Ariete 2953 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for 2953 by Ariete which is a product in the Popcorn Poppers category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
COD. 6065108500 REV. 1 del 24/02/2016
MOD. 2953
827070
De’ Longhi Appliances Srl
Divisione Commerciale Ariete
Via L. Seitz, 47
31100 Treviso (TV) - Italy
E-Mail: info@ariete.net
Internet: www.ariete.net
Macchina per popcorn
Popcorn Maker
Machine à popcorn
Popcornmaschine
Máquina de palomitas
Máquina de pipocas
Popcornmachine
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Popcorn al caramello
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WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL
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13
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DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLIANCE
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the device.
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Useful tips
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CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE
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15
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Cleaning the appliance
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RECIPES
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Reiningung des Geräts
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Reinigung des Behälters
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Ersetzen des Lichtes
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A PROPÓSITO DE ESTE MANUAL
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ADVERTENCIAS IMPORTANTES PARA LA SEGURIDAD
LEER ATENTAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES.
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Peligro para los niños
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Advertencia relativa a quemaduras
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35
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Atención – daños materiales
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36
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Peligro de daños debidos a otras causas
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37
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INSTRUCCIONES DE USO
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XWLOL]DUHODVDSDUDYDFLDUHOUHFLSLHQWH
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$EULUHOFDMyQ(0DQWHQHUFHUUDGDODSXHUWD'SDUDHYLWDUHOFRQWDFWRDFFLGHQWDOFRQODVSDU-
WHVFDOLHQWHVGHOUHFLSLHQWH&RQODD\XGDGHXQDFXFKDUDVDFDUODVSDORPLWDV
6LHODSDUDWRHPLWHKXPRGXUDQWHODSUHSDUDFLyQGHODVSDORPLWDVHVWRVHGHEHDODJUDVDR
al aceite en exceso presentes en el recipiente. Limpiar bien el recipiente antes de la prepa-
ración de las palomitas.
Consejos útiles
(ODSDUDWRHVWiFRQFHELGRSDUDWRGRVORVWLSRGHSDORPLWDVHVWiQGDU\GHFDOLGDGVXSHULRU(OPDt]
DPDULOORHVJHQHUDOPHQWHPiVLQGLFDGRTXHHOEODQFR
8QOOHQDGRLQVX¿FLHQWHSXHGHKDFHUTXHUHYLHQWHQPHQRVJUDQRV\TXHVDOJDQGHOUHFLSLHQWHPiV
38
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JUDQRVVLQH[SORWDU8QOOHQDGRH[FHVLYRSXHGHWHQHUSRUFRQVHFXHQFLDTXHORVJUDQRVVHTXHPHQ
\SURYRTXHQKXPRDOVREUHFDUJDUHOUHFLSLHQWH
LIMPIEZA Y MANTENIMIENTO
¡Atención!
$QWHVGHSURFHGHUDODOLPSLH]DGHODSDUDWRGHVFRQHFWDUVLHPSUHHOHQFKXIHGHODWRPDGH
FRUULHQWH7RGDVODVLQWHUYHQFLRQHVVHGHEHQUHDOL]DUFRQODPiTXLQDIUtD
¡Atención!
1XQFDVXPHUJLUHODSDUDWRHQDJXDRHQRWURVOtTXLGRV
¡Atención!
&RQWURODUODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQGHODSDUDWRFRQUHJXODULGDGDQWHVGH
XWLOL]DUOR\HQFDVRGHGDxRVOOHYDUORDOFHQWURGHVHUYLFLRPiVFHUFDQRSDUDKDFHUORVXEVWLWXLU
VyORSRUSHUVRQDOHVSHFLDOL]DGR
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Limpieza del aparato
/LPSLDUODVSDUWHVGHSOiVWLFRFRQXQSDxRK~PHGRQRDEUDVLYR\VHFDUODVFRQXQSDxRVHFR
Limpieza del recipiente
'HVHQURVFDUODPDQLYHOD+HQVHQWLGRKRUDULR6DFDUODPDQLYHOD
4XLWDUHOUHFLSLHQWHGHORVVRSRUWHV'HVFRQHFWDUHOUHFLSLHQWHGHOFDEOHHOpFWULFRVLWXDGRHQHO
LQWHULRUGHODSDUDWR6DFDUHOUHFLSLHQWHGHODSDUDWR
/OOHQDUHOUHFLSLHQWHSRUFRQDJXDFDOLHQWH\GHWHUJHQWH'HMDUDFWXDUGXUDQWHXQRVPLQX-
WRVGHPDQHUDTXHWRGDODJUDVDVHGLVXHOYD
9DFLDUHOUHFLSLHQWH6LIXHUDQHFHVDULRXWLOL]DUXQDHVSRQJDVXDYH\VHFDSDUDHOLPLQDUODJUDVD
PiVGLItFLO6HFDUELHQHOLQWHULRUGHOUHFLSLHQWH
/LPSLDUHOH[WHULRUFRQXQSDxRVXDYH
1RVXPHUMDQXQFDHOUHFLSLHQWHHQDJXDRHQRWURVOtTXLGRV
1RODYHQLQJXQRGHORVFRPSRQHQWHVHQHOODYDSODWRV/DYDUVLHPSUHDPDQR
Substitución de la luz
¡Atención!
$QWHVGHFDPELDUODERPELOODKD\TXHGHVFRQHFWDUVLHPSUHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
%RPELOOD(WLSR6ZGHEXOER
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39
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RECETAS
£&RQ323&2510$.(5VHSUHSDUDQSDORPLWDVJHQXLQDV\IUDJDQWHVHQSRTXtVLPRVPLQXWRV
%XHQtVLPDVDOQDWXUDOVRQXQWHQWHPSLpVDQR\JXVWRVRDOQROOHYDUJUDVDVDxDGLGDV
6LVHTXLHUHQPiVVDEURVDVVHSXHGHQDxDGLURWURVLQJUHGLHQWHVDOSURSLRJXVWR$TXtYLHQHQ
XQDVLGHDV
Palomitas al queso parmesano
JGHPDt]SDUDSDORPLWDV
FXFKDUDGLWDGHDMRHQSROYR
FXFKDUDGLWDGHSLPLHQWDHQSROYR
FXFKDUDGLWDGHVDO
WD]DGHSDUPHVDQRUDOODGRPX\¿QRPiVRPHQRVVHJ~QHOSURSLRJXVWR
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3UHSDUDUODVSDORPLWDVXWLOL]DQGRHODSDUDWRFRQIRUPHDODV,16758&&,21(6'(862
0H]FODUHODMRHQSROYRODSLPLHQWDODVDO\HOSDUPHVDQR'HMDUUHSRVDU(QXQEROJUDQGHURFLDU
ODVSDORPLWDVFRQHODFHLWHGHROLYDFDOLHQWH0H]FODUELHQ
$xDGLUSRFRDSRFRORVLQJUHGLHQWHVVHFRVUHPRYLHQGRFRQVWDQWHPHQWHSDUDDOLxDUELHQWRGDVODV
palomitas/RVLQJUHGLHQWHVVHFRVWDPELpQVHSXHGHQPH]FODUHQXQDEROVDJUDQGHGHSDSHOR
GHWHOD
Palomitas rústicas
JGHPDt]SDUDSDORPLWDV
FXFKDUDGDVGHDFHLWHGHROLYDFDOHQWDGR
FXFKDUDGDGHFUHPDGHYLQDJUHEDOViPLFR
FXFKDUDGLWDGHVDO
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3UHSDUDUODVSDORPLWDVXWLOL]DQGRHODSDUDWRFRQIRUPHDODV,16758&&,21(6'(862
3LFDUPX\¿QRODFHEROODGHVKLGUDWDGD\PH]FODUODFRQODVDO'HMDUUHSRVDU(QXQEROXQLUHODFHLWH
GHROLYDFDOLHQWHDODFUHPDGHYLQDJUHEDOViPLFR
(QXQDWDUULQDJUDQGHURFLDUODVSDORPLWDVFRQHVWDVDOVDPH]FODUELHQOXHJRDxDGLUSRFRDSRFR
ORVLQJUHGLHQWHVVHFRVUHPRYLHQGRFRQVWDQWHPHQWHSDUDDOLxDUELHQWRGDVODVSDORPLWDV/RVLQJUH-
GLHQWHVVHFRVWDPELpQVHSXHGHQPH]FODUHQXQDEROVDJUDQGHGHSDSHORGHWHOD
Palomitas a la pizzaiola
JGHPDt]SDUDSDORPLWDV
FXFKDUDGDVGHDFHLWHGHROLYDFDOHQWDGR
FXFKDUDGDGHRUpJDQRVHFR
FXFKDUDGDGHWRPDWHVVHFRV
FXFKDUDGLWDGHVDO
FXFKDUDGLWDGHJXLQGLOODPROLGDRSFLRQDO
3UHSDUDUODVSDORPLWDVXWLOL]DQGRHODSDUDWRFRQIRUPHDODV,16758&&,21(6'(862
3LFDUPX\¿QRORVWRPDWHVVHFRV\HORUpJDQROXHJRPH]FODUORVFRQODVDO\ODJXLQGLOODQRLQGLFD-
GDVLODVSDORPLWDVVRQSDUDQLxRV'HMDUUHSRVDU
(QXQEROJUDQGHURFLDUODVSDORPLWDVFRQHODFHLWHGHROLYDFDOLHQWHPH]FODUELHQOXHJRDxDGLU
SRFRDSRFRORVLQJUHGLHQWHVVHFRVUHPRYLHQGRFRQVWDQWHPHQWHSDUDDOLxDUELHQWRGDVODVSDORPL-
WDV/RVLQJUHGLHQWHVVHFRVWDPELpQVHSXHGHQPH]FODUHQXQDEROVDJUDQGHGHSDSHORGHWHOD
40
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Palomitas al caramelo
JGHPDt]SDUDSDORPLWDV
FXFKDUDGDVGHFDUDPHOR\DOLVWR
JGHPDQWHTXLOOD
FXFKDUDGDVGHD]~FDUQRUPDORGHFDxDDOSURSLRJXVWR
3UHSDUDUODVSDORPLWDVXWLOL]DQGRHODSDUDWRFRQIRUPHDODV,16758&&,21(6'(862
'HUUHWLUODPDQWHTXLOODHQHOPLFURRQGDV\PH]FODUODFRQHOFDUDPHORKDVWDREWHQHUXQOtTXLGR
KRPRJpQHR'HMDUUHSRVDU
(QXQEROJUDQGHURFLDUODVSDORPLWDVFRQHVWDVDOVDPH]FODUELHQOXHJRDxDGLUHOD]~FDUUHPR-
YLHQGRFRQWLQXDPHQWHSDUDDOLxDUELHQWRGDVODVSDORPLWDV/RVLQJUHGLHQWHVVHFRVWDPELpQVH
SXHGHQPH]FODUHQXQDEROVDJUDQGHGHSDSHORGHWHOD
41
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A PROPÓSITO DESTE MANUAL
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OHUDWHQWDPHQWHHVWHVDYLVRVHXVDURDSDUHOKRVRPHQWHSDUDRXVRDRTXDOIRLGHVWLQDGRSDUD
HYLWDUDFLGHQWHVHGDQRV'HL[DUHVWHPDQXDOVHPSUHDFHVVtYHOSDUDIXWXUDVFRQVXOWDV6HPSUH
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$VLQIRUPDo}HVDSUHVHQWDGDVQHVWHPDQXDOHVWmRPDUFDGDVFRPRVVHJXLQWHVVtPERORVTXH
LQGLFDP
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USO PREVISTO
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PLOKR4XDOTXHURXWUDXWLOL]DomRGDPiTXLQDQmRIRLSUHYLVWDSHOR)DEULFDQWHHHVWHQmRVHUHV-
SRQVDELOL]DSRUTXDOTXHUGDQRFDXVDGRSRUXVRLPSUySULRGDPiTXLQD2XVRLPSUySULRGHWHUPLQD
WDPEpPDSHUGDGRHIHLWRGHTXDOTXHUIRUPDGHJDUDQWLD
RISCOS RESÍDUOS
Atenção!
3HULJRGHYLGRjHOHFWULFLGDGH1mRPHUJXOKHRUHFLSLHQWHQDiJXDRXHP
RXWURVOtTXLGRV
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IHFLPHQWRGDVSDUWHVTXHQWHV
ADVERTÊNCIAS IMPORTANTES
LER CUIDADOSAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUÇÕES.
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1mRVHDVVXPHPTXDLVTXHUWLSRVGHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHSHORXVRLQFRUUHFWRRX
SRUHPSUHJRVGLIHUHQWHVGDTXHOHVSUHYLVWHVSHORSUHVHQWHIROKHWR
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VLVWrQFLDJUDWXLWDSRUGDQRVGHYLGRVjHPEDODJHPQmRDGHTXDGDGRSURGXWRQR
PRPHQWRGRHQYLRGRPHVPRDXP&HQWURGH$VVLVWrQFLDDXWRUL]DGR
$XWLOL]DomRGHDFHVVyULRVQmRUHFRPHQGDGRVRXQmRIRUQHFLGRVSHORIDEULFDQWH
42
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SHVVRDV
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2DSDUHOKRHVWiFRQIRUPHFRPRUHJXODPHQWR(&1RGH
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Perigo para as crianças
(VWHDSDUHOKRSRGHVHUXWLOL]DGRSRUFULDQoDVGHDQRVRXPDLRUHVVHRULHQWD-
GRVSRUXPDGXOWRRXVHUHFHEHUDPLQVWUXo}HVGHFRPRXWLOL]DURDSDUHOKRHP
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Aviso relativo a queimaduras
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43
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44
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45
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țȫȞįȚĮIJȐȟİȦȞțĮȚțĮIJȐıȣȞȑʌİȚĮİȓȞĮȚʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣȝȑȞİȢıİȩȜĮIJĮįȣȞȘIJȚțȐİʌȚțȓȞįȣȞĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮ-
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ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȓȘıȘȖȚĮİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
ȆȡȠıȠȤȒ±ȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȗȘȝȚȐȢĮʌȩįȚȐijȠȡİȢȐȜȜİȢĮȚIJȓİȢ
ƲƳƱƤƭƧƲƱƮƧƯƩƸƳƩƴƩ
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ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢȂȘȕȣșȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠȞțȐįȠıIJȠȞİȡȩȒıİȐȜȜĮ
ȣȖȡȐ
ǾıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȩȖȘıȘIJȠȣțȐįȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȖȓȞİIJĮȚʌȐȞIJĮȝİĮʌȠıȣȞįİįİȝȑȞȠ
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ıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚȖȚĮİȝʌȠȡȚțȠȪȢȒȕȚȠȝȘȤĮȞȚțȠȪȢıțȠʌȠȪȢ
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ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓDŽNJǂǕǂǍNJNjǒƽǑǂNJDžNJƽ
ǹȣIJȒȘıȣıțİȣȒȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐȘȜȚțȓĮȢİIJȫȞțĮȚʌȐȞȦ
İijȩıȠȞİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚȒĮȞIJȠȣȢȑȤȠȣȞįȠșİȓȠȚȠįȘȖȓİȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮʌĮȡĮȓIJȘIJİȢ
ȖȚĮIJȘȞĮıijĮȜȒȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢțĮȚțĮIJĮȞȠȠȪȞIJȠȣȢıȤİIJȚțȠȪȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢ
IJĮʌĮȚįȚȐįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİıİʌĮȚįȚȐȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮĮʌȩȤȡȠȞȫȞȞĮʌȜȘıȚȐȗȠȣȞIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
țĮȚIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮȡȝȠįȚȩIJȘIJĮ
IJȠȣȤȡȒıIJȘįİȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌȠȞIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞİʌȓȕȜİȥȘ
İȞȩȢİȞȒȜȚțĮ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȑIJıȚȫıIJİIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮȝȘȞijIJȐȞȠȣȞȞĮĮȖȖȓ-
ȟȠȣȞIJĮțĮȣIJȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȖțĮIJĮȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘįȚȐșİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚ-
įȚȫȞįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ȆȡȠıȑȟIJİIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮȝȘȡȓȟȠȣȞțȐIJȦIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȚȐȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚ-
țȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJİȪıİIJİțȩȕȠ-
ȞIJĮȢIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣȞĮIJĮ
ȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȖȚĮ
ȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƲǒǐdžNJDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjDŽNJǂdžDŽNjǂǞǍǂǕǂ
ȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠțĮȚIJȚȢȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȩIJĮȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡ-
ȖİȓțĮȚȖȚĮȝİȡȚțȐȜİʌIJȐȝİIJȐIJȠıȕȒıȚȝȩIJȘȢȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİȒIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİIJİİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȒʌȡȚȞIJȘȞțĮșĮ-
ȡȓıİIJİıȕȒıIJİIJȘȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮțĮȚʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțȠȞIJȐıİįȠȤİȓĮȞİȡȠȪȒıİȞİȡȠȤȪIJİȢ
ȆȡȚȞȕȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘʌȠȣĮȞĮ-
ijȑȡİIJĮȚ ıIJȘȞ ʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ IJİȤȞȚțȫȞ ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȫȞ IJȘȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢ ĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓ
59
EL
ıIJȘȞIJȐıȘIJȠȣįȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢ
ǾȤȡȒıȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȫȞȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗȦȞȝȘİȟȠȣįȚȠIJȘȝȑȞȦȞĮʌȩIJȠİȡȖȠıIJȐıȚȠȝʌȠ-
ȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚȗȘȝȚȑȢȒĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠȜȪʌȡȚȗĮțĮȚȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗİȢʌȠȣįİȞȑȤȠȣȞİʌĮȡțȒĮȞIJȠȤȒ
ıIJȠijȠȡIJȓȠIJȠȣȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢ
ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȐȞIJĮȝȚĮȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘʌȡȓȗĮ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝİȕȡİȖȝȑȞĮȤȑȡȚĮȒȟȣʌȩȜȘIJȠȚ
• ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚțȐʌȠȚĮĮȞȦȝĮȜȓĮȒȣʌȐȡȤİȚ
ȗȘȝȚȐȒijșȠȡȐıIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠȒIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣǵȜİȢȠȚİʌȚıțİȣȑȢțĮȚȘ
ĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐ
ĮʌȩİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮțȑȞIJȡĮIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒĮʌȩIJİȤȞȚțȠȪȢ
IJȘȢ$ULHWHȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ȂȘȞıȣȞįȑİIJİıIJȘȞȓįȚĮʌȡȓȗĮțĮȝȓĮȐȜȜȘıȣıțİȣȒȣȥȘȜȒȢȚıȤȪȠȢıȩȝʌİȢ
ıȓįİȡĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐțĮȜȠȡȚijȑȡțȜʌȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢȣʌİȡijȩȡIJȦıȘȢ
ȂȘȞĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠıIJȚȢȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȂȘȞIJȡĮȕȐIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȖȚĮȞĮIJȠȕȖȐȜİIJİĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȉȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȡȓȕİIJĮȚıİĮȚȤȝȘȡȑȢȖȦȞȚȑȢȒȐȜȜĮĮȚȤȝȘ-
ȡȐĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮ
ȆȡȠıȑȟIJİIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠȞĮȝȘȞȑȡȤİIJĮȚıİİʌĮijȒȝİȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ȂȘȝİIJĮțȚȞİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȡĮȕȫȞIJĮȢIJȘȞĮʌȩIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮıİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘțĮIJĮȚȖȓįĮȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȂȘȞʌȚȑȗİIJİIJĮıIJȘȡȓȖȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘȒIJȘȞIJȠʌȠșȑIJȘıȘ
IJȠȣțȐįȠȣȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮȝİIJĮIJȠʌȚıIJȠȪȞIJĮıIJȘȡȓȖȝĮIJĮțĮȚȞĮİȝʌȠįȓıȠȣȞIJȘıȦ-
ıIJȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİȞĮʌİȡȚıIJȡȑijİIJĮȚȠțȐįȠȢ ȩIJĮȞ IJİȜİȚȫıİȚ Ș ʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮ IJȦȞ
ʌȠʌțȠȡȞ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪȕȐȜİIJİIJȠʌȠʌțȠȡȞıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİȩIJȚįİȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚțĮȞȑȞĮ
ȐȜȜȠĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞȠȝȑıĮıIJȠȞțȐįȠ
ȂȘȞʌȜȑȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞ
ȃĮȟİIJȣȜȓȖİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠʌȡȚȞĮʌȩIJȘȤȡȒıȘ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓ
ĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıİȚțĮȚİijȩıȠȞȑȤİIJİȕȖȐȜİȚIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȂȘ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑįȚĮȜȪIJİȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞȠȣȞȗȘȝȚȐıIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐ
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞijȣȜȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣ-
ıțİȣȒȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮțȡȣȫıȠȣȞIJĮȗİıIJȐȝȑȡȘ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıIJȠȣȢĮIJȝȠıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢȕȡȠ-
ȤȒȒȜȚȠțȜʌ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȣʌĮȓșȡȚȠȤȫȡȠ
ȅȚIJȣȤȩȞIJȡȠʌȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȢĮȣIJȠȪIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢʌȠȣįİȞİȓȞĮȚİȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞİȢĮʌȩ
60
EL
IJȠȞțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠȑȤȠȣȞıĮȞİʌĮțȩȜȠȣșȠIJȘȞʌĮȪıȘȚıȤȪȠȢIJȘȢİȖȖȪȘ-
ıȘȢțĮȚIJȘȞĮıijȐȜİȚĮIJȘȢȓįȚĮȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȂȘȞ ĮʌȠıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖİȓIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ǻİȞ ȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞ İıȦIJİȡȚțȐ İȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ʌȠȣȤȡİȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLJLjǍNJƽǓǂǑǝDžNJƽǗǐǒdžǓƽnjnjdžǓǂNJǕǀdžǓ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȩȖȘıȘȢIJȠȣțȐįȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚʌȐȞIJĮȑȤȠȞIJĮȢ
ȕȖȐȜİȚIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȃĮĮȞȐȕİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȩȞȠȞȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚıIJȘıȦıIJȒșȑıȘ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȩIJĮȞĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİıIJİĮʌȩIJȠȤȫȡȠʌȠȣ
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ
• ǹȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȣȞșİȓIJİȑıIJȦțĮȚȖȚĮȜȓȖȘȫȡĮȞĮıȕȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
țĮȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ĭȣȜȐȟIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮįȡȠıİȡȩȤȫȡȠȤȦȡȓȢȣȖȡĮıȓĮ
•ƷƶƭƣưƵƧƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƣƶƵƧƴ
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
$ȁĮȝʌȐțȚ )ȀȠȣȝʌȓȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ212))
%ȀĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣțȐįȠȣ *ȀȠȣȝʌȓʌȠȣĮȞȐȕİȚIJȠijȦȢ
&ȀȐįȠȢ +ȋİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ
'ȆȠȡIJȐțȚ , ȀĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢijȚȢ
(ȈȣȡIJȐȡȚ - ȂİȗȠȪȡĮ
ƴǕǐNJǘdžǀǂǂǎǂDŽǎǟǒNJǔLjǓ
ȈIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮʌȠȣȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘȑįȡĮıȘȢIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚIJĮʌĮȡĮ-
țȐIJȦıIJȠȚȤİȓĮĮȞĮȖȞȫȡȚıȘȢ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢțĮȚıȒȝĮȞıȘ&(ǼȅȀ
ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠȂȠG
ĮȡıİȚȡȐȢ61
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘȢ9țĮȚıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ+]
țĮIJĮȞĮȜȚıțȩȝİȞȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȚıȤȪȢ:
ʌȡȐıȚȞȠIJȘȜȑijȦȞȠįȦȡİȐȞțȜȒıȘIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘ
ǵIJĮȞĮʌİȣșȪȞİıIJİıIJĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȞĮĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠȝȠȞIJȑȜȠ
țĮȚIJȠȞĮȡȚșȝȩıİȚȡȐȢIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢ
ƴƶƯƣƳƮƱƭƱƥƩƴƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠʌȠȡIJȐțȚțĮȚĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ
țĮȚIJȘȝİȗȠȪȡĮǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȣȜȚțȩıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐȝȑȡȘȝİȑȞĮțĮșĮȡȩțĮȚĮʌĮȜȩʌĮȞȓțĮȚıțȠȣʌȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮıIJİȖȞȩʌĮȞȓ
ȈȣȞįȑıIJİIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚȝȑıĮıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝİIJȠijȚȢʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȠȞțȐįȠ
ǼȚț
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠıIJĮįȪȠıIJȘȡȓȖȝĮIJĮʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞȝȑıĮıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȚț
ȃșȟʍțȒȘıijıijįIJijșȢȔȗȞįijįijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣȜįijȑijșȟįĴįȔȢıIJșȓijșȟijȡʍȡȚȒijșIJșijȡȤȜȑİȡȤ
61
EL
ȃʍȡȢıȔȟįȞıijįijȡʍțIJijȡȫȟijįIJijșȢȔȗȞįijįȜįțȟįıʍșȢıȑIJȡȤȟijșIJȧIJijȓȝıțijȡȤȢȗȔįijșȣIJȤ-
IJȜıȤȓȣ
ȆİȡȐıIJİIJȠȞȐȟȠȞĮIJȠȣțȐįȠȣıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣȝȠIJȑȡʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢǼȚț
$ʌȩIJȘȞȑȟȦȝİȡȚȐʌİȡȐıIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒıIJȘȞȠʌȒʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȠʌȜȐȚIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢǼȚț
ǺȚįȫıIJİIJȑȡȝĮIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒȖȣȡȞȫȞIJĮȢIJȘȞʌȡȠȢIJĮĮȡȚıIJİȡȐ
ȃșȟįIJȜȓIJıijıȤʍıȢȖȡȝțȜȓʍȔıIJșȞʍȡȢıȔȟįIJʍȑIJıțijȡIJʍıȔȢȧȞįʍȡȤȤʍȑȢȥıțIJijșȥıțȢȡ-
ȝįȖȓ
ƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƸƳƩƴƩƴ
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣșijȑIJșijȡȤșȝıȜijȢțȜȡȫİțȜijȫȡȤįȟijțIJijȡțȥıȔȞıijșȟijȑIJșʍȡȤįȟįȗȢȑĴıijįț
IJijșȟʍțȟįȜȔİįijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİȝȚĮİʌȓʌİįȘİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮțĮȚȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩȞİȡȩȄİIJȣȜȓȟIJİIJİȜİȓ-
ȦȢIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȠțȐįȠȢİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖȘȝȑȞȠȢʌȐȞȦıIJĮıIJȘȡȓȖȝĮIJĮǼȚțǺİȕĮȚ-
ȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȠȐȟȠȞĮȢIJȠȣțȐįȠȣİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐʌİȡĮıȝȑȞȠȢıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣȝȠIJȑȡǼȚț
ȀȜİȓıIJİIJȠıȣȡIJȐȡȚȀȜİȓıIJİIJȠʌȠȡIJȐțȚ
ȆȡȠİIJȠȚȝȐıIJİȩIJȚȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİʌȠʌțȠȡȞțĮȜĮȝʌȩțȚȜȐįȚȝʌȠȜțĮȚıĮțȠȣȜȐțȚĮ
ȩʌȠȣșĮȕȐȜİIJİIJȠʌȠʌțȠȡȞǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ)İȓȞĮȚıIJȠ³´
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ)ȖȚĮȞĮĮȞȐȥİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȠțȐįȠȢ
ȖȚĮȜİʌIJȐ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ)ȖȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
īİȝȓıIJİȝİȜȐįȚIJĮIJȘȢȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘȢȝİȗȠȪȡĮȢīȚĮȞĮʌİIJȪȤİIJİIJȠțĮȜȪIJİȡȠĮʌȠIJȑȜİıȝĮȤȡȘ-
ıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİijȣIJȚțȩȜȐįȚ
ǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠʌȠȡIJȐțȚIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣțȐįȠȣ%
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠțĮȚIJȚȢȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȩIJĮȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓțĮȚȖȚĮȝİȡȚțȐȜİʌIJȐȝİIJȐIJȠıȕȒıȚȝȩIJȘȢ
īȚĮȞĮĮȞȠȓȟİIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣțȐįȠȣȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘȞİȚįȚțȒʌȜĮıIJȚțȒȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒǼȚț
ȋȪıIJİIJȠȜȐįȚıIJȠȞțȐįȠ
īİȝȓıIJİȝİțĮȜĮȝʌȩțȚIJĮIJȘȢȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘȢȝİȗȠȪȡĮȢ
ǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠʌȠȡIJȐțȚIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣțȐįȠȣ%
ǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȠțĮȜĮȝʌȩțȚıIJȠȞțȐįȠ
ȀȜİȓıIJİIJȠʌȠȡIJȐțȚIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ)ȖȚĮȞĮĮȞȐȥİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂİIJȐĮʌȩʌİȡȓʌȠȣȑȞĮȜİʌIJȩșĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮĮțȠȪȖİIJĮȚȠțȜĮıȚțȩȢȒȤȠȢIJȠȣțĮȜĮȝʌȠțȚȠȪʌȠȣ
ıțȐİȚȉĮʌȠʌțȠȡȞșĮĮȡȤȓıȠȣȞȞĮİȟȑȡȤȠȞIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣțȐįȠȣǵIJĮȞıIJĮȝĮIJȒıİȚȞĮ
ıțȐİȚIJȠțĮȜĮȝʌȩțȚȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒȖȚĮȞĮĮįİȚȐıİIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ)ȖȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠıȣȡIJȐȡȚ(ǹijȒıIJİțȜİȚıIJȩIJȠʌȠȡIJȐțȚ'ȖȚĮȞĮȝȘȞĮȖȖȓȟİIJİIJȣȤĮȓĮIJȚȢȗİıIJȑȢ
62
EL
İʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢIJȠȣțȐįȠȣȂİIJȘȕȠȒșİȚĮİȞȩȢțȠȣIJĮȜȚȠȪĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮʌȠʌțȠȡȞ
ǿIJȤIJȜıȤȓȞʍȡȢıȔȟįȖȗȑȝıțȜįʍȟȪȜįijȑijșİțȑȢȜıțįijșȣʍȢȡıijȡțȞįIJȔįȣijȡȤʍȡʍȜȡȢȟ
įȟȤʍȑȢȥıțʍıȢȔIJIJıțįȝȔʍȡȤȣȓȝįİțȡȫIJijȡȟȜȑİȡȇȢțȟįȢȥȔIJıijıȟįĴijțȑȥȟıijıʍȡʍȜȡȢȟ
ȜįȚįȢȔIJijıȜįȝȑijȡȟȜȑİȡ
ƸǒƿǔNJǍdžǓǔǖǍǃǐǖnjƾǓ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚıȤİįȚĮıȝȑȞȘȖȚĮȩȜȠȣȢIJȠȣȢIJȪʌȠȣȢțȠȚȞȠȪʌȠʌțȠȡȞțĮȚĮȞȫIJİȡȘȢʌȠȚȩIJȘIJĮȢ
ȈȣȞȒșȦȢİȞįİȓțȞȣIJĮȚʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠIJȠțȓIJȡȚȞȠțĮȜĮȝʌȩțȚıİıȤȑıȘȝİIJȠȜİȣțȩ
ǹȞİʌĮȡțȑȢȖȑȝȚıȝĮIJȠȣțȐįȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȑȤİȚıĮıȣȞȑʌİȚĮȞĮȝȘıțȐıȠȣȞȩȜȠȚȠȚțȩțțȠȚIJȠȣ
țĮȜĮȝʌȠțȚȠȪȊʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȩȖȑȝȚıȝĮIJȠȣțȐįȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȑȤİȚıĮıȣȞȑʌİȚĮȠȚıțĮıȝȑȞȠȚțȩțțȠȚ
ȞĮțĮȠȪȞįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȫȞIJĮȢțĮʌȞȩțĮȚȣʌİȡijȠȡIJȫȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȠȞțȐįȠ
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƬƣƫƴƶƯƵƩƳƩƴƩ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȆȡȚȞʌȡȠȕİȓIJİıIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİʌȑȝȕĮıȘʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜİȓIJĮȚȩIJĮȞȘȝȘȤĮȞȒİȓȞĮȚțȡȪĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȐșİIJȩıȠȞĮİȜȑȖȤİIJİIJȘȞțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣțĮȚĮȞįȚĮʌȚıIJȫıİIJİțȐʌȠȚĮ
ijșȠȡȐȞĮĮʌİȣșȣȞșİȓIJİıİȑȞĮțȑȞIJȡȠIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢıȑȡȕȚȢȖȚĮIJȘȞĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮ-
ıȘ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİıțȩȞİȢĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪțĮȚIJȡĮȤİȚȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȖȚĮȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǔǖǔNjdžǖƿǓ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐȝȑȡȘȝİȑȞĮțĮșĮȡȩțĮȚĮʌĮȜȩʌĮȞȓțĮȚıțȠȣʌȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮıIJİȖȞȩʌĮȞȓ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǐǖNjƽDžǐǖ
ȄİȕȚįȫıIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ+ȖȣȡȞȫȞIJĮȢIJȘʌȡȠȢIJĮįİȟȚȐǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠĮʌȩIJĮıIJȘȡȓȖȝĮIJĮǹʌȠıȣȞįȑıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠĮʌȩIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠʌȠȣ
ȣʌȐȡȤİȚȝȑıĮıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
īİȝȓıIJİIJĮIJȠȣțȐįȠȣȝİȞİȡȩțĮȚĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪʌȚȐIJȦȞȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȜİʌIJȐȫıIJİȞĮ
įȚĮȜȣșȠȪȞIJĮȜȓʌȘ
ǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠǹȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩțĮȚıIJİȖȞȩıijȠȣȖȖȐȡȚȖȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚ-
ȡȑıİIJİIJĮȟİȡĮȝȑȞĮȜȓʌȘȈțȠȣʌȓıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣțȐįȠȣ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠİȟȦIJİȡȚțȩȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓ
ȃșȟȖȤȚȔȘıijıʍȡijȒijȡȟȜȑİȡIJıȟıȢȪȓȑȝȝįȤȗȢȑ
ȃșȟʍȝȒȟıijıȜįȟȒȟįıȠȑȢijșȞįIJijȡʍȝȤȟijȓȢțȡʍțȑijȧȟȄįijįʍȝȒȟıijıʍȑȟijįIJijȡȥȒȢț
ƣǎǕNJNjǂǕƽǔǕǂǔLjǕLjǓnjƽǍǑǂǓ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȆȡȚȞĮȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİIJȠȜĮȝʌȐțȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
63
EL
ȁĮȝʌȐțȚīȜȩȝʌȠȢ(IJȪʌȠȣ³6´Z
ǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠʌȠȡIJȐțȚȉȠȜĮȝʌȐțȚȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚıIJȠʌȐȞȦȝȑȡȠȢʌȓıȦĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȜĮıIJȚțȒʌȡȩıȠȥȘIJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢǼȚț
ƴƶƯƵƣƥƧƴ
ȂİIJȘ³ȂǾȋǹȃǾȆȅȆȀȅȇȃ´ȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİıİİȜȐȤȚıIJĮȜİʌIJȐȖİȣıIJȚțȐțĮȚIJȡĮȖĮȞȐʌȠʌ
țȠȡȞǼȓȞĮȚȣʌȑȡȠȤĮıțȑIJĮțĮȚ ĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞ ȑȞĮȣȖȚİȚȞȩțĮȚȖİȣıIJȚțȩıȞĮțȖȚĮIJȓįİȞʌİȡȚȑȤȠȣȞ
ʌȡȩıșİIJĮȜȓʌȘ
ǹȞșȑȜİIJİȞĮIJĮțȐȞİIJİʌȚȠȖİȣıIJȚțȐȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮʌȡȠıșȑıİIJİȐȜȜĮıȣıIJĮIJȚțȐıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢ
ʌȡȠIJȚȝȒıİȚȢıĮȢȈĮȢįȓȞȠȣȝİȝİȡȚțȑȢȚįȑİȢ
ƲǐǑNjǐǒǎǍdžǑǂǒǍdžLJƽǎǂ
ȖȡʌȠʌțȠȡȞ
țȠȣIJĮȜȐțȚıțȩȡįȠıİıțȩȞȘ
țȠȣIJĮȜȐțȚʌȚʌȑȡȚ
țȠȣIJĮȜȐțȚĮȜȐIJȚ
ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚȥȚȜȠIJȡȚȝȝȑȞȘȢʌĮȡȝİȗȐȞĮȢȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠȒʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠĮȞȐȜȠȖĮȝİIJȘȞʌȡȠIJȓȝȘıȒıĮȢ
țȠȣIJȐȜȚĮȗİıIJĮȝȑȞȠȣİȜĮȚȩȜĮįȠȣ
ĭIJȚȐȟIJİIJȠʌȠʌțȠȡȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞİȞȩIJȘIJĮȅǻǾīǿǼȈ
ȋȇǾȈǾȈ
ǹȞĮțĮIJȑȥIJİIJȠıțȩȡįȠIJȠʌȚʌȑȡȚIJȠĮȜȐIJȚțĮȚIJȘȞʌĮȡȝİȗȐȞĮǹijȒıIJİIJȠȞĮ©ȟİțȠȣȡĮıIJİȓªȈİ
ȝȚĮȝİȖȐȜȘȖĮȕȐșĮȡĮȞIJȓıIJİIJȠʌȠʌțȠȡȞȝİȗİıIJȩİȜĮȚȩȜĮįȠǹȞĮțĮIJȑȥIJİțĮȜȐ
ȆȡȠıșȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJĮȐȜȜĮ ȣȜȚțȐıȣȞİȤȓȗȠȞIJĮȢȞĮĮȞĮțĮIJİȪİIJİȖȚĮȞĮ ĮȞĮȝİȚȤșȠȪȞȝİIJȠʌȠʌ
țȠȡȞȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮȞĮțĮIJȑȥİIJİIJĮĮʌȠȟȘȡĮȝȑȞĮȣȜȚțȐțĮȚıİȑȞĮȝİȖȐȜȠȤȐȡIJȚȞȠȒȣijĮıȝȐIJȚȞȠ
ıĮțȠȣȜȐțȚ
ƸǚǒNJƽǕNJNjǐǑǐǑNjǐǒǎ
ȖȡʌȠʌțȠȡȞ
țȠȣIJȐȜȚĮȗİıIJĮȝȑȞȠȣİȜĮȚȩȜĮįȠȣ
țȠȣIJĮȜȐțȚȖȜȐıȠȟȣįȚȠȪȝʌĮȜıȐȝȚțȠ
țȠȣIJĮȜȐțȚĮȜȐIJȚ
țȠȣIJȐȜȚĮijȣįĮIJȦȝȑȞȠțȡİȝȝȪįȚ
ĭIJȚȐȟIJİIJȠʌȠʌțȠȡȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞİȞȩIJȘIJĮȅǻǾīǿǼȈ
ȋȇǾȈǾȈ
ȆȠȜIJȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȠĮijȣįĮIJȦȝȑȞȠțȡİȝȝȪįȚțĮȚĮȞĮțĮIJȑȥIJİIJȠȝİIJȠĮȜȐIJȚǹijȒıIJİIJȠȞĮ©ȟİțȠȣȡĮ-
ıIJİȓªȈİȑȞĮȝʌȠȜĮȞĮțĮIJȑȥIJİIJȠȗİıIJȩİȜĮȚȩȜĮįȠȝİIJȠȖȜȐıȠIJȠȣȝʌĮȜıȐȝȚțȠ
ȈİȝȚĮȝİȖȐȜȘȖĮȕȐșĮȡĮȞIJȓıIJİIJȠʌȠʌțȠȡȞȝİĮȣIJȒIJȘıȐȜIJıĮĮȞĮțĮIJȑȥIJİțĮȜȐțĮȚʌȡȠıșȑıIJİ
ĮȡȖȐIJĮȐȜȜĮȣȜȚțȐıȣȞİȤȓȗȠȞIJĮȢȞĮĮȞĮțĮIJİȪİIJİȖȚĮȞĮĮȞĮȝİȚȤșȠȪȞȝİȩȜȠIJȠʌȠʌțȠȡȞȂʌȠ-
ȡİȓIJİȞĮĮȞĮțĮIJȑȥİIJİIJĮĮʌȠȟȘȡĮȝȑȞĮȣȜȚțȐțĮȚıİȑȞĮȝİȖȐȜȠȤȐȡIJȚȞȠȒȣijĮıȝȐIJȚȞȠıĮțȠȣȜȐțȚ
ƲǐǑNjǐǒǎǂnjǂƲNJǕǔǂDŽNJǝnjǂ3L]]DLROD
ȖȡʌȠʌțȠȡȞ
țȠȣIJȐȜȚĮȗİıIJĮȝȑȞȠȣİȜĮȚȩȜĮįȠȣ
țȠȣIJȐȜȚĮʌȠȟȘȡĮȝȑȞȘȢȡȓȖĮȞȘȢ
țȠȣIJȐȜȚĮʌȠȟȘȡĮȝȑȞȘȢȞIJȠȝȐIJĮȢ
țȠȣIJĮȜȐțȚĮȜȐIJȚ
64
EL
țȠȣIJĮȜȐțȚțĮȣIJİȡȒʌȚʌİȡȚȐıİıțȩȞȘʌȡȠĮȚȡİIJȚțȩ
ĭIJȚȐȟIJİIJȠʌȠʌțȠȡȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞİȞȩIJȘIJĮȅǻǾīǿǼȈ
ȋȇǾȈǾȈ
ȆȠȜIJȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘȞĮʌȠȟȘȡĮȝȑȞȘȞIJȠȝȐIJĮțĮȚIJȘȡȓȖĮȞȘțĮȚıIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮĮȞĮțĮIJȑȥIJİȝİIJȠĮȜȐIJȚ
țĮȚIJȘȞțĮȣIJİȡȒʌȚʌİȡȚȐįİıȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚĮȞʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȖȚĮʌĮȚįȚȐǹijȒıIJİIJȠȞĮ©ȟİțȠȣȡĮıIJİȓª
ȈİȝȚĮȝİȖȐȜȘȖĮȕȐșĮȡĮȞIJȓıIJİIJȠʌȠʌțȠȡȞȝİIJȠȗİıIJȩİȜĮȚȩȜĮįȠĮȞĮțĮIJȑȥIJİțĮȜȐțĮȚʌȡȠ-
ıșȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJĮȐȜȜĮȣȜȚțȐıȣȞİȤȓȗȠȞIJĮȢȞĮĮȞĮțĮIJİȪİIJİȖȚĮȞĮĮȞĮȝİȚȤșȠȪȞȝİȩȜȠIJȠʌȠʌ
țȠȡȞȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮȞĮțĮIJȑȥİIJİIJĮĮʌȠȟȘȡĮȝȑȞĮȣȜȚțȐțĮȚıİȑȞĮȝİȖȐȜȠȤȐȡIJȚȞȠȒȣijĮıȝȐIJȚȞȠ
ıĮțȠȣȜȐțȚ
ƲǐǑNjǐǒǎNjǂǒǂǍdžnjƾ
ȖȡʌȠʌțȠȡȞ
țȠȣIJȐȜȚĮȑIJȠȚȝȘȢțĮȡĮȝȑȜĮȢ
ȖȡȕȠȪIJȣȡȠ
țȠȣIJȐȜȚĮțȠȚȞȒȗȐȤĮȡȘȒĮʌȩȗĮȤĮȡȠțȐȜĮȝȠĮȞȐȜȠȖĮȝİIJȚȢʌȡȠIJȚȝȒıİȚȢıĮȢ
ĭIJȚȐȟIJİIJȠʌȠʌțȠȡȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞİȞȩIJȘIJĮȅǻǾīǿǼȈ
ȋȇǾȈǾȈ
ȁȚȫıIJİIJȠȕȠȪIJȣȡȠıIJȠijȠȪȡȞȠȝȚțȡȠțȣȝȐIJȦȞțĮȚĮȞĮțĮIJȑȥIJİIJȠȝİIJȘȞțĮȡĮȝȑȜĮȝȑȤȡȚȞĮȖȓȞİȚ
ȑȞĮȠȝȠȚȠȖİȞȑȢȣȖȡȩǹijȒıIJİIJȠȞĮ©ȟİțȠȣȡĮıIJİȓª
ȈİȝȚĮȝİȖȐȜȘȖĮȕȐșĮȡĮȞIJȓıIJİIJȠʌȠʌțȠȡȞȝİĮȣIJȒIJȘıȐȜIJıĮĮȞĮțĮIJȑȥIJİțĮȜȐțĮȚʌȡȠıșȑıIJİ
ĮȡȖȐIJȘȗȐȤĮȡȘıȣȞİȤȓȗȠȞIJĮȢȞĮĮȞĮțĮIJİȪİIJİȖȚĮȞĮĮȞĮȝİȚȤșİȓȝİȩȜȠIJȠʌȠʌțȠȡȞȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮ
ĮȞĮțĮIJȑȥİIJİIJĮĮʌȠȟȘȡĮȝȑȞĮȣȜȚțȐțĮȚıİȑȞĮȝİȖȐȜȠȤȐȡIJȚȞȠȒȣijĮıȝȐIJȚȞȠıĮțȠȣȜȐțȚ
65
EL
ǿǼDzdzǾǴǮǻǶdzDzǮǻǻǼǷǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶǶ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɛɵɥɨɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨɜɩɨɥɧɨɦɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɹɦɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɧɨɪɦɢɜɫɟɟɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɡɚɳɢɬɨɣɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢɦɟɪɚɦɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɢɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɜɦɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬ-
ɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟȿɫɥɢɜɵɪɟɲɢɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɪɭɤɢɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɷɬɭɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
Ɇɟɪɵɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸɨɠɨɝɨɜ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ɍɝɪɨɡɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɚɹɢɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ǻǮǵǻǮȅdzǻǶdzȁǿȀǾǼǷǿȀǰǮ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɚȼɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɦɨɠɧɨɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɦɚɫ-
ɥɨɢɥɢɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɭɅɸɛɨɟɞɪɭɝɨɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɟɢɡɝɨɬɨ-
ɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬɟɝɨɨɬɥɸɛɨɣɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɢɭɳɟɪɛɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɜɥɟɱɟɬɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɨɬɦɟɧɭ
ɥɸɛɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
ǼǿȀǮȀǼȅǻȉdzǾǶǿǸǶ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɬɶ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
Ɇɨɧɬɚɠ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɜɢɥɤɢ
Ɇɟɪɵɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸɨɠɨɝɨɜɇɟɥɶɡɹɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɤ
ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɉɨɞɨ-
ɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɨɫɬɵɧɭɬɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǽǾǮǰǶǹǮȀdzȃǻǶǸǶǯdzǵǼǽǮǿǻǼǿȀǶ
ɊɀɋɀȿɊɀɋȽɖɇɃɌɊɉɆɗɂɉȽȻɈɃɀɇɊɋɃȼɉɋȻɈɀɉȼɐɉȿɃɇɉȽɈɃɇȻ-
ɍɀɆɗɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɍɗɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɎəɃɈɌɍɋɎɅɑɃə
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɥɢɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯɰɟɥɹɯ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɧɟɫɟɬɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɜɰɟɥɹɯɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɦɪɭ-
ɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
66
RU
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɬɤɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɟɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɣɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɩɪɢɟɝɨɨɬɫɵɥɤɟɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪ-
ɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɨɜɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɢɥɢɧɟ
ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɭɞɚɪɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɨɤɚɢɥɢɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹɜɪɟɞɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɥɢɰɚɦɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɦɢɢɥɢɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɬɟɦɭ
ɤɨɝɨɧɟɬɨɩɵɬɚɢɥɢɧɚɜɵɤɨɜɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɡɚɧɢɯɥɢɰɚɢɥɢɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɩɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɟɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (& ʋ ɨɬ
ɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɫɩɢɳɟɜɵɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȒșȭȒȓȠȓȗ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɫɬɚɪɲɟ ɥɟɬɧɨ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯɢɥɢɩɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɢɦɛɭɞɭɬɞɚɧɵɩɨɞ-
ɪɨɛɧɵɟɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɟɝɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɜɨɡ-
ɦɨɠɧɵɯɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɟɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɶɫɹ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɞɟɬɹɦɢɝɪɚɬɶɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɲɧɭɪɞɨɥɠɟɧɜɫɟɝɞɚɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɧɟɡɨɧɵɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹ
ɞɟɬɟɣɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɵ ɞɟɬɹɦɧɟ
ɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ
Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɱɬɨɛɵɞɟɬɹɦɛɵɥɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɧɚɝɪɟ-
ɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɞɟɬɢɧɟɦɨɝɥɢɩɨɬɹɧɭɬɶɡɚɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɫɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɫɪɨɤɚɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɹɯɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɞɟɥɚɜɩɪɢ-
ɛɨɪɧɟɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨ-
ɛɵɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɝɪɭɲɤɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ǺȓȞȩȏȓȕȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȖȝȜȝȞȓȒȜȠȐȞȎȧȓțȖȬȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɱɚɫɬɹɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɟɝɨ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵɢɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɨɤɚɢɞɚɬɶɟɦɭɨɫɬɵɧɭɬɶɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɢɥɢɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɢɥɢɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɱɢɫɬɤɭ
67
RU
ǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
ɇɟɥɶɡɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɛɥɢɡɢɟɦɤɨɫɬɟɣɫɜɨɞɨɣɢɥɢɪɚɤɨɜɢɧ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɥɢ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸɫɟɬɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɟɣɧɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɜɥɟɱɶɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɢɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɢɢɥɢɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸ-
ɳɟɦɭɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸɫɟɬɢ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɪɨɡɟɬɤɟɫɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɦɨɤɪɵɦɢɪɭɤɚɦɢɢɥɢɛɨɫɵɦɢɧɨɝɚɦɢ
• Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɫɥɢɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɢɥɤɚɢɥɢ
ɫɚɦɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɢɦɟɸɬɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɅɸɛɵɟɜɢɞɵɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɡɚɦɟɧɭ
ɲɧɭɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯ ɰɟɧ-
ɬɪɚɯȺɪɢɷɬɟɢɥɢɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ$ULHWHɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɤɚ-
ɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ɇɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɤɬɨɣɠɟɪɨɡɟɬɤɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɞɪɭɝɨɣɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɱɢ ɭɬɸɝɢ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɬɞ Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟ-
ɝɪɭɡɤɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
ɂɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɨɲɧɭɪɨɦɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢ-
ɬɚɧɢɹ
ȼɵɧɢɦɚɹɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɧɟɬɹɧɭɬɶɡɚɩɪɨɜɨɞ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɨɫɬɪɵɦɢɢɪɟɠɭ-
ɳɢɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɂɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨ-
ɫɬɹɦɢ
ɉɪɢɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɬɹɧɭɬɶɟɝɨɡɚɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɝɪɨɡɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪ-
țȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɣɬɟ ɧɚ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɧɢɦɚɟɬɟ ɟɟ
ɢɡɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɄɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹɦɨɝɭɬɫɦɟɳɚɬɶɫɹɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣɩɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɩ-
ɤɨɪɧɚ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɱɬɨɛɵɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɛɵɥɚɩɭɫɬɚɹɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɟɟɜɩɪɢ-
ɛɨɪ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹɦɵɬɶɟɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɜɫɟɝɞɚɪɚɫɩɪɹɦɥɹɬɶɩɪɨɜɨɞ
68
RU
ɑɢɫɬɤɚɭɬɸɝɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɢɫɥɟɝɤɚɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸɢɬɨɥɶ-
ɤɨɩɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɜɵɜɵɬɚɳɢɥɢɜɢɥɤɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɡ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɢɜɫɟɱɚɫɬɢɭɬɸɝɚɨɫɬɵɥɢɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɥɸɛɵɟɪɚɫɬɜɨ-
ɪɢɬɟɥɢɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɱɚɫɬɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɭɛɪɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɧɭɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȾɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹɩɨɤɚ
ɨɫɬɵɧɭɬɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɞɨɠɞɹɫɨɥɧ-
ɰɚɢɬɞ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
Ʌɸɛɵɟ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɩɨɬɟɪɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢɢɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɧɟɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɟɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶ-
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɍɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɬɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɢɫ-
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɢɥɢɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯɱɢɫɬɤɟ
ȁȑȞȜȕȎȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȡȧȓȞȏȎȐȩȕȐȎțțȎȭȖțȩȚȖ
ȝȞȖȥȖțȎȚȖ
Ɇɨɧɬɚɠɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɨɥɟɧɜɫɟɝɞɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣɢɡ
ɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɢɥɤɟ
ȼɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
• ȿɫɥɢɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɬɟɫɶɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɞɚɠɟɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɨɛɹɡɚ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɏɪɚɧɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɜɫɭɯɨɦɯɨɪɨɲɨɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦɩɨɦɟɳɟ-
ɧɢɢ
•ȃǾǮǻǶȀȊ ǻǮǿȀǼȍȇdzdz ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼ ǽǼ ȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮ-
ȄǶǶ
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdzǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
$Ʌɚɦɩɨɱɤɚ )Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ212))ȼɄɅȼɕɄɅ
%Ʉɪɵɲɤɚɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ *Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɫɜɟɬɚ
&ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶ +Ɋɭɱɤɚ
'Ⱦɜɟɪɰɚ , ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶ
(əɳɢɤ - Ɇɟɧɡɭɪɤɚ
ǶȒȓțȠȖȢȖȘȎȤȖȜțțȩȓȒȎțțȩȓ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɣɫɹɩɨɞɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɭɤɚɡɚɧɵɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧ-
ɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚȿɋ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ0RG
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣʋ61
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟȼɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
69
RU
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ:
ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɚɹɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɚɹɫɥɭɠɛɚɬɟɯɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɉɪɢɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢɡɚɹɜɤɢɜȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǺǼǻȀǮǴǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɶɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɈɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭɢɜɵɧɶɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɢɦɟɪɧɵɣɫɬɚɤɚɧɱɢɤȼɵɧɶɬɟ
ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ
ɉɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɱɢɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɫɚɥɮɟɬɤɢɩɨ-
ɫɥɟɱɟɝɨɩɪɨɬɟɪɟɬɶɫɭɯɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɲɧɭɪɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɫɹɜɧɭɬɪɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɜɢɥɤɟɧɚɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɊɢɫ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɧɚɞɜɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɜɧɭɬɪɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɊɢɫ
Ɉɣɥɩɞɟɛɨɠɨɛɡɣɧɛɤɭɠɨɛɠɧɥɩɬɭɷɥɩɞɟɛɝɬɭɛɝɦɺɠɭɠɣɦɣɝɶɨɣɧɛɠɭɠɠɠɣɢɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ
Ʌɫɠɪɦɠɨɣɺɧɩɞɮɭɬɧɠɴɛɭɷɬɺɪɫɠɪɺɭɬɭɝɮɺɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩɤɫɛɜɩɭɠɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɫɬɟɪɠɟɧɶɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɜɝɧɟɡɞɨɦɨɬɨɪɚɩɨɞɤɪɵɲɤɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɊɢɫ
ɋɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɜɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɧɚɛɨɤɨɜɨɣɫɬɟɧɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɊɢɫɁɚɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɜ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɱɚɫɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɟɥɤɢɞɨɭɩɨɪɚ
Ɍɣɦɷɨɩɨɠɨɛɡɣɧɛɤɭɠɧɩɡɠɭɬɦɩɧɛɭɷɬɺɫɠɢɷɜɛɨɛɫɮɲɥɠ
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
Ɏɜɠɟɣɭɠɬɷɝɭɩɧɲɭɩɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɠɝɛɳɠɤɟɩɧɛɳɨɠɤɬɠɭɣɬɩɩɭɝɠɭɬɭɝɮɠɭɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɹ
ɮɥɛɢɛɨɨɩɧɮɨɛɭɛɜɦɣɲɥɠɬɭɠɰɨɣɲɠɬɥɣɧɣɟɛɨɨɶɧɣɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɧɚ ɪɨɜɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɨɬ ɜɨɞɵ ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ
ɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɱɬɨɛɵɟɦɨɤɫɬɶɛɵɥɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɧɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹɯɊɢɫɉɪɨɜɟɪɶ-
ɬɟɱɬɨɛɵɫɬɟɪɠɟɧɶɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɛɵɥɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɜɝɧɟɡɞɨɦɨɬɨɪɚɊɢɫ
ɁɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɹɳɢɤɁɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭ
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟɜɫɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɚɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɚɦɚɫɥɨɦɢɫɨɱɤɢɢɩɚɤɟ-
ɬɢɤɢɞɥɹɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɚɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɱɬɨɛɵɤɧɨɩɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ)ɛɵɥɚɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɚɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ)ɞɥɹɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚȾɚɣɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɧɚɝɪɟɬɶɫɹɜɬɟɱɟ-
ɧɢɟɦɢɧɭɬ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ)ɞɥɹɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɫɚɦɵɣɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣɦɟɪɧɵɣɫɬɚɤɚɧɦɚɫɥɨɦɧɚȾɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɦɚɫɥɨ
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ%
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɱɚɫɬɹɦɩɪɢ-
ɛɨɪɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɟɝɨɪɚɛɨɬɵɢɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹɤɪɵɲɤɢɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɸɳɭɸ-
ɫɹɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸɪɭɱɤɭɊɢɫ
70
RU
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɦɚɫɥɨɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɦɟɪɧɵɣɫɬɚɤɚɧɱɢɤɩɨɛɨɥɶɲɟɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɧɵɦɢɡɟɪɧɚɦɢɧɚ
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ%
ɇɚɫɵɩɶɬɟɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɧɵɟɡɟɪɧɚɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ
Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ)ɞɥɹɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɱɟɪɟɡɦɢɧɭɬɭɪɚɡɞɚɫɬɫɹɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣɡɜɭɤɜɡɪɵɜɚɡɟɪɟɧɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵɉɨɩɤɨɪɧɧɚɱ-
ɧɟɬɩɨɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹɢɡɩɨɞɤɪɵɲɤɢɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɄɨɝɞɚɡɟɪɧɚɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɭɬɜɡɪɵɜɚɬɶɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸɪɭɱɤɭɱɬɨɛɵɨɬɤɪɵɬɶɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ)ɞɥɹɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɹɳɢɤ(Ⱦɜɟɪɰɭ'ɞɟɪɠɢɬɟɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɫɥɭɱɧɨɝɨɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɱɚɫɬɹɦɢɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɥɨɠɤɢ
ɀɬɦɣ ɣɢ ɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ ɜɮɟɠɭ ɝɶɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɟɶɧɩɥ ɝɩ ɝɫɠɧɺ ɪɫɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɺ ɪɩɪɥɩɫɨɛ ɭɩɸɭɩ
ɩɜɵɺɬɨɺɠɭɬɺɣɢɦɣɳɨɣɧɥɩɦɣɲɠɬɭɝɩɧɡɣɫɛɣɦɣɧɛɬɦɛɝɠɧɥɩɬɭɣɋɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɮɠɭɬɺɭɴɛ-
ɭɠɦɷɨɩɲɣɬɭɣɭɷɠɧɥɩɬɭɷɪɠɫɠɟɥɛɡɟɶɧɪɫɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɠɧɪɩɪɥɩɫɨɛ
ǽȜșȓȕțȩȓȟȜȐȓȠȩ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɫɟɯɜɢɞɨɜɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɚɢɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɚɜɵ-
ɫɨɤɨɝɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɈɛɵɱɧɨɠɟɥɬɚɹɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɚɛɨɥɶɲɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɞɥɹɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɚɱɟɦɛɟɥɚɹ
ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɜɡɨɪɜɟɬɫɹɦɟɧɶɲɟɡɟɪɟɧɢɢɡ
ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɜɵɣɞɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɟɧɟɜɡɨɪɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹɡɟɪɟɧɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵɂɡɥɢɲɧɟɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧ-
ɧɵɯɡɟɪɟɧɦɨɠɟɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɜɡɨɪɜɚɜɲɢɟɫɹɡɟɪɧɚɫɝɨɪɹɬɢɜɵɡɨɜɭɬɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɞɵɦɚɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɠɚɹɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ
ǼȅǶǿȀǸǮǶȀdzȃǼǯǿǹȁǴǶǰǮǻǶdz
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɟɪɟɞɱɢɫɬɤɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɟɝɨɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɅɸɛɵɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɨ
ɭɯɨɞɭɡɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɪɢɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɨɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɥɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɫɟɝɞɚɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɲɧɭɪɚȼɚɲɟɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɟɪɟɞɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɢɜɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹɜɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣɰɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɞɥɹɟɝɨɡɚɦɟɧɵɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣɩɟɪ-
ɫɨɧɚɥ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȝȞȖȏȜȞȎ
ɉɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɱɢɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɫɚɥɮɟɬɤɢɩɨ-
ɫɥɟɱɟɝɨɩɪɨɬɟɪɟɬɶɫɭɯɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȓȚȘȜȟȠȖ
Ɉɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭ+ɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɩɨɱɚɫɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɟɥɤɟɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭ
71
RU
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɫɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɣɈɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɨɬɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ-
ɧɵɣɜɧɭɬɪɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɧɚɬɟɩɥɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɫɦɵɥɨɦɈɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɜɨɞɭɫɦɵɥɨɦɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɧɚ
ɦɢɧɭɬɱɬɨɛɵɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɫɹɜɟɫɶɠɢɪ
Ɉɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɉɪɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɦɹɝɤɭɸɢɫɭɯɭɸɝɭɛɤɭɞɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɫɢɥɶɧɨɩɪɢɫɬɚɜɲɟɣɝɪɹɡɢɌɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɵɬɪɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɜɧɭɬɪɢ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɫɧɚɪɭɠɢɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɦɹɝɤɨɣɬɤɚɧɢ
ɂɛɪɫɠɴɛɠɭɬɺɪɩɞɫɮɡɛɭɷɠɧɥɩɬɭɷɝɝɩɟɮɣɦɣɟɫɮɞɣɠɡɣɟɥɩɬɭɣ
ɈɠɦɷɢɺɧɶɭɷɲɛɬɭɣɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɝɪɩɬɮɟɩɧɩɠɲɨɩɤɧɛɳɣɨɠȽɬɠɞɟɛɧɩɤɭɠɝɫɮɲɨɮɹ
ǵȎȚȓțȎșȎȚȝȜȥȓȘ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɪɟɠɞɟɱɟɦɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɡɚɦɟɧɭɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɨɤɚ
Ʌɚɦɩɨɱɤɚȿɬɢɩ³6´ȼɬɤɨɥɛɚɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ
ɈɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭɅɚɦɩɨɱɤɚɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɫɜɟɪɯɭɡɚɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣɱɚɫɬɶɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ɋɢɫ
ǾdzȄdzǽȀȉ
ɋɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɉɈɉɄɈɊɇɂɐɕɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣɚɪɨɦɚɬɧɵɣɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɡɚɫɱɢɬɚɧ-
ɧɵɟɦɢɧɭɬɵɍɧɟɝɨɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɵɣɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɣɜɤɭɫɢɨɧɦɨɠɟɬɫɥɭɠɢɬɶɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦɡɚɜɬɪɚɤɨɦ
ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɸɜɪɟɞɧɵɯɠɢɪɨɜ
ȿɫɥɢɯɨɬɢɬɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɶɢɦɛɨɥɟɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɣɜɤɭɫɦɨɠɟɬɟɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶɞɪɭɝɢɟɢɧɝɪɢɞɢɟɧɬɵɧɚ
ȼɚɲɟɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦȼɚɲɟɦɭɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɸɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɜ
ǽȜȝȘȜȞțȟȝȎȞȚȓȕȎțȜȚ
ɝɩɨɩɤɪɨɧɚ
ɱɚɣɧɚɹɥɨɠɤɚɱɟɫɧɨɱɧɨɝɨɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ
ɱɚɣɧɚɹɥɨɠɤɚɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ
ɥɨɠɤɚɫɨɥɢ
ɱɚɲɤɚɦɟɥɤɨɧɚɬɟɪɬɨɝɨɩɚɪɦɟɡɚɧɚɩɨȼɚɲɟɦɭɜɤɭɫɭ
ɥɨɠɤɢɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɬɨɝɨɨɥɢɜɤɨɜɨɝɨɦɚɫɥɚ
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɦɪɚɡɞɟɥɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂəɉɈɗɄɋɉɅɍȺɌȺɐɂɂ
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɣɬɟɱɟɫɧɨɱɧɵɣɢɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɣɩɨɪɨɲɤɢɫɨɥɶɢɩɚɪɦɟɡɚɧɈɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɭɸɫɦɟɫɶ
ɧɚɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɪɟɦɹȼɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɦɢɫɤɟɩɪɨɩɢɬɚɣɬɟɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɬɟɩɥɵɦɨɥɢɜɤɨɜɵɦɦɚɫɥɨɦɌɳɚ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɣɬɟ
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɹ ɩɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɫɭɯɢɟ ɢɧɝɪɢɞɢɟɧɬɵ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɩɤɨɪɧ ɥɭɱɲɟ
ɩɪɨɩɢɬɚɥɫɹɋɭɯɢɟɢɧɝɪɢɞɢɟɧɬɵɦɨɠɧɨɬɚɤɠɟɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɜɛɨɥɶɲɨɦɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɦɢɥɢɩɨ-
ɥɨɬɧɹɧɨɦɦɟɲɤɟ
ǽȜȝȘȜȞțȝȜȒȓȞȓȐȓțȟȘȖ
ɝɩɨɩɤɪɨɧɚ
ɥɨɠɤɢɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɬɨɝɨɨɥɢɜɤɨɜɨɝɨɦɚɫɥɚ
ɥɨɠɤɢɝɥɚɡɭɪɢɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɛɚɥɶɡɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɭɤɫɭɫɚ
ɥɨɠɤɚɫɨɥɢ
72
RU
ɥɨɠɤɚɫɭɲɟɧɨɝɨɥɭɤɚ
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɦɪɚɡɞɟɥɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂəɉɈɗɄɋɉɅɍȺɌȺɐɂɂ
ɌɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɢɬɟɫɭɲɟɧɵɣɥɭɤɢɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɣɬɟɫɫɨɥɶɸɈɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɭɸɫɦɟɫɶɧɚ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɪɟɦɹȼɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɨɣɦɢɫɨɱɤɟɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɣɬɟɬɟɩɥɨɟɨɥɢɜɤɨɜɨɟɦɚɫɥɨɫɝɥɚɡɭɪɶɸ
ɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɛɚɥɶɡɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɭɤɫɭɫɚ
ȼɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɦɢɫɤɟɩɪɨɩɢɬɚɣɬɟɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣɫɦɟɫɶɸɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɣɬɟɚɡɚ-
ɬɟɦɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɫɭɯɢɟɢɧɝɪɢɞɢɟɧɬɵɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɹɜɫɟɜɪɟɦɹɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɥɭɱɲɟɩɪɨɩɢɬɚɥɫɹɋɭɯɢɟɢɧɝɪɢɞɢɟɧɬɵɦɨɠɧɨɬɚɤɠɟɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɜɛɨɥɶɲɨɦɛɭ-
ɦɚɠɧɨɦɢɥɢɩɨɥɨɬɧɹɧɨɦɦɟɲɤɟ
ǽȜȝȘȜȞțȎșȭȝȖȤȤȎȗȜșȎ
ɝɩɨɩɤɪɨɧɚ
ɥɨɠɤɢɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɬɨɝɨɨɥɢɜɤɨɜɨɝɨɦɚɫɥɚ
ɥɨɠɤɚɫɭɯɨɝɨɨɪɢɝɚɧɨ
ɥɨɠɤɚɫɭɲɟɧɵɯɩɨɦɢɞɨɪɨɜ
ɥɨɠɤɚɫɨɥɢ
ɥɨɠɤɚɩɨɪɨɲɤɚɩɚɩɪɢɤɢɩɨɠɟɥɚɧɢɸ
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɦɪɚɡɞɟɥɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂəɉɈɗɄɋɉɅɍȺɌȺɐɂɂ
Ɍɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɢɬɟ ɫɭɲɟɧɵɟ ɩɨɦɢɞɨɪɵ ɢ ɨɪɢɝɚɧɨ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɭɸ
ɫɦɟɫɶɫɫɨɥɶɸɢɩɚɩɪɢɤɨɣɧɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɞɥɹɞɟɬɤɨɝɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɈɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɭɸ
ɫɦɟɫɶɧɚɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɪɟɦɹ
ȼɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɦɢɫɤɟɩɪɨɩɢɬɚɣɬɟɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɬɟɩɥɵɦɨɥɢɜɤɨɜɵɦɦɚɫɥɨɦɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɣɬɟ
ɚɡɚɬɟɦɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɫɭɯɢɟɢɧɝɪɢɞɢɟɧɬɵɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɹɜɫɟɜɪɟɦɹɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɱɬɨ-
ɛɵɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɥɭɱɲɟɩɪɨɩɢɬɚɥɫɹɋɭɯɢɟɢɧɝɪɢɞɢɟɧɬɵɦɨɠɧɨɬɚɤɠɟɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɜɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ
ɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɦɢɥɢɩɨɥɨɬɧɹɧɨɦɦɟɲɤɟ
ǽȜȝȘȜȞțȟȘȎȞȎȚȓșȪȬ
ɝɩɨɩɤɪɨɧɚ
ɥɨɠɤɢɝɨɬɨɜɨɣɤɚɪɚɦɟɥɢ
ɝɫɥɢɜɨɱɧɨɝɨɦɚɫɥɚ
ɥɨɠɤɢɫɚɯɚɪɚɩɟɫɤɚɢɥɢɬɪɨɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɝɨɫɚɯɚɪɚɩɨȼɚɲɟɦɭɠɟɥɚɧɢɸ
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɦɪɚɡɞɟɥɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂəɉɈɗɄɋɉɅɍȺɌȺɐɂɂ
Ɋɚɫɬɨɩɢɬɟɫɥɢɜɨɱɧɨɟɦɚɫɥɨɜɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣɩɟɱɢɢɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɣɬɟɟɝɨɫɤɚɪɚɦɟɥɶɸɞɨɩɨɥɭ-
ɱɟɧɢɹɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɣɦɚɫɫɵɈɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɭɸɫɦɟɫɶɧɚɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɪɟɦɹ
ȼɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɦɢɫɤɟɩɪɨɩɢɬɚɣɬɟɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣɫɦɟɫɶɸɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɣɬɟɚɡɚɬɟɦ
ɞɨɛɚɜɶɬɟɫɚɯɚɪɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɹɦɟɲɚɬɶɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɩɤɨɪɧɯɨɪɨɲɨɩɪɨɩɢɬɚɥɫɹɋɭɯɢɟɢɧɝɪɢɞɢɟɧɬɵ
ɦɨɠɧɨɬɚɤɠɟɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɜɛɨɥɶɲɨɦɛɭɦɚɠɧɨɦɢɥɢɩɨɥɨɬɧɹɧɨɦɦɟɲɤɟ
Ⱦɚɬɚɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ61ZN\UDEFGHIJ
ɝɞɟZN±ɧɟɞɟɥɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
\U±ɝɨɞɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
DEFGHIJ±ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɈɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɧɢɡɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨ-
ɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɚɜɝɭɫɬɚɝɨɞɚ
73
RU
ɌɊɌɋ©ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜªɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟ-
ɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɞɟɤɚɛɪɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟ-
ɥɢɹ
%aȽɰȼɬɄɥɚɫɫ,±,3;
ɋɞɟɥɚɧɨɜɄɢɬɚɟ
ɂɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɈɈɈ©Ɇɟɞɢɚɬɟɯª
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɢɰɚɋɚɞɨɜɚɹɌɪɢɭɦɮɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɦɫɬɪɨɟ-
ɧɢɟɉɈɆ,ɄɈɆ
ɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɍɫɚɱɟɜɚɞɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɨɦ,,ɤɨɦ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ'H¶/RQJKL$SSOLDQFHV6UO©ȾɟɥɨɧɝɢȺɩɩɥɚɟɧɫɢɫɋɊɅªȺɞɪɟɫɂɬɚɥɢɹ
ɎɥɨɪɟɧɰɢɹɄɚɦɩɢȻɢɡɟɧɰɢɨȼɢɚɋɄɭɢɪɢɤɨ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɣɢɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɦɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɫɚɣɬɟKWWSZZZDULHWHQHWUXDVVLVWDQFH
Ƚɨɪɹɱɚɹɥɢɧɢɹ$ULHWH
Ɍɨɜɚɪɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟɢɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸɧɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɦɟɫɬɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɣɫɪɨɤɝɨɞɚɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟ-
ɥɢɹ
74
RU
ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ ﺔّﻴﻤﺤﻣو ،ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ
يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻠﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳاو صﺮﺤﺑ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ةءاﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
هﺬﻫ ﻖﻓرأ .ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌا ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻼﻟ ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا .راﴐﻷاو ثداﻮﺤﻟا عﻮﻗو ﻊﻨﳌ ،ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ
.ﻐﻠﻟ ﻪﺋاﺪﻫإ وأ ﻪﻌﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا زﻮﻣﺮﻟﺎﺑ ةﺰﻴﻤﻣ ،ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ةدراﻮﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ دﻮﻌﺗ رﺎﻄﺧأ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ضﺮﻐﻟا
ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﻊﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻳ ﻻ .ءاﺮﻔﺻ ةرذ وأ ﺖﻳز ﻂﻘﻓ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ ﻊﺿﻮﻳ .رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﻀﺤﺘﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ
ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﻖﺋﻻ ﻐﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا يدﺆﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز .ﺔﻘﺋﻻ ﻏ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ
.ﺎﻬﺘﻐﻴﺻ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻬﻣ ،نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﺎﻄﺑإ
ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ىﺮﺧأ ﻞﺋاﻮﺳ ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ .ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﻞﺼﻓا
ءاﺰﺟﻷا دﱪﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﺎﻬﺋﺎﻔﻃإ ﲇﺘﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا لﻼﺧو ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ .قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا
نﺎﻣﻷا تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا صﺮﺤﺑ أﺮﻗا.
.ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺻ وأ ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺗ ضاﺮﻏﻷ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﱄﺰﻨﳌا لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﻤﺼﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ •
ﻦﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ضاﺮﻏﻷ وأ ﺊﻃﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺐﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ضاﺮﻏﻷا
ﻏ داﻮ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟا ﺐﻄﻌﻟا ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺠﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا نﻷ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮ ظﺎﻔﺘﺣﻻا ﺢﺼﻨﻳ •
.ﺺّﺧﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﱃإ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻘﺋﻻ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ تﺎﻣﺪﺻ وأ ﻖﻳﺮﺣ رﺎﻄﺧأ عﻮﻗو ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻧﺎﺻ ﻦﻣ ةدرﻮﻣ ﻏو ﺔﻘﺋﻻ ﻏ تاﺪﻌﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا •
.صﺎﺨﺷﻷﺎﺑ رﴬﻟا قﺎﺤﻟإ وأ
ﻦﻳﺬﻟا صﺎﺨﺷﻷا وأ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟاو ﺔﻴ ّ
ﺴﺤﻟاو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا ﻢﻫاﻮﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ نﻮﻜﻠ ﻻ صﺎﺨﺷأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ •
ﻢﻬﺒﻳرﺪﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﻌﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻄﻳﴍ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ وأ ةﱪﺧ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا كاردإ ﲆﻋ ﻦﻳردﺎﻗو ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ
داﻮﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌاو 2004/10/27 ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﺑ ةردﺎﺼﻟا 2004/1935 ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻢﻈﻨﻟ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا •
.ﺔﻳﺬﻏﻸﻟ ﺔﺴﻣﻼﳌا
75
AR
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
نأو ﻖﺒﺳ وأ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻄﻳﴍ ،تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ •
.ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ يﻮﻄﻨﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺮﻃﺎﺨﳌا نﻮﻛرﺪﻳو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻤﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻢﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺐﻌﻠﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ حﺴﻟا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﻞﻘﺗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﻦﻋ ًاﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻆﻔﺣ ﺐﺠﻳ •
،تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﻞﻘﺗ دﻻوأ ﺎﻬﺑ مﻮﻘﻳ ﻻ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا مﺎﻬﻣ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺄﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا لﻋأ •
.ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻄﻳﴍو
.ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﱃإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﻻ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ •
.ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﻷ ،لﺎﻔﻃﻷا لوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﰲ ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
.ضرﻷا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا طﺎﻘﺳإو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺪﺸﺑ ﻞﻔﻃ مﻮﻘﻳ نﺄﺑ ﳽﻼﺗ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺺﻗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﻊﻨﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺎﻬﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ •
ﺐﻌﻠﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز
.ﻪﺑ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ .ﻪﺋﺎﻔﻃﻹ ﺔﻘﺣﻼﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا لﻼﺧو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ •
ءاﺰﺟأ دﺎﻌﺑإ وأ لﺎﺧدإ ﻞﺒﻗ دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧاو ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒّﻗﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ •
.ﻪﻔﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ وأ ﻪﻨﻣ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﻞﺳﺎﻐﻣ وأ ءﺎﻣ ﺔﻴﻋوأ ﻦﻣ بﺮﻘﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺻو ﻞﺒﻗ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
.ثداﻮﺣو راﴐأ عﻮﻗو ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ،ﺔﻌﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺼﺧّﺮﻣ ﻐﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا تﻼﺻﻮﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا •
.رﺎﻴﺘﻟا ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺣ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓاﻮﺘﻣ ﻏ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺬﺧﺂﻣ وأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ تﻼﺻو ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
.ضّرﺆﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺬﺧﺄ ﺎاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺻوأ •
.ىﺮﺧأ ﻞﺋاﻮﺳ ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ •
.ﻣﺪﻘﻟا ﰲﺎﺣ ﺖﻨﻛ اذإ وأ ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻟﻮﻠﺒﻣ ﻚﻳﺪﻳ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ اذإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
،حﻼﺻﻹا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ .ﻒﻠﺘﻣ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ وأ نﺎﻔﻠﺘﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا وأ ﻞﺒﻜﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ Ariete ﺔﻛﴩﻟ ﻊﺑﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ
.ﺮﻄﺧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻟﻮﺨﻣ ءاﱪﺧ
ﺮﻄﺧ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﺲﻔﻧ ﲆﻋ (... ﺎﻫﻏو تﺎّﻌﺸﻣو يوﺎﻜﻣو تﺎﻧﺎّﺨﺳ) ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ةرﺪﻗ تاذ ﺮﺧآ زﺎﻬﺟ يأ ﻚﺒﺸﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺤﻟا زوﺎﺠﺗ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ةرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺪﻨﺴﺗ ﻻ •
.ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّﺪﺷ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻔﺗ ﻻ •
.ﻒﻠﺘﻠﻟ ﻪﺿﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ،ةدﺎﺣ ءاﺰﺟأ وأ فاﻮﺣ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
.ةّرﺎﺤﻟا حﻮﻄﺴﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺔﺴﻣﻼﻣ مﺪﻋ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻪﺒﺤﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻘﻨﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﻞﺼﻓا ،ﺔﻳﻮﺟ ﺔﻔﺻﺎﻋ عﻮﻗو ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ •
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻦﻜﺗ اذإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻣاﻮﻘﻟا ﺮﺛﺆﺗ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻂﻣاﻮﻗ ﲆﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا لﺎﺧدإ وأ ﺐﺤﺳ ﺪﻨﻋ ةﻮﻘﻟا ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
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.ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﺲﻔﻧ ﲆﻋ
.رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﻀﺤﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﺗ نأ ﺪﻌﺑ ناروﺪﻟا ﻦﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻒﻗوأ •
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﰲ ﻪﻟﺎﺧدإ ﻞﺒﻗ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺧاد ءﺎﻴﺷأ دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ •
.اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﺴﻐﺗ ﻻ •
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎاد ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّ
ﻚِﻓ •
ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻦﻜ ،ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ دوﺮُﺑو ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺲﺑﺎﻗ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ •
ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ يدﺆﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ تﺎﺒﻳﺬﻣ ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻼﻴﻠﻗ ﺔﺒﻃﺮﻣو ﺔﻨﺸﺧ ﻏ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ
.ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا
.ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا دﱪﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻆﻔﺣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺎاد ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا •
.(...ﺎﻫﻏو ﺲﻤﺸﻟاو رﺎﻄﻣﻷا) ﺔﻳﻮﺠﻟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
.ﻖﻠﻄﻟا ءاﻮﻬﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا نﺎﻣأو ﺔﻣﻼﺳ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ ،ﻊﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺼﺧﺮﻣ ﻏو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﲆﻋ ﻢﺘﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا تﻼﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟا يدﺆﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ •
.مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ
.ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا وأ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاد ءاﺰﺟأ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﻻ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ّ
ﻚﻔﺗ ﻻ •
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ دﻮﻌﺗ رﺎﻄﺧأ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺐﻴﻛﱰﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﰲ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻌﺷأ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺻو ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺒﻗاﺮﻣ نوﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻦﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺼﻗ ةﱰﻔﻟ ﻮﻟو دﺎﻌﺘﺑﻻا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ •
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
.فﺎﺟو درﺎﺑو فﻮﻘﺴﻣ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻆﻔﺣا •
.تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا هﺬﻬﺑ ﺎاد ﻆﻔﺘﺣا •
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
ﺔﺒﻤﻠﻟا - AON-OFF ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا / لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز - F
ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ءﺎﻄﻏ - Bءﻮﻀﻟا لﺎﻌﺷإ ّرز - G
ءﺎﻋو - Cﺾﺒﻘﻣ - H
بﺎﺑ - Dﺲﺑﺎﻗ + ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ - I
قوﺪﻨﺻ - Eءﺎﳌا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ - J
ﺔﻴﻨﻓ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻞﻔﺳأ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ يﻮﺘﺤﺗ
CE ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟاو ﻊﻧﺎﺼﻟا •
(.Mod) ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا •
(SN) ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﳌا ﻢﻗر •
(ﺲﺗﻫ) ددﱰﻟاو (ﺖﻟﻮﻓ) ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻓ •
(طاو) ﺔﺼﺘﻤﳌا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةرﺪﻘﻟا •
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﻢﺴﻗ ﻒﺗﺎﻫ ﻢﻗر •
.ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻢﻗرو ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا ﺮﻛذ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﺰﻛﺮ لﺎﺼﺗﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
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زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ
.ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ ﺐﺤﺳا .ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا .سﺎﻴﻘﳌاو ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﺪﻌﺑأو بﺎﺒﻟا ﺢﺘﻓا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ ﺪﻌﺑأ
ﺔّﻓﺎﺟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻔﻔﺟ ﻢﺛ ،ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏو ﺔﺒﻃر ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒّﻈﻧ
.(2 ﻞﻜﺷ) ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ﻞﺻوأ
.(3 ﻞﻜﺷ) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺗﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺘﻄﻣﺎﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
ﻦﻜﺗ اذإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻣاﻮﻘﻟا ﺮﺛﺆﺗ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻂﻣاﻮﻗ ﲆﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا لﺎﺧدإ وأ ﺐﺤﺳ ﺪﻨﻋ ةﻮﻘﻟا ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
.ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﺲﻔﻧ ﲆﻋ
.(4 ﻞﻜﺷ) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ءﺎﻄﻏ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا كﺮﺤﳌا ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ﰲ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا دﻮﻤﻋ ﻞﺧدأ
ﺔﻋﺎﺴﻟا برﺎﻘﻋ هﺎﺠﺗا ﺲﻜﻌﺑ ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﻒﻟ .(5 ﻞﻜﺷ) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﲆﻋ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺐﻘﺜﻟا ﰲ ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﻞﺧدأ ،جرﺎﺨﻟا ﻦﻣ
.رﺎﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإو
.ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﲆﻋ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﻦﻨﺴﺘﻟا ﴪﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ :ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻒﻠﺗ ﻻ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻳوﺎﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔﻴﻄﻠﻓ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﻚﻓ .ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺪﻴﻌﺑو ٍﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ -
ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا دﻮﻤﻋ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ .(3 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻂﻣاﻮﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺐﻛﺮﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ -
.(4 ﻞﻜﺷ) كﺮﺤﳌا ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ﰲ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا
.بﺎﺒﻟا ﻖﻠﻏأ .قوﺪﻨﺼﻟا ﻖﻠﻏأ -
(F) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا رز نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ .رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﻊﺿﻮﻟ سﺎﻴﻛأو نﻮﺤﺻو ﺖﻳزو ءاﺮﻔﺻ ةرذ :رﺎﺸﻔﻟا جﺎﺘﻧﻹ مزﻻ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻛ ﴬﺣ
."0" ﲆﻋ عﻮﺿﻮﻣو ﺄﻔﻄﻣ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ -
.ﻖﺋﺎﻗد 3-5 ةﺪﳌ ﻦﺨﺴﻳ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا كﺮﺗا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﺎﻌﺷﻹ (F) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا رز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃﻹ (F) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا رز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
.ةزﺎﺘﻤﻣ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﺎﺒﻧ ﺖﻳز ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺖﻳﺰﺑ ﻐﺼﻟا سﺎﻴﻘﳌا 2/3 ﻸﻣا -
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا بﺎﺑ ﺢﺘﻓا -
.(B) ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ءﺎﻄﻏ ﺢﺘﻓا -
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﻪﺋﺎﻔﻃﻹ ﺔﻘﺣﻼﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا لﻼﺧو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ﺾﺒﻘﳌا مﺪﺨﺘﺳا ،ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ءﺎﻄﻏ ﺢﺘﻔﻟ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﺐﻜﺳأ -
.ءاﺮﻔﺼﻟا ةرﺬﻟﺎﺑ ﺒﻜﻟا سﺎﻴﻘﳌا 2/3 ﻸﻣا -
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا بﺎﺑ ﺢﺘﻓا -
.(B) ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ءﺎﻄﻏ ﺢﺘﻓا -
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ ءاﺮﻔﺼﻟا ةرﺬﻟا ﺐﻜﺳأ -
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا بﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻏأ -
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﺎﻌﺷﻹ (F) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا رز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
ﻲﻬﺘﻨﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ءﺎﻄﻏ ﻦﻣ جوﺮﺨﻟا رﺎﺸﻔﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ .ةرﺬﻟا تﺎّﺒﺤﻟ ﻴﺳﻼﻜﻟا رﺎﺠﻔﻧﻻا عﺴﺑ أﺪﺒﺗ ،ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد ﺪﻌﺑ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻎﻳﺮﻔﺘﻟ ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،رﺎﺠﻔﻧﻻا ﻦﻣ ةرﺬﻟا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃﻹ (F) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا رز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
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رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا .يﻮﻔﻋ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺔﺴﻣﻼﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ (D) بﺎﺒﻟا ﻖﻠﻏأ .(E) قوﺪﻨﺼﻟا ﺢﺘﻓا -
.ﺔﻘﻌﻠ ﺔﻧﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ
ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺪﺋاﺰﻟا ﺖﻳﺰﻟا وأ ﻦﻫﺪﻟا ﱃإ ﻪﺗاذ ﺪﺤﺑ دﻮﻌﻳ اﺬﻬﻓ ،رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﻀﺤﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ نﺎﺧد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا رﺪﺻأ اذإ
.رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﻀﺤﺗ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ .ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا
ةﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻧ
ﻦﻣ ﻻﺪﺑ ءاﺮﻔﺼﻟا ةرﺬﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﺴﺤﺘﺴﳌا ﻦﻣ .ةزﺎﺘﻤﳌا ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻨﻟا ﻦﻣو ﳼﺎﻴﻘﻟا رﺎﺸﻔﻟا عاﻮﻧأ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻟ ﻢﻤﺼﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ
.ءﺎﻀﻴﺒﻟا ةرﺬﻟا
ﺊﻠﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ .ةﺮﺠﻔﻨﻣ ﻏ ةﺜﻛ ةرذ تﺎﺒﺣ جﺮﺨﺗو ﻞﻗأ ةرذ تﺎﺒﺣ ﺮﺠﻔﻨﺗ ، ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻛ ﻏ ﺔﻴﻤﻜﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺊﻠﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺣ دادﺰﺗو نﺎﺧد رﺪﺼﺗو ةﺮﺠﻔﻨﳌا تﺎﺒﺤﻟا قﱰﺤﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ةدرﺎﺑ ﻲﻫو ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ يأ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ىﺮﺧﻷا ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﱃإ هﺬﺧ ﻪﻔﻠﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲو ،ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ كزﺎﻬﺠﺑ صﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ﺺﺘﺨﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﻟاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﻢﺘﻳ ﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﺧ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ بﺮﻗأ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﻪﻛﺎﺣ داﻮﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺔّﻓﺎﺟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻔﻔﺟ ﻢﺛ ،ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏو ﺔﺒﻃر ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒّﻈﻧ
ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻀﺒﻘﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ .ﺔﻋﺎﺴﻟا برﺎﻘﻋ هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ (H) ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﻚﻓ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ﻦﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ .ﻂﻣاﻮﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ
.ﻦﻫﺪﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ بوﺬﻳ ﻟ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 15-20 ةﺪﻣ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .نﻮﺑﺎﺼﻟاو ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا 2/3 ﻸﻣا
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﻒّﻔﺟ .ﺐﻠﺼﻟا ﻦﻫﺪﻟا دﺎﻌﺑﻹ ﺔﻓﺎﺟو ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ ﺞﻨﻔﺳا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ةروﴬﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ .ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا غّﺮﻓ
.ﺪﻴﺟ
.ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻲﺟرﺎﺨﻟا ﺢﻄﺴﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ
.ىﺮﺧأ ﻞﺋاﻮﺳ ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ
.ﺪﻴﻟﺎﺑ تﺎﺒّﻛﺮ ﳌ ا ًﺎاد ﻞﺴﻏا .اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد ﺐّﻛﺮﻣ يأ ﻞﺴﻐﺗ ﻻ
ءﻮﻀﻟا لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺔﺒﻤﻠﻟا لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا
.ﺔﻠﺼﺑ ﻊﻣ S” 15w” عﻮﻧE12 :ﺔﺒﻤﻠﻟا
.(9 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻨﺼﳌا ﻲﻣﺎﻣﻷا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﻒﻠﺧو يﻮﻠﻌﻟا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺔﺒﻤﻠﻟا ﺪﺟﻮﺗ .بﺎﺒﻟا ﺢﺘﻓا
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تﺎﻔﺻﻮﻟا
ﻪﺘﻟﺎﺤﺑ ﺬﻳﺬﻟ !اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺑ لﻼﺧ ﺔﻳﺮﻄﻋ ﺔﺤﺋاﺮﺑو ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ رﺎﺸﻓ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ POPCORN MAKER زﺎﻬﺟ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ
.ﺔﻓﺎﻀﳌا نﻮﻫﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ ﱄﺎﺧ ﻪﻧﻷ ةﺬﻳﺬﻟو ﺔﻴﺤﺻ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ ﺔﺒﺟو ﻞﻜﺸﻳو ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا
:رﺎﻜﻓﻷا ﺾﻌﺑ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻚﻴﻠﻋ حﱰﻘﻧ .ﻚﻗوﺬﻟ ﺎﻘﻓو ىﺮﺧأ تﺎﻧﻮﻜﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﻚﻨﻜ ،ﻪﺗﺬﻟ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ نأ تدرأ اذإ
ﻮﻧﺎﺠﻴﻣرﺎﺒﻟا ﺟ ﻊﻣ رﺎﺸﻓ
رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏ 120
مﻮﺜﻟا قﻮﺤﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ةﻐﺻ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ 1
ﻞﻔﻠﻔﻟا قﻮﺤﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ةﻐﺻ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ 1/2
ﺢﻠﳌا ﻦﻣ ةﻐﺻ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ 1
(ﻢﻜﻗوذ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺎﻣ ﺎﻋﻮﻧ) ﻢﻋﺎﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ شوﱪﳌا ﻮﻧﺎﺠﻴﻣرﺎﺒﻟا ﺟ ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ 1
ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا نﻮﺘﻳﺰﻟا ﺖﻳز ﻦﻣ ﻖﻟﺎﻌﻣ 3
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻢﺴﻗ ﱃإ عﻮﺟﺮﻟاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ّﴬﺣ
نﻮﺘﻳﺰﻟا ﺖﻳﺰﺑ رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﻞﻠﺑ ،ﻊﺳاو ءﺎﻋو ﰲ .ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﱰﻓ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﻮﻧﺎﺠﻴﻣرﺎﺒﻟا ﺟو ﺢﻠﳌاو ﻞﻔﻠﻔﻟاو مﻮﺜﻟا ﻂﻠﺧا
.ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻂﻠﺧا .ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا
ﺎﻀﻳأ ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻟا تﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌا ﻂﻠﺧ ﻦﻜ .ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺘﺘﻟ ﺎﻬﻄﻠﺨﺑ راﺮﻤﺘﺳﻻا ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ءﻂﺒﺑ ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻟا تﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌا ﻊﺿ
.شﻘﻟا وأ قرﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺲﻴﻛ ﻞﺧاد
ﻲﻔﻳﺮﻟا رﺎﺸﻔﻟا
رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏ 120
ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا نﻮﺘﻳﺰﻟا ﺖﻳز ﻦﻣ ﻖﻟﺎﻌﻣ 3
ﻲﻤﺴﻠﺒﻟا ﻞﺨﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ 1,5
ﺢﻠﳌا ﻦﻣ ةﻐﺻ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ 1
ﻒﻔﺠﳌا ﻞﺼﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ 1
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻢﺴﻗ ﱃإ عﻮﺟﺮﻟاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ّﴬﺣ
ﻞﺧاد ﻲﻤﺴﻠﺒﻟا ﻞﺨﻟا ﻊﻣ نﻮﺘﻳﺰﻟا ﺖﻳز ﻂﻠﺧا .ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﱰﻓ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﺢﻠﳌﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﻠﺧاو ﻢﻋﺎﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻒﻔﺠﳌا ﻞﺼﺒﻟا مﺮﻓا
.ﻦﺤﺻ
ﻦﻣ ﻂﻠﺨﻟﺎﺑ راﺮﻤﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻟا تﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌا ءﻂﺒﺑ ﻒﺿأ ﻢﺛ ،اﺪﻴﺟ ﻂﻠﺧاو ﺔﺼﻠﺼﻟا هﺬﻬﺑ رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﻞﻠﺑ ،ﻊﺳاو ءﺎﻋو ﻞﺧاد
.شﻘﻟا وأ قرﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺲﻴﻛ ﻞﺧاد ﺎﻀﻳأ ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻟا تﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌا ﻂﻠﺧ ﻦﻜ .ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺘﺗ ﻞﻴﺟأ
ﱰﻋﺰﻟاو مﻮﺜﻟاو ﻢﻃﻄﻟﺎﺑ رﺎﺸﻓ
رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏ 120
ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا نﻮﺘﻳﺰﻟا ﺖﻳز ﻦﻣ ﻖﻟﺎﻌﻣ 3
فﺎﺠﻟا ﱰﻋﺰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ 1
ﺔﻔﻔﺠﳌا ﻢﻃﻄﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ 1
ﺢﻠﳌا ﻦﻣ ةﻐﺻ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ 1
(يرﺎﻴﺘﺧا) رﺎﺤﻟا ﻞﻔﻠﻔﻟا قﻮﺤﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ةﻐﺻ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ 1
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻢﺴﻗ ﱃإ عﻮﺟﺮﻟاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ّﴬﺣ
نﺎﻛ اذإ رﺎﺤﻟا ﻞﻔﻠﻔﻟا ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ مﺪﻋ ﻦﺴﺤﺘﺴﻳ) رﺎﺤﻟا ﻞﻔﻠﻔﻟاو ﺢﻠﳌا ﻊﻣ ﻬﻄﻠﺧا ﻢﺛ ،ﻢﻋﺎﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﱰﻋﺰﻟاو ﻢﻃﻄﻟا مﺮﻓأ
.ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﱰﻓ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .(لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ ﺪﻌﻣ رﺎﺸﻔﻟا
راﺮﻤﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻟا تﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌا ءﻂﺒﺑ ﻒﺿأ ﻢﺛ ،اﺪﻴﺟ ﻂﻠﺧاو ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا نﻮﺘﻳﺰﻟا ﺖﻳﺰﺑ رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﻞﻠﺑ ،ﻊﺳاو ءﺎﻋو ﻞﺧاد
.شﻘﻟا وأ قرﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺲﻴﻛ ﻞﺧاد ﺎﻀﻳأ ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻟا تﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌا ﻂﻠﺧ ﻦﻜ .ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺘﺗ ﻞﻴﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻠﺨﻟﺎﺑ
80
AR
ﻞﻴﻣاﺮﻜﻟﺎﺑ رﺎﺸﻔﻟا
رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏ 120
ﺰﻫﺎﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻣاﺮﻜﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ 2
ةﺪﺑﺰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏ 15
(ﻢﻜﻗوذ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻚﻟذو ،ﺐﺼﻘﻟا ﺮﻜﺳ وأ) ﻢﻋﺎﻨﻟا ﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ 2
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻢﺴﻗ ﱃإ عﻮﺟﺮﻟاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ّﴬﺣ
.ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﱰﻓ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻞﺋﺎﺳ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإو ﻞﻴﻣاﺮﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻄﻠﺧاو ﻒﻳوﺮﻜﻴﳌا نﺮﻓ ﰲ ةﺪﺑﺰﻟا بذأ
ﻞﻴﺒﺘﺗ ﻞﻴﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻠﺨﻟﺎﺑ راﺮﻤﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﻣ ﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﻒﺿأ ﻢﺛ ،اﺪﻴﺟ ﻂﻠﺧاو ﺔﺼﻠﺼﻟا هﺬﻬﺑ رﺎﺸﻔﻟا ﻞﻠﺑ ،ﻊﺳاو ءﺎﻋو ﻞﺧاد
.شﻘﻟا وأ قرﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺲﻴﻛ ﻞﺧاد ﺎﻀﻳأ ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻟا تﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌا ﻂﻠﺧ ﻦﻜ .ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ رﺎﺸﻔﻟا
81
AR