Ariete 2867 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for 2867 by Ariete which is a product in the Tea Makers category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
COD. 6065193200 REV. 0 del 14/12/2017
MOD. 2867
827070
De’ Longhi Appliances Srl
Divisione Commerciale Ariete
Via San Quirico, 300
50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI) - Italy
E-Mail: info@ariete.net
Internet: www.ariete.net
Teiera elettrica
Tea Maker
Theiere electrique
Teekocher
Tetera electrica
Jarro electrico
Elektrisch theepot
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PRELIMINARY PHASES FOR USE
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
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Do not exceed the level indicated by MAX: danger of leakage of hot water from the jug.
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Groene thee & &
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Wanneer u de heetwaterfunctie heeft ingesteld wordt de waterpomp niet ingeschakeld.
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Waterdruppels onder de theepot zijn heel normaal: het is maar condens.
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ƴƸƧƵƫƬƣƮƧƵƱƲƣƳƱƯƧƥƸƧƫƳƫƦƫƱ
ȂȠȜȠȞȩIJȚȠȚıȣıțİȣȑȢțĮIJĮıțİȣȐıIJȘțĮȞıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮijȑȢIJȦȞțİȓȝİȞȦȞİȣȡȦʌĮȧțȫȞįȚĮIJȐ-
ȟİȦȞțĮȚțĮIJȐıȣȞȑʌİȚĮİȓȞĮȚʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣȝȑȞİȢıİȩȜĮIJĮįȣȞȘIJȚțȐİʌȚțȓȞįȣȞĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮįȚĮȕȐıIJİʌȡȠıİ-
țIJȚțȐIJȚȢʌȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢțĮȚȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȠȞȐȤĮȖȚĮIJȠıțȠʌȩʌȠȣʌȡȠȠ-
ȡȓȗİIJĮȚȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮțĮȚȗȘȝȚȑȢĭȣȜȐȟIJİʌȡȩȤİȚȡȠIJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠĮȣIJȩȖȚĮȞĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮ
IJȠıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȪİıIJİıIJȠȝȑȜȜȠȞǹȞʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮįȫıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİțȐʌȠȚȠȐȜȜȠȐIJȠȝȠșȣȝȘșİȓIJİȞĮIJȠȣ
ʌĮȡĮįȫıİIJİȝĮȗȓțĮȚIJȠʌĮȡȩȞİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ
ƲƳƱƤƭƧƲƱƮƧƯƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİIJıȐȚțĮȚȐȜȜĮĮijİȥȒȝĮIJĮ
ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ
ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠȞ
ȀĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȅȓțȠ Ƞ ȠʌȠȓȠȢ ĮʌĮȜȜȐııİIJĮȚ Įʌȩ țȐșİİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȠʌȠȚİıįȒʌȠIJİȕȜȐȕİȢʌȠȣșĮʌȡȠ-
țȪȥȠȣȞĮʌȩIJȘȞĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢǾĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘȑȤİȚıĮȞıȣȞȑʌİȚĮIJȘȞĮțȪȡȦıȘ
ȠʌȠȚĮıįȒʌȠIJİȝȠȡijȒȢİȖȖȪȘıȘȢ
ƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƫƴƥƫƣƵƣƧƥƬƣƶƮƣƵƣ
ȂȘȖİȝȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦĮʌȩIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘȖȚĮIJȓȣʌȐȡȤİȚțȓȞįȣ-
ȞȠȢİțIJȩȟİȣıȘȢțĮȣIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ȉȠȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩȘțĮȡȐijĮțĮȚȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȗİıIJĮșȠȪȞʌȠȜȪțĮIJȐ
IJȘȞʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮIJȠȣIJıĮȖȚȠȪȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȒIJȠȖȣĮȜȓIJȘȢ
țĮȡȐijĮȢȩIJĮȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȘıȣıțİȣȒȒȖȚĮȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐȝİIJȐIJȠıȕȒıȚȝȩIJȘȢ
ȆȡȚȞșȑıİIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮțȜİȓȞİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȘȢțĮȡȐijĮȢ
ȆȇȅǼǿǻȅȆȅǿǾȈǾȝȘȞĮijĮȚȡİȓIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚȩıȠȕȡȐȗİȚIJȠȞİȡȩ
ǹȞĮıȘțȫıIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮĮʌȩIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒIJȘȢ
ƴƩƮƣƯƵƫƬƧƴƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƫƴ
ǼȀǺǻǺȉȊǽȇȈȆȉǽȁȊȀȁǺȊȀȉȇǺȈǺȁǺȊȎȆǼǿĬȀǽȉ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȣIJȒʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȖȚĮȤȡȒıȘİȠȚțȚĮțȑȢİijĮȡȝȠȖȑȢțĮȚʌĮȡȩȝȠȚİȢȩʌȦȢ
ıİȝȚțȡȑȢțȠȣȗȓȞİȢȖȚĮIJȠʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȩıIJĮțĮIJĮıIJȒȝĮIJĮIJĮȖȡĮijİȓĮțĮȚȐȜȜȠȣȢ
İʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢȤȫȡȠȣȢ
ıIJĮĮȖȡȠțIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȖȚĮȤȡȒıȘĮʌȩIJȠȣȢʌİȜȐIJİȢıİȟİȞȠįȠȤİȓĮʌĮȞıȚȩȞțĮȚȐȜȜȠȣȢȤȫȡȠȣȢįȚĮȝȠȞȒȢ
ȈIJĮIJȠȣȡȚıIJȚțȐțĮIJĮȜȪȝĮIJĮIJȪʌȠȣįȚĮȞȣțIJȑȡİȣıȘȝİʌȡȦȧȞȩEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
ǻİȞĮȞĮȜĮȝȕȐȞȠȣȝİțĮȝȓĮİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȜĮȞșĮıȝȑȞȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȒȖȚĮ
țȐʌȠȚĮȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘʌȠȣįİȞĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮijȣȜȐııİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢIJȠȣİȡȖȠıIJĮıȓȠȣįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣ
ȩIJȚįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚįȦȡİȐȞIJİȤȞȚțȒȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȖȚĮIJȚȢȗȘȝȚȑȢʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘ-
țĮȞĮʌȩĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒĮʌȩȑȞĮ
İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
ǾȤȡȒıȘİȟĮȡIJȘȝȐIJȦȞʌȠȣįİȞıȣȞȚıIJȐȒįİȞȑȤİȚʌȡȠȝȘșİȪıİȚȠțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚ-
țȩȢȠȓțȠȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİȞȑȤİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠʌȣȡțĮȖȚȐȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢȒ
IJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ
45
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ǹʌĮȖȠȡİȪİIJĮȚȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦĮʌȩİIJȫȞțĮȚȐIJȠȝĮ
ȝİİȚįȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȒĮʌȩȐIJȠȝĮʌȠȣįİȞȑȤȠȣȞIJȘȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘʌİȓȡĮİțIJȩȢ
țĮȚĮȞİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȣʌİȪșȣȞȠʌȠȣȑȤİȚįȚĮȕȐıİȚțĮȚțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚIJȚȢ
ȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
IJĮʌĮȚįȚȐįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȞĮțȡȑȝİIJĮȚıİȝȚĮșȑıȘʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮIJȠʌȚȐıİȚȑȞĮ
ȝȚțȡȩʌĮȚįȓ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȖțĮIJĮȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘįȚȐșİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚ-
įȚȫȞįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJİȪıİIJİțȩȕȠȞIJĮȢ
IJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣȞĮIJĮȝȑȡȘ
IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȖȚĮȝȚțȡȐ
ʌĮȚįȚȐʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȩIJĮȞįİȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚʌȡȚȞ
ĮʌȩțȐșİİʌȑȝȕĮıȘıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢȒțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪ
ȆȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮȝİȞİȡȩȞĮıȕȒȞİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİ
ĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȂȘȞȣʌİȡȕİȓIJİIJȘıIJȐșȝȘʌȠȣ
įİȓȤȞİȚIJȠıȘȝȐįȚ0$;ȝȑȖȚıIJȠ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
ȂȘȞȕȡȑȤİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘțȓȞįȣȞȠȢȕȡĮȤȣ-
țȣțȜȫȝĮIJȠȢ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȩIJĮȞĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİıIJİĮʌȩIJȠȤȫȡȠʌȠȣ
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ
ȆȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțĮȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐ-
ȞİȚĮ
ǻİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȑʌİıİțȐIJȦĮȞȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞİȝijĮ-
ȞİȓȢȗȘȝȚȑȢȒȞĮʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚįȚĮȡȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ĮȞ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚ țȐʌȠȚĮ ĮȞȦȝĮȜȓĮ Ȓ ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ ȗȘȝȚȐ Ȓ ijșȠȡȐ ıIJȠ ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩ
țĮȜȫįȚȠȒIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣǵȜİȢȠȚİʌȚıțİȣȑȢțĮȚȘĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪ
țĮȜȦįȓȠȣ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ İțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚ ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐ Įʌȩ İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮ țȑȞIJȡĮ
IJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒĮʌȩIJİȤȞȚțȠȪȢIJȘȢ$ULHWHȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚ
ȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮȤȫȡȠȝİİʌĮȡțȒijȦIJȚıȝȩțĮȚȝİȝȚĮİȪțȠȜĮ
ʌȡȠıʌİȜȐıȚȝȘʌȡȓȗĮ
ȆȇȅȈȅȋǾ ȝȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİțİțȜȚȝȑȞȠİʌȓʌİįȠ
ȆȇȅȈȅȋǾ ȆȡȚȞĮȞĮıȘțȫıİIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȕİ-
ȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȒȘıȣıțİȣȒ
46
EL
ȂȘȞĮȞĮıȘțȫȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȚȐȞȠȞIJȐȢIJȘȞĮʌȩIJȠıȫȝĮȒIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠ-
ıȓĮȢȆȚȐıIJİIJȘȞĮʌȩIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ
ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐIJȘȞʌȡȠȝȘșİȣȩȝİȞȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢįȚĮIJȘ-
ȡİȓIJİIJȘȕȐıȘțĮșĮȡȒțĮȚıIJİȖȞȒ
ȂȘȖİȝȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦĮʌȩIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘȖȚĮIJȓȣʌȐȡȤİȚțȓȞįȣ-
ȞȠȢİțIJȩȟİȣıȘȢțĮȣIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ȆȡȚȞĮȞȐȥİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȑȤİIJİIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİȚıȦıIJȐIJȠțĮʌȐțȚ
IJȘȢțĮȡȐijĮȢ
ǹʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩ
ȂȘȖİȝȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮȝİȗİıIJȩȒțĮȣIJȩȞİȡȩ
ȉȠțĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐİȚIJĮȗİıIJȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȡȠijȠįȠIJİȓIJĮȚįȚĮȝȑıȠȣİȟȦIJİȡȚțȫȞȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȠʌIJȫȞ
ȒȐȜȜİȢİȖțĮIJĮıIJȐıİȚȢȝİIJȘȜİȤİȚȡȚıIJȒȡȚȠ
ȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȚȢȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȚĮıIJȡȐțȚĮțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢțĮȚ
ʌĮȞȚȐ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮİȡȚȠȪȤȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚįȚȠȟİȓįȚȠIJȠȣȐȞșȡĮțĮ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȣʌĮȓșȡȚȠȤȫȡȠ
ȂȘȞȕȐȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦȒțȠȞIJȐıİȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐȝȐIJȚĮȒȝȐIJȚĮĮİȡȓȠȣ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıIJȠȣȢĮIJȝȠıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢȕȡȠ-
ȤȒȒȜȚȠțȜʌ
ǹijȠȪȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮțĮȚĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıȠȣȞIJĮȗİıIJȐİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȚıIJİȓĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓȝȩȜȚȢȕȠȣ-
IJȘȖȝȑȞȠıIJȠȞİȡȩȝİȜȓȖİȢıIJĮȖȩȞİȢȠȣįȑIJİȡȠȣĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢȝȘȞ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑįȚĮȜȪIJİȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞȠȣȞȗȘȝȚȐıIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐ
īȚĮIJȘıȦıIJȒįȚȐșİıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȘȞǼȣȡȦʌĮȧțȒȅįȘȖȓĮ
Ǽ(ıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮįȚĮȕȐıİIJİIJȠİȚįȚțȩijȣȜȜȐįȚȠʌȠȣıȣȞȠįİȪİȚIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒ
ƷƶƭƣưƵƧƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƣƶƵƧƴ
47
EL
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
$ ȋİȚȡȚıIJȒȡȚĮ , ȆȜȒțIJȡȠȖȚĮȗȑıIJĮȝĮȞİȡȠȪıIJȠȣȢ&
% ǺȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ - ȆȜȒțIJȡȠȖȚĮȕȡȐıȚȝȠȞİȡȠȪ&
&ȀĮȡȐijĮ . ǼȟȐȡIJȘȝĮʌİȡȚIJȪȜȚȟȘȢțĮȜȦįȓȠȣ
DȋİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ / ȀĮȜȫįȚȠȘȜİțIJȡȠįȩIJȘıȘȢijȚȢ
E ȀĮʌȐțȚ 0ȈȘȝȐįȚıIJȠțĮʌȐțȚ
F ȊʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ ĬȑıȘĮȞȠȓȖȝĮIJȠȢIJȠȣțĮʌĮțȚȠȪ
G ȆȜȒțIJȡȠȖȚĮȗȑıIJĮȝĮȞİȡȠȪıIJȠȣȢ& ĬȑıȘĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣȝİijȓȜIJȡȠ
HȆȜȒțIJȡȠȖȚĮȗȑıIJĮȝĮȞİȡȠȪıIJȠȣȢ& ĬȑıȘțȜİȚıȓȝĮIJȠȢIJȠȣțĮʌĮțȚȠȪ
ƴǕǐNJǘdžǀǂǂǎǂDŽǎǟǒNJǔLjǓ
ȈIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚIJĮİȟȒȢıIJȠȚȤİȓĮĮȞĮȖȞȫȡȚıȘȢIJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢțĮȚıȒȝĮȞ-
ıȘ&(ǼȅȀ
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘȢ9țĮȚıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ+]
ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠȂȠG țĮIJĮȞĮȜȚıțȩȝİȞȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȚıȤȪȢ:
ĮȡıİȚȡȐȢ61 ʌȡȐıȚȞȠIJȘȜȑijȦȞȠįȦȡİȐȞțȜȒıȘIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘ
ǵIJĮȞĮʌİȣșȪȞİıIJİıIJĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȞĮĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠȝȠȞIJȑȜȠțĮȚIJȠȞ
ĮȡȚșȝȩıİȚȡȐȢIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢ
ƲƳƱƬƣƵƣƳƬƵƫƬƧƴƧƳƥƣƴƫƧƴƥƫƣƵƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ƪƾǔLjǔdžnjdžNJǕǐǖǒDŽǀǂ
ȆȡȚȞıȣȞįȑıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩįȓțIJȣȠȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘIJȠȣįȚțIJȪȠȣĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓȝİIJȘȞ
IJȐıȘʌȠȣĮȞĮȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮĮȞĮȖȞȫȡȚıȘȢʌȠȣȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩ IJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢIJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮȠȡȚȗȩȞIJȚĮțĮȚıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȒIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢțȠȞIJȐȒʌȐȞȦıİȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐȝȐIJȚĮțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢ
ȝȐIJȚĮțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢĮİȡȓȠȣȒțȠȞIJȐıİijȠȪȡȞȠȣȢȝȚțȡȠțȣȝȐIJȦȞ
ȉȠțĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțȡȑȝİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠIJȡĮʌȑȗȚȒIJȠȞʌȐȖțȠǹʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȠİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠȑȞĮȝȚțȡȩ
ʌĮȚįȓȞĮʌȚȐıİȚIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠțĮȚȞĮĮȞĮʌȠįȠȖȣȡȓıİȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ǹȞİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪȝĮțȡȪIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢIJȣȜȓȟIJİIJȠțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢǼȚțȉȠ
țĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐİȚIJĮȗİıIJȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȑIJıȚȫıIJİIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮȝȘȞijIJȐȞȠȣȞȞĮĮȖȖȓȟȠȣȞIJĮțĮȣIJȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢ
ƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƸƳƩƴƩƴ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢȖİȝȓıȝĮIJȠȢțĮȚĮįİȚȐıȝĮIJȠȢIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȑȤȠȞIJĮȢȕȖȐȜİȚIJȘȞțĮȡȐ-
ijĮĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩ
ȉȘȞʌȡȫIJȘijȠȡȐʌȠȣșĮĮȞȐȥİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖİȝȓıIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘ0$;ȆĮIJȒıIJİ
ȑȞĮĮʌȩIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮ*+,ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȢȩIJȠȣIJȠȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩȞĮįȚĮʌİȡȐıİȚIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣīȚĮ
48
EL
ȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹįİȚȐıIJİțĮȚȟİʌȜȪȞİIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘȞ
įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮįȪȠȒIJȡİȚȢijȠȡȑȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǽİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȉȠȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩȘțĮȡȐijĮțĮȚȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȗİıIJĮșȠȪȞʌȠȜȪ
țĮIJȐIJȘȞʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮIJȠȣIJıĮȖȚȠȪȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȒIJȠȖȣĮȜȓIJȘȢțĮȡȐijĮȢȩIJĮȞ
ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȘıȣıțİȣȒȒȖȚĮȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐȝİIJȐIJȠıȕȒıȚȝȩIJȘȢ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮ&ĮʌȩIJȘșİȡȝĮȞIJȚțȒȕȐıȘȆİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚıIJȘșȑıȘ ĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢIJȘȢ
ȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚțǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮǼȚțīİȝȓıIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮȝİ
ȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢıIJȘȞİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮǼȚțǾıIJȐșȝȘįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚʌȠIJȑȞĮİȓȞĮȚȤĮȝȘȜȩIJİȡȘĮʌȩIJȘ
ıIJȐșȝȘʌȠȣįİȓȤȞİȚȘȑȞįİȚȟȘİȜȐȤȚıIJȠ0,1ǼȚț
ȃșȟȤʍıȢȖįȔȟıijıijșȞȒȗțIJijșIJijȑȚȞșʍȡȤİıȔȥȟıțijȡIJșȞȑİț0$;ȜȔȟİȤȟȡȣıȜȢȡȓȣȘıIJijȡȫȟıȢȡȫįʍȪ
ijșȟȜįȢȑĴį.
ȆİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚıIJȘȞșȑıȘĮȞȠȓȖȝĮIJȠȢIJȠȣțĮʌĮțȚȠȪ ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚǺȐȜIJİıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣIJȘȞİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJıĮȖȚȠȪǼȚțȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚʌȐȞȦıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ǼȚțȆİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚıIJȘȞșȑıȘ ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ%
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮʌȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘǵȜĮIJĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒ-
ȞȠȣȞIJȡİȚȢijȠȡȑȢȉĮȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮʌĮȡĮȝȑȞȠȣȞĮȞĮȝȝȑȞĮȖȚĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮțĮȚȘıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚıİțĮIJȐ-
ıIJĮıȘĮȞĮȝȠȞȒȢǹȞįİȞIJİșİȓıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȘıȣıțİȣȒȝİIJȐĮʌȩįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮșĮıȕȒıİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȠȣĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓıIJȠȞIJȪʌȠIJıĮȖȚȠȪʌȠȣİʌȚșȣȝİȓIJİȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİǹȞșȑȜİIJİȞĮĮȜȜȐȟİIJİ
IJȠȞIJȪʌȠIJıĮȖȚȠȪȟĮȞĮʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠȓįȚȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠțĮȚȠȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮȢșĮİʌȚıIJȡȑȥİȚıIJȘȞțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘĮȞĮȝȠȞȒȢ
ȆȜȒțIJȡȠĬİȡȝȠ-
țȡĮıȓĮ
ȋȡȩȞȠȢ
ʌĮȡĮıțİȣȒȢ
ĮijİȥȒȝĮIJȠȢ
ȜİʌIJȐ
ĬİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ
įȚĮIJȒȡȘıȘȢIJȘȢ
șİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮȢ
ȋȡȩȞȠȢįȚĮIJȒȡȘıȘȢ
IJȘȢșİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮȢ
ȜİʌIJȐ
ȆȡȐıȚȞȠIJıȐȚ & &
ȀȩțțȚȞȠ IJıȐȚ ȉıȐȚ
Oolong & &
ȂĮȪȡȠ IJıȐȚ ȉıȐȚ ȝİ
ȐȡȦȝĮijȡȠȪIJȦȞ
& &
ȀĮȣIJȩȞİȡȩ & -&
ȉȠȞİȡȩȗİıIJĮȓȞİIJĮȚıIJȘȞİʌȚȜİȖȝȑȞȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮǾĮȞIJȜȓĮȞİȡȠȪİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚțĮȚĮȞIJȜİȓıȣȞȑȤİȚĮȞİȡȩ
ĮʌȩIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮʌȡȠȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣǹʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣİțȡȑİȚIJȠĮijȑȥȘȝĮțĮȚȤȪ-
ȞİIJĮȚıIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮǵIJĮȞĮțȠȪıİIJİIJȠȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȩȒȤȠȝʌȚʌıȘȝĮȓȞİȚʌȦȢȑȤİȚȢȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓȘijȐıȘ
ȑȖȤȣıȘȢțĮȚIJȠIJıȐȚİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȠȖȚĮȞĮIJȠĮʌȠȜĮȪıİIJİ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįȚĮIJȘȡİȓIJȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮIJȠȣIJıĮȖȚȠȪȒIJȠȣȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪȖȚĮȜİʌIJȐȩIJĮȞijIJȚȐȤȞİIJİIJıȐȚțĮȚ
ȖȚĮȜİʌIJȐȩIJĮȞʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȖȚĮțĮȣIJȩȞİȡȩȈIJȠIJȑȜȠȢȘıȣıțİȣȒıȕȒȞİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮ
ǺȟȒȥıijııʍțȝȒȠıțijșȝıțijȡȤȢȗȔįȜįȤijȡȫȟıȢȡȫșįȟijȝȔįȟıȢȡȫİıȟȚįıȟıȢȗȡʍȡțșȚıȔ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞĮȞȠȓȖİIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȘȢțĮȡȐijĮȢȩıȠȕȡȐȗİȚIJȠȞİȡȩȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİțIJȩȟİȣıȘȢȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ȇȢțȟįȟįIJșȜȬIJıijıijșȟȜįȢȑĴįįʍȪijșȖȑIJșijȢȡĴȡİȡIJȔįȣȖıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣıȔȟįțIJȖșIJijȓșIJȤIJȜıȤȓ
ǹȞĮıȘțȫıIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮĮʌȩIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒIJȘȢǺȖȐȜIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈİȡȕȓȡİIJİIJȠ
IJıȐȚıIJĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮȂİIJȐĮʌȩțȐșİȤȡȒıȘȞĮĮįİȚȐȗİIJİIJȠIJıȐȚʌȠȣȑȝİȚȞİıIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮ
ǿʍįȢȡȤIJȔįIJijįȗȡȟțİȔȧȟȜȑijȧįʍȪijșȟȜįȢȑĴįıȔȟįțįʍȪȝȤijįĴȤIJțȡȝȡȗțȜȓʍȢȪȜıțijįțȗțįIJȤȞʍȫ-
ȜȟȧȞį
49
EL
īȚĮȞĮțȐȞİIJİȠȚțȠȞȠȝȓĮıIJȠȡİȪȝĮȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȝȩȞȠIJȘȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪǹijȠȪȖȓȞİȚIJȠ
IJıȐȚșĮʌĮȡĮȝİȓȞİȚıIJȘȕȑȜIJȚıIJȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȖȚĮȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐ
ȂİIJȐIJȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȘȜİțIJȡȠįȩIJȘıȘȢıIJȠ
įȚĮȝȑȡȚıȝĮʌİȡȚIJȪȜȚȟȘȢțĮȜȦįȓȦȞ/
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǵȜİȢȠȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȠȣĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚ ʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚ ȝİıȕȘıIJȒıȣ-
ıțİȣȒțĮȚĮijȠȪȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȉĮțIJȚțȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘțĮȚțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢIJȘȞįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞıİȐȡȚıIJȘțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȖȚĮȝİȖȐȜȠ
ȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮȂȘȞʌȜȑȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞȂȘȤȡȘıȚ-
ȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌİȣșİȓĮȢİțIJȩȟİȣıȘȞİȡȠȪ
ȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİȡȖĮıȓĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȖȓȞİIJĮȚȩIJĮȞȘıȣıțİȣȒȑȤİȚIJȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌİȡȚȕȐȜ-
ȜȠȞIJȠȢ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕLjǓNjǂǒƽǗǂǓNjǂNJǕLjǓǃƽǔLjǓǕǒǐǗǐDžǐǔǀǂǓ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞʌȜȑȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓȖȚĮȞĮȝȘȖȓȞİȚȗȘȝȚȐıIJȚȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȈțȠȣʌȓıIJİ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕLjǓǖǑǐDžǐǘƿǓǗǀnjǕǒǐǖ
ǾȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJĮȚʌİȡȚȠįȚțȐȝİȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩțĮȚțȠȚȞȩĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȩ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǐǖǗǀnjǕǒǐǖǕǔǂDŽNJǐǞ
ȆȡȑʌİȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİʌİȡȚȠįȚțȐIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠIJıĮȖȚȠȪȝİȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩțĮȚțȠȚȞȩĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȩǹȞįİȞİțȡȑİȚIJȠ
IJıȐȚĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȒĮȞİțȡȑİȚʌȠȜȪĮȡȖȐʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJĮțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮIJıĮȖȚȠȪȋȡȘıȚ-
ȝȠʌȠȚİȓıIJİȑȞĮȕȠȣȡIJıȐțȚĮȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞĮijȒıİIJİ IJĮijȪȜȜĮIJıĮȖȚȠȪȞĮįȚİȚıįȪıȠȣȞıIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮ ȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮIJĮĮȞĮȡȡȠijȒıİȚȘ
ĮȞIJȜȓĮțĮȚȞĮijȡȐȟȠȣȞIJĮıȦȜȘȞȐțȚĮțȣțȜȠijȠȡȓĮȢIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
ƣǗǂǀǒdžǔLjǂnjƽǕǚǎ
ȂȚĮțĮȜȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘțĮȚȑȞĮȢIJĮțIJȚțȩȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȐȡȚıIJȘțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȖȚĮȝİȖȐȜȠ
ȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮǹȞȩȝȦȢȝİIJȘȞʌȐȡȠįȠIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐıİȚțȐʌȠȚİȢ
ĮȞȦȝĮȜȓİȢİȟĮȚIJȓĮȢIJȘȢȤȡȒıȘȢȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮıțȜȘȡȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝİȝİȖȐȜȘʌİȡȚİțIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮĮȜȐIJȦȞȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮ
ʌȡȠȕİȓIJİıIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȒIJȠȣȢȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİIJȘȞțĮȞȠȞȚțȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȖȚĮĮȣIJȩ
IJȠıțȠʌȩĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐIJȠʌȡȠȧȩȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞȝİȕȐıȘIJȠțȚIJȡȚțȩȠȟȪǾ$ULHWHįİȞĮȞĮȜĮȝȕȐȞİȚ
țĮȝȓĮİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȗȘȝȚȑȢıIJĮİıȦIJİȡȚțȐİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢʌȠȣȠijİȓȜȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘȤȡȒıȘĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȦȞ
ʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȦȞȝİȤȘȝȚțȑȢȠȣıȓİȢīȚĮIJȘȞįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢIJȦȞĮȜȐIJȦȞıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȣșİȓIJİIJȠȑȞIJȣʌȠȠįȘȖȚȫȞ
ʌȠȣșĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢ
ƣƸƳƩƴƵƧƶƴƩƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘșȑıȘȢİțIJȩȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮʌȠıȣȞįȑıİIJİȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐȀȩȥIJİIJȠ
țĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘįȚȐȜȣıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȟİȤȦȡȓıİIJİIJĮįȚȐijȠȡĮȣȜȚțȐțĮIJĮıțİȣȒȢıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȘȞ
ıȪȞșİıȒIJȠȣȢțĮȚIJȚȢȚıȤȪȠȣıİȢįȚĮIJȐȟİȚȢıIJȘȋȫȡĮıĮȢ
50
RU
ǿǼDzdzǾǴǮǻǶdzDzǮǻǻǼǷǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶǶ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɧɨɪɦɢɜɫɟɟɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɡɚ-
ɳɢɬɨɣɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢɦɟɪɚɦɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɢɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɜɦɢɩɨ-
ɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɜ
ɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟȿɫɥɢɜɵɪɟɲɢɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɪɭɤɢɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɟɪɟ-
ɞɚɬɶɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɷɬɭɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ǻǮǵǻǮȅdzǻǶdzȁǿȀǾǼǷǿȀǰǮ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɱɚɹɢɬɪɚɜɹɧɵɯɧɚɫɬɨɟɜ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢ-
ɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɣɫɹɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ
Ʌɸɛɵɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɵɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɫɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɦɫɫɟɛɹɜɫɹɤɭɸɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɡɚɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ
ɩɨɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɬɚɤɨɝɨɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɜɥɟɱɟɬɡɚ
ɫɨɛɨɣɨɬɦɟɧɭɥɸɛɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
ǺdzǾȉǽǾdzDzǼǿȀǼǾǼǴǻǼǿȀǶDzǹȍǽǾdzDzǼȀǰǾǮȇdzǻǶȍǼǴǼDZǼǰ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹȼɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɫɬɶɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɱɚɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɢɥɶɧɨɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɟɜɨɞɵɪɟɡɟɪ-
ɜɭɚɪɚɢɛɚɡɵɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɤɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɟɢɥɢɫɬɟɤɥɭ
ɤɭɜɲɢɧɚɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɨɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɫɪɚɡɭ
ɠɟɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɟɪɟɞɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɟɝɞɚɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɬɶɟɝɨɤɪɵɲɤɭ
ɆȿɊɕ ɉɊȿȾɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɈɋɌɂɇɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹɡɚɤɢɩɚɧɢɹɜɨɞɵ
ɉɨɞɧɢɦɚɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɪɭɱɤɢ
ǽǾǮǰǶǹǮȀdzȃǻǶǸǶǯdzǵǼǽǮǿǻǼǿȀǶ
ɊɀɋɀȿɊɀɋȽɖɇɃɌɊɉɆɗɂɉȽȻɈɃɀɇɊɋɃȼɉɋȻɈɀɉȼɐɉȿɃɇɉȽɈɃɇȻ-
ɍɀɆɗɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɍɗɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɎəɃɈɌɍɋɎɅɑɃə
ɗɬɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɢɥɢ
ɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɫɧɢɦɢɤɚɤɬɨ
ɜɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɜɨɮɢɫɨɜɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɨɬ-
ɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ
ɧɚɮɟɪɦɚɯ
ɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɦɨɬɟɥɟɣɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣɠɢɥɨɝɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɜɦɟɫɬɚɯɬɢɩɚɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɜɰɟɥɹɯɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɦɪɭɤɨ-
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
51
RU
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɬɤɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɟɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɣɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɩɪɢɟɝɨɨɬɫɵɥɤɟɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪ-
ɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɨɜɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɢɥɢɧɟ
ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɭɞɚɪɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɨɤɚɢɥɢɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹɜɪɟɞɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ
Ɋɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɟɬɶɦɢɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬɢɥɢɰɚ-
ɦɢɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɦɢɢɥɢɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɩɨɫɨɛ-
ɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɛɟɡɨɩɵɬɚɢɥɢɭɦɟɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɨɦɢɥɢɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟ-
ɧɢɣɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɨɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɯɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɹɯ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɞɟɬɹɦɢɝɪɚɬɶɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɦɟɫɬɟ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɫɪɨɤɚɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɹɯɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɫɞɟɥɚɜɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɧɟɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɩɨ-
ɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɝɪɭɲɤɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɜɵɬɚɫɤɢɜɚɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɤɚɠɞɵɣɪɚɡɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɢɫ-
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɢɥɢɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɫɥɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶɟɝɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɢɥɢɪɟɦɨɧɬ
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɚɡ ɜɵɧɢɦɚɬɶ
ɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ɂɡɛɟɝɚɣɬɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫɜɨɞɨɣɞɟɬɚɥɟɣɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɞɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɟɝɨɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɬɨɨɧɧɟɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣɷɤɫɩɥɭ-
ɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɥɢɭɬɟɱɤɢɜɨɞɵɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬ-
ɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɫɥɢɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɢɥɤɚɢɥɢɫɚɦɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɢɦɟɸɬɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɅɸɛɵɟɜɢɞɵɪɟɦɨɧɬɚɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɡɚɦɟɧɭɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ-
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯȺɪɢɷɬɟɢɥɢ
ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ$ULHWHɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɪɢɫɤɨɜ
52
RU
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɜɯɨɪɨɲɨɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɟɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɫɥɟɝɤɨɞɨ-
ɫɬɭɩɧɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɨɣ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɫɧɹɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɫɛɚɡɵɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦ
ɑɬɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧ
ɋɧɢɦɚɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɫɛɚɡɵɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɟɪɠɚɟɝɨɡɚɪɭɱɤɭɚɧɟ
ɡɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɢɥɢɡɚɫɚɦɭɛɚɡɭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɸɳɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɢɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤ-
ɬɚɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢɋɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɛɚɡɚɜɫɟɝɞɚɛɵɥɚɜɱɢɫɬɨɦɢɫɭɯɨɦɫɨ-
ɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹȼɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɫɬɶɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɤɪɵɲɤɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɧɚɤɭɜɲɢɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦ
ɤɚɤɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɤɨɝɞɚɜɧɟɦɧɟɬɜɨɞɵ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɣɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɢɥɢɤɢɩɹɳɟɣɜɨɞɨɣ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɱɚɫɬɹɦɢ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɢɥɢ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɡɚɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯɩɨɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɭ
ɇɟɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢɢɥɢ
ɬɪɹɩɤɢ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɜɨɞɭɫɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨɝɚɡɚ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢɨɬɝɚɡɨ-
ɜɨɣɢɥɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɥɢɬɵ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɞɨɠɞɹɫɨɥɧ-
ɰɚɢɬɞ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɜɢɥɤɢɨɬɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɢɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢ-
ɛɨɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɟɝɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɥɟɝɤɚɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɧɨɣ
ɦɹɝɤɨɣɬɤɚɧɢɫɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɨɸɳɟ-
ɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɧɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɜɪɟ-
ɞɢɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ
ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɨɣ8(ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɢɦɟɸɳɟɣɫɹɜɤɨɦ-
ɩɥɟɤɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɚɦɹɬɤɨɣ
ȃǾǮǻǶȀȊǻǮǿȀǼȍȇdzdzǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
53
RU
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdzǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
$ ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ . Ʉɧɨɩɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
&
% Ȼɚɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
&Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ / Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɣɛɚɪɚɛɚɧ
DɊɭɱɤɚ 0ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɲɧɭɪɜɢɥɤɚ
E Ʉɪɵɲɤɚ 1 Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɚɧɚɤɪɵɲɤɟ
G Ⱦɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ Ɉɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɟɤɪɵɲɤɢ
HɄɧɨɩɤɚɞɥɹɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɜɨɞɵɞɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɫɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ
I Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɞɥɹɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɜɨɞɵɞɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
& Ɂɚɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɟɤɪɵɲɤɢ
- Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɞɥɹɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
&
ǶȒȓțȠȖȢȖȘȎȤȖȜțțȩȓȒȎțțȩȓ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɣɩɨɞɛɚɡɨɣɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɭɤɚɡɚɧɵɜɫɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚȿɋ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟȼɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɆɨG ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ:
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣʋ61 ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɚɹɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɚɹɫɥɭɠɛɚɬɟɯɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɉɪɢɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢɡɚɹɜɤɢɜȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǽǼDzDZǼȀǼǰǶȀdzǹȊǻȉdzȂǮǵȉǽdzǾdzDzǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶdzǺ
ǽȜȒȑȜȠȜȐȘȎȘȫȘȟȝșȡȎȠȎȤȖȖ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɟɬɶɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɧɚɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟ-
ɧɢɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɞɚɧɧɵɦɦɟɫɬɧɨɣɫɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɉɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɚ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɟɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɥɢɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɛɥɢɡɢɢɥɢɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɬɨɣɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɥɢɝɚɡɨ-
ɜɨɣɞɭɯɨɜɤɟɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɛɥɢɡɢɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣɩɟɱɢ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɜɟɲɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɫɹɫɨɫɬɨɥɚɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɬɶɞɟɬɹɦɞɟɪɝɚɬɶɡɚ
ɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɱɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɬɢɤɩɚɞɟɧɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ȿɫɥɢɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɞɥɢɧɧɵɣɡɚɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɟɝɨɩɨɞɛɚɡɨɣɊɢɫɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ
ɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɱɚɫɬɹɦɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɱɬɨɛɵɞɟɬɹɦɛɵɥɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɫɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɨɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸɢɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɟɧɢɸɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɫɧɹ-
ɬɨɦɫɛɚɡɵɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɟɬɶɩɪɢɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢɜɧɟɦɜɨɞɵ
54
RU
ɉɪɢɩɟɪɜɨɦɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɤɭɜɲɢɧɞɨɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɇɚɠɚɬɶɨɞɧɭɢɡɤɧɨɩɨɤ
*+,ɉɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɩɨɤɚɝɨɪɹɱɚɹɜɨɞɚɩɪɨɫɨɱɢɬɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɮɢɥɶɬɪɈɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɨɬɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɞɥɹɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚȼɵɥɢɬɶɜɨɞɭɢɡɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɢɨɫɭɲɢɬɶɟɝɨɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶɷɬɭɨɩɟɪɚ-
ɰɢɸɞɜɚɢɥɢɬɪɢɪɚɡɚ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ƚɨɪɹɱɢɟɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɱɚɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɢɥɶɧɨɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɟɜɨɞɵɪɟɡɟɪ-
ɜɭɚɪɚɢɛɚɡɵɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɤɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɟɢɥɢɫɬɟɤɥɭɤɭɜɲɢɧɚɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɨɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɋɧɹɬɶɤɭɜɲɢɧ&ɫɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɉɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɭɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɞɟɪɠɚ-
ɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɋɧɹɬɶɫɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɊɢɫɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɫɜɟɠɟɣ
ɜɨɞɨɣɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɝɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɊɢɫɍɪɨɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɵɧɟɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɧɢɠɟɭɪɨɜɧɹɫɨɬɦɟɬɤɨɣ0,1Ɋɢɫ
Ɉɠɪɫɠɝɶɳɛɭɷɮɫɩɝɠɨɷɨɛɪɩɦɨɠɨɣɺɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫɛɬɩɭɧɠɭɥɩɤ0$;Fɮɴɠɬɭɝɮɠɭɩɪɛɬɨɩɬɭɷɝɶɭɠɥɛ-
ɨɣɺɞɩɫɺɲɠɤɝɩɟɶɣɢɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫɛ.
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɋɧɹɬɶ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɇɚɫɵɩɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɱɚɹɊɢɫɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɭɧɚɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɉɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ
ɤɪɵɲɤɭɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɧɚɛɚɡɭɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ%
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦȼɫɟɫɜɟɬɨɜɵɟɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ
ɡɚɝɨɪɹɬɫɹɢɩɨɝɚɫɧɭɬɬɪɢɪɚɡɚɅɚɦɩɨɱɤɢɛɭɞɭɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɫɟɤɭɧɞɡɚɬɟɦɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɵ-
ɤɥɸɱɚɬɫɹȿɫɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɫɟɤɭɧɞɨɧɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɇɚɠɚɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɞɥɹɜɵɛɨɪɚɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɝɨɜɢɞɚɱɚɹȾɥɹɫɦɟɧɵɜɢɞɚɱɚɹɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚɠɚɬɶɬɭɠɟ
ɤɧɨɩɤɭɢɱɚɣɧɢɤɜɟɪɧɟɬɫɹɜɫɩɹɳɢɣɪɟɠɢɦ
ɄɧɨɩɤɚɌɟɦɩɟɪɚ-
ɬɭɪɚ
ȼɪɟɦɹ
ɡɚɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɢɧɭɬɵ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɬɟɩɥɚ
ȼɪɟɦɹ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɬɟɩɥɚɦɢɧɭɬɵ
Ɂɟɥɺɧɵɣɱɚɣ & &
Ʉɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɱɚɣɑɚɣ ɨɨ-
ɥɨɧɝ
& &
ɑɺɪɧɵɣ ɱɚɣɎɪɭɤɬɨ-
ɜɵɣɱɚɣ
& &
Ƚɨɪɹɱɚɹɜɨɞɚ & -&
ȼɨɞɚɧɚɝɪɟɥɚɫɶɞɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɇɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɜɨɞɹɧɨɣɧɚɫɨɫɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɡɚɛɢɪɚɟɬ
ɜɨɞɭɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɹɟɟɱɟɪɟɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɁɚɬɟɦɧɚɩɢɬɨɤɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɁɜɭɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɱɬɨɷɬɚɩɡɚɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹɬɚɤɠɟɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɥɫɹɢ
ɱɚɣɝɨɬɨɜɤɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɸ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɱɚɹɢɥɢɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɧɭɬɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɫɥɢɛɵɥ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɱɚɣɢɦɢɧɭɬɟɫɥɢɩɪɨɫɬɨɧɭɠɧɚɝɨɪɹɱɚɹɜɨɞɚɉɨɫɥɟɷɬɨɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɵ-
ɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɫɚɦ
ɀɬɦɣɜɶɦɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɫɠɡɣɧɪɩɟɩɞɫɠɝɛɝɩɟɶɭɩɝɩɟɺɨɩɤɨɛɬɩɬɨɠɨɛɲɨɠɭɫɛɜɩɭɮ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɭɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɤɢɩɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨ-
ɜɟɧɢɹɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
Ɋɠɫɠɟɭɠɧɥɛɥɬɨɺɭɷɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫɬɜɛɢɶɮɜɠɟɣɭɠɬɷɝɭɩɧɒɭɩɪɫɣɜɩɫɝɶɥɦɹɲɠɨ
ɉɨɞɧɢɦɚɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɪɭɱɤɢɋɧɹɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɫɛɚɡɵɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚɥɢɬɶɱɚɣɜɱɚɲɤɢȼɵɥɢɜɚɬɶɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɣɫɹɱɚɣɩɨɫɥɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ɋɫɣɬɮɭɬɭɝɣɠɥɛɪɠɦɷɝɩɟɶɪɩɟɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫɩɧɬɲɣɭɛɠɭɬɺɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɶɧɺɝɦɠɨɣɠɧɸɭɩɭɩɦɷɥɩɥɩɨ-
55
RU
ɟɠɨɬɛɭ
Ⱦɥɹɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɤɢɩɹɬɢɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɨɞɵɉɨɫɥɟɩɪɢɝɨ-
ɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɱɚɣɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɦɢɧɭɬ
ɉɨɫɥɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɨɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ ɍɛɪɚɬɶɲɧɭɪ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ
ɫɟɤɰɢɸɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɣɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ/
ǼȅǶǿȀǸǮǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ʌɸɛɵɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɨɥɠɧɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɩɨɥɧɨɦɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ
ɢɡɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɢɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭ-
ɟɬɫɹɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɟɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ
ɦɵɬɶɟɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟɇɟɥɶɡɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɹɦɵɟɫɬɪɭɢɜɨɞɵ
Ʌɸɛɵɟɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢɩɨɱɢɫɬɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧ-
ɧɨɦɞɥɹɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȞȓȕȓȞȐȡȎȞȎȖȏȎȕȩȝȖȠȎțȖȭ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɟɦɵɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɱɢɫɬɤɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɥɚɠɧɭɸɬɤɚɧɶɢɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɱɬɨɛɵɧɟ
ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɟɝɨɤɨɪɩɭɫȼɵɫɭɲɢɬɶ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȢȖșȪȠȞȜȒȓȞȔȎȠȓșȭ
Ⱦɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚɤɠɟɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣɱɢɫɬɤɟɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɬɟɩɥɨɣɜɨɞɵɢɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨɦɨɸ-
ɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȥȎȗțȜȑȜȢȖșȪȠȞȎ
ɑɚɣɧɵɣɮɢɥɶɬɪɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɱɢɫɬɤɟɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɬɟɩɥɨɣɜɨɞɵɢɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨɦɨɸɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞ-
ɫɬɜɚȿɫɥɢɱɚɣɧɟɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬɫɨɜɫɟɦɢɥɢɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɢɡɧɟɝɨɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɱɚɹɉɪɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɦɨɠɧɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɭɸɳɟɬɨɱɤɭ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɱɚɣɧɵɯɥɢɫɬɶɟɜɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɜɵ-
ɡɜɚɬɶɡɚɤɭɩɨɪɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɚɫɨɫɚɢɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢɜɨɞɵ
ȁȒȎșȓțȖȓȖȕȐȓȟȠȘȜȐȜȑȜțȎșȓȠȎ
ɋɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɢɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɚɹɱɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ
ɟɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɞɟɥɚɹɪɢɫɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢ-
ɪɨɜɧɢɹɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦȿɫɥɢɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɷɬɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɱɟɪɟɡɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɠɟɫɬɤɨɣɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɨɞɵɬɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭ-
ɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚȾɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɞɥɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɨɬɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɨɣɧɚɤɢɩɢɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɣɤɢɫɥɨɬɵɎɢɪɦɚ$ULHWHɧɟɧɟɫɟɬɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɩɨ-
ɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɢɟɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɦɨɝɭɬɜɯɨɞɢɬɶɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɞɨɛɚɜɤɢȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɩɪɨ-
ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹɫɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɟɣɩɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
56
RU
ɞɥɹɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ǰȉǰǼDzǶǵȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɟɝɨɢɡɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɈɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɲɧɭɪ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɨɬɫɟɬɢ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɨɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢɫɪɨɤɚɟɝɨɫɥɭɠɛɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɶɞɪɭɝɨɬ
ɞɪɭɝɚɟɝɨɱɚɫɬɢɢɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶɢɯɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɸɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɢɩɨɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɨɧɢɫɨ-
ɫɬɨɹɬɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɫɬɪɚɧɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ⱦɚɬɚɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ61ZN\UDEFGHIJ
ɝɞɟZN±ɧɟɞɟɥɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
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DEFGHIJ±ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɈɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɧɢɡɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨ-
ɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɚɜɝɭɫɬɚɝɨɞɚ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜªɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨ-
ɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɞɟɤɚɛɪɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
%aȽɰȼɬɄɥɚɫɫ,±,3;
ɋɞɟɥɚɧɨɜɄɢɬɚɟ
ɂɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɈɈɈ©Ɇɟɞɢɚɬɟɯª
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɢɰɚɋɚɞɨɜɚɹɌɪɢɭɦɮɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɦɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɉɈɆ
,ɄɈɆ
ɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɍɫɚɱɟɜɚɞɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɨɦ,,ɤɨɦ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ'H¶/RQJKL$SSOLDQFHV6UO©ȾɟɥɨɧɝɢȺɩɩɥɚɟɧɫɢɫɋɊɅªȺɞɪɟɫɂɬɚɥɢɹɎɥɨɪɟɧɰɢɹ
ɄɚɦɩɢȻɢɡɟɧɰɢɨȼɢɚɋɄɭɢɪɢɤɨ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣɢɫɟɪɜɢɫ-
ɧɵɦɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɫɚɣɬɟKWWSZZZDULHWHQHWUXDVVLVWDQFH
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ɥɟɧɨ
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɦɟɫɬɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɣɫɪɨɤɝɨɞɚɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
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ǽǾǼȄdzǷǽǼǿǥǯǻǶǸ
ɉɨɩɪɢ ɬɟ ɳɨ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɢ ɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɿ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɯ ɞɿɸɱɢɯ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɿɜ
ɬɚɦɚɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɭɜɫɿɯɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɢɯɦɿɫɰɹɯɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɭɜɚɠɧɨɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢɡɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɿ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɧɟɳɚɫɧɢɯɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜɬɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶ
ɁɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɰɟɣɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɞɥɹɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿɣɭɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭɁɚɧɚɦɿɪɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢɰɟɣ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɧɲɨɦɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɭɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɫɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ǽǾǶǵǻǮȅdzǻǻȍ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɚɸ ɿ ɧɚɫɬɨʀɜ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɧ
ɡ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ
ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɛɭɞɶ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ɬɨɛɬɨ ɧɟ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ
ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɧɟɫɟɠɨɞɧɨʀɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿɡɚɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿɰɢɦɡɛɢɬɤɢɇɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɫɤɚɫɨɜɭɽɝɚɪɚɧɬɿɸɭɜɫɿɯʀʀɩɪɨɹɜɚɯ
ǵǮǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǻȍǽǾǼǼǽǥǸǶ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɳɟɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹɿɫɧɭɽ
ɪɢɡɢɤɛɪɢɡɨɤɤɢɩɥɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ȼɨɞɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɧ ɿ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɚɸ ɇɟ ɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɞɨ ɫɤɥɚ
ɝɪɚɮɢɧɚɤɨɥɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɚɰɸɽɬɚɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɯɯɜɢɥɢɧɨɞɪɚɡɭɩɿɫɥɹ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɡɚɤɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɝɪɚɮɢɧɚɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɭɜɿɦɤɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɁȺɋɌȿɊȿɀȿɇɇəɧɟɡɧɿɦɚɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɩɨɤɢɜɨɞɚɤɢɩɢɬɶ
ɉɿɞɧɿɦɿɬɶɝɪɚɮɢɧɡɚɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɭɪɭɱɤɭ
ǵǮǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǻȍǵǯdzǵǽdzǸǶ
ɎȽȻɁɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɄɍɀȲɈɌɍɋɎɅɑȲȳɊɀɋɀȿɊɉɒȻɍɅɉɇȽɃɅɉɋɃɌɍȻɈɈɚ
ɐɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɭɦɨɜɚɯɬɚɜɭɦɨɜɚɯ
ɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɯɞɨɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɚɫɚɦɟ
ɧɚɤɭɯɧɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɿɜɨɮɿɫɿɜɬɚɭɿɧɲɢɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ
ɭɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɤɥɿɽɧɬɚɦɢɝɨɬɟɥɿɜɦɨɬɟɥɿɜɬɚɿɧɲɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɠɢ-
ɜɚɧɧɹ
ɭɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯɬɢɩɭ©EHGDQGEUHDNIDVWª
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɚɛɨɡɚ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɟɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɭɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɿɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɿ
ɩɨɫɥɭɝɢɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɩɨɥɨɦɨɤɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɸ
ɜɢɪɨɛɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɨȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɭ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɱɢɯ ɳɨ ɧɟ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɞɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɚɛɨ
ɧɚɞɚɧɢɯɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɪɢɡɢɤɭɩɨɠɟɠɿɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ
58
UA
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɫɬɪɭɦɨɦɬɚɦɨɠɟɡɚɜɞɚɬɢɲɤɨɞɭɥɸɞɹɦ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɪɨɤɿɜɬɚɨɫɨɛɢɡɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢ-
ɦɢɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɢɦɢɚɛɨɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦ
ɞɨɫɜɿɞɨɦɚɛɨɡɧɚɧɧɹɦɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɚɛɨɩɿɫɥɹɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠɭɳɨɞɨɛɟɡ-
ɩɟɱɧɨɝɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɬɚɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɢɯɡɰɢɦɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
Ⱦɿɬɹɦɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɝɪɚɬɢɫɹɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɡɜɢɫɚɬɢɭɦɿɫɰɹɯɞɟɣɨɝɨɦɨɠɟɫɯɨɩɢɬɢɞɢɬɢɧɚ
ȿɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɩɨɪɭɱɡɞɿɬɶɦɢɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɽ
ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨʀɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ
ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɹɤɳɨ ɰɟɣ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɭɬɢɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ
ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɪɿɡɚɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨ ɩɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹ ɡ ɭɫɿɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ɳɨ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ ɪɢɡɢɤ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɹɤɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɥɹɿɝɨɪ
ȼɢɣɦɚɣɬɟɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶɧɭɜɢɥɤɭɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɤɨɥɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɚ
ɬɚɤɨɠɩɿɞɱɚɫɪɟɦɨɧɬɭɚɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢ ɜɢɦɢɤɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɿ ɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɭɣɬɟ ɜɢɥɤɭ ɤɚɛɟɥɸ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɧɜɨɞɨɸɇɟɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɣɬɟ
ɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɨɸ0$;
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
ɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢɩɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɸɧɚɩɪɭɝɨɸɞɨɜɨɞɢɊɢɡɢɤ
ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɡɚɦɢɤɚɧɧɹ
ɇɟ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɭ ɤɨɥɢ ɜɿɧ ɩɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɢɣ ɞɨ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀ
ɦɟɪɟɠɿ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɧɚɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɿɫɥɹɩɚɞɿɧɧɹɹɤɳɨɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɿɨɡɧɚɤɢ
ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɚɛɨ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɢɬɿɤɚɽ ɜɨɞɚ Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ ɹɤɳɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɜɢɥɤɚ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɿ ɚɛɨ ɹɤɳɨ ɫɚɦ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɢɣ ɍɫɿ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢ ɡɚɦɿɧɭ ɤɚɛɟɥɸ
ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɦɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ©$ULHWHªɚɛɨ
ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɫɬɚɦɢ ©$ULHWHª ɳɨɛ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ ɛɭɞɶ
ɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɭɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɿɡɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹɦɬɚ
ɡɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɸɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɸɪɨɡɟɬɤɨɸ
ɍȼȺȽȺ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɧɚɩɨɯɢɥɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɍȼȺȽȺɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɣɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɧ
ɡɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
59
UA
ɇɟɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɬɪɢɦɚɸɱɢɣɨɝɨɡɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɛɨɡɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɛɪɚɬɢɡɚɪɭɱɤɭ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɿɡ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ
ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɚɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɛɭɬɢɱɢɫɬɨɸɿɫɨɯɨɸ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɳɟɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹɿɫɧɭɽ
ɪɢɡɢɤɛɪɢɡɨɤɤɢɩɥɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɳɨɤɪɢɲɤɚ ɧɚɝɪɚɮɢɧɿ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɲɧɿɠ
ɜɦɢɤɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɇɟɜɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɤɨɥɢɜɧɶɨɦɭɧɟɦɚɽɜɨɞɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɧɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɚɛɨɨɤɪɨɩɨɦ
Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɇɟ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɭ ɚɛɨ
ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɿɣɧɨɤɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɯɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɨɧɶȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢɚɛɨɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɭɜɨɞɭɡɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɨɦɜɭɝɥɟɰɸ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɧɚɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɦɭɩɨɜɿɬɪɿ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɫɬɚɜɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɞɚɛɨɩɨɪɭɱɡɝɚɡɨɜɢɦɢɬɚɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɢ
ɩɥɢɬɤɚɦɢ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɿɞɞɿɽɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯɹɜɢɳɞɨɳɫɨɧɰɟɿɬɩ
ɉɿɫɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɹɤ ɜɢɥɤɭ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɨ ɚ ɝɚɪɹɱɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɥɢ
ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɦɨɠɧɚɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɡɥɟɝɤɚɡɦɨɱɟɧɨɸ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɦɚ ɤɪɚɩɥɹɦɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɚɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɸɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɨɛɭ ɧɟ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɪɨɡɱɢɧɧɢɤɢɳɨɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɭɸɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɢɤ
ȾɥɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɜɢɪɨɛɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨʀȾɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɢ
8( ɛɭɞɶ ɥɚɫɤɚ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɭ ɥɢɫɬɿɜɤɭ ɭ ɧɚɛɨɪɿɞɨ
ɜɢɪɨɛɭ
ǵǯdzǾǥDZǮǷȀdzȄȌǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥȌ
ǼǽǶǿǽǾǶǹǮDzȁ
$ Ʉɧɨɩɤɢ . Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɞɥɹɤɢɩɹɬɿɧɧɹɜɨɞɢ&
% ɉɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ / Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɢɣɤɚɧɚɥ
&Ƚɪɚɮɢɧ 0Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɢɥɤɚ
DɊɭɱɤɚ 1 ɉɨɡɧɚɱɤɚɧɚɤɪɢɲɰɿ
EɄɪɢɲɤɚ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹɤɪɢɲɤɢ
G Ⱦɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɜɢɬɹɝɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɡ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɨɦ
HɄɧɨɩɤɚɞɥɹɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɞɨ&
I Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɞɥɹɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɞɨ& ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɡɚɤɪɢɬɬɹɤɪɢɲɤɢ
- Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɞɥɹɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɞɨ&
60
UA
ǥȒȓțȠȖȢȳȘȎȤȳȗțȳȒȎțȳ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɹɤɚɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɧɚɧɢɠɧɿɣɱɚɫɬɢɧɿɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɿɬɚɤɿɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɿɞɚɧɧɿ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɿɦɚɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ&( ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɚɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹȼɿɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɆɨɞ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɚɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɶȼɬ
ɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ61 ɧɨɦɟɪɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɨʀɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨʀɥɿɧɿʀ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɝɨɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹɞɨɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɿɜɜɤɚɠɿɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɿɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǽdzǾdzDzǽǼȅǮȀǸǼǺǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ǰȐȓȒȓțțȭȐȓȘȟȝșȡȎȠȎȤȳȬ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɨɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶɳɨɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɜɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɭ
ɧɢɠɧɿɣɱɚɫɬɢɧɿɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɧɚɩɪɭɡɿɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɊɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɧɚɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɿɣɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɿ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɛɥɢɡɭ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɞ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɬɚ
ɝɚɡɨɜɢɦɢɩɟɱɚɦɢɚɬɚɤɨɠɛɿɥɹɦɿɤɪɨɯɜɢɥɶɨɜɢɯɩɟɱɟɣ
ɍɧɢɤɚɣɬɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɳɨɛ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɜ ɡɚ ɤɪɚɣ ɫɬɨɥɭ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɍɧɢɤɚɣɬɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɳɨɛ ɞɿɬɢ
ɫɯɨɩɢɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɦɨɝɥɢɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
əɤɳɨɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɞɨɜɝɢɣɧɚɦɨɬɚɣɬɟɣɨɝɨɩɿɞɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɨɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɊɢɫɄɚɛɟɥɶ
ɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɬɚɤɢɦɱɢɧɨɦɳɨɛɞɿɬɢɧɟɦɨɝɥɢɞɿɫɬɚɬɢɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧ
ǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥǦǵǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɧɚɥɢɜɚɧɧɹɬɚɜɢɥɢɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɤɨɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɧɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɨɤɪɟɦɨ
ɜɿɞɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɝɪɚɮɢɧɛɟɡɜɨɞɢ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɟɪɲɨɝɨɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɧɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɝɪɚɮɢɧɞɨɪɿɜɧɹ0$;ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɨɞɧɭɡɤɧɨɩɨɤ*+,
Ⱦɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɜɨɞɚɩɨɱɧɟɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɢɱɟɪɟɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚȼɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɳɨɛɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɋɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɬɶɿɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟɝɪɚɮɢɧɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɰɸɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɞɜɚɚɛɨɬɪɢɪɚɡɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ƚɚɪɹɱɿ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ȼɨɞɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɧ ɿ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɚɸ ɇɟ ɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɞɨ ɫɤɥɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɧɚ ɤɨɥɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɩɪɚɰɸɽɬɚɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɯɯɜɢɥɢɧɨɞɪɚɡɭɩɿɫɥɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɝɪɚɮɢɧ&ɡɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɤɪɢɲɤɭɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɧɹɬɬɹɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɊɢɫɁɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɡɝɪɚɮɢɧɚɊɢɫɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɝɪɚɮɢɧɛɚɠɚɧɨɸɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɸɫɜɿɠɨʀɩɢɬɧɨʀ
ɜɨɞɢɊɢɫɊɿɜɟɧɶɡɚɠɨɞɧɢɯɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɛɭɬɢɧɢɠɱɟɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɪɿɜɧɹ0,1Ɋɢɫ
Ɉɠɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɤɭɠɫʀɝɠɨɷɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɣɤʀɨɟɣɥɛɭɩɫɩɧ0$;ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɛɝɣɭɩɥɮɞɛɫɺɲɩʁɝɩɟɣɢɞɫɛɯɣɨɛ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɤɪɢɲɤɭ ɭ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɤɪɢɲɤɢ Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶ ɤɪɢɲɤɭ ɇɚɫɢɩɬɟ ɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɤ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɛɚɠɚɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɱɚɸɊɢɫȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶ ɤɪɢɲɤɭɧɚɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɤɪɢɲɤɭɭ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɝɪɚɮɢɧɧɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ%
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɭɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦȼɫɿɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɛɥɢɦɧɭɬɶɬɪɢɪɚɡɢɋɜɿɬɥɨɜɿ
ɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɛɭɞɭɬɶɝɨɪɿɬɢɫɟɤɭɧɞɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɭɪɟɠɢɦɨɱɿɤɭɜɚɧɧɹəɤɳɨɪɨɛɨɬɚɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɧɟ
ɚɤɬɢɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɫɟɤɭɧɞɜɿɧɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɜɢɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹ
61
UA
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɳɨɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɛɚɠɚɧɨɦɭɬɢɩɭɱɚɸȾɥɹɡɦɿɧɢɬɢɩɭɱɚɸɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɧɚɬɢɫɧɭɬɢ
ɬɭɠɤɧɨɩɤɭɿɱɚɣɧɢɤɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɬɶɫɹɭɪɟɠɢɦɨɱɿɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ʉɧɨɩɤɚ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɑɚɫɧɚɫɬɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ
ɯɜɢɥɢɧɢ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ
ɬɟɩɥɚ
ɑɚɫɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ
ɬɟɩɥɚɯɜɢɥɢɧɢ
Ɂɟɥɟɧɢɣɱɚɣ & &
ɑɟɪɜɨɧɢɣɱɚɣɭɥɭɧ & &
ɑɨɪɧɢɣɮɪɭɤɬɨɜɢɣɱɚɣ & &
Ɉɤɪɿɩ & -&
ȼɨɞɚɞɨɫɹɝɚɽɡɚɞɚɧɨʀɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢȼɨɞɹɧɢɣɧɚɫɨɫɚɤɬɢɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɿɧɟɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨɡɚɛɢɪɚɽɜɨɞɭɡɝɪɚɮɢɧɚ
ɩɨɞɚɸɱɢ ʀʀ ɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɤ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ Ɂ ɞɟɪɠɚɤɚ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɿɣ ɹɤɢɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɬɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɝɪɚɮɢɧ
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɣ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫɩɨɜɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɮɚɡɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɱɚɸ ɞɨ
ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɽɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɱɚɸɚɛɨɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɿɫɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɱɚɸɚɛɨ
ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɯɜɢɥɢɧ ɩɿɫɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɨɤɪɨɩɭɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɜɫɿɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɜɢɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ
ɚɥɴɩɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɩɯɮɨɥɱʀɹɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺɩɥɫɩɪɮɝɩɟɺɨɣɤɨɛɬɩɬɨɠɛɥɭɣɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɝɪɚɮɢɧɚɩɿɞɱɚɫɤɢɩɿɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɛɪɢɡɨɤɤɢɩɥɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
Ɋɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɤɭɠɬɺɴɩɪɫɣɦɛɟɝɣɧɥɨɮɭɣɤɪɠɫɳɨʀɡɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɭɣɞɫɛɯɣɨɢɪʀɟɬɭɛɝɥɣɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺ
ɉɿɞɧɿɦɿɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɧ ɡɚ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɭ ɪɭɱɤɭ ȼɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɧ ɜɿɞ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɇɚɥɢɣɬɟ ɱɚɣ ɭ
ɱɚɲɤɢɉɿɫɥɹɤɨɠɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɢɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɱɚɸɡɝɪɚɮɢɧɚ
Ɋɫɣɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷɥɫɛɪɠɦɷɝɩɟɣɪʀɟɞɫɛɯɣɨɩɧ²ɱɠɱʀɦɥɩɧɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɠɺɝɣɴɠɱɠɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɣɤɥɩɨɟɠɨɬɛɭ
Ⱦɥɹɟɤɨɧɨɦɿʀɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɟɧɟɪɝɿʀɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɿɥɶɤɢɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢɉɿɫɥɹ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɱɚɸɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɯɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ɉɿɫɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɭɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɿɣ
ɤɚɧɚɥ
ȅǶǿȀǸǮǽǾǶǹǮDzȁ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ȼɫɿ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɳɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɿ ɧɢɠɱɟ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɡ ɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɢɦ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ ɬɚ
ɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɨɸɜɢɥɤɨɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɢɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɿɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɚɰɟɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ɿ ɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɸɬɶ
ɣɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɦɢɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ɭ ɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɿ ɇɟ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɹɦɿɫɬɪɭɦɢɜɨɞɢ
ȼɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɤɨɥɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽɡɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨɝɨ
ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȑȞȎȢȖțȎȳȝȳȒȟȠȎȐȘȖȔȖȐșȓțțȭ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɦɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿ
ɑɢɫɬɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɜɨɥɨɝɨʀ ɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨʀ ɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɢ ɳɨɛ ɧɟ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɢɬɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ȼɢɬɢɪɚɣɬɟ
ɞɨɫɭɯɚ
62
UA
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȒȓȞȔȎȘȎȢȳșȪȠȞȎ
Ⱦɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɩɟɪɿɨɞɢɱɧɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɿɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨɝɨɦɢɣɧɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȥȎȗțȜȑȜȢȳșȪȠȞȎ
Ɏɿɥɶɬɪɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɩɟɪɿɨɞɢɱɧɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɿɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨɝɨɦɢɣɧɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭəɤɳɨɱɚɣ
ɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɚɛɨɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɜɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɱɚɸɿɡɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɢ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɁɚɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɫɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɿɬɤɨɸ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɣɬɟɱɚɣɧɨɦɭɥɢɫɬɸɩɨɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɢɭɝɪɚɮɢɧɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɣɨɝɨɦɨɠɟɡɚɫɦɨɤɬɚɬɢɧɚɫɨɫɳɨ
ɩɪɢɡɜɟɞɟɞɨɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɧɚɥɿɜɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɿʀɜɨɞɢ
ǰȖȒȎșȓțțȭțȎȘȖȝȡ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɢɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɿɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɚɰɟɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɿɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɸɬɶɣɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɤ
ɫɥɭɠɛɢɡɧɚɱɧɨɡɧɢɠɭɸɱɢɪɢɡɢɤɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɤɥɚɞɟɧɶɧɚɤɢɩɭəɤɳɨɩɨɩɪɢɜɫɿɡɚɯɨɞɢɡɞɨɝɥɹɞɭ
ɱɟɪɟɡɩɟɜɧɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɪɨɛɨɬɚɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɨɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɡɚɝɪɨɡɨɸɱɟɪɟɡɱɚɫɬɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɠɨɪɫɬɤɨʀɚɛɨ
ɜɚɩɧɢɫɬɨʀɜɨɞɢɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɡɦɚɲɢɧɢɳɨɛɭɫɭɧɭɬɢɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɿɫɬɶȾɥɹɰɶɨɝɨ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɫɿɛɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɿɥɢɦɨɧɧɨʀɤɢɫɥɨɬɢɄɨɦɩɚɧɿɹ³$ULHWH´
ɧɟɧɟɫɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜɦɚɲɢɧɢɳɨɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɦɢ
ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢɭɫɤɥɚɞɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɧɢɯɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯɡɚɫɨɛɿɜɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭ
ɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɶɜɤɚɡɿɜɨɤɳɨɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɿɜɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀɞɨɡɚɫɨɛɭɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭ
ǰǶǰǥDzǵdzǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǥǦ
ɍɪɚɡɿɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɡɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɟɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹȼɿɞɪɿɠɬɟ
ɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢɪɨɡɞɿɥɟɧɧɹɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜɹɤɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢɫɹɭɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɿ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɬɚʀɯɩɟɪɟɪɨɛɤɭɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɜɿɞʀɯɫɤɥɚɞɭɬɚɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɶɡɚɤɨɧɿɜɳɨɞɿɸɬɶɭɄɪɚʀɧɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
63
AR
ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ ﺔّﻴﻤﺤﻣو ،ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ
يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻠﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳاو صﺮﺤﺑ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ةءاﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
هﺬﻫ ﻖﻓرأ .ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌا ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻼﻟ ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا .راﴐﻷاو ثداﻮﺤﻟا عﻮﻗو ﻊﻨﳌ ،ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ
.ﻐﻠﻟ ﻪﺋاﺪﻫإ وأ ﻪﻌﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ضﺮﻐﻟا
ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻳ ﻻ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ دّرﻮﳌا ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻂﻘﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا تﺎﺑوﴩﳌا وأ يﺎﺸﻟا ﻀﺤﺘﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ
ﻐﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا يدﺆﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز .ﺔﻘﺋﻻ ﻏ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﻊﻧﺎﺼﻟا
.ﺎﻬﺘﻐﻴﺻ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻬﻣ ،نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﻖﺋﻻ
قوﺮﺤﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
˳Q˯˯ZT,leTs(ʉXʜ,%`lL,y2yts5e˰1p!`YaEeʝɱʘ
ʘx9`+,Lkz0p]`y.Q`,LXrZy0ʞrl(5`˯/0$ /+ɀ˼\NU0il]˽
.ﻪﺋﺎﻔﻃﻹ ﺔﻘﺣﻼﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا لﻼﺧو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا جﺎﺟز وأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺲﻤﻠﺗ
1p!`bzQ9bXZy0ʞEPɧ+ZaP
.ءﺎﳌا نﺎﻴﻠﻏ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺪﻌﺒﺗ ﻻ :έϳΫΣΗ
^`.`;)`BY˯qAX_ʙ(leZy0ʞNT/
نﺎﻣﻷا تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا صﺮﺤﺑ أﺮﻗا.
:
ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺎﻬﻬﺑﺎﺷ ﺎﻣو ﺔﻴﻟﺰﻨﳌا تﺎﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟا ﰲ لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻊﻨﺻو ﻢّﻤﺻ
;ﺐﺗﺎﻜﳌا ﰲو ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺘﻟا تﻼﺤﳌا ﻲﻔﻇﻮﳌ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﰲ -
;عراﺰﳌا -
;ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﻴﻨﻜﺴﻟا تﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟاو قدﺎﻨﻔﻟا ءﻼﻤﻋ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا -
.رﺎﻄﻓﻹاو ﺖﻴﺒﳌا لﺰﻧو -
Ua)e?0PʜrD(b]91p!`_˴M4lL!k`/ʌʜlLz`s5exMk=˯\ʁ`bf%ʘ
.ﺐﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻦﻋ
˼P+sɬ"k˯VzaQlL"k`EM`lfAʘzj!˯jz=`iʜza<ʜVzaQ`+sɬGU$ʘ&=ky
.ﺺّﺧﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﱃإ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻘﺋﻻ
e,<rZy0$/E(KsXr˰x+yil]˽1p!`Nj<le+/se˼PrYʘ˼P,Me_˴M4
.صﺎﺨﺷﻷﺎﺑ رﴬﻟا قﺎﺤﻟإ وأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ
ﻢﻫاﻮﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ نﻮﻜﻠ ﻻ صﺎﺨﺷأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ لﺎﻔﻃأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ
ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ فاﴍﻹا ﻢﺗ اذإ ﻂﻘﻓ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ وأ ةﱪﺧ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا صﺎﺨﺷﻷا وأ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟاو ﺔﻴ ّ
ﺴﺤﻟاو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا
ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻋﻼﻃاو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﺒﻳرﺪﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ءﺎﻨﺛأ
1p!`Ma`_UDʝ`#˴5`c,L!y
_UDʜbXleqz`_s<s`l]˽i]eʓɇ˲,eb]`[ɰʘ
gpzaL0E(/,=eb]9pjʜ_UDʜ_rkeʓVzaQ`+se[ɰʘ
z0p]`y.Q`b\>X_ʙ(leq`˴M4Nke˱LbfM`!yɪpjb]91p!`.ole>a)`,kL
ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز
.ﻪﺑ ﺐﻌﻠﻟا
64
AR
VzIkrjz<zafLxczY`bXr1p!`_˴M4c,LXrʓɪ0p]`.(˯le6Y`%4
c,L!y˯Zy0ʞbebXɪ0p]`.(˯lez0p]`y.Q`b\6X%4g1p!`ɧ+UD
.MAX ةرﺎﺒﻋ ﰲ ﺒﳌا ﺪﺤﻟا زوﺎﺠﺗ
t0(bs4ʓr˯ʓ1p!`6EQʘ
ɪ0p\3ɱbELr,$leTs(˴a`0p]`js%9˯2 ʜ5eʙec,L!y
z0p]`]9`qa<rkX0eir,1p!`[ɰʘ
$0`r_˴M4ʘk0Y5e&E4˱L1p!`N@r!y
bfM5ʘqke˯ ɇ
ɻrqzaLVaeʙL/spHr?/ʜ˱LqDsY4`$ʓ1p!`_˴M4c,L!y
ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ ،حﻼﺻﻹا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ .ﻒﻠﺘﻣ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ وأ نﺎﻔﻠﺘﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا وأ ﻞﺒﻜﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ءاﱪﺧ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ Ariete ﺔﻛﴩﻟ ﻊﺑﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا
.ﺮﻄﺧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻟﻮﺨﻣ
ɪ0p]`.(˯˰`sp5_s<s`l]˽z%rʓ]`/,Y`Aezb(+1p!`N@
.ﻲﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ :ϪϳΑϧΗ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻊﻓر ﻞﺒﻗ ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ :ϪϳΑϧΗ
;)`BY˯_˴M4_ʙ(lebz0p]`y.Q`,LXlerqf5 leqAX_ʙ(le1p!`NT0ʘ
.ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ
ɇT rUzIjɧ+,LY`is]i!y1p!`Ne+/s˯z0p]`y.Q`,LXFYTbfM4
˳Q˯˯ZT,leTs(ʉXʜ,%`lL,y2yts5e˰1p!`YaEeʝɱʘ
1p!`bzQ9bXZy0ʞ˱L&z%=`b]9`EQ`N@rleZY%
eir,1p!`bzQ9c,L!y
izaQ`ɬrl(5`˯Zy0ʞYaEeaɱʘ
1p!`le/%`2 ʝ`ɪ0p]`b]`6eʙec,L!y
pg]%`gya=Uke2p _ʙ(lerzXs1p _ʙ(lez0p]`]9`1p!`bz<sc,L!y
.ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ
7˴Y`leNEXr\ ɇ
5ebfM4/%`#sE5`6faʘ
ljs0]`,z5\˻pz`SAey1PmzebfM5ʘ
ZaE`sp`ʓkz\˯bfM5ʘ
z0p\,Xser1Pi0Tle0Y`rWsT1p!`YaEeNAʘ
o˼Pr6f9`r/Eeʜys!`besMa`?0Me1p!`[ɰʘ
%5feE4sFYT1p!`VzIk!yk(5`2 ʜ+ɫi,Mrɪ0p]`.(˯lL6Y`b=T,M
ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ) ّرﺎﺿ ﻏو ﺪﻳﺎﺤﻣ ﻒّﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﺾﻌﺑ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﻊﻣ ،ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﺒﻃﺮﻣو ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ
.(ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ يدﺆﺗ تﺎﺒﻳﺬﻣ
ȝƾƵƸƴƯƄŽȚ ǝƸƴŸ Ǒƶů ƾž ƿƉŲȶ ljƸƇƫŽȚ ǚƳƪŽƾŮ ǃƄƶƓȚ ǜž ǑƴƈƄů ǠƳŽ
ǃƄƶƓȚ Ǖž ǀƲźǍƓȚȶ ȬǞǤǞƓȚ ȚnjƷŮ ǀǧƾƒȚ ǀŻȤǞŽȚ ȖǍŻȚ UE/2012/19 ǀƸŮȶȤȶLjȚ
˴zaM`m.pɧ+JU$
65
AR
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 90 ﺔﺟرﺪﺑ ءﺎﳌا ﺨﺴﺘﻟ ّرز - I ﻢّﻜﺤﺗ تاودأ - A
(ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 100) نﺎﻴﻠﻐﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ ءﺎﳌا ﺨﺴﺘﻟ ّرز - J ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ - B
ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّ
ﻒﻟ ةﺮﻜﺑ - K ﻖﻳﺮﺑإ - C
ﺲﺑﺎﻗ + ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ - L ﺾﺒﻘﻣ - D
ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﻌﺟﺮﻣ ةرﺎﺷإ - M ءﺎﻄﻏ - E
ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺢﺘﻓ ﺔﻴﻌﺿو - ﱰﻠﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ - F
ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻊﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺐﺤﺳ ﺔﻴﻌﺿو - ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 75 ﺔﺟرﺪﺑ ءﺎﳌا ﺨﺴﺘﻟ ّرز - G
ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﻖﻠﻏ ﺔﻴﻌﺿو - ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 85 ﺔﺟرﺪﺑ ءﺎﳌا ﺨﺴﺘﻟ ّرز - H
ﺔﻴﻨﻓ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
:زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺖﺤﺗ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ يﻮﺘﺤﺗ
CEeʙM`rNj=`6˼o++ɰ`r`sTz0p]`y.Q`ɇzEaT
by+seCr=f˯z0p]`/,Y`
(SNLsf!˯gX/jz=`ryL0`g5XVogX/
.ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻢﻗرو ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا ﺮﻛذ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﺰﻛﺮ لﺎﺼﺗﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺖﺤﺗ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻞﺒﻗ
.ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻲﻘﻓأ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻫ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
بﺮﻘﻟﺎﺑ وأ ةّرﺎﺤﻟا زﺎﻐﻟا ناﺮﻓأ وأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ناﺮﻓﻷا قﻮﻓ وأ بﺮﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ وأ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
.“ﻒﻳووﺮﻜﻴﻣ” نﺮﻓ ﻦﻣ
ﻞﺒﻛ ﺪﺸﺑ ﻞﻔﻃ مﻮﻘﻳ نأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ﺔﻄﻴﺤﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ .ﺢﻄﺴﻟا وأ ﺔﻟوﺎﻄﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّﱃﺪﺘﻳ ﻻ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺐﻠﻗو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا
ﺲﻣﻼﻣ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ .(3 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪّﻔﻟ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻞﻳﻮﻃ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ نﺎﻛ اذإ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ةرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻸﻟ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا
.ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﱃإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﻻ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻞﺼﻔﻨﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ءﺎﳌا ﻎﻳﺮﻔﺗو ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ
.ءﺎﻣ نوﺪﺑ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .(G, H, I) رارزﻷا ﻦﻣ ﺪﺣاو ﻂﻐﺿا .MAX ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﱃإ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻸﻣا ،ةّﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ
ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا غّﺮﻓ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃإ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ .ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﱪﻋ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ّﺮ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ
.تاﺮﻣ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ وأ ﺗﺮﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ .ءﺎﳌا ﻪﻔﻄﺷأ ﻢﺛ
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ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
داﺪﻋإ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗو ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹاو ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ًاﺜﻛ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ .ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳ حﻮﻄﺳ
ﺔﻘﺣﻼﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا لﻼﺧو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا جﺎﺟز وأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ .يﺎﺸﻟا
.ﻪﺋﺎﻔﻃﻹ
ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأ .(4 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺐﺤﺴﻟ ( ) ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﱃإ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ّ
ﻒﻟ .ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ (C) ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﺪﻌﺑأ
ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﻞﻘﻳ ﻻ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ .(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟا ﺐﺴﺣ جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻸﻣا .(5 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻦﻋ
.(7 ﻞﻜﺷ) MIN دﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻋ
.ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻦﻣ ﻦﺧﺎﺳ ءﺎﻣ جوﺮﺧ ﺮﻄﺧ :MAX ةرﺎﺒﻌﺑ ﺒﳌا ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ زوﺎﺠﺘﺗ ﻻ
ﻊﺿ .(10 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌا يﺎﺸﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ﻞﺧدأ .ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ .( ) ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺢﺘﻓ ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﱃإ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ّ
ﻒﻟ
.(B) ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﲆﻋ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻊﺿ .( ) ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﱃإ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﻒﻟ .(11 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﲆﻋ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا
ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﺾﻴﻣو ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا تاﴍﺆﳌا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ رﺪﺼُﺗ .ضّرﺆﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻄﻳ .stand by داﺪﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﻮﻜﻳو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 30 ةﺪﳌ ﺔﻠﻌﺸﻣ ءاﻮﺿﻷا ﻰﻘﺒﺗ .تاﺮﻣ
.ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 30 زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ اذإ ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ
ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ دﻮﻌﺗ ﻟ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ّرﺰﻟا ﻂﻐﺿ ﻲﻔﻜﻳ ،يﺎﺸﻟا عﻮﻧ ﻴﻐﺗ تدرأ اذإ .بﻮﻠﻄﳌا يﺎﺸﻟا عﻮﻧ ﲆﻋ ءﺎﻨﺑ ّرﺰﻟا ﻂﻐﺿا
.stand by داﺪﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﱃإ ءﺎﳌا
ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد/ّرز (ﻖﺋﺎﻗد) ﻊﻘﻨﻟا ةﺪﻣ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد
ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻠﻟ
ﺔﻧﻮﺨﺴﻟا
ظﺎﻔﺘﺣﻻا ةﺪﻣ
(ﻖﺋﺎﻗد) ﺔﻧﻮﺨﺴﻟﺎﺑ
ﴬﺧأ يﺎﺷ ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد 752,5ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد 7030
ﻲﻨﻴﺻ يﺎﺷ/ﺮﻤﺣأ يﺎﺷ
دﻮﺳأ
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد 853,5ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد 7030
ﻪﻛاﻮﻔﻟا يﺎﺷ/دﻮﺳأ يﺎﺷ ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد 905ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد 7030
نﺎﻴﻠﻏ ءﺎﻣ ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد 100-ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد 9040
ﱃإ ﻪﻠﺻﻮﺗ ﻟ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻦﻣ راﺮﻤﺘﺳﺎﺑ ءﺎﻣ ﺐﺤﺴﺗو ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﺨﻀﻣ أﺪﺒﺗ .ﺔﻃﻮﺒﻀﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ ءﺎﳌا ﻞﺼﻳ
ﻚﻟذ ّ
لﺪﻳ ،“ﺐﻴﺑ” تﻮﺻ ﻊﻤﺴﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻞﺧاد ﻂﻘﺴﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻘﻨﳌا ةدﺎﳌا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ جﺮﺨﻳ .ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ
.بﴩﻠﻟ ﺰﻫﺎﺟ ﺢﺒﺻأ يﺎﺸﻟا نأ ﲆﻋو يﺎﺸﻟا ﻊﻘﻧ ةﺪﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﲆﻋ
ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 40 ةﺪﳌو يﺎﺸﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 30 ةﺪﳌ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا وأ يﺎﺸﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻆﻓﺎﺤﻳ
.ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻄﻳ ،ةﺪﳌا هﺬﻫ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻨﻋ .نﺎﻴﻠﻐﻟا ءﺎﻣ ﺐﻠﻃ
.نﺎﻴﻠﻐﻟا ءﺎﻣ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ ﺔّﺨﻀﳌا ﻞﻐﺘﺸﺗ ﻻ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﲇﻐﻣ ءﺎﻣ ﻖّﻓﺪﺗ ﺮﻄﺧ .ءﺎﳌا نﺎﻴﻠﻏ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ءﺎﻄﻏ ﺢﺘﻔﺗ ﻻ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻊﻓر ﻞﺒﻗ ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ
ﰲ يﺎﺸﻟا ﺐﻜﺳأ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻞﺼﻓأ .ﻚﻟﺬﻟ صﺎﺨﻟا ﺾﺒﻘﳌﺎﺑ ﻪﻀﺒﻗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻊﻓرا
.ﻲﻘﺒﺘﳌا يﺎﺸﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا غﺮﻓ ،لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﻛ ﺪﻌﺑ .ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا
.تﺎﻔّﺜﻜﻣ ّ
ﻻإ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣو :ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﻲﻫ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺖﺤﺗ ءﺎﳌا طﺎﻘﻧ ﺾﻌﺑ دﻮﺟو
ﻊﻀﺒﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرﺪﺑ يﺎﺸﻟا ﻆﻔﺘﺤﻳ ،ﻀﺤﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ .ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻂﻘﻓ ّ
ﴬﺣ ،ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟا ﻓﻮﺘﻟ
.ﻖﺋﺎﻗد
.(L) ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّ
ﻒﻠﻣ ﻞﺧاد ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﻊﺿ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ ،لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
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ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻦﻋ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓ ﺪﻌﺑو ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ،ﺎﻘﺣﻻ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا
ﻞﺴﻐﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﻤﻈﺘﻨﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةءﺎﻔﻛ ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ
.ﴍﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻣ ءﺎﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ
.ﺔﻓﺮﻐﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد نﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ،ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗو ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎ ّ
ﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺴﻐﺗ ﻻ
.ﻒّﻔﺟ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻒﻠﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ﺔﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ ﺔﺒﻃر شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ
ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻳدﺎﻌﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا داﻮﻣو ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ يرود ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺐﺠﻳ
يﺎﺸﻟا ﱰﻠﻓ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
ﻦﻣ يﺎﺸﻟا جوﺮﺧ مﺪﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ .ﺔﻳدﺎﻌﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا داﻮﻣو ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ يرود ﻞﻜﺸﺑ يﺎﺸﻟا ﱰﻠﻓ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺪﻨﻋ ةﻐﺻ ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﺑ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا يﺎﺸﻟا تﺎﺒ ّ
ﺳﺮﺗ دﺎﻌﺑإ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ءﻲﻄﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻪﺟوﺮﺧ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ وأ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ
.ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ةروﴬﻟا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
داﺪﺴﻧا ﱃإ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑ يدﺆﺗو ،ﺎﻬﻄﻔﺸﺑ ﺔﺨﻀﳌا مﻮﻘﺗ نأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ،ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﰲ ﻞﺧﺪﺗ يﺎﺸﻟا قاروأ تﺎﺒﺳﺮﺗ عﺪﺗ ﻻ
.ءﺎﳌا ﺎﻬﻠﺧاﺪﺑ روﺪﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺐﻴﺑﺎﻧﻷا
ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ
ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﺲﻔﻨﺑو ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةءﺎﻔﻛ ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻤﻈﺘﻨﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ
ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﱰﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ ةذﺎﺷ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻤﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ ﻦﻜﻟو .ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺒﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺪﺤﺗ
ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺲﻠﻜﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ ﳼﺎﻗ ءﺎﻣ لﻌﺘﺳﻻ
ﺾﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻠﻟ ﻞﻳﺰﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ اﻮﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳا .ﺔﻨﻴﻛﻠﻟ ذﺎﺸﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ
داﻮﻣ لﻌﺘﺳﻻ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا تﺎﺒّﻛﺮﳌﺎﺑ ﻖﺤﻠﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟوﺆﺴﻣ يأ Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ .ﻚﻳﱰﺴﻟا
تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺪﻴﻘﺘﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺖﻋد اذإ .ﺔﻳوﻴﻛ تﺎﻓﺎﻀﻣ دﻮﺟو ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻧ ﺔﻘﻓاﻮﺘﻣ ﻏ
.ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ صﺎﺨﻟا ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﳌا
ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا فﺎﻘﻳإ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ّ
ﺺُﻗ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻪﻠﺼﻓ ﺐﺠﻳ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻂﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
ﺐﺴﺣ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟاو ﺎﻬﻨﻣ عﻮﻨﺼﳌا داﻮﳌا زﺮﻓ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،هﺮﻤﻋ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻌﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﻴﻄﺤﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺪﻠﺑ ﰲ ةﺪﺋﺎﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﺤﳌا ﻧاﻮﻘﻟاو ﻢﻈﻨﻟا ﺐﺴﺣو ﺎﻬﺘﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ
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