHVDOLUGHOSRUWD¿OWUR)LJ
$KRUDHVSRVLEOHLQWURGXFLUHOSRUWD¿OWURHQVXDORMDPLHQWR
,QVHUWHHOSRUWD¿OWUR:HQVXDORMDPLHQWRDVHJXUiQGRVHGHPDQWHQHUHOPDQJRDOLQHDGRFRQHOVtPEROR
SUHVHQWHHQHOFXHUSRGHODSDUDWR)LJ
*LUHHOSRUWD¿OWURKDVWDDOLQHDUHOPDQJRFRQHOVtPEROR
.
'HVSXpVGHKDEHUSUHSDUDGRHOFDIpDOUHWLUDUHOSRUWD¿OWURODSDVWLOODSRGUtDTXHGDUDWUDSDGDHQHODORMD-
PLHQWRGHOSRUWD¿OWUR3DUDTXLWDUODLQFOLQDUHOSRUWD¿OWUR)LJGHMDQGRTXHODSDVWLOODPRQRGRVLVFDLJD
en el mismo.
3DUDREWHQHUVLHPSUHXQFDIpH[FHOHQWHKD\TXHFRPSUDUODSDVWLOODTXHWLHQHODPDUFDGHFRPSDWLELOLGDG
(6(
6LODSDVWLOODQRHVWiELHQFRORFDGDRHOSRUWDÀOWURQRHVWiELHQFHUUDGRSRGUtDQVDOLUDOJXQDVJRWDV
GHDJXDGHOSRUWDÀOWURPLVPR
CÓMO PREPARAR LA ESPUMA DE LECHE PARA EL CAFÉ
&RORTXHXQDWD]DHQODUHMLOODH[WUDtEOH()LJ
Si lo desea, puede utilizar una taza grande.
5HWLUHODUHMLOODH[WUDtEOH(\ODEDQGHMDGHJRWHR))LJ
&RORTXHODWD]DHQODUHMLOODGHDSR\RGHODVWD]DV*)LJ
3UHSDUDUHOFDIp)LJ
¡Atención!
Peligro de quemaduras. Agarre el tubo de erogación de vapor/agua caliente sólo por la parte de goma.
No toque el tubo de metal.
Peligro de quemaduras causadas por las salpicaduras de agua caliente y vapor que pueden escaparse
del tubo de erogación de vapor/agua caliente.
'LULMDHOWXERGHHURJDFLyQGHYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWH/KDFLDODEDQGHMDGHJRWHR))LJ
3UHVLRQDUHOERWyQGHOYDSRU /DOX]GHOERWyQGHOYDSRUHPSH]DUiDSDUSDGHDU(VSHUHKDVWDTXHHO
LQGLFDGRUOXPLQRVRGHOERWyQGHOYDSRUVHHQFLHQGDHQPRGR¿MRORTXHLQGLFDTXHODWHPSHUDWXUDHQOD
caldera ha alcanzado el nivel ideal para erogar el vapor.
&RORTXHODMDUUDFRQODOHFKHTXHVHYDDPRQWDUEDMRHOWXERGHHURJDFLyQGHOYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWH/
6XPHUMDDIRQGRHOWXERGHHURJDFLyQGHOYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWH/GHQWURGHODMDUUDFRQODOHFKH)LJ
7 Gire el pomo de erogación del vapor/agua caliente hacia la posición agua/vapor )LJ(ODSD-
rato comenzará a dispensar vapor.
0XHYD\JLUHODMDUUDFRQODOHFKHDPHGLGDTXHVDOHHOYDSRUGHDJXDSRUHOWXERGHHURJDFLyQGHYDSRU
agua caliente.
/DOHFKHHVWiPRQWDGDFXDQGRODHVSXPDDSDUHFHHQODMDUUD)LJ
9XHOYDDJLUDUHOSRPRGHHURJDFLyQGHYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWHDODSRVLFLyQ para interrumpir la erogación
de vapor.
'HVSXpVGHFDGDXVRHURJXHYDSRUGXUDQWHXQRVVHJXQGRVSDUDOLEHUDUHORULÀFLRGHODERTXLOODGH
erogación de vapor/agua caliente de los eventuales residuos de leche.
8VHXQSDxRK~PHGRQRDEUDVLYRSDUDOLPSLDUHORULÀFLRGHOWXERGHHURJDFLyQGHYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWH
y el tubo de metal.
9LHUWDODHVSXPDGHOHFKHHQODWD]DGHFDIpSUHSDUDGDSUHYLDPHQWH
70
ES
REUTILIZACIÓN DE LA MÁQUINA PARA UN CAFÉ
3DUDSUHSDUDURWURFDIpLQPHGLDWDPHQWHGHVSXpVGHKDEHUHURJDGRYDSRUHVQHFHVDULRGHMDUHQIULDUHODSDUDWR
&RORTXHXQUHFLSLHQWHEDMRHOWXERGHHURJDFLyQGHOYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWH)LJ
2 Gire el pomo de erogación del vapor/agua caliente hacia la posición agua/vapor )LJ(ODSD-
rato comenzará a erogar agua caliente.
La erogación de agua caliente permitirá que el aparato se enfríe más rápidamente. Cuando el aparato ha
alcanzado la temperatura ideal, la erogación de agua caliente se detiene automáticamente.
9XHOYDDJLUDUHOSRPRGHHURJDFLyQGHOYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWHDODSRVLFLyQ para interrumpir la eroga-
ción de agua caliente.
$KRUDHODSDUDWRHVWiOLVWRSDUDSUHSDUDURWURFDIp
CÓMO EROGAR AGUA CALIENTE
¡Atención!
Peligro de quemaduras. Agarre el tubo de erogación de vapor/agua caliente sólo por la parte de goma.
No toque el tubo de metal.
Peligro de quemaduras causadas por las salpicaduras de agua caliente y vapor que pueden escaparse
del tubo de erogación de vapor/agua caliente.
&RORTXHXQDWD]DHQODUHMLOODH[WUDtEOH()LJ
2 Gire el pomo de erogación del vapor/agua caliente hacia la posición agua/vapor )LJ(ODSD-
rato comenzará a erogar agua caliente.
9XHOYDDJLUDUHOSRPRGHHURJDFLyQGHOYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWHDODSRVLFLyQ para interrumpir la eroga-
ción de agua caliente.
CONSEJOS ÚTILES PARA OBTENER UN BUEN CAFÉ EXPRÉS A LA
ITALIANA
(OFDIpPROLGRVHGHEHSUHQVDUHQIRUPDOLJHUDHQHOSRUWD¿OWUR8QFDIpPDVRPHQRVIXHUWHGHSHQGHGHOJUDGR
GHPROHGXUDGHOPLVPRFDIpGHODFDQWLGDGTXHVHFRORFDHQHOSRUWD¿OWUR\GHOSUHQVDGR8QRVSRFRVVH-
JXQGRVVRQVX¿FLHQWHVSDUDTXHHOFDIpFDLJDHQODVWDFLWDV6LHOWLHPSRGHVXPLQLVWURHVVXSHULRUHVWRTXLHUH
GHFLUTXHODPROHGXUDHVGHPDVLDGR¿QDRTXHHOSROYRFRORFDGRHQHOSRUWD¿OWURKDVLGRSUHQVDGRGHPDVLDGR
LLENADO DEL DEPÓSITO DE AGUA DURANTE EL USO
Atención
$SDJXHVLHPSUHHODSDUDWR\GHVFRQHFWHHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQGHODWRPDHOpFWULFDDQWHVGHOOHQDU
el depósito con agua.
No llene el depósito de agua mientras que está introducido en el aparato. Peligro de electrocución.
Atención
Para las operaciones de llenado del depósito de agua, no utilice agua con gas, caliente o tibia o cual-
quier otro líquido que podría dañar el aparato.
Se recomienda comprobar siempre el nivel del agua en el depósito.
$SDJXHHODSDUDWR\GHVHQFKXIHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
5HWLUHHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD2GHODSDUDWR)LJ
$EUDODWDSDGHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD3)LJ
/OHQHHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXDFRQDJXDGHOJULIRIUHVFDKDVWDHOQLYHO0È;)LJ
NUNCA llenar el depósito de agua por encima del nivel MAX.
&LHUUHODWDSDGHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD3)LJ
,QWURGX]FDHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD2HQVXDORMDPLHQWR)LJ
Para asegurar el funcionamiento correcto del aparato, empuje hasta el fondo el depósito de agua.
Compruebe que el depósito esté introducido correctamente, si no es así el dispositivo no puede
erogar café.
71
ES
¡Atención!
Peligro de quemaduras causadas por las salpicaduras de agua caliente y vapor que pueden escaparse
del tubo de erogación de vapor/agua caliente.
6LHODSDUDWRVLJXHVLQHURJDUFDIpGHVSXpVGHKDEHUOOHQDGRHLQWURGXFLGRFRUUHFWDPHQWHHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD
proceda como sigue:
&RORTXHXQUHFLSLHQWHEDMRHOWXERGHHURJDFLyQGHOYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWH)LJ
3UHVLRQHHOERWyQGHHQFHQGLGR+)LJ
*LUHHOSRPRGHHURJDFLyQGHOYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWHKDFLDODSRVLFLyQDJXDYDSRU )LJ,QLFLHHO
proceso de erogación hasta que vea salir agua caliente por el tubo de erogación del vapor/agua caliente.
9XHOYDDJLUDUHOSRPRGHHURJDFLyQGHOYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWHDODSRVLFLyQ SDUDLQWHUUXPSLUHOVXPLQLV-
tro de agua caliente.
FUNCIÓN DE AUTO APAGADO
(VWHDSDUDWRHVWiHTXLSDGRFRQXQVLVWHPDGHDSDJDGRDXWRPiWLFRGHDFXHUGRFRQODQXHYDQRUPDWLYDVREUH
ORVFRQVXPRVHQHUJpWLFRV$OFDERGHPLQXWRVGHLQDFWLYLGDGHODSDUDWRVHDSDJDUi3DUDKDFHURWURFDIpVH
GHEHUiYROYHUDHQFHQGHUHODSDUDWRSUHVLRQDQGRHOERWyQGHHQFHQGLGR+&XDQGRHODSDUDWRKDDOFDQ]DGR
ODWHPSHUDWXUDDGHFXDGDSDUDKDFHUHOFDIpORVLQGLFDGRUHVOXPLQRVRVGHORVERWRQHV se
HQFLHQGHQ¿MRV
LIMPIEZA DEL APARATO
8QDOLPSLH]DUHJXODU\GLDULDD\XGDDPDQWHQHUHODSDUDWRH¿FLHQWH\DSURORQJDUVXYLGD~WLO
¡Atención!
7RGDVODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHOLPSLH]D\PDQWHQLPLHQWRGHEHQHIHFWXDUVHFRQHODSDUDWRDSDJDGR\GHV-
conectado de la toma de corriente.
¡Atención!
La limpieza se debe efectuar cuando las partes calientes del aparato se han enfriado.
¡Atención!
No lave nunca los componentes del aparato en el lavaplatos. No utilice chorros de agua directa.
1RXWLOLFHGHWHUJHQWHVDEUDVLYRVRXWHQVLOLRVGHPHWDOSDUDHYLWDUUD\DU\GDxDUODVVXSHU¿FLHVGHDFHUR
/LPSLH]DGHORVÀOWURVTXHFRQWLHQHQHOFDIpPROLGR
$VHJ~UHVHGHTXHORVRUL¿FLRVQRHVWpQREVWUXLGRV+DJDVDOLUDJXDKLUYLHQGRDWUDYpVGHOSRUWD¿OWURLQWURGX-
FLGRVLQFDIpSDUDGLVROYHURHOLPLQDUFXDOTXLHUUHVLGXRGHFDIpXRWUDVLPSXUH]DV
¡Atención!
4XLWDUHOSRUWD¿OWUROHQWDPHQWHSXHVWRTXHHYHQWXDOSUHVLyQUHVLGXDOSRGUtDSURGXFLUVDOSLFDGXUDV
/HUHFRPHQGDPRVTXHOLPSLHPLQXFLRVDPHQWHORV¿OWURVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHFDGDPHVHVXWLOL]DQGRODVSDV-
WLOODVHVSHFt¿FDVSDUDODOLPSLH]DGHORV¿OWURVGLVSRQLEOHVHQHOPHUFDGRVLJXLHQGRHVWRVSDVRV
,QWURGX]FDXQDSDVWLOODGHOLPSLH]DSDUD¿OWURVHQHO¿OWURVLQFDIp
,QWURGX]FDHOSRUWD¿OWURHQVXDORMDPLHQWR
3XOVHHOERWyQGHOFDIpWD]DV
para iniciar la erogación.
'HMHDFWXDUODSDVWLOODGXUDQWHDOPHQRVPLQXWRV
9XHOYDDSXOVDUHOERWyQGHOFDIpSDUDGHWHQHUODHURJDFLyQ
5HSLWDODRSHUDFLyQGHHURJDFLyQGHODJXD'HMDUUHSRVDUGXUDQWHXQPLQXWR5HSLWDODVRSHUDFLRQHVSRU
FLFORVGHHURJDFLyQ
5HWLUHHOSRUWD¿OWURGHODORMDPLHQWRGHHQJDQFKHVDTXHHO¿OWURGHOSRUWD¿OWUR\HQMXDJXHWRGRVORVFRPSR-
nentes bajo el agua corriente del grifo.
$SDJXHHODSDUDWR\GHVHQFKXIHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
/LPSLHODVSDUWHVLQWHUQDVFRQXQDHVSRQMDVXDYHSDUDHOLPLQDUFXDOTXLHUUHVLGXRGHGHWHUJHQWH)LJ
72
ES
5HSLWDODVRSHUDFLRQHVSDUDWRGRVORV¿OWURV
Si el aparato se utiliza a diario, se recomienda efectuar la operación de limpieza al menos cada tres meses.
/LPSLH]DGHOVRSRUWHGHDFRSODPLHQWRGHOSRUWDÀOWUR
¡Atención!
1RGHMHHOSRUWD¿OWURHQJDQFKDGRHQVXVRSRUWH/DMXQWDSUHVHQWHHQHOVRSRUWHGHDFRSODPLHQWRGHO
SRUWD¿OWURSRGUtDGHWHULRUDUVH
&RQHOXVRHQHODVLHQWRGHHQJDQFKHGHOSRUWD¿OWURSXHGHFUHDUVHXQDVHGLPHQWDFLyQGHSRVRVGHFDIpTXH
VHSXHGHQTXLWDUFRQXQSDOLOORGHGLHQWHVXQDHVSRQMD)LJRGHMDQGRFRUUHUHODJXDVLQHOSRUWD¿OWUR
LQWURGXFLGR)LJ
(VWDRSHUDFLyQGHDFODUDGRGHODORMDPLHQWRGHHQJDQFKHGHOSRUWD¿OWURGHEHUHDOL]DUVHFDGDFDIpVDSUR-
ximadamente.
3XOVHHOERWyQGHOFDIpWD]DV
SDUDLQLFLDUODHURJDFLyQ(ODSDUDWRFRPHQ]DUiDHURJDUDJXD(VSHUH
TXHKD\DQVLGRHURJDGRVSRUORPHQRVPOGHDJXD
Limpieza del tubo de erogación del vapor/agua caliente
¡Atención!
Realice la operación cuando el tubo de erogación del vapor/agua caliente está frío para evitar que-
maduras.
'HVSXpVGHFDGDXVROLPSLHHOWXERGHHURJDFLyQGHYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWHFRQXQSDxRK~PHGRSDUDHOLPLQDU
los eventuales residuos de leche externos. Para eliminar los residuos internos, proceda como sigue:
*LUHHOSRPRGHHURJDFLyQGHOYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWHKDFLDODSRVLFLyQDJXDYDSRU )LJ+DJD
salir vapor durante unos segundos.
2 V uelva a girar el pomo de erogación de vapor/agua caliente a la posición para interrumpir la erogación
de vapor.
3XOVHHOERWyQGHHQFHQGLGR+SDUDDSDJDUHODSDUDWR)LJ
Limpie los componentes del tubo de erogación de vapor/agua caliente regularmente.
5HWLUHHOWXERGHPHWDO)LJ\TXLWHODSDUWHGHJRPDGHOWXERGHHURJDFLyQGHYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWH
WLUDQGRGHpOKDFLDDEDMR/DYHFRQDJXDFRUULHQWH(ORUL¿FLRVHSXHGHOLPSLDUFRQXQSDxRQRDEUDVLYR
0RQWHHOWXERGHPHWDO.KDVWDHOWRSH,QWURGX]FDODSDUWHGHJRPDHPSXMiQGRODKDFLDDUULED6LHV
QHFHVDULRFRQHODO¿OHU4HQGRWDFLyQOLPSLHHORUL¿FLRGHVDOLGDGHOYDSRU)LJ
Limpieza del depósito de agua
Limpie periódicamente el interior del depósito de agua con una esponja o un paño húmedo.
Limpieza del cuerpo del aparato
¡Atención!
No utilice detergentes abrasivos.
/LPSLHODVSDUWHV¿MDVGHODSDUDWRFRQXQSDxRK~PHGRQRDEUDVLYRSDUDHYLWDUGDxDUODFDUFDVD
Limpieza de la rejilla extraíble y de la bandeja de goteo
¡Atención!
La operación de limpieza debe efectuarse con el aparato apagado y con la clavija desconectada de
la toma de corriente.
9DFtHGHYH]HQFXDQGRODEDQGHMDGHJRWHR)
/DEDQGHMDGHJRWHRHVWiHTXLSDGDFRQXQÀRWDGRU,&XDQGRHOÀRWDGRUVREUHVDOHGHODUHMLOODH[WUDtEOH
VLJQL¿FDTXHODEDQGHMDGHJRWHRHVWiOOHQDGHDJXD\VHGHEHYDFLDU
5HWLUHODEDQGHMDGHJRWHR))LJ
5HWLUHODUHMLOODH[WUDtEOH()LJ
9DFtHODEDQGHMDGHJRWHR)HQHOIUHJDGHUR
73
ES
/DYHODEDQGHMDGHJRWHR\ODUHMLOODH[WUDtEOHFRQDJXDIUHVFD
6HTXHFRQXQSDxRVHFR
0RQWHODUHMLOODH[WUDtEOH(HQODEDQGHMDGHJRWHR))LJ
&RORTXHODEDQGHMDGHJRWHR)HQODEDVHGHODSDUDWR)LJ
DESCALCIFICACIÓN
¡Atención!
1RXWLOLFHYLQDJUHXRWURVSURGXFWRVGHVFDOFL¿FDGRUHVQRDXWRUL]DGRVSRUHOIDEULFDQWH
¡Atención!
Peligro de quemaduras causadas por las salpicaduras de agua caliente y vapor que pueden escaparse
del tubo de erogación de vapor/agua caliente.
8QEXHQPDQWHQLPLHQWR\XQDOLPSLH]DUHJXODUSUHVHUYDQ\PDQWLHQHQH¿FLHQWHHODSDUDWRGXUDQWHXQSHUtR-
do más largo limitando considerablemente los riesgos de formación de depósitos calcáreos en el aparato.
6LDSHVDUGHHOORGHVSXpVGHDOJ~QWLHPSRHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODSDUDWRHVWXYLHVHFRPSURPHWLGRFRPR
consecuencia del empleo frecuente de agua dura y con mucha cal, se puede hacer un tratamiento de descal-
FL¿FDFLyQGHODSDUDWRSDUDHOLPLQDUHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHIHFWXRVR3DUDHVWH¿QXWLOLFHXQDJHQWHGHGHVFDOFL¿-
FDFLyQDEDVHGHiFLGRFtWULFR3DUDHVWH¿QXWLOLFHXQDJHQWHGHGHVFDOFL¿FDFLyQDEDVHGHiFLGRFtWULFR(VWH
producto se puede encontrar fácilmente en los Centros de Asistencia.
(O)DEULFDQWHQRDVXPHQLQJXQDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGSRUGDxRVDORVFRPSRQHQWHVLQWHUQRVGHODSDUDWR
causados por el uso de productos no conformes debido a la presencia de aditivos químicos.
(ODSDUDWRQHFHVLWDXQDGHVFDOFL¿FDFLyQFXDQGRORVLQGLFDGRUHVGHORVERWRQHV se encien-
den con luz roja. Siga estos pasos:
-
3XOVHHOERWyQGHHQFHQGLGR+SDUDDSDJDUHODSDUDWR)LJ'HVFRQHFWHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
5HWLUHHOSRUWD¿OWURGHODVLHQWRGHHQJDQFKH
/OHQHHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXDFRQDJXDGHOJULIRIUHVFDKDVWDHOQLYHO0È;9LHUWDHOSURGXFWRGHVFDOFL¿FDGRU
en el depósito de agua.
&RORTXHGHEDMRGHODVLHQWRGHHQJDQFKHGHOSRUWD¿OWURXQUHFLSLHQWHORVX¿FLHQWHPHQWHJUDQGHFRPRSDUD
contener el agua del depósito. Dirija el tubo de erogación de vapor/agua caliente hacia el recipiente.
-
3UHVLRQHHOERWyQGHHQFHQGLGR+)LJ(VSHUHKDVWDTXHORVLQGLFDGRUHVOXPLQRVRVGHORVERWRQHV
VHHQFLHQGDQ¿MRV
3UHVLRQHDOPLVPRWLHPSRHOERWyQGHOFDIpWD]DHOERWyQGHOFDIpWD]DV\HOERWyQGHOYDSRUGXUDQWH
XQRVVHJXQGRV(OSURJUDPDGHGHVFDOFL¿FDFLyQDUUDQFD\ODVROXFLyQFRQWHQLGDHQHOGHSyVLWRGH
agua comienza a salir por el tubo de erogación de vapor/agua caliente. Los indicadores luminosos de los
ERWRQHVGHHURJDFLyQWD]D , 2 tazas y del botón de vapor relampaguean.
Los depósitos de cal serán eliminados del circuito interno del aparato.
'HVSXpVGHXQDVHULHGHODYDGRV\SDXVDVHOFLFORGHGHVFDOFL¿FDFLyQWHUPLQD8QDYH]WHUPLQDGDODHURJD-
ción los indicadores luminosos de los botones VHHQFLHQGHQHQPRGR¿MR
9DFtHHOGHSyVLWRGHODJXDGHODVROXFLyQUHVWDQWH(QMXDJXHHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD
Llene el depósito de agua con agua del grifo fresca.
-
3UHVLRQHDOPLVPRWLHPSRHOERWyQGHOFDIpWD]DHOERWyQGHOFDIpWD]DV\HOERWyQGHOYDSRUGXUDQWH
XQRVVHJXQGRV(PSLH]DODIDVHGHHQMXDJXH\HODJXDFRQWHQLGDHQHOGHSyVLWRFRPLHQ]DDVDOLUSRUHO
DORMDPLHQWRGHHQJDQFKHGHOSRUWD¿OWUR\SRUHOWXERGHHURJDFLyQGHYDSRUDJXDFDOLHQWH/RVLQGLFDGRUHV
OXPLQRVRVGHORVERWRQHVGHHURJDFLyQWD]D , 2 tazas y del botón de vapor relampaguean.
'HVSXpVGHXQDVHULHGHODYDGRV\SDXVDVHOFLFORGHHQMXDJXH¿QDOL]D(ODSDUDWRVHDSDJD
Llene el depósito de agua con agua del grifo fresca.
-
3UHVLRQHHOERWyQGHHQFHQGLGR+)LJ/RVLQGLFDGRUHVOXPLQRVRVGHORVERWRQHV
se encenderán en color blanco.
6LODVOXFHVVLJXHQSDUSDGHDQGRHQURMRUHSLWDHOFLFORGHGHVFDOFLÀFDFLyQ
74
ES
PUESTA FUERA DE SERVICIO
6LVHSRQHHODSDUDWRIXHUDGHVHUYLFLRHVQHFHVDULRGHVFRQHFWDUORHOpFWULFDPHQWH9DFLDUODEDQGHMDUHFR-
JHJRWDV\OLPSLDUODYHUSiUUDIR/LPSLH]DGHODSDUDWR(QFDVRGHGHVPDQWHODPLHQWRVHGHEHUiQVHSDUDU
los varios materiales utilizados en la construcción del aparato y proveer a su disposición según su composi-
ción y de acuerdo con las disposiciones legales vigentes en el País de uso.
CÓMO SOLUCIONAR ALGUNOS PROBLEMAS
(QFDVRGHPDOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRDSDJXHGHLQPHGLDWRHODSDUDWR\GHVFRQHFWHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGH
FRUULHQWHHOpFWULFD
352%/(0$6 CAUSAS 62/8&,21(6
La erogación
GHOFDIpQRVH
produce o se
produce demasiado
lentamente.
(OGHSyVLWRGHDJXD2QR
está bien colocado. Introduzca bien el depósito de agua empujándolo a fondo.
Depósito vacío. Llene el depósito de agua con agua del grifo fresca hasta el
QLYHO0È;)LJ
/RVRUL¿FLRVGHHURJDFLyQ
en el alojamiento de
HQJDQFKHGHOSRUWD¿OWUR
están obstruidos.
+DJDIXQFLRQDUHODSDUDWRVLQHOSRUWD¿OWURGHMDQGRVDOLUHO
agua. Si el agua sigue sin salir de manera uniforme por
WRGRVORVRUL¿FLRVHIHFW~HODGHVFDOFL¿FDFLyQ
(O¿OWURTXHFRQWLHQHHO
SROYRGHFDIpWLHQHHORUL¿FLR
de salida obstruido.
Coloque un recipiente bajo el tubo de erogación de vapor/
DJXDFDOLHQWH/\JLUHHOSRPRGHHURJDFLyQ1SDUD
reducir la presión dentro del circuito. Posteriormente, gire
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restante podría causar salpicaduras o pulverización de agua
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una cantidad excesiva
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de salida obstruido.
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reducir la presión dentro del circuito. Posteriormente, gire
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la temperatura de erogación
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en la caldera ha alcanzado el nivel ideal para erogar el
vapor.
Depósito vacío. Llene el depósito de agua con agua del grifo fresca hasta el
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está bien colocado. Introduzca bien el depósito de agua empujándolo a fondo.
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el tubo de erogación de vapor/agua caliente como se
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está bien colocado. Introduzca bien el depósito de agua empujándolo a fondo.
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un ruido extraño
durante la
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no aspira. Controle que el nivel del agua en el el depósito sea
correcto. Si fuera necesario, llene el depósito con agua
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luminosos de
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encienden en rojo.
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A PROPÓSITO DESTE MANUAL
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78
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79
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80
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QLQJGLHRSKHWSODDWMHRQGHUKHWDSSDUDDWLVDDQJHJHYHQRYHUHHQNRPWPHWGLH
YDQKHWSODDWVHOLMNHHOHNWULFLWHLWVQHW
+HWJHEUXLNYDQQLHWGRRUGHIDEULNDQWYDQKHWDSSDUDDWJRHGJHNHXUGHYHUOHQJ-
VQRHUHQNDQVFKDGHHQRQJHOXNNHQYHURRU]DNHQ
7UHNQRRLWDDQGHVWURRPNDEHORIKHWDSSDUDDW]HOIRPGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQ-
WDFWWHKDOHQ
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$OOHEHVFKUHYHQVFKRRQPDDNHQRQGHUKRXGVZHUN]DDPKHGHQPRHWHQZRUGHQYHU-
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'RPSHOKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWLQZDWHURIDQGHUHYORHLVWRIIHQ
6FKDNHOKHWDSSDUDDWXLWZDQQHHUKHW]HOIVJHGXUHQGHNRUWHWLMGQLHWZRUGWJH-
EUXLNWHQKDDOGHVWHNNHUDOWLMGXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW
94
NL
Risico op schade door andere oorzaken
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JDQNHOLMNVWRSFRQWDFW
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7UHNQRRLWDDQGHVWURRPNDEHORIKHWDSSDUDDW]HOIRPGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQ-
WDFWWHKDOHQ
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GHLVRIDOVKHWOHNW*HEUXLNKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWDOVGHVWURRPNDEHORIGHVWHNNHU
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GHYHUYDQJLQJYDQGHVWURRPNDEHOGLHQHQXLWVOXLWHQGWHZRUGHQYHUULFKWGRRU
HHQ$ULHWH6HUYLFHGLHQVWRIGRRU$ULHWHYDNPHQVHQRPLHGHUHYRUPYDQJHYDDU
WHYRRUNRPHQ
Waarschuwing voor verbrandingsgevaar
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9DQZHJHYHUEUDQGLQJVJHYDDUPRJHQGHH[WHUQHPHWDOHQGHOHQYDQKHWDSSDUDDW
HQGH¿OWHUKRXGHUQLHWZRUGHQDDQJHUDDNWZDQQHHUKHWDSSDUDDWLQZHUNLQJLV
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LQGHKLHUYRRUEHVWHPGHSDUDJUDDIZRUGWEHVFKUHYHQ
Let op – schade aan materialen
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=HWKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWRSKHWHRSSHUYODNNHQRILQGHEXXUWYDQRSHQYODPPHQRP
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NRI¿H+HWDSSDUDDW]RXKLHUGRRU]ZDDUEHVFKDGLJGNXQQHQUDNHQ
=HWKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWLQHHQUXLPWHPHWHHQWHPSHUDWXXUGLHODJHULVGDQ&
DDQJH]LHQKHWLQGHNHWHODFKWHUJHEOHYHQZDWHUGDQNDQEHYULH]HQHQVFKDGH
NDQYHURRU]DNHQ
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6WHOKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWEORRWDDQZHHUVLQYORHGHQELMYRRUEHHOGUHJHQ]RQ
95
NL
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KHEEHQODWHQDINRHOHQPDJKHWDSSDUDDWXLWVOXLWHQGZRUGHQVFKRRQJHPDDNWPHW
HHQQLHWVFKXUHQGLHWVEHYRFKWLJGGRHNMHPHWHHQSDDUGUXSSHOVQHXWUDDOQLHW
DJUHVVLHIUHLQLJLQJVPLGGHO
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'HPRQWHHUKHWDSSDUDDWQLHW(U]LMQJHHQLQWHUQHGHOHQGLHPRHWHQZRUGHQJH-
EUXLNWRIZRUGHQVFKRRQJHPDDNW
%(:$$5'(=(,16758&7,(6$/7,-'
%(6&+5,-9,1*9$1+(7$33$5$$7
$
7RHWV PHW FRQWUROHODPSMH YRRU NRSMH
NRI¿H
/ 6WRRPKHHWZDWHUSLMSMH
0 6WURRPVQRHU
B -
7RHWVPHWFRQWUROHODPSMH YRRUNRSMHV
NRI¿H
1 .QRSYRRUGHVWRRPKHHWZDWHUDIJLIWH
O - Waterreservoir
C - Stoomknop met controlelampje 3 'HNVHOYDQKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU
D -
3ODDWVZDDULQGH¿OWHUKRXGHUZRUGWYDVWJHGUDDLG
Q - Reinigingsnaald
( 9HUZLMGHUEDDUURRVWHU 5 7DPSHU
) 'UXSSHORSYDQJEDN 6 .RI¿HSDG¿OWHU
* .RSMHVURRVWHU 7 )LOWHUNRSMH
+ $DQXLWNQRS 8 )LOWHUNRSMHV
I - Vlotter 9 'UXSSHOULQJ
- %HKXL]LQJYDQKHWDSSDUDDW : )LOWHUKRXGHU
. 0HWDOHQSLMSMH ; %RUJVFKURHIYDQGHGUXSSHOULQJ
,GHQWLÀFDWLHJHJHYHQV
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ZHHUJHJHYHQ
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RSJHQRPHQHOHNWULVFKYHUPRJHQ:
JUDWLVWHOHIRRQQXPPHUDVVLVWHQWLH
9HUPHOGELMHYHQWXHOHYHU]RHNHQDDQ(UNHQGH6HUYLFFHFHQWUDKHWPRGHOHQKHWVHULHQXPPHU
96
NL
GEBRUIKSAANWIJZING
Inbedrijfstelling
9HUZLMGHUKHWYHUSDNNLQJVPDWHULDDOHQFRQWUROHHURIDOOHRQGHUGHOHQDDQZH]LJ]LMQ
=HWKHWDSSDUDDWRSHHQYODNHQVWHYLJRSSHUYODN
:DVKHWUHVHUYRLUKHW¿OWHUYRRUNRSMHHQNRSMHVKHWNRI¿HSDG¿OWHUGHOHNEDNKHWDIQHHPEDUHURRVWHUHQ
GH¿OWHUKRXGHUDI
Let op
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VWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFWJHWURNNHQLV
Voorbereidende werkzaamheden
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9HUZLMGHUKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU2XLWKHWDSSDUDDW)LJ
2SHQKHWGHNVHOYDQKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU3)LJ
Let op
6FKDNHOKHWDSSDUDDWDOWLMGXLWHQKDDOGHVWHNNHUYDQGHVWURRPNDEHOXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFWYRRUGDWXKHW
UHVHUYRLUPHWZDWHUYXOW
9XOKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUQLHWZDQQHHUKHWLQKHWDSSDUDDWLQJHVFKDNHOGLV*HYDDUYRRUHOHNWULVFKHVFKRN
Let op
*HEUXLNRPKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUWHYXOOHQJHHQNRRO]XXUKRXGHQGKHHWRIODXZZDWHURIHQLJHDQGHUH
YORHLVWRIGLHKHWDSSDUDDW]RXNXQQHQEHVFKDGLJHQ
9XOKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUPHWYHUVZDWHUWRWKHW0$;QLYHDX)LJ
Zorg dat het MAX-niveau NOOIT wordt overschreden.
6OXLWKHWGHNVHOYDQKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU3)LJ
=HWKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU2RS]LMQSODDWV)LJ
2PGHJRHGHZHUNLQJYDQKHWDSSDUDDWWHJDUDQGHUHQGUXNWXKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUKHOHPDDORS]LMQSODDWV
&RQWUROHHURIKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUJRHGLVDDQJHEUDFKWDQGHUVNDQKHWDSSDUDDWJHHQNRIÀHDIJHYHQ
Eerste inschakeling
Let op
9RRUGDWXKHWDSSDUDDWDDQ]HWFRQWUROHHUWXRIDOOHRQGHUGHOHQFRUUHFWDDQJHEUDFKW]LMQ
Controleer of de netspanning in huis dezelfde is als die op het plaatje met technische gegevens van
het apparaat.
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=HWGH¿OWHUKRXGHU]RQGHU¿OWHURS]LMQSODDWVYDVW
'UXNRSGHDDQXLWNQRS+)LJ
'HODPSMHVYRRUNRSMH
NRSMHVV
en de stoomknop
NQLSSHUHQ:DQQHHUKHWDSSDUDDW
GHMXLVWHWHPSHUDWXXUKHHIWEHUHLNWRPNRI¿HWH]HWWHQJDDQGHODPSMHV
YDVWEUDQGHQ
9RRUGDWXKHWDSSDUDDWYRRUKHWHHUVWJHEUXLNWYHUULFKWXHHQVFKRRQPDDNF\FOXVYDQGHLQWHUQHFLUFXLWV
=HWHHQEDNMHPHWHHQLQKRXGYDQWHQPLQVWHPORQGHUGH¿OWHUKRXGHU)LJ
'UXNRSGHWRHWVYRRUNRSMHVNRI¿H
)LJ6WDUWGHDIJLIWHWRWGDWXZDWHUXLWGH¿OWHUKRXGHU]LHW
NRPHQ
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'UDDLGHNQRSYRRUVWRRPZDUPZDWHUDIJLIWHRSGHVWDQGYRRUZDWHUVWRRP )LJ6WDUWGHDI-
JLIWHWRWGDWXZDWHUXLWKHWVWRRPKHHWZDWHUSLMSMH]LHWNRPHQ'UDDLGHNQRSYRRUVWRRPKHHWZDWHUDIJLIWH
ZHHUWHUXJQDDUGHVWDQG RPGHDIJLIWHYDQZDUPZDWHUWHVWRSSHQ
97
NL
+HUKDDOGHKDQGHOLQJHQWRWDOOHZDWHULQKHWUHVHUYRLURSLV
OPMERKING: herhaal deze handeling telkens wanneer het apparaat wordt ingeschakeld nadat het
meerdere dagen niet is gebruikt.
Als het waterreservoir leeg is, zalhet apparaat trillen en harder geluid maken. De lampjes voor 1 kopje
(), 2 kopjess ( ) en de stoomknop ( ) knipperen. Zie het Hoofdstuk “Het reservoir met water
vullen tijdens het gebruik” om de werking van het apparaat te herstellen.
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+HWÀOWHUYHUZLMGHUHQ
230(5.,1*'H¿OWHUKRXGHUZRUGWJHOHYHUGPHWKHW¿OWHUYRRUNRSMHVDORS]LMQSODDWVDDQJHEUDFKW5DDG-
SOHHJGHDIEHHOGLQJHQRPWHZHWHQWHNRPHQKRHXKHW¿OWHUNXQWYHUZLMGHUHQ8NXQWKHW¿OWHURRNPHWXZ
YLQJHUVRSWLOOHQRPKHWWHYHUZLMGHUHQ
KOFFIE MAKEN
9HUZLMGHUKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU2XLWKHWDSSDUDDW)LJ
2SHQKHWGHNVHOYDQKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU3)LJ
Let op
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UHVHUYRLUPHWZDWHUYXOW
9XOKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUQLHWZDQQHHUKHWLQKHWDSSDUDDWLQJHVFKDNHOGLV*HYDDUYRRUHOHNWULVFKHVFKRN
Let op
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YORHLVWRIGLHKHWDSSDUDDW]RXNXQQHQEHVFKDGLJHQ
9XOKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUPHWYHUVZDWHUWRWKHW0$;QLYHDX)LJ
Zorg dat het MAX-niveau NOOIT wordt overschreden.
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=HWKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU2RS]LMQSODDWV)LJ
2PGHJRHGHZHUNLQJYDQKHWDSSDUDDWWHJDUDQGHUHQGUXNWXKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUKHOHPDDORS]LMQSODDWV
&RQWUROHHURIKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUJRHGLVDDQJHEUDFKWDQGHUVNDQKHWDSSDUDDWJHHQNRIÀHDIJHYHQ
.LHVKHWJHZHQVWH¿OWHU7YRRUNRSMHHQ8YRRUNRSMHVHQGRHKHWLQGH¿OWHUKRXGHU)LJ'R-
VHHUGHNRI¿HLQKHW¿OWHUHQGUXNGHJHPDOHQNRI¿HJRHGDDQPHWGHVSHFLDDOKLHUYRRUEHVWHPGHWDPSHU
5)LJ
Let op!
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JHGUDDLGHQRIGH¿OWHUKRXGHUOHNWWLMGHQVKHWNRI¿H]HWWHQ
3ODDWVGH¿OWHUKRXGHU:RSGHGDDUYRRUEHVWHPGHSODDWVHQOHWHUGDDUELMRSGDWGHKDQGJUHHSXLWJHOLMQG
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98
NL
Kies het juiste kopje
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(VSUHVVRNRI¿H (QNHO
'XEEHO
RQJHYHHUPO
RQJHYHHUPO
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PDNHQ
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8NXQWGHKRHYHHOKHLGZDWHULQVWHOOHQGLHYRRURINRSMHVNRI¿HZRUGWDIJHJHYHQGXXUYDQGHKHHWZDWHUDI-
JLIWHYLDGH¿OWHUKRXGHU
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HQRSGHNZDOLWHLWYDQKHWFUHPDODDJMH3UREHHUGH]HSDUDPHWHUWHYHUDQGHUHQRPGHSHUIHFWHVPDDNYRRU
XZNRI¿HWHYLQGHQ
230(5.,1*GHKRHYHHOKHLGZDWHUGLHYRRURINRSMHVZRUGWDIJHJHYHQPRHWWLMGHQVGHNRIÀHDI-
gifte worden afgesteld.
2PGHKRHYHHOKHLGZDWHULQWHVWHOOHQGLHYRRUNRSMHNRI¿HPRHWZRUGHQDIJHJHYHQKRXGWXGHNQRS zo
la
QJDOVQRGLJLQJHGUXNW'HYHUVWUHNHQWLMGVWHOWGHQLHXZHKRHYHHOKHLGZDWHUYRRUNRSMHNRI¿HLQ2PGH
KRHYHHOKHLGZDWHULQWHVWHOOHQGLHYRRUNRSMHVPRHWZRUGHQDIJHJHYHQKRXGWXGHNQRS
zo lang als
QRGLJLQJHGUXNW'HYHUVWUHNHQWLMGVWHOWGHQLHXZHKRHYHHOKHLGZDWHUYRRUNRSMHVNRI¿HLQ
.RIÀHDIJLIWH
=HWHHQRIWZHHNRSMHVRSKHWDIQHHPEDUHURRVWHU()LJ
'UXNRSGHDDQXLWNQRS+)LJ
'HODPSMHVYRRUNRSMH
NRSMHVV
en de stoomknop
NQLSSHUHQ:DQQHHUKHWDSSDUDDWGH
MXLVWHWHPSHUDWXXUKHHIWEHUHLNWRPNRI¿HWH]HWWHQJDDQGHODPSMHV
YDVWEUDQGHQ
+HWLVUDDG]DDPGH¿OWHUKRXGHUWHODWHQRSZDUPHQGRRUKHPHHQDDQWDOPLQXWHQRS]LMQSODDWVWHODWHQ]LWWHQ
YRRUGDWXNRI¿H]HW]RGDWRRNKHWHHUVWHNRSMHNRI¿HJRHGZDUPLV'LWLVQLHWQRGLJELMGHYROJHQGHNRSMHV
NRI¿H
'UXNRSGHNQRSRPNRSMHNRI¿HWH]HWWHQ
RIGUXNRSGHNQRSRPNRSMHVNRI¿HWH]HWWHQ
2PGHDIJLIWHWHVWRSSHQYRRUGDWKHWDSSDUDDWNODDULVGUXNWXQRJPDDOVRSGHNQRSRPNRI¿HWH]HWWHQ
Let op!
1HWDOVELMSURIHVVLRQHOHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDWHQPDJGH¿OWHUKRXGHUQLHWZRUGHQYHUZLMGHUGDOVGHNQRSRP
NRI¿HWH]HWWHQLVLQJHGUXNW
Let op!
:DFKWQDKHWNRI¿H]HWWHQRQJHYHHUVHFRQGHQDOYRUHQVGH¿OWHUKRXGHUHUXLWWHKDOHQRPGH¿O-
WHUKRXGHUWHYHUZLMGHUHQGUDDLWXKHPODQJ]DDPYDQUHFKWVQDDUOLQNVRPZDWHURINRI¿HVSHWWHUVWH
YRRUNRPHQ
$OVHULQUXVWVWDQGZRONMHVVWRRPXLWGHSOHNZDDUGH¿OWHUKRXGHUZRUGWYDVWJHKRXGHQNRPHQGDQLVGDW
YRONRPHQQRUPDDO
1DGHDIJLIWHJDDQGHODPSMHVYDQGHNQRSSHQ
,
,
YDVWEUDQGHQ
'UXNRSGHDDQXLWNQRS+RPKHWDSSDUDDWXLWWH]HWWHQ)LJ
.2)),(0$.(10(7((1.2)),(3$'
=HWKHW¿OWHUYRRUSDGV:LQGH¿OWHUKRXGHU6
3ODDWVGHSDGLQKHW¿OWHU)LJ
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2PPRJHOLMNOHNNHQYDQZDWHUWHYRRUNRPHQYRXZWXGHEXLWHQNDQWHQYDQKHWSDSLHUYDQGHSDGRP
YRRUGDWXKHPLQKHW¿OWHUGRHWRPGDW]HHUDQGHUVXLWNXQQHQVWHNHQ)LJ
+HW¿OWHUKRXGHUNDQQXLQ]LMQKRXGHUZRUGHQJH]HW
99
NL
3ODDWVGH¿OWHUKRXGHU:RSGHGDDUYRRUEHVWHPGHSODDWVHQOHWHUGDDUELMRSGDWGHKDQGJUHHSXLWJHOLMQG
LVPHWKHWV\PERRO
RSGHEHKXL]LQJYDQKHWDSSDUDDW)LJ
'UDDLGH¿OWHUKRXGHUWRWGHKDQGJUHHSXLWJHOLMQGLVPHWKHWV\PERRO
1DGDWGHNRI¿HLVJH]HWNDQGHNRI¿HSDGELMKHWYHUZLMGHUHQYDQGH¿OWHUKRXGHUYDVWNRPHQWH]LWWHQLQGH
JOHXIZDDULQGH¿OWHUKRXGHULVYDVWJHGUDDLG2PKHPWHYHUZLMGHUHQPRHWGH¿OWHUKRXGHUVFKXLQZRUGHQ
JHKRXGHQ]RDOVLQGHDIEHHOGLQJJHWRRQG]RGDWGHSDGGDDURSYDOW)LJ
9RRUDOWLMGOHNNHUHNRI¿HNRRSWXSDGVPHWKHWFRPSDWLELOLWHLWVPHUN(6(
$OVGHSDGHUQLHWJRHGLQ]LWRIGHÀOWHUKRXGHUQLHWJRHGLVYDVWJHGUDDLGNDQHUZDWZDWHUXLWGH
ÀOWHUKRXGHUGUXSSHOHQ
0(/.236&+8,0(19225'(.2)),(
=HWHHQNRSMHRSKHWDIQHHPEDUHURRVWHU()LJ
$OVXZLOWNXQWXHHQJURWHPRNJHEUXLNHQ
9HUZLMGHUKHWDIQHHPEDUHURRVWHU(HQGHOHNEDN))LJ
=HWKHWNRSMHRSKHWNRSMHVURRVWHU*)LJ
0DDNGHNRI¿H)LJ
Let op!
9HUEUDQGLQJVJHYDDU+RXGKHWVWRRPKHHWZDWHUSLMSMHDOOHHQYDVWELMKHWUXEEHUHQJHGHHOWH.RPQLHW
DDQKHWPHWDOHQSLMSMH
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WHUSLMSMHNXQQHQNRPHQ
5LFKWKHWVWRRPKHHWZDWHUSLMSMH/RSGHOHNEDN))LJ
'UXNRSGHVWRRPNQRS +HWFRQWUROHODPSMHYDQGHVWRRPNQRSEHJLQWWHNQLSSHUHQ:DFKWWRWKHWFRQ-
WUROHODPSMHYDQGHVWRRPWRHWVYDVWEUDQGWWHQWHNHQGDWGHWHPSHUDWXXULQGHNHWHOKHWRSWLPDOHQLYHDX
KHHIWEHUHLNWRPVWRRPDIWHJHYHQ
+RXGKHWNDQQHWMHPHWGHPHONGLHPRHWZRUGHQRSJHVFKXLPGRQGHUKHWVWRRPKHHWZDWHUSLMSMH/
6WHHNKHWVWRRPKHHWZDWHUSLMSMH/GLHSLQKHWPHONNDQQHWMH)LJ
'UDDLGHNQRSYRRUVWRRPZDUPZDWHUDIJLIWHRSGHVWDQGYRRUZDWHUVWRRP )LJ+HWDSSDUDDW
EHJLQWQXVWRRPDIWHJHYHQ
%HZHHJHQGUDDLKHWNDQQHWMHPHWGHPHONWHUZLMOHUVWRRPXLWKHWVWRRPKHHWZDWHUSLMSMHNRPW
'HPHONLVRSJHVFKXLPGZDQQHHUHUVFKXLPLQKHWNDQQHWMHYHUVFKLMQW)LJ
'UDDLGHNQRSYRRUVWRRPKHHWZDWHUDIJLIWHZHHUWHUXJQDDUGHVWDQG RPGHKHHWZDWHUDIJLIWHWHVWRSSHQ
Geef na ieder gebruik enkele seconden stoom af om eventuele melkresten uit het stoom-/heetwater-
pijpje te verwijderen.
Gebruik een vochtig, niet-schurend doekje om het gaatje in de stoom-/heetwaterpijpje en het metalen
pijpje schoon te maken.
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Let op!
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Let op
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101
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102
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Let op!
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Let op!
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Het wa terreservoir schoonmaken
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De behuizing van het apparaat schoonmaken
Let op!
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Het afneembare rooster en de lekbak schoonmaken
Let op!
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103
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Let op!
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De fabrikant wijst elke vorm van verantwoordelijkheid af voor schade aan de onderdelen in het appa-
raat veroorzaakt door het gebruik van verkeerde producten met chemische additieven.
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104
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ƴƸƧƵƫƬƣƮƧƵƱƲƣƳƱƯƧƥƸƧƫƳƫƦƫƱ
ȂȠȜȠȞȩIJȚȠȚıȣıțİȣȑȢțĮIJĮıțİȣȐıIJȘțĮȞıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮijȑȢIJȦȞțİȓȝİȞȦȞİȣȡȦʌĮȧțȫȞįȚĮIJȐ-
ȟİȦȞțĮȚțĮIJȐıȣȞȑʌİȚĮİȓȞĮȚʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣȝȑȞİȢıİȩȜĮIJĮįȣȞȘIJȚțȐİʌȚțȓȞįȣȞĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮįȚĮȕȐıIJİʌȡȠıİ-
țIJȚțȐIJȚȢʌȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢțĮȚȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȠȞȐȤĮȖȚĮIJȠıțȠʌȩʌȠȣʌȡȠȠ-
ȡȓȗİIJĮȚȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮțĮȚȗȘȝȚȑȢĭȣȜȐȟIJİʌȡȩȤİȚȡȠIJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠĮȣIJȩȖȚĮȞĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮ
IJȠıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȪİıIJİıIJȠȝȑȜȜȠȞǹȞʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮįȫıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİțȐʌȠȚȠȐȜȜȠȐIJȠȝȠșȣȝȘșİȓIJİȞĮIJȠȣ
ʌĮȡĮįȫıİIJİȝĮȗȓțĮȚIJȠʌĮȡȩȞİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ
ȅȚʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢijȑȡȠȣȞIJĮʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıȪȝȕȠȜĮʌȠȣıȘȝĮȓȞȠȣȞ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȖȚĮIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȗȘȝȚȐȢĮʌȩįȚȐijȠȡİȢȐȜȜİȢĮȚIJȓİȢ
ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȓȘıȘȖȚĮİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ȆȡȠıȠȤȒ±ȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ƲƳƱƤƭƧƲƱƮƧƯƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒțĮijȑʌȠȣıIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚȦȢıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİ
țĮijȑțĮȚțĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠǼʌȚʌȜȑȠȞȤȐȡȚȢıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİIJıȐȚ
țĮȚȐȜȜĮĮijİȥȒȝĮIJĮǾıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȖȚĮȠȚțȚĮțȒȤȡȒıȘțĮȚįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚ-
ȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚȖȚĮİȝʌȠȡȚțȠȪȢȒȕȚȠȝȘȤĮȞȚțȠȪȢıțȠʌȠȪȢȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠȞ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠʌȠȣıȣȞİʌȫȢĮʌĮȜȜȐııİIJĮȚĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȗȘȝȚȑȢțȐșİijȪıȘȢʌȠȣ
ȠijİȓȜȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢǾĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘȑȤİȚıĮȞıȣȞȑʌİȚĮIJȘȞĮțȪȡȦıȘ
ȠʌȠȚĮıįȒʌȠIJİȝȠȡijȒȢİȖȖȪȘıȘȢ
ƶƲƱƭƧƫƮƮƣƵƫƬƱƫƬƫƯƦƶƯƱƫ
ȉĮțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȐȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȐIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞȑȞIJȣʌȠįİȞįȓȞȠȣȞIJȘįȣȞĮ-
IJȩIJȘIJĮʌȡȠıIJĮıȓĮȢĮʌȩIJȘȞĮʌİȣșİȓĮȢİțIJȩȟİȣıȘĮIJȝȠȪȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
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ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ±ȀĮIJȐIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪțĮȚĮIJȝȠȪȝȘȞțĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJİIJȘȞțȐȞȠȣȜĮ
ʌȐȞȦıİȐȜȜĮȐIJȠȝĮȒʌȐȞȦıĮȢȃĮʌȚȐȞİIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝȩȞȠĮʌȩ
IJȠțĮȠȣIJıȠȣțȑȞȚȠIJȝȒȝĮȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȠȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ
ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȝȠȞȐȤĮįȠȤİȓĮʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıȝȑȞĮĮʌȩȣȜȚțȐțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜĮȖȚĮ³IJȡȩijȚȝĮ´
ƴƩƮƣƯƵƫƬƧƴƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƫƴ
ǼȀǺǻǺȉȊǽȇȈȆȉǽȁȊȀȁǺȊȀȉȇǺȈǺȁǺȊȎȆǼǿĬȀǽȉ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚıȤİįȚĮıȝȑȞȘȖȚĮȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚıİȤȫȡȠȣȢțĮIJȠȚțȓĮȢȒ
ʌĮȡȩȝȠȚȠȣȢȩʌȦȢȖȚĮʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮ
ıIJȚȢțȠȣȗȓȞİȢIJȦȞțĮIJĮıIJȘȝȐIJȦȞʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȖȚĮIJȠʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȩıIJĮ
ȖȡĮijİȓĮțĮȚıİȐȜȜȠȣȢİʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢȤȫȡȠȣȢ
ıIJĮĮȖȡȠțIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȟİȞȠįȠȤİȓĮPRWHOEHGEUHDNIDVWțĮȚȐȜȜİȢįȠȝȑȢțĮIJȠȚțȓĮȢȖȚĮȤȡȒıȘĮʌȩ
IJȠȣȢʌİȜȐIJİȢIJȠȣȢ
ǻİȞĮȞĮȜĮȝȕȐȞȠȣȝİțĮȝȓĮİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȜĮȞșĮıȝȑȞȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȒȖȚĮ
țȐʌȠȚĮȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘʌȠȣįİȞĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞ
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ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮijȣȜȐııİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢIJȠȣİȡȖȠıIJĮıȓȠȣįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣ
ȩIJȚįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚįȦȡİȐȞIJİȤȞȚțȒȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȖȚĮIJȚȢȗȘȝȚȑȢʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘ-
țĮȞĮʌȩĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒĮʌȩȑȞĮ
İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
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ǾȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐȘȜȚțȓĮȢȐȞȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞțĮȚıİȐIJȠ-
ȝĮȝİİȚįȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȒȐIJȠȝĮȝİİȜȜȚʌİȓȢȖȞȫıİȚȢțĮȚĮȞİʌĮȡțȒʌİȓȡĮȝȩȞȠĮȞ
İʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȣʌİȪșȣȞȠȒĮȞȑȤȠȣȞİțʌĮȚįİȣIJİȓțĮȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚ
IJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
IJĮʌĮȚįȚȐįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮȡȝȠįȚȩIJȘIJĮ
IJȠȣȤȡȒıIJȘįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞ
İʌȓȕȜİȥȘİȞȩȢİȞȒȜȚțĮ
ȀȡĮIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐȝȚțȡȩIJİ-
ȡĮIJȦȞİIJȫȞ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİȞĮțȡȑȝİIJĮȚIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢıİȑȞĮȤȫȡȠʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮ
IJȠʌȚȐıİȚȑȞĮȝȚțȡȩʌĮȚįȓ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȖțĮIJĮȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘįȚȐșİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚ-
įȚȫȞįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJİȪıİIJİțȩȕȠȞIJĮȢ
IJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣȞĮIJĮȝȑȡȘ
IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȖȚĮȝȚțȡȐ
ʌĮȚįȚȐʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘȕİȜȩȞĮȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩıİıȘȝİȓĮʌȡȠıʌİȜȐıȚȝĮıİȝȚțȡȐ
ʌĮȚįȚȐțĮȚȞĮIJȘijȣȜȐIJİıİȑȞĮĮıijĮȜȑȢȝȑȡȠȢȖȚĮIJȓȣʌȐȡȤİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠȢțĮIJȐʌȠ-
ıȘȢȒIJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȆȡȚȞȕȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘʌȠȣĮȞĮ-
ijȑȡİIJĮȚ ıIJȘȞ ʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ IJİȤȞȚțȫȞ ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȫȞ IJȘȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢ ĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓ
ıIJȘȞIJȐıȘIJȠȣįȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢ
Ǿ ȤȡȒıȘ ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȫȞȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗȦȞ ȝȘ İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȦȞ Įʌȩ IJȠİȡȖȠıIJȐıȚȠ
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚȗȘȝȚȑȢȒĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮ
ȂȘȞIJȡĮȕȐIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȒIJȘȞȓįȚĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠıȣȞįȑ-
ıİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮ
ȃĮıȕȒȞİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȞĮĮʌȠıȣȞįȑİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣIJȡȠijȠ-
įȠıȓĮȢĮʌȩIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȠIJȠȪȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩ
ȂȘȞȕȡȑȤİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓ
ȞĮȖȓȞİȚȕȡĮȤȣțȪțȜȦȝĮ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȞĮȑȜșİȚıİİʌĮijȒȝİțȠijIJİȡȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ȆȡȠıȑȟIJİIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠȞĮȝȘȞȑȡȤİIJĮȚıİİʌĮijȒȝİȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
109
EL
ǵȜİȢȠȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȝİIJȘıȣ-
ıțİȣȒıȕȘıIJȒțĮȚĮʌȠıȣȞįİįİȝȑȞȘĮʌȩIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘĮįȡȐȞİȚĮȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮțȩȝĮțĮȚȖȚĮıȪȞIJȠȝȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐ-
ıIJȘȝĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮıȕȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȞĮĮʌȠıȣȞįȑİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣ
țĮȜȦįȓȠȣIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢĮʌȩIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLJLjǍNJƽǓǂǑǝDžNJƽǗǐǒdžǓƽnjnjdžǓǂNJǕǀdžǓ
ȆȚȐıIJİIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȖȚĮȞĮIJȘȞĮȞĮıȘțȫıİIJİ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮȞțĮșĮȡȩȤȫȡȠȝİİʌĮȡțȒijȦIJȚıȝȩțĮȚȝİIJȘȞ
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮİȪțȠȜĮʌȡȠıʌİȜȐıȚȝȘ
ȂȘȞȕȐȗİIJİıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȩIJĮȞĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİıIJİĮʌȩIJȠȤȫȡȠʌȠȣ
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ
ȂȘȞIJȡĮȕȐIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȒIJȘȞȓįȚĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠıȣȞįȑ-
ıİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮ
ȆȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțĮȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ǻİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȑʌİıİțȐIJȦĮȞȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞİȝijĮ-
ȞİȓȢȗȘȝȚȑȢȒȞĮʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚįȚĮȡȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞ
IJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȒIJȠijȚȢʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȣȞȗȘȝȚȑȢȒĮȞȘȓįȚĮȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȚțȒĮȞȦȝĮȜȓĮǵȜİȢȠȚİʌȚıțİȣȑȢțĮȚȘĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣ
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐĮʌȩİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑ-
ȞĮțȑȞIJȡĮIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒĮʌȩIJİȤȞȚțȠȪȢIJȘȢ$ULHWHȫıIJİȞĮ
ĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ƲǒǐdžNJDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjDŽNJǂdžDŽNjǂǞǍǂǕǂ
ȂȘȞțĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩȒIJȠȞĮIJȝȩʌȐȞȦıĮȢȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ
ǵIJĮȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȘıȣıțİȣȒįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJĮİȟȦIJİȡȚțȐȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘ
IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢțĮȚIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȐșİIJİİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ȃĮʌȚȐȞİIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝȩȞȠĮʌȩIJȠțĮȠȣIJıȠȣțȑ-
ȞȚȠIJȝȒȝĮ
ǹȞįİȞİțȡȑİȚȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȑȤİȚijȡȐȟİȚIJȠijȓȜ-
IJȡȠǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓ-
İıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞıȪȝijȦȞĮ
ȝİIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢIJȘȢıȤİIJȚțȒȢʌĮȡĮȖȡȐijȠȣ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİȑȞĮıIJİȖȞȩțĮȚıIJĮșİȡȩİʌȓʌİįȠ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩȖȚĮIJȓșĮțĮİȓȘĮȞIJȜȓĮ
īȚĮIJȘȞʌȜȒȡȦıȘIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮİȡȚȠȪȤȠȒȗİıIJȩȒ
ȤȜȚĮȡȩȞİȡȩȒȠʌȠȚȠįȒʌȠIJİȐȜȜȠȣȖȡȩʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞİȚȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİʌȠȜȪȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȒțȠȞIJȐıİȖȣȝȞȑȢ
ijȜȩȖİȢȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİȗȘȝȚȑȢıIJȠıțİȜİIJȩIJȘȢ
110
EL
ȉȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȖȖȓȗİȚIJĮȗİıIJȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȂȘȞȕȐȗİIJİʌȠIJȑȝȑıĮıIJĮijȓȜIJȡĮțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚțĮȚȖȚĮijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚĮȠȣıȓİȢ
įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢĮʌȩIJȠȞțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮȖȓȞİȚıȠȕĮȡȒȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȤȫȡȠȣȢȝİșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠ&ȖȚĮIJȓIJȠ
ȞİȡȩʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚȝȑıĮıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȖȫıİȚțĮȚȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȣʌĮȓșȡȚȠȤȫȡȠ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıİĮIJȝȠıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢȖȚĮʌĮ-
ȡȐįİȚȖȝĮȕȡȠȤȒȒȜȚȠțȜʌ
ǹijȠȪȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮțĮȚĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıȠȣȞIJĮȗİıIJȐȝȑȡȘȘıȣ-
ıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȚıșİȓĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓȝȩȜȚȢȕȡİȖȝȑȞȠ
ʌȡȠıșȑIJȠȞIJĮȢȜȓȖİȢıIJĮȖȩȞİȢȠȣįȑIJİȡȠȣȝȘįȚĮȕȡȦIJȚțȠȪĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑįȚĮȜȪIJİȢʌȠȣțȐȞȠȣȞȗȘȝȚȐıIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐ
ȂȘȞĮʌȠıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǻİȞȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞİıȦIJİȡȚțȐİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮʌȠȣ
ȤȡİȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩ
ƷƶƭƣưƵƧƣƶƵƧƴƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴ
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
$ ȆȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȝİİȞ-
įİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
/ ȈȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
0 ȀĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
% ȆȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮȝİİȞ-
įİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
1 ȀȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
2 ǻȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ
& ȆȜȒțIJȡȠĮIJȝȠȪȝİİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ 3 ȀĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
' DzįȡĮıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣ 4 ǺİȜȩȞĮȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩ
( ǹijĮȚȡȠȪȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮ 5 ȆȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚ
) ȁİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ 6 ĭȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮ
* ȈȤȐȡĮȖȚĮIJĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ 7 ĭȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
+ ȆȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ 8 ĭȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
, ĭȜȠIJȑȡ 9 ǻȚȐIJȡȘIJȠȢįȓıțȠȢ
- ȈȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ : ȊʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
. ȂİIJĮȜȜȚțȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ ; ǹıijĮȜȚıIJȚțȒȕȓįĮįȚȐIJȡȘIJȠȣįȓıțȠȣ
ƴǕǐNJǘdžǀǂǂǎǂDŽǎǟǒNJǔLjǓ
ȈIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮʌȠȣȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘȑįȡĮıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚIJĮʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıIJȠȚ-
ȤİȓĮĮȞĮȖȞȫȡȚıȘȢ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢțĮȚıȒȝĮȞıȘ&(ǼȅȀ
ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠȂȠG
ĮȡıİȚȡȐȢ61
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘȢ9țĮȚıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ+]
țĮIJĮȞĮȜȚıțȩȝİȞȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȚıȤȪȢ:
ʌȡȐıȚȞȠIJȘȜȑijȦȞȠįȦȡİȐȞțȜȒıȘIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢ
ǵIJĮȞĮʌİȣșȪȞİıIJİıIJĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȞĮĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠȝȠȞIJȑȜȠțĮȚIJȠȞ
ĮȡȚșȝȩıİȚȡȐȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
111
EL
ƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƥƫƣƵƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ƪƾǔLjǔdžnjdžNJǕǐǖǒDŽǀǂ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢțĮȚȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞȩȜĮIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİȝȚĮİʌȓʌİįȘțĮȚıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ȆȜȪȞİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚțĮȚȖȚĮijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚĮIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠ-
ȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞIJȘȞĮijĮȚȡȠȪȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮțĮȚIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪʌȡȠȤȦȡȒıİIJİıIJȘıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȩȖȘıȘȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȒțĮȚĮʌȠıȣȞįİ-
įİȝȑȞȘĮʌȩIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮ
ƲǒǐNjǂǕǂǒNjǕNJNjƾǓdžǒDŽǂǔǀdžǓ
ȈȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖȒıIJİIJȘȞĮijĮȚȡȠȪȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮ(ʌȐȞȦıIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ)ǼȚț
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ)ıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢǼȚț
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ2ĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȚț
ǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪ3ǼȚț
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȃĮıȕȒȞİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȞĮĮʌȠıȣȞįȑİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢĮʌȩIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚ-
țȒʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȠIJȠȪȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩ
ȂȘȞȖİȝȓȗİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
īȚĮIJȘȞʌȜȒȡȦıȘIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮİȡȚȠȪȤȠȒȗİıIJȩȒȤȜȚĮȡȩȞİȡȩȒȠʌȠȚȠįȒ-
ʌȠIJİȐȜȜȠȣȖȡȩʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞİȚȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİȞȦʌȩijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ0$;ǼȚț
ȃșȟȗıȞȔȘıijıȇȆȊǽijȡİȡȥıȔȡʍȑȟȧįʍȪijșȞȒȗțIJijșIJijȑȚȞș0$;
ȀȜİȓıIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪ3ǼȚț
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ2ȝȑıĮıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣǼȚț
īȚĮȞĮİȟĮıijĮȜȓıİIJİIJȘıȦıIJȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȑȡȝĮIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣıȔȟįțIJȧIJijȑijȡʍȡȚıijșȞȒȟȡijȡİȡȥıȔȡİțįĴȡȢıijțȜȑșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȞʍȡȢıȔȟįȞșȟȜȑȟıț
ʍįȢȡȥȓȜįĴȒ
ƲǒǟǕǐƽǎǂǍǍǂ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪĮȞȐȥİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȑȤİIJİIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİȚıȦıIJȐȩȜĮIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣșijȑIJșijȡȤ șȝıȜijȢțȜȡȫ İțȜijȫȡȤ įȟijțIJijȡțȥıȔȞıijșȟijȑIJșʍȡȤįȟįȗȢȑĴıijįțIJijșȟ
ʍțȟįȜȔİįijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮǼȚț
ȈIJİȡİȫıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢȤȦȡȓȢȞĮȕȐȜİIJİțĮȞȑȞĮijȓȜIJȡȠ
ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ+ǼȚț
ȉĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȢijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚ
ijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚĮ
țĮȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣ
ĮIJȝȠȪ
ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞǵIJĮȞȘıȣıțİȣȒȑȤİȚIJȘıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİȚIJȠȞțĮijȑIJĮ
İȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞ
ĮȞȐȕȠȣȞȝȩȞȚȝĮ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮʌȡȫIJȘijȠȡȐİțIJİȜȑıIJİȑȞĮȞțȪțȜȠțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪIJȦȞİıȦIJİȡȚțȫȞ
țȣțȜȦȝȐIJȦȞ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠʌİȡȚİțIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮȢIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞPOțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ǼȚțȄİțȚȞȒıIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȝȑȤȡȚ
ȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
112
EL
ȈIJȠIJȑȜȠȢIJȘȢįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ
ȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪǼȚț
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘȞİȡȩĮIJȝȩȢ ǼȚțȄİțȚȞȒıIJİIJȘ
įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ǼʌĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘ ȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİ-
ıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȚȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİȟĮȞIJȜȘșİȓȩȜȠIJȠȞİȡȩıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȉǿȃǽȀȎȉǿǽʍįȟįȝȑȖıijıįȤijȓȟijșȟıȢȗįIJȔįȜȑȚıĴȡȢȑʍȡȤįȟȑȖıijıijșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȞıijȑįʍȪįȢȜıijȒȣ
ȞȒȢıȣįİȢȑȟıțįȣ
ǺȟijȡİȡȥıȔȡȞıȔȟıțȥȧȢȔȣȟıȢȪȚįįțIJȚįȟȚıȔijıȒȟįȟȜȢįİįIJȞȪȜįțȚįįȜȡȤIJijıȔȒȟįȣİȤȟįijȪȣȚȪȢȤȖȡȣ
ȊįıȟİıțȜijțȜȑȝįȞʍȑȜțįijȧȟʍȝȓȜijȢȧȟʍįȢȡȥȓȣĴȝȤijȘȑȟț ĴȝȤijȘȑȟțį ȜįțijȡȤʍȝȓ-
ȜijȢȡȤįijȞȡȫ įȟįȖȡIJȖȓȟȡȤȟĬțįȟįįʍȡȜįijįIJijȓIJıijıijșȝıțijȡȤȢȗȔįijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣİțįȖȑIJijıijșȟ
ʍįȢȑȗȢįĴȡ´ĬȒȞțIJȞįijȡȤİȡȥıȔȡȤȟıȢȡȫȜįijȑijșİțȑȢȜıțįijșȣȥȢȓIJșȣµ
ȉȫȡĮȘıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȘȞĮijIJȚȐȟİȚIJȠȞʌȡȫIJȠțĮijȑ
ƣǗǂǀǒdžǔLjǕǐǖǗǀnjǕǒǐǖ
ȈǾȂǼǿȍȈǾǾȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚȝİȒįȘIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚĮīȚĮȞĮįİȓIJİ
ʌȦȢĮijĮȚȡİȓIJĮȚIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȣșİȓIJİIJȚȢİȚțȩȞİȢȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮȞĮıȘțȫȞȠȞIJȐȢ
IJȠȝİIJĮįȐțIJȣȜĮ
ƲƺƴƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƬƣƷƧ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ2ĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȚț
ǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪ3ǼȚț
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȃĮıȕȒȞİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȞĮĮʌȠıȣȞįȑİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢĮʌȩIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚ-
țȒʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȠIJȠȪȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩ
ȂȘȞȖİȝȓȗİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
īȚĮIJȘȞʌȜȒȡȦıȘIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮİȡȚȠȪȤȠȒȗİıIJȩȒȤȜȚĮȡȩȞİȡȩȒȠʌȠȚȠįȒ-
ʌȠIJİȐȜȜȠȣȖȡȩʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞİȚȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİȞȦʌȩijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ0$;ǼȚț
ȃșȟȗıȞȔȘıijıȇȆȊǽijȡİȡȥıȔȡʍȑȟȧįʍȪijșȞȒȗțIJijșIJijȑȚȞș0$;
ȀȜİȓıIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪ3ǼȚț
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ2ȝȑıĮıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣǼȚț
īȚĮȞĮİȟĮıijĮȜȓıİIJİIJȘıȦıIJȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȑȡȝĮIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣıȔȟįțIJȧIJijȑijȡʍȡȚıijșȞȒȟȡijȡİȡȥıȔȡİțįĴȡȢıijțȜȑșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȞʍȡȢıȔȟįȞșȟȜȑȟıț
ʍįȢȡȥȓȜįĴȒ
ǼʌȚȜȑȟIJİIJȠİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȩijȓȜIJȡȠ7ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮȚ8ȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮȚIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚțǻȠıȠȝİIJȡȒıIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑȝȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠțĮȚʌȚȑıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠȞĮȜİıȝȑȞȠțĮijȑȝİIJȠ
İȚįȚțȩʌȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚ5ǼȚț
113
EL
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǹȞȑȤİIJİȕȐȜİȚȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑȝȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțĮIJĮıIJİȓįȣıȤİȡȒȢȘʌİȡȚ-
ıIJȡȠijȒIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣȒțĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣțĮijȑȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȡȠȣıȚĮıIJȠȪȞįȚĮȡȡȠȑȢ
ĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ȈIJİȡİȫıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ:ȝȑıĮıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢijȡȠȞIJȓȗȠȞIJĮȢȞĮțȡĮIJȒıİIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒİȣșȣ-
ȖȡĮȝȝȚıȝȑȞȘȝİIJȠıȪȝȕȠȜȠ
ʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚʌȐȞȦıIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢǼȚț
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİȣșȣȖȡĮȝȝȓıİIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒȝİIJȠıȪȝȕȠȜȠ
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣȒȥıijıIJijıȢıȬIJıțȜįȝȑijșȟȤʍȡİȡȥȓĴȔȝijȢȡȤIJijșĴȝȑȟijȘįǽțȜ
ƧǑNJnjƾǏǕdžǕǐǔǚǔǕǝǗnjNJǕLJƽǎNJ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪijIJȚȐȟİIJİIJȠȡȩijȘȝĮʌȠȣșȑȜİIJİİʌȚȜȑȟIJİIJȠțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢȣʌȠįİȓȟİȚȢIJȠȣʌĮ-
ȡĮțȐIJȦʌȓȞĮțĮ
ȀĮijȑȢİıʌȡȑıȠ ȂȠȞȩ
ǻȚʌȜȩ
POʌİȡȓʌȠȣ
POʌİȡȓʌȠȣ
ȉȠijȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚĮȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİįȪȠȝȚțȡȐijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮijȑȒȖȚĮȑȞĮȞțĮijȑ
įȣȞĮIJȩȝİʌȠȜȪȞİȡȩ
ƳǞljǍNJǔLjǕLjǓǑǂǒdžǘǝǍdžǎLjǓǑǐǔǝǕLjǕǂǓǎdžǒǐǞDŽNJǂǗnjNJǕLJƽǎNJƿǗnjNJǕLJƽǎNJǂ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȒijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮijȑȤȡȩȞȠȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
IJȠȣȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪįȚĮȝȑıȠȣIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ǾʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪİʌȘȡİȐȗİȚIJȘȖİȪıȘ±ȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠȒʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠįȣȞĮIJȩȢ±țĮȚʌȩıȠțĮȧȝȐțȚșĮ
ȑȤİȚǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİȞĮȝİIJĮȕȐȜȜİIJİĮȣIJȒȞIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠȖȚĮȞĮİȞIJȠʌȓıİIJİIJȘȞIJȑȜİȚĮȖİȪıȘȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮijȑıĮȢ
ȉǿȃǽȀȎȉǿșȢȫȚȞțIJșijșȣʍįȢıȥȪȞıȟșȣʍȡIJȪijșijįȣȟıȢȡȫȗțįĴȝțijȘȑȟțȓȗțįĴȝțijȘȑȟțįʍȢȒʍıțȟį
ıȜijıȝıIJijıȔȜįijȑijșİțȑȢȜıțįʍįȢȡȥȓȣijȡȤȜįĴȒ
īȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪʌȡȠȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮijȑʌȚȑıIJİțĮȚțȡĮIJȒıIJİʌȚİıȝȑȞȠIJȠ
ʌȜȒțIJȡȠ
ȖȚĮIJȠȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȠȤȡȩȞȠȅȤȡȩȞȠȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȒȜșİȡȣșȝȓȗİȚIJȘȞȑĮʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪȖȚĮ
ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮijȑīȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪʌȡȠȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮʌȚȑıIJİțĮȚțȡĮIJȒıIJİ
ʌȚİıȝȑȞȠIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠ
ȖȚĮIJȠȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȠȤȡȩȞȠȅȤȡȩȞȠȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȒȜșİȡȣșȝȓȗİȚIJȘȞȑĮʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ
ȞİȡȠȪȖȚĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮijȑ
ƲǂǒǐǘƿǕǐǖNjǂǗƾ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮȒįȣȠijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚĮıIJȘȞĮijĮȚȡȠȪȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮ(ǼȚț
ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ+ǼȚț
ȉĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȢijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚ
ijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚĮ
țĮȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ
ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞǵIJĮȞȘıȣıțİȣȒȑȤİȚIJȘıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİȚIJȠȞțĮijȑIJĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐ
ȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞ
ĮȞȐȕȠȣȞȝȩȞȚȝĮ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮĮijȒıİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȞĮȗİıIJĮșİȓıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢȖȚĮȝİȡȚțȐȜİʌIJȐʌȡȚȞijIJȚȐȟİIJİțĮijȑ
ȫıIJİȞĮİȓȞĮȚĮȡțİIJȐȗİıIJȩȢțĮȚȠʌȡȫIJȠȢțĮijȑȢǾįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮȣIJȒįİȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚȖȚĮIJȠȣȢİʌȩȝİȞȠȣȢ
țĮijȑįİȢ
ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ
ȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚțĮijȑȒʌȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
țĮijȑ
ȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮijȑ
īȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒʌȡȠIJȠȪIJȘȞȠȜȠțȜȘȡȫıİȚȘıȣıțİȣȒȟĮȞĮʌȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǵʌȦȢțĮȚıIJȚȢİʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȑȢȝȘȤĮȞȑȢțĮijȑįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚ
İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȠIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǵIJĮȞIJİȜİȚȫıİȚȘʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣțĮijȑʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİįȑțĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮʌİȡȓʌȠȣʌȡȚȞĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠ-
įȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȣȡȓȗȠȞIJȐȢIJȘȞĮȡȖȐĮʌȩįİȟȚȐʌȡȠȢIJĮ
ĮȡȚıIJİȡȐȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮțĮȚİțIJȠȟİȪıİȚȢȞİȡȠȪȒțĮijȑ
114
EL
ĮȞțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮȞĮȝȠȞȒIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪʌĮȡȠȣıȚĮıIJȠȪȞȝȚțȡȑȢįȚĮijȣȖȑȢĮIJȝȠȪĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢ
ȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȖȚĮȑȞĮĮʌȩȜȣIJĮijȣıȚȠȜȠȖȚțȩijĮȚȞȩȝİȞȠ
ȈIJȠIJȑȜȠȢIJȘȢİțȡȠȒȢIJĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞ
ĮȞȐȕȠȣȞȝȩȞȚȝĮ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ+ȖȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȚț
ƲƺƴƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƬƣƷƧƮƧƵƣƮƲƭƧƵƣ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ:IJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮIJĮȝʌȜȑIJİȢ6
ǺȐȜIJİIJȘȞIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠǼȚț
ȈʌȡȫȟIJİʌȡȠȢIJĮȝȑıĮIJȘȞIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮȝİIJĮįȐțIJȣȜĮǾIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȘșİȓıIJȠțȑȞIJȡȠIJȠȣ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
īȚĮȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȣȤȩȞįȚĮȡȡȠȑȢȞİȡȠȪįȚʌȜȫıIJİțĮȚȕȐȜIJİıIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣIJĮİȟȦIJİȡȚțȐ
ȤȐȡIJȚȞĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİȟȑȡȤȠȞIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
ȉȫȡĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȕȐȜİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢ
ȈIJİȡİȫıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ:ȝȑıĮıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢijȡȠȞIJȓȗȠȞIJĮȢȞĮțȡĮIJȒıİIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒİȣșȣ-
ȖȡĮȝȝȚıȝȑȞȘȝİIJȠıȪȝȕȠȜȠ
ʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚʌȐȞȦıIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢǼȚț
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİȣșȣȖȡĮȝȝȓıİIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒȝİIJȠıȪȝȕȠȜȠ
ǹijȠȪİIJȠȚȝȐıİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑȕȖȐȗȠȞIJĮȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȘIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮıijȘȞȫıİȚıIJȘȞȑįȡĮ
ıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣīȚĮ ȞĮ IJȘȞ ĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİȖİȓȡİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȩʌȦȢ
ijĮȓȞİIJĮȚıIJȘȞİȚțȩȞĮȖȚĮȞĮʌȑıİȚȝȑıĮȘIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮǼȚț
īȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȤȞİIJİ ʌȐȞIJĮİȟĮȚȡİIJȚțȩțĮijȑʌȐȞIJĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȖȠȡȐȗİIJİIJĮȝʌȜȑIJİȢʌȠȣijȑȡȠȣȞIJȘ ıȒȝĮȞıȘ
ıȣȝȕĮIJȩIJȘIJĮȢ(6(
ǺȟșijįȞʍȝȒijįİıȟıȔȟįțȜįȝȑijȡʍȡȚıijșȞȒȟșȓįȟșȤʍȡİȡȥȓijȡȤĴȔȝijȢȡȤİıȟıȔȟįțȜįȝȑIJȤIJĴțȗȞȒȟș
ȞʍȡȢıȔȟįIJijȑȠȡȤȟȞıȢțȜȒȣIJijįȗȪȟıȣȟıȢȡȫįʍȪijșȟȤʍȡİȡȥȓijȡȤĴȔȝijȢȡȤ
ƲƺƴƯƣƧƵƱƫƮƣƴƧƵƧƵƱƣƷƳƱƥƣƭƱƥƫƣƵƱƯƬƣƷƧ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚʌȐȞȦıIJȘȞĮijĮȚȡȠȪȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮ(ǼȚț
ǹȞIJȠİʌȚșȣȝİȓIJİȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȑȞĮȝİȖȐȜȠijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞĮijĮȚȡȠȪȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮ(țĮȚIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ)ǼȚț
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚʌȐȞȦıIJȘıȤȐȡĮȖȚĮijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚĮ*ǼȚț
ĭIJȚȐȟIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑǼȚț
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȃĮʌȚȐȞİIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝȩȞȠĮʌȩIJȠțĮȠȣIJıȠȣ-
țȑȞȚȠIJȝȒȝĮȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȠȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞĮʌȩʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮțĮȣIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪțĮȚĮIJȝȠȪ ʌȠȣ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ İțȡȑȠȣȞĮʌȩIJȠ
ıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ȀĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/ʌȡȠȢIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ)
ǼȚț
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠĮIJȝȠȪ ȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣĮIJȝȠȪșĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚ
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣĮIJȝȠȪȖȚĮȞĮįİȓȟİȚʌȦȢȘșİȡȝȠ-
țȡĮıȓĮȝȑıĮıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȑȤİȚijIJȐıİȚıİȕȑȜIJȚıIJȠİʌȓʌİįȠȖȚĮIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒĮIJȝȠȪ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȝʌȡȓțȚȝİIJȠȖȐȜĮʌȠȣșȑȜİIJİȞĮțIJȣʌȒıİIJİțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ
ȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/
ǺȣșȓıIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/ȝȑıĮıIJȠȝʌȡȓțȚȝİIJȠȖȐȜĮǼȚț
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘȞİȡȩĮIJȝȩȢ ǼȚțǾıȣıțİȣȒșĮ
ĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİȚĮIJȝȩ
ȀȠȣȞȒıIJİțĮȚʌİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠȝʌȡȓțȚȝİIJȠȖȐȜĮțĮșȫȢİțȡȑİȚȠĮIJȝȩȢĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ
ȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ȉȠȖȐȜĮİȓȞĮȚİʌĮȡțȫȢȤIJȣʌȘȝȑȞȠȩIJĮȞİȝijĮȞȚıIJİȓĮijȡȩȢȝȑıĮıIJȠȝʌȡȓțȚǼȚț
115
EL
ǼʌĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘ ȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣ
ĮIJȝȠȪ
ȃıijȑįʍȪȜȑȚıȥȢȓIJșįĴȓIJijıȟįıȜȢıȫIJıțįijȞȪȣȗțįȞıȢțȜȑİıȤijıȢȪȝıʍijįʍȢȡȜıțȞȒȟȡȤȟįȜįȚįȢȔIJı-
ijıijșȟȡʍȓIJijȡIJȧȝșȟȑȜțʍįȢȡȥȓȣįijȞȡȫȘıIJijȡȫȟıȢȡȫįʍȪijȤȥȪȟȜįijȑȝȡțʍįȗȑȝįȜijȡȣ
ȌȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțȓIJijıȒȟįȞįȝįȜȪȤȗȢȪʍįȟȔȗțįȟįȜįȚįȢȔIJıijıijșȟȡʍȓIJijȡIJȧȝșȟȑȜțʍįȢȡȥȓȣįijȞȡȫ
ȘıIJijȡȫȟıȢȡȫȜįțijȡȞıijįȝȝțȜȪIJȧȝșȟȑȜț
ȋȪıIJİIJȠĮijȡȩȖĮȜȠȝȑıĮıIJȠijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚțĮijȑʌȠȣİIJȠȚȝȐıĮIJİʌȡȠȘȖȠȣȝȑȞȦȢ
ƧƲƣƯƣƸƳƩƴƫƮƱƲƱƫƩƴƩƥƫƣƬƣƷƧ
īȚĮȞĮİIJȠȚȝȐıİIJİİʌȩȝİȞȠțĮijȑĮȝȑıȦȢȝİIJȐIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒĮIJȝȠȪʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠțȐIJȦĮʌȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪǼȚț
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘȞİȡȩĮIJȝȩȢ ǼȚțǾıȣıțİȣȒșĮ
ĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİȚȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩ
ǾʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪșĮİʌȚIJȡȑȥİȚıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȖȡȘȖȠȡȩIJİȡĮǵIJĮȞȘıȣıțİȣȒijIJȐıİȚIJȘ
ȕȑȜIJȚıIJȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȘʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪįȚĮțȩʌIJİIJĮȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮ
ǼʌĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘ ȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİ-
ıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȘȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİIJȠȞİʌȩȝİȞȠțĮijȑ
ƲƺƴƯƣƬƣƯƧƵƧƲƣƳƱƸƩƨƧƴƵƱƶƯƧƳƱƶ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȃĮʌȚȐȞİIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝȩȞȠĮʌȩIJȠțĮȠȣIJıȠȣ-
țȑȞȚȠIJȝȒȝĮȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȠȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞĮʌȩʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮțĮȣIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪțĮȚĮIJȝȠȪ ʌȠȣ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ İțȡȑȠȣȞĮʌȩIJȠ
ıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚʌȐȞȦıIJȘȞĮijĮȚȡȠȪȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮ(ǼȚț
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘȞİȡȩĮIJȝȩȢ ǼȚțǾıȣıțİȣȒșĮ
ĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİȚȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩ
ǼʌĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘ ȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȗİ-
ıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ƴƶƮƤƱƶƭƧƴƥƫƣƯƣƧƲƫƵƶƸƧƵƧƧƯƣƯƬƣƭƱƫƵƣƭƫƬƱƬƣƷƧ
ȅĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢțĮijȑȢȝȑıĮıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌȚȑȗİIJĮȚİȜĮijȡȐȅțĮijȑȢșĮİȓȞĮȚʌȚȠįȣȞĮIJȩȢȒ
ʌȚȠİȜĮijȡȪȢĮȞȐȜȠȖĮȝİIJȠȕĮșȝȩȐȜİıȘȢIJȠȣțĮijȑțĮȚIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJȐIJȠȣıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȁȓȖĮ
įİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮİȓȞĮȚĮȡțİIJȐȖȚĮȞĮȖİȝȓıİȚIJȠijȜȚIJȗĮȞȐțȚȝİțĮijȑǹȞȘʌĮȡȠȤȒȖȓȞİIJĮȚʌȚȠĮȡȖȐıȘȝĮȓȞİȚʌȦȢ
İȓȞĮȚİȟĮȚȡİIJȚțȐȥȚȜȠțȠȝȝȑȞȠȢȒıȣȝʌȚİıȝȑȞȠȢȠțĮijȑȢ
ƥƧƮƫƴƮƣƵƱƶƦƱƸƧƫƱƶƯƧƳƱƶƬƣƵƣƵƩƯƦƫƣƳƬƧƫƣƵƩƴƸƳƩƴƩƴ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȃĮıȕȒȞİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȞĮĮʌȠıȣȞįȑİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢĮʌȩIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚ-
țȒʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȠIJȠȪȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩ
ȂȘȞȖİȝȓȗİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚIJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
īȚĮIJȘȞʌȜȒȡȦıȘIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮİȡȚȠȪȤȠȒȗİıIJȩȒȤȜȚĮȡȩȞİȡȩȒȠʌȠȚȠįȒ-
ʌȠIJİȐȜȜȠȣȖȡȩʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞİȚȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮİȜȑȖȤİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝȑıĮıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȃĮıȕȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȞĮĮʌȠıȣȞįȑİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ2ĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȚț
116
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ǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪ3ǼȚț
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİȞȦʌȩijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ0$;ǼȚț
ȃșȟȗıȞȔȘıijıȇȆȊǽijȡİȡȥıȔȡʍȑȟȧįʍȪijșȞȒȗțIJijșIJijȑȚȞș0$;
ȀȜİȓıIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪ3ǼȚț
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ2ȝȑıĮıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣǼȚț
īȚĮȞĮİȟĮıijĮȜȓıİIJİIJȘıȦıIJȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȑȡȝĮIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣıȔȟįțIJȧIJijȑijȡʍȡȚıijșȞȒȟȡijȡİȡȥıȔȡİțįĴȡȢıijțȜȑșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȞʍȡȢıȔȟįȞșȟȜȑȟıț
ʍįȢȡȥȓȜįĴȒ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞĮʌȩʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮțĮȣIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪțĮȚĮIJȝȠȪ ʌȠȣ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ İțȡȑȠȣȞĮʌȩIJȠ
ıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ȈIJȘȞʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣıȣȞİȤȓȗİȚȞĮȝȘȞʌĮȡȑȤİIJĮȚțĮijȑȢĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİȞȫȑȤİIJİȖİȝȓıİȚțĮȚIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİȚ
ıȦıIJȐIJȠįȠȤİȓȠĮțȠȜȠȣșȒıIJİIJȘȞİȟȒȢįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠțȐIJȦĮʌȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪǼȚț
ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ+ǼȚț
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘȞİȡȩĮIJȝȩȢ ǼȚțȄİțȚȞȒıIJİIJȘ
įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ǼʌĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİ IJȠ țȠȣȝʌȓ ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ ĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪ ȞİȡȠȪ ıIJȘȞ șȑıȘ ȖȚĮ ȞĮ įȚĮțȩȥİIJİ IJȘȞ ʌĮȡȠȤȒ
ȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ƭƧƫƵƱƶƳƥƫƣƣƶƵƱƮƣƵƱƶƴƤƩƴƫƮƣƵƱƴ
ǹȣIJȒȘıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚİijȠįȚĮıȝȑȞȘȝİȑȞĮıȪıIJȘȝĮĮȣIJȩȝĮIJȠȣıȕȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȠȣȢȞȑȠȣȢțĮȞȠȞȚ-
ıȝȠȪȢȖȚĮIJȘȞİȞİȡȖİȚĮțȒțĮIJĮȞȐȜȦıȘȂİIJȐĮʌȩȜİʌIJȐĮįȡȐȞİȚĮȢȘıȣıțİȣȒșĮıȕȒıİȚīȚĮȞĮțȐȞİIJİ
IJȠȞİʌȩȝİȞȠțĮijȑșĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȞȐȥİIJİȟĮȞȐIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌĮIJȫȞIJĮȢIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ+ǵIJĮȞȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒȑȤİȚIJȘıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİȚIJȠȞțĮijȑIJĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞ
ĮȞȐ
ȕȠȣȞȝȩȞȚȝĮ
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ȅIJĮțIJȚțȩȢțĮșȘȝİȡȚȞȩȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢIJȘȞįȚĮIJȘȡİȓıİȐȡȚıIJȘțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȖȚĮȝİȖȐȜȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩ
įȚȐıIJȘȝĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǵȜİȢȠȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮ İțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚ ȝİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ıȕȘıIJȒ țĮȚ
ĮʌȠıȣȞįİįİȝȑȞȘĮʌȩIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȅțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜİȓIJĮȚĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıȠȣȞIJĮȗİıIJȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞʌȜȑȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌİȣșİȓĮȢ
İțIJȩȟİȣıȘȞİȡȠȪ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȐıİıțȩȞȘȒȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİȞĮȤĮȡȐ-
ȟİIJİțĮȚȞĮțȐȞİIJİȗȘȝȚȐıIJȚȢĮIJıȐȜȚȞİȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǚǎǗǀnjǕǒǚǎǑǐǖǑdžǒNJƾǘǐǖǎNjǂǗƾǔdžǔNjǝǎLj
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİȠȚȠʌȑȢįİȞİȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢȆȡȠțĮȜȑıIJİİțȡȠȒțĮȣIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȠȣ
șĮȑȤİIJİIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİȚȤȦȡȓȢĮȜİıȝȑȞȠțĮijȑȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮȜȣșȠȪȞȒȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȣȞșȠȪȞIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮțĮijȑ
ȒȐȜȜİȢĮțĮșĮȡıȓİȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚ
ʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮ
117
EL
ȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİțĮȜȐIJĮijȓȜIJȡĮțȐșİȝȒȞİȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢʌĮıIJȓȜȚİȢȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩIJȦȞ
ijȓȜIJȡȦȞʌȠȣįȚĮIJȓșİȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞĮȖȠȡȐĮțȠȜȠȣșȫȞIJĮȢIJȘȞʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȝȚĮʌĮıIJȓȜȚĮȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩIJȦȞijȓȜIJȡȦȞȝȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȤȦȡȓȢțĮijȑ
ȈIJİȡİȫıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ȖȚĮȞĮȟİțȚȞȒıİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒ
ǹijȒıIJİIJȘȞʌĮıIJȓȜȚĮȞĮİȞİȡȖȒıİȚȖȚĮIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȜİʌIJȐ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİȟĮȞȐIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠțĮijȑȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒ
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȞİȡȠȪȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȖȚĮȑȞĮȜİʌIJȩǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȚȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢȖȚĮ
țȪțȜȠȣȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
țĮȚȟİʌȜȪȞİIJİȩȜĮIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮıİIJȡİȤȠȪȝİȞȠȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢ
ȃĮıȕȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȞĮĮʌȠıȣȞįȑİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮİıȦIJİȡȚțȐȝȑȡȘȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩıijȠȣȖȖȐȡȚȖȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮ-
ȞIJȚțȠȪǼȚț
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȚȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢȖȚĮȩȜĮIJĮijȓȜIJȡĮ
ǹȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțĮșȘȝİȡȚȞȐIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮİțIJİȜİȓIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞ
țȐșİIJȡİȚȢȝȒȞİȢ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕLjǓƾDžǒǂǓǔǖDŽNjǒƽǕLjǔLjǓǕLjǓǖǑǐDžǐǘƿǓǗǀnjǕǒǐǖ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮȤĮȜȐıİȚȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȘȞ
ȑįȡĮıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȂİIJȘȤȡȒıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮıȣııȦȡİȣIJȠȪȞțĮIJĮțȐșȚĮțĮijȑıIJȘȞȑįȡĮıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
IJĮȠʌȠȓĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİȝİȝȚĮȠįȠȞIJȠȖȜȣijȓįĮǼȚțȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚȒĮijȒȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȠȞİȡȩ
ȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
ǹȣIJȒȘİȡȖĮıȓĮȟİȕȖȐȜȝĮIJȠȢIJȘȢȑįȡĮȢıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜİȓIJĮȚȝİIJȐĮʌȩ
ʌİȡȓʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȤȑȢțĮijȑ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚĮ ȖȚĮȞĮȟİțȚȞȒıİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒǾıȣıțİȣȒșĮ
ĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİȚȞİȡȩȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮİțȡİȪıȠȣȞIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞPOȞİȡȠȪ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǔǕǐǔǚnjLjǎƽNjNJǑǂǒǐǘƿǓǂǕǍǐǞLJdžǔǕǐǞǎdžǒǐǞ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǼțIJİȜȑıIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚțȡȪȠIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪ-
ȖİIJİİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ȂİIJȐĮʌȩțȐșİȤȡȒıȘțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝİȑȞĮȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠ-
ȝĮțȡȪȞİIJİIJȣȤȩȞİȟȦIJİȡȚțȐțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢīȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȣȤȩȞİıȦIJİȡȚțȐțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮĮțȠȜȠȣșȒ-
ıIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘȞİȡȩĮIJȝȩȢ ǼȚțǹijȒıIJİȞĮİțȡİȪ-
ıİȚĮIJȝȩȢȖȚĮȝİȡȚțȐįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮ
ǼʌĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪıIJȘȞșȑıȘ ȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣ
ĮIJȝȠȪ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ+ȖȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȚț
ȀĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİIJĮțIJȚțȐIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ȉȡĮȕȒȟIJİȑȟȦIJȠȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚǼȚțțĮȚĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠțĮȠȣIJıȠȣțȑȞȚȠIJȝȒȝĮʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȠ
ıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪIJȡĮȕȫȞIJĮȢIJȠʌȡȠȢIJĮțȐIJȦȆȜȪȞİIJİȝİIJȡİȤȠȪȝİȞȠȞİȡȩȂʌȠ-
ȡİȓIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘȞȠʌȒȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓ
ȈȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖȒıIJİIJȠȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ.ȝȑȤȡȚIJȠIJȑȡȝĮįȚĮįȡȠȝȒȢȆİȡȐıIJİIJȠțĮȠȣIJıȠȣțȑȞȚȠIJȝȒȝĮ
ȦșȫȞIJĮȢIJȠʌȡȠȢIJĮʌȐȞȦǹȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚȟĮȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİIJȘȞȕİȜȩȞĮ4ʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢIJȘȞȠʌȒİȟȩįȠȣIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪǼȚț
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǐǖDžǐǘdžǀǐǖǎdžǒǐǞ
ȃĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİʌİȡȚȠįȚțȐIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖȐȡȚȒȑȞĮȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓ
118
EL
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǐǖǔǟǍǂǕǐǓǕLjǓǔǖǔNjdžǖƿǓ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȐıİıțȩȞȘ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮıIJĮșİȡȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓȖȚĮȞĮȝȘȖȓȞİȚȗȘȝȚȐ
ıIJȚȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕLjǓǂǗǂNJǒǐǞǍdžǎLjǓǔǘƽǒǂǓNjǂNJǕLjǓnjdžNjƽǎLjǓǔǖnjnjǐDŽƿǓǔǕǂDŽǝǎǚǎ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǾįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜİȓIJĮȚȝİıȕȘıIJȒıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȝİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȠıȣȞįİįİȝȑȞȠ
ĮʌȩIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮ
ȃĮĮįİȚȐȗİIJİțȐșİIJȩıȠIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ)
ȉȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞİȓȞĮȚİȟȠʌȜȚıȝȑȞȠȝİȑȞĮijȜȠIJȑȡ,ǵIJĮȞIJȠijȜȠIJȑȡİȟȑȡȤİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȘȞ
ĮijĮȚȡȠȪȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮıȘȝĮȓȞİȚʌȦȢIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞİȓȞĮȚȖİȝȐIJȠȝİȞİȡȩțĮȚʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȠ
ĮįİȚȐıİIJİ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ)ǼȚț
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞĮijĮȚȡȠȪȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮ(ǼȚț
ǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ)ıIJȠȞİȡȠȤȪIJȘ
ȆȜȪȞİIJİIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞțĮȚIJȘȞĮijĮȚȡȠȪȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮȝİȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢ
ȈțȠȣʌȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮıIJİȖȞȩʌĮȞȓ
ȈȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖȒıIJİIJȘȞĮijĮȚȡȠȪȝİȞȘıȤȐȡĮ(ʌȐȞȦıIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ)ǼȚț
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ)ıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢǼȚț
ƣƷƣƫƳƧƴƩƣƭƣƵƺƯ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȟȪįȚțĮȚȐȜȜĮʌȡȠȧȩȞIJĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞʌȠȣįİȞİȓȞĮȚİȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞĮĮʌȩIJȠȞ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞĮʌȩʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮțĮȣIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪțĮȚĮIJȝȠȪ ʌȠȣ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ İțȡȑȠȣȞĮʌȩIJȠ
ıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ǾțĮȜȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘțĮȚȠIJĮțIJȚțȩȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȪȠȣȞțĮȚįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞĮʌȠIJİȜİıȝĮIJȚțȒIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȖȚĮȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮȝİȚȫȞȠȞIJĮȢıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȐIJȠȞțȓȞįȣȞȠıȤȘȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪİʌȚțĮșȓıİȦȞĮȜȐIJȦȞ
ȝȑıĮıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǹȞȩȝȦȢȝİIJȘȞʌȐȡȠįȠIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐıİȚțȐʌȠȚİȢ
ĮȞȦȝĮȜȓİȢİȟĮȚIJȓĮȢIJȘȢȤȡȒıȘȢȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮıțȜȘȡȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝİȝİȖȐȜȘʌİȡȚİțIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮĮȜȐIJȦȞȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮ
ʌȡȠȕİȓIJİıIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȒIJȠȣȢȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİIJȘȞțĮȞȠȞȚțȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȖȚĮIJȠ
ıțȠʌȩĮȣIJȩȑȞĮʌȡȠȧȩȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚțȚIJȡȚțȩȠȟȪȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȖȚĮIJȠıțȠʌȩĮȣIJȩ
ȑȞĮʌȡȠȧȩȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚțȚIJȡȚțȩȠȟȪȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮʌȡȠȝȘșİȣIJİȓIJİİȪțȠȜĮĮȣIJȩIJȠʌȡȠȧȩȞ
ıIJĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢ
ȆȜįijįIJȜıȤįIJijțȜȪȣȡȔȜȡȣİıȟįȟįȝįȞȖȑȟıțȜįȞȔįıȤȚȫȟșȗțįȖȝȑȖıȣIJijįıIJȧijıȢțȜȑıȠįȢijȓȞįijįijșȣ
IJȤIJȜıȤȓȣʍȡȤʍȢȡȜȝȓȚșȜįȟFRPSRQHQWLįʍȪijșȥȢȓIJșįIJȫȞȖįijȧȟʍȢȡȨȪȟijȧȟʍȡȤʍıȢțȒȥȡȤȟȥș-
ȞțȜȑʍȢȪIJȚıijį
ǾıȣıțİȣȒȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞȩIJĮȞ IJĮ İȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞ
ĮȞȐȕȠȣȞȝİțȩțțȚȞȠȤȡȫȝĮǹțȠȜȠȣșȒıIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ+ȖȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȚțǹʌȠıȣȞįȑıIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞ
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİȞȦʌȩijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ0$;ȆȡȠıșȑıIJİIJȠʌȡȠȧȩȞ
ĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞȝȑıĮıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣȑȞĮĮȡțİIJȐȝİȖȐȜȠįȠȤİȓȠʌȠȣȞĮ
119
EL
ȤȦȡȐİȚIJȠȞİȡȩIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝȑıĮıIJȠ
įȠȤİȓȠ
ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ+ǼȚțȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮĮȞȐȥȠȣȞȝȩȞȚȝĮIJĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞ
ʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮȚIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠ
ĮIJȝȠȪȖȚĮʌİȡȓʌȠȣįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮȉȠʌȡȩȖȡĮȝȝĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞȟİțȚȞȐİȚțĮȚIJȠįȚȐȜȣȝĮʌȠȣ
ȣʌȐȡȤİȚȝȑıĮıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȉĮ
İȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȢijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚ ijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚĮ țĮȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ
ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞ
ȅȚİʌȚțĮșȓıİȚȢĮȜȐIJȦȞșĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȣȞșȠȪȞĮʌȩIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩțȪțȜȦȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȂİIJȐĮʌȩȝİȡȚțȑȢʌȜȪıİȚȢțĮȚʌĮȪıİȚȢȠțȪțȜȠȢĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞȠȜȠțȜȘȡȫȞİIJĮȚȈIJȠIJȑȜȠȢIJȘȢİțȡȠȒȢIJĮ
İȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞ ĮȞȐȕȠȣȞȝȩȞȚȝĮ
ǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȠįȚȐȜȣȝĮʌȠȣʌİȡȓııİȥİıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȄİʌȜȪȞIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİȞȦʌȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠțĮijȑȖȚĮijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮȚIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠ
ĮIJȝȠȪȖȚĮʌİȡȓʌȠȣįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮȄİțȚȞȐİȚȘijȐıȘȟİȕȖȐȜȝĮIJȠȢțĮȚIJȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚȝȑıĮıIJȠ
įȠȤİȓȠĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠ-
ȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȉĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞʌĮȡȠȤȒȢijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚ ijȜȣIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ț
ĮȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ ĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞȠȣȞ
ȂİIJȐĮʌȩȝȚĮıİȚȡȐʌȜȪıİȦȞțĮȚʌĮȪıİȦȞȠțȪțȜȠȢȟİȕȖȐȜȝĮIJȠȢȠȜȠțȜȘȡȫȞİIJĮȚȘıȣıțİȣȒıȕȒȞİȚ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİȞȦʌȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢ
ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ+ǼȚțȉĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞ
ĮȞȐȕȠȣȞȝİȜİȣțȩȤȡȫȝĮ
ǺȟijįıȟİıțȜijțȜȑȝįȞʍȑȜțįIJȤȟıȥȔȘȡȤȟȟįįȟįȖȡIJȖȓȟȡȤȟȞıȜȪȜȜțȟȡȥȢȬȞįıʍįȟįȝȑȖıijıijȡȟȜȫȜȝȡ
įĴįȔȢıIJșȣįȝȑijȧȟ
ƣƸƳƩƴƵƧƶƴƩƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘĮȤȡȒıIJİȣıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțȩȥİIJİIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚ
ıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞțĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠʌĮȡĮʌȑȝʌȠȣȝİıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ©ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢªȈİ
ʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘįȚȐȜȣıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȟİȤȦȡȓıİIJİIJĮįȚȐijȠȡĮȣȜȚțȐțĮIJĮıțİȣȒȢıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȘȞ
ıȪȞșİıȒIJȠȣȢțĮȚIJȚȢȚıȤȪȠȣıİȢįȚĮIJȐȟİȚȢıIJȘȋȫȡĮıĮȢ
120
EL
ƲƺƴƯƣƣƲƱƬƣƵƣƴƵƩƴƧƵƧƵƫƴƲƣƳƣƬƣƵƺƣƯƺƮƣƭƫƧƴ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȚțȫȞĮȞȦȝĮȜȚȫȞȞĮıȕȒȞİIJİĮȝȑıȦȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȞĮĮʌȠıȣȞįȑİIJİIJȠijȚȢ
ĮʌȩIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮ
ȆȇȅǺȁǾȂǹȉǹ ǹǿȉǿǼȈ ǻǿȅȇĬȍȉǿȀǼȈǼȆǼȂǺǹȈǼǿȈ
ǻİȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑ
ȒȖȓȞİIJĮȚʌȠȜȪ
ĮȡȖȐ
ȉȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
2įİȞİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıȦıIJȐIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȦșȫȞIJĮȢIJȠIJȑȡȝĮ
ȉȠįȠȤİȓȠİȓȞĮȚȐįİȚȠ īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİȞȦʌȩijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩȝȑȤȡȚIJȘ
ȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ0$;ǼȚț
ȅȚȠʌȑȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȝȑıĮ
ıIJȘȞȑįȡĮıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢ
IJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
İȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢ
ĬȑıIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ĮijȒȞȠȞIJĮȢȞĮİțȡİȪıİȚIJȠȞİȡȩǹȞIJȠȞİȡȩıȣȞİȤȓıİȚȞĮȝȘȞ
İțȡȑİȚȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮĮʌȩȩȜİȢIJȚȢȠʌȑȢİțIJİȜȑıIJİIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘ
ĮȜȐIJȦȞ
ȉȠijȓȜIJȡȠʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚ
IJȠȞțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘȑȤİȚ
ijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒİțȡȠȒȢ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİ-
ıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/țĮȚȖȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ1ȖȚĮȞĮȝİȚȫıİIJİ
IJȘȞʌȓİıȘıIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩțȪțȜȦȝĮȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐ
IJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘIJȣȤȩȞİȞĮʌȠȝȑȞȠȣıĮʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓ
ȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİȟĮȞȐȝİIJȘȞȕİȜȩȞĮʌȠȣ
ȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢIJȘijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒIJȠȣijȓȜ-
IJȡȠȣȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ
ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȦȞijȓȜIJȡȦȞʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘ
ȅțĮijȑȢİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪȥȚȜȐ
ĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢ ǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȑȞĮȤĮȡȝȐȞȚȝİʌȚȠȤȠȞIJȡȩ
ȕĮșȝȩȐȜİıȘȢ
ǾıțȩȞȘIJȠȣțĮijȑİȓȞĮȚ
ʌȠȜȪʌȚİıȝȑȞȘ ȆȚȑıIJİȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠIJȠȞțĮijȑȝİIJȠʌȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚ
ȉȠijȓȜIJȡȠʌİȡȚȑȤİȚȣʌİȡ-
ȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑ ǼȚıȐȖİIJİȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑȝȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ǼțȡȠȒțĮijȑ
ĮʌȩIJĮȐțȡĮ
IJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȆȚșĮȞȩȞȞĮȣʌȐȡȤİȚ
ȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ
țĮijȑʌȠȣİȝʌȠįȓȗİȚIJȘ
ıȦıIJȒıȪıijȚȟȘIJȘȢ
ȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘ
șȑıȘIJȘȢ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȑįȡĮ
ıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚǼȚțǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘȞ
įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȕȐȗȠȞIJĮȢıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣIJȘıȦıIJȒ
ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑ
ȀĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣ
țĮijȑıIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮIJȘȢ
ȑįȡĮȢıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢ
ȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮȝİȝȚĮȠįȠȞIJȠȖȜȣijȓįĮȒȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚ
ǼȚț
ȉȠijȓȜIJȡȠʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚ
IJȠȞțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘȑȤİȚ
ijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒİțȡȠȒȢ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/țĮȚȖȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ1
ȖȚĮȞĮȝİȚȫıİIJİIJȘȞʌȓİıȘıIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩțȪțȜȦȝĮȈIJȘ
ıȣȞȑȤİȚĮĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘIJȣȤȩȞ
İȞĮʌȠȝȑȞȠȣıĮʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİȟĮȞȐȝİIJȘȞȕİȜȩȞĮʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢIJȘijȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȦȞijȓȜIJȡȦȞ
ʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘ
ǼȜĮIJIJȦȝĮIJȚțȒIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮ ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ/țĮȚȖȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ1
ȖȚĮȞĮȝİȚȫıİIJİIJȘȞʌȓİıȘıIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩțȪțȜȦȝĮȈIJȘ
ıȣȞȑȤİȚĮĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘIJȣȤȩȞ
İȞĮʌȠȝȑȞȠȣıĮʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȑįȡĮıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚǼȚț
ǹȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJȒıIJİIJȠIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ǾȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣįİȞ
ȑȤİȚIJȠʌȠșİIJȘșİȓıȦıIJȐ
ıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȑȤİIJİıIJİȡİȫıİȚțĮȜȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ıIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮǼȚț
121
EL
ȆȇȅǺȁǾȂǹȉǹ ǹǿȉǿǼȈ ǻǿȅȇĬȍȉǿȀǼȈǼȆǼȂǺǹȈǼǿȈ
ǾʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑ
ȖȓȞİIJĮȚʌȠȜȪ
ȖȡȒȖȠȡĮ
ǾıțȩȞȘțĮijȑİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪ
ȤȠȞIJȡȐĮȜİıȝȑȞȘ īȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİʌȣțȞȩIJİȡȠțĮȚʌȚȠȗİıIJȩțĮijȑʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȑȞĮʌȚȠȥȚȜȠțȠȝȝȑȞȠȤĮȡȝȐȞȚ
ǾıțȩȞȘIJȠȣțĮijȑİȓȞĮȚ
ʌȠȜȪʌȚİıȝȑȞȘ ȆȚȑıIJİȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠIJȠȞțĮijȑȝİIJȠʌȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚ
ȉȠijȓȜIJȡȠįİȞʌİȡȚȑȤİȚ
İʌĮȡțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑ ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑȝȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞ
ʌĮȡȑȤİȚĮIJȝȩ ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞȑijIJĮıİ
ıIJȘıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝȩȞȚȝĮIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣ
ʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣĮIJȝȠȪȖȚĮȞĮįİȓȟİȚʌȦȢȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȝȑıĮıIJȠ
ȜȑȕȘIJĮȑȤİȚijIJȐıİȚıİȕȑȜIJȚıIJȠİʌȓʌİįȠȖȚĮIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒĮIJȝȠȪ
ȉȠįȠȤİȓȠİȓȞĮȚȐįİȚȠ īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİȞȦʌȩijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩȝȑȤȡȚIJȘ
ȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ0$;ǼȚț
ȉȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
2įİȞİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıȦıIJȐIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȦșȫȞIJĮȢIJȠIJȑȡȝĮ
ĭȡĮȖȝȑȞȘȠʌȒİȟȩįȠȣ
IJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİIJȘȞȕİȜȩȞĮʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢIJȣȤȩȞțȡȠȪıIJİȢʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞıȤȘȝĮIJȚıIJİȓȝȑıĮıIJȘȞ
ȠʌȒıIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪǼȚț
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȩʌȦȢ
ʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢıIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪǹȞʌĮȡĮȝİȓȞİȚIJȠʌȡȩȕȜȘȝĮ
İțIJİȜȑıIJİIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞ
ȆĮȡȠȣıȓĮȞİȡȠȪ
ȝȑıĮıIJȘȞȑįȡĮ
țĮȚıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȠȣ
įȠȤİȓȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
ȉȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
2įİȞİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıȦıIJȐIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȦșȫȞIJĮȢIJȠIJȑȡȝĮ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒțȐȞİȚ
ʌİȡȓİȡȖȠșȩȡȣȕȠ
țĮIJȐIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒ
țĮijȑ
ȉȠȞİȡȩİȓȞĮȚȜȓȖȠțĮȚȘ
ĮȞIJȜȓĮįİȞIJȡĮȕȐİȚ ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚțĮȞȠȞȚțȒȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ǹȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚȖİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞȦʌȩijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩȝȑȤȡȚIJȘ
ȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ0$;
ȉĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐ
ȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮIJȦȞ
ʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ĮȞȐȕȠȣȞȝİ
țȩțțȚȞȠȤȡȫȝĮ
ǹʌĮȚIJİȓIJĮȚĮijĮȓȡİıȘ
ĮȜȐIJȦȞ ǼțIJİȜȑıIJİIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞȕȜȑʌİʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ³ǹijĮȓȡİıȘ
ĮȜȐIJȦȞ´
122
RU
ǿǼDzdzǾǴǮǻǶdzDzǮǻǻǼǷǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶǶ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ
ɡɚɳɢɬɨɣɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢ ɦɟɪɚɦɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɢɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɜɦɢ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟȿɫɥɢɜɵɪɟɲɢɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɪɭɤɢɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɟ-
ɪɟɞɚɬɶɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɷɬɭɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢɨɛɨɡɧɚ-
ɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦ
ɍɝɪɨɡɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɚɹɢɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
Ɇɟɪɵɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶdzǽǼǻǮǵǻǮȅdzǻǶȌ
Ʉɨɮɟɦɚɲɢɧɚɞɚɥɟɟɜɬɟɤɫɬɟ©ɩɪɢɛɨɪªɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟɢɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɨɄɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨ
ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɝɨɪɹɱɭɸɜɨɞɭ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɦɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɱɚɟɜɢ
ɧɚɫɬɨɟɤɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɟɞɨɥɠɟɧɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹɜɤɨɦɦɟɪ-
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɥɢɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯɰɟɥɹɯɅɸɛɨɣɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɣɩɪɨ-
ɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬɟɝɨɨɬɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢɫ-
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɜɥɟɱɟɬɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɨɬɦɟɧɭɥɸɛɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
ǼǿȀǮȀǼȅǻȉdzǾǶǿǸǶ
ȼɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɧɟɜɯɨɞɹɬ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɡɚɳɢɬɵɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɨɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɵɦɜɵɯɨɞɨɦɫɬɪɭɢ
ɩɚɪɚɢɥɢɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ±ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɚɪɚɢɥɢɜɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɹɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɧɟɪɟ-
ɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɬɪɭɸɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɫɟɛɹɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɥɸɞɟɣȻɟɪɢɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɬɨɥɶɤɨɡɚɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɸɱɚɫɬɶɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɪɭɛɤɟ
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɺɦɤɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵɢɡɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɩɪɨ-
ɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ǽǾǮǰǶǹǮȀdzȃǻǶǸǶǯdzǵǼǽǮǿǻǼǿȀǶ
ɊɀɋɀȿɊɀɋȽɖɇɃɌɊɉɆɗɂɉȽȻɈɃɀɇɊɋɃȼɉɋȻɈɀɉȼɐɉȿɃɇɉȽɈɃɇȻ-
ɍɀɆɗɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɍɗɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɎəɃɈɌɍɋɎɅɑɃə
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɢɥɢɩɨɯɨ-
ɠɢɯɧɚɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɟɤɚɤɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɡɨɧɚɯɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɡɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨ-
ɧɚɥɚɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɜɜɨɮɢɫɚɯɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ
ɧɚɮɟɪɦɚɯ
ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɵɦɨɬɟɥɢɦɢɧɢɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɵɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɥɵɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶ-
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɝɨɫɬɹɦɢ
123
RU
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɜɰɟɥɹɯɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɦɪɭɤɨ-
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɬɤɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɟɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɣɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɩɪɢɟɝɨɨɬɫɵɥɤɟɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪ-
ɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȒșȭȒȓȠȓȗ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɦɨɝɭɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɟɬɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɥɟɬɚɬɚɤɠɟɥɢɰɚɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ-
ɧɵɦɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɦɢɢɥɢɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɢɥɢɛɟɡ
ɨɩɵɬɚɢɥɢɭɦɟɧɢɹɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɩɪɢɫɭɬ-
ɫɬɜɢɢɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɥɢɰɚɢɥɢɩɨɫɥɟɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹɢɦɩɪɚɜɢɥɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɢɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɟɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɶɫɹɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɢɫɩɨɥɶ-
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɞɟɬɹɦɢɝɪɚɬɶɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟɜɞɚɧ-
ɧɨɦɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɞɟɬɹɦɟɫɥɢɨɧɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɢ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɫɬɚɪɲɟɥɟɬɢɧɟɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɩɨɞɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɨɦ
Ⱦɟɪɠɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɧɟɡɨɧɵɞɨɫɹɝɚɟɦɨɫɬɢɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɦɟɫɬɚɯɝɞɟɡɚɧɟɝɨɦɨɠɟɬɫɯɜɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ
ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɦɟ-
ɫɬɚɯɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɫɪɨɤɚɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɹɯɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɫɞɟɥɚɜɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɧɟɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɩɨ-
ɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɝɪɭɲɤɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɛɭɥɚɜɤɭɞɥɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɜɡɨɧɟɞɨɫɹɝɚɟɦɨɫɬɢɞɟɬɟɣɢɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɟɟ
ɜɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɝɥɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹɢɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɟɬɢɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɧɚɩɪɹ-
ɠɟɧɢɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɜɧɢɠɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɧɚ-
ɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸɦɟɫɬɧɨɣɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɟɬɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɜɥɟɱɶɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɢɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
ɇɟɬɹɧɢɬɟɡɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɥɢɫɚɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɱɬɨɛɵɢɡɜɥɟɱɶɜɢɥɤɭ
ɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɛɚɤɚɜɨɞɨɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɢɡɜɥɟɱɶ
ɤɚɛɟɥɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
124
RU
ɂɡɛɟɝɚɣɬɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫɜɨɞɨɣɞɟɬɚɥɟɣɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɞɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦɜɨɡ-
ɦɨɠɧɨɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɱɬɨɛɵɤɚɛɟɥɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɨɫɬɪɵɦɢɱɚ-
ɫɬɹɦɢ
ɂɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ȼɫɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ
ɧɚɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦɢɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɦɨɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ
ɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ɇɚɜɪɟɦɹɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɚɠɟɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵ-
ɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɢɢɡɜɥɟɱɶɜɢɥɤɭɤɚɛɟɥɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ȁȑȞȜȕȎȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȡȧȓȞȏȎȐȩȕȐȎțțȎȭȖțȩȚȖ
ȝȞȖȥȖțȎȚȖ
Ȼɟɪɢɬɟɫɶɡɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɞɧɹɬɶɟɝɨ
Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɯɨɪɨɲɨɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɦɢɱɢɫɬɨɦɦɟɫɬɟɫɭɞɨɛɧɵɦɞɨ-
ɫɬɭɩɨɦɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɟ
ɇɟɧɚɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɛɚɤɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɨɞɵ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
ɇɟɬɹɧɢɬɟɡɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɥɢɫɚɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɱɬɨɛɵɢɡɜɥɟɱɶɜɢɥɤɭ
ɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɟɝɨɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɬɨɨɧɧɟɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚ-
ɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɥɢɭɬɟɱɤɢɜɨɞɵɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣ-
ɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɲɧɭɪɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɥɢɜɢɥɤɟɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟɜɫɚɦɨɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɅɸɛɵɟɜɢɞɵɪɟɦɨɧɬɚɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɡɚɦɟɧɭɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ$ULHWHɢɥɢ
ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ$ULHWHɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ǺȓȞȩȏȓȕȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȖȝȜȝȞȓȒȜȠȐȞȎȧȓțȖȬȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɫɬɪɭɸɩɚɪɚɢɥɢɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɱɚɫɬɟɣɬɟɥɚɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɱɚɫɬɹɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɬɤɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɶɨɠɨɝɢ
Ȼɟɪɢɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɬɨɥɶɤɨɡɚɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɸɱɚɫɬɶ
ȼɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɟɜɨɞɵɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨɡɚɤɭɩɨɪ-
ɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ ɫɧɹɬɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɬɚɤɤɚɤ
ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɉɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɹɫɶɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵ-
ɦɢɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
125
RU
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪ
țȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣɢɫɭɯɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɛɟɡɜɨɞɵɬɤɷɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɩɨɥɨɦɤɟɧɚɫɨɫɚ
Ⱦɥɹɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɛɚɤɚɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɝɨɪɹɱɭɸɢɥɢ
ɬɟɩɥɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɢɥɢɩɨɦɟɳɚɬɶɟɝɨ
ɜɛɥɢɡɢɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨɨɝɧɹɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɱɚɫɬɹɦɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɨɩɨɦɟɳɚɬɶɜɧɭɬɪɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɢɱɚɲɟɤɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɟɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɦɨɥɨɬɵɦɤɨɮɟɗɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɩɨ-
ɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɢ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯɝɞɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵ
ɦɨɠɟɬɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɫɹɧɢɠɟ&ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɜɨɞɵɜɛɨɣɥɟɪɟɦɨɝɭɬɡɚ-
ɦɟɪɡɧɭɬɶɢɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯɹɜɥɟɧɢɣɞɨɠɞɹɫɨɥɧɰɚ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɜɢɥɤɢɨɬɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɢɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹɝɨɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɣɫɚɥɮɟɬɤɨɣɫɥɟɝɤɚɫɦɨ-
ɱɟɧɧɨɣɜɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɟɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɦɨɸɳɟ-
ɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɥɸɛɵɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɢɟɩɥɚɫɬɢɤ
ɇɟɥɶɡɹɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɦɨɝɭɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ-
ɜɚɬɶɫɹɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɨɬɧɟɝɨɢɧɟɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ȃǾǮǻǶȀȊǻǮǿȀǼȍȇdzdzǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮ
ȄǶǶ
126
RU
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdzǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
$ Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɫɢɧɞɢɤɚ-
ɬɨɪɨɦɩɨɞɚɱɢ
/ Ɍɪɭɛɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
0 Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
% Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɤɫɢɧɞɢɤɚ-
ɬɨɪɨɦɩɨɞɚɱɢ
1 Ɋɭɱɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
2 ȼɨɞɹɧɨɣɛɚɤ
& Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɚɪɚɫɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ 3 Ʉɪɵɲɤɚɛɚɤɚɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ
' Ƚɧɟɡɞɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ 4 Ȼɭɥɚɜɤɚɞɥɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
( ɋɴɟɦɧɚɹɪɟɲɟɬɤɚ 5 Ɍɟɦɩɟɪ
) ɉɨɞɞɨɧ 6 Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɥɞ
* Ɋɟɲɟɬɤɚɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɤ 7 Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɧɚɨɞɧɭɱɚɲɤɭ
+ Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ 8 Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɤ
, ɉɨɩɥɚɜɨɤ 9 Ⱦɢɫɤɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ
- Ʉɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ : Ⱦɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
. Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɬɪɭɛɤɚ ɏ ȼɢɧɬɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɞɢɫɤɚɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ
ǶȒȓțȠȖȢȖȘȎȤȖȜțțȩȓȒȎțțȩȓ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɭɤɚɡɚɧɵɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚȿɋ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɆɨG
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣʋ61
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟȼɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ:
ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɚɹɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɚɹɫɥɭɠɛɚɬɟɯɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɉɪɢɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢɡɚɹɜɤɢɜȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶȍǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ǽȜȒȑȜȠȜȐȘȎȘȫȘȟȝșȡȎȠȎȤȖȖ
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɜɫɟɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɪɨɜɧɭɸɢɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɉɨɦɨɣɬɟɛɚɤɮɢɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɢɱɚɲɟɤɮɢɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɥɞɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɚɩɟɥɶɫɴɟɦɧɭɸ
ɪɟɲɟɬɤɭɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɱɚɥɨɦɫɛɨɪɤɢɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɨɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ǽȞȓȒȐȎȞȖȠȓșȪțȩȓȜȝȓȞȎȤȖȖ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɫɴɟɦɧɭɸɪɟɲɟɬɤɭ(ɧɚɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɚɩɟɥɶ)Ɋɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɚɩɟɥɶ)ɜɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɊɢɫ
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ2ɢɡɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɊɢɫ
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɛɚɤɚɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ3Ɋɢɫ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɛɚɤɚɜɨɞɨɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɢɡɜɥɟɱɶɤɚɛɟɥɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚ-
ɧɢɹɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɇɟɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɣɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦ
127
RU
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ⱦɥɹɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɛɚɤɚɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɝɨɪɹɱɭɸɢɥɢɬɟɩɥɭɸɜɨɞɭɚɬɚɤɠɟ
ɥɸɛɵɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɫɜɟɠɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ0$;Ɋɢɫ
Ɉɣɥɩɞɟɛɨɠɨɛɪɩɦɨɺɭɷɜɛɲɩɥɝɶɳɠɧɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɩɞɩɮɫɩɝɨɺ
Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɛɚɤɚɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ3Ɋɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ2ɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟɝɧɟɡɞɨɊɢɫ
ɑɬɨɛɵɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸɪɚɛɨɬɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɪɢɠɦɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ
Ɋɫɩɝɠɫɷɭɠɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩɬɭɷɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɥɣɜɛɥɛɝɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɩɧɬɦɮɲɛɠɪɫɣɜɩɫɧɩɡɠɭɨɠɝɶɪɩɦɨɣɭɷɪɩ-
ɟɛɲɮɥɩɯɠ
ǽȓȞȐȜȓȐȘșȬȥȓțȖȓ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɪɟɠɞɟɱɟɦɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɜɫɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
Ɏɜɠɟɣɭɠɬɷɝɭɩɧɲɭɩɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɠɝɛɳɠɤɟɩɧɛɳɨɠɤɬɠɭɣɬɩɩɭɝɠɭɬɭɝɮɠɭɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɹɮɥɛɢɛɨɨɩɧɮ
ɨɛɭɛɜɦɣɲɥɠɬɭɠɰɨɣɲɠɬɥɣɧɣɟɛɨɨɶɧɣɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɊɢɫ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɟɝɨɝɧɟɡɞɨɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɹɧɢɨɞɢɧɢɡɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ+Ɋɢɫ
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵɤɧɨɩɨɤɩɨɞɚɱɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢ ɱɚɲɟɤ ɢɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɚɪɚ ɛɭɞɭɬɦɢɝɚɬɶɉɨɫɥɟ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵɤɧɨɩɨɤ
ɛɭɞɭɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɟɪɜɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɰɢɤɥɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɨɛɴɟɦɨɦɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɦɥɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɤ
ɊɢɫɁɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɟɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɨɞɚɱɢɢɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶ
ɩɨɤɚɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɜɨɞɚ
ɉɨɫɥɟɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɊɢɫ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɵɩɚɪɚ ɊɢɫɁɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɨɞɚɱɢɢɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶɩɨɤɚɢɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɜɨɞɚɉɟ-
ɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɨɛɵɩɪɟɪɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɹɣɬɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɞɨɢɡɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɫɟɣɜɨɞɵɢɦɟɸɳɟɣɫɹɜɛɚɤɟ
ɊɋɃɇɀɒȻɈɃɀɪɩɝɭɩɫɺɤɭɠ ɸɭɮ ɩɪɠɫɛɱɣɹ ɪɫɣɥɛɡɟɩɧ ɝɥɦɹɲɠɨɣɣ ɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ ɪɩɬɦɠ ɨɠɬɥɩɦɷɥɣɰ
ɟɨɠɤɪɫɩɬɭɩɺ
ɊɫɣɩɭɬɮɭɬɭɝɣɣɝɩɟɶɝɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫɠɨɛɜɦɹɟɛɠɭɬɺɝɣɜɫɛɱɣɺɣɜɩɦɠɠɬɣɦɷɨɶɤɳɮɧɃɨɟɣɥɛɭɩɫɶ
ɥɨɩɪɩɥɪɩɟɛɲɣɟɦɺɲɛɳɥɣ( )ɲɛɳɠɥ ɣɥɨɩɪɥɣɪɛɫɛ(ɜɮɟɮɭɧɣɞɛɭɷɒɭɩɜɶɝɩɢɩɜ-
ɨɩɝɣɭɷɫɛɜɩɭɮɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɬɧɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯ´Ɉɛɪɩɦɨɠɨɣɠɜɛɥɛɟɦɺɝɩɟɶɝɩɝɫɠɧɺɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɺµ
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɝɨɬɨɜɤɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɸɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ǶȕȐșȓȥȓțȖȓȢȖșȪȠȞȎ
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿȾɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɭɠɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɤɍɤɚɡɚ-
ɧɢɹɩɨɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɸɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵɧɚɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯɄɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɦɨɠɧɨɢɡɜɥɟɱɶɩɚɥɶɰɚɦɢ
128
RU
ǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǹdzǻǶdzǸǼȂdz
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ2ɢɡɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɊɢɫ
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɛɚɤɚɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ3Ɋɢɫ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɛɚɤɚɜɨɞɨɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɢɡɜɥɟɱɶɤɚɛɟɥɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚ-
ɧɢɹɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɇɟɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɣɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ⱦɥɹɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɛɚɤɚɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɝɨɪɹɱɭɸɢɥɢɬɟɩɥɭɸɜɨɞɭɚɬɚɤɠɟ
ɥɸɛɵɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɫɜɟɠɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ0$;Ɋɢɫ
Ɉɣɥɩɞɟɛɨɠɨɛɪɩɦɨɺɭɷɜɛɲɩɥɝɶɳɠɧɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɩɞɩɮɫɩɝɨɺ
Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɛɚɤɚɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ3Ɋɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ2ɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟɝɧɟɡɞɨɊɢɫ
ɑɬɨɛɵɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸɪɚɛɨɬɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɪɢɠɦɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ
Ɋɫɩɝɠɫɷɭɠɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩɬɭɷɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɥɣɜɛɥɛɝɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɩɧɬɦɮɲɛɠɪɫɣɜɩɫɧɩɡɠɭɨɠɝɶɪɩɦɨɣɭɷɪɩ-
ɟɛɲɮɥɩɯɠ
ȼɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɠɟɥɚɟɦɵɣɮɢɥɶɬɪ7ɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɢɥɢ8ɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɤɢɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɝɨɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸɞɨɡɭɤɨɮɟɢɯɨɪɨɲɨɫɩɪɟɫɫɭɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɬɵɣ
ɤɨɮɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɬɟɦɩɟɪɨɦ5Ɋɢɫ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȿɫɥɢɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɛɵɥɨɧɚɫɵɩɚɧɨɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɷɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɡɚɜɢɧɱɢ-
ɜɚɧɢɹɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɢɥɢɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɟɝɨɜɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɹɢɡɩɨɞ
ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ:ɜɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɝɧɟɡɞɨɢɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɪɭɱɤɚɜɵɪɚɜɧɟɧɚɩɨ
ɫɢɦɜɨɥɭ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɦɚɲɢɧɵɊɢɫ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɜɵɪɨɜɧɹɣɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɫɢɦɜɨɥɭ
Ɋɫɩɬɦɠɟɣɭɠɢɛɭɠɧɲɭɩɜɶɟɠɫɡɛɭɠɦɷɯɣɦɷɭɫɛɜɶɦɰɩɫɩɳɩɢɛɥɫɠɪɦɠɨɝɩɯɦɛɨɱɠɋɣɬ
ǰȩȏȓȞȖȠȓȔȓșȎȓȚȩȗȜȏȨȓȚțȎȝȖȠȘȎ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɨɛɴɟɦɧɚɩɢɬɤɚɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɹɫɶɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣɧɢɠɟɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ
Ʉɨɮɟɷɫɩɪɟɫɫɨ Ɉɛɵɱɧɵɣ
Ⱦɜɨɣɧɨɣ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɥ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɥ
Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɤɦɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɱɢɞɜɭɯɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɱɚɲɟɤɤɨɠɟɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟɥɭɧɝɨ
ɢɥɢɛɨɥɟɟɤɪɟɩɤɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ǾȓȑȡșȖȞȜȐȘȎȘȜșȖȥȓȟȠȐȎȝȜȒȎȐȎȓȚȜȗȐȜȒȩȒșȭȥȎȦȘȖȖșȖȥȎȦȓȘ
ɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣɜɨɞɵɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɢɥɢ ɱɚɲɟɤ
ɤɨɮɟɜɪɟɦɹɩɨɞɚɱɢɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɱɟɪɟɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣɜɨɞɵɜɥɢɹɟɬɧɚɫɢɥɭɜɤɭɫɚɤɨɮɟɢɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɪɟɦɨɜɨɣɩɟɧɤɢɉɨɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟɜɚ-
ɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɷɬɨɬɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɱɬɨɛɵɧɚɣɬɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɭɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɜɚɲɢɦɜɤɭɫɨɜɵɦɩɪɟɞ-
ɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹɦ
ɊɋɃɇɀɒȻɈɃɀɫɠɞɮɦɣɫɩɝɥɛɥɩɦɣɲɠɬɭɝɛɪɩɟɛɝɛɠɧɩɤɝɩɟɶɟɦɺɲɛɳɥɣɣɦɣɟɦɺɲɛɳɠɥɟɩɦɡɨɛ
ɝɶɪɩɦɨɺɭɷɬɺɝɩɝɫɠɧɺɪɩɟɛɲɣɥɩɯɠ
129
RU
ɑɬɨɛɵɡɚɞɚɬɶɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɨɞɵɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɤɨɮɟɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɢɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟɧɚɠɚɬɨɣɤɧɨɩ-
ɤɭ
ɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɉɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɡɚɞɚɫɬ ɧɨɜɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɨɞɵɞɥɹ
ɱɚɲɤɢɤɨɮɟɑɬɨɛɵɡɚɞɚɬɶɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɨɞɵɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɤɤɨɮɟɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɢɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟ
ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣɤɧɨɩɤɭ
ɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɉɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɡɚɞɚɫɬɧɨɜɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɜɨɞɵɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɤɤɨɮɟ
ǽȜȒȎȥȎȘȜȢȓ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɨɞɧɭɢɥɢɞɜɟɱɚɲɤɢɧɚɫɴɟɦɧɭɸɪɟɲɟɬɤɭ(Ɋɢɫ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ+Ɋɢɫ
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵɤɧɨɩɨɤɩɨɞɚɱɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢ ɱɚɲɟɤ ɢɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɚɪɚ ɛɭɞɭɬɦɢɝɚɬɶɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɫɬɢ-
ɠɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵɤɧɨɩɨɤ
ɛɭɞɭɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ
ɉɪɢɩɟɪɜɨɦɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɤɨɮɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɸɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɦɢɧɭɬ
ɞɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨɤɨɮɟɗɬɨɧɟɧɚɞɨɛɭɞɟɬɩɪɨɞɟɥɵɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟ ɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɞɚɬɶɱɚɲɤɭɤɨɮɟɢɥɢɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟ
ɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɞɚɬɶɱɚɲɤɢɤɨɮɟ
ɑɬɨɛɵɩɪɟɪɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɱɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɧɨɜɚɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚ-
ɱɢɤɨɮɟ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ʉɚɤɢɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɮɟɦɚɲɢɧɚɯɧɟɫɧɢɦɚɣɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɤɨɝɞɚɤɧɨɩɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɨɤɨɥɨɞɟɫɹɬɢɫɟɤɭɧɞɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɫɧɹɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɩɨɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɤɨɮɟɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɫɧɹɬɶ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɟɝɨɫɩɪɚɜɚɧɚɥɟɜɨɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɛɪɵɡɝɨɜɜɨɞɵɢɥɢɤɨɮɟ
ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɶɫɹɜɩɨɥɧɟɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɤɨɝɞɚɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟɜɵ-
ɛɪɨɫɵɩɚɪɚɢɡɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹ
ɉɨɫɥɟɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹɩɨɞɚɱɢɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵɤɧɨɩɨɤ
ɧɚɱɧɭɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ+ɱɬɨɛɵɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɊɢɫ
ǸǮǸDZǼȀǼǰǶȀȊǸǼȂdzǶǿǽǼǹȊǵȁȍǸǼȂdzǰȅǮǹDzǮȃ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɞɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ:ɮɢɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɥɞ6
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɱɚɥɞɭɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɊɢɫ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɧɚɱɚɥɞɭɩɚɥɶɰɟɦɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɜɧɭɬɪɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɑɚɥɞɚɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚɜ
ɰɟɧɬɪɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɭɬɟɱɟɤɜɨɞɵɡɚɝɧɢɬɟɜɧɭɬɪɶɜɧɟɲɧɢɟɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɟɤɪɚɹɱɚɥɞɵɤɨɬɨ-
ɪɵɟɦɨɝɥɢɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɡɚɩɪɟɞɟɥɵɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
Ɂɚɬɟɦɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɝɧɟɡɞɨ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ:ɜɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɝɧɟɡɞɨɢɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɪɭɱɤɚɜɵɪɚɜɧɟɧɚɩɨ
ɫɢɦɜɨɥɭ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɦɚɲɢɧɵɊɢɫ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɜɵɪɨɜɧɹɣɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɫɢɦɜɨɥɭ
ɉɨɫɥɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɫɧɹɬɢɹɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɱɚɥɞɚɦɨɠɟɬɨɫɬɚɬɶɫɹɩɪɢɠɚɬɨɣ
ɜɝɧɟɡɞɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɑɬɨɛɵɫɧɹɬɶɟɟɧɚɤɥɨɧɢɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɊɢɫ
ɱɬɨɛɵɱɚɥɞɚɫɚɦɚɜɵɩɚɥɚɢɡɧɟɝɨ
ɑɬɨɛɵɜɫɟɝɞɚɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɶɱɚɥɞɵɫɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɨɣɫɨ-
ɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ©(6(ª
ɀɬɦɣɲɛɦɟɛɨɠɝɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɛɥɛɥɬɦɠɟɮɠɭɣɦɣɟɠɫɡɛɭɠɦɷɯɣɦɷɭɫɛɨɠɟɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩɰɩɫɩɳɩɢɛɥɫɠɪɦɠɨ
ɝɬɝɩɠɧɞɨɠɢɟɠɝɩɢɧɩɡɠɨɝɶɰɩɟɨɠɬɥɩɦɷɥɣɰɥɛɪɠɦɷɝɩɟɶɣɢɟɠɫɡɛɭɠɦɺɯɣɦɷɭɫɛ
130
RU
ǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǹdzǻǶdzǺǼǹǼȅǻǼǷǽdzǻǸǶDzǹȍǸǼȂdz
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɨɞɧɭɱɚɲɤɭɧɚɫɴɟɦɧɭɸɪɟɲɟɬɤɭ(Ɋɢɫ
ȿɫɥɢɠɟɥɚɟɬɟɦɨɠɟɬɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɛɨɥɶɲɭɸɱɚɲɤɭ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɫɴɟɦɧɭɸɪɟɲɟɬɤɭ(ɢɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɚɩɟɥɶ)Ɋɢɫ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɱɚɲɤɭɧɚɪɟɲɟɬɤɭɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɤ*Ɋɢɫ
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟɤɨɮɟɊɢɫ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜȻɟɪɢɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɬɨɥɶɤɨɡɚɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɸ
ɱɚɫɬɶɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɪɭɛɤɟ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɨɠɨɝɨɜɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɛɪɵɡɝɚɦɢɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɢɩɚɪɨɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɢɡɬɪɭɛ-
ɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɇɚɩɪɚɜɶɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ/ɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɩɨɞɞɨɧɚɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɚɩɟɥɶ)Ɋɢɫ
ɇɚɠɚɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɚɪɚɧɚɱɧɟɬɦɢɝɚɬɶȾɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶɩɨɤɚɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɚɪɚɧɚɱɧɟɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɜɛɨɣɥɟɪɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɚɨɩɬɢ-
ɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɫɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɞɥɹɜɫɩɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ/
ɉɨɝɪɭɡɢɬɟɞɨɞɧɚɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ/ɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɫɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɊɢɫ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɵɩɚɪɚ Ɋɢɫɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɱ-
ɧɟɬɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɩɚɪ
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɣɬɟɢɜɪɚɳɚɣɬɟɩɨɤɪɭɝɭɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɫɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɩɨɤɚɩɚɪɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɢɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɆɨɥɨɤɨɜɫɩɟɧɟɧɨɤɨɝɞɚɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɟɧɤɚɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɊɢɫ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɨɛɵɩɪɟɪɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɚɪɚ
Ɋɩɬɦɠɥɛɡɟɩɞɩɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɝɶɪɩɦɨɺɤɭɠɪɩɟɛɲɮɪɛɫɛɟɦɣɭɠɦɷɨɩɬɭɷɹɨɠɬɥɩɦɷɥɩɬɠɥɮɨɟɲɭɩ-
ɜɶɩɬɝɩɜɩɟɣɭɷɩɭɝɠɫɬɭɣɠɭɫɮɜɥɣɪɩɟɛɲɣɪɛɫɛɞɩɫɺɲɠɤɝɩɟɶɩɭɝɩɢɧɩɡɨɶɰɩɬɭɛɭɥɩɝɧɩɦɩɥɛ
Ƀɬɪɩɦɷɢɮɤɭɠɝɦɛɡɨɮɹɨɠɛɜɫɛɢɣɝɨɮɹɭɥɛɨɠɝɮɹɬɛɦɯɠɭɥɮɟɦɺɩɲɣɬɭɥɣɩɭɝɠɫɬɭɣɺɭɫɮɜɥɣɪɩɟɛɲɣ
ɪɛɫɛɞɩɫɺɲɠɤɝɩɟɶɣɧɠɭɛɦɦɣɲɠɬɥɩɤɭɫɮɜɥɣ
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɱɧɭɸɩɟɧɤɭɜɱɚɲɤɭɪɚɧɟɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ǽǼǰȀǼǾǻǼdzǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶdzDzǹȍǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǹdzǻǶȍǸǼȂdz
ɑɬɨɛɵɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɧɨɜɵɣɤɨɮɟɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɊɢɫ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɵɩɚɪɚ Ɋɢɫɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɱ-
ɧɟɬɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɝɨɪɹɱɭɸɜɨɞɭ
ɉɨɞɚɱɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɶɫɹɛɵɫɬɪɟɟɄɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɩɨɞɚɱɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɨɛɵɩɪɟɪɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɝɨɬɨɜɤɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɸɧɨɜɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ǽǼDzǮȅǮDZǼǾȍȅdzǷǰǼDzȉ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜȻɟɪɢɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɬɨɥɶɤɨɡɚɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɸ
ɱɚɫɬɶɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɪɭɛɤɟ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɨɠɨɝɨɜɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɛɪɵɡɝɚɦɢɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɢɩɚɪɨɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɢɡɬɪɭɛ-
ɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɨɞɧɭɱɚɲɤɭɧɚɫɴɟɦɧɭɸɪɟɲɟɬɤɭ(Ɋɢɫ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɵɩɚɪɚ Ɋɢɫɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɱ-
ɧɟɬɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɝɨɪɹɱɭɸɜɨɞɭ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɨɛɵɩɪɟɪɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
131
RU
ǽǼǹdzǵǻȉdzǿǼǰdzȀȉDzǹȍǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǹdzǻǶȍȃǼǾǼȆdzDZǼǸǼȂdz
«ȋǿǽǾdzǿǿǼ»ǽǼǶȀǮǹȊȍǻǿǸǶ
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɥɟɝɤɚɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɶɦɨɥɨɬɵɣɤɨɮɟɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɄɪɟɩɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɨɬɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɩɨɦɨɥɚɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɫɦɟɫɢɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɬɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɨɧɫɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧɄɨɮɟ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɜɱɚɲɤɢɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɱɟɪɟɡɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɟɤɭɧɞȿɫɥɢɜɪɟɦɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɤɨɮɟɛɨɥɶɲɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨ-
ɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɷɬɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɱɬɨɩɨɦɨɥɤɨɮɟɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɟɥɤɢɣɢɥɢɠɟɤɨɮɟɛɵɥɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɫɢɥɶɧɨɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧ
ǻǮǽǼǹǻdzǻǶdzǯǮǸǮDzǹȍǰǼDzȉǰǼǰǾdzǺȍǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶȍ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɛɚɤɚɜɨɞɨɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɢɡɜɥɟɱɶɤɚɛɟɥɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚ-
ɧɢɹɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɇɟɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɣɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ⱦɥɹɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɛɚɤɚɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɝɨɪɹɱɭɸɢɥɢɬɟɩɥɭɸɜɨɞɭɚɬɚɤɠɟ
ɥɸɛɵɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɵɜɛɚɤɟ
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ2ɢɡɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɊɢɫ
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɛɚɤɚɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ3Ɋɢɫ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɫɜɟɠɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ0$;Ɋɢɫ
Ɉɣɥɩɞɟɛɨɠɨɛɪɩɦɨɺɭɷɜɛɲɩɥɝɶɳɠɧɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɩɞɩɮɫɩɝɨɺ
Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɛɚɤɚɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ3Ɋɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ2ɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟɝɧɟɡɞɨɊɢɫ
ɑɬɨɛɵɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸɪɚɛɨɬɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɪɢɠɦɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ
Ɋɫɩɝɠɫɷɭɠɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩɬɭɷɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɥɣɜɛɥɛɝɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɩɧɬɦɮɲɛɠɪɫɣɜɩɫɧɩɡɠɭɨɠɝɶɪɩɦɨɣɭɷɪɩ-
ɟɛɲɮɥɩɯɠ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɠɨɝɨɜ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɪɵɡɝɚɦɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɚɪɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɡ
ɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ȿɫɥɢɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɢɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɛɚɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɫɟɪɚɜɧɨɧɟɩɨɞɚɟɬɤɨɮɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɊɢɫ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ+Ɋɢɫ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɵɩɚɪɚ ɊɢɫɁɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɨɞɚɱɢɢɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶɩɨɤɚɢɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɜɨɞɚ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɨɛɵɩɪɟɪɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɱɭɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ
ɜɨɞɵ
ȂȁǻǸȄǶȍǮǰȀǼǺǮȀǶȅdzǿǸǼDZǼǰȉǸǹȌȅdzǻǶȍ
ɗɬɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɧɨɜɵɦɢɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɧɵɦɢɧɨɪ-
ɦɚɦɢɩɨɷɧɟɪɝɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɸɉɨɫɥɟɦɢɧɭɬɩɪɨɫɬɨɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɑɬɨɛɵɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɧɨɜɵɣɤɨɮɟ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɫɧɨɜɚɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɠɚɜɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ+ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɛɭɞɭɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ
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RU
ǼȅǶǿȀǸǮǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟɢɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɟɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɩɪɨɞɥɢɬɶɟɝɨɫɪɨɤ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɫɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɧɚɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦɢ
ɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɦɨɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɤɚɞɨɥɠɧɚɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɤɨɝɞɚɝɨɪɹɱɢɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɨɫɬɵɥɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹɦɵɬɶɟɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟɇɟɥɶɡɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɹɦɵɟ
ɫɬɪɭɢɜɨɞɵ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɜɚɥɢɤɨɜɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɢɥɢɦɟ-
ɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɹɱɬɨɛɵɧɟɩɨɰɚɪɚɩɚɬɶɢɥɢɧɟɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɫɬɚɥɶɧɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȢȖșȪȠȞȜȐȟȜȒȓȞȔȎȧȖȗȚȜșȜȠȩȗȘȜȢȓ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɧɟɡɚɤɭɩɨɪɟɧɵȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɩɨɞɚɱɭɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɱɟɪɟɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣɛɟɡɦɨɥɨɬɨɣɫɦɟɫɢɱɬɨɛɵɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɶɢɥɢɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɤɨɮɟɢɥɢɞɪɭ-
ɝɢɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɧɹɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨ-
ɜɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɤɚɠɞɵɟɦɟɫɹɰɚɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹɜɩɪɨɞɚɠɟɬɚ-
ɛɥɟɬɤɢɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɱɢɫɬɹɳɭɸɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɛɟɡɤɨɮɟ
Ɂɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɣɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɟɝɨɝɧɟɡɞɟ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɨɮɟɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɤ ɱɬɨɛɵɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭ
Ɉɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭɩɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɧɚɦɢɧɭɬ
ɋɧɨɜɚɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɨɮɟɱɬɨɛɵɩɪɟɪɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɩɨɞɚɱɢɜɨɞɵɈɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɜɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɩɨɤɨɹɧɚɨɞɧɭɦɢɧɭɬɭɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɨɩɟɪɚ-
ɰɢɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɹɰɢɤɥɨɜɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɡɝɧɟɡɞɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɩɪɨ-
ɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɜɫɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɩɨɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɢɡɤɪɚɧɚ
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟɱɚɫɬɢɦɹɝɤɨɣɝɭɛɤɨɣɱɬɨɛɵɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɦɨɸɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
Ɋɢɫ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɞɥɹɜɫɟɯɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɧɟɪɟɠɟɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɚɤɚɠɞɵɟɬɪɢɦɟɫɹɰɚ
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȑțȓȕȒȎȘȞȓȝșȓțȖȭȒȓȞȔȎȠȓșȭȢȖșȪȠȞȎ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɝɧɟɡɞɟɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɉɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɚɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɚɹɜɝɧɟɡɞɟ
ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɞɬɢɜɧɟɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦɜɝɧɟɡɞɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɝɭɬɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɤɨɮɟɤɨ-
ɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɠɧɨɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɝɭɛɤɢɊɢɫɢɥɢɩɭɬɟɦɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹɜɨɞɵɛɟɡɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ-
ɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
ɗɬɚɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɢɝɧɟɡɞɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɞɨɥɠɧɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɤɚɠɞɵɯɱɚɲɟɤɤɨɮɟ
133
RU
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɨɮɟɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɤ ɱɬɨɛɵɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɱɧɟɬɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɜɨɞɭȾɨ-
ɠɞɢɬɟɫɶɩɨɤɚɛɭɞɭɬɩɨɞɚɧɵɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɦɥɜɨɞɵ
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȠȞȡȏȘȖȝȜȒȎȥȖȝȎȞȎȑȜȞȭȥȓȗȐȜȒȩ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɷɬɭɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɤɨɝɞɚɬɪɭɛɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɯɨɥɨɞɧɚɹɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ɉɨɫɥɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɱɢɳɚɣɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɣɫɚɥɮɟɬ-
ɤɨɣɱɬɨɛɵɭɞɚɥɹɬɶɜɧɟɲɧɢɟɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɦɨɥɨɤɚȾɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨ-
ɜɚɬɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɵɩɚɪɚ Ɋɢɫȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ
ɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɚɪɚɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɨɛɵɩɪɟɪɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɚɪɚ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɏɱɬɨɛɵɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɊɢɫ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɬɪɭɛɤɭɊɢɫɫɧɢɦɢɬɟɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶɬɪɭɛɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ
ɜɨɞɵɩɨɬɹɧɭɜɟɟɜɧɢɡɉɨɦɨɣɬɟɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɈɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɦɨɠɧɨɨɱɢɳɚɬɶɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɟ-
ɜɨɣɫɚɥɮɟɬɤɨɣ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɬɪɭɛɤɭ.ɞɨɭɩɨɪɚɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɸɱɚɫɬɶɩɪɨɬɨɥɤɧɭɜɟɟɜɜɟɪɯ
ȿɫɥɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɛɭɥɚɜɤɢ4ɢɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɚɪɚ
Ɋɢɫ
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȏȎȘȎȒșȭȐȜȒȩ
ɉɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɨɱɢɳɚɣɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɝɭɛɤɨɣɢɥɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɣɫɚɥɮɟɬɤɨɣ
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȘȜȞȝȡȟȎȝȞȖȏȜȞȎ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟɦɨɸɳɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɣɫɚɥɮɟɬɤɨɣɱɬɨɛɵɧɟɩɨɜɪɟ-
ɞɢɬɶɤɨɪɩɭɫ
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȟȨȓȚțȜȗȞȓȦȓȠȘȖȖȝȜȒȒȜțȎȒșȭȟȏȜȞȎȘȎȝȓșȪ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɥɠɧɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶɧɚɹɜɢɥɤɚɨɬɫɨɟɞɢ-
ɧɟɧɚɨɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɉɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɹɣɬɟɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɚɛɟɥɶ)
ȼɚɧɧɨɱɤɚɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɚɩɟɥɶɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɚɩɨɩɥɚɜɤɨɦ,Ʉɨɝɞɚɩɨɩɥɚɜɨɤɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɢɡɩɨɞɫɴɟɦɧɨɣɪɟ-
ɲɟɬɤɢɷɬɨɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɱɬɨɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɚɩɟɥɶɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɜɨɞɨɣɢɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɟɧ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɚɩɟɥɶ)Ɋɢɫ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɫɴɟɦɧɭɸɪɟɲɟɬɤɭ(Ɋɢɫ
Ɉɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɬɟɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɚɩɟɥɶ)ɜɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɭ
ɉɨɦɨɣɬɟɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɚɩɟɥɶɢɫɴɟɦɧɭɸɪɟɲɟɬɤɭɫɜɟɠɟɣɜɨɞɨɣ
ȼɵɬɪɢɬɟɧɚɫɭɯɨɫɭɯɨɣɫɚɥɮɟɬɤɨɣ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɫɴɟɦɧɭɸɪɟɲɟɬɤɭ(ɧɚɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɚɩɟɥɶ)Ɋɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɚɩɟɥɶ)ɜɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɊɢɫ
134
RU
ȁDzǮǹdzǻǶdzǻǮǸǶǽǶ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɭɤɫɭɫɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɧɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɞɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɤɢɩɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɨɠɨɝɨɜɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɛɪɵɡɝɚɦɢɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɢɩɚɪɨɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɢɡɬɪɭɛ-
ɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɏɨɪɨɲɟɟɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɢɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɛɨɥɟɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɪɨɤɚɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɧɢɠɚɸɬɪɢɫɤɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɤɢɩɢɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ
ȿɫɥɢɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɷɬɨ ɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɛɭɞɟɬɜɫɟɠɟ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɨɢɡɡɚɱɚɫɬɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɠɟɫɬɤɨɣɢɫɢɥɶɧɨɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɨɞɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɨɜɟ-
ɫɬɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɩɨɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɥɹɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɷɬɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɞɥɹɷɬɨɣɰɟɥɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɞɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɤɢɩɢɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɣɤɢɫɥɨɬɵɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɞɥɹɷɬɨɣɰɟɥɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɞɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɤɢɩɢɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɣɤɢɫɥɨɬɵɗɬɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɢ-
ɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ
Ɋɫɩɣɢɝɩɟɣɭɠɦɷɨɠɨɠɬɠɭɨɣɥɛɥɩɤɩɭɝɠɭɬɭɝɠɨɨɩɬɭɣɢɛɪɩɝɫɠɡɟɠɨɣɺɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɩɝɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɝɩɢ-
ɨɣɥɳɣɠɝɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɠɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɨɠɪɩɟɰɩɟɺɴɣɰɬɫɠɟɬɭɝɝɝɣɟɮɬɩɟɠɫɡɛɨɣɺɝɨɣɰɰɣɧɣɲɠ-
ɬɥɣɰɟɩɜɛɝɩɥ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɢɧɚɤɢɩɢɤɨɝɞɚɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɝɨɪɹɬɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɰɜɟ-
ɬɨɦȾɟɣɫɬɜɭɣɬɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ+ɱɬɨɛɵɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɊɢɫɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɡɝɧɟɡɞɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɫɜɟɠɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ0$;Ⱦɨɛɚɜɶɬɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɞɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɤɢɩɢɜ
ɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɨɞɝɧɟɡɞɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɢɱɬɨɛɵɩɪɢ-
ɧɹɬɶɜɫɸɜɨɞɭɢɡɛɚɤɚɇɚɩɪɚɜɶɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ+ɊɢɫȾɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶɩɨɤɚɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɧɚɱ-
ɧɭɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɧɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɵɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɨɮɟɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɨɮɟɞɥɹ
ɱɚɲɟɤɢɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɚɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɤɢɩɢɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɫɹɢɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣɫɹɜɛɚɤɟ
ɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɢɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵɤɧɨɩɨɤɩɨɞɚɱɢɞɥɹ
ɱɚɲɤɢ ɱɚɲɟɤ ɢɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɚɪɚ ɛɭɞɭɬɦɢɝɚɬɶ
ɇɚɤɢɩɶɛɭɞɟɬɭɞɚɥɟɧɚɢɡɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɨɫɥɟɫɟɪɢɢɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɤɢɩɚɭɡɰɢɤɥɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɤɢɩɢɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɫɹɉɨɫɥɟɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹɩɨɞɚɱɢɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨ-
ɪɵɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɧɚɱɧɭɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ
ɈɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɨɬɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɈɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɫɜɟɠɟɣɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣɜɨɞɨɣ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɧɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɵɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɨɮɟɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɨɮɟɞɥɹ
ɱɚɲɟɤɢɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɚɁɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɫɹɮɚɡɚɨɩɨɥɚɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɹɢɢɡɝɧɟɡɞɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢ
ɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɜɨɞɚɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹɜɛɚɤɟɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵɤɧɨɩɨɤ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢ ɱɚɲɟɤ ɢɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɚɪɚ ɛɭɞɭɬɦɢɝɚɬɶ
ɉɨɫɥɟɫɟɪɢɢɩɪɨɦɵɜɨɤɢɩɚɭɡɰɢɤɥɨɩɨɥɚɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɹɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɫɹɉɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɫɜɟɠɟɣɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣɜɨɞɨɣ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ+Ɋɢɫɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɛɭɞɭɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɛɟɥɵɦ
ɰɜɟɬɨɦ
ɀɬɦɣɣɨɟɣɥɛɭɩɫɶɪɫɩɟɩɦɡɛɹɭɧɣɞɛɭɷɥɫɛɬɨɶɧɱɝɠɭɩɧɪɩɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɱɣɥɦɮɟɛɦɠɨɣɺɨɛɥɣɪɣ
135
RU
ǰȉǰǼDzǶǵȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɟɝɨɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹȼɵɥɢɬɶɜɨɞɭ
ɢɡɩɨɞɞɨɧɚɢɩɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɟɝɨɫɦɪɚɡɞɟɥɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ´Ⱦɥɹɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɨ
ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢɫɪɨɤɚɟɝɨɫɥɭɠɛɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɶɞɪɭɝɨɬɞɪɭɝɚɟɝɨɱɚɫɬɢɢɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶɢɯɭɬɢɥɢ-
ɡɚɰɢɸɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɢɩɨɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɨɧɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɫɬɪɚɧɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȁǿȀǾǮǻdzǻǶȌǻdzǸǼȀǼǾȉȃǽǾǼǯǹdzǺ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɧɟɩɨɥɚɞɨɤɜɪɚɛɨɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɟɝɨɢɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟ
ɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶɧɭɸɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕ ɉɊɂɑɂɇɕ ɋɉɈɋɈȻɕɍɋɌɊȺɇȿɇɂə
ɉɨɞɚɱɚɤɨɮɟɧɟ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɢɥɢ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
Ȼɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ2ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɩɪɢɠɚɜɟɝɨ
ɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ
Ȼɚɤɩɭɫɬɨɣ ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɫɜɟɠɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɞɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ0$;Ɋɢɫ
Ɉɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɜɝɧɟɡɞɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɡɚɤɭɩɨɪɟɧɵ
ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɛɟɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɢɩɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɟɜɨɞɭȿɫɥɢɜɨɞɚɩɨɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ
ɧɟɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɢɡɜɫɟɯɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɤɢɩɢ
Ɉɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɞɥɹ
ɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɨ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ/ɢɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢ1
ɱɬɨɛɵɫɧɢɡɢɬɶɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɨɧɬɭɪɚɁɚɬɟɦ
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ
ɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝɈɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɡɚɤɭɩɨɪɟɧɧɨɟ
ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɲɩɢɥɶɤɨɣɢɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɉɨɱɢ-
ɫɬɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɤɚɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɟɤ©Ɉɱɢɫɬɤɚ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɞɥɹɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟª
Ɉɱɟɧɶɦɟɥɤɢɣɩɨɦɨɥ
ɤɨɮɟɣɧɨɣɫɦɟɫɢ ɉɨɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɦɟɫɶɛɨɥɟɟɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɦɨɥɚ
Ʉɨɮɟɣɧɚɹɫɦɟɫɶɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɫɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧɚ ɇɟɬɚɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ
ȼɮɢɥɶɬɪɟɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɮɟ ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɦɟɧɶɲɟɤɨɮɟ
136
RU
ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕ ɉɊɂɑɂɇɕ ɋɉɈɋɈȻɕɍɋɌɊȺɇȿɇɂə
ȼɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɟɤɨɮɟɡɚɤɪɚɹ
ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɧɚɫɵɩɚɥɢɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɦɧɨɝɨɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɱɬɨɧɟ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨɩɪɢɠɚɬɶɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ
ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɟɝɨ
ɝɧɟɡɞɟ
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɝɧɟɡɞɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɝɭɛɤɨɣɊɢɫɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɧɚɫɵɩɚɜɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɮɟ
ɇɚɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɟɜɦɟɫɬɟ
ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ
ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɢɬɟɱɢɫɬɤɭɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɢɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɥɢɝɭɛɤɢɊɢɫ
Ɉɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɞɥɹ
ɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɨ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ/ɢɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢ1
ɱɬɨɛɵɫɧɢɡɢɬɶɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɨɧɬɭɪɚɁɚɬɟɦ
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ
ɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝɈɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɡɚɤɭɩɨɪɟɧɧɨɟ
ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɲɩɢɥɶɤɨɣɢɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɉɨɱɢ-
ɫɬɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɤɚɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɟɤ©Ɉɱɢɫɬɤɚ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɞɥɹɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟª
ɑɚɥɞɚɤɨɮɟɫɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɦ ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ/ɢɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢ1
ɱɬɨɛɵɫɧɢɡɢɬɶɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɨɧɬɭɪɚɁɚɬɟɦ
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ
ɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɢɬɟɨɱɢɫɬɤɭ
ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɢɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɥɢɝɭɛɤɢ
ɊɢɫɁɚɦɟɧɢɬɶɱɚɥɞɭɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟ
Ⱦɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɛɵɥ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɉɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɟɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɛɵɥɯɨɪɨɲɨɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɜɨɮɥɚɧɰɟɊɢɫ
ɉɨɞɚɱɚɤɨɮɟ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨ
Ɉɱɟɧɶɝɪɭɛɵɣɩɨɦɨɥ
ɤɨɮɟɣɧɨɣɫɦɟɫɢ Ⱦɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɟɟɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɢ
ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨɤɨɮɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɦɟɫɶ
ɛɨɥɟɟɬɨɧɤɨɝɨɩɨɦɨɥɚ
Ʉɨɮɟɣɧɚɹɫɦɟɫɶɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɫɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧɚ ɇɟɬɚɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ
ȼɮɢɥɶɬɪɟɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɮɟ Ⱦɨɛɚɜɶɬɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɛɨɥɶɲɟɤɨɮɟ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɩɨɞɚɟɬɩɚɪ ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɝ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢ
Ⱦɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶɩɨɤɚɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɚɪɚ
ɧɚɱɧɟɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɜɛɨɣɥɟɪɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɚɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
Ȼɚɤɩɭɫɬɨɣ ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɫɜɟɠɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɞɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ0$;Ɋɢɫ
Ȼɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ2ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɩɪɢɠɚɜɟɝɨ
ɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ
Ɉɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɚɪɚ
ɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɨ ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɣɢɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɤɢɩɢɜɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɢɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɊɢɫɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɤɚɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ
ɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɟ©Ɉɱɢɫɬɤɚɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵªȿɫɥɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɧɟɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɚ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɤɢɩɢ
137
RU
ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕ ɉɊɂɑɂɇɕ ɋɉɈɋɈȻɕɍɋɌɊȺɇȿɇɂə
ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɜɨɞɵɜ
ɝɧɟɡɞɟɢɜɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɛɚɤɚɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ
Ȼɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ2ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵɩɪɢɠɚɜɟɝɨ
ɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɢɡɞɚɟɬ
ɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɣɲɭɦɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟ
ȼɧɟɦɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɵɢɧɚɫɨɫɧɟ
ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɵɜɛɚɤɟ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣȿɫɥɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɛɚɤ
ɫɜɟɠɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ0$;
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵɤɧɨɩɨɤ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢɡɚɝɨɪɹɬɫɹ
ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɰɜɟɬɨɦ
Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɤɢɩɢ ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɤɢɩɢɫɦɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ
³ɍɞɚɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɤɢɩɢ´
Ⱦɚɬɚɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ61ZN\UDEFGHIJ
ɝɞɟZN±ɧɟɞɟɥɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
\U±ɝɨɞɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
DEFGHIJ±ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɈɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɧɢɡɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨ-
ɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɚɜɝɭɫɬɚɝɨɞɚ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜªɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨ-
ɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɞɟɤɚɛɪɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɌɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɪɵɧɤɨɜɫɬɪɚɧȿɋɢɊɨɫɫɢɢ
ȼaȽɰȼɬɄɥɚɫɫ,,3;
ɋɞɟɥɚɧɨɜɄɢɬɚɟ
ɂɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɈɈɈɊɭɆɟɬɚ
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɄɪɚɫɧɨɩɪɨɥɟɬɚɪɫɤɚɹɞɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɷɬɚɠɩɨɦɟ-
ɳɟɧɢɟ,,ɤɨɦɧɚɬɚ
ɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɄɪɚɫɧɨɩɪɨɥɟɬɚɪɫɤɚɹɞɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɷɬɚɠɩɨɦɟ-
ɳɟɧɢɟ,,ɤɨɦɧɚɬɚ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ'H¶/RQJKL$SSOLDQFHV6UO©ȾɟɥɨɧɝɢȺɩɩɥɚɟɧɫɢɫɋɊɅªȺɞɪɟɫɂɬɚɥɢɹɎɥɨɪɟɧɰɢɹ
ɄɚɦɩɢȻɢɡɟɧɰɢɨȼɢɚɋɄɭɢɪɢɤɨ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣɢɫɟɪɜɢɫ-
ɧɵɦɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɫɚɣɬɟKWWSZZZDULHWHQHWUXDVVLVWDQFH
Ƚɨɪɹɱɚɹɥɢɧɢɹ$ULHWH
Ɍɨɜɚɪɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟɢɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ-
ɥɟɧɨ
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɦɟɫɬɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɣɫɪɨɤɝɨɞɚɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
138
AR
ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ ﺔّﻴﻤﺤﻣو ،ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ
يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻠﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳاو صﺮﺤﺑ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ةءاﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
هﺬﻫ ﻖﻓرأ .ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌا ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻼﻟ ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا .راﴐﻷاو ثداﻮﺤﻟا عﻮﻗو ﻊﻨﳌ ،ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ
.ﻐﻠﻟ ﻪﺋاﺪﻫإ وأ ﻪﻌﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا زﻮﻣﺮﻟﺎﺑ ةﺰﻴﻤﻣ ،ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ةدراﻮﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ ﻒﻠﺘﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧأ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
دﻮﺼﻘﳌا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا
ﲆﻋ ةوﻼﻋ .ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺘﺑﺎﻜﻟاو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋﻹ (زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺳﺎﺑ ﲇﻳ ﻴﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ رﺎﺸُﳌا) ﻢﻜﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻢﻜﻨﻜ
ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻢﺗ .ﺔﻋﻮﻘﻨﳌا تﺎﺑوﴩﳌاو يﺎﺸﻟا ﻀﺤﺗ ﺎ ً
ﻀﻳأ ﻦﻜ ،ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﻞﻀﻔﺑ ،ﻚﻟذ
ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ .ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟا وأ يرﺎﺠﺘﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻏ ﻮﻬﻓ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،صﺎﺨﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ
.ﺎﻬﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ ﻲﺘﻟا ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ضاﺮﻏﻷ وأ ﺊﻃﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻧ يأ
.ﺎﻬﺘﻐﻴﺻ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻬﻣ ،نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﻖﺋﻻ ﻐﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا يدﺆﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز
ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا
ﴍﺎﺒﳌا ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺣ ﻦﻣ ،ةﴩﻨﻟا هﺬﻫ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻳ يﺬﻟا زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺸﻧﻹا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﳌا ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﻻ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا وأ رﺎﺨﺒﻠﻟ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻂﻘﻓ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻚﺴﻣا .ﻐﻟا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌاو رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻪّﺟﻮﺗ ﻻ -قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﺪﻌﳌا بﻮﺒﻧﻷا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ .ﻲﻃﺎﻄﳌا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ
.ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﻆﻔﺤﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ داﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﺔﻴﻋوأ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
نﺎﻣﻷا تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا صﺮﺤﺑ أﺮﻗا.
bez`2k˯z`pz8zrz`2kezʓ_˴M4ʘb le1p!`.ogf<
ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌا تﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟاو ﺐﺗﺎﻜﳌاو ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺘﻟا تﻼﺤﳌا ﻲﻔﻇﻮﳌ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﰲ -
عراﺰﳌا -
.(فﻮﻴﻀﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ) ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﻴﻨﻜﺳ تﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗو "ﺖﺳﺎﻔﻜﻳﺮﺑ ﺪﻧأ ﺪﻴﺑ"و لﺰﻨﻟاو قدﺎﻨﻔﻟاو -
Ua)e?0PʜrD(b]91p!`_˴M4lL!k`/ʌʜlLz`s5exMk=˯\ʁ`bf%ʘ
.ﺐﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻦﻋ
˼P+sɬ"k˯VzaQlL"k`EM`lfAʘzj!˯jz=`iʜza<ʜVzaQ`+sɬGU$ʘ&=kɅy
.ﺺّﺧﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﱃإ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻘﺋﻻ
139
AR
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﻻ ﻦﻳﺬﻠﻟا صﺎﺨﺷﻷا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ تاﻮﻨﺳ ٨lLgo/˴L,y2ly.`_UDʜbXle1p!`.o_˴M4l]˽
ﻢﻬﺘﻌﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ طﴍ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ وأ ةﱪﺧ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ وأ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟا وأ ﺔﻴ ّ
ﺴﺤﻟا وأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا ﻢﻫاﻮﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ نﻮﻜﻠ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷاو تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا اﻮﺒﻋﻮﺘﺳاو اﻮﻤﻠﺘﺳا اذإ وأ لوﺆﺴﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ فاﴍﻹاو
1p!`Ma`_UDʝ`#˴5`c,L!y
اﺬﻫ ﰲ ةدراﻮﻟا زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ تاﻮﻨﺳ ٨lebXgo/˴LRaly.`_UDʜcsYyʘ!y
.ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ فاﴍﻹا ﻢﺗ اذإ ﻻإ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟا
.تاﻮﻨﺳ ٨0fLlebXʜ_UDʜ_rkelLɀɧ+ly,zMɪ0p]`+,eʞb\r1p!`bM!gX
qAXlebUE`&f5yb]9 ɇ˲,ez0p]`y.Q`b\[ɰʘ
gpzaL0E(/,=eb]9pjʜ_UDʜ_rkeʓVzaQ`+se[ɰʘ
z0p]`y.Q`b\>X_ʙ(leq`˴M4Nke˱LbfM`!yɪpjb]91p!`.ole>a)`,kL
ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز
.ﻪﺑ ﺐﻌﻠﻟا
0E)`˰gp5Ujis@0Myrlei]eʓqky2)gXr_UDʜ_rkeʓVzIk`3s+[ɰʘ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
ZEɅy1p!`bU4Y=aɅ˯jz`XE˱L+,%Ʌ˯,p!`ile,\z0p]`]9`1p!`bz<sbX
.ﺔﻴﻠﺤﳌا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ صﺎﺨﻟا ﻚﻟذ
+s$r/ʌKsXr˰x+yil]feMj=`\ʁ`bXle=(ɇ0e˼Q`z0p]`ʙ<s`_˴M4
0p]`6YelL6Y`b=U`ɀYaEeq-1p!`r0p]`^a4%4c,L!y
˯i2)`bebXɪ0p]`/z`.(eleɪ0p]`+,eʞb\b=Tr1p!`bzQ9SYyɀɧ+gX
3ɱbELr,$˰^`-x+yil]˽˴a`0p]`js%9˯2 ʜ5eʙec,L!y
+%`2 ʝ` ɀ
5eʙeXE`^a4[0c,L!y
ɇ/%`#sE5a`z0p]`y.Q`b\5eʙec,LL0e!y
ɪ0p]`/z`.(elL_s=Ue6Y`rUEɅe1p!`rjz=`rVzIk`zafLNzf gi!y
t0(bs4ʓr˯ʓ1p!`6EQʘ
XE`^a46Xb=TrqazQ9SYy!yXs`le˼=XɰU`s`rc,)4ʘ,zX1p!`is]yʘe,kL
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺲﺒﻘﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺎًاد
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ ﻒﻠﺘﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧأ
qMT0`1p!`g5 ^5e
qz`_s<s`bp5yɪ0p\6YeNe Ƀ
S\b]9AerUzIjzʓ1p!`N@
i2)`b(+˯le,1zf\NAik!
z0p]`]9`qa<rkX0eir,1p!`[ɰʘ
0p]`6YelL6Y`b=U`ɀYaEeq-1p!`r0p]`^a4%4c,L!y
$0`r_˴M4ʘk0Y5e&E4˱L1p!`N@r!y
c,L!yqke˯ɇɻrqzaLVaeʙL/spHr?/ʜ˱LqDsY4`$ʓ1p!`_˴M4c,L!y
،حﻼﺻﻹا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ .ﺐﻴﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺗاذ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ وأ ،ﻒﻠﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا وأ ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻚﻠﺳ نﺎﻛ اذإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا
ﻦﻣ وأ Ariete ﺔﻛﴩﻟ ﻊﺑﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ
.ﺮﻄﺧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻟﻮﺨﻣ ءاﱪﺧ ﻞﺒﻗ
140
AR
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
Wɰ$ʙ`?ɇ0M`0E(^f5 le2 m!ZT,˯l(5`˯r/)`qɇ sʘ
ʓ5il]˽z$1p!`bzQ9kɰaU`be$r1p!a`z /)`zj,M˯2 ʜ6˯c,L!y
.قوﺮﺣ
{DE˯2!`E4sFYTl(5`˯Ϳ/)`Ny1ssj^5e
Vɇa)˯FQA`iʜFɰaU`be$,Mr^TɰaT+,4˰ɰaU`be$le˯r0(c,L+sMyil]˽
ةدﺪﺤﳌا ةﺮﻘﻔﻟا ﰲ ﺒﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ أﺪﺑا ،ﻚﻟذ ﺪﻨﻋ .ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ ﻖﺷر ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ
.ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
S r&E4˱L1p!`N@
)A˯Wɰ%,X`%`m.oʓqjz$mze+s rir,1p!`c,)5ʘ
1p!`Vay,X0(b4xr0U`rl(5`r/sU`˯c,)5ʘmz˯i2(bezafL0 ,kL
qa]zoValeTs(0%`pa`le0Y`rɀ, k(4#sE4˱L1p!`NAʘ
1p!`lek(5`2 ʜɪ0p]`b]`6eʙyʘi!y
/ʌ^`-Z%ayil]˽is%E˯ɭ`Sʙ)ɀ+se˾j!kTr,$ri!kT/,YespY`0ʙTʓɀ,b(,ʘ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﰲ ةﺒﻛ
ﺐﺒﺴﺘﺗو ﺪﻤﺠﺘﺗ ﺪﻗ ﺔﻳﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ هﺎﻴﳌا ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ نأ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد ٠lebX/0$ /+-zʓ1p!`[ɰʘ
.راﴐأ عﻮﻗو ﰲ
ZaE`sp`ʓkz\˯bfM5ʘ
6f9`r0E˯_˯bz4˱Lys!`besMa` ɀ
@0M Ʌe1p!`[0c,L!y
MEXE4sFYT1p!`VzIkgyi!yk(5`2 ʜ+ɫi,Mrɪ0p]`+,eʞ6Xb=T,M
.لﺎّﻛأ ﻏ ﺪﻳﺎﺤﻣ ﻒﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ تاﺮﻄﻗ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﻊﻣ ﺔﺒﻃرو ﺔﻄﺷﺎﻛ ﻏ شﻗ
^z4ʙ`/ʍ`Z%a{`y.˯ɀ,c,)5ʘ
VzIk`rc,)4ʙ`za(+2 , sʘ1p!` ɇ
^Uʘ
˴zaM`m.pɧ+JU$
141
AR
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ - L ﻊﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ١ ـﻟ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز - A
( )
ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﺿ ةرﺎﺷإ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ - M
ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ - N ﻊﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢ ـﻟ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز - B
( )
ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﺿ ةرﺎﺷإ
ءﺎﳌا ناﺰﺧ - O
هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ءﺎﻄﻏ - P
( )
ءﴤﻣ ﴍﺆ دوﺰﻣ رﺎﺨﺑ رز - C
ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا سﻮﺑد - Q ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷ ّﺮﻘﻣ - D
ﻂﻐﺿ ةادأ - R ﺐﺤﺴﻠﻟ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻚﺒﺷ - E
ﺔﻟﻮﺴﺒﻜﻟا ﱰﻠﻓ - S تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ - F
نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ١ ﱰﻠﻓ - T ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا دﺎﻨﺳﻹ ﺔﻜﺒﺷ - G
نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢ ﱰﻠﻓ - U لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز - H
ﻄﻘﺘﻟا صﺮﻗ - V ﻢﺋﺎﻋ - I
ﱰﻠﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ - W زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻜﻴﻫ - J
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺮﻄﻘﻣ صﺮﻗ ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺗ ﻲﻏﺮﺑ - X ﺪﻌﻣ بﻮﺒﻧأ - K
ﺔﻴﻨﻓ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
:زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﻳﻮﻫ دﺪﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻳدﺎﻨﺘﺳﻹا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻠﻟا يﻮﺘﺤﺗ
CEeʙM`rNj=`
by+se
(SNLsf!˯gX/
6˼o++ɰ`r`sTz0p]`y.Q`ɇzEaT
Cr ɇ
=f˯z0p]`/,Y`
jz=`ryL0`g5XVogX/
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﻗرو ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا ﺮﻛذ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﺰﻛﺮ لﺎﺼﺗﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
.تﺎّﺒﻛﺮﳌا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ دﻮﺟو ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗو ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ ﺪﻌﺑأ
.ّﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣو ِﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ
،ﺔﻟازﻺﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟاو ،تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣو ،ﺔﻟﻮﺴﺒﻜﻟا ﱰﻠﻓو ،ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻓو نﺎﺠﻨﻓ راﺪﻘﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟاو ،ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺴﻏا
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣو
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا رﺎﻴﺘﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ﻦﻋ لﻮﺼﻔﻣو ﺄﻔﻄُﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ ،ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺘﻟا ﰲ ءﺪﺒﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ
ﺔﻳﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا
.(2 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (F) تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ ﲆﻋ (E) ﺔﻟازﻺﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ ١
.(3 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﰲ (F) تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ ﻞﺧدأ ٢
.(4 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ (O) هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﺔﻟازﺈﺑ ﻢﻗ ٣
142
AR
.(5 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (P) هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ءﺎﻄﻏ ﺢﺘﻓا ٤
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ءﻞﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا رﺎﻴﺘﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا داﺪﻣﻹا ﻞﺑﺎﻛ ﻞﺼﻓاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ فﺎﻘﻳﺈﺑ ﺎًاد ﻢﻗ
.ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻌﺼﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﰲ ﻪﻟﺎﺧدإ ﺪﻨﻋ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻸ ﻻ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻒﻠﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺮﺧآ ﻞﺋﺎﺳ يأ وأ ،ﺮﺗﺎﻔﻟا وأ ،ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا وأ ،راﻮﻔﻟا ءﺎﳌا مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ ،هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ءﻞﻣ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءاﺮﺟإ ﺪﻨﻋ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
.(6 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ﴡﻗﻷا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﱃإ درﺎﺑ بﺬﻋ ءﺎ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻸﻣا ٥
.ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﻳ ىﻮﺘﺴ ناﺰﺨﻟا ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻸ ﻻ
.(5 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (P) هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ءﺎﻄﻏ ﻖﻠﻏأ ٦
.(7 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) هﺪﻌﻘﻣ ﰲ (O) هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻞﺧدأ ٧
.ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻰﺘﺣ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا نﻀﻟ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا مﻮﻘﻳ ﻻ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻻإو ناﺰﺨﻠﻟ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا لﺎﺧدﻹا ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ تﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﻞﺒﻗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨّﻔﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻳوﺎﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻓ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.(8 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا رﺎﻴﺘﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدا ١
.ﱰﻠﻓ يأ لﺎﺧدإ نوﺪﺑ هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷا ٢
.(9 ﻞﻜﺷ) (H) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ٣
ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺼﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .
( )
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا رزو ،
( )
نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢و ،
( )
نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ١ جاﺮﺧإ رارزأ تاﴍﺆﻣ ﺾﻣﻮﺗ ٤
.ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
( )
و
( )
و
( )
رارزﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا تارﺎﺷﻹا ﻞﻌﺸﺗ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋﻹ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد
.ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ﺮﺋاوﺪﻠﻟ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ةرود ءاﺮﺟﺈﺑ ﻢﻗ ،ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ
.(10 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻞﻣ ٥٠٠ ﺔﻌﺳ ﺔﻳوﺎﺣ ﻊﺿ -
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا جﺮﺨﻳ نأ ﱃإ جاﺮﺧﻹا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ أﺪﺑا .(11 ﻞﻜﺷ)
( )
نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢ ـﻟ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
.(12 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﺖﺤﺗ ًءﺎﻋو ﻊﺿ ،ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﰲ -
أﺪﺑا .(13 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ،
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رﺎﺨﺒﻟا/ءﺎﳌا ﻊﺿو ﱃإ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ردأ -
ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ﺪﻋأ .ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻦﻣ جﺮﺨﻳ ءﺎﳌا ىﺮﺗ نأ ﱃإ ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ فﺎﻘﻳﻹ
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ﻊﺿﻮﻟا ﱃإ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ
.ناّﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ذﺎﻔﻧ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ
.ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا مﺪﻋ ﻦﻣ مﺎﻳأ ةﺪﻋ ﺪﻌﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻢﺘﻳ ةﺮﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا هﺬﻫ رﺮﻛ :ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ
٢و ،( ) نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ١ جاﺮﺧإ رارزأ تاﴍﺆﻣ ﺾﻣﻮﺗ .يﻮﻗ ﺞﻴﺠﻀﺑو زاﺰﺘﻫﺎﺑ سﺎﺴﺣﻹا ﻢﺘﻳ ،ءﺎﻣ نوﺪﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻲﻘﺑ اذإ
."لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﳌا ناّﺰﺧ ﺊﻠﻣ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﻊﺟار ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ةدﺎﻋﻹ .( ) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا رزو ،
(
) نﺎﺠﻨﻓ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋﻹ ﺰﻫﺎﺟ نﻵا زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺢﺒﺻأ
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AR
ﱰﻠﻔﻟا دﺎﻌﺑإ
ﻊﺟار ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا دﺎﻌﺑإ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ فﺮﻌﺗ ﻟ .ﻞﻌﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﺧدإ ﻢﺗ ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻓ راﺪﻘﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻳوﺰﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ :ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ
.هدﺎﻌﺑإ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﺻﻷا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻊﻓر ًﺎﻀﻳا ﻦﻜ .رﻮﺼﻟا
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ
.(4 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ (O) هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﺔﻟازﺈﺑ ﻢﻗ ١
.(5 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (P) هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ءﺎﻄﻏ ﺢﺘﻓا ٢
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ءﻞﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا رﺎﻴﺘﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا داﺪﻣﻹا ﻞﺑﺎﻛ ﻞﺼﻓاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ فﺎﻘﻳﺈﺑ ﺎًاد ﻢﻗ
.ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻌﺼﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﰲ ﻪﻟﺎﺧدإ ﺪﻨﻋ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻸ ﻻ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻒﻠﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺮﺧآ ﻞﺋﺎﺳ يأ وأ ،ﺮﺗﺎﻔﻟا وأ ،ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا وأ ،راﻮﻔﻟا ءﺎﳌا مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ ،هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ءﻞﻣ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءاﺮﺟإ ﺪﻨﻋ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
.(6 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ﴡﻗﻷا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﱃإ درﺎﺑ بﺬﻋ ءﺎ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻸﻣا ٣
.ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﻳ ىﻮﺘﺴ ناﺰﺨﻟا ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻸ ﻻ
.(5 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (P) هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ءﺎﻄﻏ ﻖﻠﻏأ ٤
.(7 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) هﺪﻌﻘﻣ ﰲ (O) هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻞﺧدأ ٥
.ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻰﺘﺣ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا نﻀﻟ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا مﻮﻘﻳ ﻻ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻻإو ناﺰﺨﻠﻟ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا لﺎﺧدﻹا ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
ﻢﻗ .(14 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ﻪﻠﺧدأو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻔﻟ (U) و نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ﺪﺣاﻮﻟ (T) بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا رﺎﺘﺧا ٦
.(15 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (R) ﺺﺼﺨُﳌا كﺪﳌا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ اًﺪﻴﺟ نﻮﺤﻄﳌا ﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿاو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ةﺮﻳﺎﻌ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
وأ/و ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ّ
ﻒﻟ ﰲ ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ بﴪﺘﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ
ﻊﻣ ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ةاذﺎﺤﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺘﻟا ﻊﻣ ﻪﺘﻴﺒﻣ ﰲ (W) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻞﺧدأ ٧
.(16 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﲆﻋ دﻮﺟﻮﳌا
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ﺰﻣﺮﻟا
.
( )
ﺰﻣﺮﻟا ﻊﻣ ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ةاذﺎﺤﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﱃإ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺮﻳوﺪﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ ٨
.(17 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﺸﻨﻠﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺖﻜﺒﺷ ﻚﻧأ ﻦﻣ ﻖّﻘﺤﺗ
ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا نﺎﺠﻨﻔﻟا رﺎﺘﺧا
:ﻖﺣﻼﻟا لوﺪﺠﻟا ﲆﻋ ءﺎﻨﺑ نﺎﺠﻨﻔﻟا رﺎﺘﺧا ،بﻮﻠﻄﳌا بوﴩﳌا داﺪﻋإ ﻞﺒﻗ
ﻞﻣ ٣٠ ﱄاﻮﺣ
ﻞﻣ ٦٠ ﱄاﻮﺣ دﺮﻔﻣ
جودﺰﻣ ﻮﺴﻳﱪﺳﻹا ةﻮﻬﻗ
.ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻛ ﻛأ وأ ﺔﻔﻋﺎﻀُﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ جاﺮﺧﻹ وأ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻓ جاﺮﺧﻹ ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻓ راﺪﻘﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ
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نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢ وأ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ١ ـﻟ عّزﻮﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻂﺒﺿ
.(ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ةّﺪﻣ) نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢ وأ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ١ ـﻟ عّزﻮﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻂﺒﺿ ﻦﻜ
ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺜﳌا ﺔﻬﻜﻨﻟا ﲆﻋ رﻮﺜﻌﻠﻟ رﺎﻴﻌﳌا اﺬﻫ ﻴﻐﺗ لوﺎﺣ .ﻢﻳﺮﻜﻟا ﺔّﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﲆﻋو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻬﻜﻧ ةﻮﻗ ﲆﻋ عّزﻮﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ
.ﻚﺗﻮﻬﻘﻟ
. ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢ وأ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ١ ـﻟ عّزﻮﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ :ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ
ةﺪﳌا .ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ةﺪﳌا ﺔﻠﻴﻃ
( )
ّرﺰﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺎﺑ ّﺮﻤﺘﺳاو ﻂﻐﺿا ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ١ ـﻟ ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻂﺒﻀﻟ
ﻂﻐﺿا ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢ ـﻟ ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻂﺒﻀﻟ .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ١ ـﻟ ةﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻂﺒﻀﺗ ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻨﳌا
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢ ـﻟ ةﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻨﳌا ةﺪﳌا ﻂﺒﻀﺗ .ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ةﺪﳌا ﺔﻠﻴﻃ
( )
ّرﺰﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺎﺑ ّﺮﻤﺘﺳاو
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ
.(19-18 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (E) ﺔﻟازﻺﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻓ وأ ﺎًﻧﺎﺠﻨﻓ ﻊﺿ ١
.(9 ﻞﻜﺷ) (H) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ٢
ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺼﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .
( )
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا رزو ،
( )
نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢و ،
( )
نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ١ جاﺮﺧإ رارزأ تاﴍﺆﻣ ﺾﻣﻮﺗ
.ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
( )
و
( )
و
( )
رارزﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا تارﺎﺷﻹا ﻞﻌﺸﺗ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋﻹ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا
مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺒﻟ هﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﻪﺋﺎﻘﺑإو ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺨﺴﺘﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ﻦﺧﺎﺳ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ لوأ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
.ﺔﻘﺣﻼﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺟﺎﻨﻓ داﺪﻋإ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻚﻟذ ﱃإ جﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﻻ .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋﺈﺑ
ﻂﻐﺿا وأ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ١ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ
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ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ٣
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ
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ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻐﺿا ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻲﻬﺘﻨﻳ نأ ﻞﺒﻗ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ فﺎﻘﻳﻹ ٤
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.طﻮﻐﻀﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺒﺗ ﻻ ،ﺔّﻴﻨﻬﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا تﺎﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ راﺮﻏ ﲆﻋ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ءﻂﺒﺑ ﻪّﻔﻟ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ دﺎﻌﺑﻹ ;ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺐﺤﺳ ﻞﺒﻗ اﻮﺛ ةﴩﻋ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا وأ ءﺎﳌا شر ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ رﺎﺴﻴﻟا ﻮﺤﻧ ﻤﻴﻟا ﻦﻣ
.ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ةﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟا هﺬﻫ رﺎﺒﺘﻋاو ﻖﻠﻘﻟا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻴﻓ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ رﺎﻈﺘﻧﻻا ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ءﺎﻨﺛأ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ جﺮﺧ اذإ
.ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ءﻮﻀﺑ
( )
و ،
( )
و ،
( )
رارزﻷا تاﴍﺆﻣ ءﴤﺗ ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻨﻋ
.(9 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ فﺎﻘﻳﻹ (H) ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا رز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ٥
صﺮﻘﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ
.(S) صاﺮﻗﻷﺎﺑ صﺎﺨﻟا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا (W) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻞﺧاد ﻊﺿ
.(20 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد صﺮﻘﻟا ﻊﺿ ١
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺘﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا صﺮﻗ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﻞﺧاﺪﻟا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻊﺑﺎﺻﻷﺎﺑ صﺮﻘﻟا ﻊﻓدا ٢
ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻟﻮﺴﺒﻜﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺟرﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻴﻗرﻮﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻲﻄﺑ ﻢﻗ ،ﻞﻤﺘﺤﳌا هﺎﻴﳌا بﴪﺗ ﺐﻨﺠﺘﻟ ٣
.(21 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺎﻬﻟﺎﺧدإو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ جﺮﺨﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ
.هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ لﺎﺧدإ نﻵا ﻦﻜ
ﻊﻣ ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ةاذﺎﺤﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺘﻟا ﻊﻣ ﻪﺘﻴﺒﻣ ﰲ (W) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻞﺧدأ ٤
.(16 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﲆﻋ دﻮﺟﻮﳌا
( )
ﺰﻣﺮﻟا
.
( )
ﺰﻣﺮﻟا ﻊﻣ ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ةاذﺎﺤﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﱃإ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺮﻳوﺪﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ ٥
،هدﺎﻌﺑإ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻟو .ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷ ّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ صﺮﻘﻟا ّ
ﻌﺘﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ دﺎﻌﺑإ ﺪﻨﻋو ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﺪﻌﺑ ٦
.(22 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﲆﻋ صﺮﻘﻟا طﻮﺒﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﻞﻜﺸﺑو ﻞﻜﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺒﻣ ﻮﻫ ﻛ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻲﻨﺣأ
.E.S.E ﻊﻣ ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ ﺔﻣﻼﻋ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻟﻮﺴﺒﻜﻟا ءاﴍ ﱃإ جﺎﺘﺤﺗ ،ﺎًاد ةزﺎﺘﻤﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
نأ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻦﻜ ،ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ دوﺪﺸﻣ ﻏ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ نﺎﻛ اذإ وأ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ﻏ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا صﺮﻗ نﺎﻛ اذإ
.ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ تاﺮﻄﻗ بﴪﺘﺗ
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ةﻮﻬﻘﻠﻟ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ةﻮﻏر ﻀﺤﺗ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ
.(23 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (E) ﺔﻟازﻺﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺎًﻧﺎﺠﻨﻓ ﻊﺿ ١
.ﺒﻛ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻚﻨﻜ ،ﻚﻟذ ﰲ ﺖﺒﻏر اذإ
.(24 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (F) تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣو (E) ﺔﻟازﻺﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔﻟازﺈﺑ ﻢﻗ -
.(25 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (G) ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﺤﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﲆﻋ نﺎﺠﻨﻔﻟا ﻊﺿ -
.(26 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻀﺤﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ ٢
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ .ﻲﻃﺎﻄﳌا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻚﺴﻣا .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﺪﻌﳌا بﻮﺒﻧﻷا
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻦﻣ بﴪﺘﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ يﺬﻟا رﺎﺨﺒﻟاو ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺮﺛﺎﻨﺗ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ قوﺮﺤﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.(27 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (F) تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ ﻮﺤﻧ (L) ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا / رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻪﺟو ٣
رز ﴍﺆﻣ ءﴤﻳ نأ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﺾﻴﻣﻮﻟا ﰲ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا رز ﴍﺆﻣ ءﻮﺿ أﺪﺒﻴﺳ .
( )
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ٤
.رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟ ﻞﺜﻣﻷا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﱃإ ﺖﻠﺻو ﺪﻗ ﺔﻳﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد نأ ﱃإ ﺸﻴﻟ ،تﺎﺒﺜﺑ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا
.(L) ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻘﻔﺧ داﺮﳌا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻊﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻊﺿ ٥
.(28 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﺑإ ﰲ ﻖﻤﻌﺑ (L) ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﺮﻤﻏا ٦
.رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ فﻮﺳ .(13 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ،
( )
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا/ءﺎﳌا ﻊﺿو ﱃإ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ردأ ٧
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻦﻣ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جﺮﺨﻳ ﻨﻴﺑ هﺮﻳوﺪﺘﺑ ﻢﻗو ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﺑإ كﺮﺣ ٨
.(29 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﰲ ةﻮﻏﺮﻟا رﻮﻬﻇ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺎًﻗﻮﻔﺨﻣ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ
.رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ فﺎﻘﻳﻹ
( )
ﻊﺿﻮﻟا ﱃإ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ﺪﻋأ ٩
.ﺐﻴﻠﺣ ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ يأ ﻦﻣ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﰲ ةدﻮﺟﻮﳌا ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟ ناﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺒﻟ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا عزو ،ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻞﻛ ﺪﻌﺑ
.ﺪﻌﳌا بﻮﺒﻧﻷاو ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﰲ ةدﻮﺟﻮﳌا ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﺔﻄﺷﺎﻛ ﻏو ﺔﻠﻠﺒُﻣ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ مﺪﺨﺘﺳا
.ﺎًﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺪﻌُﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ﰲ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ةﻮﻏر ﺐﻜﺳا ١٠
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋﻹ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا
.دﱪﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﺮﺗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ رﻮﻓ ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﻀﺤﺘﻟ
.(12 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﺖﺤﺗ ًءﺎﻋو ﻊﺿ ١
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ فﻮﺳ .(13 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ،
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رﺎﺨﺒﻟا/ءﺎﳌا ﻊﺿو ﱃإ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ردأ ٢
داﺪﻣإ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻳ ،ﲆﺜﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺼﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .ﱪﻛأ ﺔﻋﴪﺑ دﱪﻳ نﺄﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺢﻤﺴﻴﺳ
.ﺎًﻴﺋﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ فﺎﻘﻳﻹ
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ﻊﺿﻮﻟا ﱃإ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ﺪﻋأ ٣
.ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﻟ اًﺰﻫﺎﺟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺢﺒﺼﻳو
ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ .ﻲﻃﺎﻄﳌا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻚﺴﻣا .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﺪﻌﳌا بﻮﺒﻧﻷا
ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻦﻣ بﴪﺘﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ يﺬﻟا رﺎﺨﺒﻟاو ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺮﺛﺎﻨﺗ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ قوﺮﺤﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا
.(23 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (E) ﺔﻟازﻺﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺎًﻧﺎﺠﻨﻓ ﻊﺿ ١
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ فﻮﺳ .(13 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ،
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رﺎﺨﺒﻟا/ءﺎﳌا ﻊﺿو ﱃإ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ردأ ٢
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ فﺎﻘﻳﻹ
( )
ﻊﺿﻮﻟا ﱃإ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ﺪﻋأ ٣
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ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻄﻳﻹا ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟا ﲆﻋ "سﱪﺴﻛﻹا" ةﻮﻬﻗ داﺪﻋﻹ ةﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻧ
وأ ﺔﻠﻴﻘﺛ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ .ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ
ﻂﺒﻬﺗ ﻟ اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺑ ﱃإ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا جﺎﺘﺤﺗ .ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﲆﻋو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﺤﻃ ﺔﺟرد ﲆﻋ (ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ
.ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻃﻮﻐﻀﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا وأ اﺪﺟ ﻢﻋﺎﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا نأ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ اﺬﻬﻓ ،ةﺪﳌا هﺬﻫ تداز اذإو .ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد
ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ءﻞﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا رﺎﻴﺘﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا داﺪﻣﻹا ﻞﺑﺎﻛ ﻞﺼﻓاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ فﺎﻘﻳﺈﺑ ﺎًاد ﻢﻗ
.ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻌﺼﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﰲ ﻪﻟﺎﺧدإ ﺪﻨﻋ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻸ ﻻ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻒﻠﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺮﺧآ ﻞﺋﺎﺳ يأ وأ ،ﺮﺗﺎﻔﻟا وأ ،ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا وأ ،راﻮﻔﻟا ءﺎﳌا مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ ،هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ءﻞﻣ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءاﺮﺟإ ﺪﻨﻋ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
.ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺺﺤﻔﺑ ﺎًاد ﴅﻮﻳ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا رﺎﻴﺘﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺊﻔﻃأ ١
.(4 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ (O) هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﺔﻟازﺈﺑ ﻢﻗ ٢
.(5 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (P) هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ءﺎﻄﻏ ﺢﺘﻓا ٣
.(6 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ﴡﻗﻷا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﱃإ درﺎﺑ بﺬﻋ ءﺎ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻸﻣا ٤
.ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﻳ ىﻮﺘﺴ ناﺰﺨﻟا ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻸ ﻻ
.(5 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (P) هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ءﺎﻄﻏ ﻖﻠﻏأ ٥
.(7 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) هﺪﻌﻘﻣ ﰲ (O) هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻞﺧدأ ٦
.ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻰﺘﺣ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا نﻀﻟ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا مﻮﻘﻳ ﻻ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻻإو ناﺰﺨﻠﻟ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا لﺎﺧدﻹا ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
ϪϳΑϧΗ
ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻦﻣ بﴪﺘﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ يﺬﻟا رﺎﺨﺒﻟاو ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺮﺛﺎﻨﺗ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ قوﺮﺤﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا
:ﲇﻳ ﺎﻣ عﺎﺒﺗإ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﺧدإ ةدﺎﻋإو ناﺰﺨﻟا ءﻞﻣ ﺪﻌﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻀﺤﺗ مﺪﻋ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا راﺮﻤﺘﺳا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.(12 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﺖﺤﺗ ًءﺎﻋو ﻊﺿ -
.(٩ ﻞﻜﺷ) (H) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
ىﺮﺗ نأ ﱃإ ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ أﺪﺑا .(١٣ ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ،( ) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا/ءﺎﳌا ﻊﺿو ﱃإ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ردأ -
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻦﻣ جﺮﺨﻳ ءﺎﳌا
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ فﺎﻘﻳﻹ ( ) ﻊﺿﻮﻟا ﱃإ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ﺪﻋأ -
اﺬﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو
مﺪﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد ٣٠ ﺪﻌﺑ .ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟا كﻼﻬﺘﺳا نﺄﺸﺑ ةﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟا ﺢﺋاﻮﻠﻟ ﺎًﻘﻓو ﺎﻘﻠﺗ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ فﺎﻘﻳإ مﺎﻈﻨﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﻢﺗ
ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .(H) ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا رز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺎﺑ ىﺮﺧأ ةﺮﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ مﺰﻠﻴﺳ ،ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﻀﺤﺘﻟ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺊﻔﻄﻨﻴﺳ ،ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
( )
و
( )
و
( )
رارزﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا تارﺎﺷﻹا ﻞﻌﺸﺗ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋﻹ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺼﻳ
.ﺖﺑﺎﺛ
147
AR
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺮﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻄﻳو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةءﺎﻔﻛ ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻈﺘﻨﳌا ﻲﻣﻮﻴﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺢﻤﺴﻳ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا رﺎﻴﺘﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ﻦﻋ لﻮﺼﻔﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟاو ﺄﻔﻄُﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟاو ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا دﱪﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ءاﺮﺟإ ﺐﺠﻳ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﴍﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻣ ءﺎﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﺴﻐﺗ ﻻ
.ﺔﻳذﻻﻮﻔﻟا حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﻒﻠﺗو شﺪﺨﻟا ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﻣ تاودأ وأ ﻪﻛﺎﺣ تﺎﻔﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا تاﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
،نﻮﺤﻄﳌا ﻟا نوﺪﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﺧدإ ﻢﺗ يﺬﻟا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﲇﻐﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ .ةدوﺪﺴﻣ ﻏ تﺎﺤﺘﻔﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ
.ىﺮﺧأ ﺐﺋاﻮﺷ وأ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ يأ ﺔﻟازإ وأ ﺔﺑاذﻹ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ ﻖﺷر ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ﻒّﻠﺨﺘﳌا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا نﻷ ،ءﻂﺒﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأو ﻚﻓ
:ﱄﺎﺘﻟا ﻮﺤﻨﻟا ﲆﻋ ،قﻮﺴﻟا ﰲ ﺔﺣﺎﺘﳌا ﺮﺗﻼﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ صاﺮﻗأ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ،ﺮﻬﺷأ ٣ ﱄاﻮﺣ ﻞﻛ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻌﺑ ﺮﺗﻼﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ ﴅﻮﻳ
spXir,ɰaU`ʓ0ʙU`VzIk;0Xb(+
q,LXʓɰaU`be$^8
.ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ءﺪﺒﻟ
( )
ةﻮﻬﻗ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢/1˱LFQ@
.ﺔﻘﻴﻗد ١٥,˯bLUz`;0Y`[0
Ny1s`SYyʞt0(0espY`/1˱LFQ@
.ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ تارود ٥,˯zafM`/0\,\0ʗ`YzX+,$r0Ij˯Ny1szafL,L
ɰaU`be$leɰaU`0)4riɰXʘN@seleɰaU`be$`1gX
.يرﺎﺠﻟا رﻮﺒﻨﺼﻟا ءﺎﻣ ﺖﺤﺗ تﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻒﻄﺷاو
ɪ0p]`/z`.(elL6Y`b=Tr1p!`UD
.(30b]9`VIkeyYx`1ʞfLj!kU4za(,`2 ʜVIj
.تاﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻟ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ
.ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻬﺷأ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﻞﻛ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءاﺮﺟﺈﺑ ﴅﻮﻳ ،ﺎًﻴﻣﻮﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷ ّﺮﻘﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ ﻚﻟذ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ .هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ كﻮﺒﺸﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﻛﱰﺗ ﻻ
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا
لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫدﺎﻌﺑإ ﺐﺠﻳ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻚﺒﺸﻳ يﺬﻟا ّﺮﻘﳌا ﰲ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺜﺣ ﻒﻠﺨﺘﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﻣ
.(31 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷ نوﺪﺑ يﺮﺠﻳ ءﺎﳌا كﺮﺗ وأ ( 30 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺞﻨﻔﺳإ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣو نﺎﻨﺳﻷا ﺶﻜﻧ دﻮﻋ لﻌﺘﺳا
.ةﻮﻬﻗ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ٢٠٠ ﻞﻛ ﺎًﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ناﱰﻗا ﺖﻴﺒﳌ ﻒﻄﺸﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءاﺮﺟإ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﱰﻣ ٥٠٠ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ فﻮﺳ .ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ءﺪﺒﻟ
( )
ةﻮﻬﻗ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢ رز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
.ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ
148
AR
ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.قوﺮﺤﻟا ﺐﻨﺠﺘﻟ اًدرﺎﺑ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا هﺬﻫ ءاﺮﺟﺈﺑ ﻢﻗ
.ﺔﻴﺟرﺎﺧ ﺐﻴﻠﺣ ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ يأ ﺔﻟازﻹ ﺔﻠﻠﺒﻣ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻘﺑ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ ،ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻞﻛ ﺪﻌﺑ
:ﲇﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺧاد ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ يأ ﺔﻟازﻹ
.ناﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺒﻟ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ .(13 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ،
( )
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا/ءﺎﳌا ﻊﺿو ﱃإ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ردأ ١
.رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ فﺎﻘﻳﻹ
( )
ﻊﺿﻮﻟا ﱃإ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ﺪﻋأ ٢
.(9 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ فﺎﻘﻳﻹ (H) ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا رز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ٣
.مﺎﻈﺘﻧﺎﺑ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ تﺎﻧﻮﻜﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ
ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻃﺎﻄﳌا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﺔﻟازﺈﺑ ﻢﻗو (32 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ﺪﻌﳌا بﻮﺒﻧﻷا ﺔﻟازﺈﺑ ﻢﻗ -
.ﺔﻄﺷﺎﻛ ﻏ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻘﺑ ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻦﻜ .ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﻟا هﺎﻴﳌﺎﺑ ﻞﺴﻏا .ﻞﻔﺳﻷ ﻪﻜﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ
اذإ .ﲆﻋﻷ ﻪﻌﻓد ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﻲﻃﺎﻄﳌا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﻞﺧدأ .رﺎﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﰲ (K) ﺪﻌﳌا بﻮﺒﻧﻷا ﺖّﺒﺛ -
.(Q) سﻮﺑﺪﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ (33 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جاﺮﺧإ ﺔﺤﺘﻓ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺪﻋأ ،ﺮﻣﻷا مﺰﻟ
هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻠﻠﺒُﻣ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ وأ ﺞﻨﻔﺳإ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ يرود ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻞﺧاﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻄﺷﺎﻜﻟا تﺎﻔﻈﻨﳌا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻜﻴﻫ فﻼﺗإ ﺐﻨﺠﺘﻟ ﺔﻄﺷﺎﻛ ﻏو ﺔﻠﻠﺒُﻣ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺘﺑﺎﺜﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒﻈﻧ
تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣو ﺔﻟازﻺﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا رﺎﻴﺘﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ﻦﻋ لﻮﺼﻔﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟاو ﺄﻔﻄُﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﺐﺠﻳ
.(F) ﺮﺧﻵ ﺖﻗو ﻦﻣ تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ غاﺮﻓإ
ضﻮﺣ نأ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ اﺬﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻟازﻺﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺎﻌﻟا ةﺪﺣﻮﻟا جﺮﺨﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .(I) ﻢﺋﺎﻌﺑ دّوﺰﻣ تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ
.ﻪﻏاﺮﻓإ ﺐﺠﻳو ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺊﻠﻣ تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ
.(3 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (F) تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ ﺔﻟازﺈﺑ ﻢﻗ ١
.(2 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (E) ﺔﻟازﻺﻟ ﺔﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔﻟازﺈﺑ ﻢﻗ ٢
.ضﻮﺤﻟا ﰲ (F) تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ ﻎﻳﺮﻔﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ ٣
.درﺎﺑ ءﺎ ﺔﻟازﻺﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟاو تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ ﻞﺴﻏا ٤
.ﺔّﻓﺎﺟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻒّﻔﺟ ٥
.(2 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) (F) تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ ﲆﻋ (E) ﺔﻟازﻺﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ ٦
.(3 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﰲ (F) تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ ﻞﺧدأ ٧
ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻌﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺑ حﴫﳌا ﻏ تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ هﻏ وأ ﻞﺨﻟا مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻦﻣ بﴪﺘﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ يﺬﻟا رﺎﺨﺒﻟاو ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺮﺛﺎﻨﺗ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ قوﺮﺤﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا
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ﻦﻣ ﺒﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺪﺤﻳ ﻣ ،لﻮﻃأ ةﱰﻔﻟ لﺎﻌﻓ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ نﺎﻈﻓﺎﺤﻳو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﻈﺘﻨﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟاو ةﺪﻴﺠﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﻲﻤﺤﺗ
ءﻠﻟ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﳌا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺐﺴﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﺮﺛﺄﺗ اذإ ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ ﺮﻃﺎﺨﻣ
ﺔﻟازإ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺴﻌﻟا
ﺞﺘﻨﻣ ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .ﻚﻳﱰﺴﻟا ﺾﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ نّﻮﻜﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻠﻟ ﻞﻳﺰﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﻣ ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .ﻞﻠﺨﻟا
.ﺔﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻟﻮﻬﺴﺑ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا اﺬﻫ ﲆﻋ رﻮﺜﻌﻟا ﻦﻜ .ﻚﻳﱰﺴﻟا ﺾﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ نّﻮﻜﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻠﻟ ﻞﻳﺰﻣ
لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟاو زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا تﺎﺒّﻛﺮﳌﺎﺑ ﻖﺤﻠﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟوﺆﺴﻣ يأ ﺔﻌّﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ
.ﺔﻳوﻴﻛ تﺎﻓﺎﻀﻣ دﻮﺟﻮﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻏ تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ
تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﻊﺒﺗا .ﺮﻤﺣﻷا نﻮﻠﻟﺎﺑ
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و ،
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و ،
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رارزﻷا تاﴍﺆﻣ ءﴤﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺐﻠﻄﺘﻳ
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا رﺎﻴﺘﻟا ﺲﺒﻘﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓ ﺐﺠﻳ .(9 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ فﺎﻘﻳﻹ (H) ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا رز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
. ﻪﻴﻓ كﻮﺒﺸﳌا ّﺮﻘﳌا ﻦﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأ -
.هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﺞﺘﻨﻣ ﻒﺿأ .ﴡﻗﻷا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﱃإ درﺎﺑ بﺬﻋ ءﺎ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻸﻣا -
.ناّﺰﺨﻟا ءﺎﻣ ءاﻮﺘﺣﻻ ﰲﺎﻛو ﺒﻛ ءﺎﻋو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷ ّﺮﻘﻣ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻊﺿ -
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻮﺤﻧ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻪﺟو
.ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ءﻮﻀﺑ
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و ،
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و ،
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رارزﻷا تاﴍﺆﻣ ءﺎﻀﺗ نأ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .(9 ﻞﻜﺷ) (H) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
أﺪﺒﻳ .ﺎًﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ٍناﻮﺛ ٤-٣ ةﺪﳌ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا رزو ،ةﻮﻬﻗ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢ رزو ،ةﻮﻬﻗ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ١ رز ﲆﻋ ﻦﻣاﺰﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻂﻐﺿا -
/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻟا ﰲ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﰲ دﻮﺟﻮﳌا لﻮﻠﺤﳌا أﺪﺒﻳو تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
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رﺎﺨﺒﻟا رزو ،
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نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢و ،
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نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ١ جاﺮﺧإ رارزأ تاﴍﺆﻣ ﺾﻣﻮﺗ .ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ةﺮﺋاﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا ﺐﺳاوﺮﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﻢﺘﺘﺳ
ءﴤﺗ ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻨﻋ .ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒ ّ
ﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ةرود ﻲﻬﺘﻨﺗ ،ﻒّﻗﻮﺘﻟاو ﻞﻴﺴﻐﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺪﻌﺑ
.ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ءﻮﻀﺑ
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و ،
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و ،
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رارزﻷا تاﴍﺆﻣ
.ءﺎﳌا ناّﺰﺧ ﻒﻄﺷأ .ﻲّﻘﺒﺘﳌا لﻮﻠﺤﳌا ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا ناّﺰﺧ غّﺮﻓ
.جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ءﺎﳌا ناّﺰﺧ ﻸﻣا
ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ أﺪﺒﺗ .ﺎًﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ٍناﻮﺛ ٤-٣ ةﺪﳌ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا رزو ،ةﻮﻬﻗ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢ رزو ،ةﻮﻬﻗ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ١ رز ﲆﻋ ﻦﻣاﺰﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻂﻐﺿا -
/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻦﻣو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ناﱰﻗا ﺪﻌﻘﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻟا ﰲ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ دﻮﺟﻮﳌا ءﺎﳌا أﺪﺒﻳو ﻒﻄﺸﻟا
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رﺎﺨﺒﻟا رزو ،
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نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ٢و ،
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نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ١ جاﺮﺧإ رارزأ تاﴍﺆﻣ ﺾﻣﻮﺗ .ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا
.ﺄﻔﻄُﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا .ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒ ّ
ﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ةرود ﻲﻬﺘﻨﺗ ،ﻒّﻗﻮﺘﻟاو ﻞﻴﺴﻐﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺪﻌﺑ
.جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ءﺎﳌا ناّﺰﺧ ﻸﻣا
.ﺾﻴﺑﻷا نﻮﻠﻟﺎﺑ
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و ،
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و ،
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رارزﻷا تاﴍﺆﻣ ﺊﻴﻀﺘﺳ .(9 ﻞﻜﺷ) (H) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
.ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ةرود رﺮﻛ ،ﺮﻤﺣﻷا نﻮﻠﻟﺎﺑ تاﴍﺆﳌا ﺾﻴﻣو ﺮﻤﺘﺳا اذإ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا فﺎﻘﻳإ
ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﻊﺟار) ﻪﻔّﻈﻧو تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ غّﺮﻓ .ﺎًﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﻪﻠﺼﻓ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﻦﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا فﺎﻘﻳإ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟاو ﺎﻬﻨﻣ عﻮﻨﺼﳌا داﻮﳌا زﺮﻓ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،هﺮﻤﻋ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻌﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﻴﻄﺤﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ .("زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺪﻠﺑ ﰲ ةﺪﺋﺎﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﺤﳌا ﻧاﻮﻘﻟاو ﻢﻈﻨﻟا ﺐﺴﺣو ﺎﻬﺘﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ
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ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﺤﻟ تادﺎﺷرإ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓاو رﻮﻔﻟا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﻒﻗوأ ،ﻞﻄﻋ يأ ثوﺪﺣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
لﻮﻠﺤﻟا بﺎﺒﺳﻷا ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا
.ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﱃإ ﻪﻌﻓد ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ مﺎﻜﺣﺈﺑ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻞﺧدأ .ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ (O) هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ لﺎﺧدإ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ جﺮﺨﺗ وأ جﺮﺨﺗ ﻻ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻠﻟ ءﻲﻄﺑ
.(6 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ﴡﻗﻷا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﱃإ درﺎﺑ بﺬﻋ ءﺎ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻸﻣا .غرﺎﻓ ناّﺰﺨﻟا
ﰲ ءﺎﳌا ﺮﻤﺘﺳا اذإ .ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻳ ءﺎﳌا كﺮﺗاو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ نوﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ
.ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﺈﺑ ﻢﻘﻓ ،تﺎﺤﺘﻔﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻦﻣ ٍوﺎﺴﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ جوﺮﺨﻟا
ناﱰﻗا ﺖﻴﺒﻣ ﰲ ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا تﺎﺤﺘﻓ داﺪﺴﻧا ﻢﺗ
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ
ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ردأو (L) ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﺖﺤﺗ ءﺎﻋو ﻊﺿ
ﻚﻓو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺔﻟازﺈﺑ ﻢﻗ ،ﻚﻟذ ﺪﻌﺑ .ةﺮﺋاﺪﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟ (N)
ﻢﻗ .ﺮﺛﺎﻨﺗ وأ ذاذر ثوﺪﺣ ﰲ ﺐﺒﺴﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ٍ
ﻖﺒﺘﻣ ﻂﻐﺿ يأ نﻷ ءﻂﺒﺑ ﻪﻘﻴﺸﻌﺗ
ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻒﻈﻧ .ﻖﻓﺮﳌا سﻮﺑﺪﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ةدوﺪﺴﳌا ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ
."نﻮﺤﻄﳌا ﻟا ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺮﺗﻼﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﰲ ﺢﺿﻮﻣ ﻮﻫ ﻛ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا قﻮﺤﺴﻣ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ يﺬﻟا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﺐﻘﺛ
.دوﺪﺴﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻪﻨﻣ جﺮﺨﺗو
.ﱪﻛأ ﻦﺤﻃ ﺔﺟرد يذ ﺞﻳﺰﻣ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا بﺮﺟ .ًاﺪﺟ ﻢﻋﺎﻧ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا قﻮﺤﺴﻣ
.ﻞﻗأ لﺪﻌ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻂﻐﺿا .ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ طﻮﻐﻀﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا قﻮﺤﺴﻣ
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗأ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿ .ﺔﻃﺮﻔﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا يﻮﺘﺤﻳ
ﺞﻨﻔﺳا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻚﺒﺸﻳ يﺬﻟا نﺎﻜﳌا ﻒﻈﻧو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ . (30 ﻞﻜﺷ)
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد
ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ﻞﻤﺘﺤﻳ
ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ّﺪﺷ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﻣ ﻣ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻰﺘﺣ هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ
ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺐﻧاﻮﺟ ﻦﻣ بّﴪﺘﺗ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا
نﺎﻨﺳﻷا ﺶﻜﻧ دﻮﻋ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﻦﻣ بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ ﻒّﻈﻧ
.(30 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺞﻨﻔﺳﻹا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣو
بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ ﲆﻋ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻚﺒﺸﻳ يﺬﻟا ّﺮﻘﳌا ﰲ ﺐﻛﺮﳌا
ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ردأو (L) ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﺖﺤﺗ ءﺎﻋو ﻊﺿ
ﻚﻓو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺔﻟازﺈﺑ ﻢﻗ ،ﻚﻟذ ﺪﻌﺑ .ةﺮﺋاﺪﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟ (N)
ﻢﻗ .ﺮﺛﺎﻨﺗ وأ ذاذر ثوﺪﺣ ﰲ ﺐﺒﺴﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ٍ
ﻖﺒﺘﻣ ﻂﻐﺿ يأ نﻷ ءﻂﺒﺑ ﻪﻘﻴﺸﻌﺗ
ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻒﻈﻧ .ﻖﻓﺮﳌا سﻮﺑﺪﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ةدوﺪﺴﳌا ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ
."نﻮﺤﻄﳌا ﻟا ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺮﺗﻼﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﰲ ﺢﺿﻮﻣ ﻮﻫ ﻛ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا قﻮﺤﺴﻣ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ يﺬﻟا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﺐﻘﺛ
.دوﺪﺴﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻪﻨﻣ جﺮﺨﺗو
ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ردأو (L) ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﺖﺤﺗ ءﺎﻋو ﻊﺿ
ﻚﻓو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺔﻟازﺈﺑ ﻢﻗ ،ﻚﻟذ ﺪﻌﺑ .ةﺮﺋاﺪﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟ (N)
.ﺮﺛﺎﻨﺗ وأ ذاذر ثوﺪﺣ ﰲ ﺐﺒﺴﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ٍ
ﻖﺒﺘﻣ ﻂﻐﺿ يأ نﻷ ءﻂﺒﺑ ﻪﻘﻴﺸﻌﺗ
نﺎﻨﺳﻷا ﺶﻜﻧ دﻮﻋ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﻦﻣ بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ ﻒّﻈﻧ
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا صﺮﻘﻟا لﺪﺒﺘﺳا .(30 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺞﻨﻔﺳﻹا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣو
.ﺔﺤﻟﺎﺻ ﻏ صﺮﻘﻟا
(17 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﺸﻨﻠﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺖﻜﺒﺷ ﻚﻧأ ﻦﻣ ﻖّﻘﺤﺗ .ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ
ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳو (ﺔﻠﻴﻘﺛ) ةﺰﻛﺮﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
.ﻢﻌﻧأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
.ًاﺪﺟ ﻦﺸﺧ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا قﻮﺤﺴﻣ .ةﺒﻛ ﺔﻋﴪﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ
.ﻞﻗأ لﺪﻌ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻂﻐﺿا .ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ طﻮﻐﻀﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا قﻮﺤﺴﻣ
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﳌا ﻊﺿ .ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻛ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا يﻮﺘﺤﻳ ﻻ
151
AR
لﻮﻠﺤﻟا بﺎﺒﺳﻷا ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا
ﰲ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد نأ ﱃإ ﺸﻴﻟ ،تﺎﺒﺜﺑ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا رز ﴍﺆﻣ ءﴤﻳ نأ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا
.رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟ ﻞﺜﻣﻷا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﱃإ ﺖﻠﺻو ﺪﻗ ﺔﻳﻼﻐﻟا
ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺼﻳ
.ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟا
.رﺎﺨﺑ رﺪﺼﻳ ﻻ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
.(6 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ﴡﻗﻷا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﱃإ درﺎﺑ بﺬﻋ ءﺎ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻸﻣا .غرﺎﻓ ناّﺰﺨﻟا
.ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﱃإ ﻪﻌﻓد ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ مﺎﻜﺣﺈﺑ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻞﺧدأ .ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ (O) هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ لﺎﺧدإ ﻢﺘﻳ
ﰲ ةدﻮﺟﻮﳌا ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟا ﰲ ﺖﻧﻮﻜﺗ ﺐﺳاور يأ ﺔﻟازﻹ دوﺰﳌا سﻮﺑﺪﻟا مﺪﺨﺘﺳا
ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ .(33 ﻞﻜﺸﻟا) ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ
/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ بﻮﺒﻧأ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﰲ ﺢﺿﻮﻣ ﻮﻫ ﻛ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا/رﺎﺨﺒﻟا
.ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺬﻔﻧ ،ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌا تﺮﻤﺘﺳا اذإ ."ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا
.رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جوﺮﺧ ﺐﻘﺛ
.ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﱃإ ﻪﻌﻓد ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ مﺎﻜﺣﺈﺑ هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻞﺧدأ .ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ (O) هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ لﺎﺧدإ ﻢﺘﻳ ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﰲو ﺖﻴﺒﳌا ﰲ ءﺎﻣ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ
.هﺎﻴﳌا ناﺰﺧ
ءﺎ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻸﻣا ،ءﺎﻀﺘﻗﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ .ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖّﻘﺤﺗ
.ﴡﻗﻷا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﻰﺘﺣ درﺎﺑ بﺬﻋ
.ﻂﻔﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺔﺨﻀﳌا ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ءﺎﻣ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﺒﻳﺮﻏ ءﺎﺿﻮﺿ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا رﺪﺼﻳ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻀﺤﺗ
.("تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﺮﻈﻧا) تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ءاﺮﺟﺈﺑ ﻢﻗ .ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ نﻮﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا رارزأ تاﴍﺆﻣ ءﴤﺗ
.ﺮﻤﺣﻷا
152
UA
ǽǾǼȄdzǷǽǼǿǥǯǻǶǸ
ɉɨɩɪɢɬɟɳɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɢɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɿɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɞɨɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɯɞɿɸɱɢɯɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɿɜɬɚ
ɦɚɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɭɜɫɿɯɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɢɯɦɿɫɰɹɯɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɭɜɚɠɧɨɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢɡɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɿɜɢ-
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɧɟɳɚɫɧɢɯɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜɬɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶ
ɁɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɰɟɣɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɞɥɹɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿɣɭɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭɁɚɧɚɦɿɪɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢɰɟɣ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɧɲɨɦɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɭɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɫɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ȱɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɚɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢɹɤɿɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɚɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɨɸ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɢɯɡɿɧɲɢɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
Ɂɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɨɩɿɤɢ
ɍɜɚɝɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɛɢɬɤɢ
ǽǾǶǵǻǮȅdzǻǻȍ
Ʉɚɜɨɦɚɲɢɧɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɞɚɥɿɭɬɟɤɫɬɿ©ɩɪɢɥɚɞªɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢɿɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɨɄɪɿɦɬɨɝɨɡɚɜɞɹɤɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀɩɨɞɚɱɿɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɦɨɠɧɚɬɚɤɨɠɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɱɚʀɐɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɬɿɥɶɤɢɿɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɞɥɹ
ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɿɬɨɦɭɽɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɥɹɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɢɯɚɛɨɤɨɦɟɪɰɿɣɧɢɯɰɿɥɟɣȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟ
ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɢɜɛɭɞɶɹɤɟɿɧɲɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɰɶɨɝɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɰɟɡɜɿɥɶɧɹɽɣɨɝɨɜɿɞɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿɡɚɡɛɢɬɤɢ
ɛɭɞɶɹɤɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɇɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢ-
ɥɚɞɭɫɤɚɫɨɜɭɽɝɚɪɚɧɬɿɸɭɜɫɿɯʀʀɩɪɨɹɜɚɯ
ǵǮǹǶȆǸǼǰǥǾǶǵǶǸǶ
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɿɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɪɨɹɤɢɣɣɞɟɬɶɫɹɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɢɬɢ
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɜɿɞɩɪɹɦɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭɩɚɪɢɚɛɨɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɿɩɚɪɢɧɟɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɭɣɬɟɫɬɪɭɦɭɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭɬɪɟɬɿɯɨɫɿɛ
ɚɛɨɧɚɫɟɛɟȻɟɪɿɬɶɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹ
ɞɨɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɨʀɬɪɭɛɤɢ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɬɿɥɶɤɢɬɿɽɦɧɨɫɬɿɹɤɿɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɿɡɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨɞɥɹɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ
ǵǮǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǻȍǵǯdzǵǽdzǸǶ
ɎȽȻɁɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɄɍɀȲɈɌɍɋɎɅɑȲȳɊɀɋɀȿɊɉɒȻɍɅɉɇȽɃɅɉɋɃɌɍȻɈɈɚ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɭɩɨɛɭɬɨɜɢɯɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɭɦɨɜɚɯɬɚɜ
ɭɦɨɜɚɯɛɥɢɡɶɤɢɯɞɨɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɹɤɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ
ɧɚɤɭɯɧɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɿɜɨɮɿɫɿɜɬɚɭɿɧɲɢɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ
ɭɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ
ɭɧɨɦɟɪɚɯɝɨɬɟɥɿɜɦɨɬɟɥɿɜɭɝɨɬɟɥɹɯɬɢɩɭEHGEUHDNIDVWɬɚɭɿɧɲɢɯɠɢɬɥɨ-
ɜɢɯɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɡɛɨɤɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯɩɨɫɬɨɹɥɶɰɿɜ
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɧɟɫɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɚɛɨɡɚɜɢ-
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɟɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɭɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɿɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɿ
ɩɨɫɥɭɝɢɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɩɨɥɨɦɨɤɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɸɭɩɚɤɨɜ-
ɤɨɸɜɢɪɨɛɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɨȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɭ
153
UA
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȒșȭȒȳȠȓȗ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɪɨɤɿɜɬɚɨɫɨɛɢɡɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢ-
ɦɢɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɢɦɢɬɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɦɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɛɨɡɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬ-
ɧɿɦɞɨɫɜɿɞɨɦɿɡɧɚɧɧɹɦɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɹɤɳɨɜɨɧɢɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɜɿɞ-
ɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨʀɨɫɨɛɢɚɛɨɹɤɳɨɩɪɨɣɲɥɢɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠɬɚɭɫɜɿɞɨɦɥɸɸɬɶɪɢɡɢɤɢ
ɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɿɡɣɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ
Ⱦɿɬɹɦɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɝɪɚɬɢɫɹɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɿɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɨɩɢɫɚɧɿɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɧɟ
ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɶɦɢɹɤɿɧɟɞɨɫɹɝɥɢɜɿɤɭɫɬɚɪɲɟɪɨɤɿɜɿɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɭ-
ɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɬɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɜɿɤɨɦɦɟɧ-
ɲɟɪɨɤɿɜ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɡɜɢɫɚɬɢɭɦɿɫɰɹɯɞɟɣɨɝɨɦɨɠɟɫɯɨɩɢɬɢɞɢɬɢɧɚ
ȿɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɩɨɪɭɱɡɞɿɬɶɦɢɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɽ
ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨʀɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ
ɍɪɚɡɿɹɤɳɨɰɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɬɢɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹɭɹɤɨɫɬɿɜɿɞɯɨɞɿɜɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɪɨ-
ɛɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɪɿɡɚɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɄɪɿɦ
ɬɨɝɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɩɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹɡɭɫɿɦɚɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɳɨɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚ-
ɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɥɹɿɝɨɪ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɛɭɥɚɜɤɭɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɭɡɨɧɿɞɨɫɹɠɧɨɫɬɿɞɿɬɟɣɿɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟʀʀɭ
ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɪɨɤɨɜɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɿɬɪɚɜɦ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȐȭȕȎțȎȕȓșȓȘȠȞȖȘȜȬ
ɉɟɪɲɧɿɠɩɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɧɚɩɪɭ-
ɝɚɳɨɜɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɩɿɞɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɧɚɩɪɭɡɿɦɿɫɰɟɜɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɯɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɜɚɱɿɜɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɟɧɢɯɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦɩɪɢɥɚ-
ɞɭɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɡɛɢɬɤɿɜɚɛɨɩɨɠɟɠɿ
ɇɿɤɨɥɢɧɟɬɹɝɧɿɬɶɡɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɚɛɨɡɚɫɚɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɳɨɛɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɬɢ
ɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɜɢɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨ-
ɡɟɬɤɢɩɟɪɟɞɧɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹɛɚɤɚɜɨɞɨɸ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɿɞ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɸ ɧɚɩɪɭɝɨɸ ɞɨɜɨɞɢ
ɦɨɠɟɜɢɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɤɨɪɨɬɤɟɡɚɦɢɤɚɧɧɹ
ɍɧɢɤɚɣɬɟɬɨɝɨɳɨɛɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɜɚɜɿɡɝɨɫɬɪɢɦɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ
ɋɥɿɞɤɭɣɬɟɳɨɛɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɧɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɜɚɜɡɝɚɪɹɱɢɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɦɢ
ȼɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɡɱɢɫɬɤɢɿɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɧɚ
ɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɨɦɭɿɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɨɦɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɿ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
Ʉɨɥɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɜɿɬɶɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯɩɟɪɿɨɞɿɜɱɚɫɭɣɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɿɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɬɢɜɢɥɤɭɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
154
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ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȦȘȜȒȔȓțȪȝȜȐȭȕȎțȖȣȕȳțȦȖȚȖȝȞȖȥȖ-
țȎȚȖ
Ȼɟɪɿɬɶɫɹɡɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɳɨɛɩɿɞɧɹɬɢɣɨɝɨ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɨɛɪɟɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɨɦɭɱɢɫɬɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɿɡɡɪɭɱɧɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɨɦ
ɧɟɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɇɟɧɚɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɭɛɚɤɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɛɟɡɧɚɝɥɹɞɭɤɨɥɢɜɿɧɩɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɢɣɞɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿ
ɇɿɤɨɥɢɧɟɬɹɝɧɿɬɶɡɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɚɛɨɡɚɫɚɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɳɨɛɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɬɢ
ɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɧɚɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɿɫɥɹɩɚɞɿɧɧɹɹɤɳɨɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɿɨɡɧɚɤɢ
ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɚɛɨɡɧɶɨɝɨɜɢɬɿɤɚɽɜɨɞɚ Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢ-
ɥɚɞɨɦɹɤɳɨɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɱɢɜɢɥɤɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɿɚɛɨɹɤɳɨɫɚɦɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɢɣɍɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɡɪɟɦɨɧɬɭɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢɡɚɦɿɧɭɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɦɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ©$ULHWHªɚɛɨɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚ-
ɠɟɧɢɦɢɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɦɢɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɫɬɚɦɢ©$ULHWHªɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
ǵȎȟȠȓȞȓȔȓțțȭȝȞȜȜȝȳȘȖ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɬɪɭɦɩɚɪɢɚɛɨɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɧɚɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɬɿɥɚ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜ
ɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɞɨɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɯɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɿɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɩɿɞɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɨɩɿɤɢ
Ȼɟɪɿɬɶɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɱɚɫɬɢɧɭ
ɇɟɡɚɞɨɜɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɜɢɯɿɞ ɜɨɞɢ ɡ ɞɟɪɠɚɤɚ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɧɢɣ ɡɚɫ-
ɦɿɱɟɧɧɹɦɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɉɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢȼɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɱɢɫɬɤɭɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɭ
ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ
ȁȐȎȑȎȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȳȕȏȖȠȘȖ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɧɚɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɿɫɭɯɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɛɟɡɜɨɞɢɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɰɟɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɜɢɜɟ-
ɞɟɧɧɹɡɥɚɞɭɧɚɫɨɫɚ
Ⱦɥɹɧɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹɛɚɤɭɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɭɝɚɪɹɱɭɚɛɨɬɟ-
ɩɥɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɛɭɞɶɹɤɭɿɧɲɭɪɿɞɢɧɭɳɨɦɨɠɟɩɨɲɤɨɞɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɇɟɫɬɚɜɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɞɭɠɟɝɚɪɹɱɿɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɚɛɨɩɨɛɥɢɡɭɞɠɟɪɟɥɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɝɨ
ɜɨɝɧɸɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɤɨɪɩɭɫɭ
Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɜɚɬɢɡɝɚɪɹɱɢɦɢɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɥɚɫɬɢɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɿɱɚɲɨɤɛɭɞɶɹɤɿɿɧɲɿɪɟɱɨ-
ɜɢɧɢɨɤɪɿɦɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɇɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɿɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɩɪɨɜɨɤɭɜɚɬɢɜɚɠɤɿ
ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
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ɇɟ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɭ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹɯ ɞɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɢɫɹ
ɧɢɠɱɟ&ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɜɨɞɢɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɡɚɦɟɪɡɧɭɬɢɿɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ
ɞɨɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɧɚɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɦɭɩɨɜɿɬɪɿ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɿɞɞɿɽɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯɹɜɢɳɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɞɨɳɫɨɧɰɟ
ɉɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨɹɤɜɢɥɤɚɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɛɭɥɚɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɚɿɝɚɪɹɱɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɥɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪ-
ɤɨɸɡɥɟɝɤɚɡɦɨɱɟɧɨɸɭɜɨɞɹɧɨɦɭɪɨɡɱɢɧɿɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɯɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɿ
ɧɟɚɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɦɢɣɧɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɪɨɡɱɢɧɧɢɤɢɡɞɚɬɧɿɩɨɲɤɨɞɢɬɢɩɥɚɫɬɢɤ
ɇɟ ɪɨɡɛɢɪɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞ ȼɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɹɤɢɦɢɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɚɛɨɦɢɬɢɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿ
ǵǯdzǾǥDZǮǷȀdzȄȌǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥȌ
ǼǽǶǿǽǾǶǹǮDzȁ
$ Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɡɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨ-
ɪɨɦɩɨɞɚɱɿ
/ Ɍɪɭɛɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
0 Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
% Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤɡɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨ-
ɪɨɦɩɨɞɚɱɿ
1 Ɋɭɱɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
2 Ȼɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ
& Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɚɪɢɡɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ 3 Ʉɪɢɲɤɚɛɚɤɭɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ
' Ƚɧɿɡɞɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ 4 Ȼɭɥɚɜɤɚɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢ
( Ɂɧɿɦɧɚɪɟɲɿɬɤɚ 5 Ɍɟɦɩɟɪ
) ɉɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ 6 Ɏɿɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɥɞ
* Ɋɟɲɿɬɤɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɚɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤ 7 Ɏɿɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢ
+ Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ 8 Ɏɿɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤ
, ɉɨɩɥɚɜɟɰɶ 9 Ⱦɢɫɤɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɧɢɰɹ
- Ʉɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ : Ⱦɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
. Ɇɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɚɬɪɭɛɤɚ ; ʈɜɢɧɬɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɢɫɤɚɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɧɢɰɿ
ǥȒȓțȠȖȢȳȘȎȤȳȗțȳȒȎțȳ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɹɤɚɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɨɩɨɪɧɨɸɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɨɸɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɿɬɚɤɿɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɿɞɚɧɧɿɩɪɢ-
ɥɚɞɭ
ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɿɦɚɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ&(
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɆɨɞ
ɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ61
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɚɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹȼɿɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɚɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɶȼɬ
ɧɨɦɟɪɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɨʀɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨʀɥɿɧɿʀ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɝɨɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹɞɨɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɿɜɜɤɚɠɿɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɿɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ
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ǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥǦǵǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ǰȐȓȒȓțțȭȐȓȘȟȝșȡȎȠȎȤȳȬ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɩɚɤɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɣɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟɱɢɜɫɿɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɭɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɪɿɜɧɿɣɿɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɉɨɦɢɣɬɟɛɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɿɱɚɲɨɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɥɞɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɡɧɿɦɧɭɪɟɲɿɬɤɭɿ
ɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɢɣɿɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɢɣɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ǽȜȝȓȞȓȒțȳȜȝȓȞȎȤȳȴ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɡɧɿɦɧɭɪɟɲɿɬɤɭ(ɭɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ)Ɋɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ)ɜɨɫɧɨɜɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɊɢɫ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ2ɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɊɢɫ
ȼɿɞɤɪɢɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɛɚɤɭɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ3Ɋɢɫ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɜɢɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɩɟɪɟɞɧɚɩɨɜ-
ɧɟɧɧɹɛɚɤɚɜɨɞɨɸ
ɇɟɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɣɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɤɨɥɢɜɿɧɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦ
ɫɬɪɭɦɨɦ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ⱦɥɹɧɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹɛɚɤɭɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɭɝɚɪɹɱɭɚɛɨɬɟɩɥɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɛɭɞɶɹɤɭ
ɿɧɲɭɪɿɞɢɧɭɳɨɦɨɠɟɩɨɲɤɨɞɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɪɿɜɧɹ0$;Ɋɢɫ
ɂȻȼɉɋɉɈɚȰɍɗɌɚɨɛɪɩɝɨɹɝɛɭɣɜɛɥɝɣɴɠɫʀɝɨɺ0$;
Ɂɚɤɪɢɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɛɚɤɭɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ3Ɋɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ2ɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɨɊɢɫ
ɓɨɛɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɪɨɛɨɬɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɪɢɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɞɨɭɩɨɪɭɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ
Ɋɠɫɠɝʀɫɭɠɴɩɜɛɥɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɣɤɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩʀɨɛɥɳɠɪɫɣɦɛɟɨɠɜɮɟɠɪɩɟɛɝɛɭɣɥɛɝɮ
ǽȓȞȦȓȐȐȳȚȘțȓțțȭ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɜɫɿɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
Ɋɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɤɭɠɬɺɴɩɨɛɪɫɮɞɛɟɩɧɛɳɨɷɩʁɧɠɫɠɡʀɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɛɢɭʀɾɹɴɩɝɥɛɢɛɨɛɨɛɭɛɜɦɣɲ-
ɱʀɭɠɰɨʀɲɨɣɰɟɛɨɣɰɪɫɣɦɛɟɮ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɊɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɨɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢɠɨɞɟɧɡɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɜ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ+Ɋɢɫ
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɤɧɨɩɨɤɩɨɞɚɱɿɱɚɲɤɢ ɱɚɲɨɤ ɿɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɚɪɢ ɛɭɞɭɬɶɛɥɢɦɚɬɢɉɿɫɥɹ
ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɤɧɨɩɨɤ
ɩɨɱɧɭɬɶɝɨɪɿɬɢɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɟɪɲɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɰɢɤɥɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɯɤɨɧɬɭɪɿɜ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɨɛ¶ɽɦɨɦɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɦɥɩɿɞɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤ
ɊɢɫɁɚɩɭɫɬɿɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɿɞɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹ
ɩɨɤɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɱɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɜɨɞɚ
ɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɊɢɫ
157
UA
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɩɚɪɢ ɊɢɫɁɚɩɭɫɬɿɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɫ
ɩɨɞɚɱɿɿɞɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɩɨɱɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɜɨɞɚɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭ
ɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɳɨɛɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɸɣɬɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɞɨɩɨɜɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɹɤɚɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹɛɚɤɭ
ɊɋɃɇȲɍɅȻɪɩɝɭɩɫɹɤɭɠɱɹɩɪɠɫɛɱʀɹɪʀɟɲɛɬɥɩɡɨɩɞɩɝɝʀɧɥɨɠɨɨɺɪɫɣɦɛɟɮɪʀɬɦɺɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰɟɨʀɝ
ɪɫɩɬɭɩɹ
ɚɥɴɩɮɜɛɥɮɨɠɢɛɦɣɳɣɭɷɬɺɝɩɟɣɢɺɝɣɭɷɬɺɝʀɜɫɛɱʀɺʀɬɣɦɷɨɣɤɳɮɧȲɨɟɣɥɛɭɩɫɣɥɨɩɪɩɥɪɩɟɛɲʀ
ɲɛɳɥɣ()ɲɛɳɩɥ )ʀɥɨɩɪɥɣɪɛɫɣ ɜɮɟɮɭɷɜɦɣɧɛɭɣɔɩɜɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɭɣɫɩɜɩɭɮɪɫɣɦɛɟɮ
ɟɣɝɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯ´Ɉɛɪɩɝɨɠɨɨɺɜɛɥɮɟɦɺɝɩɟɣɪʀɟɲɛɬɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺµ
Ɍɟɩɟɪɩɪɢɥɚɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɣɞɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɟɪɲɨʀɤɚɜɢ
DzȳȟȠȎȐȎțțȭȢȳșȪȠȞȎ
ɉɊɂɆȱɌɄȺɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹɿɡɜɠɟɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɦɮɿɥɶɬɪɨɦɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤȼɤɚɡɿɜɤɢɞɥɹɡɧɹɬɬɹ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɿɧɚɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɯɄɪɿɦɬɨɝɨɮɿɥɶɬɪɦɨɠɧɚɞɿɫɬɚɬɢɩɚɥɶɰɹɦɢ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǸǮǰǶ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ2ɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɊɢɫ
ȼɿɞɤɪɢɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɛɚɤɭɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ3Ɋɢɫ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɜɢɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɩɟɪɟɞɧɚɩɨɜ-
ɧɟɧɧɹɛɚɤɚɜɨɞɨɸ
ɇɟɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɣɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɤɨɥɢɜɿɧɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦ
ɫɬɪɭɦɨɦ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ⱦɥɹɧɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹɛɚɤɭɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɭɝɚɪɹɱɭɚɛɨɬɟɩɥɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɛɭɞɶɹɤɭ
ɿɧɲɭɪɿɞɢɧɭɳɨɦɨɠɟɩɨɲɤɨɞɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɪɿɜɧɹ0$;Ɋɢɫ
ɂȻȼɉɋɉɈɚȰɍɗɌɚɨɛɪɩɝɨɹɝɛɭɣɜɛɥɝɣɴɠɫʀɝɨɺ0$;
Ɂɚɤɪɢɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɛɚɤɭɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ3Ɋɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ2ɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɨɊɢɫ
ɓɨɛɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɪɨɛɨɬɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɪɢɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɞɨɭɩɨɪɭɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ
Ɋɠɫɠɝʀɫɭɠɴɩɜɛɥɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɣɤɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩʀɨɛɥɳɠɪɫɣɦɛɟɨɠɜɮɟɠɪɩɟɛɝɛɭɣɥɛɝɮ
Ɉɛɟɪɿɬɶɛɚɠɚɧɢɣɮɿɥɶɬɪ7ɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɚɛɨ8ɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤɿɜɫɬɚɜɬɟɣɨɝɨɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɭɞɨɡɭɤɚɜɢɿɫɩɪɟɫɭɣɬɟɞɨɛɪɟɦɟɥɟɧɭɤɚɜɭɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɦɬɟɦɩɟɪɨɦ5
Ɋɢɫ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
əɤɳɨɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɧɚɫɢɩɚɬɢɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɦɨɠɟɜɢɹɜɢɬɢɫɶɜɚɠɤɨɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɢɞɟɪ-
ɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɚɛɨɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɠɟɜɢɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɜɢɬɨɤ
158
UA
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ:ɭɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɟɝɧɿɡɞɨɿɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɪɭɱɤɚɜɢɪɿɜɧɹɧɚɧɚɫɢɦɜɨɥ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɿɣɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɊɢɫ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɳɨɛɜɢɪɿɜɧɹɬɢɪɭɱɤɭɧɚɫɢɦɜɨɥ
Ɋɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɤɭɠɬɺɴɩɟɠɫɡɛɥɯʀɦɷɭɫɛɨɛɟʀɤɨɩɢɾɟɨɛɨʀɤɢɯɦɛɨɱɠɧɋɣɬ
ǰȖȏȳȞȝȞȎȐȖșȪțȜȴȥȎȦȘȖ
ɉɟɪɲɧɿɠɩɨɱɢɧɚɬɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɛɚɠɚɧɨɝɨɧɚɩɨɸɨɛɟɪɿɬɶɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɱɚɲɤɭɤɟɪɭɸɱɢɫɶɞɚɧɢɦɢɡɧɚ-
ɫɬɭɩɧɨʀɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ
Ʉɚɜɚɟɫɩɪɟɫɨ Ɉɞɢɧɚɪɧɟ
ɉɨɞɜɿɣɧɟ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨɦɥ
ɦɥɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨ
Ɏɿɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɱɿɞɜɨɯɨɤɪɟɦɢɯɩɨɪɰɿɣɤɚɜɢɚɛɨɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɱɿɨɞɧɿɽʀɤɚɜɢ
ɥɭɧɝɨɚɛɨɛɿɥɶɲɦɿɰɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ
ǾȓȑȡșȬȐȎțțȭȘȳșȪȘȜȟȠȳȐȜȒȖȧȜȝȜȒȎȱȠȪȟȭȒșȭȥȎȦȘȖȎȏȜȥȎȦȜȘ
Ɇɨɠɧɚɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɬɢɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢɳɨɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɚɛɨɱɚɲɨɤɤɚɜɢɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ɱɟɪɟɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢɳɨɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɜɩɥɢɜɚɽɧɚɫɢɥɭɫɦɚɤɭɤɚɜɢɿɹɤɿɫɬɶɤɪɟɦɨɜɨʀɩɿɧɤɢɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ
ɰɟɣɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɳɨɛɡɧɚɣɬɢɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɹɤɟɡɚɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɹɽɜɚɲɿɫɦɚɤɨɜɿɜɩɨɞɨɛɚɧɧɹ
ɊɋɃɇȲɍɅȻɫɠɞɮɦɹɝɛɨɨɺɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀɝɩɟɣɴɩɪɩɟɛɾɭɷɬɺɟɦɺɲɛɳɥɣɛɜɩɟɦɺɲɛɳɩɥɪɩɝɣɨɨɩ
ɜɮɭɣɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɠɪʀɟɲɛɬɪɩɟɛɲʀɥɛɝɣ
ɓɨɛɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢɳɨɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɤɚɜɢɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɿɭɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɧɚɬɢɫɧɟɧɨɸɤɧɨ-
ɩɤɭ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɝɨɱɚɫɭɑɚɫɳɨɩɪɨɣɲɨɜɫɬɚɧɟɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɞɥɹɧɨɜɨʀɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿɜɨɞɢ
ɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɤɚɜɢɓɨɛɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢɳɨɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤɤɚɜɢɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɿɭɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟ
ɧɚɬɢɫɧɟɧɨɸɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɝɨɱɚɫɭɑɚɫɳɨɩɪɨɣɲɨɜɫɬɚɧɟɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɞɥɹɧɨ-
ɜɨʀɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿɜɨɞɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤɤɚɜɢ
ǽȜȒȎȥȎȘȎȐȖ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɨɞɧɭɚɛɨɞɜɿɱɚɲɤɢɧɚɡɧɿɦɧɭɪɟɲɿɬɤɭ(Ɋɢɫ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ+Ɋɢɫ
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɤɧɨɩɨɤɩɨɞɚɱɿɱɚɲɤɢ ɱɚɲɨɤ ɿɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɚɪɢ ɛɭɞɭɬɶɛɥɢɦɚɬɢ
ɉɿɫɥɹɞɨɫɹɝ-
ɧɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɤɧɨɩɨɤ
ɩɨɱɧɭɬɶɝɨɪɿɬɢɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨ
ɓɨɛ ɩɟɪɲɚ ɤɚɜɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɛɭɥɚ ɝɚɪɹɱɨɸ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɤ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ɬɚ ɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɢ ɣɨɝɨ
ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɫɹɧɚɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɟɪɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɤɚɜɢɐɶɨɝɨɧɟɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɪɨɛɢɬɢɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢ ɳɨɛɩɨɞɚɬɢɱɚɲɤɭɤɚɜɢɚɛɨɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢ
ɳɨɛɩɨɞɚɬɢɱɚɲɤɢɤɚɜɢ
ɓɨɛɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɩɪɢɥɚɞɡɚɤɿɧɱɢɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɧɨɜɭɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚ-
ɱɿɤɚɜɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
əɤɿɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯɤɚɜɨɦɚɲɢɧɧɟɡɧɿɦɚɣɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɤɨɥɢɤɧɨɩɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɿɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɚ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɹɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɡɚɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɧɚɣɦɧɿɞɟɫɹɬɶɫɟɤɭɧɞɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɭɜɚɬɢɞɟɪɠɚɤ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɳɨɛɡɧɹɬɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɣɨɝɨɫɩɪɚɜɚɧɚɥɿɜɨɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɛɪɢɡɨɤ
ɜɨɞɢɚɛɨɤɚɜɢ
əɤɳɨɜɢɧɢɤɚɸɬɶɧɟɡɧɚɱɧɿɜɢɤɢɞɢɩɚɪɢɡɝɧɿɡɞɚɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɰɟɹɜɢɳɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɨɫɩɪɢɣɦɚɬɢɫɶɹɤ
ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɟ
ɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɩɨɞɚɱɿɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɤɧɨɩɨɤ
ɩɨɱɧɭɬɶɝɨɪɿɬɢɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ+ɳɨɛɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɊɢɫ
159
UA
ǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǸǮǰǶǵǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍǺȅǮǹDzǶ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ:ɮɿɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɱɚɥɞ6
ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɱɚɥɞɭɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɊɢɫ
ɉɪɢɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɱɚɥɞɭɩɚɥɶɰɹɦɢɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɑɚɥɞɚɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɛɭɬɢɞɨɛɪɟɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɚɿɜɿɞɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɚɧɚ
ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɓɨɛɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɬɢɜɢɬɨɤɚɦɜɨɞɢɡɚɝɧɿɬɶɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɩɚɩɟɪɨɜɿɤɪɚʀɱɚɥɞɢɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɡɚ
ɦɟɠɿɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
Ɍɟɩɟɪɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɠɧɚɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɢɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɨ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ:ɭɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɟɝɧɿɡɞɨɿɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɪɭɱɤɚɜɢɪɿɜɧɹɧɚɧɚɫɢɦɜɨɥ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɿɣɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɊɢɫ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɳɨɛɜɢɪɿɜɧɹɬɢɪɭɱɤɭɧɚɫɢɦɜɨɥ
ɉɿɫɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢɩɿɞɱɚɫɡɧɿɦɚɧɧɹɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɱɚɥɞɚɦɨɠɟɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɢɫɹɭɝɧɿɡɞɿɭɫɬɚ-
ɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɓɨɛɡɧɹɬɢɱɚɥɞɭɧɚɯɢɥɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɱɢʀɣɜɩɚɫɬɢ
ɭɞɟɪɠɚɤ
ɓɨɛɡɚɜɠɞɢɨɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɤɚɜɭɜɢɫɨɤɨʀɹɤɨɫɬɿɤɭɩɭɣɬɟɱɚɥɞɢɡɦɚɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɫɭɦɿɫɧɨɫɬɿ©(6(ª
ɚɥɴɩɲɛɦɟɛɝɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɛɨɠɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩɛɜɩɟɠɫɡɛɥɯʀɦɷɭɫɛɢɛɭɺɞɨɮɭɣɤɪɩɞɛɨɩɢɟɠɫɡɛɥɛɯʀɦɷɭɫɛ
ɧɩɡɮɭɷɝɣɭʀɥɛɭɣɥɫɛɪɦʀɝɩɟɣ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǺǼǹǼȅǻǼǦǽǥǻǸǶDzǹȍǸǮǰǶ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɨɞɧɭɱɚɲɤɭɧɚɡɧɿɦɧɭɪɟɲɿɬɤɭ(Ɋɢɫ
əɤɳɨɛɚɠɚɽɬɟɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɜɟɥɢɤɭɱɚɲɤɭ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɡɧɿɦɧɭɪɟɲɿɬɤɭ(ɿɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ)Ɋɢɫ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɱɚɲɤɭɧɚɪɟɲɿɬɤɭɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤ*Ɋɢɫ
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɤɚɜɭɊɢɫ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜȻɟɪɿɬɶɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣ-
ɬɟɫɹɞɨɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɨʀɬɪɭɛɤɢ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɿɩɚɪɨɸɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ
ɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ɋɩɪɹɦɭɣɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ/ɭɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭɩɿɞɞɨɧɭɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ)Ɋɢɫ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɢ ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɚɪɢɩɨɱɧɟɛɥɢɦɚɬɢȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɤɧɨɩɤɚɩɚɪɢ
ɩɨɱɧɟɝɨɪɿɬɢɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɜɤɚɡɭɸɱɢɧɚɬɟɳɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɞɨɫɹɝɥɚɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɿɜɧɹɞɥɹ
ɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɿɡɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɞɥɹɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɩɿɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ/
Ɂɚɧɭɪɬɟɞɨɞɧɚɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ/ɭɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɿɡɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɊɢɫ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɩɚɪɢ Ɋɢɫɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɱɧɟ
ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢɩɚɪɭ
Ɋɭɯɚɣɬɟɿɨɛɟɪɬɚɣɬɟɩɨɤɨɥɭɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɿɡɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɩɨɤɢɩɚɪɚɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɿɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀ
ɜɨɞɢ
Ɇɨɥɨɤɨɫɩɿɧɟɧɟɤɨɥɢɭɽɦɧɨɫɬɿɡ¶ɹɜɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɧɤɚɊɢɫ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɳɨɛɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɚɪɢ
Ɋʀɬɦɺɥɩɡɨɩɞɩɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺɝɣɥɩɨɮɤɭɠɪɩɟɛɲɮɪɛɫɣɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰɬɠɥɮɨɟɴɩɜɢɝʀɦɷɨɺɭɣ
ɭɫɮɜɥɮɪɩɟɛɲʀɪɛɫɣɞɛɫɺɲɩʁɝɩɟɣɝʀɟɢɛɦɣɳɥʀɝɧɩɦɩɥɛ
Ƚɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɤɭɠɝɩɦɩɞɮɨɠɛɜɫɛɢɣɝɨɮɞɛɨɲʀɫɥɮɟɦɺɩɲɣɬɭɥɣɩɭɝɩɫɮɭɫɮɜɥɣɪɩɟɛɲʀɪɛɫɣɞɛɫɺɲɩʁ
ɝɩɟɣʀɧɠɭɛɦʀɲɨɩʁɭɫɮɜɥɣ
ɇɚɥɢɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɱɧɭɩɿɧɤɭɭɱɚɲɤɭɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɚɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ
160
UA
ǽǼǰȀǼǾǻdzǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍDzǹȍǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǸǮǰǶ
ɓɨɛɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɧɨɜɭɤɚɜɭɨɞɪɚɡɭɩɿɫɥɹɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɨɫɬɭɞɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɊɢɫ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɩɚɪɢ Ɋɢɫɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɱɧɟ
ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢɝɚɪɹɱɭɜɨɞɭ
ɉɨɞɚɱɚɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɞɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɲɜɢɞɲɟɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɬɢɄɨɥɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨʀɬɟɦɩɟ-
ɪɚɬɭɪɢɩɨɞɚɱɚɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɳɨɛɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɣɞɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɨɜɨʀɤɚɜɢ
ǽǼDzǮȅǮDZǮǾȍȅǼǦǰǼDzǶ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜȻɟɪɿɬɶɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣ-
ɬɟɫɹɞɨɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɨʀɬɪɭɛɤɢ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɿɩɚɪɨɸɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ
ɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɨɞɧɭɱɚɲɤɭɧɚɡɧɿɦɧɭɪɟɲɿɬɤɭ(Ɋɢɫ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɩɚɪɢ Ɋɢɫɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɱɧɟ
ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢɝɚɪɹɱɭɜɨɞɭ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɳɨɛɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ǸǼǾǶǿǻǥǽǼǾǮDzǶDzǹȍǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǿǺǮȅǻǼDZǼdzǿǽǾdzǿǼ
«ǽǼ-ǥȀǮǹǥǷǿȊǸǶ»
ɆɟɥɟɧɭɤɚɜɭɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɡɥɟɝɤɚɫɩɪɟɫɭɜɚɬɢɆɿɰɧɿɫɬɶɤɚɜɢɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶɜɿɞɫɬɭɩɟɧɸɩɨɦɟ-
ɥɭɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿɧɚɫɢɩɚɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɫɢɥɢɩɪɟɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɓɨɛɤɚɜɚɜɢɣɲɥɚɭɱɚɲɟɱɤɢɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɯɫɟɤɭɧɞəɤɳɨɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɞɨɜɲɢɣɰɟɨɡɧɚɱɚɽɳɨɩɨɦɟɥɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɦɿɥɤɢɣɚɛɨɦɟɥɟɧɚɤɚɜɚɹɤɚ
ɡɚɫɢɩɚɧɚɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɛɭɥɚɫɩɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɫɢɥɶɧɨ
ǻǮǽǼǰǻdzǻǻȍǯǮǸȁDzǹȍǰǼDzǥǽǥDzȅǮǿǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɜɢɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɩɟɪɟɞɧɚɩɨɜ-
ɧɟɧɧɹɛɚɤɚɜɨɞɨɸ
ɇɟɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɣɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɤɨɥɢɜɿɧɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦ
ɫɬɪɭɦɨɦ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ⱦɥɹɧɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹɛɚɤɭɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɭɝɚɪɹɱɭɚɛɨɬɟɩɥɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɛɭɞɶɹɤɭ
ɿɧɲɭɪɿɞɢɧɭɳɨɦɨɠɟɩɨɲɤɨɞɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɫɥɿɞɤɭɜɚɬɢɡɚɪɿɜɧɟɦɜɨɞɢɭɛɚɤɭ
ȼɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ2ɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɊɢɫ
ȼɿɞɤɪɢɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɛɚɤɭɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ3Ɋɢɫ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɪɿɜɧɹ0$;Ɋɢɫ
ɂȻȼɉɋɉɈɚȰɍɗɌɚɨɛɪɩɝɨɹɝɛɭɣɜɛɥɝɣɴɠɫʀɝɨɺ0$;
Ɂɚɤɪɢɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɛɚɤɭɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ3Ɋɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ2ɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɨɊɢɫ
ɓɨɛɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɪɨɛɨɬɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɪɢɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɞɨɭɩɨɪɭɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ
Ɋɠɫɠɝʀɫɭɠɴɩɜɛɥɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɣɤɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩʀɨɛɥɳɠɪɫɣɦɛɟɨɠɜɮɟɠɪɩɟɛɝɛɭɣɥɛɝɮ
161
UA
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɿɩɚɪɨɸɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ
ɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
əɤɳɨɩɿɫɥɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹɿɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɛɚɤɚɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɨɧɟɩɨɞɚɽɤɚɜɭɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɞɿɹɬɢ
ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɊɢɫ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ+Ɋɢɫ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɩɚɪɢ ɊɢɫɁɚɩɭɫɬɿɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɫ
ɩɨɞɚɱɿɿɞɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɩɨɱɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɜɨɞɚɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɳɨɛɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ȂȁǻǸȄǥȍǮǰȀǼǺǮȀǶȅǻǼDZǼǰǶǺǸǻdzǻǻȍ
ɐɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɢɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɸɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɞɨɜɢɦɨɝɧɨɜɢɯɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧ-
ɬɿɜɡɟɧɟɪɝɨɡɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɉɿɫɥɹ ɯɜɢɥɢɧ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɸ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɓɨɛ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢ ɧɨɜɭ ɤɚɜɭ
ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɡɧɨɜɭ ɭɜɿɦɤɧɭɬɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɧɚɬɢɫɧɭɜɲɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ + ɉɿɫɥɹ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɩɨɱɧɭɬɶɝɨɪɿɬɢ
ɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨ
ȅǶǿȀǸǮǽǾǶǹǮDzȁ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɿɿɳɨɞɟɧɧɿɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɿɫɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɿɩɨɞɨɜɠɢɬɢɫɬɪɨɤɣɨɝɨɫɥɭɠɛɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ȼɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɡɱɢɫɬɤɢɿɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɧɚɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɨɦɭɿɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚ-
ɧɨɦɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɿ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɑɢɫɬɚɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹɤɨɥɢɝɚɪɹɱɢɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɥɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɦɢɬɢɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɭɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɹɦɿɫɬɪɭ-
ɦɢɜɨɞɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɿɦɢɸɱɿɡɚɫɨɛɢɚɛɨɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɿɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɢɳɨɛɧɟɩɨ-
ɲɤɪɹɛɚɬɢɚɛɨɧɟɩɨɲɤɨɞɢɬɢɫɬɚɥɟɜɿɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȢȳșȪȠȞȳȐȒșȭȚȓșȓțȜȴȘȎȐȖ
ɉɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟɱɢɨɬɜɨɪɢɧɟɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿɉɨɞɚɜɚɣɬɟɝɚɪɹɱɭɜɨɞɭɱɟɪɟɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣɛɟɡ
ɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɳɨɛɪɨɡɱɢɧɢɬɢɚɛɨɜɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɤɚɜɢɚɛɨɿɧɲɢɣɛɪɭɞ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɉɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɪɟɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɮɿɥɶɬɪɢɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨɤɨɠɧɿɦɿɫɹɰɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɿɭɩɪɨɞɚ-
ɠɭɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɿɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɜɞɿɸɱɢɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɨɞɧɭɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɜɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɛɟɡɤɚɜɢ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɨ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɚɜɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤ ɳɨɛɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭ
Ɂɚɥɢɲɬɟɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭɩɨɞɿɹɬɢɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɧɚɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ɂɧɨɜɭɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɚɜɢɳɨɛɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɩɨɞɚɱɿɜɨɞɢɁɚɥɢɲɬɟɭɫɬɚɧɿɫɩɨɤɨɸɧɚɨɞɧɭɯɜɢɥɢɧɭɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɜɢɤɨ-
ɧɭɸɱɢɰɢɤɥɿɜɩɨɞɚɱɿ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɡɝɧɿɡɞɚɞɥɹɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟɜɫɿ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɩɿɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɡɤɪɚɧɭ
ȼɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɉɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɦ¶ɹɤɨɸɝɭɛɤɨɸɳɨɛɜɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɦɢɣɧɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭɊɢɫ
162
UA
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɞɥɹɜɫɿɯɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɜ
əɤɳɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɳɨɞɟɧɧɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɧɟɪɿɞɲɟɨɞɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɭɭ
ɬɪɢɦɿɫɹɰɿ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȑțȳȕȒȎȕȱȒțȎțțȭȒȓȞȔȎȘȎȢȳșȪȠȞȎ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɦɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɨɍɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱɭɝɧɿɡɞɿɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɞɟɪ-
ɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɠɟɡɿɩɫɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɍɯɨɞɿɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɭɝɧɿɡɞɿɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɠɭɬɶɡɹɜɢɬɢɫɹɜɿɞɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹɤɚɜɨɜɨʀɝɭɳɿ
ɹɤɿɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɝɭɛɤɢɊɢɫɚɛɨɩɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɜɲɢɜɨɞɭɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢ
ɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
ɐɸɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɨɩɨɥɿɫɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɝɧɿɡɞɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨɩɿɫɥɹ
ɤɨɠɧɢɯɩɨɞɚɱɤɚɜɢ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɚɜɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤ ɳɨɛɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɱɧɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢɜɨɞɭȾɨɱɟ-
ɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɞɨɤɢɛɭɞɟɩɨɞɚɧɨɳɨɧɚɣɦɟɧɲɟɦɥɜɨɞɢ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȠȞȡȏȘȖȝȜȒȎȥȳȝȎȞȖȑȎȞȭȥȜȴȐȜȒȖ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ȼɢɤɨɧɭɣɬɟɰɸɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɤɨɥɢɬɪɭɛɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɯɨɥɨɞɧɚɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɨɩɿɤɿɜ
ɉɿɫɥɹɤɨɠɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɨɱɢɳɚɣɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɜɨɥɨɝɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɳɨɛɜɢɞɚ-
ɥɢɬɢɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɦɨɥɨɤɚɓɨɛɜɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɦɨɥɨɤɚɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɞɿɹɬɢɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦ
ɱɢɧɨɦ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɩɚɪɢ Ɋɢɫȼɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɩɨɞɚ-
ɱɭɩɚɪɢɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɸɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɳɨɛɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɢɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɚɪɢ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ+ɳɨɛɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɊɢɫ
ɉɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɡɜɢɱɧɢɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ
ɁɧɿɦɿɬɶɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɭɬɪɭɛɤɭɊɢɫɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɩɨɬɹɝ-
ɧɭɜɲɢʀʀɜɧɢɡɉɨɦɢɣɬɟɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɈɬɜɿɪɦɨɠɧɚɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɭɬɪɭɛɤɭ.ɞɨ ɤɿɧɰɹɯɨɞɭȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɩɪɨɲɬɨɜɯɧɭɜɲɢʀʀ ɜɝɨɪɭ
əɤɳɨɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸ4ɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɨɬɜɿɪɜɢɯɨɞɭɩɚɪɢɊɢɫ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȏȎȘȡȒșȭȐȜȒȖ
ɉɟɪɿɨɞɢɱɧɨɨɱɢɳɚɣɬɟɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɸɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɛɚɤɭɞɥɹɜɨɞɿɝɭɛɤɨɸɚɛɨɜɨɥɨɝɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȘȜȞȝȡȟȡȝȞȖșȎȒȡ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɿɦɢɣɧɿɡɚɫɨɛɢ
ɑɢɫɬɿɬɶɧɟɪɭɯɨɦɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɨɥɨɝɨɸɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɳɨɛɧɟɩɨɲɤɨɞɢɬɢɤɨɪɩɭɫ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȕțȳȚțȜȴȞȓȦȳȠȘȖȳȝȳȒȒȜțȡȒșȭȘȞȎȝȓșȪ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɧɚɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɨɦɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɿɡɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɨɸɜɢɥɤɨɸɜɿɞɟɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɉɟɪɿɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɩɨɪɨɠɧɸɣɬɟɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ)
ɉɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɢɣɩɨɩɥɚɜɰɟɦ,Ʉɨɥɢɩɨɩɥɚɜɨɤɩɿɞɧɿɦɟɬɶɫɹɡɩɿɞɡɧɿɦɧɨʀɪɟɲɿɬɤɢɰɟɛɭɞɟ
ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɢɩɪɨɬɟɳɨɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɢɣɜɨɞɨɸɿɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɛɭɬɢɫɩɨɪɨɠɧɟɧɢɣ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ)Ɋɢɫ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɡɧɿɦɧɭɪɟɲɿɬɤɭ(Ɋɢɫ
ɋɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɬɶɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ)ɭɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɭ
163
UA
ɉɨɦɢɣɬɟɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɿɡɧɿɦɧɭɪɟɲɿɬɤɭɫɜɿɠɨɸɜɨɞɨɸ
ȼɢɬɪɿɬɶɞɨɫɭɯɚɫɭɯɨɸɫɟɪɜɟɬɤɨɸ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɡɧɿɦɧɭɪɟɲɿɬɤɭ(ɭɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ)Ɋɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ)ɜɨɫɧɨɜɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɊɢɫ
ǰǶDzǮǹdzǻǻȍǻǮǸǶǽȁ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɨɰɟɬɚɛɨɿɧɲɿɡɚɫɨɛɢɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɟɧɿɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɿɩɚɪɨɸɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ
ɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ɏɨɪɨɲɟɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɟɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɿɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɿɱɢɫɬɤɢɡɚɯɢɳɚɸɬɶɿɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɸɬɶɫɩɪɚɜɧɿɫɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɪɨ-
ɬɹɝɨɦɞɨɜɲɨɝɨɱɚɫɭɿɡɧɚɱɧɨɡɦɟɧɲɭɸɬɶɪɢɡɢɤɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɭəɤɳɨɩɨɩɪɢɜɫɿ
ɡɚɯɨɞɢɡɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɱɟɪɟɡɩɟɜɧɢɣɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɚɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɨɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɡɚɝɪɨɡɨɸɱɟɪɟɡɱɚɫɬɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɠɨɪɫɬɤɨʀɚɛɨɜɚɩɧɢɫɬɨʀɜɨɞɢɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɡɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɳɨɛɭɫɭɧɭɬɢɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɿɫɬɶ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɞɥɹɰɿɽʀɦɟɬɢɡɚɫɿɛɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɿɥɢɦɨɧɧɨʀɤɢɫɥɨɬɢȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ
ɞɥɹɰɿɽʀɦɟɬɢɡɚɫɿɛɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɿɥɢɦɨɧɧɨʀɤɢɫɥɨɬɢɐɟɣɡɚɫɿɛɦɨɠɧɚɩɪɢɞɛɚɬɢɭ
ɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ
Ƚɣɫɩɜɨɣɥ ɨɠ ɨɠɬɠ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɢɛ ɪɩɳɥɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭʀɝ ɪɫɣɬɭɫɩɹ ɴɩ
ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɠɨʀɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺɧɨɠɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɰɢɛɬɩɜʀɝɢɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɪɫɣɬɮɭɨɩɬɭʀɰʀɧʀɲɨɣɰɟɩɜɛɝɩɥ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɽɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɤɨɥɢɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɝɨɪɹɬɶɱɟɪɜɨɧɢɦɤɨɥɶɨ-
ɪɨɦɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɞɿɹɬɢɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ+ɳɨɛɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɊɢɫȼɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
Ⱦɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɡɝɧɿɡɞɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɪɿɜɧɹ0$;Ⱦɨɞɚɣɬɟɡɚɫɿɛɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭ
ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɛɚɤɭɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɩɿɞɝɧɿɡɞɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɽɦɤɿɫɬɶɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɝɨɨɛ¶ɽɦɭɳɨɛɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɢɜɨɞɭɡ
ɛɚɤɭɋɩɪɹɦɭɣɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɭɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ+ɊɢɫȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɤɧɨɩɨɤ
ɩɨɱɧɭɬɶɝɨɪɿɬɢɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ
Ɉɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɚɜɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɚɜɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤɿɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɢɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨɧɚ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞɢɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɚɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɫɹɿɪɨɡɱɢɧɳɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɛɚɤɭɞɥɹ
ɜɨɞɢɩɨɱɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɤɧɨɩɨɤɩɨɞɚɱɿɱɚɲɤɢ
ɱɚɲɨɤ ɿɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɚɪɢ ɛɭɞɭɬɶɛɥɢɦɚɬɢ
ɇɚɤɢɩɛɭɞɟɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɢɣɿɡɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɭɪɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɉɿɫɥɹɫɟɪɿʀɩɪɨɦɢɜɨɤɬɚɩɚɭɡɰɢɤɥɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɶɫɹɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɩɨɞɚɱɿɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢ
ɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɩɨɱɧɭɬɶɝɨɪɿɬɢɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ
ɋɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɜɿɞɡɚɥɢɲɤɿɜɪɨɡɱɢɧɭɉɪɨɩɨɥɨɫɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸ
Ɉɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɚɜɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɤɢɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɚɜɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤɿɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɢɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨ
ɧɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɢɊɨɡɩɨɱɧɟɬɶɫɹɮɚɡɚɨɩɨɥɿɫɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɿɜɨɞɚɳɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹɭɛɚɤɭɩɨɱɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɡ
ɝɧɿɡɞɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɡɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɤɧɨɩɨɤɩɨɞɚɱɿ
ɱɚɲɤɢ ɱɚɲɨɤ ɿɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɚɪɢ ɛɭɞɭɬɶɛɥɢɦɚɬɢ
ɉɿɫɥɹɫɟɪɿʀɩɪɨɦɢɜɨɤɬɚɩɚɭɡɰɢɤɥɨɩɨɥɿɫɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɶɫɹɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɢɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ+Ɋɢɫȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɛɭɞɭɬɶɝɨɪɿɬɢɛɿɥɢɦ
ɤɨɥɶɨɪɨɦ
ɚɥɴɩʀɨɟɣɥɛɭɩɫɣɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɭɣɧɮɭɷɞɩɫʀɭɣɲɠɫɝɩɨɣɧɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɧɪɩɝɭɩɫʀɭɷɱɣɥɦɝɣɟɛɦɠɨɨɺɨɛɥɣɪɮ
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ǰǶǰǥDzǵdzǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǥǦ
ɍɪɚɡɿɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɡɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɟɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɋɩɨ-
ɪɨɠɧɿɬɶɿɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɞɢɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ©ɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɥɚɞɭªɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɧɟɨɛɯɿɞ-
ɧɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢɪɨɡɞɿɥɟɧɧɹɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜɹɤɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢɫɹɭɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɬɚʀɯɩɟɪɟɪɨɛɤɭ
ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɜɿɞʀɯɫɤɥɚɞɭɬɚɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɶɡɚɤɨɧɿɜɳɨɞɿɸɬɶɭɄɪɚʀɧɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ǽǥDzǸǮǵǸǶDzǹȍǰǶǾǥȆdzǻǻȍDzdzȍǸǶȃǽǾǼǯǹdzǺ
əɤɳɨɜɪɨɛɨɬɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɢɧɢɤɧɭɬɶɧɟɩɨɥɚɞɤɢɧɟɝɚɣɧɨɜɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɣɨɝɨɿɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɂ ɉɊɂɑɂɇɂ ȼɂɊȱɒȿɇɇə
Ʉɚɜɚɧɟɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɚɛɨɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨ
Ȼɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ2ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨɝɚɧɨ Ⱦɨɛɪɟɜɫɬɚɜɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɩɪɢɬɢɫɧɭɜɲɢɣɨɝɨ
ɞɨɤɿɧɰɹ
Ȼɚɤɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɣ ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨ
ɪɿɜɧɹ0$;Ɋɢɫ
Ɉɬɜɨɪɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɭɝɧɿɡɞɿɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿ ȼɜɿɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɛɟɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɬɿɬɶɜɨɞɭəɤɳɨɜɨɞɚɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɭɽ
ɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɧɟɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɡɭɫɿɯɨɬɜɨɪɿɜɜɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟ
ɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭ
ȼɢɯɿɞɧɢɣɨɬɜɿɪɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɞɥɹ
ɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɢɣ ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ
ɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ/ɿɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿ1
ɳɨɛɡɧɢɡɢɬɢɬɢɫɤɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɤɨɧɬɭɪɭɉɨɬɿɦ
ɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢ
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɢɣ
ɨɬɜɿɪɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɉɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɮɿɥɶɬɪɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ
ɭɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ©ɑɢɫɬɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɜɞɥɹɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢª
Ɂɚɧɚɞɬɨɦɿɥɤɢɣɩɨɦɟɥɤɚɜɨɜɨʀ
ɫɭɦɿɲɿ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɭɦɿɲɿɡɝɪɭɛɿɲɢɦ
ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɦɩɨɦɟɥɭ
Ɂɚɧɚɞɬɨɫɩɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɚɤɚɜɨɜɚ
ɫɭɦɿɲ ɋɩɪɟɫɨɜɭɣɬɟɤɚɜɭɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɡɦɟɧɲɨɸɫɢɥɨɸ
Ɏɿɥɶɬɪɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɤɚɜɢ ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɦɟɧɲɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɤɚɜɢ
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UA
ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɂ ɉɊɂɑɂɇɂ ȼɂɊȱɒȿɇɇə
Ʉɚɜɚɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɱɟɪɟɡɤɪɚʀɞɟɪɠɚɤɚ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
Ƀɦɨɜɿɪɧɨɳɨɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɧɚɫɢɩɚɧɨ
ɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ
ɹɤɚɡɚɜɚɞɢɥɚɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɡɚɬɹɝɧɭɬɢ
ɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɿ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶ
ɝɧɿɡɞɨɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɝɭɛɤɨɸɊɢɫɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɩɨɤɥɚɜɲɢɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭ
ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɤɚɜɢ
ɇɚɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱɿɝɧɿɡɞɚɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ
ɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɡɚɥɢɲɢɥɢɫɶ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɨɸ
ɚɛɨɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɊɢɫ
ȼɢɯɿɞɧɢɣɨɬɜɿɪɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɞɥɹ
ɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɢɣ ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ
ɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ/ɿɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿ1
ɳɨɛɡɧɢɡɢɬɢɬɢɫɤɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɤɨɧɬɭɪɭɉɨɬɿɦ
ɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢ
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɢɣ
ɨɬɜɿɪɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɉɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɮɿɥɶɬɪɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ
ɭɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ©ɑɢɫɬɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɜɞɥɹɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢª
Ⱦɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɱɚɥɞɚ ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ
ɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ/ɿɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿ1
ɳɨɛɡɧɢɡɢɬɢɬɢɫɤɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɤɨɧɬɭɪɭɉɨɬɿɦ
ɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɝɧɿɡɞɨɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸ
ɊɢɫɁɚɦɿɧɿɬɶɱɚɥɞɭɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
Ⱦɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɛɭɜ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɧɚɞɿɣɧɨ
ɡɽɞɧɚɧɿɣɡɮɥɚɧɰɟɦɊɢɫ
ɉɨɞɚɱɚɤɚɜɢ
ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɲɜɢɞɤɨ
Ɂɚɧɚɞɬɨɝɪɭɛɢɣɩɨɦɟɥɤɚɜɨɜɨʀ
ɫɭɦɿɲɿ ɓɨɛɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɛɿɥɶɲɧɚɫɢɱɟɧɭɿɝɚɪɹɱɭɤɚɜɭɫɥɿɞ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɭɦɿɲɛɿɥɶɲɦɿɥɤɨɝɨɩɨɦɟɥɭ
Ɂɚɧɚɞɬɨɫɩɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɚɤɚɜɨɜɚ
ɫɭɦɿɲ ɋɩɪɟɫɨɜɭɣɬɟɤɚɜɭɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɡɦɟɧɲɨɸɫɢɥɨɸ
ɍɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɹɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɤɚɜɢ ɇɚɫɢɩɬɟɛɿɥɶɲɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɤɚɜɢɭɮɿɥɶɬɪ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɩɨɞɚɽ
ɩɚɪɭ ɉɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɞɨɫɹɝɧɭɜɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɩɨɞɚɱɿ Ⱦɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɤɧɨɩɤɚɩɚɪɢɩɨɱɧɟɝɨɪɿɬɢ
ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɜɤɚɡɭɸɱɢɧɚɬɟɳɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɭ
ɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɞɨɫɹɝɥɚɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɿɜɧɹɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɱɿ
ɩɚɪɢ
Ȼɚɤɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɣ ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨ
ɪɿɜɧɹ0$;Ɋɢɫ
Ȼɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ2ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨɝɚɧɨ Ⱦɨɛɪɟɜɫɬɚɜɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɩɪɢɬɢɫɧɭɜɲɢɣɨɝɨ
ɞɨɤɿɧɰɹ
Ɉɬɜɿɪɜɢɯɨɞɭɩɚɪɢɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɢɣ ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɬɜɟɪɞɿ
ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɧɹɳɨɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹɭɨɬɜɨɪɿɬɪɭɛɤɢ
ɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɊɢɫɉɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶ
ɬɪɭɛɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɭ
ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ©ɑɢɫɬɤɚɬɪɭɛɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɝɚɪɹɱɨʀ
ɜɨɞɢªəɤɳɨɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɧɟɭɫɭɧɭɬɚɩɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶ
ɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭ
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ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɂ ɉɊɂɑɂɇɂ ȼɂɊȱɒȿɇɇə
ɉɪɢɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢ
ɭɝɧɿɡɞɿɿɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɿ
ɛɚɤɚɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ
Ȼɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ2ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨɝɚɧɨ Ⱦɨɛɪɟɜɫɬɚɜɬɟɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɩɪɢɬɢɫɧɭɜɲɢɣɨɝɨ
ɞɨɤɿɧɰɹ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɞɢɜɧɨ
ɲɭɦɢɬɶɩɿɞɱɚɫ
ɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢ
Ɇɚɥɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢɿɧɚɫɨɫɧɟ
ɜɫɦɨɤɬɭɽ ɉɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟɳɨɛɪɿɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɢɭɛɚɤɭɛɭɜ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɢɣəɤɳɨɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɧɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɚɤ
ɫɜɿɠɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɪɿɜɧɹ0$;
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɤɧɨɩɨɤ
ɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɨɱɧɭɬɶ
ɝɨɪɿɬɢɱɟɪɜɨɧɢɦ
ɤɨɥɶɨɪɨɦ
ɉɨɬɪɟɛɭɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭ ȼɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɞɢɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ
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