Table of Contents
Ariete 4164 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for 4164 by Ariete which is a product in the Steam Cleaners category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
COD. 5175104100 REV. 1 del 29/02/2016
MOD. 4164
827070
De’ Longhi Appliances Srl
Divisione Commerciale Ariete
Via L. Seitz, 47
31100 Treviso (TV) - Italy
E-Mail: info@ariete.net
Internet: www.ariete.net
Pulitore a vapore per pavimenti
Steam mop
Nettoyeuse à vapeur pour sols
Fußboden-Dampfreiniger
Limpiador de vapor para suelos
Vassoura elétrica a vapor
Stoomreiniger voor vloeren
Καθαριστής ατμού για πατώματα
Паровая швабра
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DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLIANCE
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USING THE ACCESSORIES
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CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE
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38
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WHQPLWEHVRQGHUVQLHGULJHQ7HPSHUDWXUHQVROOPDQGLH6FKHLEHQPLW'DPSIDXI
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PLJWZRUGHQVLQGN|QQHQGLH6LFKHUKHLWEHHLQWUlFKWLJHQXQGIKUHQ]XP9HUIDOO
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Schadensgefahr wegen anderer Ursachen
• 'DV*HUlWQLFKWLQJHVFKORVVHQHQ5lXPHQYHUZHQGHQVRZLHEHL%HVWHKHQYRQ
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39
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40
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41
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EORFNLHUHQ$EE
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VERWENDUNG DES ZUBEHÖRS
Einsatz für die Teppichreinigung
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42
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Die kleineren Zubehörteile kann man nur in einer Richtung auf der Verlängerung montieren.
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43
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REINIGUNG UND WARTUNG
Achtung!
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Achtung!
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Die Reinigung einmal jede drei Monate durchführen. Wenn das Wasser sehr hart und kalk-
haltig ist, die Reinigung jeden Monat ausführen.
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46
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ADVERTENCIAS IMPORTANTES PARA LA SEGURIDAD
LEER ATENTAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES.
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47
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Peligro para los niños
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Advertencia relativa a quemaduras
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49
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50
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52
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Llenado del depósito durante el uso
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La garantía no cubre las averías provocadas por la cal.
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Efectuar la limpieza una vez cada tres meses. Si el agua utilizada es muy dura y calcárea
efectuar la limpieza todos los meses.
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CÓMO SOLUCIONAR ALGUNOS PROBLEMAS
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A PROPÓSITO DESTE MANUAL
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Atenção!
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Acessório para limpeza dos tapetes
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64
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Acessório para tecidos (9)
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LIMPEZA E MANUTENÇÃO
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72
NL
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• BEWAAR DEZE INSTRUCTIES ALTIJD.
BESCHRIJVING VAN HET APPARAAT
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73
NL
GEBRUIKSAANWIJZING
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Let op!
9XOKHWUHVHUYRLU122,7PHWPHHUGDQPO%LMELM]RQGHUNDONKRXGHQGZDWHUPHWHHQ
KRJHUHKDUGKHLGGDQ)JHEUXLNWXHHQPHQJVHOEHVWDDQGHXLWNUDDQZDWHUHQ
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Let op!
9HU]HNHUXHUYDQGDWKHWUHVHUYRLUJRHGJHYXOGLVRPWHYRRUNRPHQGDWKHWGURRJZHUNW
9RRUGDWXKHWDSSDUDDWJHEUXLNWYHU]HNHUWX]LFKHUYDQGDWGHYRRUZHUSHQGHRSSHUYODNNHQ
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KRJHWHPSHUDWXXUYDQGHVWRRP9RRUDORSEHKDQGHOGHFRWWRYORHUHQKRXWHQRSSHUYODNNHQ
GHOLFDWHPDWHULDOHQ]RDOVOHHU]LMGHRIÀXZHHOZRUGWDDQJHUDGHQGHDDQZLM]LQJHQYDQGH
IDEULNDQWWHUDDGSOHJHQHQHHQWHVWWHYHUULFKWHQRSHHQRQ]LFKWEDDUGHHORIRSHHQPRQVWHU
Let op!
:DQQHHUXKHWDSSDUDDWWLMGHQVGHZHUNLQJRSGHYORHUODDWVWDDQNDQHUHHQZLWDFKWLJHNULQJ
RQWVWDDQ6FKULNQLHWRPGDWXKHPPHWHHQQRUPDOHRQWNDONHURIPHWHQNHOHGUXSSHOVD]LMQ
NXQWYHUZLMGHUHQ
6WHHNGHVWHNNHULQHHQJHDDUGVWRSFRQWDFW'UDDLDDQGHNQRSYRRUGHVWRRPUHJHOLQJ(+HW
ODPSMH']DOJDDQEUDQGHQGDWDDQJHHIWGDWKHWDSSDUDDWDDQVWDDWHQGDWGHLQWHUQHNHWHO]LFK
EHJLQWWHYHUZDUPHQ1DHQNHOHVHFRQGHQEHJLQWHUVWRRPXLWGHVWRRPNRSWHNRPHQ'UDDLGH
NQRSYRRUGHVWRRPUHJHOLQJ(DIKDQNHOLMNYDQGHJHZHQVWHKRHYHHOKHLGVWRRPYDQGHODDJVWHWRW
GHKRRJVWHVWDQG)LJ
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QLYHDXDIWHVWHOOHQWHUZLMOKHWZRUGWDDQJHUDGHQRPGHVWRRPDIJLIWHELMRSSHUYODNNHQGLHGLHS
PRHWHQZRUGHQJHUHLQLJG]RDOVPDUPHUFRWWRWHJHOVRIVWHHQRSHHQKRJHUQLYHDXDIWHVWHOOHQ
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VHUYRLUKHHIWXRQJHYHHUPLQXWHQYRRUWGXUHQGVWRRP$OVKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUOHHJLV]DOKHW
DSSDUDDWWULOOHQHQKDUGHUJHOXLGPDNHQ
Let op!
*HEUXLNGHVWRRPNRSQLHW]RQGHUGHGRHN'HVWRRPGRHNNDQELMGHHUNHQGHVHUYLFHFHQWUD
ZRUGHQJHNRFKW
*HEUXLNKHWDSSDUDDWLQJRHGYHUOLFKWHUXLPWHV
Let op!
*HYDDUYRRUEUDQGZRQGHQ+RXGGHVWRRPNRSWLMGHQVKHWJHEUXLNQLHWRQGHUVWHERYHQRP
GHVWRRPGRHNWHYHUZLMGHUHQ
74
NL
7LMGHQVKHWJHEUXLNNDQGHGRHNZRUGHQYHUZLMGHUGRPKHPXLWWHVSRHOHQ'UDDLGHNQRSYRRUGH
VWRRPUHJHOLQJ(RS2))+DDOGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW:DFKWPLQVWHQVPLQXWHQWRWGH
VWRRPNRSHQGHVWRRPGRHNJRHG]LMQDIJHNRHOG
5HVHUYRLUYXOOHQWLMGHQVJHEUXLN
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WDFW9XOKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUPHWPOYHUVZDWHU)LJ*HEUXLNGHELMJHOHYHUGHWUHFKWHU/HQ
PDDWEHNHU.PONRPHQRYHUHHQPHWDQGHUKDOYHPDDWEHNHU6OXLWKHWUHVHUYRLUZHHU
1DKHWJHEUXLN
'UDDLGHNQRSYRRUGHVWRRPUHJHOLQJ(RS2))7UHNGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW*LHWKHW
ZDWHUUHVHUYRLUKHOHPDDOOHHJ]RUJGDWHUJHHQZDWHULQEOLMIWVWDDQKLHUGRRUZRUGWKHWRQWVWDDQYDQ
NDONDDQVODJEHYRUGHUG)LJ
Let op!
:DFKWPLQVWHQVPLQXWHQWRWGHVWRRPNRSHQGHVWRRPGRHNJRHG]LMQDIJHNRHOG
9HUZLMGHUGHVWRRPGRHN.DQWHOKHWDSSDUDDWYRRURYHUWRWKHWEXLJSXQWRSGHVWRRPNRSZRUGW
DIJHVORWHQ8KRRUWHHQNOLNDOVKLMJRHGLVDDQJHEUDFKW)LJ7UHNGHKDDNYRRUGHNDEHORSVODJ
XLWHQGUDDLKHP/)LJ'HKDDN,LVYDVW:LNNHOGHVWURRPNDEHORSGHWZHHKDNHQ)LJ
=HWKHWDSSDUDDWUHFKWRSZHJ
Let op!
2PKHWDSSDUDDWVWHYLJUHFKWRSWHODWHQVWDDQPRHWKHWEXLJSXQWRSGHVWRRPNRS)LJ
ZRUGHQYHUJUHQGHOG
%HUJKHWDSSDUDDWRSHHQGURJHSOHNHQEXLWHQEHUHLNYDQNLQGHUHQRS
DE ACCESSOIRES GEBRUIKEN
Accessoire om tapijten te reinigen
'LWDFFHVVRLUHLVELM]RQGHUKDQGLJRPWDSLMWHQHQGHUJHOLMNH]DFKWHRSSHU-
YODNNHQWHUHLQLJHQ1LHWRSKDUGHRSSHUYODNNHQJHEUXLNHQ
9HU]HNHUXHUYDQGDWGHVWRRPGRHNRQGHUGHVWRRPNRSLVDDQJHEUDFKW
=HWKHWDFFHVVRLUHPHWGHYODNNHNDQWRSGHYORHU6WHHNGHVWRRPNRSLQ
KHWDFFHVVRLUHHQRHIHQKLHUELMHHQOLFKWHGUXNXLW 2PKHWDFFHVVRLUHWH
YHUZLMGHUHQKRHIWXHUPDDUPHWGHYRHWWHJHQWHGUXNNHQ
9HUOHQJVWXNHQGHNOHLQHUHDFFHVVRLUHV
2PGHNOHLQHUHDFFHVVRLUHVWHJHEUXLNHQPRHWHQGHVWRRPNRS$HQGHWHOHVFRRSVWDQJ-ZRU-
GHQYHUZLMGHUG'UXNRSGHNRSSHOLQJYDQGHVWRRPNRS)LJ9HUZLMGHUGHVWRRPNRS'UXNRSGH
GHEORNNHHUNQRSYDQGHKDQGJUHHS+9HUZLMGHUGHWHOHVFRRSVWDQJ
6WHHNKHWYHUOHQJVWXNRSGHNRSSHOLQJYDQGHEHKXL]LQJYDQKHWDSSDUDDW8KRRUWHHQNOLNDOV
KLMJRHGLVJHPRQWHHUG)LJ6WHHNppQYDQGHNOHLQHUHDFFHVVRLUHVDDQGHNDQWYDQGHVWRRP-
RSHQLQJYDQKHWYHUOHQJVWXN)LJHULQ
De kleinere accessoires kunnen maar op één manier op het verlengstuk kunnen worden
aangebracht.
'UDDLKHWDFFHVVRLUHWRWGHSLMORSKHWDFFHVVRLUHLVXLWJHOLMQGPHWGHSLMORSKHWYHUOHQJVWXN)LJ
75
NL
'LWDFFHVVRLUHLVKDQGLJRPDOOHRSSHUYODNNHQZDDURSKHWKDUGQHNNLJ-
VWHYXLOEOLMIW]LWWHQ]RUJYXOGLJWHUHLQLJHQHQLVKDQGLJRPZDVEDNNHQ
JDVIRUQXL]HQPDJQHWURQVDI]XLJNDSSHQHQDOOHPRHLOLMNWHEHUHLNHQ
JHELHGHQVFKRRQWHPDNHQ
'LWDFFHVVRLUHLVKDQGLJRPUHVWHQYXLOHQYHWYDQRSSHUYODNNHQWH
NUDEEHQ
'LWDFFHVVRLUHLVELM]RQGHUKDQGLJRPELMPRHLOLMNHSOHNNHQWHNRPHQ
HQ]HWHGHVLQIHFWHUHQ]RDOVKHWYXLOGDWRSUDGLDWRUHQOX[DÀH[HQ
VDQLWDLUJDDW]LWWHQ+HWZRUGWKLHUPHHRSHHQYRXGLJHZLM]HVQHOYHU-
ZLMGHUG
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JHNRHNWHYXLOWHYHUEURNNHOHQ]RDOVKHWYXLOGDW
RSGHJDVSLWWHQYDQGHNRRNSODDW RQWVWDDW+HW
NDQZRUGHQJHEUXLNWYRRUKHWVFKRRQPDNHQYDQ
VDQLWDLU ZDVEDNNHQ JULOOURRVWHUV GRXFKHV RI
EDGNXLSHQHQYHUZLMGHUWDOOHNDONVSRUHQ
'LWDFFHVVRLUHLVELM]RQGHUKDQGLJRPYRHJHQWHUHLQLJHQHQYXLOYDQ
]RZHOJODGGHDOVUXZHWHJHOVWHYHUZLMGHUHQ
Accessoire voor weefsels (9)
2PKHWDFFHVVRLUHVYRRUZHHIVHOVWHJHEUXLNHQPRHWHQGHVWRRPNRS$HQGHWHOHVFRRSVWDQJ-
ZRUGHQYHUZLMGHUG'UXNRSGHNRSSHOLQJYDQGHVWRRPNRS)LJ9HUZLMGHUGHVWRRPNRS'UXN
RSGHGHEORNNHHUNQRSYDQGHKDQGJUHHS+9HUZLMGHUGHWHOHVFRRSVWDQJ
6WHHNKHWDFFHVVRLUHYRRUZHHIVHOVRSGHNRSSHOLQJYDQGHEHKXL]LQJYDQKHWDSSDUDDW8KRRUW
HHQNOLNDOVKLMJRHGLVJHPRQWHHUG)LJ
'LWDFFHVVRLUHLVELM]RQGHUKDQGLJRPGHNUHXNHOVXLWEDQNHQWDIHONOHGHQ
HQNOHGLQJWHYHUZLMGHUHQ)LJ
76
NL
'LWDFFHVVRLUHLVELM]RQGHUKDQGLJRPUDPHQVSLHJHOVHQGRXFKHFDELQHV
VFKRRQWHPDNHQ
2PGHJODVERUVWHOWHJHEUXLNHQPRHWKHWOLSMHDDQGHRQGHUNDQWYDQKHW
DFFHVVRLUHYRRUZHHIVHOVLQGHKDNHQDDQGHRQGHUNDQWYDQGHJODVERUVWHO
)LJZRUGHQJHVWRNHQ0DDNGHERUVWHODDQKHWDFFHVVRLUHDDQGHDQ-
GHUHNDQWYDVW)LJ
REINIGING EN ONDERHOUD
Let op!
9RRUGDWXKHWDSSDUDDWEHJLQWWHUHLQLJHQKDDOWXDOWLMGGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW/DDW
KHWDSSDUDDWHHQDDQWDOPLQXWHQDINRHOHQ
Let op!
'RPSHOKHWDSSDUDDWQRRLWRQGHULQZDWHURIDQGHUHYORHLVWRIIHQ
Let op!
&RQWUROHHUUHJHOPDWLJRIGHVWURRPNDEHOYDQXZDSSDUDDWLQJRHGHVWDDWYHUNHHUWDOYRUHQV
KHWWHJHEUXLNHQHQEUHQJKHWDOVKHWVQRHUEHVFKDGLJGLVQDDUKHWGLFKWVWELM]LMQGHVHUYLFH-
FHQWUXPRPKHPXLWVOXLWHQGGRRUYDNPHQVHQWHODWHQYHUYDQJHQ
*HEUXLNJHHQVFKXXUPLGGHOHQRPKHWDSSDUDDWWHUHLQLJHQ
'RHJHHQRQWNDONHUVRIJHSDUIXPHHUGHVWRIIHQLQKHWUHVHUYRLUDQGHUVNRPWGHJDUDQWLH
RQPLGGHOOLMNWHYHUYDOOHQ
Reiniging van het apparaat
2PWHYRRUNRPHQGDWHU]LFKNDONDDQVODJYRUPWPRHWKHWUHVHUYRLUZRUGHQOHHJJHJRRLGQDKHW
JHEUXLNQDKHWDSSDUDDWWHKHEEHQXLWJH]HWHQGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFWWHKHEEHQJHWURNNHQ
0DDNDIHQWRHKHWUHVHUYRLUVFKRRQGRRUHUYHUVZDWHULQWHJLHWHQ2PNDONUHVWHQXLWKHWUHVHUYRLU
WHYHUZLMGHUHQYRHJWXHHQOHSHOD]LMQWRH2PVSRHOHQHQOHJHQ6FKDNHOKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWLQ
5HLQLJGHNXQVWVWRIGHOHQPHWHHQYRFKWLJHQLHWVFKXUHQGHODSHQGURRJ]HPHWHHQGURJHODS
2PGHZDVEDUHVWRRPGRHNWHZDVVHQYROJWXGHDDQZLM]LQJHQRSKHWHWLNHW
2QWNDONHQ
Schade veroorzaakt door kalkaanslag valt niet onder de garantie.
*RHGRQGHUKRXGHQHHQUHJHOPDWLJHUHLQLJLQJEHVFKHUPHQKHWDSSDUDDWHQ]RUJHQHUYRRUGDWKHW
ODQJHUJRHGEOLMIWZHUNHQGRRUGDWHUHHQDDQ]LHQOLMNNOHLQHUULVLFRLVGDWHU]LFKNDONDDQVODJYRUPW
$OVKHWDSSDUDDWGHVRQGDQNVQDYHUORRSYDQWLMGPLQGHUJRHGEOLMNWWHZHUNHQGRRUGDWHUYDDNKDUG
HQ]HHUNDONULMNZDWHUZRUGWJHEUXLNWPRHWKHWZRUGHQRQWNDONWRPGHVWRULQJHQWHYHUKHOSHQ
Ontkalk om de drie maanden. Als het gebruikte water erg hard en kalkrijk is, ontkalkt u
iedere maand.
Let op!
/DDWKHWDSSDUDDWQRRLWRQEHZDDNWDFKWHUDOVKHWLQZHUNLQJLV
2QWNDONGHVWRRPUHLQLJHULQHHQJHYHQWLOHHUGHUXLPWH*HHIWLMGHQVKHWRQWNDONHQVWRRPDIRS
HHQVWHYLJRSSHUYODNRIHHQZDVEDUHGRHN$GHPGHVWRRPGLHWLMGHQVKHWRQWNDONHQZRUGW
77
NL
JHSURGXFHHUGQLHWLQ
9XOKHWUHVHUYRLUPHWHHQPHQJVHOEHVWDDQGHXLWZLWWHD]LMQHQYHUVHQVFKRRQZDWHU
6FKHQNKHWPHQJVHOLQKHWUHVHUYRLU
3ODDWVKHWDSSDUDDW]RGDQLJGDWGHVWRRPQLHWRSYRRUZHUSHQRIRSSHUYODNNHQZRUGWDIJHJH-
YHQ
6WHHNGHVWHNNHULQKHWVWRSFRQWDFW'UDDLDDQGHNQRSYRRUGHVWRRPUHJHOLQJ(/DDWKHWDS-
SDUDDWPLQVWHQVHHQPLQXXWZHUNHQ'UDDLGHNQRSYRRUGHVWRRPUHJHOLQJ(RS0,16FKDNHO
KHWDSSDUDDWJHGXUHQGHHHQPLQXXWQLHWLQ+HUKDDOGHKDQGHOLQJWRWX]LHWGDWHUVWRRPXLWKHW
DSSDUDDWNRPW/DDWDOOHVWRRPDIWRWGHRSORVVLQJLQKHWUHVHUYRLUKHOHPDDOYHUEUXLNWLV,QGLHQ
QRGLJKHUKDDOWXGHEHKDQGHOLQJ
7UHNGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW9XOKHWUHVHUYRLUPHWYHUVHQVFKRRQZDWHU2PVSRHOHQHQ
OHJHQ
6 9XOKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUPHWPOYHUVZDWHU)LJ
6WHHNGHVWHNNHULQKHWVWRSFRQWDFW/DDWDOOHVWRRPDIWRWKHWZDWHULQKHWUHVHUYRLUKHOHPDDO
YHUEUXLNWLV+HUKDDOGHKDQGHOLQJLQGLHQQRGLJWRWHUVFKRQHVWRRPXLWKHWDSSDUDDWNRPWXNXQW
FRQWUROHUHQRIKLMVFKRRQLVGRRUHHQGURJHGRHNRYHUGHVWRRPNRSWHKDOHQ
2PGHNDONVSRUHQYDQGHDFFHVVRLUHVWHYHUZLMGHUHQGRPSHOWX]HLQHHQRSORVVLQJYDQZDWHUHQ
D]LMQ0RQWHHUKHWDFFHVVRLUHRSKHWDSSDUDDWHQJHHIVWRRPDI
78
NL
OVERZICHT VAN OPLOSSINGEN VOOR EEN AANTAL PROBLEMEN
Let op!
$OVKHWDSSDUDDWKHWQLHWJRHGGRHWHQELMHOHNWULVFKHVWRULQJHQ]HWXKHWDSSDUDDWPHWHHQXLW
7UHNGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW:DFKWWRWKHWDSSDUDDWDIJHNRHOGLV
3UREOHPHQ 2RU]DNHQ Oplossingen
$DQXLWODPSMHXLW 6WHNNHU]LWQLHWLQKHW
VWRSFRQWDFW &RQWUROHHURIGHVWHNNHUJRHGLQKHWVWRS-
FRQWDFW]LW&RQWUROHHURIHUVWURRPRSGH
YRHGLQJVOHLGLQJVWDDW3UREHHUGHVWHNNHURS
HHQDQGHUVWRSFRQWDFWDDQWHVOXLWHQ
$OVKHWSUREOHHPQLHWRSJHORVWLVUDDGSOHHJWX
HHQHUNHQGVHUYLFHFHQWUXP
(UNRPWJHHQ
VWRRPXLWGH
VWRRPRSHQLQJHQ
6WRRPNQRSRSGHODDJVWH
VWDQG 'UDDLDDQGHVWRRPNQRSYRRUHHQJURWHUH
KRHYHHOKHLGVWRRP
+HWDSSDUDDWLVQLHWNODDU
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ZRUGHQEHUHLG
(U]LWJHHQZDWHULQKHW
UHVHUYRLU +HWDSSDUDDWXLWVFKDNHOHQ9XOKHWUHVHUYRLU
PHWPOYHUVZDWHU)LJ
De stoomopeningen
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9HUZLMGHUGHNDON
$OVKHWSUREOHHPQLHWRSJHORVWLVUDDGSOHHJW
XHHQHUNHQGVHUYLFHFHQWUXP
'HSRPSPDDNWLQ-
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UHVHUYRLU +HWDSSDUDDWXLWVFKDNHOHQ9XOKHWUHVHUYRLU
PHWPOYHUVZDWHU)LJ
(UNRPWZDWHU
XLWGHVWRRPRSH-
QLQJHQ
0RJHOLMNHFRQGHQVUHVWHQ
LQGHVWRRPOHLGLQJ 'UDDLDDQGHVWRRPNQRSWRWGDWXVWRRPQDDU
EXLWHQ]LHWNRPHQ%UHQJHHQ]DFKWHGRHN
DDQRPGHYORHUQLHWQDWWHPDNHQ$OVKHW
ZDWHUQDDUEXLWHQEOLMIWNRPHQVFKDNHOWX
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WRWGHVWRRPNRSHQGHVWRRPGRHNJRHG]LMQ
DIJHNRHOG3UREHHUKHWQRJPDDOV
$OVKHWSUREOHHPQLHWRSJHORVWLVUDDGSOHHJW
XHHQHUNHQGVHUYLFHFHQWUXP
79
NL
ƴƸƧƵƫƬƣƮƧƵƱƲƣƳƱƯƧƥƸƧƫƳƫƦƫƱ
ȂȠȜȠȞȩIJȚȠȚıȣıțİȣȑȢțĮIJĮıțİȣȐıIJȘțĮȞıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮijȑȢIJȦȞțİȓȝİȞȦȞİȣȡȦʌĮȧ-
țȫȞįȚĮIJȐȟİȦȞțĮȚțĮIJȐıȣȞȑʌİȚĮİȓȞĮȚʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣȝȑȞİȢıİȩȜĮIJĮįȣȞȘIJȚțȐİʌȚțȓȞįȣȞĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮ-
IJĮįȚĮȕȐıIJİʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐIJȚȢʌȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢțĮȚȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȠ-
ȞȐȤĮȖȚĮIJȠıțȠʌȩʌȠȣʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮțĮȚȗȘȝȚȑȢĭȣȜȐȟIJİʌȡȩȤİȚȡȠ
IJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠĮȣIJȩȖȚĮȞĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮIJȠıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȪİıIJİıIJȠȝȑȜȜȠȞǹȞʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮįȫıİIJİIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒıİțȐʌȠȚȠȐȜȜȠȐIJȠȝȠșȣȝȘșİȓIJİȞĮIJȠȣʌĮȡĮįȫıİIJİȝĮȗȓțĮȚIJȠʌĮȡȩȞİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ
ȅȚʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢijȑȡȠȣȞIJĮʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıȪȝȕȠȜĮʌȠȣıȘȝĮȓȞȠȣȞ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȖȚĮIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐ
ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȓȘıȘȖȚĮİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
ȆȡȠıȠȤȒ±ȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȗȘȝȚȐȢĮʌȩįȚȐijȠȡİȢȐȜȜİȢĮȚIJȓİȢ
ƲƳƱƤƭƧƲƱƮƧƯƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȞĮʌȜȪȞİIJİțĮȚȞĮĮʌȠȜȣȝȐȞİIJİIJĮįȐʌİįĮĮʌȩ
ȝȐȡȝĮȡȠțİȡĮȝȚțȩʌȑIJȡĮʌȜĮțȐțȚĮʌĮȡțȑțĮȚıțȜȘȡȩȟȪȜȠȝİ İʌȚijĮȞİȚĮțȒțĮIJİȡȖĮıȓĮțĮȚ
ĮįȚĮȕȡȠȤȠʌȠȓȘıȘȂİIJȠʌĮȞȓĮʌȠȡȡȠijȐIJĮȚȘʌİȡȓııİȚĮȣȖȡĮıȓĮȢǾıȣıțİȣȒȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJȘȞ
İȞİȡȖȒįȪȞĮȝȘIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪȤȦȡȓȢĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȐțĮȚıĮʌȠȪȞȚĮ
ȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠȞțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠʌȠȣıȣȞİʌȫȢĮʌĮȜ-
ȜȐııİIJĮȚĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȗȘȝȚȑȢțȐșİijȪıȘȢʌȠȣȠijİȓȜȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒ-
ıȘIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢǾĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘȑȤİȚıĮȞıȣȞȑʌİȚĮIJȘȞĮțȪȡȦıȘȠʌȠȚĮıįȒʌȠIJİȝȠȡijȒȢ
İȖȖȪȘıȘȢ
ƶƲƱƭƧƫƮƮƣƵƫƬƱƫƬƫƯƦƶƯƱƫ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞİʌȚțȐȜȣȥȘțİȡȚȠȪǾșİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮ
țĮȚȠĮIJȝȩȢșĮĮijĮȚȡȑıȠȣȞIJȠțİȡȓȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȟȪȜȚȞĮįȐʌİįĮʌȠȣ
įİȞȑȤȠȣȞȣʌȠıIJİȓİʌİȟİȡȖĮıȓĮȒįİȞİȓȞĮȚĮįȚȐȕȡȠȤĮȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȘIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ʌȐȞȦıİȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİȟȪȜȚȞȘİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮȖȚĮʌĮȡĮIJİIJĮȝȑȞȠįȚȐıIJȘȝĮȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮijȠȣıțȫ-
ıİȚIJȠȟȪȜȠ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮįȠțȚȝȐıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȫIJĮıİȝȚĮțȡȣijȒȖȦȞȚȐIJȠȣįĮʌȑįȠȣʌȠȣʌȡȩ-
țİȚIJĮȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİǼȞĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİ ȞĮ ȗȘIJȒıİIJİʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢĮʌȩIJȠȞțĮIJĮ-
ıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠIJȠȣįĮʌȑįȠȣȩıȠȞĮijȠȡȐıIJȠȞIJȡȩʌȠțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪIJȠȣ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȣijȐıȝĮIJĮİȣĮȓıșȘIJĮȒıȣȞșİIJȚțȐȒıİįİȡȝȐIJȚȞĮȡȠȪȤĮ
ƴƩƮƣƯƵƫƬƧƴƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƫƴ
ǼȀǺǻǺȉȊǽȇȈȆȉǽȁȊȀȁǺȊȀȉȇǺȈǺȁǺȊȎȆǼǿĬȀǽȉ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȖȚĮȠȚțȚĮțȒȤȡȒıȘțĮȚįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘ-
ıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚȖȚĮİȝʌȠȡȚțȠȪȢȒȕȚȠȝȘȤĮȞȚțȠȪȢıțȠʌȠȪȢ
80
EL
ǻİȞĮȞĮȜĮȝȕȐȞȠȣȝİțĮȝȓĮİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȜĮȞșĮıȝȑȞȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȒȖȚĮ
țȐʌȠȚĮȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘʌȠȣįİȞĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮijȣȜȐııİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢIJȠȣİȡȖȠıIJĮıȓȠȣįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣ
ȩIJȚįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚįȦȡİȐȞIJİȤȞȚțȒȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȖȚĮIJȚȢȗȘȝȚȑȢʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘ-
țĮȞĮʌȩĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒĮʌȩȑȞĮ
İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
ǾȤȡȒıȘİȟĮȡIJȘȝȐIJȦȞʌȠȣįİȞıȣȞȚıIJȐȒįİȞȑȤİȚʌȡȠȝȘșİȪıİȚȠțĮIJĮıțİȣĮ-
ıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİȞȑȤİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠʌȣȡțĮȖȚȐȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓ-
ĮȢȒIJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ
ǾȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJĮȚıİȐIJȠȝĮȝİİȚįȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȒıİȐIJȠȝĮ
ʌȠȣįİȞȑȤȠȣȞIJȘȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘʌİȓȡĮȝȠȞȐȤĮİijȩıȠȞİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮ
ȣʌİȪșȣȞȠȐIJȠȝȠȒ İijȩıȠȞȑȤȠȣȞ ȜȐȕİȚțĮȚțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢ
țȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓDŽNJǂǕǂǍNJNjǒƽǑǂNJDžNJƽ
ǹȣIJȒȘıȣıțİȣȒȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐȘȜȚțȓĮȢİIJȫȞțĮȚʌȐȞȦ
İijȩıȠȞİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚȒĮȞIJȠȣȢȑȤȠȣȞįȠșİȓȠȚȠįȘȖȓİȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮʌĮȡĮȓIJȘIJİȢ
ȖȚĮIJȘȞĮıijĮȜȒȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢțĮȚțĮIJĮȞȠȠȪȞIJȠȣȢıȤİIJȚțȠȪȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢ
IJĮʌĮȚįȚȐįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİıİʌĮȚįȚȐȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮĮʌȩȤȡȠȞȫȞȞĮʌȜȘıȚȐȗȠȣȞIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
țĮȚIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮȡȝȠįȚȩIJȘIJĮ
IJȠȣȤȡȒıIJȘįİȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌȠȞIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞİʌȓȕȜİȥȘ
İȞȩȢİȞȒȜȚțĮ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȑIJıȚȫıIJİIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮȝȘȞijIJȐȞȠȣȞȞĮĮȖȖȓ-
ȟȠȣȞIJĮțĮȣIJȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȖțĮIJĮȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘįȚȐșİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚ-
įȚȫȞįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ȆȡȠıȑȟIJİIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮȝȘȡȓȟȠȣȞțȐIJȦIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȚȐȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚ-
țȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJİȪıİIJİțȩȕȠ-
ȞIJĮȢIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣȞĮIJĮ
ȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȖȚĮ
ȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƲǒǐdžNJDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjDŽNJǂdžDŽNjǂǞǍǂǕǂ
ȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJĮȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢIJȠȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩȒIJȠȞĮIJȝȩȩIJĮȞ
İȓȞĮȚĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȘȒȜȓȖȠȝİIJȐIJȠıȕȒıȚȝȠȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȐșİIJİİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ȂȘȞțĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJİIJȘȡȠȒIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪʌȐȞȦıIJȠıȫȝĮıĮȢıİțĮIJȠȚ-
țȓįȚĮȗȫĮijȣIJȐȒİȣĮȓıșȘIJĮĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȠʌȐIJȦȝĮȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȘȒĮȝȑ-
ıȦȢȝİIJȐIJȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢ
81
EL
• ȂȘȞțĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȘȡȠȒIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪʌȐȞȦıİıȣıțİȣȑȢʌȠȣ
ȑȤȠȣȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮȖȚĮʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮȝȑıĮıIJȠȣȢijȠȪȡ-
ȞȠȣȢ
ȆȡȚȞĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȠʌĮȞȓĮʌȩIJȘȞțİijĮȜȒIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪĮʌȠıȣȞįȑıIJİIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩ
țĮȜȫįȚȠĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȜİʌIJȐʌȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣȞĮțȡȣȫ-
ıȠȣȞțĮȜȐIJȠʌĮȞȓțĮȚȘțİijĮȜȒĮIJȝȠȪ
ȂȘȞʌĮIJȐIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪʌȡȠIJȠȪIJȠȞİȡȩıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȞĮȑȤİȚIJȘ
ȕȑȜIJȚıIJȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮțȓȞįȣȞȠȢİțȡȠȒȢȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩIJȠĮțȡȠijȪıȚȠ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİȒIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİIJİİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȒʌȡȚȞIJȘȞțĮșĮ-
ȡȓıİIJİıȕȒıIJİIJȘȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮțĮȚʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȆȡȚȞȕȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘʌȠȣĮȞĮ-
ijȑȡİIJĮȚ ıIJȘȞ ʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ IJİȤȞȚțȫȞ ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȫȞ IJȘȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢ ĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓ
ıIJȘȞIJȐıȘIJȠȣįȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢ
ǾȤȡȒıȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȫȞȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗȦȞȝȘİȟȠȣįȚȠIJȘȝȑȞȦȞĮʌȩIJȠİȡȖȠıIJȐıȚȠȝʌȠ-
ȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚȗȘȝȚȑȢȒĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠȜȪʌȡȚȗĮțĮȚȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗİȢʌȠȣįİȞȑȤȠȣȞİʌĮȡțȒĮȞIJȠȤȒ
ıIJȠijȠȡIJȓȠIJȠȣȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢ
ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȐȞIJĮȝȚĮȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘʌȡȓȗĮ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝİȕȡİȖȝȑȞĮȤȑȡȚĮȒȟȣʌȩȜȘIJȠȚ
• ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚțȐʌȠȚĮĮȞȦȝĮȜȓĮȒȣʌȐȡȤİȚ
ȗȘȝȚȐȒijșȠȡȐıIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠȒIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣǵȜİȢȠȚİʌȚıțİȣȑȢțĮȚȘ
ĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐ
ĮʌȩİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮțȑȞIJȡĮIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒĮʌȩIJİȤȞȚțȠȪȢ
IJȘȢ$ULHWHȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ȂȘȞıȣȞįȑİIJİıIJȘȞȓįȚĮʌȡȓȗĮțĮȝȓĮȐȜȜȘıȣıțİȣȒȣȥȘȜȒȢȚıȤȪȠȢıȩȝʌİȢ
ıȓįİȡĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐțĮȜȠȡȚijȑȡțȜʌȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢȣʌİȡijȩȡIJȦıȘȢ
ȂȘȞĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠıIJȚȢȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȂȘȞIJȡĮȕȐIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȖȚĮȞĮIJȠȕȖȐȜİIJİĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȉȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȡȓȕİIJĮȚıİĮȚȤȝȘȡȑȢȖȦȞȚȑȢȒȐȜȜĮĮȚȤȝȘ-
ȡȐĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮ
ȆȡȠıȑȟIJİIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠȞĮȝȘȞȑȡȤİIJĮȚıİİʌĮijȒȝİȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ȂȘȝİIJĮțȚȞİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȡĮȕȫȞIJĮȢIJȘȞĮʌȩIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮıİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘțĮIJĮȚȖȓįĮȢ
ȂȘȞIJȣȜȓȖİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠȖȪȡȦĮʌȩIJȠȤȑȡȚıĮȢȩIJĮȞIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣ
İȓȞĮȚıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJĮĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮȠȚİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢțĮȚIJĮȣijȐıȝĮIJĮıIJĮȠʌȠȓĮʌȡȩ-
țİȚIJĮȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚĮȞșİțIJȚțȐȒıȣȝȕĮIJȐȝİIJȘȞȣȥȘȜȒ
82
EL
șİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪǿįȚĮȓIJİȡĮıİįȐʌİįĮĮʌȩİʌİȟİȡȖĮıȝȑȞȠțȩIJIJȠȟȪȜȚ-
ȞİȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢİȣĮȓıșȘIJĮȣijȐıȝĮIJĮȩʌȦȢįİȡȝȐIJȚȞĮȝİIJĮȟȦIJȐȒȕİȜȠȪįȚȞĮ
ıȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȣșİȓIJİIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢIJȠȣİȡȖȠıIJĮıȓȠȣțĮȚȞĮțȐȞİIJİȝȚĮ
įȠțȚȝȒıIJȘȞĮȞȐʌȠįȘIJȠȣȣijȐıȝĮIJȠȢȒıİȑȞĮįİȓȖȝĮIJȠȣįĮʌȑįȠȣ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȖȚĮIJĮIJȗȐȝȚĮĮȞİȓȞĮȚțȡȪĮȘİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮʌȠȣ
șȑȜİIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİǾįȚĮijȠȡȐșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢșĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚIJȘșȡĮȪıȘIJȦȞ
IJȗĮȝȚȫȞȀĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣȤİȚȝȫȞĮĮȞİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪȤĮȝȘȜȑȢȠȚİȟȦIJİȡȚțȑȢ
șİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓİȢʌȡȠșİȡȝȐȞİIJİIJĮIJȗȐȝȚĮİțIJȠȟİȪȠȞIJĮȢĮIJȝȩıİȩȜȘIJȠȣȢIJȘȞİʌȚ-
ijȐȞİȚĮĮʌȩĮʌȩıIJĮıȘʌİȡȓʌȠȣİț
ȉȘȞʌȡȫIJȘijȠȡȐʌȠȣșĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȒȝİIJȐĮʌȩȝĮțȡȠȤȡȩȞȚĮ
ʌİȡȓȠįȠĮįȡȐȞİȚĮȢțĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJİIJȠȞĮIJȝȩıİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİIJİ
IJȠʌĮȡĮʌĮȞȓıȚȠȞİȡȩ
• ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘȞțİijĮȜȒĮIJȝȠȪıİȖȣȐȜȚȞİȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
• ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝİijșĮȡȝȑȞȠʌĮȞȓȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȗȘȝȚȐȢțĮȚȤȐȡĮȟȘȢ
ıIJȠįȐʌİįȠ
ȃĮȟİIJȣȜȓȖİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠʌȡȚȞĮʌȩIJȘȤȡȒıȘ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȩIJĮȞįİȞȑȤİȚȞİȡȩȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȐșİȚȗȘȝȚȐȘ
ĮȞIJȜȓĮȃĮİȜȑȖȤİIJİIJĮțIJȚțȐIJȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮİȡȚȠȪȤȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚįȚȠȟİȓįȚȠIJȠȣȐȞșȡĮțĮǹȞ
IJȠȞİȡȩIJȠȣįȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢʌİȡȚȑȤİȚʌȠȜȜȐȐȜĮIJĮȝİıțȜȘȡȩIJȘIJĮ
ȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘĮʌȩ)ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȑȞĮȝȓȖȝĮȞİȡȠȪIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢțĮȚ
ĮʌȚȠȞȚıȝȑȞȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓ
ĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıİȚțĮȚİijȩıȠȞȑȤİIJİȕȖȐȜİȚIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȂȘ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑįȚĮȜȪIJİȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞȠȣȞȗȘȝȚȐıIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐ
ȂȘȡȓȤȞİIJİıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠĮijĮȜĮIJȚțȐȒȐȜȜİȢĮȡȦȝĮIJȚțȑȢȠȣıȓİȢįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐșĮ
ʌĮȪıİȚȞĮȚıȤȪİȚȐȝİıĮȘİȖȖȪȘıȘ
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞijȣȜȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣ-
ıțİȣȒȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȪıIJİȡĮĮįİȚȐıIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠįȠ-
ȤİȓȠ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıIJȠȣȢĮIJȝȠıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢȕȡȠ-
ȤȒȒȜȚȠțȜʌ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȣʌĮȓșȡȚȠȤȫȡȠ
ȅȚIJȣȤȩȞIJȡȠʌȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȢĮȣIJȠȪIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢʌȠȣįİȞİȓȞĮȚİȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞİȢĮʌȩ
IJȠȞțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠȑȤȠȣȞıĮȞİʌĮțȩȜȠȣșȠIJȘȞʌĮȪıȘȚıȤȪȠȢIJȘȢİȖȖȪȘ-
ıȘȢțĮȚIJȘȞĮıijȐȜİȚĮIJȘȢȓįȚĮȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȂȘȞ ĮʌȠıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖİȓIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ǻİȞ ȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞ İıȦIJİȡȚțȐ İȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ʌȠȣȤȡİȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLJLjǍNJƽǓǂǑǝDžNJƽǗǐǒdžǓƽnjnjdžǓǂNJǕǀdžǓ
• ȂȘ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ıİ țȜİȚıIJȠȪȢ ȤȫȡȠȣȢ ȝİ ĮȞĮșȣȝȚȐıİȚȢ Įʌȩ
ȜĮįȠȝʌȠȖȚȑȢȒįȚĮȜȪIJİȢȒĮįȚĮȕȡȠȤȠʌȠȚȘIJȚțȐȣȜȚțȐİȪijȜİțIJİȢıțȩȞİȢȒȐȜȜĮ
83
EL
IJȠȟȚțȐȒİțȡȘțIJȚțȐĮȑȡȚĮ
ȃĮʌȡȠıȑȤİIJİʌȠȜȪȩIJĮȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞİȕĮıȝȑȞȠȚıİȝȚĮıțȐ-
ȜĮ
ȆȡȚȞĮȞȐȥİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢ
IJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝİȞİȡȩ
ȃĮĮȞȐȕİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȩȞȠȞȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚıIJȘıȦıIJȒșȑıȘ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȩIJĮȞĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİıIJİĮʌȩIJȠȤȫȡȠʌȠȣ
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ
• ǹȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȣȞșİȓIJİȑıIJȦțĮȚȖȚĮȜȓȖȘȫȡĮȞĮıȕȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
țĮȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ĭȣȜȐȟIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮįȡȠıİȡȩȤȫȡȠȤȦȡȓȢȣȖȡĮıȓĮ
•ƷƶƭƣưƵƧƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƣƶƵƧƴ
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
$ȀİijĮȜȒĮIJȝȠȪ 3ȀĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢijȚȢ
%ǻȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ 4ǹțȡȠijȪıȚȠİțȡȠȒȢIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ
&ȉȐʌĮįȠȤİȓȠȣ 5ȈțȡĮIJȢıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȠȣʌĮȞȚȠȪ
'ǼȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȑIJȠȚȝȠȢĮIJȝȩȢ
(ȀȠȣȝʌȓȡȪșȝȚıȘȢĮIJȝȠȪ ȆȜİȞȩȝİȞĮʌĮȞȚȐ
)ȈȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ ǼȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȖȚĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȤĮȜȚȫȞ
*ȋİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ ȆȡȠȑțIJĮıȘȡȐȝijȠȢ
+ȀȠȣȝʌȓĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȘȢȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒȢ ĭIJȣĮȡȐțȚ
, īȐȞIJȗȠȢʌİȡȚIJȪȜȚȟȘȢțĮȜȦįȓȠȣ ȇȐȝijȠȢțİțȜȚȝȑȞȠțĮIJȐ
- ȉȘȜİıțȠʌȚțȩțȠȞIJȐȡȚ ȂȚțȡȒıIJȡȠȖȖȣȜȒȕȠȪȡIJıĮ
.īȐȞIJȗȠȢȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȘȜİıțȠʌȚțȠȪıȦȜȒȞĮ ȂİȖȐȜȘıIJȡȠȖȖȣȜȒȕȠȪȡIJıĮ
/ īȐȞIJȗȠȢʌİȡȚIJȪȜȚȟȘȢțĮȜȦįȓȠȣ ǺȠȪȡIJıĮȖȚĮĮȡȝȠȪȢ
0ȋİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ ǼȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȖȚĮȣijȐıȝĮIJĮ
1ȂİȗȠȪȡĮ ǼȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȖȚĮIJĮIJȗȐȝȚĮ
2ȋȦȞȓ 11 - ȆĮȞȓȖȚĮȣijȐıȝĮIJĮ
ƴǕǐNJǘdžǀǂǂǎǂDŽǎǟǒNJǔLjǓ
ȈIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮʌȠȣȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘȑįȡĮıȘȢIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚIJĮʌĮȡĮ-
țȐIJȦıIJȠȚȤİȓĮĮȞĮȖȞȫȡȚıȘȢ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢțĮȚıȒȝĮȞıȘ&(ǼȅȀ
ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠȂȠG
ĮȡıİȚȡȐȢ61
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘȢ9țĮȚıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ+]
țĮIJĮȞĮȜȚıțȩȝİȞȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȚıȤȪȢ:
ʌȡȐıȚȞȠIJȘȜȑijȦȞȠįȦȡİȐȞțȜȒıȘIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘ
ǵIJĮȞĮʌİȣșȪȞİıIJİıIJĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȞĮĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠȝȠȞIJȑȜȠ
țĮȚIJȠȞĮȡȚșȝȩıİȚȡȐȢIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢ
84
EL
ƴƶƯƣƳƮƱƭƱƥƩƴƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȈȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖȒıIJİIJȘȞțİijĮȜȒĮIJȝȠȪǼȚțȝİIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ)ĬĮțĮIJĮȜȐȕİIJİȩIJȚȑȤİȚ
țȠȣȝʌȫıİȚĮʌȩIJȠȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȩ³țȜȚț´ǼȚț
ȈȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖȒıIJİIJȠȞIJȘȜİıțȠʌȚțȩıȦȜȒȞĮ-ıIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢǼȚțǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠȖȐȞIJȗȠ
ȡȪșȝȚıȘȢ.țĮȚİʌȚȝȘțȪȞİIJİIJȠȞIJȘȜİıțȠʌȚțȩıȦȜȒȞĮıIJȠİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȩȪȥȠȢǼȚțȅIJȘȜİıțȠ-
ʌȚțȩȢıȦȜȒȞĮȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȘșİȓıIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ)ȝȩȞȠȝİIJȠȑȞĮȐțȡȠIJȠȣĬĮ
țĮIJĮȜȐȕİIJİȩIJȚȑȤİȚțȠȣȝʌȫıİȚĮʌȩIJȠȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȩ³țȜȚț´ǼȚț
ƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƸƳƩƴƩƴ
ȄİIJȣȜȓȟIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞIJȐʌĮIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ&īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİPOȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩIJȘȕȡȪıȘǼȚț
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȠȤȦȞȓ/țĮȚIJȘȝİȗȠȪȡĮ.ʌȠȣșĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȉĮ
POĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤȠȪȞıİȝȚȐȝȚıȘȝİȗȠȪȡĮȄĮȞĮțȜİȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȖİȝȓȗİIJİȆȅȉǼIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡĮĮʌȩPOȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚ-
İȓIJİȞİȡȩȝİȝİȖȐȜȘʌİȡȚİțIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮĮȜȐIJȦȞıțȜȘȡȩIJȘIJĮȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘĮʌȩIȞĮȤȡȘıȚ-
ȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȑȞĮȝȓȖȝĮȞİȡȠȪIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢțĮȚĮʌȠıIJĮȖȝȑȞȠȣȞİȡȠȪȝİĮȞĮȜȠȖȓĮĮʌȩIJȠ
țĮșȑȞĮ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠʌĮȞȓțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȞțİijĮȜȒIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪǼȚțǹțȠȣȝʌȒıIJİIJȠʌĮȞȓıIJĮıțȡĮIJȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJȠįȠȤİȓȠİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐȖİȝȚıȝȑȞȠȝİȞİȡȩȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȠİȞįİȤȩ-
ȝİȞȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJĮĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮȠȚİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢțĮȚIJĮȣijȐıȝĮIJĮıIJĮȠʌȠȓĮʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚĮȞșİțIJȚțȐȒıȣȝȕĮIJȐȝİIJȘȞȣȥȘȜȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮIJȠȣ
ĮIJȝȠȪǿįȚĮȓIJİȡĮıİįȐʌİįĮĮʌȩİʌİȟİȡȖĮıȝȑȞȠțȩIJIJȠȟȪȜȚȞİȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢİȣĮȓıșȘIJĮȣijȐ-
ıȝĮIJĮȩʌȦȢįİȡȝȐIJȚȞĮȝİIJĮȟȦIJȐȒȕİȜȠȪįȚȞĮıȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȣșİȓIJİIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢ
IJȠȣİȡȖȠıIJĮıȓȠȣțĮȚȞĮțȐȞİIJİȝȚĮįȠțȚȝȒıIJȘȞĮȞȐʌȠįȘIJȠȣȣijȐıȝĮIJȠȢȒıİȑȞĮįİȓȖȝĮ
IJȠȣįĮʌȑįȠȣ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǹȞĮijȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȓĮșȑıȘıIJȠįȐʌİįȠİȞȫİȓȞĮȚıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȡĮ-
IJȘȡȒıİIJİIJȘįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮİȞȩȢȐıʌȡȠȣȜİțȑȂȘȞĮȞȘıȣȤİȓIJİȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİȝİ
ȑȞĮıȣȞȘșȚıȝȑȞȠʌȡȠȧȩȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞȒȝİȜȓȖİȢıIJĮȖȩȞİȢȟȪįȚ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮʌȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȡȪșȝȚıȘȢ
ĮIJȝȠȪ(ȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ'șĮĮȞȐȥİȚȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȘȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩȢ
ȜȑȕȘIJĮȢĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮȗİıIJĮȓȞİIJĮȚǶıIJİȡĮĮʌȩȜȓȖĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮșĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚĮIJȝȩȢĮʌȩ
IJȘȞțİijĮȜȒĮIJȝȠȪīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȡȪșȝȚıȘȢĮIJȝȠȪ(ĮʌȩIJȘȞİȜȐȤȚıIJȘȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘ
IJȚȝȒĮȞȐȜȠȖĮȝİIJȘȞİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮĮIJȝȠȪǼȚț
ȆȡȑʌİȚʌȡȫIJĮȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİIJİIJȘıțȩȞȘĮʌȩIJȠįȐʌİįȠȆİȡȐıIJİIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒıIJȠįȐʌİįȠ
īȚĮʌȚȠİȣĮȓıșȘIJĮįȐʌİįĮȩʌȦȢʌĮȡțȑȟȪȜȠȒȜĮȝȚȞȐIJȠıȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞİțIJȩȟİȣıȘ
IJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪıİȤĮȝȘȜȩIJİȡȘIJȚȝȒİȞȫȖȚĮIJȚȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢʌȠȣȤȡİȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩıİȕȐșȠȢȩʌȦȢ
ȝȐȡȝĮȡȠțȩIJIJȠʌȜĮțȐțȚĮȒ ʌȑIJȡĮ ıȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚ ȞĮ ȡȣșȝȓıİIJİ IJȘȞ İțIJȩȟİȣıȘ IJȠȣ ĮIJȝȠȪıİȝȚĮ
85
EL
ȣȥȘȜȩIJİȡȘIJȚȝȒ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒʌĮȡȐȖİȚ ıȣȞȑȤİȚĮĮIJȝȩȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİȟĮȞIJȜȘșİȓIJȠȞİȡȩ ıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠDzȞĮȖȑȝȚıȝĮIJȠȣ
įȠȤİȓȠȣĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓıİʌİȡȓʌȠȣȜİʌIJȐıȣȞİȤȠȪȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪǹȞIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȓȞİȚȤȦȡȓȢ
ȞİȡȩșĮĮȚıșĮȞșİȓIJİȑȞĮȞțȡĮįĮıȝȩțĮȚșĮĮțȠȣıIJİȓȑȞĮȢįȣȞĮIJȩȢșȩȡȣȕȠȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘȞțİijĮȜȒĮIJȝȠȪȤȦȡȓȢIJȠʌĮȞȓȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮʌȡȠȝȘșİȣIJİȓIJİIJȠʌĮȞȓ
ĮʌȩIJĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȤȫȡȠȣȢȝİțĮȜȩijȦIJȚıȝȩ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢǼȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȂȘȞĮȞĮʌȠįȠȖȣȡȓȗİIJİIJȘȞțİijĮȜȒIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪțĮIJȐIJȘȤȡȒıȘȖȚĮȞĮ
ĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȠʌĮȞȓ
ǵIJĮȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȠʌĮȞȓȖȚĮȞĮIJȠȟİʌȜȪȞİIJİīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠ
įȚĮțȩʌIJȘȡȪșȝȚıȘȢĮIJȝȠȪ(ıIJȠ2))ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞ
ȜİʌIJȐʌȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣȞĮțȡȣȫıȠȣȞțĮȜȐIJȠʌĮȞȓțĮȚȘțİijĮȜȒĮIJȝȠȪ
ƥƾǍNJǔǍǂǕǐǖDžǐǘdžǀǐǖNjǂǕƽǕLjǎǘǒƿǔLj
ǻİȞĮʌĮȚIJİȓIJĮȚțĮȝȓĮȚįȚĮȓIJİȡȘİȡȖĮıȓĮȩIJĮȞİȟĮȞIJȜȘșİȓIJȠȞİȡȩıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞ
ʌȡȓȗĮīİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİPOȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩIJȘȕȡȪıȘǼȚțȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȠȤȦȞȓ/țĮȚ
IJȘȝİȗȠȪȡĮ.ʌȠȣșĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȉĮPOĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤȠȪȞıİȝȚȐȝȚıȘ
ȝİȗȠȪȡĮȄĮȞĮțȜİȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ƮdžǕƽǕLjǘǒƿǔLj
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȡȪșȝȚıȘȢĮIJȝȠȪ(ıIJȠ2))ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹįİȚȐıIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢ
IJȠįȠȤİȓȠȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȠıȤȘȝĮIJȚıȝȩĮȜȐIJȦȞĮʌȩIJȠıIJȐıȚȝȠȞİȡȩǼȚț
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȜİʌIJȐʌȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣȞĮțȡȣȫıȠȣȞțĮȜȐIJȠʌĮȞȓ țĮȚ Ș țİijĮȜȒ
ĮIJȝȠȪ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠʌĮȞȓīİȓȡİIJİʌȡȠȢIJĮİȝʌȡȩȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȑȤȡȚȞĮțȜİȓıİȚȠĮȡșȡȦIJȩȢıȪȞįİıȝȠȢ
ıIJȘȞțİijĮȜȒĮIJȝȠȪĬĮțĮIJĮȜȐȕİIJİȩIJȚȑȤİȚțȠȣȝʌȫıİȚĮʌȩIJȠȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȩ³țȜȚț´ǼȚț
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİțĮȚʌİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠȖȐȞIJȗȠʌİȡȚIJȪȜȚȟȘȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣ/ǼȚțȅȖȐȞIJȗȠȢ,İȓȞĮȚ
ıIJĮșİȡȩȢȉȣȜȓȟIJİIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠıIJȠȣȢįȪȠȖȐȞIJȗȠȣȢǼȚțĭȣȜȐȟIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȩȡșȚĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȆȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮİȓȞĮȚ İȣıIJĮșȒȢıIJȘȞȩȡșȚĮșȑıȘʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮıijĮȜȓıİIJİ IJȠȞ
ĮȡșȡȦIJȩıȪȞįİıȝȠıIJȘȞțİijĮȜȒĮIJȝȠȪǼȚț
ĭȣȜȐȟIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮȤȫȡȠȤȦȡȓȢȣȖȡĮıȓĮțĮȚȤȦȡȓȢʌȡȠıʌȑȜĮıȘıIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐ
86
EL
ƸƳƩƴƩƵƺƯƤƱƩƪƩƵƫƬƺƯƧưƣƳƵƩƮƣƵƺƯ
ƧǏƽǒǕLjǍǂDŽNJǂǕǐǎNjǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǘǂnjNJǟǎ
ǹȣIJȩ IJȠ ȕȠȘșȘIJȚțȩ İȟȐȡIJȘȝĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮ ȤȡȒıȚȝȠ ȖȚĮ ȞĮ țĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİ
ȤĮȜȚȐțĮȚʌĮȡȩȝȠȚİȢȝĮȜĮțȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİıİıțȜȘȡȑȢ
İʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİ ʌȦȢ IJȠ ʌĮȞȓ İȓȞĮȚ IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠ țȐIJȦ Įʌȩ IJȘȞ țİijĮȜȒ IJȠȣ
ĮIJȝȠȪȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȝİIJȠİʌȓʌİįȠȝȑȡȠȢIJȠȣıİİʌĮijȒȝİIJȠ
įȐʌİįȠȆİȡȐıIJİIJȘȞțİijĮȜȒĮIJȝȠȪıIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮİȟĮıțȫȞIJĮȢȝȚĮİȜĮijȡȚȐ
ʌȓİıȘīȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮıʌȡȫȟIJİIJȠȝİIJȠʌȩįȚ
ƲǒǐƾNjǕǂǔLjNjǂNJǍNJNjǒǝǕdžǒǂǃǐLjljLjǕNJNjƽdžǏǂǒǕƿǍǂǕǂ
īȚĮȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJĮȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮȕȠȘșȘIJȚțȐİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȘȞțİijĮȜȒ
ĮIJȝȠȪ$țĮȚIJȠȞIJȘȜİıțȠʌȚțȩıȦȜȒȞĮ-ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠȖȐȞIJȗȠıȪȞįİıȘȢIJȘȢțİijĮȜȒȢĮIJȝȠȪǼȚț
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞ țİijĮȜȒIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪȆĮIJȒıIJİ IJȠțȠȣȝʌȓĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȘȢ ȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒȢ+
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȞIJȘȜİıțȠʌȚțȩıȦȜȒȞĮ
ȆİȡȐıIJİIJȘȞʌȡȠȑțIJĮıȘıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣıȫȝĮIJȠȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĬĮțĮIJĮȜȐȕİIJİȩIJȚȑȤİȚ
țȠȣȝʌȫıİȚĮʌȩIJȠ ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȩ³țȜȚț´ǼȚțȆİȡȐıIJİȑȞĮĮʌȩIJĮȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮȕȠȘșȘIJȚțȐ
İȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮĮʌȩIJȘȝİȡȚȐIJȠȣĮțȡȠijȣıȓȠȣIJȘȢʌȡȠȑțIJĮıȘȢǼȚț
ȊįȞțȜȢȪijıȢįȖȡșȚșijțȜȑıȠįȢijȓȞįijįȞʍȡȢȡȫȟȟįIJȤȟįȢȞȡȝȡȗșȚȡȫȟIJijșȟʍȢȡȒȜijįIJșȞȪȟȡ
įʍȪijșȞȔįʍȝıȤȢȑijșȣ
ȆİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİȣșȣȖȡĮȝȝȓıİIJİIJȠȕȑȜȠȢʌȠȣȑȤİȚȤĮȡĮȖȝȑȞȠʌȐȞȦIJȠȣȝİIJȠ
ȕȑȜȠȢʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚʌȐȞȦıIJȘȞʌȡȠȑțIJĮıȘǼȚț
ǹȣIJȩIJȠȕȠȘșȘIJȚțȩİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȤȡȘıȚȝİȪİȚȖȚĮȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİıİȕȐșȠȢ
ȩȜİȢIJȚȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢıIJȚȢȠʌȠȓİȢijȦȜȚȐȗȠȣȞȠȚʌȚȠįȪıțȠȜİȢĮțĮșĮȡ-
ıȓİȢțĮȚİȓȞĮȚȤȡȒıȚȝȠİʌȓıȘȢȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩıIJȠȣȢȞİȡȠȤȪIJİȢ
IJĮȝȐIJȚĮIJȘȢțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢIJȠijȠȪȡȞȠȝȚțȡȠțȣȝȐIJȦȞĮʌȠȡȡȠijȘIJȒȡİȢțĮȚ
ȩȜĮIJĮıȘȝİȓĮʌȠȣįİȞȑȤȠȣȞİȪțȠȜȘʌȡȩıȕĮıȘ
ǹȣIJȩIJȠȕȠȘșȘIJȚțȩİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮİȓȞĮȚȤȡȒıȚȝȠȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩįȚȐijȠ-
ȡȦȞİʌȚijĮȞİȚȫȞĮʌȩțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮĮțĮșĮȡıȓİȢțĮȚȜȓʌȘ
ǹȣIJȩIJȠȕȠȘșȘIJȚțȩİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮİȓȞĮȚȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȤȡȒıȚȝȠȖȚĮʌȡȠıȑȖȖȚıȘ
țĮȚĮʌȠȜȪȝĮȞıȘıİįȪıțȠȜĮıȘȝİȓĮȩʌȦȢȠȚĮțĮșĮȡıȓİȢĮȞȐȝİıĮ
ıIJȚȢijȑIJİȢIJȦȞıȦȝȐIJȦȞțĮȜȠȡȚijȑȡıIJĮȡȠȜȐțĮȚıIJĮİȓįȘȣȖȚİȚȞȒȢ
87
EL
ǹȣIJȐIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ ȕȠȘșȐȞİȞĮįȚĮȜȣșȠȪȞȠȚ
ʌȚȠĮȞșİțIJȚțȑȢĮțĮșĮȡıȓİȢʌȠȣıȣııȦȡİȪȠȞIJĮȚ
ȖȪȡȦ Įʌȩ IJĮ ȝȐIJȚĮ IJȘȢ țȠȣȗȓȞĮȢ ȂʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓ ȖȚĮ ĮijĮȓȡİıȘ ĮȜȐIJȦȞ ıİ İȓįȘ
ȣȖȚİȚȞȒȢȞİȡȠȤȪIJİȢıȤȐȡİȢȞIJȠȣȗȚȑȡİȢțĮȚȝʌĮ-
ȞȚȑȡİȢ
ǹȣIJȩIJȠȕȠȘșȘIJȚțȩİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮİȓȞĮȚȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȤȡȒıȚȝȠȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚ-
ıȝȩĮȡȝȫȞțĮȚİȞȫıİȦȞıİİʌȚıȝĮȜIJȦȝȑȞĮȒĮțĮIJȑȡȖĮıIJĮʌȜĮțȐ-
țȚĮ
ƤǐLjljLjǕNJNjǝdžǏƽǒǕLjǍǂDŽNJǂǖǗƽǔǍǂǕǂ
īȚĮȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȠȕȠȘșȘIJȚțȩİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȖȚĮȣijȐıȝĮIJĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȘȞțİijĮȜȒ
ĮIJȝȠȪ$țĮȚIJȠȞIJȘȜİıțȠʌȚțȩıȦȜȒȞĮ-ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠȖȐȞIJȗȠıȪȞįİıȘȢIJȘȢțİijĮȜȒȢĮIJȝȠȪǼȚț
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞ țİijĮȜȒIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪȆĮIJȒıIJİ IJȠțȠȣȝʌȓĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȘȢ ȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒȢ+
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȞIJȘȜİıțȠʌȚțȩıȦȜȒȞĮ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȖȚĮȣijȐıȝĮIJĮıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣıȫȝĮIJȠȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĬĮțĮIJĮ-
ȜȐȕİIJİȩIJȚȑȤİȚțȠȣȝʌȫıİȚĮʌȩIJȠȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȩ³țȜȚț´ǼȚț
ǹȣIJȩIJȠȕȠȘșȘIJȚțȩİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮİȓȞĮȚȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȤȡȒıȚȝȠȖȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȚȢ
ȗȐȡİȢıIJȠȣȢțĮȞĮʌȑįİȢIJĮIJȡĮʌİȗȠȝȐȞIJȘȜĮțĮȚIJĮȡȠȪȤĮǼȚț
ǹȣIJȩIJȠȕȠȘșȘIJȚțȩİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮİȓȞĮȚȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȤȡȒıȚȝȠȖȚĮȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJĮ
IJȗȐȝȚĮIJȠȣȢțĮșȡȑijIJİȢțĮȚIJȚȢțĮȝʌȓȞİȢIJȠȣȞIJȠȣȢ
īȚĮȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȖȚĮIJĮIJȗȐȝȚĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌİȡȐıİIJİIJȚȢ
ȖȜȦIJIJȓįİȢʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȠȣİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJȠȢȖȚĮȣijȐıȝĮIJĮȝȑıĮ
ıIJȠȣȢȖȐȞIJȗȠȣȢʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȠȣİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJȠȢȖȚĮIJȗȐȝȚĮǼȚț
ȈIJİȡİȫıIJİIJȠȕȠȣȡIJıȐțȚIJȠȣİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJȠȢȖȚĮIJĮIJȗȐȝȚĮıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȠȣ
ĮʌȩIJȘȞȐȜȜȘʌȜİȣȡȐǼȚț
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƬƣƫƴƶƯƵƩƳƩƴƩ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȆȡȚȞʌȡȠȕİȓIJİıIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ǹijȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȖȚĮȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȐșİIJȩıȠȞĮİȜȑȖȤİIJİIJȘȞțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣțĮȚĮȞįȚĮʌȚıIJȫıİIJİțȐʌȠȚĮ
ijșȠȡȐȞĮĮʌİȣșȣȞșİȓIJİıİȑȞĮțȑȞIJȡȠIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢıȑȡȕȚȢȖȚĮIJȘȞĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘ
88
EL
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİıțȩȞİȢĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪțĮȚIJȡĮȤİȚȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȖȚĮȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȡȓȤȞİIJİıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠĮijĮȜĮIJȚțȐȒȐȜȜİȢĮȡȦȝĮIJȚțȑȢȠȣıȓİȢįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐșĮʌĮȪıİȚȞĮ
ȚıȤȪİȚȐȝİıĮȘİȖȖȪȘıȘ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǔǖǔNjdžǖƿǓ
īȚĮȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȠıȤȘȝĮIJȚıȝȩĮȜȐIJȦȞȞĮĮįİȚȐȗİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİIJȐIJȘȤȡȒıȘĮijȠȪıȕȒıİIJİIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȀȐșİIJȩıȠʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȖİȝȓȗȠȞIJȐȢIJȠȝİȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢīȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİ
IJĮțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮĮȜȐIJȦȞĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠʌȡȠıșȑıIJİȑȞĮțȠȣIJȐȜȚȟȪįȚȄİʌȜȪȞIJİțĮȚĮįİȚȐıIJİȂȘȞ
ĮȞȐȥİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐȝȑȡȘȝİȑȞĮțĮșĮȡȩțĮȚĮʌĮȜȩʌĮȞȓțĮȚıțȠȣʌȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮıIJİȖȞȩʌĮȞȓ
īȚĮȞĮʌȜȪȞİIJİIJȠʌĮȞȓĮțȠȜȠȣșȒıIJİIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢʌȠȣĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞİIJȚțȑIJĮIJȠȣ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǂnjƽǕǚǎ
ȆțȘșȞțȒȣʍȡȤʍȢȡȜįȝȡȫȟijįțįʍȪijșIJȤIJIJȬȢıȤIJșįȝȑijȧȟİıȟȜįȝȫʍijȡȟijįțįʍȪijșȟıȗ-
ȗȫșIJș
ȂȚĮțĮȜȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘțĮȚȑȞĮȢIJĮțIJȚțȩȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȐȡȚıIJȘțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘ
ȖȚĮȝİȖȐȜȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮǹȞȝİIJȐĮʌȩțȐʌȠȚȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮįȚĮʌȚıIJȫıİIJİȩIJȚȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡ-
ȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢįİȞİȓȞĮȚĮʌȠįȠIJȚțȒȜȩȖȦIJȘȢıȣȤȞȒȢȤȡȒıȘȢȞİȡȠȪȝİʌȠȜȜȐȐȜĮIJĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİ
ȞĮĮʌȠțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİIJȘıȦıIJȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮțȐȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞ
ǽȜijıȝȒIJijıijșȟįĴįȔȢıIJșįȝȑijȧȟȞțįĴȡȢȑȜȑȚıijȢıțȣȞȓȟıȣǺȟijȡȟıȢȪʍȡȤȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțıȔijı
ʍıȢțȒȥıțʍȡȝȝȑȑȝįijįıȜijıȝȒIJijıijșȟįĴįȔȢıIJșįȝȑijȧȟȞțįĴȡȢȑijȡȞȓȟį
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİıIJİʌȠIJȑĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȩıȠİȓȞĮȚıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ
ǼțIJİȜȑıIJİIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞıİȑȞĮȤȫȡȠʌȠȣȑȤİȚțĮȜȩĮİȡȚıȝȩȀĮIJȐIJȘȞįȚȐȡțİȚĮ
țĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪĮʌȩIJĮȐȜĮIJĮȞĮțĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJİIJȠȞĮIJȝȩıİȝȚĮĮȞșİțIJȚțȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮȒıİȑȞĮ
ʌĮȞȓʌȠȣʌȜȑȞİIJĮȚıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠȂȘȞİȚıʌȞȑİIJİIJȠȣȢȣįȡĮIJȝȠȪȢʌȠȣįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȠȪȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐ
IJȘȞįȚȐȡțİȚĮțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪIJȦȞĮȜȐIJȦȞ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȑȞĮįȚȐȜȣȝĮʌȠȣĮʌȠIJİȜİȓIJĮȚĮʌȩȜİȣțȩȟȪįȚțĮȚțĮșĮȡȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢ
ȕȡȪıȘȢ
ǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȠįȚȐȜȣȝĮıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȑIJıȚȫıIJİȠĮIJȝȩȢȞĮȝȘȞİțIJȠȟİȪİIJĮȚʌȐȞȦıİțĮȞȑȞĮĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞȠȒ
İʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȡȪșȝȚıȘȢĮIJȝȠȪ(ǹijȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮ
ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȒıİȚȖȚĮIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȑȞĮȜİʌIJȩīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ(ıIJȠ0,1
İȜȐȤȚıIJȠǹijȒıIJİıȕȘıIJȒIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȑȞĮȜİʌIJȩǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘȞįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȝȑȤȡȚȞĮ
ĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚĮIJȝȩȢȆȚȑıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİȟĮȞIJȜȘșİȓIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠįȚȐ-
ȜȣȝĮȝȑıĮıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠǹȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚİʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮīİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİțĮșĮȡȩȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȘȕȡȪıȘȄİʌȜȪȞIJİțĮȚ
ĮįİȚȐıIJİ
6 īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİPOȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩIJȘȕȡȪıȘǼȚț
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȆȚȑıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİȟĮȞIJȜȘșİȓIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠįȚȐ-
ȜȣȝĮȝȑıĮıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠǹȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚİʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘȞįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚ
89
EL
ȞĮİțȡȑİȚțĮșĮȡȩȢĮIJȝȩȢĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮİȜȑȖȟİIJİIJȘȞțĮșĮȡȚȩIJȘIJĮʌİȡȞȫȞIJĮȢ
IJȘȞțİijĮȜȒĮIJȝȠȪʌȐȞȦıİȑȞĮțĮșĮȡȩʌĮȞȓ
īȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJĮțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮĮȜȐIJȦȞĮʌȩIJĮȕȠȘșȘIJȚțȐİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮȕȣșȓıIJİIJĮıİȑȞĮįȚȐȜȣȝĮ
ȞİȡȠȪȝİȟȪįȚȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȕȠȘșȘIJȚțȩİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
ĮIJȝȠȪ
ƲƺƴƯƣƣƲƱƬƣƵƣƴƵƩƴƧƵƧƵƫƴƲƣƳƣƬƣƵƺƣƯƺƮƣƭƫƧƴ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȚțȒȢĮȞȦȝĮȜȓĮȢțĮȚȘȜİțIJȡȚțȫȞȕȜĮȕȫȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮıȕȒıİIJİĮȝȑ-
ıȦȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȆȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ǹȚIJȓİȢ ǻȚȠȡșȦIJȚțȑȢİʌİȝȕȐıİȚȢ
ȈȕȘıIJȩİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩ
ȜĮȝʌȐțȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓ-
ĮȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȉȠijȚȢįİȞİȓȞĮȚıIJȘȞ
ʌȡȓȗĮ ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJȠijȚȢİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐȕĮȜȝȑȞȠ
ıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȣʌȐȡȤİȚȡİȪȝĮ
ıIJȘȖȡĮȝȝȒȘȜİțIJȡȠįȩIJȘıȘȢǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİȞĮ
ȕȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢıİȝȚĮȐȜȜȘʌȡȓȗĮ
ǹȞʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚIJȠʌȡȩȕȜȘȝĮĮʌİȣșȣȞșİȓIJİ
ıİȑȞĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢ
ȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
ȅĮIJȝȩȢįİȞİțȡȑİȚ
ĮʌȩIJĮĮțȡȠijȪıȚĮ ȀȠȣȝʌȓİȜȐȤȚıIJȘȢʌĮȡȠ-
ȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ ȆİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȖȚĮȞĮ
ĮȣȟȒıİIJİIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞİȓȞĮȚ
ȑIJȠȚȝȘȖȚĮIJȘȤȡȒıȘ ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝİȡȚțȐįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮȝȑȤȡȚȞĮ
ıȤȘȝĮIJȚıIJİȓȠĮIJȝȩȢ
DzȜȜİȚȥȘȞİȡȠȪıIJȠ
įȠȤİȓȠ ȈȕȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒīİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİ
POțĮșĮȡȠȪȞİȡȠȪIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢǼȚț
ȅȚȠʌȑȢİțȡȠȒȢIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮijȡȐȟȠȣȞĮʌȩ
IJĮȐȜĮIJĮ
ǼțIJİȜȑıIJİIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩĮȜȐIJȦȞ
ǹȞʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚIJȠʌȡȩȕȜȘȝĮĮʌİȣșȣȞșİȓIJİ
ıİȑȞĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢ
ȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
ȄĮijȞȚțȒĮȪȟȘıȘ
IJȠȣșȠȡȪȕȠȣĮʌȩ
IJȘȞĮȞIJȜȓĮ
DzȜȜİȚȥȘȞİȡȠȪıIJȠ
įȠȤİȓȠ ȈȕȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒīİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİ
POțĮșĮȡȠȪȞİȡȠȪIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢǼȚț
ǼțȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩ
IJĮĮțȡȠijȪıȚĮ ȆȚșĮȞȐțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮ
ıȣȝʌȣțȞȫȝĮIJȠȢıIJȠȣȢ
ĮȖȦȖȠȪȢIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ
ȆİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȝȑȤȡȚ
ȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚȠĮIJȝȩȢȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİ
ȑȞĮȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓȖȚĮȞĮȝȘȕȡȑȟİIJİIJȠįȐʌİįȠ
ȈȕȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞıȣȞİȤȓıİȚȞĮİțȡȑİȚ
IJȠȞİȡȩȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȜİʌIJȐ
ʌȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣȞĮțȡȣȫıȠȣȞțĮȜȐIJȠʌĮȞȓțĮȚ
ȘțİijĮȜȒĮIJȝȠȪȄĮȞĮįȠțȚȝȐıIJİ
ǹȞʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚIJȠʌȡȩȕȜȘȝĮĮʌİȣșȣȞșİȓIJİ
ıİȑȞĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢ
ȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
90
EL
ǿǼDzdzǾǴǮǻǶdzDzǮǻǻǼǷǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶǶ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɛɵɥɨɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨɜɩɨɥɧɨɦɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɹɦɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɧɨɪɦɢɜɫɟɟɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɡɚɳɢɬɨɣɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢɦɟɪɚɦɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɢɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɜɦɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬ-
ɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟȿɫɥɢɜɵɪɟɲɢɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɪɭɤɢɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɷɬɭɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
Ɇɟɪɵɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸɨɠɨɝɨɜ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ɍɝɪɨɡɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɚɹɢɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ǻǮǵǻǮȅdzǻǶdzȁǿȀǾǼǷǿȀǰǮ
Ɇɨɠɟɬɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɞɥɹɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɣɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɞɟɡɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢɧɚɩɨɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣɢɡ
ɦɪɚɦɨɪɚɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɥɢɬɤɢɤɚɦɧɹɤɢɪɩɢɱɚɩɚɪɤɟɬɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣɢɡɬɜɟɪɞɵɯɫɨ-
ɪɬɨɜɩɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɧɨɝɨɢɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨɞɟɪɟɜɚɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɣɧɚɤɥɚɞɤɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɭɞɚɥɹɬɶɢɡɥɢɲɤɢɜɥɚɝɢȼɦɟɫɬɨɦɨɸɳɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɢɦɵɥɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɫɢɥɚɩɚɪɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ʌɸɛɨɟɞɪɭɝɨɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɟɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɨɫɜɨ-
ɛɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ ɩɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɥɟɱɟɬ ɡɚɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɧɭ ɥɸɛɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɵɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
ǼǿȀǮȀǼȅǻȉdzǾǶǿǸǶ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɉɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɩɚɪɚ
ɜɨɫɤɦɨɠɟɬɫɯɨɞɢɬɶɇɟɥɶɡɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɧɚɩɨɥɶɧɨɦɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɢɢɡɧɟɨɛɪɚ-
ɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨɞɟɪɟɜɚɢɥɢɢɡɞɪɭɝɢɯɧɟɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɵɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚ
ɥɸɛɨɣɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢȾɟɪɟɜɨɢɦɟ-
ɟɬɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɫɩɭɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɨɬɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɧɚɱɚɥɚɩɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɦɭɱɚɫɬɤɟɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹȼɤɚ-
ɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɡɚɩɪɨɫɢɬɶɭɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɧɚɩɨɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɟɝɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɇɟɥɶɡɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɧɚɞɟɥɢɤɚɬɧɵɯɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɤɚɧɹɯɢɥɢɧɚɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɯɢɡɤɨɠɢ
ǽǾǮǰǶǹǮȀdzȃǻǶǸǶǯdzǵǼǽǮǿǻǼǿȀǶ
ɊɀɋɀȿɊɀɋȽɖɇɃɌɊɉɆɗɂɉȽȻɈɃɀɇɊɋɃȼɉɋȻɈɀɉȼɐɉȿɃɇɉȽɈɃɇȻ-
ɍɀɆɗɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɍɗɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɎəɃɈɌɍɋɎɅɑɃə
91
RU
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɥɢɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯɰɟɥɹɯ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɧɟɫɟɬɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɜɰɟɥɹɯɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɦɪɭ-
ɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɬɤɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɟɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɣɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɩɪɢɟɝɨɨɬɫɵɥɤɟɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪ-
ɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɨɜɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɢɥɢɧɟ
ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɭɞɚɪɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɨɤɚɢɥɢɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹɜɪɟɞɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɥɢɰɚɦɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɦɢɢɥɢɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɬɟɦɭ
ɤɨɝɨɧɟɬɨɩɵɬɚɢɥɢɧɚɜɵɤɨɜɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɡɚɧɢɯɥɢɰɚɢɥɢɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɩɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɟɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȒșȭȒȓȠȓȗ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɞɟɬɹɦɥɟɬɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯɥɢɛɨɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɢɦɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɣɩɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦɭɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦɨɩɚɫ-
ɧɵɦɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɦ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɞɟɬɹɦɢɝɪɚɬɶɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɲɧɭɪɞɨɥɠɟɧɜɫɟɝɞɚɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɧɟɡɨɧɵɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹ
ɞɟɬɟɣɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɵ ɞɟɬɹɦɧɟ
ɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ
Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɱɬɨɛɵɞɟɬɹɦɛɵɥɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɧɚɝɪɟ-
ɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɞɟɬɢɧɟɦɨɝɥɢɩɨɬɹɧɭɬɶɡɚɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɫɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɫɪɨɤɚɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɹɯɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɞɟɥɚɜɩɪɢ-
ɛɨɪɧɟɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨ-
ɛɵɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɝɪɭɲɤɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ǺȓȞȩȏȓȕȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȖȝȜȝȞȓȒȜȠȐȞȎȧȓțȖȬȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɂɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɱɚɫɬɹɦɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɢɥɢ
ɩɚɪɨɦɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɥɢɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɢɡɡɚɨɩɚɫ-
92
RU
ɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ɇɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɬɪɭɸɩɚɪɚɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɱɚɫɬɟɣɬɟɥɚɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣɢɥɢɯɪɭɩɤɢɯɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɩɨɥɭɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟ
ɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
• ɇɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɬɪɭɸɩɚɪɚɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ
ɲɤɚɮɚ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɫɧɹɬɶɬɤɚɧɟɜɭɸɧɚɤɥɚɞɤɭɫɩɚɪɨɜɨɣɝɨɥɨɜɤɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɦɢɧɭɬ
ɩɨɤɚɩɚɪɨɜɚɹɝɨɥɨɜɤɚɢɬɤɚɧɶɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɨɯɥɚɞɹɬɫɹ
ɇɟɧɚɠɢɦɚɣɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪɩɨɤɚɤɨɬɟɥɧɟɧɚɝɪɟɟɬɫɹɞɨ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɹɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɢɡɨɬɜɟɪ-
ɫɬɢɹ
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɫɟɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɨɫɬɵɜɚɬɶɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɢɥɢɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶɟɝɨɨɬɞɟɥɶ-
ɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɢɥɢɩɟɪɟɞɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɥɢ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸɫɟɬɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɟɣɧɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɜɥɟɱɶɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɢɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɢɢɥɢɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸ-
ɳɟɦɭɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸɫɟɬɢ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɪɨɡɟɬɤɟɫɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɦɨɤɪɵɦɢɪɭɤɚɦɢɢɥɢɛɨɫɵɦɢɧɨɝɚɦɢ
• Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɫɥɢɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɢɥɤɚɢɥɢ
ɫɚɦɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɢɦɟɸɬɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɅɸɛɵɟɜɢɞɵɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɡɚɦɟɧɭ
ɲɧɭɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯ ɰɟɧ-
ɬɪɚɯȺɪɢɷɬɟɢɥɢɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ$ULHWHɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɤɚ-
ɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ɇɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɤɬɨɣɠɟɪɨɡɟɬɤɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɞɪɭɝɨɣɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɱɢ ɭɬɸɝɢ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɬɞ Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟ-
ɝɪɭɡɤɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
ɂɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɨɲɧɭɪɨɦɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢ-
ɬɚɧɢɹ
ȼɵɧɢɦɚɹɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɧɟɬɹɧɭɬɶɡɚɩɪɨɜɨɞ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɨɫɬɪɵɦɢɢɪɟɠɭ-
ɳɢɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
93
RU
ɂɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨ-
ɫɬɹɦɢ
ɉɪɢɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɬɹɧɭɬɶɟɝɨɡɚɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɝɪɨɡɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɇɟɥɶɡɹɧɚɦɚɬɵɜɚɬɶɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɧɚɪɭɤɭɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɜ
ɫɟɬɶ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪ-
țȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ɉɟɪɟɞɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵɩɨɜɟɪɯ-
ɧɨɫɬɢɢɬɤɚɧɢɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɟɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɤɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɜɜɢɞɟɩɚɪɚȼɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɟɪɟɞɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɧɚɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɩɨɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹɯɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯɞɟɥɢ-
ɤɚɬɧɵɯɬɤɚɧɹɯɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɤɨɠɟɲɟɥɤɟɢɥɢɛɚɪɯɚɬɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɞ-
ɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹɫɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɩɨɭɯɨɞɭɢɩɨɩɪɨ-
ɛɨɜɚɬɶɜɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟɢɥɢɧɚɨɛɪɚɡɰɟ
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɳɟɬɤɭɫɤɪɟɛɨɤ ɧɚ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɋɥɭɱɚɣ-
ɧɵɟɫɤɚɱɤɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɦɨɝɭɬɜɵɡɜɚɬɶɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚȼɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹɝɨɞɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɪɨɝɪɟɬɶɜɫɸɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɭɸ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɫɬɟɤɨɥɩɚɪɨɦɫɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɨɤɨɥɨɫɦ
ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɨɥɝɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ-
ɞɢɦɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɫɬɪɭɸɩɚɪɚɜɤɚɤɭɸɧɢɛɭɞɶɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɱɬɨɛɵɢɡɛɚɜɢɬɶɫɹɨɬ
ɢɡɛɵɬɤɚɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
• ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɚɪɨɜɭɸɝɨɥɨɜɤɭɧɚɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɵɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯ
• ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɣɧɚɤɥɚɞɤɨɣɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨ-
ɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɢɥɢɩɨɰɚɪɚɩɚɬɶɩɨɥ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɜɫɟɝɞɚɪɚɫɩɪɹɦɥɹɬɶɩɪɨɜɨɞ
ɇɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɛɟɡɜɨɞɵɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɥɨɦɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɫɨɫɊɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɩɪɨ-
ɜɟɪɹɬɶɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɵɜɛɚɤɟ
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ
ȿɫɥɢɜɨɞɚɨɱɟɧɶɠɟɫɬɤɚɹɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶɛɨɥɟɟ)ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɛɚɱɨɤ
ɫɦɟɫɶɸɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɣɢɞɟɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɨɞɵ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚɭɬɸɝɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɢɫɥɟɝɤɚɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸɢɬɨɥɶ-
ɤɨɩɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɜɵɜɵɬɚɳɢɥɢɜɢɥɤɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɡ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɢɜɫɟɱɚɫɬɢɭɬɸɝɚɨɫɬɵɥɢɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɥɸɛɵɟɪɚɫɬɜɨ-
ɪɢɬɟɥɢɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɱɚɫɬɢ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɥɢɜɚɬɶɜɤɨɬɟɥɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɢɥɸɛɵɟɜɟ-
ɳɟɫɬɜɚɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɨɬɞɭɲɤɢɜɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢɫɪɚ-
ɡɭɠɟɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɭɛɪɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɧɭɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɉɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɨɯ-
ɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɵɥɢɬɶɢɡɛɚɱɤɚɜɫɸɜɨɞɭ
94
RU
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɞɨɠɞɹɫɨɥɧ-
ɰɚɢɬɞ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
Ʌɸɛɵɟ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɩɨɬɟɪɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢɢɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɧɟɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɟɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶ-
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɇɟɥɶɡɹɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɦɨɝɭɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ-
ɜɚɬɶɫɹɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɨɬɧɟɝɨɢɧɟɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ȁȑȞȜȕȎȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȡȧȓȞȏȎȐȩȕȐȎțțȎȭȖțȩȚȖ
ȝȞȖȥȖțȎȚȖ
• ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯɢɜɛɥɢɡɢɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜɩɚ-
ɪɨɜɥɚɤɚɦɚɫɥɚɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣɢɥɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɞɥɹɜɨɞɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɣɩɪɨ-
ɩɢɬɤɢɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹɩɨɪɨɲɤɚɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɥɢɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɟ-
ɦɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɵɤɨɝɞɚɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɟɫɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɧɚɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɟ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɛɚɱɨɤɜɨɞɨɣɁɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɨɣ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶɩɪɢɜɵɧɭɬɨɣɜɢɥɤɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɷɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɨɤɚ
ȼɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
• ȿɫɥɢɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɬɟɫɶɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɞɚɠɟɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɨɛɹɡɚ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɏɪɚɧɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɜɫɭɯɨɦɯɨɪɨɲɨɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦɩɨɦɟɳɟ-
ɧɢɢ
•ȃǾǮǻǶȀȊ ǻǮǿȀǼȍȇdzdz ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼ ǽǼ ȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮ-
ȄǶǶ
95
RU
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdzǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
$ɉɚɪɨɜɚɹɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ 3ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶ
%ȼɨɞɹɧɨɣɛɚɤ 4Ɉɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɚɪɚ
&Ʉɪɵɲɤɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ 5Ɂɚɫɬɟɠɤɢɧɚɥɢɩɭɱɤɚɯɧɚɫɬɢɪɚɸɳɟɣɫɹɬɤɚɧɟ-
ɜɨɣɧɚɤɥɚɞɤɟ
'ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢɩɚɪɚ
(Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɩɚɪɚ
)Ʉɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ Ʌɟɝɤɨɫɬɢɪɚɸɳɚɹɫɹɬɤɚɧɶ
*Ɋɭɱɤɚ Ⱥɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɤɨɜɪɨɜ
+Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɪɭɱɤɢ ɋɬɪɭɣɧɚɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɚ
, Ʉɪɸɱɨɤɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɣɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɋɤɪɟɛɨɤ
- Ɍɟɥɟɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɪɭɱɤɚ ɋɬɪɭɣɧɚɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɚɢɡɨɝɧɭɬɚɹɩɨɞɭɝɥɨɦ
.ɋɬɨɩɨɪɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɞɥɹɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɸ-
ɳɟɣɫɹɬɪɭɛɤɢ
Ɇɚɥɟɧɶɤɚɹɤɪɭɝɥɚɹɳɟɬɤɚ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹɤɪɭɝɥɚɹɳɟɬɤɚ
/ Ʉɪɸɱɨɤɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɣɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɓɟɬɤɚɞɥɹɫɬɵɤɨɜ
0Ɋɭɱɤɚ ɇɚɫɚɞɤɚɞɥɹɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɬɤɚɧɟɣ
1Ɇɟɧɡɭɪɤɚ Ɋɟɡɢɧɨɜɵɣɫɤɪɟɛɨɤ
2ȼɨɪɨɧɤɚ 11 - Ɍɤɚɧɟɜɚɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɚ
ǶȒȓțȠȖȢȖȘȎȤȖȜțțȩȓȒȎțțȩȓ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɣɫɹɩɨɞɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɭɤɚɡɚɧɵɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧ-
ɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚȿɋ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ0RG
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣʋ61
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟȼɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ:
ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɚɹɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɚɹɫɥɭɠɛɚɬɟɯɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɉɪɢɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢɡɚɹɜɤɢɜȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǺǼǻȀǮǴǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ
ɉɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ)ɤɩɚɪɨɜɨɣɝɨɥɨɜɤɟɊɢɫȿɫɥɢɧɚɫɚɞɤɚɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɪɚɡɞɚɫɬɫɹɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣɳɟɥɱɨɤɊɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɜɵɞɜɢɠɧɭɸɬɪɭɛɤɭ-ɜɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɊɢɫɉɪɢɩɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟɫɬɨɩɨɪɧɵɣɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
ɞɥɹɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɟɣɫɹɬɪɭɛɤɢ.ɢɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɬɪɭɛɤɭɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɧɭɠɧɨɊɢɫȼɵɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ
ɬɪɭɛɤɚɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ)ɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɦɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢȿɫɥɢɧɚɫɚɞɤɚɜɫɬɚɜ-
ɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɪɚɡɞɚɫɬɫɹɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣɳɟɥɱɨɤɊɢɫ
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɋɧɹɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɭɤɨɬɥɚ&ɇɚɥɢɬɶɜɤɨɬɟɥɦɥɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɧɟɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɨɞɵɊɢɫ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ/ɢɦɟɪɧɭɸɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ.ɢɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɥɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ
96
RU
ɨɞɧɨɣɫɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɨɣɦɟɪɧɨɣɟɦɤɨɫɬɢȼɧɨɜɶɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɛɚɤ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɥɢɜɚɬɶɜɤɨɬɟɥɛɨɥɟɟɦɥɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɵ-
ɲɟɧɧɨɣɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɢɛɨɥɟɟIɜɨɞɵɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɜɨɞɵɢɡɩɨɞ
ɤɪɚɧɚɢɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɨɞɵ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɬɤɚɧɟɜɭɸɧɚɤɥɚɞɤɭɩɨɞɩɚɪɨɜɭɸɝɨɥɨɜɤɭɊɢɫɊɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶɬɤɚɧɟɜɭɸɧɚɤɥɚɞɤɭ
ɩɨɞɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢɡɚɫɬɟɠɤɚɦɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɜɨɞɨɣɞɨɧɭɠɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɪɚ-
ɛɨɬɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɨɦɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ
ɉɟɪɟɞɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɢɬɤɚɧɢ
ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɟɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɤɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸɜɵɫɨɤɢɯɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɜɜɢɞɟɩɚɪɚȼ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɟɪɟɞɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɩɨɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹɯ
ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯɞɟɥɢɤɚɬɧɵɯɬɤɚɧɹɯɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɤɨɠɟɲɟɥɤɟɢɥɢɛɚɪɯɚɬɟ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹɫɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɩɨɭɯɨɞɭ
ɢɩɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶɜɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟɢɥɢɧɚɨɛɪɚɡɰɟ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȿɫɥɢɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɩɨɥɭɜɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɬɨɫɩɭɫɬɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɪɟ-
ɦɹɫɦɨɠɟɬɟɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɛɟɥɨɜɚɬɨɝɨɨɪɟɨɥɚɇɟɫɬɨɢɬɨɫɨɛɨɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɢɬɶɫɹ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɷɬɨɬɨɪɟɨɥɥɟɝɤɨɭɞɚɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɥɢɛɨɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɭɤɫɭɫɚ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦɉɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɪɭɱɤɭ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢɩɚɪɚ(ȿɫɥɢɡɚɠɢɝɚɟɬɫɹɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ'ɷɬɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧ-
ɧɢɣɤɨɬɟɥɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɫɹɋɩɭɫɬɹɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɢɡɩɚɪɨɜɨɣɝɨɥɨɜɤɢɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɯɨ-
ɞɢɬɶɩɚɪɉɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢɩɚɪɚ(ɫɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɞɨɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟ-
ɧɢɹɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɩɚɪɚɊɢɫ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɱɬɨɫɩɨɥɚɭɞɚɥɟɧɚɜɫɹɩɵɥɶɉɪɨɜɟɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɩɨɩɨɥɭ
Ⱦɥɹɨɫɨɛɨɯɪɭɩɤɢɯɧɚɩɨɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣɬɚɤɢɯɤɚɤɩɚɪɤɟɬɞɟɪɟɜɨɢɥɢɥɚɦɢɧɚɬɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭ-
ɟɬɫɹɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɧɚɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɇɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɞɥɹɩɨɜɟɪɯ-
ɧɨɫɬɟɣɧɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɜɛɨɥɟɟɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɱɢɫɬɤɟɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɦɪɚɦɨɪɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɚɩɥɢɬɤɚɢɥɢ
ɤɚɦɟɧɶɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɧɚɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɩɚɪɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪɩɨɤɚɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɬɫɹɜɨɞɚɜɤɨɬɥɟɉɨɥɧɵɣɤɨɬɟɥɫɨɨɬ-
ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɦɢɧɭɬɚɦɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɉɪɢɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢɜɨɞɵɜɛɚɤɟ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɹɢɛɨɥɟɟɫɢɥɶɧɵɣɲɭɦ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɚɪɨɜɭɸɝɨɥɨɜɤɭɛɟɡɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɜɭɸɳɟɣɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɣɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɌɤɚɧɶɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɯɨɪɨɲɨɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɵɯɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜȾɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɣɧɚɤɥɚɞɤɢɧɟɥɶɡɹɩɟ-
ɪɟɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɬɶɩɚɪɨɜɭɸɝɨɥɨɜɤɭɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ
Ⱦɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹɫɧɢɦɚɬɶɢɩɪɨɩɨɥɚɫɤɢɜɚɬɶɬɤɚɧɶɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ
97
RU
ɪɭɱɤɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢɩɚɪɚ(ɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ2))Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɨɬɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɦɢɧɭɬɩɨɤɚɩɚɪɨɜɚɹɝɨɥɨɜɤɚɢɬɤɚɧɶɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɨɯɥɚɞɹɬɫɹ
ǻȎȝȜșțȓțȖȓȏȎȘȎȐȝȞȜȤȓȟȟȓȝȞȖȚȓțȓțȖȭ
ɉɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɬɫɹɜɨɞɚɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟɧɟɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɧɢɤɚɤɢɟɫɩɟɰɢ-
ɚɥɶɧɵɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɈɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɨɬɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɇɚɥɢɬɶɜɤɨɬɟɥɦɥɯɨɥɨɞ-
ɧɨɣɧɟɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɨɞɵɊɢɫɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ/ɢɦɟɪɧɭɸɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ.ɢɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤ-
ɬɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɥɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬɨɞɧɨɣɫɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɨɣɦɟɪɧɨɣɟɦɤɨɫɬɢȼɧɨɜɶɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɛɚɤ
ǽȜȟșȓȖȟȝȜșȪȕȜȐȎțȖȭ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢɩɚɪɚ(ɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ2))Ɉɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɡ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɬɨɤɚɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɜɵɥɢɬɶɜɨɞɭɢɡɛɚɱɤɚɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɢɡɛɟɝɚɹɨɬɫɬɨɹɜɨɞɵɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɦɨɠɟɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɧɚɤɢɩɢɊɢɫ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɦɢɧɭɬɩɨɤɚɩɚɪɨɜɚɹɝɨɥɨɜɤɚɢɬɤɚɧɶɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɨɯɥɚɞɹɬɫɹ
ɋɧɹɬɶɬɤɚɧɟɜɭɸɧɚɤɥɚɞɤɭɇɚɤɥɨɧɹɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɩɟɪɟɞɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪɩɨɤɚɧɟɡɚɤɪɨɟɬɫɹɲɚɪɨɜɨɣ
ɲɚɪɧɢɪɧɚɩɚɪɨɜɨɣɝɨɥɨɜɤɟɓɟɥɱɨɤɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɲɚɪɧɢɪɡɚɤɪɵɥɫɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
Ɋɢɫȼɵɬɚɳɢɬɟɢɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɫɬɨɩɨɪɧɵɣɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɫɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚ/
Ɋɢɫɋɬɨɩɨɪɧɵɣɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ,ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɈɛɦɨɬɚɬɶɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɨɤɪɭɝɞɜɭɯ
ɫɬɨɩɨɪɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɊɢɫɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɜɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɨɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɭɫɬɨɱɢɜɨɦɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨ-
ɜɚɬɶɲɚɪɨɜɨɣɲɚɪɧɢɪɧɚɩɚɪɨɜɨɣɝɨɥɨɜɤɟɊɢɫ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɫɭɯɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɟɨɬɞɟɬɟɣ
ǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶdzǻǮǿǮDzǼǸ
ǻȎȟȎȒȘȎȒșȭȥȖȟȠȘȖȘȜȐȞȜȐ
ɗɬɚ ɧɚɫɚɞɤɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɤɨɜɪɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɜɪɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ
ɦɹɝɤɢɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɬɜɟɪɞɵɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨ-
ɫɬɹɯ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɚɹ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɚ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧ-
ɧɨɩɨɞɩɚɪɨɜɭɸɝɨɥɨɜɤɭɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɝɥɚɞɤɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɤɩɨɥɭȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɩɚɪɨɜɭɸɝɨɥɨɜɤɭɜɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɫɥɟɝɤɚɧɚɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɹȾɥɹ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɩɪɨɫɬɨɧɚɠɚɬɶɧɚɧɟɟɧɨɝɨɣ
ǿȠȞȡȗțȎȭțȎȟȎȒȘȎȖȒȞȡȑȖȓȚȓșȘȖȓțȎȟȎȒȘȖ
Ⱦɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɛɨɥɟɟɦɟɥɤɢɯɧɚɫɚɞɨɤɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɧɹɬɶɩɚɪɨɜɭɸɝɨɥɨɜɤɭ$ɢɜɵɞɜɢ-
ɝɚɸɳɭɸɫɹɬɪɭɛɤɭ-ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɧɚɫɬɨɩɨɪɧɵɣɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹɩɚɪɨɜɨɣɝɨɥɨɜɤɢɊɢɫ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɩɚɪɨɜɭɸɝɨɥɨɜɤɭ ɇɚɠɚɬɶɧɚɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɪɭɱɤɢ+ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟ
ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɭɸɫɹɬɪɭɛɤɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɫɬɪɭɣɧɭɸɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɜɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚȿɫɥɢɧɚɫɚɞɤɚ
ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɪɚɡɞɚɫɬɫɹɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣɳɟɥɱɨɤɊɢɫȼɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟɧɚ-
ɫɚɞɤɢɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɜɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɟɊɢɫ
ȼɩɦɠɠɧɠɦɥɣɠ ɨɛɬɛɟɥɣɧɩɞɮɭɮɬɭɛɨɛɝɦɣɝɛɭɷɬɺɨɛɬɭɫɮɤɨɩɤ ɨɛɬɛɟɥɠɭɩɦɷɥɩɝ ɩɟɨɩɧ
98
RU
ɨɛɪɫɛɝɦɠɨɣɣ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɬɚɤɱɬɨɛɵɫɬɪɟɥɤɚɧɚɧɚɫɚɞɤɟɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɥɚɫɨɫɬɪɟɥɤɨɣɧɚɫɬɪɭɣɧɨɣɧɚ-
ɫɚɞɤɟɊɢɫ
ɗɬɨɧɚɫɚɞɤɚɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɩɨɥɟɡɧɚɞɥɹɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɫɢɥɶɧɨɡɚ-
ɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣɚɬɚɤɠɟɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɦɨɟɤɝɚɡɨɜɵɯɞɭ-
ɯɨɜɨɤɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɯɩɟɱɟɣɜɵɬɹɠɟɤɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɬɪɭɞɧɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɤɭɯɧɢ
ɗɬɚɧɚɫɚɞɤɚɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɞɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɩɢɳɢɝɪɹɡɢɢ
ɠɢɪɚɫɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɗɬɚɧɚɫɚɞɤɚɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɩɨɥɟɡɧɚɞɥɹɛɵɫɬɪɨɣɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɱɢɫɬ-
ɤɢɢɨɛɟɡɡɚɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢ-
ɦɟɪɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɡɚɛɚɬɚɪɟɹɦɢɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɠɚɥɸ-
ɡɢɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɗɬɢɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬɫɱɢɳɚɬɶɫɢɥɶɧɨɡɚɫɨɯ-
ɲɭɸɝɪɹɡɶɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɚ
ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɚɯɩɥɢɬɵɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɬɚɤ-
ɠɟɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɨɝɨɧɚɥɟɬɚ
ɫɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɤɭɯɨɧɧɵɯ
ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɪɟɲɟɬɨɤɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɞɭ-
ɲɟɜɵɯɩɨɞɞɨɧɨɜɢɥɢɜɚɧɧ
ɗɬɚ ɧɚɫɚɞɤɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɵɤɨɜ ɧɚ-
ɩɨɥɶɧɨɣɩɥɢɬɤɢɫɝɥɚɞɤɨɣɢɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ǻȎȟȎȒȘȎȒșȭȠȘȎțȓȗ
ɑɬɨɛɵɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɨɣɞɥɹɬɤɚɧɟɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɧɚɱɚɥɚɫɧɹɬɶɩɚɪɨɜɭɸɝɨɥɨɜɤɭ
$ɢɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɭɸɫɹɬɪɭɛɤɭ-ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɧɚɫɬɨɩɨɪɧɵɣɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹɩɚɪɨɜɨɣɝɨɥɨɜ-
ɤɢɊɢɫɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɩɚɪɨɜɭɸɝɨɥɨɜɤɭɇɚɠɚɬɶɧɚɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɪɭɱɤɢ+
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɭɸɫɹɬɪɭɛɤɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɞɥɹɬɤɚɧɟɣɜɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚȿɫɥɢɧɚ-
ɫɚɞɤɚɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɪɚɡɞɚɫɬɫɹɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣɳɟɥɱɨɤɊɢɫ
99
RU
ɗɬɚɧɚɫɚɞɤɚɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɞɥɹɪɚɡɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɫɤɥɚɞɨɤ
ɧɚɞɢɜɚɧɚɯɫɤɚɬɟɪɬɹɯɢɨɞɟɠɞɟɊɢɫ
ɗɬɚ ɧɚɫɚɞɤɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɟɤɨɥ ɡɟɪɤɚɥ
ɞɭɲɟɜɵɯɤɚɛɢɧ
ɑɬɨɛɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɳɟɬɤɭɫɨɫɤɪɟɛɤɨɦɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɹɡɵɱɤɢ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɜɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɞɥɹɬɤɚɧɟɣɜɧɭɬɪɶɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɳɟ-
ɝɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɜɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɳɟɬɤɢɫɨɫɤɪɟɛɤɨɦɊɢɫɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɳɟɬɤɭ
ɫɧɚɫɚɞɤɨɣɫɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɊɢɫ
ǼȅǶǿȀǸǮǶȀdzȃǼǯǿǹȁǴǶǰǮǻǶdz
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɟɪɟɞɱɢɫɬɤɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹȾɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɨɯɥɚ-
ɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɦɢɧɭɬ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɥɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɫɟɝɞɚɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɲɧɭɪɚȼɚɲɟɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɟɪɟɞɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɢɜɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹɜɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣɰɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɞɥɹɟɝɨɡɚɦɟɧɵɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣɩɟɪ-
ɫɨɧɚɥ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɨɬɞɭɲɤɢɜɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȝȞȖȏȜȞȎ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɵɯɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɩɨɫɥɟɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚɢ
ɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɨɬɩɢɬɚɸɳɟɣɫɟɬɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɬɶɛɚɤ
ȼɪɟɦɹɨɬɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɛɚɤɚɢɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɟɠɟɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɨɝɨɧɚɥɟɬɚɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɨɬɥɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶɬɭɞɚɱɚɣɧɭɸɥɨɠɤɭɭɤɫɭɫɚɋɩɨɥɨɫ-
ɧɭɬɶɢɜɵɥɢɬɶɇɟɜɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɉɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɱɢɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɫɚɥɮɟɬɤɢɩɨ-
ɫɥɟɱɟɝɨɩɪɨɬɟɪɟɬɶɫɭɯɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸ
ɉɟɪɟɞɱɢɫɬɤɨɣɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɣɧɚɤɥɚɞɤɢɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹɫɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɢɧɚɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɟ
ȁȒȎșȓțȖȓȖȕȐȓȟȠȘȜȐȜȑȜțȎșȓȠȎ
Ⱦɛɫɛɨɭɣɺɨɠɪɫɠɟɩɬɭɛɝɦɺɠɭɬɺɝɬɦɮɲɛɠɟɠɯɠɥɭɩɝɝɩɢɨɣɥɳɣɰɣɢɢɛɩɜɫɛɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɝɨɮ-
ɭɫɣɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɣɢɝɠɬɭɥɩɝɩɞɩɨɛɦɠɭɛ
ɋɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɟɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɞɟɥɚɹɪɢɫɤ
100
RU
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɧɢɹɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦȿɫɥɢɬɟɦɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɫɩɭɫɬɹɤɚɤɨɟɬɨɜɪɟɦɹ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɨ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ-
ɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɭɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ƚɶɪɩɦɨɺɤɭɠɪɫɩɱɠɟɮɫɮɩɲɣɬɭɥɣɥɛɡɟɶɠɭɫɣɧɠɬɺɱɛɀɬɦɣɟɦɺɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɮɠɭɬɺ
ɩɲɠɨɷɡɠɬɭɥɛɺɝɩɟɛɭɩɪɫɩɱɠɟɮɫɮɩɲɣɬɭɥɣɡɠɦɛɭɠɦɷɨɩɪɩɝɭɩɫɺɭɷɥɛɡɟɶɤɧɠɬɺɱ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɣɬɟɱɢɫɬɤɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɨɬɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɨɝɨɧɚɥɟɬɚɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɯɨɪɨɲɨɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɨɬɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɨɝɨɧɚɥɟɬɚɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɩɚɪɧɚɩɨ-
ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸɤɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸɜɵɫɨɤɢɯɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɥɢɧɚɦɨɸɳɭɸɫɹɬɤɚɧɶ
ɇɟɜɞɵɯɚɣɬɟɩɚɪɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɨɬ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɨɝɨɧɚɥɟɬɚ
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɫɦɟɫɶɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɭɸɢɡɭɤɫɭɫɚɢɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɜɨɞɵɢɡɩɨɞɤɪɚɧɚ
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɫɦɟɫɶɜɤɨɬɟɥ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɱɬɨɛɵɩɚɪɧɟɩɨɩɚɥɧɢɧɚɤɚɤɭɸɧɢɛɭɞɶɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɥɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ ɉɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɚɪɚ (
Ɉɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦɧɚɨɞɧɭɦɢɧɭɬɭɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢɫɢɥɵɩɚɪɚ
(ɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ0,1Ɉɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦɧɚɨɞɧɭɦɢɧɭɬɭɉɨɜɬɨɪɹɣɬɟɷɬɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪɩɨɤɚɧɟɫɬɚɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɩɚɪȾɚɣɬɟɩɚɪɭɜɵɣɬɢɢɡɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɨɩɨɥ-
ɧɨɝɨɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹɫɦɟɫɢɜɨɞɵɢɭɤɫɭɫɚɜɤɨɬɥɟȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɩɪɨɰɟ-
ɞɭɪɭ
ȼɵɧɭɬɶɲɧɭɪɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɤɨɬɟɥɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɱɢɫɬɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɋɩɨɥɨɫɧɭɬɶɢ
ɜɵɥɢɬɶ
6 ɇɚɥɢɬɶɜɤɨɬɟɥɦɥɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɧɟɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɨɞɵɊɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɪɨɡɟɬɤɭȾɚɣɬɟɜɵɣɬɢɜɫɟɦɭɩɚɪɭɞɨɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɢɫɩɚ-
ɪɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵɜɤɨɬɥɟȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɣɬɟɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪɩɨɤɚɢɡ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɱɢɫɬɵɣɩɚɪɜɵɦɨɠɟɬɟɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɯɨɪɨɲɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɱɢɳɟɧ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɹɩɚɪɨɜɨɣɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɣɩɨɱɢɫɬɨɣɬɤɚɧɢ
Ⱦɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɨɝɨɧɚɥɟɬɚɫɧɚɫɚɞɨɤɩɨɝɪɭɡɢɬɟɢɯɜɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣɢɡɜɨɞɵɢ
ɭɤɫɭɫɚɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɧɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɧɚɱɧɢɬɟɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɚɪɚ
101
RU
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȁǿȀǾǮǻdzǻǶȌǻdzǸǼȀǼǾȉȃǽǾǼǯǹdzǺ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɧɟɩɨɥɚɞɨɤɜɪɚɛɨɬɟɭɬɸɝɚɢɥɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɚɜɚɪɢɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪȼɵɧɭɬɶɲɧɭɪɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɉɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɩɨɤɚɩɪɢ-
ɛɨɪɨɫɬɵɧɟɬ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɍɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɜɤɥɸ-
ɱɟɧɢɹɧɟɝɨɪɢɬ ȼɢɥɤɚɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɱɬɨɜɢɥɤɚɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɱɬɨɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭ-
ɟɬɬɨɤɉɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɤ
ɞɪɭɝɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɟ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭɧɟɭɞɚɟɬɫɹɪɟɲɢɬɶɨɛɪɚ-
ɬɢɬɶɫɹɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣɰɟɧɬɪ
ɉɚɪɧɟɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ
ɢɡɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸ-
ɳɢɯɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ
Ɋɭɱɤɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢɩɨɞɚ-
ɱɢɩɚɪɚɧɚɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
ɞɥɹɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹɫɬɪɭɢɩɚɪɚ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɝɨɬɨɜɤ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɟɤɭɧɞɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ-
ɦɵɯɞɥɹɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɤɩɨɞɚɱɟɩɚɪɚ
ɇɟɯɜɚɬɤɚɜɨɞɵɜɪɟ-
ɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ ȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɜɤɨɬɟɥ
ɦɥɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɧɟɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɨɞɵɊɢɫ
Ɉɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɩɚɪɚɦɨɝɭɬɡɚɛɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɵɦɧɚɥɟɬɨɦ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭɩɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɟɨɬ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɨɝɨɧɚɥɟɬɚ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭɧɟɭɞɚɟɬɫɹɪɟɲɢɬɶ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ
ɰɟɧɬɪ
ɇɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨ
ɭɫɢɥɢɬɫɹɲɭɦɩɪɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟɧɚɫɨɫɚ
ɇɟɯɜɚɬɤɚɜɨɞɵɜɪɟ-
ɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ ȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɜɤɨɬɟɥ
ɦɥɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɧɟɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɨɞɵɊɢɫ
ȼɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɟɜɨɞɵ
ɢɡɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ
ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚɜ
ɬɪɭɛɤɟɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
ɉɨɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɣɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢɩɨɞɚɱɢ
ɩɚɪɚɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪɩɨɤɚɩɚɪɧɟɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɯɨ-
ɞɢɬɶɉɨɫɬɟɥɢɬɶɦɹɝɤɭɸɬɤɚɧɶɱɬɨɛɵɧɟ
ɭɜɥɚɠɧɹɬɶɧɚɩɨɥɶɧɨɟɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟȿɫɥɢɜɨɞɚ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɶɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɦɢɧɭɬɩɨɤɚɩɚɪɨ-
ɜɚɹɝɨɥɨɜɤɚɢɬɤɚɧɶɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɨɯɥɚɞɹɬɫɹ
ɉɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶɟɳɟɪɚɡ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭɧɟɭɞɚɟɬɫɹɪɟɲɢɬɶ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ
ɰɟɧɬɪ
102
RU
Ⱦɚɬɚɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ61ZN\UDEFGHIJɝɞɟ
ZN±ɧɟɞɟɥɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ\U±ɝɨɞɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚDEFGHIJ±ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɌɊɌɋɈɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɧɢɡɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɚɜɝɭɫɬɚɝɨɞɚɌɊɌɋ
©ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜª ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧ Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ
ɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɞɟɤɚɛɪɹɝɨɞɚɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜ
ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
%aȽɰȼɬɄɥɚɫɫ,,3;
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ɧɢɟɉɈɆ,ɄɈɆ
ɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɍɫɚɱɟɜɚɞɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɨɦ,,ɤɨɦ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ'H¶/RQJKL$SSOLDQFHV6UO©ȾɟɥɨɧɝɢȺɩɩɥɚɟɧɫɢɫɋɊɅªȺɞɪɟɫɂɬɚɥɢɹ
ɎɥɨɪɟɧɰɢɹɄɚɦɩɢȻɢɡɟɧɰɢɨȼɢɚɋɄɭɢɪɢɤɨ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɣɢɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɦɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɫɚɣɬɟKWWSZZZDULHWHQHWUXDVVLVWDQFH
Ƚɨɪɹɱɚɹɥɢɧɢɹ$ULHWH
Ɍɨɜɚɪɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟɢɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸɧɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɦɟɫɬɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɣɫɪɨɤɝɨɞɚɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟ-
ɥɢɹ
103
RU
ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ ﺔّﻴﻤﺤﻣو ،ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ
يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻠﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳاو صﺮﺤﺑ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ةءاﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
هﺬﻫ ﻖﻓرأ .ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌا ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻼﻟ ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا .راﴐﻷاو ثداﻮﺤﻟا عﻮﻗو ﻊﻨﳌ ،ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ
.ﻐﻠﻟ ﻪﺋاﺪﻫإ وأ ﻪﻌﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا زﻮﻣﺮﻟﺎﺑ ةﺰﻴﻤﻣ ،ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ةدراﻮﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ دﻮﻌﺗ رﺎﻄﺧأ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ضﺮﻐﻟا
ﺐﺸﺨﻟاو بﻮﻄﻟاو ةرﺎﺠﺤﻟاو ﻚﻴﻣاﺴﻟاو مﺎﺧﺮﻟا ﻦﻣ تﺎﻴﺿرأ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻌﺑ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗو ﻞﻴﺴﻏ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻚﻨﻜ
ﺔﻌﻄﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا ﺢﻤﺴﻳ .ءﺎﳌا ذﻮﻔﻨﻟ ﻊﻧﺎﻣو ﺞﻟﺎﻌﻣ ﺧﻷا اﺬﻫ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ طﴍ ،ﺐﻠﺼﻟا ﺐﺸﺨﻟا ﻦﻣ تﺎﻴﺿرأو (ﻪﻴﻛرﺎﺑ)
.نﻮﺑﺎﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا داﻮ ﺔﻧﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا نوﺪﺑو رﺎﺨﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟا ةﻮﻘﻟا زﺎﻬﺠﻟا مﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ .ةﺪﺋاﺰﻟا ﺔﺑﻮﻃﺮﻟا صﺎﺼﺘﻣا ﻦﻣ شﻘﻟا
يدﺆﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز .ﺔﻘﺋﻻ ﻏ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﻊﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻳ ﻻ
.ﺎﻬﺘﻐﻴﺻ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻬﻣ ،نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﻖﺋﻻ ﻐﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا
ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﻞﻌﻔﺑ ﻊﻤﺸﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﻢﺘﻳ .ﺔﻌﻤﺸﻟا ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
ﺐﺸﺨﻟا حﻮﻄﺳ ﻦﻣ عﻮﻧ يأ ﲆﻋ لﺎّﻐﺷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ .ءﺎﳌا ذﻮﻔﻨﻟ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﻐﻟا وأ ﺞﻟﺎﻌﻣ ﻐﻟا ﺐﺸﺨﻟا ﻦﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ
.ﺐﺸﺨﻟا ﺦﻔﺘﻨﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ :ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ
ﺔﻴﺿرﻷا ﺞﺘﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ رﺎﺴﻔﺘﺳﻻا ﻦﺴﺤﺘﺴﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻋ ﻼﻳﺪﺑو .ﺖﻴﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻔﺨﻣ ﺔﺣﺎﺴﻣ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺘﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ
.ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻠﻟ ﻞﻀﻓﻷا ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟا ﻦﻋ
. ﺪﻠﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﳌا وأ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﻄﺻﻻا وأ ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻨﻟا ﺔﺠﺴﻧﻷا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
نﺎﻣﻷا تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا صﺮﺤﺑ أﺮﻗا
.ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺻ وأ ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺗ ضاﺮﻏﻷ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﱄﺰﻨﳌا لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﻤﺼﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ •
ﻦﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ضاﺮﻏﻷ وأ ﺊﻃﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺐﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ضاﺮﻏﻷا
ﻏ داﻮ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟا ﺐﻄﻌﻟا ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺠﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا نﻷ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮ ظﺎﻔﺘﺣﻻا ﺢﺼﻨﻳ •
.ﺺّﺧﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﱃإ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻘﺋﻻ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ تﺎﻣﺪﺻ وأ ﻖﻳﺮﺣ رﺎﻄﺧأ عﻮﻗو ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻧﺎﺻ ﻦﻣ ةدرﻮﻣ ﻏو ﺔﻘﺋﻻ ﻏ تاﺪﻌﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا •
.صﺎﺨﺷﻷﺎﺑ رﴬﻟا قﺎﺤﻟإ وأ
ﻦﻳﺬﻟا صﺎﺨﺷﻷا وأ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟاو ﺔﻴ ّ
ﺴﺤﻟاو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا ﻢﻫاﻮﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ نﻮﻜﻠ ﻻ صﺎﺨﺷأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ •
ﻢﻬﺒﻳرﺪﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﻌﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻄﻳﴍ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ وأ ةﱪﺧ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ
104
AR
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا كاردإ ﲆﻋ ﻦﻳردﺎﻗو ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
نأو ﻖﺒﺳ وأ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻄﻳﴍ ،تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ •
.ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ يﻮﻄﻨﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺮﻃﺎﺨﳌا نﻮﻛرﺪﻳو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻤﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻢﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺐﻌﻠﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ حﺴﻟا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﻞﻘﺗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﻦﻋ ًاﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻆﻔﺣ ﺐﺠﻳ •
،تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﻞﻘﺗ دﻻوأ ﺎﻬﺑ مﻮﻘﻳ ﻻ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا مﺎﻬﻣ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺄﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا لﻋأ •
.ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻄﻳﴍو
.ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﱃإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﻻ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ •
.ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﻷ ،لﺎﻔﻃﻷا لوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﰲ ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
.ضرﻷا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا طﺎﻘﺳإو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺪﺸﺑ ﻞﻔﻃ مﻮﻘﻳ نﺄﺑ ﳽﻼﺗ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺺﻗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﻊﻨﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺎﻬﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ •
ﺐﻌﻠﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز
.ﻪﺑ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
،ﻪﺋﺎﻔﻃإ ﲇﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا لﻼﺧ وأ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا وأ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا وأ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ •
.قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ
تﺎﻧاﻮﻴﺣ هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ وأ ﻢﺴﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﳌا رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺔﺳﺎﺴﺣ ءﺎﻴﺷأ وأ تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻧ وأ ﺔﻔﻴﻟأ
.ﻪﺋﺎﻔﻃإ ﺪﻌﺑ ارﻮﻓ وأ ﻪﻠﻴﻐﺸﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ضرﻷا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
.(ناﺮﻓﻷا ﻞﺧاد لﺎﺜﳌا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﲆﻋ) ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ءاﺰﺟأ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﺗ ةﺰﻬﺟأ هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﳌا رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻻ •
5 ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﻞﺼﻓا ،رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر ﻦﻋ شﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ دﺎﻌﺑإ ﻞﺒﻗ •
.شﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗو رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر دﱪﻳ ﻟ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد
.مّﺼﻟا ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا جوﺮﺧ ﺮﻄﺧ :ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ ﺔﻳ ّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﺼﺗ نأ ﻞﺒﻗ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﺗ ﻻ •
ءاﺰﺟأ دﺎﻌﺑإ وأ لﺎﺧدإ ﻞﺒﻗ دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧاو ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒّﻗﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ •
.ﻪﻔﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ وأ ﻪﻨﻣ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺻو ﻞﺒﻗ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
.ثداﻮﺣو راﴐأ عﻮﻗو ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ،ﺔﻌﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺼﺧّﺮﻣ ﻐﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا تﻼﺻﻮﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا •
.رﺎﻴﺘﻟا ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺣ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓاﻮﺘﻣ ﻏ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺬﺧﺂﻣ وأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ تﻼﺻو ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
.ضّرﺆﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺬﺧﺄ ﺎاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺻوأ •
.ىﺮﺧأ ﻞﺋاﻮﺳ ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ •
.ﻣﺪﻘﻟا ﰲﺎﺣ ﺖﻨﻛ اذإ وأ ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻟﻮﻠﺒﻣ ﻚﻳﺪﻳ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ اذإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
،حﻼﺻﻹا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ .ﻒﻠﺘﻣ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ وأ نﺎﻔﻠﺘﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا وأ ﻞﺒﻜﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ Ariete ﺔﻛﴩﻟ ﻊﺑﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ
.ﺮﻄﺧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻟﻮﺨﻣ ءاﱪﺧ
ﺮﻄﺧ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﺲﻔﻧ ﲆﻋ (... ﺎﻫﻏو تﺎّﻌﺸﻣو يوﺎﻜﻣو تﺎﻧﺎّﺨﺳ) ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ةرﺪﻗ تاذ ﺮﺧآ زﺎﻬﺟ يأ ﻚﺒﺸﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺤﻟا زوﺎﺠﺗ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ةرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺪﻨﺴﺗ ﻻ •
105
AR
.ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّﺪﺷ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻔﺗ ﻻ •
.ﻒﻠﺘﻠﻟ ﻪﺿﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ،ةدﺎﺣ ءاﺰﺟأ وأ فاﻮﺣ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
.ةّرﺎﺤﻟا حﻮﻄﺴﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺔﺴﻣﻼﻣ مﺪﻋ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻪﺒﺤﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻘﻨﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﻞﺼﻓا ،ﺔﻳﻮﺟ ﺔﻔﺻﺎﻋ عﻮﻗو ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ لﻮﺻﻮﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ كﺪﻳ لﻮﺣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﻒﻠﺗ ﻻ •
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻊﻣ ﻖﻓاﻮﺘﺗ وأ ﺔﻳﻮﻗ ﺎﻬﺘﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺔﺸﻤﻗﻷاو حﻮﻄﺴﻟاو ءﺎﻴﺷﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ •
ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻨﻟا ﺔﺠﺴﻧﻷاو ﺐﺸﺨﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﳌا حﻮﻄﺴﻟاو رﺎﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻒّﻔﺠﳌا طﻼﺒﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ،صﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ .رﺎﺨﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻟا
ﻲﻔﺨﻣ ءﺰﺟ ﲆﻋ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻞﻤﻋو داﻮﳌا هﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ﻞﻤﺨﳌا وأ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﻟا وأ ﺪﻠﺠﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ
.جذﻮ ﲆﻋ وأ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ
ﱃإ ﺔﻳراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﻣﺪﺼﻟا يدﺆﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ .درﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺢﻄﺴﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ جﺎﺟﺰﻟا ﺢﺴﻣ ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
ﺢﻄﺴﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﲆﻋ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ًﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ جﺎﺟﺰﻟا ﺨﺴﺘﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ﺎﻣ ًﺎﻋﻮﻧ ةدرﺎﺒﻟا ﻢﺳاﻮﳌا ﰲ .رﺎﺴﻜﻧﻻا
.ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻢﺳ 40 ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻣ ﲆﻋو ﻪﺘﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا
ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ ءﺎﻋو ﻞﺧاد ﻖﻓﺪﺘﳌا رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻪّﺟو ،ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ وأ ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﻋ •
.ﺪﺋاﺰﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ
.ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺟﺰﻟا حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﲆﻋ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺔﻴﺿرﻷا شﺪﺧو ﻒﻠﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ .ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺑ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎاد ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّ
ﻚِﻓ •
.ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ مﺎﻈﺘﻧﺎﺑ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ .ﻒﻠﺘﻟا ﱃإ ﺔﺨﻀﳌا ضﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻣ ًﺎﻓﻮﺧ ،ءﺎﻣ نوﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ ءﺎﳌا نﺎﻛ اذإ .(ﻦﻧﻮﺑﺮﻜﻟا ﺪﻴﺴﻛأ ﺎﺛ ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ فﺎﻀﻣ) ﺔﻳزﺎﻏ هﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
ﻪﻨﻣ عوﺰﻨﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ 50%و ﺔﻴﻔﻨﺤﻟا ءﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ 50% ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﻣ ﺞﻳﺰﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،(ﺔﻴﺴﻧﺮﻓ ﺔﺟرد 20 ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ ةﻮﺴﻗ ﻊﻣ)
.ندﺎﻌﳌا
ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻦﻜ ،ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ دوﺮُﺑو ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺲﺑﺎﻗ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ •
ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ يدﺆﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ تﺎﺒﻳﺬﻣ ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻼﻴﻠﻗ ﺔﺒﻃﺮﻣو ﺔﻨﺸﺧ ﻏ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ
.ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا
ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ ًارﻮﻓ يدﺆﻳ ﻚﻟذ نﻷ ;ﻄﻌﺘﻠﻟ ىﺮﺧأ ﴏﺎﻨﻋ وأ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ داﻮﻣ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ﺐﻜﺴﺗ ﻻ •
.نﻀﻟا
هاﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻏّﺮﻓ ﻢﺛ ،ناﺰﺨﻟا دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻆﻔﺣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺎاد ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا •
.ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ
.(...(ﺎﻫﻏو ﺲﻤﺸﻟاو رﺎﻄﻣﻷا) ﺔﻳﻮﺠﻟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
.ﻖﻠﻄﻟا ءاﻮﻬﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا نﺎﻣأو ﺔﻣﻼﺳ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ ،ﻊﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺼﺧﺮﻣ ﻏو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﲆﻋ ﻢﺘﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا تﻼﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟا يدﺆﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ •
.مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ
.ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا وأ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاد ءاﺰﺟأ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﻻ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ّ
ﻚﻔﺗ ﻻ •
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ دﻮﻌﺗ رﺎﻄﺧأ
ﺔﻌﻧﺎﳌا داﻮﳌا وأ تﺎﺒﻳﺬﳌا وأ ﻲﺘﻳﺰﻟا ءﻼﻄﻟا ﻦﻋ ردﺎﺻ رﺎﺨﺑ ﺪﺟاﻮﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ وأ ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻣ تﺎﺌﻴﺑ ﻞﺧاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
.رﺎﺠﻔﻧﻼﻟ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻟا وأ مﺎﺴﻟا رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺮﺧآ عﻮﻧ يأ وأ لﺎﻌﺘﺷﻼﻟ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ رﺎﺒﻏ وأ ءﺎﳌا ذﻮﻔﻨﻟ
.ﻢﻠﺳ ةﺪﻋﺎﺴ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ مﺎﺘﻟا رﺬﺤﻟا ﺬﺧأ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳ ﺐﺠﻳ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﻞﺒﻗ ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻸﻣا •
106
AR
.ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﰲ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻌﺷأ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺻو ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺒﻗاﺮﻣ نوﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻦﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺼﻗ ةﱰﻔﻟ ﻮﻟو دﺎﻌﺘﺑﻻا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ •
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
.فﺎﺟو درﺎﺑو فﻮﻘﺴﻣ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻆﻔﺣا •
.تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا هﺬﻬﺑ ﺎاد ﻆﻔﺘﺣا •
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر - Aﺲﺑﺎﻗ + ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ - P
ءﺎﻣ ناﺰﺧ - Bرﺎﺨﺒﻟا جوﺮﺧ مﺻ - Q
ناّﺰﺨﻟا ةداﺪﺳ - Cشﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﻚﺒﺸﻟ "وﺮﻜﻠﻴﻓ" ﻚﺑﺎﺸﻣ - R
ﺰﻫﺎﺟ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا نأ لﺪﺗ ةرﺎﺷإ - D
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ - Eﻞﻴﺴﻐﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﺸﻤﻗﻷا - 1
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ - Fتﺎﻃﺎﺴﺒﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ةادأ - 2
ﺾﺒﻘﻣ - Gﺔﻫّﻮﻓ/ﺔﻠﺻو - 3
ﺾﺒﻘﳌا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرِز - Hﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﺑ ﻜﺳ - 4
ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّ
ﻒﻠﻣ ﻚﺒﺸﻣ - Iﺔﺟرد 90 ﺔﻳواﺰﺑ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻣ ﺔﻫّﻮﻓ - 5
ﻮﻜﺴﻠﺗ ﺐﻴﻀﻗ - Jةﻐﺻ ةﺮﻳﺪﺘﺴﻣ ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ - 6
ﻮﻜﺴﻠﺘﻟا ﺐﻴﻀﻘﻟا ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟ ﻚﺒﺸﻣ - Kةﺒﻛ ةﺮﻳﺪﺘﺴﻣ ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ - 7
ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّ
ﻒﻠﻣ ﻚﺒﺸﻣ - Lطﻮﻄﺨﻟاو ﻞﺻاﻮﻔﻠﻟ ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ - 8
ﺾﺒﻘﻣ - Mﺔﺸﻤﻗﻸﻟ تﺎﻘﺤﻠﻣ - 9
ءﺎﳌا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ - Nجﺎﺟﺰﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ - 10
نﺎﻘﺤﻣ - Oﺔﺸﻤﻗﻷا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ - 11
ﺔﻴﻨﻓ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻞﻔﺳأ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ يﻮﺘﺤﺗ
CE ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟاو ﻊﻧﺎﺼﻟا •
(.Mod) ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا •
(SN) ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﳌا ﻢﻗر •
(ﺲﺗﻫ) ددﱰﻟاو (ﺖﻟﻮﻓ) ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻓ •
(طاو) ﺔﺼﺘﻤﳌا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةرﺪﻘﻟا •
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﻢﺴﻗ ﻒﺗﺎﻫ ﻢﻗر •
.ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻢﻗرو ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا ﺮﻛذ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﺰﻛﺮ لﺎﺼﺗﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ ﺪﻌﺑأ
.(3 ﻞﻜﺷ) "ﺔّﻘﻃ" عﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﺧدﻹا ﻢﺘﻳ .(2 ﻞﻜﺷ) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر ﲆﻋ (F) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﺐّﻛر
ﱃإ ﻮﻜﺴﻠﺘﻟا ﺐﻴﻀﻘﻟا ّﺪﻣو (K) ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟا ﻚﺒﺸﻣ ﺢﺘﻓا .(5 ﻞﻜﺷ) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﲆﻋ (J) ﻮﻜﺴﻠﺘﻟا ﺐﻴﻀﻘﻟا ﺐّﻛر
ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﺧدﻹا ﻢﺘﻳ .ﺪﺣاو هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ (F) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﰲ ﻮﻜﺴﻠﺘﻟا ﺐﻴﻀﻘﻟا لﺎﺧدإ ﻦﻜ .(4 ﻞﻜﺷ) بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا
.(5 ﻞﻜﺷ) "ﺔّﻘﻃ" عﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا
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AR
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
.ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﻚﻓ
(L) نﺎﻘﺤﳌا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻣ 350 راﺪﻘ ءﺎﳌا ناّﺰﺧ ﻸﻣا .ناّﺰﺨﻟا ةداﺪﺳ ﺪﻌﺑأ
.ناّﺰﺨﻟا ﻖﻠﻏأ .سﺎﻴﻘﳌا ﻒﺼﻧو سﺎﻴﻘﻣ لدﺎﻌﻳ ﻞﻣ 350 :زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ نادّرﻮﳌا (K) سﺎﻴﻘﳌاو
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ ءﺎﳌا نﺎﻛ اذإ .ﻞﻣ 350 ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻤﻜﺑ ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻸ ﻻ
ﻦﻣ 50% و ﺔﻴﻔﻨﺤﻟا ءﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ 50% ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﻣ ﺞﻳﺰﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا (20°f ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ ةوﺎﺴﻗ) ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا
.ندﺎﻌﳌا ﻪﻨﻣ عوﺰﻨﳌا ءﺎﳌا
."وﺮﻜﻠﻴﻔﻟا" ﻚﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﲆﻋ شﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﻊﺿ .(7 ﻞﻜﺷ) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر ﺖﺤﺗ شﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﻊﺿ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ءﺎﻣ نوﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ،ﻢﺋﻼﳌا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺌﺒﻌﺗ ﻢﺗ ناﺰﺨﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
ﺔﺟرد ﻊﻣ ﻖﻓاﻮﺘﺗ وأ ﺔﻳﻮﻗ ﺎﻬﺘﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺔﺸﻤﻗﻷاو حﻮﻄﺴﻟاو ءﺎﻴﺷﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ
ﺐﺸﺨﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﳌا حﻮﻄﺴﻟاو رﺎﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻒّﻔﺠﳌا طﻼﺒﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ،صﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ .رﺎﺨﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻟا ةراﺮﺤﻟا
ﻞﻤﻋو داﻮﳌا هﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ﻞﻤﺨﳌا وأ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﻟا وأ ﺪﻠﺠﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻨﻟا ﺔﺠﺴﻧﻷاو
.جذﻮ ﲆﻋ وأ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻲﻔﺨﻣ ءﺰﺟ ﲆﻋ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻚﻧﺎﻜﻣﺈﺑ ﻪﻧﻷ ،ﻖﻠﻘﺗ ﻻ .ءﺎﻀﻴﺑ ﺔﻌﻘﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺘﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻴﺿرﻷا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻗﻮﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ّﻞﺨﻟا ﻦﻣ طﺎﻘﻨﻟا ﺾﻌﺑ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ وأ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻠﻟ ﻞﻳﺰﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺘﻟازإ
ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﻞﻌﺸﺗ .(E) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ .ضّرﺆﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
ﻦﻣ جوﺮﺨﻟﺎﺑ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ ،اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ .ﺨﺴﺘﻟﺎﺑ تأﺪﺑ ﺪﻗ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ﺔﻳ ّﻼﻐﻟا نأو ﻞﻌﺸﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﲆﻋ لﺪﺗ ﻟ ،(D)
.(8 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌا رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﺐﺴﺣ ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ﱃإ دﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ﻦﻣ (E) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ .رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر
.ﺔﻴﺿرﻷا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا رّﺮﻣ .ﺔﻴﺿرﻷا ﻦﻋ ﻻوأ رﺎﺒﻐﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
ﻂﺒﺿ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺮﻟا ﺢﺋﺎﻔﺼﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌا وأ ﺐﺸﺨﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﳌا تﺎﻴﺿرﻷا ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻨﻟا تﺎﻴﺿرﻷا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ
ﻒّﻔﺠﳌا طﻼﺒﻟا وأ مﺎﺧﺮﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ ﻖﻴﻤﻋ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﱃإ جﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻨﻴﺑ ،ﺾﻔﺨﻨﻣ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﲆﻋ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا
.ﱄﺎﻋ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﲆﻋ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻂﺒﻀﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ﺮﺠﺤﻟا وأ رﺎﻨﻟﺎﺑ
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 15/18 ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺔﻌﺳ لدﺎﻌﺗ .ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإو ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ رﺎﺨﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺞﺘﻨﻳ
.يﻮﻗ ﺞﻴﺠﻀﺑو زاﺰﺘﻫﺎﺑ سﺎﺴﺣﻹا ﻢﺘﻳ ،ءﺎﻣ نوﺪﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻲﻘﺑ اذإ .ﺮﻤﺘﺴﳌا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ةﺪﻤﺘﻌﳌا ﺔﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ شﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ءاﴍ ﻦﻜ .شﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ نوﺪﺑ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
.ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ةءﺎﻀﻣ تﺎﺌﻴﺑ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر ﺐﻠﻘﺗ ﻻ ،شﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ دﺎﻌﺑﻹ !قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ
ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ .OFF ﲆﻋ (E) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ .ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻔﻄﺸﻟ شﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ دﺎﻌﺑإ ﻦﻜ ،لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ
.شﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗو رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر دﱪﻳ ﻟ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد 5 ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺊﻠﻣ
راﺪﻘ ءﺎﳌا ناّﺰﺧ ﻸﻣا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ .ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا ﻲﻬﺘﻨﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ يأ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﻻ
لدﺎﻌﻳ ﻞﻣ 350 :زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ نادّرﻮﳌا (K) سﺎﻴﻘﳌاو (L) نﺎﻘﺤﳌا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻣ 350
.ناّﺰﺨﻟا ﻖﻠﻏأ .سﺎﻴﻘﳌا ﻒﺼﻧو سﺎﻴﻘﻣ
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لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺪﻌﺑ
ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ناّﺰﺨﻟا غّﺮﻓ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﻞﺼﻓأ .OFF ﲆﻋ (E) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ
.(16 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﺑ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻛ تﺎﺒﺳﺮﺗ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ،ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.شﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗو رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر دﱪﻳ ﻟ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد 5 ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا
ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﺧدﻹا ﻢﺘﻳ .رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر ﲆﻋ ﻞﺼﻔﳌا قﻼﻏإ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإو مﺎﻣﻷا ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻣأ .شﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺪﻋأ
ﻞﺒﻜﻠﻟ ّ
ﻒﻠﻣ .ﺖﺑﺎﺛ (I) ﻚﺒﺸﳌا .(18 ﻞﻜﺷ) (L) ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّ
ﻒﻟ ﻚﺒﺸﻣ ّ
ﻒﻟو ﺐﺤﺳا .(17 ﻞﻜﺷ) "ﺔّﻘﻃ" عﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ
.ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ يدﻮﻤﻋ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ .(19 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻜﺒﺸﻣ ﲆﻋ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.(17 ﻞﻜﺷ) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر ﲆﻋ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﻞﺼﻔﳌا ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻳدﻮﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﰲ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻰﻘﺒﻳ ﻟ
.لﺎﻔﻃﻷا لوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻦﻋ ًاﺪﻴﻌﺑو ّ
فﺎﺟ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ
تﺎﻘﺤﻠﳌا لﻌﺘﺳا
تﺎﻃﺎﺴﺒﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﻖﺤﻠﻣ
حﻮﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﻬﺑﺎﺸﳌا ﺔﻳﺮﻄﻟا حﻮﻄﺴﻟاو تﺎﻃﺎﺴﺒﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا اﺬﻫ
.ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻗ
ةادﻷا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ .رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر ﺖﺤﺗ ﺔﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ شﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
،ﻖﺤﻠﳌا دﺎﻌﺑﻹ .ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻂﻐﻀﻟا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﰲ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر ﻞﺧدأ .ﺔﻴﺿرﻷا ﲆﻋ
.مﺪﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻓد ﻲﻔﻜﻳ
وصلة وملحقات صغيرة
سأر ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻚﺒﺸﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا .(J) ﻮﻜﺴﻠﺘﻟا ﺐﻴﻀﻘﻟاو (A) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر دﺎﻌﺑإ ﺐﺤﻳ ،ةﻐﺼﻟا تﺎﻘﺤﻠﳌا لﻌﺘﺳﻻ
.ﻮﻜﺴﻠﺘﻟا ﺐﻴﻀﻘﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ .(H) ﺾﺒﻘﳌا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرِز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا .رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر ﺪﻌﺑأ .(3 ﻞﻜﺷ) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا
ﻞﻜﺷ) "ﺔّﻘﻃ" عﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﺧدﻹا ﻢﺘﻳ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺔﻄﻘﻨﺑ (3) ﺔﻠﺻﻮﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
.(11 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﻠﺻﻮﻟا مﺻ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ةﻐﺼﻟا تﺎﻘﺤﻠﳌا ﺪﺣأ ﻞﺧدأ .(10
.ﺪﺣاو هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺔﻠﺻﻮﻟا ﲆﻋ ةﻐﺼﻟا تﺎﻘﺤﻠﳌا ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻦﻜ
ﻞﻜﺷ) ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﺲﻔﻧ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻠﺻﻮﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﻢﻬﺴﻟاو ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﲆﻋ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﻢﻬﺴﻟا ﺢﺒﺼﻳ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ّ
ﻒﻟ
.(12
،ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو .ﴢﻌﺘﺴﳌا ﺦﺳﻮﻟا ﺎﻬﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا اﺬﻫ
تاﻮﺴﻨﻠﻘﻟاو ﻒﻳوﺮﻜﻴﳌا ناﺮﻓأو زﺎﻐﻟا ﺪﻗاﻮﻣو ﺦﺒﻄﳌا ﻞﺳﺎﻐﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻮﻬﻓ
.ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟا ﺐﻌﺼﻟا ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟو
.حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﻦﻋ نﻮﻫﺪﻟاو ﺦﺳﻮﻟا تﺎﻔﻠﺨﻣ ﻂﺸﻜﻟ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا اﺬﻫ
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ﺦﺳﻮﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻈﻨﺗو ﺔﺒﻌﺻ طﺎﻘﻧ ﱃإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟا ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا اﺬﻫ
.ﺔﻌﻳﴎو ﺔﻄﻴﺴﺑ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻟا تاودﻷاو ﺬﻓﻮﻨﻟا ﺮﺋﺎﺘﺳو تﺎّﻌﺸﳌا ﰲ ﺶﻌﺸﻌﻳ يﺬﻟا
رﻮﺸﻘﻟاو تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺖﻴﺘﻔﺗ ﲆﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ تﺎﻘﺤﻠﳌا هﺬﻫ
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا زﺎﻬﺟ ﺪﻗاﻮﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻜﺸﺘﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺔﻳﻮﻘﻟا
ﺦﺒﻄﳌا ﻞﺳﺎﻐﻣ وأ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻟا تاودﻷا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ
ﻢﺘﻳ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،مﺤﻟا ضﻮﺣ وأ شوﺪﻟا وأ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﻚﺒﺷ وأ
. ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟا
.مﺎﺨﻟا وأ ﻢﻋﺎﻨﻟا طﻼﺒﻟا طﻮﻄﺧو ﻞﺻاﻮﻓ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا اﺬﻫ
(9) ﺔﺠﺴﻧﻸﻟ ﻖﺤﻠﻣ
ﻚﺒﺸﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا .(J) ﻮﻜﺴﻠﺘﻟا ﺐﻴﻀﻘﻟاو (A) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر دﺎﻌﺑإ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﺸﻤﻗﻷا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
.ﻮﻜﺴﻠﺘﻟا ﺐﻴﻀﻘﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ .(H) ﺾﺒﻘﳌا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرِز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا .رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر ﺪﻌﺑأ .(3 ﻞﻜﺷ) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺗ
عﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﺧدﻹا ﻢﺘﻳ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ ﰲ (9) ﺔﺠﺴﻧﻷﺎﺑ صﺎﺨﻟا ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﻞﺧدأ
.(10 ﻞﻜﺷ) "ﺔّﻘﻃ"
.(13 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺲﺑﻼﳌاو ةﺪﺋﺎﳌا ﺔﻴﻄﻏأو ﺔﻜﻳرﻷا تﺎﻴﻨﺛ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا اﺬﻫ
.شوﺪﻟا فﺮﻏو ﺎﻳاﺮﳌاو جﺎﺟﺰﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا اﺬﻫ
ﻖﺤﻠﻣ ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﻨﺴﻟﻷا لﺎﺧدإ ﺐﺠﻳ ،جﺎﺟﺰﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ لﻌﺘﺳﻻ
ﻚﺒﺷا .(14 ﻞﻜﺷ) جﺎﺟﺰﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﻚﺑﺎﺸﳌا ﻞﺧاد ﺔﺠﺴﻧﻷا
.(15 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺮﺧﻵا ﺐﻧﺎﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻖﺤﻠﳌﺎﺑ ةﺎﺷﺮﻔﻟا
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺒﻟ دﱪﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﺮﺗا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ىﺮﺧﻷا ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ
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!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﱃإ هﺬﺧ ﻪﻔﻠﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲو ،ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ كزﺎﻬﺠﺑ صﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ﺺﺘﺨﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﻟاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﻢﺘﻳ ﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﺧ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ بﺮﻗأ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﺔﻛﺎﺣ داﻮﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ ًارﻮﻓ يدﺆﻳ ﻚﻟذ نﻷ ;ﻄﻌﺘﻠﻟ ىﺮﺧأ ﴏﺎﻨﻋ وأ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ داﻮﻣ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ﺐﻜﺴﺗ ﻻ
.نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻚﻟذو ،ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﺑ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻛ تﺎﺒﺳﺮﺗ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻴﻠﻛ ناﺰﺨﻟا غّﺮﻓ
ﻞﺧاد ﻞﻜﺸﺘﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ .جزﺎﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺮﺧﻵاو ﺤﻟا ﺑ ءﺎﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻞﺧاد ﻒّﻈﻧ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻌﺸﺗ ﻻ .غّﺮﻓ ﻢﺛ ،ﻒﻄﺷأ .ﻞﺨﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ ﻒﺿأ ،ناﺰﺨﻟا
.ﺔّﻓﺎﺟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻔﻔﺟ ﻢﺛ ،ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏو ﺔﺒﻃر ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒّﻈﻧ
.تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﻊﺒﺗا ،ﻞﻴﺴﻐﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻟا شﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ
ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒ ّ
ﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا نﻀﻟا ﻲﻄﻐﻳ ﻻ
ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﺲﻔﻨﺑو ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةءﺎﻔﻛ ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻤﻈﺘﻨﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ
ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﱰﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻞﻠﺨﻟا ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ضﺮﻌﺗ اذإ ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ .ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺒﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺪﺤﺗ
ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا تاءاﺮﺟﻹا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﻦﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ ءﺎﻣو ﺴﻋ ءﺎﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ
.ﻞﻠﺨﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟاو ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ
ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳو ًاﺪﺟ ﺴﻋ ءﺎﳌا نﺎﻛ اذإ .رﻮﻬﺷ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﻞﻛ ةﺮﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ يﺮﺟأ
.ﺮﻬﺸﻟا ﰲ ةﺮﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ يﺮﺟأ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟﺎﺑ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺒﻗاﺮﻣ نوﺪﺑ ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ
ﲆﻋ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻪّﺟو ،ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ .ةاﻮﻬﻣ ﺔﺌﻴﺑ ﻞﺧاد ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ يﺮﺟأ
.ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒ ّ
ﺳﱰﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟا رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻖﺸﻨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﻞﻴﺴﻐﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻗ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ وأ يﻮﻗ ﺢﻄﺳ
.ﻒﻴﻈﻨﻟا جزﺎﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ 2/3 و ﻞﺨﻟا ﻦﻣ 1/3 ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﻣ ﺞﻳﺰ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻸﻣا 1
.ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ﺞﻳﺰﳌا ﺐﻜﺳأ 2
.حﻮﻄﺳو ءﺎﻴﺷأ ﲆﻋ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺘﺑ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﻻ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ 3
ّ
ﻒﻟ .دأ ﺪﺤﻛ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد ةﺪﳌ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﺮﺗأ .(E) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ 4
ﻲﻬﺘﻨﻳ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ .ﺔﻘﻴﻗد ةﺪﳌ ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﺮﺗأ .MIN دﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ﲆﻋ (E) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ
.ةروﴬﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ .ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا لﻮﻠﺤﳌا ﻲﻬﺘﻨﻳ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻳ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا كﺮﺗأ .رﺎﺨﺒﻟا روﺪﺻ
.غّﺮﻓ ﻢﺛ ،ﻒﻄﺷأ .ﻒﻴﻈﻨﻟاو جزﺎﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻸﻣا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا 5
.(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻣ 350 راﺪﻘ ءﺎﳌا ناّﺰﺧ ﻸﻣا 6
ﺪﻨﻋ .ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﻲﻬﺘﻨﻳ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﺑ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا كﺮﺗأ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ 7
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر ﺮﻳﺮ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﻈﻨﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﻟا ﻦﻜ :ﻒﻴﻈﻧ رﺎﺨﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا رﺪﺼﻳ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ ،ةروﴬﻟا
.ﺔﻔﻴﻈﻧ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﲆﻋ
عّزو ﻢﺛ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﺐّﻛر .ءﺎﳌاو ﻞﺨﻟا ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﻣ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺴﻄﻏأ ،تﺎﺤﻘﻠﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ
.رﺎﺨﺒﻟا
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ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﺤﻟ تادﺎﺷرإ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا .رﻮﻔﻟا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻃأ ،ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺐﻄﻋ لﻮﺼﺣ وأ ذﺎﺷ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌاﻦﻜﻤﳌا ﺐﺒﺴﻟاﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺎﻣ
.ﺄﻔﻄﻣ لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ءﻮﺿ.ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ﻏ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا لﺎﺧدإ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻂﺧ ﲆﻋ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ رﺎﻴﺗ دﻮﺟو ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ .ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا
.ﺮﺧآ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا لﺎﺧدإ لوﺎﺣ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
.ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ ﺔﻣﺪﺧ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻊﺟار ،ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌا تﺮﻤﺘﺳا اذإ
ﻦﻣ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جوﺮﺧ مﺪﻋ
.تﺎﻣﺼﻟا
ﲆﻋ رﺎﺨﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ﻊﺿ
.دﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا
.رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ةدﺎﻳﺰﻟ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ﻒﻟ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﺰﻫﺎﺟ ﻏ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا.رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻀﺤﺘﺑ ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﻟ اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺑ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا
.ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﻣ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﻻ
ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻣ 350 ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ﺐﻜﺳأ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻃأ
.(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا
،رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﻨﻣ جﺮﺧ ﻲﺘﻟا بﻮﻘﺜﻟا
.ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻣ نﻮﻜﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ
.ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا لزأ
.ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ ﺔﻣﺪﺧ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻊﺟار ،ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌا تﺮﻤﺘﺳا اذإ
ﺞﻴﺠﺿ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ عﺎﻔﺗرا
.ﺊﺟﺎﻔﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﺨﻀﳌا
.ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﻣ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﻻ ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻣ 350 ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ﺐﻜﺳأ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻃأ
.(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا
ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا جوﺮﺧ
.تﺎﻣﺼﻟا
ﻞﺧاد تﺎّﻔﺜﻜﻣ دﻮﺟو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣإ
.رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ىﺮﺠﻣ
روﺪﺻ ﻆﺣﻼﺗ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ﻒﻟ
.ﺔﻴﺿرﻷا ﻞﻠﺒﺗ ﻻ ﻟ ،ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﻊﺿ .رﺎﺨﺒﻟا
5 ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻃأ ،ءﺎﳌا جوﺮﺧ ﺮﻤﺘﺳا اذإ
ﻦﻣ لوﺎﺣ .شﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗو رﺎﺨﺒﻟا سأر دﱪﻳ ﻟ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد
.ﺪﻳﺪﺟ
.ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ ﺔﻣﺪﺧ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻊﺟار ،ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌا تﺮﻤﺘﺳا اذإ
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