Ariete 4619 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for 4619 by Ariete which is a product in the Fryers category. This manual has pages.
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DESCRIZIONE DELL’APPARECCHIO
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griglia ed uno a ricoprire l’alimento.
Nel caso di cottura degli alimenti con la griglia o con il cestello, distribuire uniformemente
l’olio sugli alimenti per ottenere cibo più croccante e dorato. Successivamente, posizionare
gli alimenti da cuocere sulla griglia o nel cestello.
Nel caso di cottura degli alimenti con la griglia, con lo spiedo o con il cestello, inserire an-
che la leccarda al livello più basso del vano di cottura per raccogliere i grassi. Per evitare
fumi, cattivi odori e incrostazioni è congiliabile versare un po’ d’acqua nella leccarda.
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SAFETY WARNINGS
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.
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Warning – material damage
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Danger of damage originating from other causes
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SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLIANCE
A - $SSOLDQFHERG\ L - %DVNHW
B - &RRNLQJFRPSDUWPHQW M - Roaster spit
C - 3RZHUFRUG N - 6SLWDQGEDVNHWUHPRYDOIRUN
D - Door 2%DVNHWURWDWLRQEXWWRQZLWKLQGLFDWRUOLJKWV
E - +DQGOH operating light
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K - Drip pan
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BEFORE USE
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Check that the domestic mains voltage is the same as the voltage indicated on the label of
the device.
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the phenomenon will disappear after a short time. This will have no effect on the operation
of the appliance.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
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When cooking foods with oil, use two aluminum sheets to avoid splashing hot oil on the
heating elements of the cooking compartment. Put a sheet on the drip pan or on the grill and
the other one covering food.
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PRUHFUXQFK\DQGJROGHQ. Next, place foods to be cooked on the grill or into the basket.
When cooking food using the grill, the spit or the basket, also place the drip pan at the lowest
level of the cooking compartment to collect fats. To avoid fumes, odors and incrustations, it
is advisable to pour a little water into the drip pan.
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placed in the upper part of the cooking compartment.
Do not overload the grills, the drip pan or the basket with too much food. Adhere to the
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The appliance is provided with auto-off function. If the door is opened during cooking, the
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The cooked ingredients must be golden and not black or brown. Remove the possible
burned parts from the ingredients.
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Preparation tips
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24
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Pre-set programs
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frozen chips
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25
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Min-max
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(min) Temperature
(°C) Information
Potatoes and fries
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Potato gratin
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foods
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26
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Auto-off function
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AVANT D'UTILISER L'APPAREIL
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de fumée: il est inutile de s'inquiéter; il s'agit d'un phénomène parfaitement normal car cer-
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incidence sur le fonctionnement de l'appareil.
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En cas de cuisson des aliments avec de l'huile, utiliser deux feuilles d'aluminium pour éviter
les éclaboussures d'huile chaude sur les résistances de l’enceinte de cuisson. Placer une
feuille sur la lèchefrite ou sur la grille et utiliser une autre feuille pour couvrir les aliments.
Si l’on fait cuire les aliments avec la grille ou dans le panier, répartir uniformément l'huile
sur les aliments pour obtenir une nourriture plus croustillante et dorée. Placer ensuite les
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ment la lèchefrite au niveau le plus bas de l’enceinte de cuisson pour récupérer les graisses.
Pour éviter les odeurs, les fumées et les incrustations il est recommandé de verser un peu
d'eau dans la lèchefrite.
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cm des résistances positionnées dans la partie supérieure de l’enceinte de cuisson.
Ne pas surcharger les grilles, la lèchefrite ou le panier avec beaucoup de nourriture. Obser-
ver la quantité maximale autorisée indiquée dans le tableau.
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L ’appareil est équipé de la fonction d'arrêt automatique. Si on ouvre la porte pendant la cuis-
son, les résistances et la lumière interne s’éteignent automatiquement. Lorsqu’on referme
la porte, l'appareil reprend son fonctionnement normal et la lumière interne se rallume, si
elle avait été allumée précédemment.
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Les ingrédients cuits doivent être dorés et non noirs ou bruns. Eliminer les éventuels restes
de brulé des aliments.
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Conseils de préparation
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Programmes préétablis
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Pommes de terre et
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6DFKVFKDGHQJHIDKU 'DV *HUlW PLQ FP YRQ :lQGHQ 0|EHOQ RGHU DQGHUHQ *HUlWHQ
HQWIHUQWVWHOOHQ
.HLQH*HJHQVWlQGHDXIGLHRIIHQH7UVWHOOHQ
49
DE
9RUGHUHUVWHQ9HUZHQGXQJGHV*HUlWHVPVVHQGLH5RVWH-GHU)HWWDEIlQJHU.GHU.RUE
/XQGGHU6SLH0JHVSOWZHUGHQ'LH*ULOOURVWHGHU)HWWDEIlQJHUGHU.RUEXQGGHU6SLH
N|QQHQLQGHU6SOPDVFKLQHJHUHLQLJWZHUGHQ$OWHUQDWLYNDQQPDQHLQQRUPDOH6SOPLWWHOXQG
HLQHQZHLFKHQQLFKWVFKHXHUQGHQ6FKZDPPYHUZHQGHQ6LHK$EVDW]5HLQLJXQJGHV*HUlWV
%HLGHUHUVWHQ9HUZHQGXQJLVWHVUDWVDPGDV*HUlWHLQLJH0LQXWHQODQJHLQJHVFKDOWHW]XKDOWHQ
XPGHQ1HXJHUXFK]XEHVHLWLJHQ
'UHKHQ6LHGHQ7HPSHUDWXUUHJOHU4ELV]XUK|FKVWHQ(LQVWHOOXQJ
8PGDV*HUlWHLQ]XVFKDOWHQGUHKHQ6LHGHQ.QRSIGHV7LPHUV3'DV*HUlWPLQGHVWHQV
0LQXWHQODQJLQHLQHUEHOIWHWHQ8PJHEXQJEHWUHLEHQ
8PGDV*HUlWDXV]XVFKDOWHQVWHOOHQ6LHGHQ.QRSIGHV7LPHUV3DXI
Beim ersten Gebrauch kann es passieren, dass das Gerät einen leichten Geruch und etwas
Rauch ausgibt: Keine Sorge! Das ist absolut normal, weil einige Teile leicht geschmiert
sind. Nach einiger Zeit wird den Geruch verschwinden. Dies hat keine Einwirkung auf der
Betriebsweise des Geräts.
BEDIENUNGSANLEITUNG
Achtung
6DFKVFKDGHQJHIDKU
.HLQH 6SHLVHQ HLQIJHQ GLH ZlKUHQG GHV .RFKHQV DEWURSIHQ 'LHV
HUVFKZHUWGLH5HLQLJXQJVYRUJlQJHXQGNDQQ]X%UlQGHQIKUHQ5HLQLJHQ6LHGHQ*DUUDXP
YRUMHGHP*HEUDXFKYRQ6SHLVHUHVWHQRGHU.UPHOQ
(VEHVWHKWGLH*HIDKUGDVVGDV*ODVEULFKW1LHPDOV:DVVHUDXIGDVKHLH2IHQWUJODV
JLHHQ6WHOOHQ6LHNHLQH*HJHQVWlQGHDXIGDV7UJODVZHQQHVJH|IIQHWLVW
6WHOOHQ6LHZlKUHQGGHV%HWULHEVNHLQH*HJHQVWlQGHDXIGDV*HUlW
Achtung
6WURPVFKODJJHIDKU /HJHQ 6LHNHLQH *DEHOQ RGHUlKQOLFKHV LQ GDV*HUlW 'LHV NDQQ]X
6FKlGHQDQGHQ+HL]HOHPHQWHQGHV*HUlWVXQG]XU*HIDKUHLQHV.XU]VFKOXVVHVIKUHQ
Achtung
9HUEUHQQXQJVJHIDKU,P%HWULHEVLQGGLHPHWDOOLVFKHQ7HLOHQXQGGDV*ODVVKHL0DQGDUI
QXUGHQ7UJULIIDQIDVVHQ
/HEHQVPLWWHOQLHLQGHU3DFNXQJ)ODVFKH6FKDFKWHOXVZHUZlUPHQ
'LH]XEDFNHQGHQ/HEHQVPLWWHODXIGHQ5RVW-RGHUDXIGLH)HWWSIDQQH.VWHOOHQ(VNDQQQXU
HLQ5RVW$EERGHUDOOHGUHLJOHLFK]HLWLJYHUZHQGHWZHUGHQ$EE
)HWWDEIlQJHU ]XP %UDWHQ %DFNHQ *UDWLQLHUHQ ,GHDO IU
%UDWKlKQFKHQURWHV)OHLVFK*UDWLQLHUWHV*HPVH%LVNXLWXQG
DOOH%DFNZDUHQ
50
DE
5RVW6WFNH]XU7URFNQXQJ]XP/XIWEUDWHQ%UlXQHQ5|V-
WHQXQG7RDVWHQ,GHDOIU%URW.DUWRIIHOQ)OHLVFK)LVFK2EVW
XQG*HPVH
6WHOOHQ6LHGHQ)HWWDEIlQJHUDXIGLHXQWHUVWH(EHQHIUDOOH/H-
EHQVPLWWHOGLHEHLP*ULOOHQWURSIHQN|QQHQ
Wenn Sie Lebensmittel mit Öl kochen, verwenden Sie zwei Aluminiumfolien, um zu
verhindern, dass heißes Öl auf die Heizelemente im Garraum spritzt. Eine Folie soll auf den
Fettabfänger gestellt werden, die andere soll die Speise abdecken.
Wenn Sie Lebensmittel auf dem Grill oder im Korb kochen, verteilen Sie das Öl gleichmäßig
auf diese, damit sie goldbraun und knusprig werden. Legen Sie dann die zu kochenden
Speisen auf das Grillrost oder in den Korb.
Wenn Sie Lebensmittel auf dem Rost, mit einem Spieß oder im Korb kochen, setzen Sie auch
den Fettabfänger auf der untersten Ebene des Garraums ein, um das Fett aufzufangen. Um
Rauch, schlechte Gerüche und V erkrustungen zu vermeiden, ist es ratsam, etwas W asser in
den Fettabfänger zu geben.
(VLVWP|JOLFKGLH/HEHQVPLWWHOIU0LQXWHQYRU]XKHL]HQEHYRUGLH.RFK]HLWHLQJHVWHOOWZLUG
RGHUGLUHNWGLH+HL]]HLWGHU.RFK]HLWKLQ]XIJHQ
6WHOOHQ6LHGDV5RVW-RGHUGHQ)HWWDEIlQJHU.PLWGHQ]XEHUHLWHWHQ6SHLVHQLQGHQ*DUUDXP
Positionieren Sie den Grill oder den Fettabfänger so, dass die Speisen einen Mindestabstand
von 2 cm zu den Heizelementen im oberen Teil des Garraums haben.
Roste, Fettabfänger oder Körbe nicht mit Lebensmittel überladen. Beachten Sie die in der
Tabelle angegebene zulässige Höchstmenge.
$QVFKOLHHQGGHQ6WHFNHULQHLQH6WHFNGRVHPLW(UGOHLWXQJVWHFNHQ
8PGDV*HUlWHLQ]XVFKDOWHQGUHKHQ6LHGHQ.QRSIGHV7LPHUV3'LHJHZQVFKWH*DU]HLW
HLQVWHOOHQ'HU7LPHUNDQQELV]X0LQXWHQHLQJHVWHOOWZHUGHQ
'LH %HWULHEVDQ]HLJH OHXFKWHW DXI XQG GHU 2IHQ EHJLQQW ]X NRFKHQ 1DFK$EODXI GHU
HLQJHVWHOOWHQ=HLWHUOLVFKWGDV/LFKW
'UHKHQ6LH GHQ7HPSHUDWXUUHJOHU46WHOOHQ6LH GLH JHZQVFKWH*DUWHPSHUDWXU HLQ 'HU
7HPSHUDWXUEHUHLFKHUVWUHFNWVLFKYRQELV*UDG
'LH 7HPSHUDWXUDQ]HLJH OHXFKWHW DXI 6REDOG GDV *HUlW GLH JHZQVFKWH 7HPSHUDWXU
HUUHLFKWKDWHUOLVFKWGLH$Q]HLJH
:lKUHQGGHV*DUHQVNDQQGLH,QQHQEHOHXFKWXQJGXUFK'UFNHQGHU7DVWH2HLQJHVFKDOWHW
ZHUGHQ
%HLHLQJHVFKDOWHWHP*HUlWVWDUWHWDXFKGLH/IWXQJDXWRPDWLVFK'LHZDUPH%HOIWXQJVOXIWVLFKHUW
HLQHJOHLFKPlLJH9HUWHLOXQJGHU7HPSHUDWXUXQGGDVHLQKHLWOLFKH%DFNHQDXIPHKUHUHQ6WXIHQ
RKQHGLH*HUFKH]XYHUPLVFKHQ
51
DE
'DV*HUlWGDUIZlKUHQGGHV%HWULHEHVDXI3DXVHHLQJHVFKDOWHWZHUGHQ]XP%HLVSLHOXPGLH
=XWDWHQZlKUHQGGHV.RFKSUR]HVVHV]XPLVFKHQ
Achtung
6DFKVFKDGHQJHIDKU/HJHQ6LHNHLQH*DEHOQRGHUlKQOLFKHVLQGDV*HUlW'LHVNDQQ]X
6FKlGHQDQGHQ+HL]HOHPHQWHQGHV*HUlWVXQG]XU*HIDKUHLQHV.XU]VFKOXVVHVIKUHQ
8PGDV*HUlWDXV]XVFKDOWHQVWHOOHQ6LHGHQ.QRSIGHV7LPHUV3DXI'LH:LGHUVWlQGH
VFKDOWHQVLFKDXV
$P(QGHGHV.RFKYRUJDQJHVJLEWGDV*HUlWHLQH%HHS7RQDXVXQGVFKDOWHWVLFKDXWRPDWLVFKDXV
,VWGLH=XEHUHLWXQJQLFKWIHUWLJOHJHQ6LHHLQIDFKDOOHVZLHGHULQGHQ*DUUDXP]XUFNXQGVWHOOHQ
6LHGHQ7LPHUQRFKHLQSDDU0LQXWHQHLQ
Das Gerät ist mit automatischer Abschaltfunktion ausgestattet. Wird die Tür beim Kochen
geöffnet, werden die Heizelemente und die Innenbeleuchtung automatisch ausgeschaltet. Bei
geschlossener Tür nimmt das Gerät den Normalbetrieb wieder auf und die Innenbeleuchtung
wird automatisch eingeschaltet, wenn sie zuvor eingeschaltet war.
Achtung
9HUEUHQQXQJVJHIDKU,P%HWULHEVLQGGLHPHWDOOLVFKHQ7HLOHQXQGGDV*ODVVKHL0DQGDUI
QXUGHQ7UJULIIDQIDVVHQ8PGDV5RVWRGHUGHQ)HWWDEIlQJHU]XHQWIHUQHQYHUZHQGHQ6LH
.RFKKDQGVFKXKHRGHU*HVFKLUUWFKHUXPGLH*HIDKUYRQ9HUEUHQQXQJHQ]XYHUPHLGHQ
8PGHQ.RUERGHUGHQ6SLH]XHQWIHUQHQYHUZHQGHQ6LHGLHPLWJHOLHIHUWH*DEHOXPGLH
*HIDKUYRQ9HUEUHQQXQJHQ]XYHUPHLGHQ%HUKUHQ6LHGLH+HL]HOHPHQWHQLFKW
'HQ6WHFNHUDXVGHU1HW]VWHFNGRVH]LHKHQ
'LH.ODSSH|IIQHQ
Achtung
9HUEUHQQXQJVJHIDKU %HLP gIIQHQ GHU *HUlWHWU N|QQHQ DXFK KHLH /XIW XQG 'DPSI
HQWZHLFKHQ+lQGHXQG*HVLFKWYRP*DUUDXPIHUQKDOWHQ
8PGHQ*ULOORGHUGHQ)HWWDEIlQJHU]XHQWIHUQHQYHUZHQGHQ6LH+DQGVFKXKHRGHU*HVFKLUUWFKHU
'LH/HEHQVPLWWHOQDXIHLQ7HOOHUJHEHQ6HUYLHUHQ
:lKUHQG GHV *DUHQV OHXFKWHW GLH 7HPSHUDWXUDQ]HLJH UHJHOPlLJ 'LHV ]HLJW GLH
7KHUPRVWDWHLQJULIIH DQ GLH GLH ULFKWLJH .RFKWHPSHUDWXU VLFKHUQ 8P GLH =HLW XQG 7HPSHUDWXU
ZlKUHQGGHV*DUHQV]XlQGHUQYHUZHQGHQ6LHGLH'UHKNQ|SIH
Gekochte Zutaten sollen leicht gebräunt, nicht schwarz oder braun aussehen. Die
eventuellen Verbrennungsreste aus den Lebensmitteln entfernen.
8P GLH JURHQ RGHU ]HUEUHFKOLFKHQ /HEHQVPLWWHOQ DXV GHP .RUE KHUDXV]X]LHKHQ JHHLJQHWH
/HEHQVPLWWHO]DQJHQYHUZHQGHQ
:HQQ6LHPLWGHP.RFKHQGHU/HEHQVPLWWHOQIHUWLJVLQGNDQQGDV*HUlW]XU9RUEHUHLWXQJDQGHUHU
/HEHQVPLWWHOQYHUZHQGHWZHUGHQ
Vorbereitungsratschläge
(YHQWXHOONDQQPDQGDV*HUlWRKQH=XWDWHQYRUZlUPHQ
'LHNOHLQHUHQ/HEHQVPLWWHOQEUDXFKHQHLQHNU]HUH.RFK]HLWLP9HUJOHLFK]XGHQJU|HUHQ
(LQH JU|HUH 0HQJH DQ =XWDWHQ HUIRUGHUW HLQH HWZDV OlQJHUH =XEHUHLWXQJV]HLW ZlKUHQG HLQH
JHULQJHUHU0HQJHHLQHHWZDVJHULQJHUH=HLWEHQ|WLJW
52
DE
'DV 0LVFKHQ GHU NOHLQHUHQ =XWDWHQ EHL GHU +lOIWH GHU .RFK]HLW YHUHLQIDFKW HLQ JOHLFKPlLJHV
.RFKHUJHEQLV
)U HLQ NQXVSULJHV (UJHEQLV GLH IULVFKHQ RGHU JHIURUHQHQ .DUWRIIHOQ YRU GHP .RFKHQ PLW gO
EHVWUHLFKHQ
'LHLP2IHQYRU]XEHUHLWHQGHQ6QDFNVN|QQHQDXFKLQGHU/XIW)ULWWHXVHJHNRFKWZHUGHQ
'LHLGHDOH0HQJHIUGLH=XEHUHLWXQJYRQNQXVSULJHQ3RPPHV)ULWWHVLVWHWZD*UDPP
9HUZHQGHQ6LH IHUWLJH7HLJZDUHQXPJHIOOWH 6QDFNV OHLFKW XQGVFKQHOO YRU]XEHUHLWHQ )HUQHU
NRFKHQGLHVFKRQIHUWLJH7HLJZDUHQVFKQHOOHUDOVGLH+DXVJHPDFKWHQ
.RFKHQ6LHNHLQH]XIHWWKDOWLJHQ/HEHQVPLWWHO
6LHN|QQHQGDV*HUlW]XP(UZlUPHQYRQYRUJHNRFKWHQ/HEHQVPLWWHOQYHUZHQGHQ6WHOOHQ6LHGLH
7HPSHUDWXUDXI&IU0LQXWHQHLQ
Voreingestellte Programme
'LH QDFKIROJHQGH 7DEHOOH ]HLJW GLH YRUHLQJHVWHOOWHQ 3URJUDPPH DQ GLH DXI GHP %HGLHQIHOG
YRUKDQGHQVLQG
7HPSHUDWXU& =HLWPLQ
gefrorene Pommes
Frites
6LJNHLWHQ
Fisch
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6SLHH
5RWÀHLVFK
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DE
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*DUWHPSHUDWXUXQG]HLWMHQDFK$UWGHU6SHLVHQHLQJHVWHOOW'LH.RFK]HLWLVWLQGLNDWLYXQGKlQJW
YRQGHU'LFNHXQGGHU0HQJHGHU/HEHQVPLWWHOQ DE 6LH N|QQHQ GLH =HLWXQG7HPSHUDWXUGHU
YRUHLQJHVWHOOWHQ.RFKSURJUDPPHDXFKlQGHUQ
Mindeste oder
maximale
Menge (gr)
Zeit
(min) Temperatur
(°C) Informationen
Kartoffeln und Pommes
Frittes
*HIURUHQHGQQ
geschnittene Pommes
Frittes
*HIURUHQHGLFNJHVFKQLW-
tene Pommes Frittes
Kartoffelgratin
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Snacks
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gets 9RUJHNRFKWH
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Panierte, gefrorene
Lebensmitteln
.lVHVQDFNV 9RUJHNRFKWH
/HEHQVPLWWHO
YHUZHQGHQ
*HIOOWH*HPVH
54
DE
Mindeste oder
maximale
Menge (gr)
Zeit
(min) Temperatur
(°C) Informationen
Backwaren
7RUWHQ (LQ%DFNEOHFK
YHUZHQGHQ
4XLFKH (LQ%DFNEOHFK
3\UH[6FKVVHO
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Lebensmittel-Trock-
nung
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6WXQGHQ
9HUZHQGHQ6LHGLH
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5RVWH-
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:LUG GLH 7U ZlKUHQG GHV *DUHQV JH|IIQHW VFKDOWHW VLFK GDV *HUlW DXWRPDWLVFK DXV %HL
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DXWRPDWLVFKHLQJHVFKDOWHW
BRATEN MIT BRATENSPIESS
(QWIHUQHQ6LHGDV*ULOOURVW-'HQ)HWWDEIlQJHU.DXIGLHXQWHUVWH(EHQHGHV*DUUDXPV
VWHOOHQ$EE
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6FKLHEHQ6LHHLQH*OHLWJDEHODXIGHP6SLH0PLWGHQ]ZHL6SLW]HQ]XU,QQHQVHLWHXQG
VFKUDXEHQ6LHGLHVHIHVW$EE0LWHWZDV6FKQXUGHQ%UDWHQ)OHLVFK+XKQXVZELQGHQ
XQG LKQ GXUFKVWLHHQ GDEHL DXISDVVHQ GDV )OHLVFK JXW ]X ]HQWULHUHQ 'LH ]ZHLWH *DEHO
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55
DE
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6SLHGUHKXQJ2
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KOCHEN MIT DEN KORB
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(VEHVWHKWGLH*HIDKUGDVV/HEHQVPLWWHOLQGHQ*DUUDXPIDOOHQ:lKUHQGGHU'UHKXQJNDQQ
GLHLP.RUEHQWKDOWHQH6SHLVHKHUXQWHUIDOOHQhEHUSUIHQ6LHREGLH.RUEWUJHVFKORVVHQLVW
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VWHOOHQ$EE
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6SLHGUHKXQJ2
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REINIGUNG UND WARTUNG
Achtung
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-HGHU(LQJULIIVROOEHLPNDOWHQ*HUlWHUIROJHQ
Achtung
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Achtung
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56
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.HLQH6FKHXHUPLWWHOIUGLH5HLQLJXQJGHV*HUlWHVYHUZHQGHQ
Reinigung des Geräts
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7XFKWURFNQHQ
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Achtung
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$XHQPLWHLQHPZHLFKHQ7XFKZLVFKHQ
Reinigung der Bestandteile
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59
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A PROPÓSITO DE ESTE MANUAL
$XQTXHORVDSDUDWRVKD\DQVLGRUHDOL]DGRVVHJ~QODV1RUPDWLYDVHXURSHDVHVSHFL¿FDVYLJHQWHV\
HVWpQSRUORWDQWRSURWHJLGRVHQWRGDVODVSDUWHVSRWHQFLDOPHQWHSHOLJURVDVOHDFRQDWHQFLyQHVWDV
DGYHUWHQFLDV\XWLOLFHHODSDUDWRVyORSDUDHOXVRDOTXHKDVLGRGHVWLQDGRSDUDHYLWDUDFFLGHQWHV
\GDxRV0DQWHQJDVLHPSUHDODOFDQFHHVWHPDQXDOSDUDIXWXUDVFRQVXOWDV6LTXLHUHFHGHUHVWH
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USO PREVISTO
6HSXHGHXWLOL]DUHODSDUDWRSDUDFRFLQDUORVDOLPHQWRV(ODSDUDWRQRHVDGHFXDGRSDUDFRFLQDU
DOLPHQWRVOtTXLGRV&XDOTXLHURWURXVRGHODSDUDWRQRHVWiSUHYLVWRSRUHOIDEULFDQWHTXHVHH[LPH
GHWRGDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGSRUGDxRVGHFXDOTXLHUWLSRFDXVDGRVSRUXQXVRLPSURSLRGHODSDUDWR
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RIESGOS RESTANTES
Atención
3HOLJURGHHOHFWURFXFLyQ1XQFDVXPHUMDHODSDUDWRHQDJXDQLHQRWURVOtTXLGRV
Atención
3HOLJURGHTXHPDGXUDV1RWRTXHODEDQGHMDGHJRWHRHODVDGRUODFHVWD
\ODVSDUWHVPHWiOLFDVGHODSDUDWRHQORVPLQXWRVTXHVLJXHQVXDSDJDGR
(VSHUDUDTXHODVSDUWHVFDOLHQWHVVHHQIUtHQ
ADVERTENCIAS DE SEGURIDAD
LEA ATENTAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES.
(VWHDSDUDWRHVWi GHVWLQDGR DXQDXWLOL]DFLyQGRPpVWLFDRVLPLODUFRPRSRU
HMHPSOR
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60
ES
FRQFLHUQHORVGDxRVFDXVDGRVSRUXQHPEDODMHQRDGHFXDGRGHOSURGXFWRDO
PRPHQWRGHOHQYtRDXQ&HQWURGH$VLVWHQFLD$XWRUL]DGR
(OXVRGHDFFHVRULRVQRDFRQVHMDGRVRQRSURSRUFLRQDGRVSRUHOFRQVWUXFWRU
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SHUVRQDV
(ODSDUDWRFXPSOHFRQHOUHJODPHQWR(&1GHOUHODWLYR
DORVPDWHULDOHVHQFRQWDFWRFRQDOLPHQWRV
Peligro para los niños
/RVQLxRVPD\RUHVGHDxRV\ODVSHUVRQDVFRQFDSDFLGDGHVItVLFDVVHQVR-
ULDOHVRPHQWDOHVOLPLWDGDVRFRQHVFDVRVH[SHULHQFLDRFRQRFLPLHQWRSXHGHQ
XWLOL]DUHVWHDSDUDWRVyOREDMRYLJLODQFLDRGHVSXpVGHKDEHUVLGRLQVWUXLGRVVR-
EUHHOXVRVHJXURGHODSDUDWR\VXVSRVLEOHVSHOLJURV
/RVQLxRVQRGHEHQMXJDUFRQHODSDUDWR
/DVRSHUDFLRQHVGHOLPSLH]D\PDQWHQLPLHQWRSRUHOXVXDULRQRGHEHQVHUHIHF-
WXDGDVSRUORVQLxRVDPHQRVTXHVHDQPD\RUHVGHDxRV\HVWpQYLJLODGRV
0DQWHQJDHODSDUDWR\HOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQIXHUDGHODOFDQFHGHORVQLxRV
PHQRUHVGHDxRV
&RORTXHHODSDUDWRGHPDQHUDTXHORVQLxRVQRSXHGDQOOHJDUDODVSDUWHVFD-
OLHQWHV
/RVHOHPHQWRVGHOHPEDODMHQRVHGHEHQGHMDUDODOFDQFHGHORVQLxRV\DTXH
SRGUtDQRULJLQDUSHOLJURV
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UDWRTXHSXHGDQRULJLQDUSHOLJURHVSHFLDOPHQWHSDUDORVQLxRVTXHSRGUtDQXWLOL]DUOR
SDUDVXVMXHJRV
Advertencia relativa a quemaduras
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ODSXHUWDGXUDQWHHOXVR\HQORVPLQXWRVTXHVLJXHQVXDSDJDGR7RTXHVyOROD
PDQLMDGHODSXHUWD(VSHUDUDTXHODVSDUWHVFDOLHQWHVVHHQIUtHQ
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61
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PDQRV\HOURVWURDOHMDGRVGHODSXHUWD
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Peligro debido a electricidad
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1RXVHHODSDUDWRVLHOFDEOHHOpFWULFRRHOHQFKXIHHVWiQGDxDGRVRVLHOPLVPR
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(ODSDUDWR\HOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQQRGHEHQHQWUDUHQFRQWDFWRFRQVXSHU¿-
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Atención – daños materiales
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VHSRGUiOLPSLDUHODSDUDWRH[FOXVLYDPHQWHFRQXQSDxRQRDEUDVLYRDSHQDV
KXPHGHFLGRFRQDJXD1RXWLOLFHVROYHQWHVTXHGDxHQODVSDUWHVGHSOiVWLFR
62
ES
1RFRORTXHHODSDUDWRFHUFDGHPDWHULDOHVLQÀDPDEOHVWHODVFRUWLQDV
$QWHVGHJXDUGDUHODSDUDWRGHVFRQHFWHVLHPSUHHOHQFKXIHGHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQ-
WDFLyQGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH(VSHUHTXHODVSDUWHVFDOLHQWHVHVWpQIUtDV
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1RXVHHODSDUDWRHQXQHVSDFLRDODLUHOLEUH
1RGHVPRQWHHODSDUDWR1RKD\SDUWHVLQWHUQDVTXHVHXWLOLFHQRTXHKD\DTXH
OLPSLDU
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Peligro de daños debidos a otras causas
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1RGHMHVLQYLJLODQFLDHODSDUDWRPLHQWUDVHVWpFRQHFWDGRDODUHGHOpFWULFD
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3DUDODHOLPLQDFLyQFRUUHFWDGHOSURGXFWRVHJ~QOD'LUHFWLYD(XURSHD
8(VHUXHJDOHHUODKRMDUHODFLRQDGDDQH[DDOSURGXFWR
GUARDE SIEMPRE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES.
ES
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL APARATO
A - &XHUSRGHODSDUDWR L - Cesta
B - &RPSDUWLPHQWRGHFRFFLyQ M - 6RSRUWHSDUDDVDGRU
C - &DEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ N - 3LQFKRGHH[WUDFFLyQGHOVRSRUWHSDUDDVDGRU\GH
la cesta
'3XHUWD 2%RWyQGHURWDFLyQGHODFHVWDFRQWHVWLJRVOXPLQR-
sos
E - Mango WHVWLJRGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
)6RSRUWHPRWRUL]DGRL]TXLHUGR ERWyQWHVWLJR GH URWDFLyQ GH OD FHVWDVRSRUWH
DVDGRU\GHHQFHQGLGRGHODOX]LQWHUQD
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+%RWyQGHGHVEORTXHRGHODSXHUWD 36HOHFWRUGHSURJUDPDFLyQGHOWLHPSRGHFRFFLyQ
I - Mango para el transporte Q - 0DQGRSDUDODUHJXODFLyQGHODWHPSHUDWXUD
- 5HMLOODSLH]DV 57RPDGHDLUH
K - %DQGHMDGHJRWHR
'DWRVGHLGHQWLÀFDFLyQ
(QODSODFDVLWXDGDGHEDMRGHODEDVHGHDSR\RGHODSDUDWRHVWiQPHQFLRQDGRVORVVLJXLHQWHV
GDWRVGHLGHQWL¿FDFLyQGHODSDUDWR
FRQVWUXFWRU\PDUFD&(
PRGHOR0RG
QGHPDWUtFXOD61
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SRWHQFLDHOpFWULFDDEVRUELGD:
QXPHURYHUGHDVLVWHQFLD
(QODVHYHQWXDOHVVROLFLWDFLRQHVDORV&HQWURVGH$VLVWHQFLD$XWRUL]DGRVLQGLTXHHOPRGHOR\HO
Q~PHURGHPDWUtFXOD
ANTES DE UTILIZAR EL APARATO
Atención
3HOLJURGHGDxRVPDWHULDOHV1RFXEUDODVSDUWHVLQWHUQDVGHODSDUDWRFRQSDSHOGHDOXPLQLR
SDUDHYLWDUGDxDUVHULDPHQWHHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOWHUPRVWDWR
5HWLUHORVPDWHULDOHVGHHPEDODMHGHODSDUDWR
&RORFDUHODSDUDWRVREUHXQDVXSHU¿FLHKRUL]RQWDO\OHMRVGHODJXD(ODSDUDWRVHGHEHXWLOL]DU\
JXDUGDUHQXQDVXSHU¿FLHHVWDEOH\UHVLVWHQWHDODVDOWDVWHPSHUDWXUDV
- 'HVHQUROOHFRPSOHWDPHQWHHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
Controle que la tensión de la red doméstica sea igual que la indicada en la tarjeta con los
datos técnicos del aparato.
64
ES
Atención
3HOLJURGHGDxRVPDWHULDOHV&RORFDUHODSDUDWRDXQDGLVWDQFLDPtQLPDGHFPGHSDUHGHV
PXHEOHVXRWURVDSDUDWRV
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/\HODVDGRU0/DVUHMLOODVODEDQGHMDGHJRWHRODFHVWD\HODVDGRUVHSXHGHQODYDUHQHO
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9HUHOSiUUDIR/LPSLH]DGHODSDUDWR
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HOLPLQDUHORORUDQXHYR
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DPELHQWHDLUHDGRGXUDQWHDOPHQRVPLQXWRV
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KXPRQRKD\TXHSUHRFXSDUVHHVSHUIHFWDPHQWHQRUPDO\DTXHDOJXQDVSDUWHVKDQVLGROL-
geramente engrasadas, después de poco tiempo el fenómeno desaparece. Esto no afectará
al funcionamiento del aparato.
INSTRUCCIONES DE USO
Atención
3HOLJURGHGDxRVPDWHULDOHV
1RLQWURGX]FDDOLPHQWRVTXHSXHGHQJRWHDUGXUDQWHODFRFFLyQ
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FRFFLyQGHORVHYHQWXDOHVUHVWRVGHDOLPHQWRVRPLJDVDQWHVGHFDGDXVR
3HOLJURGHURWXUDGHOFULVWDO1RYLHUWDDJXDVREUHHOFULVWDOGHODSXHUWDFXDQGRHVWiFDOLHQWH
1RDSR\HQLQJ~QREMHWRVREUHHOFULVWDOGHODSXHUWDFXDQGRHVWiDELHUWD
1RFRORTXHQLQJ~QREMHWRVREUHHODSDUDWRGXUDQWHVXIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
Atención
3HOLJURGHHOHFWURFXFLyQ1RSRQJDWHQHGRUHVXRWURVXWHQVLOLRVGHQWURGHODSDUDWR(VWD
RSHUDFLyQSXHGHGDxDUODVUHVLVWHQFLDVGHOGLVSRVLWLYR\FUHDUXQSHOLJURGHFKRTXHHOpFWULFR
Atención
3HOLJURGHTXHPDGXUDV'XUDQWHHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRODVSLH]DVPHWiOLFDV\GHYLGULRHVWiQ
FDOLHQWHVWRTXHVyORODPDQLMDGHODSXHUWD
1RFDOLHQWHQLQJ~QDOLPHQWRHQVXSURSLRHQYDVHERWHOODFDMDHWF
&RORTXHORVDOLPHQWRVTXHVHFRFLQDQHQODUHMLOOD-RHQODEDQGHMDGHJRWHR.(VSRVLEOH
XWLOL]DUXQDVRODUHMLOOD)LJRODVWUHVUHMLOODVVLPXOWiQHDPHQWH)LJ
65
ES
%DQGHMDGHJRWHRSDUDDVDUKRUQHDUGRUDU,GHDOSDUDSROORDVD-
GRFDUQHURMDYHUGXUDVJUDWLQDGDVEL]FRFKR\WRGRVORVDOLPHQ-
WRVKRUQHDGRV
5HMLOODSLH]DVSDUDVHFDUIUHtUFRQDLUHGRUDUWRVWDU,GHDO
SDUDSDQSDWDWDVFDUQHSHVFDGRIUXWDVYHUGXUDV
3DUDWRGRVORVDOLPHQWRVTXHSXHGHQJRWHDUGXUDQWHODFRFFLyQ
FRQUHMLOODFRORTXHODEDQGHMDGHJRWHRHQHOQLYHOPiVEDMR
Si cocina los alimentos con aceite, utilice dos hojas de papel de aluminio para evitar sal-
picaduras de aceite caliente en las resistencias del compartimento de cocción. Ponga una
KRMDHQODEDQGHMDGHJRWHRRHQODUHMLOOD\FRQODRWUDFXEUDORVDOLPHQWRV
6LXVWHGHVWiFRFLQDQGRODFRPLGDFRQODUHMLOODRFRQODFHVWDGLVWULEX\DXQLIRUPHPHQWHHO
DFHLWHHQORVDOLPHQWRVSDUDTXHTXHGHQPiVFUXMLHQWHV\GRUDGRV. Posteriormente, coloque
los alimentos a cocinar en la rejilla o en la cesta.
Si cocina los alimentos con la rejilla, con el asador o con la cesta, ponga también la bandeja de
goteo en el nivel más bajo del compartimento de cocción para recoger las grasas. Para evitar
humos, olores e incrustaciones es aconsejable verter un poco de agua en la bandeja de goteo.
(VSRVLEOHSUHFDOHQWDUORVDOLPHQWRVSRUXQRVPLQXWRVDQWHVGHSURJUDPDUHOWLHPSRGHFRF-
FLyQRELHQDxDGLUGLUHFWDPHQWHHOWLHPSRGHFDOHQWDPLHQWRDOGHFRFFLyQ
&RORTXHODUHMLOOD-RODEDQGHMDGHJRWHR.FRQORVDOLPHQWRVSUHSDUDGRVSUHYLDPHQWH
GHQWURGHOFRPSDUWLPHQWRGHFRFFLyQ
Coloque la rejilla o la bandeja de goteo de manera que los alimentos estén a una distancia
de al menos 2 cm de las resistencias posicionadas en la parte superior del compartimento
de cocción.
No sobrecargue las rejillas, la bandeja de goteo o la cesta con muchos alimentos. Respete
la cantidad máxima permitida indicada en la tabla.
(QFKXIHODFODYLMDHQODWRPDGHFRUULHQWHHOpFWULFDTXHGHEHHVWDUHTXLSDGDFRQSXHVWDD
WLHUUD
3DUDHQFHQGHUHODSDUDWRJLUHHOSRPRGHOWHPSRUL]DGRU36HOHFFLRQHHOWLHPSRGHFRFFLyQ
GHVHDGR(OWHPSRUL]DGRUHVDMXVWDEOHKDVWDPLQXWRV
(OLQGLFDGRUGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR VHHQFLHQGH\HOKRUQRHPSLH]DODFRFFLyQ$O¿QDOGHO
WLHPSRSURJUDPDGRHOLQGLFDGRUOXPLQRVRVHDSDJD
*LUHHOPDQGRGHFRQWUROGHODWHPSHUDWXUD46HOHFFLRQHODWHPSHUDWXUDGHFRFFLyQGHVHD-
GD(OLQWHUYDORGHWHPSHUDWXUDHVGHJUDGRV
66
ES
(OLQGLFDGRUGHWHPSHUDWXUDOLVWD VHHQFLHQGH&XDQGRHODSDUDWRDOFDQ]DUODWHPSHUDWXUD
GHVHDGDHOLQGLFDGRUOXPLQRVR VHDSDJD
'XUDQWHODFRFFLyQHVSRVLEOHHQFHQGHUODOX]LQWHUQDDWUDYpVGHODWHFOD2
$OSRQHUVHHQIXQFLRQDPLHQWRHODSDUDWRODYHQWLODFLyQWDPELpQDUUDQFDDXWRPiWLFDPHQWH(ODLUH
FDOLHQWHYHQWLODGRDVHJXUDXQDGLVWULEXFLyQXQLIRUPHGHODWHPSHUDWXUD\SHUPLWHXQDFRFFLyQXQL-
IRUPHHQYDULDVDOWXUDVDODYH]VLQPH]FODUORVRORUHV
(ODSDUDWRVHSXHGHSRQHUHQSDXVDGXUDQWHHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRSRUHMHPSORSDUDPH]FODUORV
LQJUHGLHQWHVGXUDQWHHOSURFHVRGHFRFFLyQ
Atención
3HOLJURGHGDxRVPDWHULDOHV1RSRQJDWHQHGRUHVXRWURVXWHQVLOLRVGHQWURGHODSDUDWR(VWD
RSHUDFLyQSXHGHGDxDUODVUHVLVWHQFLDVGHOGLVSRVLWLYR\FUHDUXQSHOLJURGHFKRTXHHOpFWULFR
3DUDDSDJDUHODSDUDWRJLUHHOSRPRGHOWHPSRUL]DGRU3HQODSRVLFLyQ/DVUHVLVWHQFLDVVH
DSDJDQ
$O¿QDOGHODFRFFLyQHODSDUDWRHPLWHXQDVHxDODF~VWLFD\VHDSDJD6LORVLQJUHGLHQWHVQRHVWiQ
OLVWRVYXHOYDVLPSOHPHQWHDLQWURGXFLUWRGRHQHOFRPSDUWLPHQWRGHFRFFLyQ\SURJUDPHHOWHPSR-
UL]DGRUSRUXQRVPLQXWRV
El dispositivo está equipado con la función de apagado automático. Si durante la cocción
VHDEUHODSXHUWDODVUHVLVWHQFLDV\ODOX]LQWHUQDVHDSDJDQDXWRPiWLFDPHQWH&XDQGRVH
YXHOYHDFHUUDUODSXHUWDHODSDUDWRUHDQXGDHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRQRUPDO\ODOX]LQWHUQDVH
enciende automáticamente, si previamente había sido activada.
Atención
3HOLJURGHTXHPDGXUDV'XUDQWHHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRODVSLH]DVPHWiOLFDV\GHYLGULRHVWiQFD-
OLHQWHVWRTXHVyORODPDQLMDGHODSXHUWD3DUDH[WUDHUODUHMLOODRODEDQGHMDGHJRWHRXWLOLFH
JXDQWHVRSDxRVSDUDHYLWDUTXHPDGXUDV3DUDTXLWDUODFHVWDRHODVDGRUXWLOLFHHOSLQFKR
HQGRWDFLyQSDUDHYLWDUTXHPDGXUDV1RWRTXHODVUHVLVWHQFLDV
'HVFRQHFWHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
$EULUODSXHUWD
Atención
3HOLJURGHTXHPDGXUDV$ODEULUODSXHUWDGHODSDUDWRWDPELpQVDOHQDLUH\YDSRUFDOLHQWHV
0DQWHQJDODVPDQRV\HOURVWURDOHMDGRVGHOFRPSDUWLPHQWRGHFRFFLyQ
3DUDH[WUDHUODUHMLOODRODEDQGHMDGHJRWHRXWLOLFHJXDQWHVRSDxRV
9LHUWDORVDOLPHQWRVHQXQSODWR6HUYLUHQODPHVD
'XUDQWHODFRFFLyQVHQRWDUiTXHHOLQGLFDGRUGHODWHPSHUDWXUD VHHQFLHQGH\VHDSDJD
SHULyGLFDPHQWH(VWRHVGHELGRDTXHHOWHUPRVWDWRLQWHUYLHQHSDUDPDQWHQHUODWHPSHUDWXUDGH
FRFFLyQFRUUHFWD3DUDFDPELDUHOWLHPSR\ODWHPSHUDWXUDGXUDQWHHOSURFHVRGHFRFFLyQXWLOLFH
ORVSRPRVGHFRQWURO
/RVLQJUHGLHQWHVFRFLQDGRVGHEHQVHUGRUDGRV\QRPDUURQHVRQHJURV(OLPLQHGHORV
alimentos los eventuales restos de quemado.
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&XDQGRKD\DWHUPLQDGRGHFRFLQDUORVLQJUHGLHQWHVHODSDUDWRVHSXHGHYROYHUDXWLOL]DULQPHGLD-
WDPHQWHSDUDSUHSDUDURWURVDOLPHQWRV
67
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Consejos de preparación
6LORGHVHDSXHGHSUHFDOHQWDUHODSDUDWRVLQLQJUHGLHQWHV
/RVLQJUHGLHQWHVPiVSHTXHxRVQHFHVLWDQXQWLHPSRGHFRFFLyQXQSRFRPiVFRUWRFRQUHVSHFWR
DORVLQJUHGLHQWHVPiVJUDQGHV
8QDFDQWLGDGPD\RUGHLQJUHGLHQWHVQHFHVLWDXQWLHPSRGHSUHSDUDFLyQXQSRFRPiVODUJRPLHQ-
WUDVTXHXQDFDQWLGDGPHQRUXQWLHPSRXQSRFRPiVFRUWR
$xDGLUORVLQJUHGLHQWHVPiVSHTXHxRVDPHGLRFRFHURSWLPL]DHOUHVXOWDGR¿QDO\FRQWULEX\HDXQD
FRFFLyQXQLIRUPH
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/DVWDSDVSDUDFRFHUHQHOKRUQRWDPELpQVHSXHGHQFRFLQDUHQODIUHLGRUDGHDLUH
/DFDQWLGDGySWLPDSDUDSUHSDUDUXQDVSDWDWDVIULWDVFUXMLHQWHVHVGHXQRVJUDPRV
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SUHSDUDGDVFXHFHQPiVUiSLGDPHQWHTXHODVFDVHUDV
1RFRFLQHDOLPHQWRVGHPDVLDGRJUDVRV
6HSXHGHXWLOL]DUHODSDUDWRSDUDFDOHQWDUDOLPHQWRV\DFRFLGRV$MXVWHODWHPSHUDWXUDD&SRU
XQWLHPSRGHPLQXWRV
Programas preestablecidos
/DWDEODVLJXLHQWHLQGLFDORVSURJUDPDVSUHHVWDEOHFLGRVSUHVHQWHVHQHOSDQHOGHFRQWURO
7HPSHUDWXUD& 7LHPSRPLQ
SDWDWDVIULWDVFRQJHODGDV
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pollo
68
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FUXVWiFHRV
&DGDVtPERORFRUUHVSRQGHDXQSURJUDPDGHFRFFLyQ(OSURJUDPDHVWiFRQ¿JXUDGRFRQXQD
WHPSHUDWXUD\XQWLHPSRGHFRFFLyQUHFRPHQGDGRVHJ~QHOWLSRGHDOLPHQWR(OWLHPSRGHFRFFLyQ
HVDSUR[LPDWLYRWDPELpQGHSHQGHGHOHVSHVRU\GHODFDQWLGDGGHFRPLGDEVSRVLEOHWDPELpQ
FDPELDUHOWLHPSR\ODWHPSHUDWXUDGHORVSURJUDPDVGHFRFFLyQSUHHVWDEOHFLGRV
Cantidad
min-máx (g) Tiempo
(min) Temperatura
(ºC) informaciones
3DWDWDV\SDWDWDVIULWDV
3DWDWDVIULWDVFRUWDGDV
¿QDVFRQJHODGDV
3DWDWDV¿QDVFRUWDGDV
HVSHVDVFRQJHODGDV
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Filete
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+DPEXUJXHVDV
5ROOLWRVGHVDOFKLFKD
0XVORVGHSROOR
3HFKXJDGHSROOR
Pollo
Aperitivos
5ROOLWRVSULPDYHUD 8WLOL]DUSURGXFWRV
SUHFRFLGRV
1XJJHWVGHSROORFRQJH-
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8WLOL]DUSURGXFWRV
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FRQJHODGDV
8WLOL]DUSURGXFWRV
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Alimentos empanados
congelados
7HQWHPSLpVGHTXHVR 8WLOL]DUSURGXFWRV
SUHFRFLGRV
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69
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Cantidad
min-máx (g) Tiempo
(min) Temperatura
(ºC) informaciones
Alimentos horneados
7DUWDV 8WLOLFHXQDEDQGHMDGH
horno
4XLFKH 8WLOLFHXQDEDQGHMDGH
KRUQRXQDIXHQWHSDUD
hornear
0XI¿QVPDJGDOHQDV 8WLOLFHXQDEDQGHMDGH
horno
7HQWHPSLpVGXOFHV 8WLOLFHXQDEDQGHMDGH
KRUQRXQDIXHQWHSDUD
hornear
Secado de alimentos
)UXWDVYHUGXUDVFDUQH
SHVFDGRSDQ
horas 8WLOLFHODVWUHVUHMLOODV
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Función de autoapagado
(VWHDSDUDWRHVWiHTXLSDGRFRQXQWHPSRUL]DGRU&XDQGRHOWHPSRUL]DGRUOOHJDDHODSDUDWR
VXHQD\VHDSDJDDXWRPiWLFDPHQWH(OVLVWHPDGHYHQWLODFLyQVHDSDJDXQRVVHJXQGRVGHVSXpV
6LVHDEUHODSXHUWDGXUDQWHHOSURFHVRGHFRFFLyQHODSDUDWRVHDSDJDUiDXWRPiWLFDPHQWH&XDQ-
GRVHYXHOYHDFHUUDUODSXHUWDHODSDUDWRUHDQXGDHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRQRUPDO\ODOX]LQWHUQDVH
HQFLHQGHDXWRPiWLFDPHQWH
COCCIÓN CON ASADOR
5HWLUHODUHMLOOD-&RORTXHODEDQGHMDGHJRWHR.HQHOQLYHOPiVEDMRGHOFRPSDUWLPHQWRGH
FRFFLyQ)LJ
3DUDWRGRVORVDOLPHQWRVTXHVHFRFLQDQFRQHODVDGRUFRORTXH
ODEDQGHMDGHJRWHRHQHOQLYHOPiVEDMR
+DJDGHVOL]DUXQRGHORVSLQFKRVHQHODVDGRU0ODVGRVSXQWDVKDFLDHOLQWHULRU\HQ-
UyVTXHORSDUDEORTXHDUOR)LJ$WHFRQXQDFXHUGDHODVDGRFDUQHSROORHWF\StQFKHOR
DVHJXUiQGRVHGHTXHODFDUQHHVWiELHQFHQWUDGD'HVOLFHHOVHJXQGRSLQFKRVLHPSUHFRQODV
SXQWDVKDFLDHOLQWHULRU6LHVQHFHVDULRGHVHQURVTXHHOSULPHUSLQFKRSDUDFHQWUDUODFDUQHHQ
HODVDGRU\EORTXHHORVGRVSLQFKRV
,QWURGX]FDHOH[WUHPRGHODVDGRUHQODFDYLGDGVLWXDGDHQFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDFRQHOVRSRUWH
PRWRUL]DGRL]TXLHUGR)LJ&RORTXHHOH[WUHPRRSXHVWRHQHOVRSRUWHGHUHFKR)LJ
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70
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DVDGRURGHODFHVWD2
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COCINAR CON LA CESTA
3DUDDEULUODSXHUWDGHODFHVWDOHYDQWHHOJDQFKRKDFLDDUULED)LJ
,QWURGX]FDORVDOLPHQWRV
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3DUDWRGRVORVDOLPHQWRVTXHVHFRFLQDQHQHOPRGRIULWXUDFRQ
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Atención
3HOLJURGHFDtGDGHDOLPHQWRVHQHOFRPSDUWLPHQWRGHFRFFLyQ'XUDQWHODURWDFLyQORVDOLPHQWRV
FRQWHQLGRVGHQWURGHODFHVWDSXHGHQFDHU&RPSUXHEHTXHODSXHUWDGHODFHVWDHVWpFHUUDGD
5HWLUHODUHMLOOD-&RORTXHODEDQGHMDGHJRWHR.HQHOQLYHOPiVEDMRGHOFRPSDUWLPHQWRGH
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LIMPIEZA Y MANTENIMIENTO
Atención
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Atención
3HOLJURGHHOHFWURFXFLyQ1RVXPHUMDQXQFDHODSDUDWRHQDJXDRHQRWURVOtTXLGRV
Atención
3HOLJURGHGDxRVPDWHULDOHV
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FRQUHJXODULGDGDQWHVGHXWLOL]DUOR\HQFDVRGHGDxRVOOpYHORDOFHQWURGHVHUYLFLRPiVFHU-
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71
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Limpieza del aparato
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Atención
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1RODYHHODSDUDWRHQHOODYDSODWRV
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Limpieza de los componentes
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72
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ES
A PROPÓSITO DESTE MANUAL
0HVPRVHRVDSDUHOKRVIRUDPUHDOL]DGRVHPFRQIRUPLGDGHFRPDV1RUPDVHVSHFt¿FDVHXURSHLDV
YLJHQWHVHVmRSRUWDQWRSURWHJLGRVHPWRGDVDVVXDVSDUWHVSRWHQFLDOPHQWHSHULJRVDVGHYHVH
OHUDWHQWDPHQWHHVWHVDYLVRVHXVDURDSDUHOKRVRPHQWHSDUDRXVRDRTXDOIRLGHVWLQDGRSDUD
HYLWDUDFLGHQWHVHGDQRV'HL[DUHVWHPDQXDOVHPSUHDFHVVtYHOSDUDIXWXUDVFRQVXOWDV6HPSUH
TXHGHVHMDUFHGHUHVWHDSDUHOKRDRXWUDVSHVVRDVOHPEUHVHGHLQFOXLUWDPEpPHVWDVLQVWUXo}HV
$VLQIRUPDo}HVDSUHVHQWDGDVQHVWHPDQXDOHVWmRPDUFDGDV FRP RV VHJXLQWHV VtPERORV TXH
LQGLFDP
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3HULJRGHYLGRjHOHFWULFLGDGH
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3HULJRGHGDQRVGHYLGRVDRXWUDVFDXVDV
USO PREVISTO
3RGHVHXVDURDSDUHOKRSDUDFR]LQKDURVDOLPHQWRV2SURGXWRQmRpDSURSULDGRSDUDFR]LQKDU
DOLPHQWRVOtTXLGRV4XDOTXHURXWURXVRGRDSDUHOKRQmRpSUHYLVWRSHORIDEULFDQWHRTXDOQmR
DVVXPHQHQKXPDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHSRUGDQRVGHTXDOTXHUQDWXUH]DJHUDGRVSHORXVRLPSUySULR
GRDSDUHOKR6HRDSDUHOKRIRUPRGL¿FDGRDJDUDQWLDSHUGHUiVXDYDOLGDGH
RISCOS RESÍDUOS
Atenção
3HULJRGHFKRTXHHOpWULFR1mRLPHUJLURDSDUHOKRHPiJXDRXRXWURVOtTXLGRV
Atenção
3HULJR GH TXHLPDGXUDV 1mR WRFDU D EDQGHMD DV JUHOKDV R HVSHWR RX
RFHVWR HDVSDUWHVPHWiOLFDV GRDSDUHOKRQRVPLQXWRV TXHVHJXHPVHX
GHVOLJDPHQWR$JXDUGDURDUUHIHFLPHQWRGDVSDUWHVTXHQWHV
ADVERTÊNCIAS DE SEGURANÇA
LER CUIDADOSAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUÇÕES.
(VWHDSDUHOKRGHVWLQDVHjVDSOLFDo}HVGRPpVWLFDVHVHPHOKDQWHVFRPR
QDV iUHDV RQGH VH SRGH FR]LQKDU HP ORMDV HVFULWyULRV H RXWURV DPELHQWHV
SUR¿VVLRQDLV
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-
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UHVLGHQFLDO
HPDPELHQWHVWLSREHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
1mRVHDVVXPHPTXDLVTXHUWLSRVGHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHSHORXVRLQFRUUHFWRRX
SRUHPSUHJRVGLIHUHQWHVGDTXHOHVSUHYLVWHVSHORSUHVHQWHIROKHWR
5HFRPHQGDVH JXDUGDU D HPEDODJHP RULJLQDO YLVWR TXH QmR p HIHFWXDGD D
74
PT
DVVLVWrQFLDJUDWXLWDSRUGDQRVGHYLGRVjHPEDODJHPQmRDGHTXDGDGRSURGXWR
QRPRPHQWRGRHQYLRGRPHVPRDXP&HQWURGH$VVLVWrQFLDDXWRUL]DGR
$XWLOL]DomRGHDFHVVyULRVQmRUHFRPHQGDGRVRXQmRIRUQHFLGRVSHORIDEULFDQWH
GRDSDUHOKRSRGHFRPSRUWDUULVFRVGHLQFrQGLRFKRTXHHOpFWULFRRXGDQRVD
SHVVRDV
2DSDUHOKRHVWiFRQIRUPHFRPRUHJXODPHQWR(&1RGH
VREUHPDWHULDLVHPFRQWDFWRFRPDOLPHQWRV
Perigo para as crianças
(VWHDSDUHOKRSRGHVHUXVDGRSRUFULDQoDVFRPLGDGHVXSHULRUDDQRVHSRU
SHVVRDVFRPFDSDFLGDGHV ItVLFDVVHQVRULDLVRXPHQWDLVOLPLWDGDVRXSRXFD
H[SHULrQFLD RX FRQKHFLPHQWR VRPHQWH VH REVHUYDGRV H DSyV RULHQWDomR GH
FRPRXWLOL]DUGHPRGRVHJXURRDSDUHOKRHVDEHUTXDLVVmRRVSRVVtYHLVSHULJRV
$VFULDQoDVQmRGHYHPEULQFDUFRPRDSDUHOKR
$VRSHUDo}HVGHOLPSH]DHGHPDQXWHQomRSRUSDUWHGRXWLOL]DGRUQmRGHYHP
VHUHIHWXDGDVSRUFULDQoDVH[FHWRVHHVWDVIRUHPPDLRUHVGHDQRVHDWXDUHP
VRERULHQWDomRGHXPDGXOWR
0DQWHUVHPSUHRDSDUHOKRHRFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRIRUDGRDOFDQFHGHFULDQoDV
GHLGDGHLQIHULRUDDQRV
3RVLFLRQHRDSDUHOKRGHPRGRTXHDVFULDQoDVQmRFRQVLJDPWRFDUDVSDUWHV
TXHQWHV
1mRGHL[DURVHOHPHQWRVGDHPEDODJHPDRDOFDQFHGHFULDQoDVSRLVFRQVWLWXHP
SRWHQFLDLVIRQWHVGHSHULJR
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DTXHGDGRDSDUHOKR
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FDERGHDOLPHQWDomRSDUDTXHQmRSRVVDPDLVIXQFLRQDU5HFRPHQGDPRVID]HUFRP
TXHVXDVSDUWHVVXVFHSWtYHLVDFRQVWLWXLUSHULJRSULQFLSDOPHQWHSDUDFULDQoDVTXH
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Aviso relativo a queimaduras
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SRUWLQKRODGXUDQWHRXVRHQRVPLQXWRVTXHVHJXHPVHXGHVOLJDPHQWR7RFDU
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FRUUHQWHHOpWULFD'HL[DUHVIULDURDSDUHOKRDQWHVGHHIHWXDUDOLPSH]D
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,QVHULURVLQJUHGLHQWHVVHPSUHHVRPHQWHQDVJUHOKDVRXQRFHVWRSDUDHYLWDUR
FRQWDWRHQWUHRVDOLPHQWRVHDVUHVLVWrQFLDVHOpWULFDV
1mRREVWUXLUDVHQWUDGDVGHDU
1mRHQFKHUDEDQGHMDFRPyOHR3HULJRGHLQFrQGLR
'XUDQWHRXVRDUHYDSRUTXHQWHVVDLUmRSHODHQWUDGDGRDU0DQWHUDVPmRVH
75
PT
RURVWRORQJHGDHQWUDGDGRDU
4XDQGRDSRUWLQKRODGRDSDUHOKRIRUDEHUWDRFRUUHUiDVDtGDLQFOXVLYHGHDUH
YDSRUTXHQWHV0DQWHUDVPmRVHRURVWRORQJHGDSRUWLQKROD
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$WHQomRVXSHUItFLHTXHQWH
Perigo devido à electricidade
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LQGLFDGDQDSODFDFRUUHVSRQGDjTXHODGDUHGHORFDO
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GHYHVHYHUL¿FDUDLGRQHLGDGHHOpWULFDGRDSDUHOKRFRQWDFWDQGRXP&HQWURGH
$VVLVWrQFLD7pFQLFD
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1mRLPHUJLURDSDUHOKRHPiJXDRXRXWURVOtTXLGRV
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1mRXVDURDSDUHOKRVHRFDERHOpWULFRRXD¿FKDHVWLYHUHPGDQL¿FDGRVRXVH
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D VXEVWLWXLomR GR FDER GH DOLPHQWDomR GHYHP VHU UHDOL]DGDV VRPHQWH SRU
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1mROLJDUQHQKXPRXWURDSDUHOKRFRPSRWrQFLDHOHYDGDDTXHFHGRUHVIHUURV
GHHQJRPDUUDGLDGRUHVHWFQDPHVPD¿FKDGHFRUUHQWH3HULJRGHVREUHFDUJD
HOpFWULFD
2 DSDUHOKR H R FDER GH DOLPHQWDomR QmR GHYHP HQWUDU HP FRQWDWR FRP
VXSHUItFLHVTXHQWHV
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1mRGHL[DU RFDERGHDOLPHQWDomR HPFRQWDFWRFRPFDQWRV YLYRVRXSDUWHV
FRUWDQWHV
1mRGHVORFDURDSDUHOKRSX[DQGRRSHORFDERGHDOLPHQWDomR
(PFDVRGHWHPSRUDLVGHVOLJDURFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRGDWRPDGDGHFRUUHQWH
Atenção - danos materiais
'HVHQURODUVHPSUHRFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRDQWHVGRXVR
2SURGXWRQmRGHYHVHUDOLPHQWDGRDWUDYpVGHWLPHUVH[WHUQRVRXFRPVLVWHPDV
VHSDUDGRVFRPDQGDGRVjGLVWkQFLD
3DUDQmR FRPSURPHWHU D VHJXUDQoD GRDSDUHOKRXWLOL]DU VRPHQWH SHoDVGH
76
PT
UHSRVLomRHDFHVVyULRVRULJLQDLVDSURYDGRVSHORIDEULFDQWH
$SyVWHUGHVOLJDGRDWRPDGDGRFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRHOpFWULFDGRSRQWRGH
FRUUHQWHHDSyVWRGDVDVSDUWHVWHUHPHVIULDGRRDSDUHOKRSRGHUiVHUOLPSR
H[FOXVLYDPHQWHFRPXPSDQRQmRDEUDVLYRKXPHGHFLGRHPiJXD1XQFDXVDU
VROYHQWHVTXHGDQL¿TXHPDVSDUWHVGHSOiVWLFR
1mRSRVLFLRQDURDSDUHOKRSHUWRGHPDWHULDOLQÀDPiYHOWHFLGRVFRUWLQDV
$QWHVGHJXDUGDURDSDUHOKRGHVOLJDUVHPSUHD¿FKDGRFDERGHDOLPHQWDomR
GDWRPDGDGHFRUUHQWH$JXDUGDURDUUHIHFLPHQWRGDVSDUWHVTXHQWHV
1mRGHL[DURDSDUHOKRH[SRVWRDDJHQWHVDWPRVIpULFRVFKXYDVROHWF
1mRXWLOL]DURDSDUHOKRDFpXDEHUWR
1mRGHVPRQWDURDSDUHOKR1mRKiSDUWHVLQWHUQDVDXWLOL]DURXOLPSDU
&RORFDURDSDUHOKRHPOXJDUFREHUWRIUHVFRHVHFR
Perigo de danos devidos a outras causas
/LJDURDSDUHOKRDSHQDVTXDQGRHVWHHVWLYHUQDSRVLomRGHWUDEDOKR
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HOpFWULFD
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GHVOLJXHVHPSUHRFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRHOpFWULFDGDWRPDGDGHFRUUHQWH
3DUDDHOLPLQDomRFRUUHWDGRSURGXWRQRVWHUPRVGD'LUHWLYD(XURSHLD
(8URJDPRVTXHVHMDOLGRRUHODWLYRIROKHWRTXHDFRPSDQKDRSURGXWR
CONSERVAR ESTAS INSTRUÇÕES.
77
PT
DESCRIÇÃO DO APARELHO
A - &RUSRGRDSDUHOKR L - Cesto
B - FRPSDUWLPHQWRGHFR]HGXUD M - (VSHWRSDUDDVVDGR
C - &DERGHDOLPHQWDomR N - *DUIRSDUDH[WUDLURHVSHWRHRFHVWR
D - Portinhola 2%RWmRGHURWDomRGRFHVWRFRPVLQDOL]DGRUHV
OXPLQRVRV
E - Pega VLQDOL]DGRUOXPLQRVRGHIXQFLRQDPHQWR
)6XSRUWHPRWRUL]DGRHVTXHUGR ERWmRVLQDOL]DGRUGHURWDomRGRFHVWRHVSHWRHGH
DFHQGLPHQWRGDOX]LQWHUQD
*6XSRUWHGLUHLWR VLQDOL]DGRUOXPLQRVRGDWHPSHUDWXUD
+%RWmRGHGHVEORTXHLRGDSRUWLQKROD 30DQtSXORGHSURJUDPDomRGRWHPSRGHFR]HGXUD
I - Pega para transporte Q - %RWmRGHUHJXODomRGDWHPSHUDWXUD
- JUHOKDSHoDV 5(QWUDGDGHDU
K - %DQGHMD
'DGRVGHLGHQWLÀFDomR
1DSODFDFRORFDGDDEDL[RGDEDVHGHDSRLRGRDSDUHOKRHVWmRLQGLFDGRVRVVHJXLQWHVGDGRVGH
LGHQWL¿FDomRGRDSDUHOKR
IDEULFDQWHHPDUFDomR&(
PRGHOR0RG
QGHPDWUtFXOD61
WHQVmRHOpFWULFDGHDOLPHQWDomR9HIUHTXrQFLD+]
SRWrQFLDHOpFWULFDDEVRUYLGD:
Q~PHURYHUGHGHDVVLVWrQFLD
3DUDVROLFLWDo}HVDRV&HQWURVGH$VVLVWrQFLD$XWRUL]DGRVLQGLFDURPRGHORHRQ~PHURGHPDWUtFXOD
ANTES DO USO
Atenção
3HULJRGHGDQRVPDWHULDLV1mRFREULUDVSDUWHVLQWHUQDVGRDSDUHOKRFRPIROKDVGHDOXPtQLR
SDUDHYLWDUGDQRVJUDYHVDRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRWHUPRVWDWR
5HPRYHURVPDWHULDLVGHHPEDODJHPGRDSDUHOKR
3RVLFLRQDURDSDUHOKRVREUHXPDVXSHUItFLHSODQDHORQJHGDiJXD2DSDUHOKRGHYHVHUXWLOL]DGR
HGHL[DGRHPUHSRXVRVREUHXPDVXSHUItFLHHVWiYHOHUHVLVWHQWHDDOWDVWHPSHUDWXUDV
- 'HVHQURODUWRWDOPHQWHRFDERGHDOLPHQWDomR
&HUWLÀFDUVHTXHD WHQVmRGDUHGHGRPpVWLFDVHMDLJXDOjLQGLFDGDQD FKDSDGRVGDGRV
técnicos do aparelho.
Atenção
3HULJRGHGDQRVPDWHULDLV3RVLFLRQDURDSDUHOKRDXPDGLVWkQFLDGHSHORPHQRVFPGDV
SDUHGHVPyYHLVRXRXWURVDSDUHOKRV
1mRDSRLDUQHQKXPREMHWRQDSRUWDTXDQGRHVWDHVWLYHUDEHUWD
78
PT
$QWHVGHXVDURDSDUHOKRSHODSULPHLUDYH]ODYDUDVJUHOKDV-DEDQGHMD.RFHVWR/HR
HVSHWR0DVJUHOKDVDEDQGHMDRFHVWRHRHVSHWRSRGHPVHUODYDGRVQDPiTXLQDODYDORXoD
&RPRDOWHUQDWLYDXWLOL]DUXPGHWHUJHQWHFRPXPSDUDORXoDHXPDHVSRQMDPDFLDQmRDEUDVLYD
&RQVXOWDURSDUiJUDIR³/LPSH]DGRDSDUHOKR´
$RSULPHLURXVRDFRQVHOKDPRVGHL[DURDSDUHOKROLJDGRSRUDOJXQVPLQXWRVSDUDHOLPLQDURFKHLUR
GH³QRYR´
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3DUDOLJDURDSDUHOKRJLUDURPDQtSXORGRWLPHU3)D]HUFRPTXHRDSDUHOKRIXQFLRQHHP
DPELHQWHDUHMDGRSRUSHORPHQRVPLQXWRV
3DUDGHVOLJDURDSDUHOKRJLUDURPDQtSXORGRWLPHU3DWpDSRVLomR
Quando utilizar o aparelho pela primeira vez, pode-se sentir um pouco de cheiro de
IXPDoDQmRVHSUHRFXSHLVWRpSHUIHLWDPHQWHQRUPDOSRLVDOJXPDVSHoDVIRUDPOHYHPHQWH
OXEULÀFDGDVDSyVDOJXPWHPSRLVWRQmRRFRUUHUiPDLV,VWRQmRWHUiQHQKXPHIHLWRVREUH
o funcionamento do aparelho.
INSTRUÇÕES PARA O USO
Atenção
3HULJRGHGDQRVPDWHULDLV
1mRLQVHULUDOLPHQWRVTXHSRGHPSLQJDUGXUDQWHDWRVWDJHP
$OpPGHWRUQDUPDLVGLItFHLVDVRSHUDo}HVGHOLPSH]DSRGHPVHUFDXVDGHLQFrQGLRV$QWHV
GRXVROLPSDURFRPSDUWLPHQWRGHFR]HGXUDHOLPLQDQGRSRVVtYHLVUHVtGXRVGHFRPLGDRX
PLJDOKDV
3HULJRGHUXSWXUDGRYLGUR1mRMRJDUiJXDQRYLGURGDSRUWDTXDQGRHVWDHVWLYHUTXHQWH
1mRDSRLDUQHQKXPREMHWRVREUHRYLGURGDSRUWLQKRODTXDQWRHVWLYHUDEHUWD
1mRSRVLFLRQDUQHQKXPREMHWRVREUHRDSDUHOKRGXUDQWHRVHXIXQFLRQDPHQWR
Atenção
3HULJRGHFKRTXHHOpWULFR1mRLQVHULUJDUIRVRXRXWURVXWHQVtOLRVQRLQWHULRUGRDSDUHOKR
(VWDRSHUDomRSRGHFDXVDUGDQRVjVUHVLVWrQFLDVGRDSDUHOKRHFULDURSHULJRGHFKRTXH
HOpWULFR
Atenção
3HULJRGHTXHLPDGXUDV'XUDQWHRIXQFLRQDPHQWRDVSDUWHVPHWiOLFDVHRYLGURHVWDUmR
TXHQWHVWRFDUVRPHQWHDSHJDGDSRUWD
1mRDTXHFHUQHQKXPDOLPHQWRFRPDSUySULDFRQIHFomRJDUUDIDFDL[DHWF
3RVLFLRQDURVDOLPHQWRVDFR]HUQDJUHOKD-RXGHQWURGDEDQGHMD.eSRVVtYHOXWLOL]DUXPDVy
JUHOKD)LJRXDVRXWUDVWUrVJUHOKDVFRQWHPSRUDQHDPHQWH)LJ
%DQGHMDSDUDDVVDUFR]HUDRIRUQRJUDWLQDU,GHDOSDUDIUDQJR
DVVDGRFDUQHVYHUPHOKDVYHUGXUDVJUDWLQDGDVSmRGHOyHWR-
GDVDVSUHSDUDo}HVSDUDIRUQR
79
PT
JUHOKDSHoDVSDUDVHFDUIULWDUDDUTXHQWHGRXUDUWRVWDU
,GHDOSDUDSmREDWDWDVFDUQHSHL[HIUXWDVYHUGXUDV
3DUDWRGRVRVDOLPHQWRVTXHSRGHPJRWHMDUGXUDQWHDFR]HGXUD
FRPJUHOKDSRVLFLRQDUDEDQGHMDDRQtYHOPDLVEDL[R
No caso de cozedura dos alimentos com óleo, utilizar duas folhas de alumínio para evitar
salpicos de óleo quente nas resistências do compartimento de cozedura. Colocar uma folha
sobre a bandeja ou sobre a grelha e um para cobrir a comida.
No caso de cozedura dos alimentos com grelha ou com o cesto, distribuir uniformemente o
óleo sobre os alimentos para obter uma base estaladiça e dourada. Em seguida, posicionar
os alimentos a preparar sobre a grelha ou no cesto.
No caso de cozedura dos alimentos com a grelha, com o espeto ou com o cesto, inserir
também a bandeja ao nível mais baixo do compartimento de cozedura para recolher as
gorduras. Para evitar fumos, mau cheiro e incrustações, é aconselhável colocar um pouco
de água na bandeja.
eSRVVtYHOSUpDTXHFHURVDOLPHQWRVSRUPLQXWRVDQWHVGHSURJUDPDURWHPSRGHFR]HGXUDRX
SRGHVHDGLFLRQDUGLUHWDPHQWHRWHPSRGHDTXHFLPHQWRDRWHPSRGHFR]HGXUD
3RVLFLRQDUDJUHOKD-RXDEDQGHMD.FRPRVDOLPHQWRVSUHSDUDGRVDQWHULRUPHQWHQRLQWHULRU
GRFRPSDUWLPHQWRGHFR]HGXUD
3RVLFLRQDUDJUHOKDRXDEDQGHMDGHPRGRTXHRVDOLPHQWRVÀTXHPDXPDGLVWkQFLDGHQR
mínimo 2 cm das resistências que se encontram na parte superior do compartimento de
cozedura.
1mR VREUHFDUUHJDU DV JUHOKDV D EDQGHMD RX R FHVWR FRP PXLWD FRPLGD 5HVSHLWDU D
quantidade máxima permitida indicada na tabela.
/LJXHD¿FKDjWRPDGDGDFRUUHQWHHOpFWULFDTXHGHYHVHUSURYLGDGHOLJDomRjWHUUD
3DUDOLJDURDSDUHOKRJLUDURPDQtSXORGRWLPHU33URJUDPDURWHPSRGHFR]HGXUDGHVHMDGR
2WLPHUpUHJXOiYHODWpPLQXWRV
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WHUPLQDURWHPSRSURJUDPDGRRVLQDOL]DGRUOXPLQRVRDSDJDVH
*LUDURPDQtSXORGHUHJXODomRGDWHPSHUDWXUD43URJUDPDUDWHPSHUDWXUDGHFR]HGXUD
GHVHMDGD2UDQJHGHWHPSHUDWXUDpGHJUDXV
2VLQDOL]DGRUOXPLQRVRGHWHPSHUDWXUDSURQWD DFHQGHVH$VVLPTXHRDSDUHOKRDWLQJLUD
WHPSHUDWXUDGHVHMDGDRVLQDOL]DGRUOXPLQRVR DSDJDVH
'XUDQWHDFR]HGXUDpSRVVtYHODFHQGHUDOX]LQWHUQDDWUDYpVGRERWmR2
$VVLPTXHRDSDUHOKRLQLFLDUDIXQFLRQDUDYHQWLODomRVHUiDWLYDGDDXWRPDWLFDPHQWH2DUTXHQWH
YHQWLODGRJDUDQWHXPDGLVWULEXLomRXQLIRUPHGDWHPSHUDWXUDHSHUPLWHXPDFR]HGXUDKRPRJrQHD
80
PT
HPGLYHUVRVQtYHLVVHPPLVWXUDURVRGRUHV
2 DSDUHOKR SRGH VHU FRORFDGR HP SDXVD GXUDQWH R IXQFLRQDPHQWR FRPR SRU H[HPSOR SDUD
PLVWXUDURVLQJUHGLHQWHVGXUDQWHRSURFHVVRGHFR]HGXUD
Atenção
3HULJRGHGDQRVPDWHULDLV1mRLQVHULUJDUIRVRXRXWURVXWHQVtOLRVQRLQWHULRUGRDSDUHOKR
(VWDRSHUDomRSRGHFDXVDUGDQRVjVUHVLVWrQFLDVGRDSDUHOKRHFULDURSHULJRGHFKRTXH
HOpWULFR
3DUDGHVOLJDURDSDUHOKRJLUDURPDQtSXORGRWLPHU3DWpDSRVLomR$VUHVLVWrQFLDVVH
GHVOLJDUmR
$RWHUPLQDUDFR]HGXUDRDSDUHOKRHPLWLUiXPEHHSHHPVHJXLGDRFRUUHUiRGHVOLJDPHQWR
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for aberta, as resistências e a luz interna apagam-se automaticamente. Quando a portinhola
for fechada, o aparelho retoma o funcionamento normal e a luz interna acende-se
automaticamente se tiver sido acesa anteriormente.
Atenção
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XWLOL]DURJDUIRIRUQHFLGRFRPRDSDUHOKRSDUDHYLWDURSHULJRGHTXHLPDGXUDV1mRWRFDU
DVUHVLVWrQFLDV
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Atenção
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YDSRUTXHQWHV0DQWHUDVPmRVHRURVWRORQJHGRFRPSDUWLPHQWRGHFR]HGXUD
5HPRYHUDJUHOKDRXDEDQGHMDXWLOL]DQGROXYDVRXSDQRVGHFR]LQKD
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resíduos de queimado dos alimentos.
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Conselhos de preparação
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81
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min-max (g) Tempo
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(°C) Informações
Batatas e batatinhas
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Alimentos para forno
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para forno
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Quantidade
min-max (g) Tempo
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84
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Atenção
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Atenção
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Atenção
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85
PT
Limpeza do aparelho
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Atenção
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Waarschuwing voor verbrandingsgevaar
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89
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Let op – schade aan materialen
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90
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BEWAAR DEZE INSTRUCTIES ALTIJD.
91
NL
BESCHRIJVING VAN HET APPARAAT
A - %HKXL]LQJYDQKHWDSSDUDDW / )ULWHXVHPDQGMH
B - 2YHQ 0%UDDGVSLW
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VOOR HET GEBRUIK
Let op
*HYDDUYRRUPDWHULsOHVFKDGH'HNGHELQQHQNDQWYDQKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWDIPHWDOXPLQLXP-
IROLHRPHUQVWLJHVFKDGHDDQGHZHUNLQJYDQGHWKHUPRVWDDWWHYRRUNRPHQ
9HUZLMGHUGHYHUSDNNLQJVPDWHULDOHQYDQKHWDSSDUDDW
=HWGHPDFKLQHRSHHQYODNRSSHUYODNHQXLWGHEXXUWYDQZDWHUHet apparaat moet op een
VWHYLJYODNGDWWHJHQKRJHWHPSHUDWXUHQLVEHVWDQGZRUGHQJHEUXLNWHQEHZDDUG
- :LNNHOKHWVWURRPVQRHUKHOHPDDODI
Controleer of de netspanning in huis dezelfde is als die op het plaatje met technische gege-
vens van het apparaat.
92
NL
Let op
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2PKHWDSSDUDDWXLWWHVFKDNHOHQGUDDLWXGHNQRSYDQGHWLMGVFKDNHODDU3RSVWDQG
Wanneer u het apparaat voor het eerst gebruikt, kan het gebeuren dat het een lichte rook-
lucht afgeeft: Geen zorg! Het is perfect normaal, omdat sommige onderdelen lichtelijk zijn
gesmeerd. Na korte tijd zal dit verschijnsel verdwijnen. Dit heeft geen enkele invloed op de
werking van het apparaat.
GEBRUIKSAANWIJZING
Let op
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Let op
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Let op
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NL
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Bij bereiding van etenswaar met olie gebruikt u twee stukken aluminiumfolie om hete olie-
spatten op de ovenweerstanden te voorkomen. Leg een stuk aluminiumfolie in de lekplaat
of op het rooster en dek met het andere stuk de etenswaar af.
Wanneer u etenswaar op een rooster of in het mandje bereidt, verdeelt u de olie gelijkma-
tig over de etenswaren voor een krokanter en goudkleuriger resultaat. Leg de te bereiden
etenswaar vervolgens op het rooster of in het mandje.
W anneer u de etenswaar op een rooster , aan het spit of in het mandje bereidt, breng dan ook
de lekplaat op de laagste stand in de oven aan om het vet op te vangen. Om dampen, stank
en aankoeken te voorkomen, is het raadzaam om wat water op de lekplaat te doen.
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RYHQ
Plaats rooster of de lekplaat zodanig dat de etenswaar zich op een minimumafstand van 2
cm van de verwarmingselementen in het bovenste gedeelte van de oven bevindt.
Doe niet te veel etenswaar op de roosters, de lekplaat of in het mandje. Neem de maximaal
toegestane, in de tabel aangegeven hoeveelheid in acht.
6WHHNGHVWHNNHULQHHQJHDDUGVWRSFRQWDFW
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94
NL
GHQ=RGUDKHWDSSDUDDWGHJHZHQVWHWHPSHUDWXXUKHHIWEHUHLNWJDDWKHWFRQWUROHODPS XLW
7LMGHQVGHEHUHLGLQJNDQKHWRYHQODPSMHZRUGHQLQJHVFKDNHOGPHWEHKXOSYDQWRHWV2
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WLMGHQVKHWEHUHLGLQJVSURFHVWHPHQJHQ
Let op
*HYDDUYRRUPDWHULsOHVFKDGH6WHHNJHHQYRUNHQRIDQGHUNHXNHQJHUHLLQKHWDSSDUDDW
+LHUGRRUNXQQHQGHZHHUVWDQGHQYDQKHWDSSDUDDWEHVFKDGLJGUDNHQHQNDQJHYDDUYRRU
HOHNWULVFKHVFKRNRQWVWDDQ
2PKHWDSSDUDDWXLWWHVFKDNHOHQGUDDLWXGHNQRSYDQGHWLMGVFKDNHODDU3RSVWDQG'H
ZHHUVWDQGHQZRUGHQXLWJHVFKDNHOG
1DGHEHUHLGLQJODDWKHWDSSDUDDWHHQSLHSWRRQKRUHQHQJDDWXLW$OVGHLQJUHGLsQWHQQLHWNODDU]LMQ
GRHWXDOOHVZHHULQGHRYHQHQXVWHOWXGHWLPHUQRJHQNHOHPLQXWHQLQ
Het apparaat is voorzien van een automatische uitschakelfunctie. Als de deur tijdens de
bereiding wordt geopend, worden de verwarmingselementen en de binnenverlichting au-
tomatisch uitgeschakeld. Als de deur weer dicht wordt gedaan, gaat het apparaat gewoon
weer werken en gaat de binnenverlichting automatisch weer branden als deze eerder ook
ingeschakeld was.
Let op
9HUEUDQGLQJVJHYDDU7LMGHQVGHZHUNLQJ]LMQGHPHWDOHQGHOHQHQGHRYHQUXLWKHHWNRP
DOOHHQDDQGHKDQGJUHHSYDQGHRYHQGHXU2PKHWURRVWHURIGHOHNSODDWWHYHUZLMGHUHQ
JHEUXLNWXRYHQZDQWHQRIWKHHGRHNHQRPJHYDDUYRRUEUDQGZRQGHQWHYRRUNRPHQ2PKHW
PDQGMHRIKHWEUDDGVSLWWHYHUZLMGHUHQJHEUXLNWXGHELMJHOHYHUGHJUHHSRPJHYDDUYRRU
EUDQGZRQGHQWHYRRUNRPHQ.RPQLHWDDQGHZHHUVWDQGHQ
+DDOGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW
2SHQGHGHXU
Let op
9HUEUDQGLQJVJHYDDU:DQQHHUXGHGHXUYDQKHWDSSDUDDWRSHQPDDNWNRPWHURRNKHWHOXFKW
HQVWRRPXLWKHWDSSDUDDW+RXGGHKDQGHQHQKHWJH]LFKWXLWGHEXXUWYDQGHRYHQ
9HUZLMGHUKHWURRVWHURIGHOHNSODDWPHWRYHQZDQWHQRIWKHHGRHNHQ
'RHGHHWHQVZDUHQRSHHQERUG'LHQKHWRS
7LMGHQVGHEHUHLGLQJ]LHWXGDWKHWWHPSHUDWXXUODPSMH UHJHOPDWLJDDQHQXLWJDDW'LWJHHIW
GHLQJUHSHQYDQGHWKHUPRVWDDWDDQGLHGHMXLVWHEHUHLGLQJVWHPSHUDWXXUKDQGKDDIW2PGHWLMGHQ
WHPSHUDWXXUWLMGHQVGHEHUHLGLQJWHZLM]LJHQJHEUXLNWXGHLQVWHONQRSSHQ
De ingrediënten die zijn bereid moeten goudkleurig zijn en niet zwart of bruin. Verwijder
eventuele verbrande resten uit de etenswaren.
2PGHEUHGHRIEUHHNEDUHLQJUHGLsQWHQXLWKHWIULWHXVHPDQGMHWHKDOHQJHEUXLNWXGHWDQJ
:DQQHHUXNODDUEHQWPHWKHWEHUHLGHQYDQGHLQJUHGLsQWHQNDQKHWDSSDUDDWPHWHHQRSQLHXZ
ZRUGHQJHEUXLNWRPDQGHUHHWHQVZDUHQWHEHUHLGHQ
95
NL
Bereidingstips
:DQQHHUXGDWZLOWNXQWXKHWDSSDUDDW]RQGHULQJUHGLsQWHQODWHQYRRUYHUZDUPHQ
'HNOHLQHUHLQJUHGLsQWHQKHEEHQHHQLHWVNRUWHUHEHUHLGLQJVWLMGQRGLJGDQGHJURWHUHGLNNHUH
(HQJURWHUHKRHYHHOKHLGLQJUHGLsQWHQKHHIWHHQLHWVODQJHUHEHUHLGLQJVWLMGQRGLJWHUZLMOHHQNOHLQH-
UHKRHYHHOKHLGHHQLHWVNRUWHUHEHUHLGLQJVWLMGQRGLJKHHIW
'RRUGHNOHLQHUHLQJUHGLsQWHQKDOYHUZHJHGHEHUHLGLQJWHPHQJHQZRUGWKHWHLQGUHVXOWDDWJHRSWL-
PDOLVHHUG+HWKHOSWERYHQGLHQHHQJHOLMNPDWLJHEHUHLGLQJWHYHUNULMJHQ
9RRUHHQNQDSSHULJUHVXOWDDWVPHHUWXYHUVHRIEHYURUHQDDUGDSSHOHQLQPHWROLHYRRUGDWX]HJDDUW
6QDFNVGLHLQGHRYHQPRHWHQZRUGHQEHUHLGNXQQHQRRNLQGHKHWHOXFKWIULWHXVHZRUGHQJHGDDQ
'HRSWLPDOHKRHYHHOKHLGRPNQDSSHULJHIULHWWHPDNHQLVRQJHYHHUJ
*HEUXLNNDQWHQNODDUGHHJRPYOXJHQRSHHQYRXGLJHZLM]HJHYXOGHVQDFNVWHPDNHQ.DQWHQ
NODDUGHHJLVERYHQGLHQVQHOOHUJDDUGDQ]HOIJHPDDNWGHHJ
%HUHLGJHHQDOWHYHWWHHWHQVZDUHQ
8NXQWKHWDSSDUDDWJHEUXLNHQRPDOEHUHLGHHWHQVZDDUWHYHUZDUPHQ6WHOGHWHPSHUDWXXUJHGX-
UHQGHPLQXWHQLQRS&
Vooringestelde programma's
'HYROJHQGHWDEHOWRRQWGHYRRULQJHVWHOGHSURJUDPPDVGLHRSKHWEHGLHQLQJVSDQHHODDQZH]LJ]LMQ
7HPSHUDWXXU& 7LMGPLQ
GLHSYULHVIULHW
]RHWLJKHLG
YLV
NLSYDQKHWVSLW
spiezen
URRGYOHHV
NLS
96
NL
VFKDDOGLHUHQ
(ONV\PERRONRPWRYHUHHQPHWHHQDLUIU\SURJUDPPD+HWSURJUDPPDLVPHWHHQDDQEHYROHQEHUHL-
GLQJVWHPSHUDWXXUHQWLMGLQJHVWHOGGLHDIKDQNHOLMNYDQKHWVRRUWHWHQVZDDUZRUGWDDQEHYROHQ'H
EHUHLGLQJVWLMGLVLQGLFDWLHIHQKDQJWRRNDIYDQGHGLNWHHQGHKRHYHHOKHLGJHEUXLNWHHWHQVZDUHQ
DHGXXUHQWHPSHUDWXXUYDQGHYRRULQJHVWHOGHEHUHLGLQJVSURJUDPPDVNXQQHQZRUGHQJHZLM]LJG
Min-max
hoeveelheid
(g)
Tijd
(min.) Temperatuur
(°C) Informatie
Aardappelen en friet
'LHSJHYURUHQGXQJHVQH-
GHQIULHWMHV
'LHSJHYURUHQGLNJHVQH-
GHQIULHWMHV
*HJUDWLQHHUGHDDUGDS-
pels
Vlees en gevogelte
+DPEXUJHU
9DUNHQVNDUERQDGHV
+DPEXUJHUV
:RUVWUROOHWMHV
Kippenpoten
.LSSHQERUVW
Kip
Snacks
/RHPSLD¶V *HEUXLNYRRUJHEDNNHQ
SURGXFWHQ
.LSKDSMHVGLHSYULHV *HEUXLNYRRUJHEDNNHQ
SURGXFWHQ
9LVVWLFNVGLHSYULHV *HEUXLNYRRUJHEDNNHQ
SURGXFWHQ
Gepaneerde levensmid-
delen, diepvries
.DDVVQDFNV *HEUXLNYRRUJHEDNNHQ
SURGXFWHQ
*HYXOGHJURHQWHQ
97
NL
Min-max
hoeveelheid
(g)
Tijd
(min.) Temperatuur
(°C) Informatie
Bakkerijproducten
7DDUWHQ *HEUXLNHHQEDNSODDW
4XLFKH *HEUXLNHHQEDNSODDW
RYHQVFKDDO
0XI¿QV *HEUXLNHHQEDNSODDW
=RHWHVQDFNV *HEUXLNHHQEDNSODDW
RYHQVFKDDO
Etenswaar drogen
)UXLWJURHQWHQYOHHV
YLVWEURRG
XXU *HEUXLNGHGULHPHH-
JHOHYHUGHURRVWHUV-
$XWRPDWLVFKHXLWVFKDNHOIXQFWLH
'LWDSSDUDDWLVYRRU]LHQYDQHHQWLMGVFKDNHODDU:DQQHHUGHWLPHUZHHURS³´VWDDWJHHIWKHWDSSD-
UDDWHHQJHOXLGVVLJQDDODIHQJDDWDXWRPDWLVFKXLW+HWYHQWLODWLHV\VWHHPVWRSWHQNHOHRJHQEOLNNHQ
ODWHU
$OVXKHWDSSDUDDWWLMGHQVGHEHUHLGLQJRSHQWZRUGWKHWDXWRPDWLVFKXLWJHVFKDNHOG$OVGHGHXU
ZHHUGLFKWZRUGWJHGDDQJDDWKHWDSSDUDDWJHZRRQZHHUZHUNHQHQJDDWGHELQQHQYHUOLFKWLQJ
DXWRPDWLVFKEUDQGHQ
BEREIDING MET BRAADSPIT
9HUZLMGHUKHWURRVWHU-%UHQJGHOHNSODDW-RSKHWODDJVWHVWDQGLQGHRYHQDDQ)LJ
%LMDOOHHWHQVZDDUGLHWLMGHQVGHEHUHLGLQJPHWKHWGUDDLVSLWNDQ
GUXSSHOHQSODDWVWXGHOHNSODDWRSGHODDJVWHVWDQG
6FKXLIppQYDQGHWZHHYRUNHQRSKHWEUDDGVSLW0GHWZHHSXQWHQQDDUGHELQQHQNDQWHQ
GUDDLKHPYDVWRPKHPWHEORNNHUHQ)LJ%LQGKHWEUDDGVWXNYOHHVNLSHQ]PHWHHQ
WRXZWMHYDVWVWHHNKHWRSKHWEUDDGVSLW=RUJHUYRRUGDWKHWYOHHVJRHGZRUGWJHFHQWUHHUG
6FKXLIGHWZHHGHYRUNHURRNPHWGHSXQWHQQDDUGHELQQHQNDQWRS'UDDLLQGLHQQRGLJGH
HHUVWHYRUNORVRPKHWEUDDGVWXNJRHGLQKHWPLGGHQYDQKHWEUDDGVSLWWHVFKXLYHQHQ]HWGH
WZHHYRUNHQYDVW
6WHHNKHWXLWHLQGHYDQKHWEUDDGVSLWLQGHKROWHWHUKRRJWHYDQGHJHPRWRULVHHUGHVWHXQOLQNV
)LJ/HJKHWDQGHUHXLWHLQGHRSGHUHFKWHUVWHXQ)LJ
%HUHLGGHJHUHFKWHQ]RDOVEHVFKUHYHQLQGHSDUDJUDDI*HEUXLNVDDQZLM]LQJ
'UXNRSGHWRHWVRPKHWEUDDGVSLWRIKHWPDQGMHWHODWHQGUDDLHQ 'HELQQHQYHUOLFKWLQJ
JDDWRRNDXWRPDWLVFKEUDQGHQ2PKHWGUDDLHQRSHQLJPRPHQWWHVWRSSHQGUXNWXRSGHWRHWV
RPKHWEUDDGVSLWRIKHWPDQGMHWHODWHQGUDDLHQ2
98
NL
1DGHEHUHLGLQJJHEUXLNWXGHJUHHS1RPKHWEUDDGVSLWDDQGHNDQWYDQGHUHFKWHUVWHXQRSWH
WLOOHQHQKHWDQGHUHXLWHLQGHYHUYROJHQVXLWJHPRWRULVHHUGHVWHXQOLQNVWHQHPHQ)LJ
BEREIDING MET HET MANDJE
2PKHWNOHSMHYDQKHWPDQGMHWHRSHQHQWLOWXGHKDDNRPKRRJ)LJ
'RHGHHWHQVZDDUHULQ
6OXLWKHWNOHSMHYDQKHWPDQGMH
%LMDOOHHWHQVZDDUGLHPHWGHDLUIU\HUIXQFWLHPRHWHQZRUGHQEH-
UHLGWSODDWVWXGHOHNSODDWRSGHODDJVWHVWDQG
Let op
+HWJHYDDUEHVWDDWGDWHUHWHQVZDDULQGHRYHQNDQYDOOHQ7LMGHQVKHWGUDDLHQNDQGHHWHQV-
ZDDUGLHLQKHWPDQGMH]LWYDOOHQ&RQWUROHHURIKHWNOHSMHYDQKHWPDQGMHJRHGGLFKW]LW
9HUZLMGHUKHWURRVWHU-%UHQJGHOHNSODDW.RSKHWODDJVWHVWDQGLQGHRYHQDDQ)LJ
6WHHNKHWXLWHLQGHYDQGHDVYDQKHWPDQGMHLQGHKROWHWHUKRRJWHYDQGHJHPRWRULVHHUGH
VWHXQOLQNV)LJ/HJKHWDQGHUHXLWHLQGHRSGHUHFKWHUVWHXQ
%HUHLGGHJHUHFKWHQ]RDOVEHVFKUHYHQLQGHSDUDJUDDI*HEUXLNVDDQZLM]LQJ
'UXNRSGHWRHWVRPKHWEUDDGVSLWRIKHWPDQGMHWHODWHQGUDDLHQ 'HELQQHQYHUOLFKWLQJ
JDDWRRNDXWRPDWLVFKEUDQGHQ2PKHWGUDDLHQRSHQLJPRPHQWWHVWRSSHQGUXNWXRSGHWRHWV
RPKHWEUDDGVSLWRIKHWPDQGMHWHODWHQGUDDLHQ2
1DGHEHUHLGLQJJHEUXLNWXGHJUHHS1RPKHWPDQGMHDDQGHNDQWYDQGHUHFKWHUVWHXQRSWHWLOOHQ
HQKHWDQGHUHXLWHLQGHYHUYROJHQVXLWGHJHPRWRULVHHUGHVWHXQOLQNVWHQHPHQ)LJ
REINIGING EN ONDERHOUD
Let op
9HUEUDQGLQJVJHYDDU9RRUGDWXKHWDSSDUDDWEHJLQWWHUHLQLJHQKDDOWXDOWLMGGHVWHNNHUXLW
KHWVWRSFRQWDFW,HGHUHLQJUHHSPRHWZRUGHQYHUULFKWZDQQHHUKHWDSSDUDDWNRXGLV
Let op
*HYDDUYRRUHOHNWULVFKHVFKRN'RPSHOKHWDSSDUDDWQRRLWRQGHULQZDWHURIDQGHUHYORHL-
VWRIIHQ
Let op
*HYDDUYRRUPDWHULsOHVFKDGH&RQWUROHHUUHJHOPDWLJRIGHVWURRPNDEHOYDQXZDSSDUDDWLQ
JRHGHVWDDWYHUNHHUWDOYRUHQVKHWWHJHEUXLNHQHQEUHQJKHWDOVKHWVQRHUEHVFKDGLJGLVQDDU
KHWGLFKWVWELM]LMQGHVHUYLFHFHQWUXPRPKHPXLWVOXLWHQGGRRUYDNPHQVHQWHODWHQYHUYDQJHQ
*HEUXLNJHHQVFKXXUJHUHHGVFKDSRPKHWDSSDUDDWVFKRRQWHPDNHQ
99
NL
Reiniging van het apparaat
2QWGRHGHRYHQYRRULHGHUJHEUXLNYDQHYHQWXHOHHWHQVUHVWHQHQNUXLPHOV
5HLQLJGHNXQVWVWRIGHOHQPHWHHQYRFKWLJHQLHWVFKXUHQGHODSHQGURRJ]HPHWHHQGURJHODS
0DDNGHELQQHQNDQWYDQKHWDSSDUDDWPHWHHQQLHWVFKXUHQGPHWZDUPZDWHUEHYRFKWLJGGRHNMH
VFKRRQ'URRJGHRSSHUYODNNHQDI
0DDNGHZHHUVWDQGHQPHWHHQGURJHGRHNVFKRRQRPUHVWHQHWHQVZDUHQWHYHUZLMGHUHQ
Let op
*HYDDUYRRUPDWHULsOHVFKDGH/DDWJHHQ]XUHVWRIIHQRSGHPHWDOHQRSSHUYODNNHQOLJJHQ=XUH
VWRIIHQ]RDOVFLWURHQVDSWRPDWHQSXUHHD]LMQHQGHUJHOLMNHWDVWHQKHWHPDLODDQDOVKHWHUODQJ
RSEOLMIWOLJJHQZDDUGRRUKHWGRIZRUGW
*HEUXLNJHHQVFKXXUPLGGHOHQRIPHWDOHQNHXNHQJHUHLRPWHYRRUNRPHQGDWGHFRDWLQJEH-
NUDVWRIEHVFKDGLJGZRUGW
*HEUXLNRPGHELQQHQNDQWVFKRRQWHPDNHQQRRLWPLGGHOHQGLHKHWDOXPLQLXPDDQWDVWHQ
UHLQLJLQJVPLGGHOHQLQVSXLWEXVVHQHQNUDEGHZDQGHQQLHWDIPHWVFKHUSHYRRUZHUSHQ
:DVKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWLQGHYDDWZDVPDFKLQH
1DHONJHEUXLNQDGDWKHWDSSDUDDWYROOHGLJLVDIJHNRHOGPDDNWXGHLQWHUQHRSSHUYODNNHQPHWHHQ
VRSMHHQHHQYRFKWLJGRHNMHVFKRRQ
0DDNGHEXLWHQNDQWPHWHHQ]DFKWHGRHNVFKRRQ
De onderdelen reinigen
'HURRVWHUVGHOHNSODDWKHWPDQGMHHQKHWVSLWPRJHQLQGHYDDWZDVVHUZRUGHQDIJHZDVVHQ*H-
EUXLNDQGHUVHHQJHZRRQDIZDVPLGGHOHQHHQDIZDVERUVWHORIHHQ]DFKWQLHWVFKXUHQGVSRQVMH
2PGHHWHQVUHVWHQLQKHWPDQGMH]DFKWHUWHPDNHQNXQWXHHQEDNPHWZDUPZDWHUYXOOHQ
Voeg
HQNHOHGUXSSHOVDIZDVPLGGHOWRH'RHKHWIULWHXVHPDQGMHHULQHQODDWKHWVRSMHPLQXWHQLQZHUNHQ+HW
IULWHXVHPDQGMHDIZDVVHQHQDIGURJHQ
'HGHXUYDQKHWDSSDUDDWNDQZRUGHQYHUZLMGHUGRPLQGHYDDWZDVVHUWHZRUGHQDIJHZDVVHQ
2SHQGHGHXU
9HUSODDWVGHVFKXLINQRS+QDDUOLQNVHQKDDOGHGHXUXLWGHOLQNHUVWHXQ)LJ
7UHNGHGHXUQDDUUHFKWVRPGHGHXUXLWGHUHFKWHUVWHXQWHKDOHQ
9HUULFKWGHKDQGHOLQJHQLQRPJHNHHUGHYROJRUGHRPGHGHXUZHHUWHUXJWH]HWWHQ
OVERZICHT VAN OPLOSSINGEN VOOR EEN AANTAL PROBLEMEN
3UREOHPHQ 0RJHOLMNHRRU]DNHQ Oplossingen
+HWDSSDUDDWGRHWKHW
niet 'HVWHNNHULVQLHWLQKHW
VWRSFRQWDFWJHVWRNHQ
6WHHNGHVWHNNHULQHHQJHDDUG
VWRSFRQWDFW
'HWLMGVFKDNHODDULVQLHW
LQJHVWHOG 'UDDLDDQGHNQRSYDQGHWLMGVFKDNHODDU
6WHOGHJHZHQVWHEHUHLGLQJVWHPSHUDWXXU
in
'HGHXU]LWQLHWJRHGGLFKW 6OXLWGHGHXUYDQKHWDSSDUDDWJRHG
100
NL
3UREOHPHQ 0RJHOLMNHRRU]DNHQ Oplossingen
'HLQJUHGLsQWHQ]LMQ
QLHWNODDU (U]LMQWHYHHOLQJUHGLsQWHQ 'RHHUPLQGHULQJUHGLsQWHQLQ(HQ
NOHLQHUHKRHYHHOKHLGZRUGWJHOLMNPDWLJHU
EHUHLG
'HLQJHVWHOGHWHPSHUDWXXU
LVWHODDJ 9HUKRRJGHEHUHLGLQJVWHPSHUDWXXU
'UDDLDDQGHNQRSYRRUGH
WHPSHUDWXXUUHJHOLQJ
'HLQJHVWHOGHEHUHLGLQJVWLMG
LVWHODDJ 9HUOHQJGHEHUHLGLQJVWLMG'UDDLDDQGH
NQRSYDQGHWLMGVFKDNHODDU
'HLQJUHGLsQWHQ]LMQ
QLHWJHOLMNPDWLJJDDU 6RPPLJHVRRUWHQ
LQJUHGLsQWHQPRHWHQ
PHHUGHUHNHUHQZRUGHQ
JHPHQJGWLMGHQVGH
EHUHLGLQJ
'H]LFKERYHQLQEHYLQGHQGH
LQJUHGLsQWHQRIGHLQJUHGLsQWHQGLH
GRRUDQGHUH]LMQEHGHNWIULWHVPRHWHQ
WLMGHQVGHEHUHLGLQJZRUGHQJHPHQJG
'HJHEDNNHQVQDFNV
]LMQQLHWNURNDQW 8KHHIWVRRUWHQVQDFNV
JHEUXLNWGLHRSWUDGLWLRQHOH
ZLM]HPRHWHQZRUGHQ
JHEDNNHQ
*HEUXLNRYHQVQDFNVRIVPHHUGH
VQDFNVPHWROLHLQYRRUGDWX]HLQGH
RYHQOHJW
(UNRPWZLWWHURRNXLW
KHWDSSDUDDW 8EHQWYHWWHUHSURGXFWHQ
DDQKHWEDNNHQ :DQQHHUXYHWWHUHLQJUHGLsQWHQEDNW
NRPWHUPHHUROLHLQGHOHNSODDWWHUHFKW
2OLHYHURRU]DDNWPHHUZLWWHURRNGDQ
QRUPDDOWLMGHQVKHWEDNNHQ'LWKHHIW
JHHQHQNHOHIIHFWRSGHEHUHLGLQJYDQ
GHLQJUHGLsQWHQRIRSKHWDSSDUDDW
,QGHEDN]LMQYHWUHVWHQ
DFKWHUJHEOHYHQYDQHHUGHU
JHEUXLNYDQGHIULWHXVH
'HZLWWHURRNZRUGWYHURRU]DDNWGRRU
KHWYHWHQGHROLHGLH]LFKRSGH
ZHHUVWDQGHQEHYLQGHQ0DDNGHRYHQ
QDJHEUXLNJRHGVFKRRQ'HKDQGHOLQJ
PRHWZRUGHQYHUULFKWZDQQHHUKHW
DSSDUDDWNRXGLV
'HYHUVHLQ
UHSHQJHVQHGHQ
DDUGDSSHOHQ]LMQQLHW
JHOLMNPDWLJJHEDNNHQ
'HVRRUWDDUGDSSHOGLH
XKHHIWJHEUXLNWLVQLHW
JHVFKLNWRPWHZRUGHQ
JHIULWXXUG
*HEUXLNYHUVHDDUGDSSHOHQHQ]RUJ
HUYRRUGDWX]HWLMGHQVKHWEDNNHQNHHUW
6SRHOGHDDUGDSSHOHQ
VFKRRQHQGURRJ]HDI
YRRUGDWX]HEDNW
6SRHOGHDDUGDSSHOHQDIHQYHUZLMGHU
DOOH]HWPHHOGDW]LFKRSKHWRSSHUYODN
YDQGHDDUGDSSHOHQEHYLQGW
9HUVHDDUGDSSHOHQGLH
LQUHSHQ]LMQJHVQHGHQ
]LMQQLHWNURNDQW]RGUD
]HXLWGHIULWHXVH
NRPHQ
2IHQKRHNURNDQWGH
IULHWHQ]LMQKDQJWDIYDQGH
KRHYHHOKHLGZDWHUGLHLQ
GHDDUGDSSHOHQ]LWHQGH
KRHYHHOKHLGROLHZDDUPHH
XGHDDUGDSSHOHQKHHIW
NODDUJHPDDNW
=RUJHUYRRUGDWXGHDDUGDSSHOHQJRHG
DIGURRJWYRRUGDWXGHROLHWRHYRHJW
6QLMGHDDUGDSSHOHQLQNOHLQHUHSHQRP
]HNURNDQWHUWHPDNHQ
9RHJYRRUNURNDQWHUHIULWHVHHQEHHWMH
PHHUROLHWRH
101
NL
ƴƸƧƵƫƬƣƮƧƵƱƲƣƳƱƯƧƥƸƧƫƳƫƦƫƱ
ȂȠȜȠȞȩIJȚȠȚıȣıțİȣȑȢțĮIJĮıțİȣȐıIJȘțĮȞıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮijȑȢIJȦȞțİȓȝİȞȦȞİȣȡȦʌĮȧ-
țȫȞįȚĮIJȐȟİȦȞțĮȚțĮIJȐıȣȞȑʌİȚĮİȓȞĮȚʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣȝȑȞİȢıİȩȜĮIJĮįȣȞȘIJȚțȐİʌȚțȓȞįȣȞĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮ-
IJĮįȚĮȕȐıIJİʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐIJȚȢʌȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢțĮȚȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȠ-
ȞȐȤĮȖȚĮIJȠıțȠʌȩʌȠȣʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮțĮȚȗȘȝȚȑȢĭȣȜȐȟIJİʌȡȩȤİȚȡȠ
IJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠĮȣIJȩȖȚĮȞĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮIJȠıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȪİıIJİıIJȠȝȑȜȜȠȞǹȞʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮįȫıİIJİIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒıİțȐʌȠȚȠȐȜȜȠȐIJȠȝȠșȣȝȘșİȓIJİȞĮIJȠȣʌĮȡĮįȫıİIJİȝĮȗȓțĮȚIJȠʌĮȡȩȞİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ
ȅȚʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢijȑȡȠȣȞIJĮʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıȪȝȕȠȜĮʌȠȣıȘȝĮȓȞȠȣȞ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȖȚĮIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐ
ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȓȘıȘȖȚĮİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
ȆȡȠıȠȤȒ±ȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȗȘȝȚȐȢĮʌȩįȚȐijȠȡİȢȐȜȜİȢĮȚIJȓİȢ
ƲƳƱƤƭƧƲƱƮƧƯƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȞĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȥİIJİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞİȓȞĮȚ
țĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȖȚĮIJȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮȣȖȡȫȞIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚĮʌȩ
IJȠȞțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠʌȠȣıȣȞİʌȫȢĮʌĮȜȜȐııİIJĮȚĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȗȘȝȚȑȢțȐșİ
ijȪıȘȢʌȠȣȠijİȓȜȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢǾIJȡȠʌȠʌȠȓȘıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȑȤİȚ
ȦȢİʌĮțȩȜȠȣșȠIJȘȞĮțȪȡȦıȘIJȘȢİȖȖȪȘıȘȢ
ƶƲƱƭƧƫƮƮƣƵƫƬƱƫƬƫƯƦƶƯƱƫ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȠIJĮȥȓIJȚȢıȤȐȡİȢIJȘıȠȪȕȜĮIJȠțĮ-
ȜȐșȚțĮȚIJĮȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȖȚĮȝİȡȚțȐȜİʌIJȐȝİIJȐIJȠıȕȒıȚȝȠ
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıȠȣȞȠȚȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƫƴƣƴƷƣƭƧƫƣƴ
ǼȀǺǻǺȉȊǽȇȈȆȉǽȁȊȀȁǺȊȀȉȇǺȈǺȁǺȊȎȆǼǿĬȀǽȉ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȣIJȒʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȖȚĮȤȡȒıȘİȠȚțȚĮțȑȢİijĮȡȝȠȖȑȢțĮȚʌĮȡȩȝȠȚİȢ
ȩʌȦȢ
ıİȝȚțȡȑȢțȠȣȗȓȞİȢȖȚĮIJȠʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȩıIJĮțĮIJĮıIJȒȝĮIJĮIJĮȖȡĮijİȓĮțĮȚȐȜȜȠȣȢ
İʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢȤȫȡȠȣȢ
ıIJĮĮȖȡȠțIJȒȝĮIJĮ
-
ȖȚĮȤȡȒıȘĮʌȩIJȠȣȢʌİȜȐIJİȢıİȟİȞȠįȠȤİȓĮʌĮȞıȚȩȞțĮȚȐȜȜȠȣȢȤȫȡȠȣȢįȚĮȝȠȞȒȢ
ȈIJĮIJȠȣȡȚıIJȚțȐțĮIJĮȜȪȝĮIJĮIJȪʌȠȣįȚĮȞȣțIJȑȡİȣıȘȝİʌȡȦȧȞȩEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
ǻİȞĮȞĮȜĮȝȕȐȞȠȣȝİțĮȝȓĮİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȜĮȞșĮıȝȑȞȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȒȖȚĮ
țȐʌȠȚĮȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘʌȠȣįİȞĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞ
102
EL
ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮijȣȜȐııİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢIJȠȣİȡȖȠıIJĮıȓȠȣįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣ
ȩIJȚįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚįȦȡİȐȞIJİȤȞȚțȒȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȖȚĮIJȚȢȗȘȝȚȑȢʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘ-
țĮȞĮʌȩĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒĮʌȩȑȞĮ
İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
ǾȤȡȒıȘİȟĮȡIJȘȝȐIJȦȞʌȠȣįİȞıȣȞȚıIJȐȒįİȞȑȤİȚʌȡȠȝȘșİȪıİȚȠțĮIJĮıțİȣĮ-
ıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİȞȑȤİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠʌȣȡțĮȖȚȐȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓ-
ĮȢȒIJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒıȣȝȝȠȡijȫȞİIJĮȚȝİIJȘȞȠįȘȖȓĮǼȀȊʌĮȡIJȘȢ
ʌİȡȓȣȜȚțȫȞıİİʌĮijȒȝİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓDŽNJǂǕǂǍNJNjǒƽǑǂNJDžNJƽ
ǹʌĮȖȠȡİȪİIJĮȚȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦĮʌȩİIJȫȞțĮȚȐIJȠȝĮ
ȝİİȚįȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȒĮʌȩȐIJȠȝĮʌȠȣįİȞȑȤȠȣȞIJȘȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘʌİȓȡĮİțIJȩȢ
țĮȚĮȞİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȣʌİȪșȣȞȠʌȠȣȑȤİȚįȚĮȕȐıİȚțĮȚțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚIJȚȢ
ȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
IJĮʌĮȚįȚȐįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮȡȝȠįȚȩIJȘIJĮ
IJȠȣȤȡȒıIJȘįİȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌȠȞIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞİʌȓȕȜİȥȘ
İȞȩȢİȞȒȜȚțĮ
ȀȡĮIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐȝȚțȡȩIJİ-
ȡĮIJȦȞİIJȫȞ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȑIJıȚȫıIJİIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮȝȘȞijIJȐȞȠȣȞȞĮĮȖȖȓ-
ȟȠȣȞIJĮțĮȣIJȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȖțĮIJĮȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘįȚȐșİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚ-
įȚȫȞįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ȆȡȠıȑȟIJİIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮȝȘȡȓȟȠȣȞțȐIJȦIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȚȐȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚ-
țȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJİȪıİIJİțȩȕȠȞIJĮȢIJȠ
țĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣȞĮIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣ-
ıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȖȚĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐʌȠȣ
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƲǒǐdžNJDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjDŽNJǂdžDŽNjǂǞǍǂǕǂ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȂȘȞ ĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJĮȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘ IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢțĮȚIJȠ
țȡȪıIJĮȜȜȠIJȘȢʌȩȡIJĮȢțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢțĮȚȖȚĮȝİȡȚțȐȜİʌIJȐȝİIJȐ
IJȠıȕȒıȚȝȠȃĮʌȚȐȞİIJİȝȩȞȠIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒIJȘȢʌȩȡIJĮȢȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫ-
ıȠȣȞȠȚȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ǵIJĮȞįİȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȆȡȠIJȠȪİțIJİ-
ȜȑıİIJİIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȝİIJĮțȚȞİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȩIJĮȞʌİȡȚȑȤİȚĮțȩȝĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ȃĮȕȐȗİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐʌȐȞIJĮțĮȚȝȩȞȠıIJȚȢıȤȐȡİȢȒıIJȠțĮȜȐșȚȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİ
IJȘȞİʌĮijȒIJȦȞIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞȝİIJȚȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȑȢĮȞIJȚıIJȐıİȚȢ
EL
ȂȘȞijȡȐȗİIJİIJȚȢʌĮȡȠȤȑȢĮȑȡĮ
ȂȘȖİȝȓȗİIJİIJȠIJĮȥȓȝİȜȐįȚȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢʌȣȡțĮȖȚȐȢ
ǵIJĮȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȘıȣıțİȣȒȗİıIJȩȢĮȑȡĮțĮȚĮIJȝȩȢȕȖĮȓȞȠȣȞĮʌȩIJȠȞĮİȡĮȖȦ-
ȖȩȃĮțȡĮIJȐIJİIJĮȤȑȡȚĮțĮȚIJȠʌȡȩıȦʌȩıĮȢȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩIJȠȞĮİȡĮȖȦȖȩ
ǵIJĮȞĮȞȠȓȖİIJİIJȘȞʌȩȡIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȕȖĮȓȞİȚȗİıIJȩȢĮȑȡĮȢțĮȚĮIJȝȩȢȃĮ
țȡĮIJȐIJİIJȠʌȡȩıȦʌȠțĮȚIJĮȤȑȡȚĮıĮȢȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȩȡIJĮ
ȈȕȒıIJİĮȝȑıȦȢIJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȕȖĮȓȞİȚȝĮȪȡȠȢ țĮʌȞȩȢĮʌȩIJȠȞĮİȡĮȖȦȖȩ
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮıIJĮȝĮIJȒıİȚȞĮȕȖĮȓȞİȚȝĮȪȡȠȢțĮ-
ʌȞȩȢĮʌȩIJȠȞĮİȡĮȖȦȖȩǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠijĮȖȘIJȩĮʌȩIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȆȡȠıȠȤȒȗİıIJȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȆȡȚȞȕȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘʌȠȣĮȞĮ-
ijȑȡİIJĮȚ ıIJȘȞ ʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ IJİȤȞȚțȫȞ ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȫȞ IJȘȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢ ĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓ
ıIJȘȞIJȐıȘIJȠȣįȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢ
ǹȞȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓıİȝȚĮȤȫȡĮįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȒĮʌȩIJȘȤȫȡĮʌȠȣIJȘȞ
ĮȖȠȡȐıĮIJİȗȘIJȒıIJİȞĮȖȓȞİȚȑȜİȖȤȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢıȣȝȕĮIJȩIJȘIJĮȢıİȑȞĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠ-
įȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢıȑȡȕȚȢ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȝȚĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓ-
ȞĮȚțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȖȚĮIJȘȞȚıȤȪIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİțȚȞįȪ-
ȞȠȣȢȖȚĮIJȠȤȡȒıIJȘțĮȚȖȚĮIJȘȞĮıijȐȜİȚĮIJȠȣȤȫȡȠȣıĮȢ
ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȐȞIJĮȝȚĮȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘʌȡȓȗĮ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝİȕȡİȖȝȑȞĮȤȑȡȚĮȒȟȣʌȩȜȘIJȠȚ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȑȤİȚȗȘȝȚȐIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȒIJȠijȚȢȒĮȞʌĮ-
ȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚİȜȐIJIJȦȝĮȘıȣıțİȣȒǵȜİȢȠȚİʌȚıțİȣȑȢțĮȚȘĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣ
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐĮʌȩİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘ-
ȝȑȞĮțȑȞIJȡĮIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒĮʌȩIJİȤȞȚțȠȪȢIJȘȢ$ULHWHȫıIJİȞĮ
ĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ȂȘıȣȞįȑİIJİıIJȘȞȓįȚĮʌȡȓȗĮȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢțĮȝȓĮȐȜȜȘıȣıțİȣȒȣȥȘȜȒȢȚıȤȪȠȢ
ıȩȝʌİȢıȓįİȡȠțĮȜȠȡȚijȑȡțȜʌȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢȣʌİȡijȩȡIJȦıȘȢ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȑȡȤȠȞIJĮȚıİİʌĮijȒȝİȗİ-
ıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ȂȘȞIJȡĮȕȐIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȖȚĮȞĮIJȠȕȖȐȜİIJİĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȉȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȡȓȕİIJĮȚıİĮȚȤȝȘȡȑȢȖȦȞȚȑȢȒȐȜȜĮĮȚȤȝȘ-
ȡȐĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮ
ȂȘȝİIJĮțȚȞİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȡĮȕȫȞIJĮȢIJȘȞĮʌȩIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮıİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘțĮIJĮȚȖȓįĮȢ
104
EL
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȆȡȚȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮȟİIJȣȜȓȖİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ǻİȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJĮȚȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȝȑıȦİȟȦIJİȡȚțȠȪȤȡȠ-
ȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȒȐȜȜȦȞIJȘȜİȤİȚȡȚıIJȘȡȓȦȞ
ȆȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣȞĮȝȘȞİʌȘȡİȐıİIJİIJȘȞĮıijȐȜİȚĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚ-
İȓIJİʌȐȞIJĮȖȞȒıȚĮĮȞIJĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐțĮȚİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚİȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞĮĮʌȩIJȠȞ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓ
ĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıİȚțĮȚİijȩıȠȞȑȤİIJİȕȖȐȜİȚIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȂȘ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑįȚĮȜȪIJİȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞȠȣȞȗȘȝȚȐıIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐ
ȂȘȞIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțȠȞIJȐıİİȪijȜİțIJĮĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮȣijȐıȝĮIJĮțȠȣȡ-
IJȓȞİȢ
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞijȣȜȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣ-
ıțİȣȒȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮțȡȣȫıȠȣȞIJĮȗİıIJȐȝȑȡȘ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıİĮIJȝȠıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢȕȡȠȤȒ
ȒȜȚȠțȜʌ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȣʌĮȓșȡȚȠȤȫȡȠ
ȂȘȞ ĮʌȠıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖİȓIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ǻİȞ ȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞ İıȦIJİȡȚțȐ İȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ʌȠȣȤȡİȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩ
ĭȣȜȐȟIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮįȡȠıİȡȩȤȫȡȠȤȦȡȓȢȣȖȡĮıȓĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLJLjǍNJƽǓǂǑǝDžNJƽǗǐǒdžǓƽnjnjdžǓǂNJǕǀdžǓ
ȃĮĮȞȐȕİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȩȞȠȞȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚıIJȘıȦıIJȒșȑıȘ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȩIJĮȞĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİıIJİĮʌȩIJȠȤȫȡȠʌȠȣ
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ
ǹȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȣȞșİȓIJİȑıIJȦțĮȚȖȚĮȜȓȖȘȫȡĮȞĮıȕȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
țĮȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
īȚĮIJȘıȦıIJȒįȚȐșİıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȘȞǼȣȡȦʌĮȧțȒȅįȘȖȓĮ
(ǼıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮįȚĮȕȐıİIJİIJȠİȚįȚțȩȑȞIJȣʌȠʌȠȣʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚ
ȝĮȗȓȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƷƶƭƣưƵƧƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƣƶƵƧƴ
105
EL
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
A - ȈȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ / ȀĮȜȐșȚ
B - ĬȐȜĮȝȠȢȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢ 0ȈȠȪȕȜĮȖȚĮȥȘIJȐ
C - ȀĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ 1ȆȚȡȠȪȞȚĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢIJȘȢıȠȪȕȜĮȢțĮȚIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪ
'ȆȠȡIJȐțȚ 2ȆȜȒțIJȡȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȒȢIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪȝİİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐ
ȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮ
E - ȋİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ ǼȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
)ȂȘȤĮȞȠțȓȞȘIJȠĮȡȚıIJİȡȩ
ȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȖȝĮ ʌȜȒțIJȡȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȒȢțĮȜĮșȚȠȪ
ıȠȪȕȜĮȢțĮȚȖȚĮIJȠȐȞĮȝȝĮIJȠȣİıȦIJİȡȚțȠȪijȦIJȩȢ
*ǻİȟȓȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȖȝĮ ǼȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ
+ȆȜȒțIJȡȠĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȘȢ
ʌȩȡIJĮȢ
3ȀȠȣȝʌȓȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢ
, ȋİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒȖȚĮIJȘȝİIJĮijȠȡȐ 4ȀȠȣȝʌȓȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ
- ȈȤȐȡĮIJİȝȐȤȚĮ 5ǹİȡĮȖȦȖȩȢ
K - ȉĮȥȓ
ƴǕǐNJǘdžǀǂǂǎǂDŽǎǟǒNJǔLjǓ
ȈIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮʌȠȣȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘȑįȡĮıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚIJĮʌĮȡĮ-
țȐIJȦıIJȠȚȤİȓĮĮȞĮȖȞȫȡȚıȘȢ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢțĮȚıȒȝĮȞıȘ&(ǼȅȀ
ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠȂȠG
ĮȡıİȚȡȐȢ61
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘȢ9țĮȚıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ+]
țĮIJĮȞĮȜȚıțȩȝİȞȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȚıȤȪȢ:
ʌȡȐıȚȞȠIJȘȜȑijȦȞȠįȦȡİȐȞțȜȒıȘIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘ
ǵIJĮȞĮʌİȣșȪȞİıIJİıIJĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȞĮĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠȝȠȞIJȑȜȠ
țĮȚIJȠȞĮȡȚșȝȩıİȚȡȐȢIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢ
ƲƳƫƯƣƲƱƵƩƸƳƩƴƩ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȣȜȚțȫȞȗȘȝȚȫȞȂȘȞțĮȜȪʌIJİIJİIJĮİıȦIJİȡȚțȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȝİĮȜȠȣȝȚȞȩȤĮȡ-
IJȠȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİȞĮʌȡȠțȜȘșİȓıȠȕĮȡȒȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȠȣșİȡȝȠıIJȐIJȘ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİȝȚĮİʌȓʌİįȘİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩȞİȡȩȆȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚ-
ȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțĮȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
- ȄİIJȣȜȓȟIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣșijȑIJșijȡȤșȝıȜijȢțȜȡȫİțȜijȫȡȤįȟijțIJijȡțȥıȔȞıijșȟijȑIJșʍȡȤįȟįȗȢȑĴıijįț
IJijșȟʍțȟįȜȔİįijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣ
106
EL
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȣȜȚțȫȞȗȘȝȚȫȞȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞİțĮIJȠıIJȐ ȝĮțȡȚȐ Įʌȩ
IJȠȓȤȠȣȢȑʌȚʌȜĮȒȐȜȜİȢıȣıțİȣȑȢ
ȂȘȞĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİțĮȞȑȞĮĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞȠıIJȘȞʌȩȡIJĮIJȠȣijȠȪȡȞȠȣȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚĮȞȠȚțIJȒ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȖȚĮʌȡȫIJȘijȠȡȐIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȜȪȞIJİIJȚȢıȤȐȡİȢ- IJȠIJĮȥȓ.IJȠ
țĮȜȐșȚ/țĮȚIJȘıȠȪȕȜĮ0ȅȚıȤȐȡİȢIJȠIJĮȥȓIJȠțĮȜȐșȚțĮȚȘıȠȪȕȜĮȝʌȠȡȠȪȞȞĮʌȜȑȞȠȞIJĮȚ
ıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞǼȞĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȑȞĮțȠȚȞȩĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȩʌȚȐIJȦȞțĮȚȑȞĮ
ȝĮȜĮțȩıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚȤȦȡȓȢIJȡĮȤȚȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢǻȚĮȕȐıIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ³ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣ-
ıțİȣȒȢ´
ȉȘȞʌȡȫIJȘijȠȡȐʌȠȣșĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮIJȘȞĮijȒıİIJİĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȘȖȚĮ
ȝİȡȚțȐȜİʌIJȐȫıIJİȞĮİȟĮȜİȚijșİȓȘȠıȝȒ©țĮȚȞȠȪȡȚȠȣª
īȣȡȓıIJİıIJȠȝȑȖȚıIJȠIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ4
īȚĮȞĮĮȞȐȥİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓIJȠȣȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ3ǹijȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮ
ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȒıİȚıİĮİȡȚȗȩȝİȞȠȤȫȡȠȖȚĮIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȜİʌIJȐ
īȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓIJȠȣȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ3ıIJȘȞșȑıȘ
ǶijįȟȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțıȔijıȗțįʍȢȬijșĴȡȢȑijșȟIJȤIJȜıȤȓȞʍȡȢıȔȟįʍįȢȡȤIJțȑIJıțȜȑʍȡțįıȝį-
ĴȢțȑȡIJȞȓȓȝȔȗȡȜįʍȟȪȞșȟįȟșIJȤȥıȔijıʍȢȪȜıțijįțȗțįȒȟįȜįȟȡȟțȜȪĴįțȟȪȞıȟȡȗțįijȔȞı-
ȢțȜȑıȠįȢijȓȞįijįȒȥȡȤȟȝȔȗȡȝȑİțĭįıȠįĴįȟțIJȚıȔIJıIJȫȟijȡȞȡȥȢȡȟțȜȪİțȑIJijșȞįǼıȟȒȥıț
ȜįȞȔįıʍȔİȢįIJșIJijșȝıțijȡȤȢȗȔįijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣ
ƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƸƳƩƴƩƴ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȣȜȚțȫȞȗȘȝȚȫȞ
ȂȘȕȐȗİIJİIJȡȩijȚȝĮʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮıIJȐȟȠȣȞțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣ
ȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢǼțIJȩȢĮʌȩIJȠȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıȠȣȞįȪıțȠȜİȢIJȚȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪȝʌȠȡİȓțĮȚ
ȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıȠȣȞʌȣȡțĮȖȚȐȆȡȚȞĮʌȩțȐșİȤȡȒıȘȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİIJȠșȐȜĮȝȠȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢĮʌȩ
IJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞțĮȚȥȓȤȠȣȜĮ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢșȡĮȪıȘȢIJȠȣțȡȪıIJĮȜȜȠȣȂȘȤȪȞİIJİȞİȡȩıIJȠțȡȪıIJĮȜȜȠIJȘȢʌȩȡIJĮȢȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚ
ȗİıIJȩȂȘȞĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİțĮȞȑȞĮĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞȠʌȐȞȦıIJȠțȡȪıIJĮȜȜȠʌȩȡIJĮȢȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚĮȞȠȚțIJȒ
ȂȘȞĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİțĮȞȑȞĮĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞȠʌȐȞȦıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȘ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢȂȘȞȕȐȗİIJİʌȚȡȠȪȞȚĮȒȐȜȜĮıțİȪȘȝȑıĮıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǹȣIJȒȘ
İȞȑȡȖİȚĮȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞİȚȗȘȝȚȐıIJȚȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȑȢĮȞIJȚıIJȐıİȚȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢțĮȚȞĮįȘȝȚȠȣȡ-
ȖȒıİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȀĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȘȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢIJĮȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘțĮȚIJȠțȡȪıIJĮȜ-
ȜȠțĮȓȞİȞĮĮȖȖȓȗİIJİȝȩȞȠIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒIJȘȢʌȩȡIJĮȢ
ȂȘȗİıIJĮȓȞİIJİțĮȞȑȞĮIJȡȩijȚȝȠȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣȝʌȠȣțȐȜȚțȠȣIJȓțȜʌ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮʌȠȣșȑȜİIJİȞĮȥȒıİIJİʌȐȞȦıIJȘıȤȐȡĮ-ȒȝȑıĮıIJȠIJĮȥȓ.ȂʌȠ-
ȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȝȩȞȠȝȓĮıȤȐȡĮǼȚțȒțĮȚIJȚȢIJȡİȚȢıȤȐȡİȢIJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮǼȚț
107
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ȉĮȥȓ ȖȚĮ ȥȘIJȐ ȝĮȖİȚȡİȣIJȐ ıIJȠ ijȠȪȡȞȠ țĮȚ ȡȠįȠȥȒıȚȝȠ
ǿįĮȞȚțȩȖȚĮțȠIJȩʌȠȣȜȠȥȘIJȩțȩțțȚȞȠ țȡȑĮȢȥȘIJȐȜĮȤĮȞȚțȐ
ʌĮȞIJİıʌȐȞȚțĮȚȩȜĮIJĮijĮȖȘIJȐijȠȪȡȞȠȣ
ȈȤȐȡĮ IJİȝȐȤȚĮ ȖȚĮ ĮʌȠȟȒȡĮȞıȘ IJȘȖȐȞȚıȝĮ ıIJȠȞ ĮȑȡĮ
ȡȠįȠȥȒıȚȝȠțĮȚijȡȣȖȐȞȚıȝĮǿįĮȞȚțȒȖȚĮȥȦȝȓʌĮIJȐIJİȢțȡȑĮȢ
ȥȐȡȚijȡȠȪIJĮȜĮȤĮȞȚțȐ
īȚĮȩȜĮIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮıIJȐȟȠȣȞțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮ
IJȠȣ ȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢ ʌȐȞȦ ıIJȘ ıȤȐȡĮ IJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİ IJȠ IJĮȥȓ ıIJȠ
ȤĮȝȘȜȩIJİȡȠİʌȓʌİįȠ
ǶijįȟȞįȗıțȢıȫıijıijȢȪĴțȞįȞıȝȑİțȟįȖȑȘıijıİȫȡĴȫȝȝįįȝȡȤȞțȟȪȥįȢijȡȤȬIJijıȟįįʍȡĴıȫ-
ȗȡȟijįțijįʍțijIJțȝȔIJȞįijįȜįȤijȡȫȝįİțȡȫIJijțȣșȝıȜijȢțȜȒȣįȟijțIJijȑIJıțȣijȡȤȚįȝȑȞȡȤȦșIJȔȞįijȡȣ
ȊȡʍȡȚıijȓIJijıȒȟįĴȫȝȝȡIJijȡijįȦȔȓIJijșIJȥȑȢįȜįțȒȟįȗțįȟįIJȜıʍȑIJıijıijįijȢȪĴțȞį
ȉıʍıȢȔʍijȧIJșʍȡȤȦȓȟıijıIJijșIJȥȑȢįȓIJijȡȜįȝȑȚțȞȡțȢȑIJijıȡȞȡțȪȞȡȢĴįijȡȝȑİțʍȑȟȧ
IJijįijȢȪĴțȞįȗțįȟįʍıijȫȥıijıijȢįȗįȟȪȜįțȜįȝȡȦșȞȒȟȡĴįȗșijȪȉijșIJȤȟȒȥıțįijȡʍȡȚıijȓIJijı
ijįijȢȪĴțȞįʍȡȤȚȒȝıijıȟįȞįȗıțȢȒȦıijıʍȑȟȧIJijșIJȥȑȢįȓȞȒIJįIJijȡȜįȝȑȚț
ȉıʍıȢȔʍijȧIJșʍȡȤȦȓȟıijıIJijșIJȥȑȢįȓIJijȡȜįȝȑȚțȓIJijșIJȡȫȖȝįȖȑȝijıȒȟįijįȦȔIJijȡ
ȥįȞșȝȪijıȢȡıʍȔʍıİȡijȡȤȚįȝȑȞȡȤȦșIJȔȞįijȡȣȗțįȟįIJȤȝȝȒȗȡȟijįțijįȝțʍįȢȑȇȢȡȜıțȞȒȟȡȤ
ȟįįʍȡĴȫȗıijıȜįʍȟȪİȤIJȡIJȞȔįȜįțijȡIJȥșȞįijțIJȞȪȜȢȡȫIJijįȣȖȑȝijıȝȔȗȡȟıȢȪIJijȡijįȦȔ
ȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠșİȡȝȐȞİIJİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮȖȚĮȜİʌIJȐʌȡȠIJȠȪȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȠȤȡȩȞȠȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȒ
ȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮʌȡȠıșȑıİIJİțĮIJİȣșİȓĮȞIJȠȤȡȩȞȠʌȡȠșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢıIJȠȤȡȩȞȠȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȝȑıĮıIJȠșȐȜĮȝȠȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢIJȘıȤȐȡĮ-ȒIJȠIJĮȥȓ.ȝİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮʌȠȣʌȡȠ-
İIJȠȚȝȐıĮIJİʌȡȠȘȖȠȣȝȑȞȦȢ
ȊȡʍȡȚıijȓIJijıijșIJȥȑȢįȓijȡijįȦȔȒijIJțȬIJijıijįijȢȪĴțȞįȟįıȔȟįțIJıįʍȪIJijįIJșijȡȤȝȑȥțIJijȡȟ
FPįʍȪijțȣșȝıȜijȢțȜȒȣįȟijțIJijȑIJıțȣʍȡȤȖȢȔIJȜȡȟijįțIJijȡʍȑȟȧȞȒȢȡȣijȡȤȚįȝȑȞȡȤȦșIJȔ-
Ȟįijȡȣ
ȃșȟȤʍıȢĴȡȢijȬȟıijıȞıʍȡȝȝȑijȢȪĴțȞįijțȣIJȥȑȢıȣijȡijįȦȔȓijȡȜįȝȑȚțȄįijșȢıȔijıijșȞȒȗț-
IJijșıʍțijȢıʍijȓʍȡIJȪijșijįʍȡȤįȟįȗȢȑĴıijįțIJijȡȟʍȔȟįȜį
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮʌȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘ
īȚĮȞĮĮȞȐȥİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓIJȠȣȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ3ȇȣșȝȓıIJİIJȠȞİʌȚșȣȝȘ-
IJȩȤȡȩȞȠȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢȅȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȢİȓȞĮȚȡȣșȝȚȗȩȝİȞȠȢȝȑȤȡȚȜİʌIJȐ
ȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ ĮȞȐȕİȚțĮȚȠijȠȪȡȞȠȢĮȡȤȓȗİȚIJȠȥȒıȚȝȠǵIJĮȞȜȒȟİȚȠ
ȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȠȢȤȡȩȞȠȢIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚıȕȒȞİȚ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ4ȇȣșȝȓıIJİIJȘȞİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ
ȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢȉȠʌİįȓȠșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢİȓȞĮȚȕĮșȝȠȓ
108
EL
ȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚıȦıIJȒȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ ĮȞȐȕİȚȂȩȜȚȢȘıȣıțİȣȒijIJȐıİȚıIJȘȞ
İʌȚșȣȝȘIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ ıȕȒȞİȚ
ȀĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮȞȐȥİIJİIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩijȦȢȝİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠ2
ȂȩȜȚȢIJȓșİIJĮȚıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȡȤȓȗİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮțĮȚȠĮİȡȚıȝȩȢȅșİȡȝȩȢȣʌȩʌȓİıȘĮȑ-
ȡĮȢİȟĮıijĮȜȓȗİȚȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijȘțĮIJĮȞȠȝȒIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢțĮȚȠȝȠȚȠȖİȞȒȥȒıȚȝȠıİʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡĮ
İʌȓʌİįĮȤȦȡȓȢȞĮĮȞĮȝȚȖȞȪȠȞIJĮȚȠȚȝȣȡȦįȚȑȢ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮıIJĮȝĮIJȒıİIJİʌȡȠıȦȡȚȞȐIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣȥȘıȓȝĮ-
IJȠȢȖȚĮȞĮĮȞĮțĮIJȑȥİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐȒȖȚĮȐȜȜȠȜȩȖȠ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȣȜȚțȫȞȗȘȝȚȫȞȂȘȞȕȐȗİIJİʌȚȡȠȪȞȚĮȒȐȜȜĮıțİȪȘȝȑıĮıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǹȣIJȒȘ
İȞȑȡȖİȚĮȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞİȚȗȘȝȚȐıIJȚȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȑȢĮȞIJȚıIJȐıİȚȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢțĮȚȞĮįȘȝȚȠȣȡ-
ȖȒıİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
īȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓIJȠȣȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ3ıIJȘȞșȑıȘȈȕȒȞȠȣȞ
ȠȚĮȞIJȚıIJȐıİȚȢ
ȈIJȠIJȑȜȠȢIJȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȘıȣıțİȣȒİțʌȑȝʌİȚȑȞĮȞȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȩȒȤȠȝʌȚʌțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚǹȞ
įİȞİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȠIJȠijĮȖȘIJȩȟĮȞĮȕȐȜIJİIJȠıIJȠșȐȜĮȝȠȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢțĮȚȡȣșȝȓıIJİIJȠȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ
ȖȚĮȝİȡȚțȐȜİʌIJȐ
ǿIJȤIJȜıȤȓıȔȟįțıĴȡİțįIJȞȒȟșȞıȝıțijȡȤȢȗȔįįȤijȪȞįijȡȤIJȖșIJȔȞįijȡȣǺȟȜįijȑijșİțȑȢȜıțį
ijȡȤȦșIJȔȞįijȡȣįȟȡȔȠıijıijșȟʍȪȢijįȚįIJȖȓIJȡȤȟįȤijȪȞįijįȡțșȝıȜijȢțȜȒȣįȟijțIJijȑIJıțȣȜįțijȡ
ıIJȧijıȢțȜȪĴȧȣǶijįȟȠįȟįȜȝıȔIJıijıijșȟʍȪȢijįșIJȤIJȜıȤȓIJȤȟıȥȔȘıțȟįȝıțijȡȤȢȗıȔȜįȟȡȟțȜȑ
ȜįțįȟȑȖıțʍȑȝțįȤijȪȞįijįijȡıIJȧijıȢțȜȪĴȧȣıĴȪIJȡȟijȡıȔȥįijıįȟȑȦıțʍȢȡșȗȡȤȞȒȟȧȣ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȀĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȘȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢIJĮȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘțĮȚIJȠțȡȪıIJĮȜ-
ȜȠțĮȓȞİȞĮĮȖȖȓȗİIJİȝȩȞȠIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒIJȘȢʌȩȡIJĮȢīȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȘıȤȐȡĮȒIJȠ
IJĮȥȓȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȖȐȞIJȚĮijȠȪȡȞȠȣȒʌİIJıȑIJİȢțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȠțȓȞįȣȞȠ
İȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞīȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚȒIJȘıȠȪȕȜĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȠʌȚȡȠȪȞȚʌȠȣ
ȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȠțȓȞįȣȞȠİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȂȘȞ
ĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȚȢĮȞIJȚıIJȐıİȚȢ
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠʌȠȡIJȐțȚ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞǵIJĮȞĮȞȠȓȖİȚȘʌȩȡIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȕȖĮȓȞİȚȗİıIJȩȢĮȑȡĮȢțĮȚĮIJȝȩȢ
ȀȡĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȡȩıȦʌȠțĮȚIJĮȤȑȡȚĮıĮȢȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩIJȠșȐȜĮȝȠȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢ
ȃĮʌȚȐȞİIJİIJȘıȤȐȡĮȒIJȠIJĮȥȓȝİȖȐȞIJȚĮijȠȪȡȞȠȣȒʌİIJıȑIJİȢțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢ
ǹįİȚȐıIJİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮıİȑȞĮʌȚȐIJȠȈİȡȕȓȡİIJİIJȠijĮȖȘIJȩ
ȀĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȡĮIJȘȡȒıİIJİʌȦȢIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȘȢșİȡ-
ȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ ĮȞȐȕİȚțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚʌİȡȚȠįȚțȐǹȣIJȩįİȓȤȞİȚIJȚȢİʌİȝȕȐıİȚȢIJȠȣșİȡȝȠıIJȐIJȘʌȠȣ
įȚĮIJȘȡİȓIJȘıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢīȚĮȞĮIJȡȠʌȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȠȤȡȩȞȠțĮȚIJȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ
țĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡįțİȚĮIJȠȣȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJĮțȠȣȝʌȚȐȡȪșȝȚıȘȢ
ȊįȞįȗıțȢıȞȒȟįijȢȪĴțȞįʍȢȒʍıțȟįıȔȟįțȢȡİȡȦșȞȒȟįȜįțȪȥțȜįĴȒȓȞįȫȢįǺĴįțȢȒIJijıįʍȪ
ijįijȢȪĴțȞįijįijȤȥȪȟȜįȞȒȟįȜįijȑȝȡțʍį
109
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īȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİĮʌȩIJȠțĮȜȐșȚIJĮȝİȖȐȜĮȒİȪșȡĮȣıIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȜĮȕȓįİȢIJȡȠ-
ijȓȝȦȞ
ǵIJĮȞȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓȑȞĮȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮȘıȣıțİȣȒȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓĮȝȑıȦȢȖȚĮȞĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑ-
ȥİIJİțȐIJȚȐȜȜȠ
ƴǖǍǃǐǖnjƾǓDŽNJǂǕǐǍǂDŽdžǀǒdžǍǂ
ǹȞșȑȜİIJİȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȝĮʌȡȠșİȡȝȐȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȦȡȓȢIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ȉĮȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮȣȜȚțȐȤȡİȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠȤȡȩȞȠȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢıİıȤȑıȘȝİIJĮȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡĮ
ȂİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞĮʌĮȚIJİȓȜȓȖȠȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠȤȡȩȞȠȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢİȞȫȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘ
ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞIJȘȖĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚıİȜȓȖȠıȣȞIJȠȝȩIJİȡȠȤȡȩȞȠ
ǹȞĮțĮIJİȪȠȞIJĮȢIJĮȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮȣȜȚțȐıIJȠȝȚıȩȤȡȩȞȠȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢȕİȜIJȚıIJȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚIJȠIJİȜȚțȩĮʌȠIJȑ-
ȜİıȝĮțĮȚįȚİȣțȠȜȪȞİIJĮȚIJȠȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijȠȥȒıȚȝȠ
īȚĮȞĮʌİIJȪȤİIJİIJȡĮȖĮȞȩĮʌȠIJȑȜİıȝĮĮȜİȓȥIJİȝİȜȐįȚIJȚȢijȡȑıțİȢȒțĮIJİȥȣȖȝȑȞİȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȡȠ-
IJȠȪIJȚȢȕȐȜİIJİȞĮȥȘșȠȪȞ
ȉĮıȞĮțʌȠȣıȣȞȒșȦȢȥȒȞȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠijȠȪȡȞȠȝʌȠȡȠȪȞȞĮȥȘșȠȪȞțĮȚıIJȘijȡȚIJȑȗĮĮȑȡȠȢ
ǾȕȑȜIJȚıIJȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİIJȡĮȖĮȞȐʌĮIJĮIJȐțȚĮİȓȞĮȚʌİȡȓʌȠȣȖȡĮȝȝȐȡȚĮ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȑIJȠȚȝĮȗȣȝȐȡȚĮȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİȖȡȒȖȠȡĮțĮȚİȪțȠȜĮȖİȝȚıIJȐıȞĮțǼʌȚʌȜȑȠȞIJĮ
ȑIJȠȚȝĮȗȣȝȐȡȚĮȝĮȖİȚȡİȪȠȞIJĮȚʌȚȠİȪțȠȜĮĮʌȩIJĮȗȣȝȐȡȚĮʌȠȣijIJȚȐȤȞȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠıʌȓIJȚ
ȂȘȞȥȒȞİIJİʌȠȜȪȜȚʌĮȡȐIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȞĮȗİıIJȐȞİIJİȒįȘȝĮȖİȚȡİȝȑȞĮijĮȖȘIJȐȇȣșȝȓıIJİIJȘ
șİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮıIJȠȣȢ&ȝİȤȡȩȞȠȜİʌIJȐ
ƲǒǐǒǖljǍNJǔǍƾǎǂǑǒǐDŽǒƽǍǍǂǕǂ
ȈIJȠȞʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦʌȓȞĮțĮĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚIJĮʌȡȠȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞĮʌȡȠȖȡȐȝȝĮIJĮʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞıIJȠȞʌȓ-
ȞĮțĮȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪ
ĬİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ& ȋȡȩȞȠȢPLQ
ʌĮIJȐIJİȢ IJȘȖĮȞȚIJȑȢ
țĮIJİȥȣȖȝȑȞİȢ
ȖȜȣțȐ
ȥȐȡȚ
țȠIJȩʌȠȣȜȠ ıIJȘ ıȠȪ-
ȕȜĮ
ıȠȣȕȜȐțȚĮ
țȩțțȚȞȠțȡȑĮȢ
110
EL
țȠIJȩʌȠȣȜȠ
ȠıIJȡĮțȠİȚįȒ
ȀȐșİıȪȝȕȠȜȠĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓıİȑȞĮʌȡȩȖȡĮȝȝĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȉȠʌȡȩȖȡĮȝȝĮİȓȞĮȚȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȠȝİ
IJȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮțĮȚIJȠȤȡȩȞȠȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢʌȠȣıȣȞȚıIJȫȞIJĮȚȖȚĮIJȠȞIJȪʌȠIJȦȞIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞȅȤȡȩȞȠȢ
ȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢİȓȞĮȚİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȢțĮȚİȟĮȡIJȐIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠʌȐȤȠȢțĮȚIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȦȞIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞʌȠȣ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪȞIJĮȚȂʌȠȡİȓIJİ ȞĮ IJȡȠʌȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİ IJȠȤȡȩȞȠțĮȚ IJȘ șİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮĮțȩȝĮțĮȚıIJĮ
ʌȡȠȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞĮʌȡȠȖȡȐȝȝĮIJĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
ȇȡIJȪijșijį
ıȝȑȥ²ȞȒȗ
ȗȢ
ȌȢȪȟȡȣ
(min) ĭıȢȞȡȜȢį-
IJȔį&
ȇȝșȢȡĴȡȢȔıȣ
ȇįijȑijıȣȜįțʍįijįijȑȜțį
ȆĮIJĮIJȐțȚĮțĮIJİȥȣȖȝȑȞĮ
țȠȝȝȑȞĮȜİʌIJȐ
ȆĮIJĮIJȐțȚĮțĮIJİȥȣȖȝȑȞĮ
țȠȝȝȑȞĮȤȠȞIJȡȐ
ȆĮIJȐIJİȢȠȖțȡĮIJȑȞ
ȁȢȒįȣȜįțʍȡȤȝıȢțȜȑ
ȂʌȚijIJȑțȚ
ȆĮȧįȐțȚĮȤȠȚȡȚȞȐ
ȋȐȝʌȠȣȡȖțİȡ
ȁȠȣțȐȞȚțȠȡȠȜȩ
ȂʌȠȪIJȚĮțȠIJȩʌȠȣȜȠȣ
ȀȠIJȩʌȠȣȜȠıIJȒșȠȢ
ȀȠIJȩʌȠȣȜȠ
ȉȟȑȜ
ȈʌȡȚȞȖțȡȠȜȢ ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİ
ʌȡȠȝĮȖİȚȡİȣȝȑȞĮ
ʌȡȠȧȩȞIJĮ
ȂʌȠȣțȚȑȢĮʌȩțĮIJİȥȣȖ-
ȝȑȞȠțȠIJȩʌȠȣȜȠ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİ
ʌȡȠȝĮȖİȚȡİȣȝȑȞĮ
ʌȡȠȧȩȞIJĮ
ȀĮIJİȥȣȖȝȑȞĮȝʌĮıIJȠȣ-
ȞȐțȚĮȥĮȡȚȠȪ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİ
ʌȡȠȝĮȖİȚȡİȣȝȑȞĮ
ʌȡȠȧȩȞIJĮ
111
EL
ȇȡIJȪijșijį
ıȝȑȥ²ȞȒȗ
ȗȢ
ȌȢȪȟȡȣ
(min) ĭıȢȞȡȜȢį-
IJȔį&
ȇȝșȢȡĴȡȢȔıȣ
ȊȢȪĴțȞįȜįijıȦȤȗȞȒȟį
ʍįȟȒ
ȈȞĮțȝİIJȣȡȓ ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİ
ʌȡȠȝĮȖİȚȡİȣȝȑȞĮ
ʌȡȠȧȩȞIJĮ
ȁĮȤĮȞȚțȐȖİȝȚıIJȐ
ȊȢȪĴțȞįĴȡȫȢȟȡȤ
ȀȑȚț ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȑȞĮ
ıțİȪȠȢijȠȪȡȞȠȣ
ȆȓIJĮțȚȢ ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȑȞĮ
ıțİȪȠȢijȠȪȡȞȠȣ
ʌȣȡȑȟ
ȂȐijȚȞ ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȑȞĮ
ıțİȪȠȢijȠȪȡȞȠȣ
ȈȞĮțȖȜȣțȐ ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȑȞĮ
ıțİȪȠȢijȠȪȡȞȠȣ
ʌȣȡȑȟ
ǺʍȡȠȓȢįȟIJșijȢȡĴȔȞȧȟ
ĭȡȠȪIJĮȜĮȤĮȞȚțȐ
țȡȑĮȢȥȐȡȚȥȦȝȓ
ȫȡİȢ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȚȢ
IJȡİȚȢıȤȐȡİȢʌȠȣ
ʌȡȠȝȘșİȪȠȞIJĮȚȝİIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒ-
ƭdžNJǕǐǖǒDŽǀǂǂǖǕǝǍǂǕǐǖǔǃLjǔǀǍǂǕǐǓ
ǹȣIJȒȘıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚİijȠįȚĮıȝȑȞȘȝİȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘǵIJĮȞȠȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȢijIJȐıİȚıIJȠȣȢ³´
ȘıȣıțİȣȒİțʌȑȝʌİȚȑȞĮȞȒȤȠțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮȉȠıȪıIJȘȝĮĮİȡȚıȝȠȪıIJĮȝĮIJȐİȚȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐ
ĮȡȖȩIJİȡĮ
ǹȞĮȞȠȓȟİIJİIJȘȞʌȩȡIJĮțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢȘıȣıțİȣȒșĮıȕȒıİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮǵIJĮȞȟĮ-
ȞĮțȜİȓıİIJİIJȘȞʌȩȡIJĮȘıȣıțİȣȒıȣȞİȤȓȗİȚIJȘȞțĮȞȠȞȚțȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮțĮȚIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩijȦȢĮȞȐȕİȚ
ĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮ
112
EL
ƹƩƴƫƮƱƴƵƩƴƱƶƤƭƣ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘıȤȐȡĮ-ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠIJĮȥȓ.ıIJȠȤĮȝȘȜȩIJİȡȠİʌȓʌİįȠIJȠȣșĮȜȐȝȠȣȥȘ-
ıȓȝĮIJȠȢǼȚț
īȚĮȩȜĮIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮʌȠȣșĮȥȒıİIJİıIJȘıȠȪȕȜĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠ
IJĮȥȓıIJȠȤĮȝȘȜȩIJİȡȠİʌȓʌİįȠ
ȂİIJĮțȚȞȒıIJİʌȐȞȦıIJȘıȠȪȕȜĮ0ȑȞĮĮʌȩIJĮʌȚȡȠȪȞȚĮȝİIJȚȢįȪȠĮȚȤȝȑȢıIJȡĮȝȝȑȞİȢʌȡȠȢ
IJĮȝȑıĮțĮȚȕȚįȫıIJİȖȚĮȞĮĮțȚȞȘIJȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȠȪȕȜĮǼȚțǻȑıIJİIJȠȥȘIJȩȝİIJȠıʌȐȖțȠ
țȡȑĮȢțȠIJȩʌȠȣȜȠțȜʌțĮȚIJȡȣʌȒıIJİIJȠȝİIJȠʌȚȡȠȪȞȚijȡȠȞIJȓȗȠȞIJĮȢȞĮțİȞIJȡȐȡİIJİțĮȜȐ
IJȠțȡȑĮȢȂİIJĮIJȠʌȓıIJİIJȘįİȪIJİȡȘʌȚȡȠȪȞĮʌȐȞIJĮȝİIJȚȢĮȚȤȝȑȢʌȡȠȢIJĮȝȑıĮȄİȕȚįȫıIJİĮȞ
ȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚIJȘȞʌȡȫIJȘʌȚȡȠȪȞĮȖȚĮȞĮțİȞIJȡȐȡİIJİIJȠȥȘIJȩʌȐȞȦıIJȘıȠȪȕȜĮțĮȚıIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮ
ĮțȚȞȘIJȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȚȢįȪȠʌȚȡȠȪȞİȢ
ȆİȡȐıIJİIJȠȐțȡȠIJȘȢıȠȪȕȜĮȢıIJȘȞțȠȚȜȩIJȘIJĮʌȠȣȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚțȠȞIJȐıIJȠĮȡȚıIJİȡȩȝȘȤĮȞȠțȓȞȘ-
IJȠȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȖȝĮǼȚțǹțȠȣȝʌȒıIJİIJȠĮʌȑȞĮȞIJȚȐțȡȠıIJȠįİȟȓȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȖȝĮǼȚț
ȆȡȠȤȦȡȒıIJİıIJȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮIJȦȞIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ©ȅįȘȖȓİȢȖȚĮ
IJȘȤȡȒıȘª
ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȒȢIJȘȢıȠȪȕȜĮȢȒIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪ ĬĮĮȞȐȥİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮțĮȚIJȠ
İıȦIJİȡȚțȩijȦȢīȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȒıİȠʌȠȚĮȞįȒʌȠIJİıIJȚȖȝȒʌȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠ
ʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȒȢIJȘȢıȠȪȕȜĮȢȒIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪ2
ǵIJĮȞIJİȜİȚȫıİȚIJȠȥȒıȚȝȠȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȠʌȚȡȠȪȞȚ1ȖȚĮȞĮĮȞĮıȘțȫıİIJİIJȘıȠȪȕȜĮĮʌȩ
IJȘȝİȡȚȐIJȠȣįİȟȚȠȪȣʌȠıIJȘȡȓȖȝĮIJȠȢțĮȚıIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȐȜȜȠȐțȡȠĮʌȩIJȠĮȡȚıIJİȡȩ
ȝȘȤĮȞȠțȓȞȘIJȠȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȖȝĮǼȚț
ƮƣƥƧƫƳƧƮƣƴƵƱƬƣƭƣƪƫ
īȚĮȞĮĮȞȠȓȟİIJİIJȠʌȠȡIJȐțȚIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪĮȞĮıȘțȫıIJİIJȠȐȖțȚıIJȡȠǼȚț
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ȀȜİȓıIJİIJȠʌȠȡIJȐțȚIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪ
īȚĮȩȜĮIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮʌȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȥİIJİȝİIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȖȐȞȚıȝĮ
ıIJȠȞĮȑȡĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠIJĮȥȓıIJȠȤĮȝȘȜȩIJİȡȠİʌȓʌİįȠ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢʌIJȫıȘȢIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞıIJȠșȐȜĮȝȠȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢȀĮIJȐIJȘȞʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȒȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȑıȠȣȞ
IJȡȩijȚȝĮĮʌȩIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȑțȜİȚıİIJȠʌȠȡIJȐțȚIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘıȤȐȡĮ-ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠIJĮȥȓ.ıIJȠȤĮȝȘȜȩIJİȡȠİʌȓʌİįȠIJȠȣșĮȜȐȝȠȣȥȘ-
ıȓȝĮIJȠȢǼȚț
ȆİȡȐıIJİIJȠȐțȡȠIJȠȣȐȟȠȞĮIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪıIJȘȞțȠȚȜȩIJȘIJĮʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚțȠȞIJȐıIJȠĮȡȚıIJİȡȩ
EL
ȝȘȤĮȞȠțȓȞȘIJȠȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȖȝĮǼȚțǹțȠȣȝʌȒıIJİIJȠĮʌȑȞĮȞIJȚȐțȡȠıIJȠįİȟȓȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȖȝĮ
ȆȡȠȤȦȡȒıIJİıIJȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮIJȦȞIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ©ȅįȘȖȓİȢȖȚĮ
IJȘȤȡȒıȘª
ȆȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȒȢIJȘȢıȠȪȕȜĮȢȒIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪ ĬĮĮȞȐȥİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮțĮȚIJȠ
İıȦIJİȡȚțȩijȦȢīȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȒıİȠʌȠȚĮȞįȒʌȠIJİıIJȚȖȝȒʌȚȑıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠ
ʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȒȢIJȘȢıȠȪȕȜĮȢȒIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪ2
ȈIJȠIJȑȜȠȢIJȠȣȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȠʌȚȡȠȪȞȚ1ȖȚĮȞĮĮȞĮıȘțȫıİIJİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚĮʌȩ
IJȘȝİȡȚȐIJȠȣįİȟȚȠȪȣʌȠıIJȘȡȓȖȝĮIJȠȢțĮȚȪıIJİȡĮȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠȐȜȜȠȐțȡȠIJȠȣĮʌȩIJȠȝȘȤĮȞȠțȓȞȘIJȠ
ĮȡȚıIJİȡȩȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȖȝĮǼȚț
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƬƣƫƴƶƯƵƩƳƩƴƩ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȆȡȚȞʌȡȠȕİȓIJİıIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠ
ijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİʌȑȝȕĮıȘʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜİȓIJĮȚĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıİȚȘıȣıțİȣȒ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȣȜȚțȫȞȗȘȝȚȫȞ
ȀȐșİIJȩıȠȞĮİȜȑȖȤİIJİIJȘȞțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣ
țĮȚĮȞįȚĮʌȚıIJȫıİIJİțȐʌȠȚĮijșȠȡȐȞĮĮʌİȣșȣȞșİȓIJİıİȑȞĮțȑȞIJȡȠIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢ
ıȑȡȕȚȢȖȚĮIJȘȞĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮȚȤȝȘȡȐİȡȖĮȜİȓĮțĮȚıijȠȣȖȖȐȡȚĮȝİIJȡĮȤȚȐİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮȖȚĮȞĮțĮșĮȡȓ-
ıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕLjǓǔǖǔNjdžǖƿǓ
ȆȡȚȞĮʌȩțȐșİȤȡȒıȘțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠijȠȪȡȞȠĮʌȩIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞȒȥȓȤȠȣȜȦȞ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐȝȑȡȘȝİȑȞĮțĮșĮȡȩțĮȚĮʌĮȜȩʌĮȞȓțĮȚıțȠȣʌȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮıIJİȖȞȩʌĮȞȓ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩȝȑȡȠȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓȝȠȣıțİȝȑȞȠȝİȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩ
ȈțȠȣʌȓıIJİIJȚȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞĮʌȩIJȚȢĮȞIJȚıIJȐıİȚȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮıIJİȖȞȩʌĮȞȓ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȣȜȚțȫȞȗȘȝȚȫȞȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİȩȟȚȞİȢȠȣıȓİȢʌȐȞȦıIJȚȢȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢǹȞȝİȓ-
ȞȠȣȞȖȚĮʌȠȜȜȒȫȡĮȠȚȩȟȚȞİȢȠȣıȓİȢȩʌȦȢȤȣȝȩȢȜİȝȠȞȚȠȪțȠȞıȑȡȕĮȞIJȠȝȐIJĮȢȟȪįȚțĮȚȐȜȜİȢ
ʌĮȡȩȝȠȚİȢșĮįȚĮȕȡȫıȠȣȞțĮȚșĮșĮȝʌȫıȠȣȞIJȠıȝȐȜIJȠ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȐʌȠȣȤĮȡȐȟȠȣȞȒ ȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐ ĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮȖȚĮȞĮȝȘȞ
ȤĮȜȐıİIJİIJȘȞĮȞIJȚțȠȜȜȘIJȚțȒİʌȑȞįȣıȘ
īȚĮIJȠțĮșȐȡȚıȝĮIJȦȞİıȦIJİȡȚțȫȞİʌȚijĮȞİȚȫȞȝȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑʌȡȠȧȩȞIJĮʌȠȣįȚĮ-
ȕȡȫȞȠȣȞIJȠĮȜȠȣȝȓȞȚȠĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȐıİıʌȡȑȚțĮȚȝȘȞIJȡȓȕİIJİIJĮIJȠȚȤȫȝĮIJĮȝİĮȚȤȝȘȡȐ
ȒțȠijIJİȡȐĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮ
ȂȘȞʌȜȑȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞ
ȈIJȠIJȑȜȠȢțȐșİȤȡȒıȘȢĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıİȚIJİȜİȓȦȢȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȚȢİıȦIJİȡȚțȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȝİ
ȞİȡȩțĮȚĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȩʌȚȐIJȦȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮȣȖȡȩıijȠȣȖȖȐȡȚ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠİȟȦIJİȡȚțȩȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓ
114
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ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǚǎdžǏǂǒǕLjǍƽǕǚǎ
ȅȚıȤȐȡİȢIJȠIJĮȥȓIJȠțĮȜȐșȚțĮȚȘıȠȪȕȜĮȝʌȠȡȠȪȞȞĮʌȜȑȞȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞǼȞĮȜ-
ȜĮțIJȚțȐȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȑȞĮțȠȚȞȩĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȩʌȚȐIJȦȞțĮȚȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚȤȦȡȓȢ
IJȡĮȤȚȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
īȚĮȞĮȝĮȜĮțȫıȠȣȞIJĮțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮIJȡȠijȫȞıIJȠțĮȜȐșȚȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠȝİȗİıIJȩ
Ȟİȡȩ
ȆȡȠıșȑıIJİȝİȡȚțȑȢıIJĮȖȩȞİȢĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚțĮȚĮijȒıIJİIJȠȖȚĮȜİʌIJȐ
ʌİȡȓʌȠȣȆȜȪȞİIJİțĮȚıțȠȣʌȓıIJİ
ǾʌȩȡIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮʌȠıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖİȓIJĮȚȖȚĮʌȜȪıȚȝȠıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞ
ǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠʌȠȡIJȐțȚ
ȂİIJĮIJȠʌȓıIJİIJȠįȡȠȝȑĮ+ʌȡȠȢIJĮĮȡȚıIJİȡȩțĮȚĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞʌȩȡIJĮĮʌȩIJȠĮȡȚıIJİȡȩȣʌȠ-
ıIJȒȡȚȖȝĮǼȚț
ȉȡĮȕȒȟIJİIJȘȞʌȩȡIJĮʌȡȠȢIJĮįİȟȚȐȖȚĮIJȘȞİȜİȣșİȡȫıİIJİĮʌȩIJȠįİȟȓȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȖȝĮ
ǼțIJİȜȑıIJİĮȣIJȒIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮȞIJȓıIJȡȠijĮȖȚĮȞĮİʌĮȞĮıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİIJȘȞʌȩȡIJĮ
ƲƺƴƯƣƣƲƱƬƣƵƣƴƵƩƴƧƵƧƵƫƴƲƣƳƣƬƣƵƺƣƯƺƮƣƭƫƧƴ
ȆȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ȆȚșĮȞȑȢĮȚIJȓİȢ ǻȚȠȡșȦIJȚțȑȢİʌİȝȕȐıİȚȢ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓ ǻİȞȑȤİIJİȕȐȜİȚIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞ
ʌȡȓȗĮ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒ
ʌȡȓȗĮʌȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚ
ȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘ
ǻİȞİȓȞĮȚȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȠȢȠ
ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȢ īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓIJȠȣȤȡȠȞȠįȚ-
ĮțȩʌIJȘȇȣșȝȓıIJİIJȠȞİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȩ
ȤȡȩȞȠȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢ
ǾʌȩȡIJĮįİȞȑȤİȚțȜİȓıİȚ
ıȦıIJȐ ȀȜİȓıIJİțĮȜȐIJȘȞʌȩȡIJĮIJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐįİȞȥȒșȘțĮȞ
ıȦıIJȐ ǾʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȣȜȚțȫȞİȓȞĮȚ
ȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒ ǺȐȜIJİȜȚȖȩIJİȡĮȣȜȚțȐȂȚĮȝȚ-
țȡȩIJİȡȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȝĮȖİȚȡİȪİIJĮȚ
ʌȚȠȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮ
ǾȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ
İȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪȤĮȝȘȜȒ ǹȣȟȒıIJİIJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȥȘıȓ-
ȝĮIJȠȢīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȡȪșȝȚ-
ıȘȢIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ
ȅȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȠȢȤȡȩȞȠȢȖȚĮIJȠ
ȥȒıȚȝȠİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪȤĮȝȘȜȩȢ ǹȣȟȒıIJİ IJȠ ȤȡȩȞȠ ȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓIJȠȣȤȡȠȞȠįȚ-
ĮțȩʌIJȘ
ȉĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮįİȞȥȒȞȠȞIJĮȚ
ȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮ ȀȐʌȠȚĮȣȜȚțȐȤȡİȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚ
ĮȞĮțȐIJİȝĮĮȡțİIJȑȢijȠȡȑȢ
țĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣȥȘıȓ-
ȝĮIJȠȢ
ȆȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȞĮțĮIJİȪİIJİțĮIJȐIJȘ
įȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢIJĮȣȜȚ-
țȐʌȠȪİȓȞĮȚʌȐȞȦȒıțİʌĮıȝȑ-
ȞĮĮʌȩȐȜȜĮȣȜȚțȐʌĮIJȐIJİȢ
ȉĮIJȘȖĮȞȚıȝȑȞĮıȞĮțįİȞ
İȓȞĮȚIJȡĮȖĮȞȐ ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİıȞĮțʌȠȣ
ȝĮȖİȚȡİȪȠȞIJĮȚȝİʌĮȡĮįȠıȚĮ-
țȠȪȢIJȡȩʌȠȣȢ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİıȞĮțijȠȪȡȞȠȣ
țĮȚĮȜİȓȥIJİIJĮȝİȜȐįȚʌȡȠIJȠȪIJĮ
ȕȐȜİIJİıIJȠșȐȜĮȝȠȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢ
115
EL
ȆȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ȆȚșĮȞȑȢĮȚIJȓİȢ ǻȚȠȡșȦIJȚțȑȢİʌİȝȕȐıİȚȢ
DZıʌȡȠȢțĮʌȞȩȢȕȖĮȓȞİȚ
ĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ ȂĮȖİȚȡİȪİIJİȣȜȚțȐȝİʌİȡȚı-
ıȩIJİȡĮȜȚʌĮȡȐ ǵIJĮȞIJȘȖĮȞȓȗİIJİIJȡȩijȚȝĮȝİ
ʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡĮȜȚʌĮȡȐıȣȜȜȑȖİ-
IJĮȚʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠȜȐįȚıIJȠIJĮȥȓ
ȉȠȜȐįȚʌĮȡȐȖİȚʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠ
ȐıʌȡȠțĮʌȞȩĮʌȩIJȠıȣȞȘșȚ-
ıȝȑȞȠțĮIJȐIJȘȞįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣ
ȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢǹȣIJȩįİȞȑȤİȚ
țĮȝȓĮİʌȓʌIJȦıȘıIJȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮ
țĮȚıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȈIJȠȞțȐįȠȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚ-
ʌĮȜȓʌȠȣȢĮʌȩʌȡȠȘȖȠȪȝİȞĮ
IJȘȖĮȞȓıȝĮIJĮ
ȅȜİȣțȩȢțĮʌȞȩȢʌȡȠțĮȜİȓIJĮȚ
ȩIJĮȞȗİıIJĮȓȞİIJĮȚIJȠȜȐįȚȒIJȠ
ȜȓʌȠȢʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȚȢĮȞIJȚ-
ıIJȐıİȚȢȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐ
IJȠșȐȜĮȝȠȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢȝİIJȐIJȘ
ȤȡȒıȘǾİȡȖĮıȓĮĮȣIJȒʌȡȑʌİȚ
ȞĮȖȓȞİȚȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚțȡȪĮȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒ
ȅȚijȡȑıțİȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȠȣ
İȓȞĮȚțȠȝȝȑȞİȢıİȜȦȡȓ-
įİȢįİȞȑȤȠȣȞIJȘȖĮȞȚıșİȓ
ȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȠȣ
įİȞİȓȞĮȚțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜİȢȖȚĮ
ȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİijȡȑıțİȢ
ʌĮIJȐIJİȢțĮȚȖȣȡȓıIJİIJȚȢțĮșȫȢ
IJȘȖĮȞȓȗȠȞIJĮȚ
ȄİʌȜȪȞIJİțĮȚıțȠȣʌȓıIJİIJȚȢ
ʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȡȠIJȠȪIJȚȢIJȘȖĮȞȓ-
ıİIJİ
ȄİʌȜȪȞIJİIJȚȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢțĮȚĮijĮȚ-
ȡȑıIJİȩȜȠIJȠȐȝȣȜȠʌȠȣȑȤİȚ
İʌȚțĮșȒıİȚıIJȘȞİʌȚijȐȞİȚȐIJȠȣȢ
ȅȚijȡȑıțİȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȠȣ
İȓȞĮȚțȠȝȝȑȞİȢıİȜȦȡȓįİȢ
įİȞİȓȞĮȚIJȡĮȖĮȞȑȢȝȩȜȚȢ
ȕȖĮȓȞȠȣȞĮʌȩIJȘijȡȚIJȑȗĮ
ȅȚIJȘȖĮȞȚıȝȑȞİȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢșĮ
İȓȞĮȚIJȩıȠIJȡĮȖĮȞȑȢĮȞȐȜȠȖĮ
ȝİIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪʌȠȣ
ʌİȡȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮȚIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ
ȜĮįȚȠȪʌȠȣȕȐȜĮIJİțĮIJȐIJȘȞ
ʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮIJȠȣȢ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚIJİȜİȓȦȢ
ıIJİȖȞȑȢȠȚʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȡȚȞʌȡȠ-
ıșȑıİIJİȜȐįȚ
țĮȚțȩȥIJİIJȚȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢıİȝȚțȡȑȢ
ȜȦȡȓįİȢȖȚĮȞĮȖȓȞȠȣȞIJȡĮȖĮȞȑȢ
ȆȡȠıșȑıIJİȜȓȖȠʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦȜȐįȚ
ȖȚĮȞĮȖȓȞȠȣȞʌȚȠIJȡĮȖĮȞȑȢ
116
EL
ǿǼDzdzǾǴǮǻǶdzDzǮǻǻǼǷǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶǶ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɛɵɥɨɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨɜɩɨɥɧɨɦɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɹɦɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɧɨɪɦɢɜɫɟɟɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɡɚɳɢɬɨɣɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢɦɟɪɚɦɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɢɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɜɦɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬ-
ɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟȿɫɥɢɜɵɪɟɲɢɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɪɭɤɢɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɷɬɭɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
Ɇɟɪɵɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸɨɠɨɝɨɜ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ɍɝɪɨɡɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɚɹɢɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ǻǮǵǻǮȅdzǻǶdzȁǿȀǾǼǷǿȀǰǮ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟ-
ɧɢɹɠɢɞɤɢɯɛɥɸɞȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɦɢɩɪɨɢɡ-
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɨɧɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɟɛɹɨɬɤɚɤɨɣɥɢɛɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɦɨɝɭɬɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɧɟɧɟɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹȼɧɟɫɟɧɢɟɥɸɛɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɜɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɥɟɱɟɬɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɨɬɦɟɧɭɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
ǼǿȀǮȀǼȅǻȉdzǾǶǿǸǶ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɸɪɟɲɟɬɤɚɦ
ɜɟɪɬɟɥɭɤɨɪɡɢɧɟɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɱɚɫɬɹɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɦɢ-
ɧɭɬɵɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɨɬɫɬɵɧɭɬɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǼǿǼǯǹȌDzdzǻǶǶǺdzǾǯdzǵǼǽǮǿǻǼǿȀǶ
ɊɀɋɀȿɊɀɋȽɖɇɃɌɊɉɆɗɂɉȽȻɈɃɀɇɊɋɃȼɉɋȻɈɀɉȼɐɉȿɃɇɉȽɈɃɇȻ-
ɍɀɆɗɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɍɗɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɎəɃɈɌɍɋɎɅɑɃə
ɗɬɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɢɥɢ
ɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɫɧɢɦɢɤɚɤɬɨ
ɜɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɜɨɮɢɫɨɜɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɨɬ-
ɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ
ɧɚɮɟɪɦɚɯ
117
RU
-
ɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɦɨɬɟɥɟɣɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣɠɢɥɨɝɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɜɦɟɫɬɚɯɬɢɩɚɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɧɟɫɟɬɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɜɰɟɥɹɯɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɦɪɭ-
ɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɬɤɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɟɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɣɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɩɪɢɟɝɨɨɬɫɵɥɤɟɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪ-
ɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɨɜɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɢɥɢɧɟ
ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɭɞɚɪɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɨɤɚɢɥɢɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹɜɪɟɞɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (& ʋ ɨɬ
ɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɫɩɢɳɟɜɵɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȒșȭȒȓȠȓȗ
Ɋɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɟɬɶɦɢɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬɢɥɢɰɚ-
ɦɢɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɦɢɢɥɢɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɩɨɫɨɛ-
ɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɛɟɡɨɩɵɬɚɢɥɢɭɦɟɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɨɦɢɥɢɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟ-
ɧɢɣɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɨɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɯɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɹɯ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɞɟɬɹɦɢɝɪɚɬɶɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɵ ɞɟɬɹɦɧɟ
ɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ
Ⱦɟɪɠɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɦɟɫɬɟɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬ
Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɱɬɨɛɵɞɟɬɹɦɛɵɥɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɧɚɝɪɟ-
ɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɞɟɬɢɧɟɦɨɝɥɢɩɨɬɹɧɭɬɶɡɚɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɫɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɫɪɨɤɚɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɹɯɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɬɢ-
ɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɫɞɟɥɚɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɩɪɢ-
ɝɨɞɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶ-
ɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɝɪɭɲɤɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ǺȓȞȩȏȓȕȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȖȝȜȝȞȓȒȜȠȐȞȎȧȓțȖȬȜȔȜȑȜȐ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɠɨɝɨɜ ɇɟ ɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɱɚɫɬɹɦ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɫɬɟɤɥɭɞɜɟɪɰɵɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɦɢɧɭ-
ɬɵɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɊɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɪɭɱɤɟɞɜɟɪ-
118
RU
ɰɵɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɨɬɫɬɵɧɭɬɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ʉɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɢɡɜɥɟɱɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɉɟɪɟɞɨɱɢɫɬɤɨɣɩɨɡɜɨɥɶɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɶɫɹ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɤɚɜɧɟɦɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɩɢɳɚ
Ʉɥɚɞɢɬɟɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɜɫɟɝɞɚɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɪɟɲɟɬɤɢɢɥɢɜɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚ-
ɧɢɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɟɞɵɫɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɧɟɡɚɫɨɪɹɥɢɫɶɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɇɟɧɚɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɦɚɫɥɨɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɡɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶɜɵɛɪɨɫɵɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɢɩɚɪɚɋɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶɧɟɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɬɶ
ɥɢɰɨɢɪɭɤɢɤɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɦɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹɞɜɟɪɰɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɡɧɟɝɨɜɵɯɨɞɹɬɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɝɨɪɹɱɢɣ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɢɩɚɪɇɟɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɣɬɟɪɭɤɢɢɥɢɰɨɤɞɜɟɪɰɟ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɡɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɱɟɪɧɨɝɨɞɵɦɚɧɟ-
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɈɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɞɵɦɧɟɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɢɡɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɟɞɭ
ɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɝɨɪɹɱɚɹɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɥɢ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸɫɟɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɜɫɬɪɚɧɟɟɝɨɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɟɝɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɜ
ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɰɟɧɬɪɟɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɹɟɝɨɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɞɨɥɠɧɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨ-
ɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɟ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɪɨɡɟɬɤɟɫɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɦɨɤɪɵɦɢɪɭɤɚɦɢɢɥɢɛɨɫɵɦɢɧɨɝɚɦɢ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜ ɲɧɭɪɟɢɥɢɜɢɥɤɟɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ Ʌɸɛɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɡɚɦɟɧɭ ɲɧɭɪɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯȺɪɢ-
ɷɬɟɢɥɢɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ$ULHWHɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨ
ɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ɇɟɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɤɬɨɣɠɟɪɨɡɟɬɤɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɞɪɭɝɨɣɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɩɟɱɢɭɬɸɝɢɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɢɢɬɞɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɢɷɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɧɚɝɪɟ-
ɬɵɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
119
RU
ȼɵɧɢɦɚɹɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɧɟɬɹɧɢɬɟɟɟɡɚɩɪɨɜɨɞ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɨɫɬɪɵɦɢɢɪɟɠɭ-
ɳɢɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɉɪɢɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɬɹɧɭɬɶɟɝɨɡɚɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɝɪɨɡɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪ-
țȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɚɬɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɷɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɨɲɧɭɪ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɱɟɪɟɡɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟɬɚɣ-
ɦɟɪɵɢɥɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɫɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɡɚɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɢɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɵɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɩɪɨ-
ɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚɭɬɸɝɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɢɫɥɟɝɤɚɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸɢɬɨɥɶ-
ɤɨɩɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɜɵɜɵɬɚɳɢɥɢɜɢɥɤɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɡ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɢɜɫɟɱɚɫɬɢɭɬɸɝɚɨɫɬɵɥɢɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɥɸɛɵɟɪɚɫɬɜɨ-
ɪɢɬɟɥɢɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɱɚɫɬɢ
ɇɟɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɨɡɥɟɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɬɤɚɧɟɣɡɚɧɚɜɟɫɨɤ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɭɛɪɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɧɭɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȾɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹɩɨɤɚ
ɨɫɬɵɧɭɬɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
ɞɨɠɞɶɫɨɥɧɰɟɢɬɞ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
ɇɟɥɶɡɹɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɦɨɝɭɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ-
ɜɚɬɶɫɹɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɨɬɧɟɝɨɢɧɟɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɏɪɚɧɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɜɫɭɯɨɦɯɨɪɨɲɨɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
ȁȑȞȜȕȎȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȡȧȓȞȏȎȐȩȕȐȎțțȎȭȖțȩȚȖ
ȝȞȖȥȖțȎȚȖ
ȼɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɬɟɫɶɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɞɚɠɟɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɨɛɹɡɚ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣȾɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ(8ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɡɧɚɤɨ-
ɦɢɬɶɫɹɫɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɩɚɦɹɬɤɨɣ
ȃǾǮǻǶȀȊ ǻǮǿȀǼȍȇdzdz ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼ ǽǼ ȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮ-
ȄǶǶ
120
RU
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdzǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
A - Ʉɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ / ɐɟɧɬɪɢɮɭɝɚ
B - Ƚɨɬɨɜɨɱɧɚɹɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ 0ȼɟɪɬɟɥɞɥɹɝɪɢɥɹ
C - Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ 1ȼɢɥɤɚɞɥɹɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɹɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ
'Ⱦɜɟɪɰɚ 2Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɫɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ
E - Ɋɭɱɤɚ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɚɛɨɬɵ
)Ʌɟɜɚɹɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɚɹɨɩɨɪɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɚɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɹ
ɢɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɩɨɞɫɜɟɬɤɢ
*ɉɪɚɜɚɹɨɩɨɪɚ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
+Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɞɜɟɪɰɵ 3Ɋɭɱɤɚɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
, Ɋɭɤɨɹɬɤɚɞɥɹɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ 4Ɋɭɤɨɹɬɤɚɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚɩɥɢɬɤɢ
- Ɋɟɲɟɬɤɚɲɬ 5Ⱥɷɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ
K - ɉɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶ
ǶȒȓțȠȖȢȖȘȎȤȖȜțțȩȓȒȎțțȩȓ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɭɤɚɡɚɧɵɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɞɚɧ-
ɧɵɟ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚȿɋ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ0RG
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣʋ61
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟȼɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ:
ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɚɹɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɚɹɫɥɭɠɛɚɬɟɯɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɉɪɢɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢɡɚɹɜɤɢɜȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǽdzǾdzDzǽdzǾǰȉǺǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶdzǺ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɪɟɞɚɇɟɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨ-
ɪɚɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɨɣɮɨɥɶɝɨɣɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɪɨɜɧɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɟɨɬɜɨɞɵɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɢ
ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɣɜɵɫɨɤɭɸɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
- ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ɏɜɠɟɣɭɠɬɷɝɭɩɧɲɭɩɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɠɝɛɳɠɤɟɩɧɛɳɨɠɤɬɠɭɣɬɩɩɭɝɠɭɬɭɝɮɠɭɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɹ
ɮɥɛɢɛɨɨɩɧɮɨɛɭɛɜɦɣɲɥɠɬɭɠɰɨɣɲɠɬɥɣɧɣɟɛɨɨɶɧɣɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɪɟɞɚɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɧɟ
ɦɟɧɟɟɫɦɨɬɫɬɟɧɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜɦɟɛɟɥɢɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
ɇɟɩɨɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵɧɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɭɸɞɜɟɪɰɭ
121
RU
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɟɪɜɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɨɦɨɣɬɟɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ-ɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶ.ɤɨɪɡɢɧɭ/ɢ
ɜɟɪɬɟɥ0Ɋɟɲɟɬɤɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɢɜɟɪɬɟɥɦɨɠɧɨɦɵɬɶɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟȼ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵɦɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɨɛɵɱɧɭɸɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɦɵɬɶɹɩɨɫɭɞɵɢɦɹɝɤɭɸ
ɝɭɛɤɭɛɟɡɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɋɦɪɚɡɞɟɥɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɪɢɩɟɪɜɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɦɢɧɭɬɱɬɨɛɵɭɞɚ-
ɥɢɬɶɡɚɩɚɯɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ4ɧɚɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ
ɑɬɨɛɵɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ3Ɉɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɜɩɪɨ-
ɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɧɚɦɢɧɭɬ
ɑɬɨɛɵɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ3ɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
Ɋɫɣ ɪɠɫɝɩɤ ɸɬɥɪɦɮɛɭɛɱɣɣ ɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ ɝɶ ɧɩɡɠɭɠ ɪɩɲɮɝɬɭɝɩɝɛɭɷ ɨɠɪɫɣɺɭɨɶɤ ɢɛɪɛɰ ɣ
ɟɛɡɠɢɛɧɠɭɣɭɷɦɠɞɥɣɤɟɶɧɩɥ ɀɞɩɪɫɣɲɣɨɩɤɺɝɦɺɠɭɬɺɣɬɪɛɫɠɨɣɠɬɧɛɢɥɣɨɠɥɩɭɩɫɶɰ
ɟɠɭɛɦɠɤɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɘɭɩɺɝɦɠɨɣɠɨɠɟɩɦɡɨɩɝɶɢɶɝɛɭɷɜɠɬɪɩɥɩɤɬɭɝɩɣɬɥɩɫɩɣɬɲɠɢɨɠɭ
ɘɭɩɟɠɤɬɭɝɣɠɨɣɥɛɥɨɠɪɩɝɦɣɺɠɭɨɛɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩɠɯɮɨɥɱɣɩɨɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɠɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɪɟɞɚ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜ-
ɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɫɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɦɨɠɟɬɤɚɩɚɬɶɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɗɬɨɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɭɫ-
ɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɱɢɫɬɤɢɧɨɬɚɤɠɟɢɦɨɠɟɬɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹɈɱɢɳɚɣɬɟɝɨɬɨ-
ɜɨɱɧɭɸɩɨɥɨɫɬɶɨɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɟɞɵɢɤɪɨɲɟɤɩɟɪɟɞɤɚɠɞɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɫɬɟɤɥɚɇɟɥɢɬɶɜɨɞɭɧɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɟɫɬɟɤɥɨɞɜɟɪɰɵɇɟɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ
ɤɚɤɢɟɥɢɛɨɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵɧɚɫɬɟɤɥɨɞɜɟɪɰɵɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɚ
ɇɟɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɤɚɤɢɟɥɢɛɨɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵɧɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɟɝɨɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦɇɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɢɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɫɬɨɥɨ-
ɜɵɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɵɜɧɭɬɪɶɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɌɚɤɨɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɩɨ-
ɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɢɥɢɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɸɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɨɤɨɦ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɟɱɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɱɚɫɬɢɢɫɬɟɤɥɨ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɸɬɫɹɢɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɝɨɪɹɱɟɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɦɨɠɧɨɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɪɭɱɤɢɞɜɟɪɰɵ
ɇɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɩɢɳɟɜɵɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵɜɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɜɛɭɬɵɥɤɟɛɚɧɤɟɢɬɞ
Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶɩɪɢɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɟɩɢɳɟɜɵɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵɧɚɪɟɲɟɬɤɟ-ɢɥɢɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɟ.
ɆɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɞɧɭɪɟɲɟɬɤɭɊɢɫɢɥɢɬɪɢɪɟɲɟɬɤɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɊɢɫ
ɉɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶ ɞɥɹ ɠɚɪɤɢ ɡɚɩɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɂɞɟɚɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɠɚɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɰɵɩɥɟɧɤɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ
ɦɹɫɚɩɟɱɟɧɵɯɨɜɨɳɟɣɛɢɫɤɜɢɬɨɜɢɥɸɛɵɯɛɥɸɞɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɝɨɬɨɜɹɬɫɹɜɩɟɱɢ
122
RU
Ɋɟɲɟɬɤɚɲɬɞɥɹ ɜɵɫɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɹɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣɠɚɪɤɢɩɨɞ-
ɪɭɦɹɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɨɛɠɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹɂɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɞɥɹɯɥɟɛɚ
ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹɪɵɛɵɮɪɭɤɬɨɜɨɜɨɳɟɣ
Ⱦɥɹɜɫɟɯɛɥɸɞɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɤɚɩɚɬɶɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟ-
ɧɢɹɧɚɪɟɲɟɬɤɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶɧɚɧɢɠɧɢɣ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
Ƚɬɦɮɲɛɠɪɫɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɺɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɩɝɬɫɛɬɭɣɭɠɦɷɨɶɧɧɛɬɦɩɧɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɮɤɭɠɟɝɛɦɣɬɭɛ
ɛɦɹɧɣɨɣɠɝɩɤɯɩɦɷɞɣɟɦɺɢɛɴɣɭɶɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɭɠɦɷɨɶɰɸɦɠɧɠɨɭɩɝɞɩɭɩɝɩɲɨɩɤɪɩɦɩɬɭɣɩɭ
ɜɫɶɢɞɥɣɪɺɴɠɞɩɧɛɬɦɛɊɩɦɩɡɣɭɠɩɟɣɨɦɣɬɭɩɥɨɛɪɫɩɭɣɝɠɨɷɣɦɣɨɛɫɠɳɠɭɥɮɛɝɭɩɫɶɧ
ɨɛɥɫɩɤɭɠɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɶ
Ƚɬɦɮɲɛɠɪɫɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɺɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɩɝɨɛɫɠɳɠɭɥɠɣɦɣɝɥɩɫɢɣɨɠɫɛɝɨɩɧɠɫɨɩɫɛɬɪɫɠɟɠ-
ɦɣɭɠɫɛɬɭɣɭɠɦɷɨɩɠɧɛɬɦɩɪɩɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɛɧɲɭɩɜɶɜɦɹɟɩɪɩɦɮɲɣɦɩɬɷɰɫɮɬɭɺɴɣɧɣɢɩ-
ɦɩɭɣɬɭɶɧɂɛɭɠɧɪɩɦɩɡɣɭɠɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɶɟɦɺɪɫɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɺɨɛɫɠɳɠɭɥɮɣɦɣɝɥɩɫɢɣɨɮ
Ƚɬɦɮɲɛɠɪɫɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɺɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɩɝɨɛɫɠɳɠɭɥɠɨɛɝɠɫɭɠɦɠɣɦɣɝɥɩɫɢɣɨɠɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɠ
ɪɫɩɭɣɝɠɨɷɨɛɨɣɡɨɣɤɮɫɩɝɠɨɷɞɩɭɩɝɩɨɩɤɪɩɦɩɬɭɣɟɦɺɬɜɩɫɛɡɣɫɩɝȿɦɺɪɫɠɟɩɭɝɫɛɴɠ-
ɨɣɺɩɜɫɛɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɟɶɧɛɨɠɪɫɣɺɭɨɶɰɢɛɪɛɰɩɝɣɢɛɭɝɠɫɟɠɝɳɣɰɢɛɞɫɺɢɨɠɨɣɤɫɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɮ-
ɠɭɬɺɨɛɦɣɭɷɨɠɧɨɩɞɩɝɩɟɶɝɪɫɩɭɣɝɠɨɷ
ɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦɢɧɭɬ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɨɣɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɅɢɛɨɦɨɠɧɨɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɤɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨ-
ɬɨɜɤɢ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɪɟɲɟɬɤɭ-ɢɥɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶ.ɫɪɚɧɟɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢɜɝɨɬɨ-
ɜɨɱɧɭɸɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ
ɋɛɢɧɠɬɭɣɭɠɫɠɳɠɭɥɮɣɦɣɪɫɩɭɣɝɠɨɷɭɛɥɣɧɩɜɫɛɢɩɧɲɭɩɜɶɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɶɨɛɰɩɟɣɦɣɬɷɨɛ
ɫɛɬɬɭɩɺɨɣɣɧɣɨɣɧɮɧɬɧɩɭɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɭɠɦɷɨɶɰɸɦɠɧɠɨɭɩɝɫɛɬɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɶɤɝɝɠɫɰɨɠɤ
ɲɛɬɭɣɞɩɭɩɝɩɲɨɩɤɪɩɦɩɬɭɣ
Ɉɠɪɠɫɠɞɫɮɡɛɤɭɠɫɠɳɠɭɥɣɪɫɩɭɣɝɠɨɷɣɦɣɥɩɫɢɣɨɮɲɫɠɢɧɠɫɨɶɧɥɩɦɣɲɠɬɭɝɩɧɪɫɩɟɮɥ-
ɭɩɝɌɩɜɦɹɟɛɤɭɠɮɥɛɢɛɨɣɺɝɩɭɨɩɳɠɨɣɣɥɩɦɣɲɠɬɭɝɛɪɫɣɝɠɟɠɨɨɶɠɝɭɛɜɦɣɱɠ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɑɬɨɛɵɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ3Ɂɚɞɚɣɬɟɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨ-
ɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɌɚɣɦɟɪɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɞɨɦɢɧɭɬ
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɫɹɢɩɟɱɶɧɚɱɧɟɬɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɉɨɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɢɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɨɝɚɫɧɟɬ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ4Ɂɚɞɚɣɬɟɠɟɥɚɟɦɭɸɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɩɪɢɝɨ-
ɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹȾɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɫɹɉɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɩɨɝɚɫɧɟɬ
RU
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɨɠɧɨɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸɩɨɞɫɜɟɬɤɭɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ2
ɄɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟɢɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɹȾɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɢɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɭɸɩɪɨɠɚɪɤɭɧɚɪɚɡ-
ɧɵɯɭɪɨɜɧɹɯɛɟɡɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹɡɚɩɚɯɨɜ
ȼɱɢɫɥɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɟɫɬɶɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɩɚɭɡɵɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɦɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢ-
ɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɥɸɞɚ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɇɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟɫɬɨ-
ɥɨɜɵɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɵɜɧɭɬɪɶɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɌɚɤɨɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɢɥɢɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɸɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɨɤɨɦ
ɑɬɨɛɵɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ3ɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ-
ɧɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɬɫɹ
ɉɨɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɡɞɚɫɬɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹȿɫɥɢɢɧ-
ɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɧɟɝɨɬɨɜɵɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɜɫɟɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɜɝɨɬɨɜɨɱɧɭɸɩɨɥɨɫɬɶɢɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɬɚɣɦɟɪɧɚɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɦɢɧɭɬ
Ɋɫɣɜɩɫɩɬɨɛɴɠɨɯɮɨɥɱɣɠɤɛɝɭɩɧɛɭɣɲɠɬɥɩɞɩɝɶɥɦɹɲɠɨɣɺɀɬɦɣɝɩɝɫɠɧɺɪɫɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠ-
ɨɣɺɟɝɠɫɱɛɩɭɥɫɶɝɛɠɭɬɺɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɭɠɦɷɨɶɠɸɦɠɧɠɨɭɶɣɝɨɮɭɫɠɨɨɺɺɪɩɟɬɝɠɭɥɛɝɶɥɦɹ-
ɲɛɹɭɬɺɛɝɭɩɧɛɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɊɩɬɦɠɢɛɥɫɶɭɣɺ ɟɝɠɫɱɶɪɫɣɜɩɫɝɩɢɩɜɨɩɝɦɺɠɭɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɮɹ
ɫɛɜɩɭɮɛɝɨɮɭɫɠɨɨɺɺɪɩɟɬɝɠɭɥɛɛɝɭɩɧɛɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɝɥɦɹɲɛɠɭɬɺɠɬɦɣɩɨɣɜɶɦɛɪɫɠɟɝɛ-
ɫɣɭɠɦɷɨɩɝɥɦɹɲɠɨɛ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɟɱɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɱɚɫɬɢɢɫɬɟɤɥɨ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɸɬɫɹɢɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɝɨɪɹɱɟɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɦɨɠɧɨɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɪɭɱɤɢɞɜɟɪɰɵ
Ⱦɥɹɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɪɟɲɟɬɤɢɢɥɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢɢɥɢɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢɜɨɢɡɛɟ-
ɠɚɧɢɟɨɠɨɝɨɜȾɥɹɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɢɥɢɜɟɪɬɟɥɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ
ɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɨɠɨɝɨɜɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹɞɜɟɪɰɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɡɧɟɝɨɜɵɯɨɞɹɬ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɝɨɪɹɱɢɣɜɨɡɞɭɯɢɩɚɪɇɟɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɣɬɟɪɭɤɢɢɥɢɰɨɤɝɨɬɨɜɨɱɧɨɣɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɪɟɲɟɬɤɭɢɥɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɞɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢɢɥɢɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢ
ȼɵɥɨɠɢɬɟɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɧɚɛɥɸɞɨɉɨɞɚɜɚɣɬɟɧɚɫɬɨɥ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɨɠɧɨɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɡɚɝɨɪɚɟɬɫɹɢɝɚɫɧɟɬɗɬɨɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ
ɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭȾɥɹɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟɪɭɱɤɢ
Ɋɫɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɨɶɠɣɨɞɫɠɟɣɠɨɭɶɟɩɦɡɨɶɜɶɭɷɢɩɦɩɭɣɬɭɶɧɣɛɨɠɲɠɫɨɶɧɣɣɦɣɥɩɫɣɲ-
ɨɠɝɶɧɣɎɟɛɦɣɭɠɪɩɟɞɩɫɠɝɳɣɠɥɮɬɩɲɥɣɠɬɦɣɩɨɣɠɬɭɷ
Ⱦɥɹɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɶɲɢɯɢɥɢɥɟɝɤɨɥɨɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɤɭɫɤɨɜɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɳɢɩɰɵ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɝɨɬɨɜɤɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ
124
RU
ǿȜȐȓȠȩȝȜȝȞȖȑȜȠȜȐșȓțȖȬ
ɉɨɠɟɥɚɧɢɸɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɧɚɝɪɟɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɹɜɧɟɝɨɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɟɟɦɟɥɤɢɯɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɦɟɧɶɲɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɱɟɦɞɥɹɛɨɥɟɟ
ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨɱɢɫɥɚɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɚɞɥɹɦɟɧɶ-
ɲɟɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɦɟɧɶɲɟ
Ⱦɥɹɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɥɭɱɲɟɝɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɩɪɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɛɨɥɟɟɦɟɥɤɢɯɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɪɟɤɨ-
ɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɯɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶ
ɑɬɨɛɵɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɢɣɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɫɦɚɠɶɬɟɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɦɚɫɥɨɦɫɜɟɠɢɣɢɥɢɡɚɦɨɪɨ-
ɠɟɧɧɵɣɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɩɪɟɠɞɟɱɟɦɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɟɝɨɧɚɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɋɧɷɤɢɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɩɟɱɢɬɚɤɠɟɦɨɠɧɨɩɨɞɠɚɪɢɜɚɬɶɜɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ
ɮɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɟ
Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɟɝɨɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹɮɪɢɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɝɪɚɦɦ
Ⱦɥɹɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨɢɥɟɝɤɨɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɧɷɤɨɜɫɧɚɱɢɧɤɨɣɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɝɨ-
ɬɨɜɵɟɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɛɥɸɞɚɄɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɝɨɬɨɜɵɟɛɥɸɞɚɝɨɬɨɜɹɬɫɹɝɨɪɚɡɞɨɛɵɫɬɪɟɟɞɨ-
ɦɚɲɧɢɯ
ɇɟɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɠɢɪɧɵɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
Ɇɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɞɥɹɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɭɠɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɬɟɦ-
ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɧɚ&ɧɚɦɢɧɭɬ
ǽȞȓȒȡȟȠȎțȜȐșȓțțȩȓȝȞȜȑȞȎȚȚȩ
ȼ ɩɨɦɟɳɺɧɧɨɣ ɧɢɠɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ& ȼɪɟɦɹɦɢɧ
ɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɚɪ-
ɬɨɮɟɥɶɮɪɢ
ɫɥɚɫɬɢ
ɪɵɛɚ
ɰɵɩɥɟɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɟ-
ɥɟ
ɲɚɲɥɵɤ
ɤɪɚɫɧɨɟɦɹɫɨ
125
RU
ɤɭɪɢɰɚ
ɦɨɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
Ʉɚɠɞɨɦɭɫɢɦɜɨɥɭɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɭɜɭɟɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɚɹɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ
ɧɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɢɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɬɢɩɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɍɤɚɡɚɧ-
ɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɨɫɢɬɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɬɚɤɠɟɨɬɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ ȼɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɬɚɤɠɟɦɨɠɧɨɦɟɧɹɬɶ
Ʌɩɦɣɲɠɬɭɝɩ
ɧɣɨɧɛɥɬɞ
Ƚɫɠɧɺ
ɧɣɨ
ɍɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ
(°C) ȿɦɺɣɨɯɩɫɧɛɱɣɣ
Ʌɛɫɭɩɯɠɦɷɣɥɛɫɭɩ-
ɯɠɦɷɯɫɣ
Ʉɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɬɨɧɤɨɧɚɪɟ-
ɡɚɧɧɵɣɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ
Ʉɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɤɪɭɩɧɨ
ɧɚɪɟɡɚɧɧɵɣɡɚɦɨɪɨ-
ɠɟɧɧɵɣ
Ƚɪɚɬɟɧɢɡɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹ
ɇɺɬɩɣɪɭɣɱɛ
Ȼɢɮɲɬɟɤɫ
ɋɜɢɧɵɟɪɟɛɪɵɲɤɢ
Ƚɚɦɛɭɪɝɟɪ
Ɋɭɥɟɬɵɫɤɨɥɛɚɫɤɚɦɢ
Ʉɭɪɢɧɵɟɛɟɞɪɵɲɤɢ
Ʉɭɪɢɧɚɹɝɪɭɞɤɚ
Ʉɭɪɢɧɨɟɦɹɫɨ
ɂɛɥɮɬɥɛ
ȼɟɫɟɧɧɢɟɪɭɥɟɬɢɤɢ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
Ʉɭɪɢɧɵɟɧɚɝɝɟɬɫɵɡɚɦɨ-
ɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
126
RU
Ʌɩɦɣɲɠɬɭɝɩ
ɧɣɨɧɛɥɬɞ
Ƚɫɠɧɺ
ɧɣɨ
ɍɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ
(°C) ȿɦɺɣɨɯɩɫɧɛɱɣɣ
Ɋɵɛɧɵɟɩɚɥɨɱɤɢɡɚɦɨ-
ɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
Ɋɛɨɣɫɩɝɛɨɨɶɠɢɛɧɩ-
ɫɩɡɠɨɨɶɠɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɶ
Ɂɚɤɭɫɤɢɢɡɫɵɪɚ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
Ɏɚɪɲɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɨɜɨɳɢ
Ɋɫɩɟɮɥɭɶɟɦɺɪɫɣɞɩ-
ɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɺɝɪɠɲɣ
Ɍɨɪɬɵ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɨ-
ɬɢɜɟɧɶɞɥɹɩɟɱɢ
Ʉɢɲ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶɞɥɹ
ɩɟɱɢɠɚɪɨɩɪɨɱɧɭɸ
ɮɨɪɦɭ
Ɇɚɮɢɧ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɨ-
ɬɢɜɟɧɶɞɥɹɩɟɱɢ
ɋɥɚɞɤɢɟɡɚɤɭɫɤɢ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶɞɥɹ
ɩɟɱɢɠɚɪɨɩɪɨɱɧɭɸ
ɮɨɪɦɭ
Ƚɶɬɮɳɣɝɛɨɣɠɪɫɩ-
ɟɮɥɭɩɝ
Ɏɪɭɤɬɵɡɟɥɟɧɶɦɹɫɨ
ɪɵɛɚɯɥɟɛ
ɱɚɫɨɜ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɬɪɢ
ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢɢɡɤɨɦ-
ɩɥɟɤɬɚ-
ȂȡțȘȤȖȭȎȐȠȜȚȎȠȖȥȓȟȘȜȑȜȜȠȘșȬȥȓțȖȭ
ȾɚɧɧɵɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦɄɨɝɞɚɬɚɣɦɟɪɞɨɯɨɞɢɬɞɨɧɭɥɹɪɚɡɞɚɺɬɫɹɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ȿɫɥɢ ɞɜɟɪɰɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɉɨɫɥɟɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɹɞɜɟɪɰɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɬɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸɪɚɛɨɬɭɚɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹɩɨɞɫɜɟɬɤɚ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
127
RU
ǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǹdzǻǶdzǻǮDZǾǶǹdz
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɪɟɲɟɬɤɭ-ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶ.ɧɚɫɚɦɵɣɧɢɠɧɢɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɝɨɬɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ
ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢɊɢɫ
Ⱦɥɹɜɫɟɯɛɥɸɞɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɝɨɬɨɜɹɬɫɹɧɚɜɟɪɬɟɥɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶɧɚɧɢɠɧɢɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɉɪɨɞɟɧɶɬɟɨɞɧɭɢɡɜɢɥɨɤɧɚɜɟɪɬɟɥ0ɞɜɭɦɹɧɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɢɤɚɦɢɜɧɭɬɪɶɢɡɚɜɢɧɬɢɬɟɟɟɞɥɹ
ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢɊɢɫɋɜɹɡɚɬɶɜɟɪɟɜɤɨɣɦɹɫɨɞɥɹɝɪɢɥɹɦɹɫɨɤɭɪɢɰɚɢɬɞɢɧɚɫɚɞɢɬɶɟɝɨ
ɧɚɜɟɪɬɟɥɫɬɚɪɚɹɫɶɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɰɟɧɬɪɚɇɚɫɚɞɢɬɶɜɬɨɪɭɸɜɢɥɤɭɤɨɧɰɚɦɢɜɨɜɧɭɬɪɶ
ɉɪɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɜɢɧɬɢɬɶɩɟɪɜɭɸɜɢɥɤɭɱɬɨɛɵɥɭɱɲɟɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɦɹɫɨɧɚɜɟɪɬɟ-
ɥɟɚɡɚɬɟɦɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɶɨɛɟɜɢɥɤɢ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɤɨɧɟɰɜɟɪɬɟɥɚɜɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɧɚɥɟɜɨɣɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɣɨɩɨɪɟɊɢɫɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɞɪɭ-
ɝɨɣɤɨɧɟɰɧɚɩɪɚɜɭɸɨɩɨɪɭɊɢɫ
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵɤɚɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɟ³Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ´
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɬɟɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ ɜɧɭ-
ɬɪɟɧɧɹɹɩɨɞɫɜɟɬɤɚɑɬɨɛɵɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɜɥɸɛɨɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɪɚ-
ɳɟɧɢɹɜɟɪɬɟɥɚɢɥɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ2
ɉɨɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭ1ɞɥɹɫɧɹɬɢɹɜɟɪɬɟɥɚɫɩɪɚɜɨɣɨɩɨɪɵɢ
ɡɚɬɟɦɞɥɹɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɤɨɧɰɚɜɟɪɬɟɥɚɢɡɥɟɜɨɣɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɣɨɩɨɪɵɊɢɫ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǹdzǻǶdzǿǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶdzǺǸǼǾǵǶǻȉ
ɑɬɨɛɵɨɬɤɪɵɬɶɞɜɟɪɰɭɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɩɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟɤɪɸɱɨɤɜɜɟɪɯɊɢɫ
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɛɥɸɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ
ɠɚɪɤɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶɧɚɧɢɠɧɢɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɚɞɟɧɢɹɟɞɵɜɝɨɬɨɜɨɱɧɭɸɩɨɥɨɫɬɶȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɦɨɠɟɬɭɩɚɫɬɶɟɞɚ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟɞɜɟɪɰɵɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɪɟɲɟɬɤɭ-ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶ.ɧɚɫɚɦɵɣɧɢɠɧɢɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɝɨɬɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ
ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢɊɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɤɨɧɟɰɨɫɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɜɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɧɚɥɟɜɨɣɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɣɨɩɨɪɟɊɢɫɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ
ɞɪɭɝɨɣɤɨɧɟɰɧɚɩɪɚɜɭɸɨɩɨɪɭ
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵɤɚɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɟ³Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ´
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɜɟɪɬɟɥɚɢɥɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɜɧɭɬɪɟɧ-
128
RU
ɧɹɹɩɨɞɫɜɟɬɤɚɑɬɨɛɵɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɜɥɸɛɨɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɜɟɪɬɟɥɚɢɥɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ2
ɉɨɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭ1ɞɥɹɫɧɹɬɢɹɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɫɩɪɚɜɨɣɨɩɨɪɵɢ
ɡɚɬɟɦɞɥɹɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɤɨɧɰɚɢɡɥɟɜɨɣɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɣɨɩɨɪɵɊɢɫ
ǼȅǶǿȀǸǮǶȀdzȃǼǯǿǹȁǴǶǰǮǻǶdz
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜɉɟɪɟɞɱɢɫɬɤɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɟɝɨɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ-
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɅɸɛɵɟɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɨɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɨɥɠɧɵɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɥɢɜ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɪɟɞɚ
ȼɫɟɝɞɚɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɲɧɭɪɚȼɚɲɟ-
ɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɟɪɟɞɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɢɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹɜ
ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣɰɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɞɥɹɟɝɨɡɚɦɟɧɵɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ-
ɞɢɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɦɵɬɶɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȝȞȖȏȜȞȎ
ɉɟɪɟɞɤɚɠɞɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɨɱɢɳɚɬɶɩɟɱɶɨɬɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɩɢɳɢɢɥɢɤɪɨɲɟɤ
ɉɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɱɢɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɫɚɥɮɟɬɤɢɩɨ-
ɫɥɟɱɟɝɨɩɪɨɬɟɪɟɬɶɫɭɯɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɱɢɫɬɤɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɦɹɝɤɨɣɬɤɚɧɢɫɥɟɝɤɚɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣɜɬɟɩɥɨɣɜɨɞɟȼɵɬɪɢɬɟɧɚɫɭɯɨɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɤɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɨɬɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɩɢɳɢɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɣɬɟɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɫɭɯɨɣɬɤɚɧɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɪɟɞɚɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɧɚɩɨ-
ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯȿɫɥɢɬɚɤɢɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɤɚɤɫɨɤɥɢɦɨɧɚɩɨɦɢɞɨɪɧɵɟɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɵɭɤɫɭɫɢɬɨɦɭ
ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɟɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹɞɨɥɝɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɷɦɚɥɶɢɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ
ɟɟɦɚɬɨɜɨɣ
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɨɸɳɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɰɚɪɚɩɚɬɶɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɢɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ
Ⱦɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɢɟɚɥɸ-
ɦɢɧɢɣɦɨɸɳɢɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɜɨɮɥɚɤɨɧɱɢɤɚɯɫɩɪɟɹɯɢɧɟɬɟɪɟɬɶɫɬɟɧɵɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɢɥɢɪɟɠɭɳɢɦɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ
ɇɟɦɵɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟ
ɉɨɫɥɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɨɫɬɵɥɨɱɢɳɚɣɬɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɨ-
ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɝɭɛɤɨɣɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣɜɦɵɥɶɧɨɣɜɨɞɟ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɫɧɚɪɭɠɢɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɦɹɝɤɨɣɬɤɚɧɢ
129
RU
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȥȎȟȠȓȗȝȞȖȏȜȞȎ
Ɋɟɲɟɬɤɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɢɜɟɪɬɟɥɦɨɠɧɨɦɵɬɶɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵɦɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɨɛɵɱɧɭɸɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɦɵɬɶɹɩɨɫɭɞɵɢɦɹɝɤɭɸɝɭɛɤɭɛɟɡ
ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɑɬɨɛɵɪɚɡɦɨɱɢɬɶɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɟɞɵɧɚɤɨɪɡɢɧɟɦɨɠɧɨɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɨɣ
Ⱦɨ-
ɛɚɜɶɬɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɤɚɩɟɥɶɦɨɸɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɢɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɧɚɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɦɢɧɭɬȼɫɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɢɜɵɬɪɢɬɟɧɚɫɭɯɨ
Ⱦɜɟɪɰɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɨɠɧɨɫɧɹɬɶɞɥɹɦɵɬɶɹɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟ
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭ
ɋɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɤɭɪɫɨɪ+ɜɥɟɜɨɢɫɧɢɦɢɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭɫɥɟɜɨɣɨɩɨɪɵɊɢɫ
ɉɨɬɹɧɢɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭɜɩɪɚɜɨɱɬɨɛɵɜɵɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɶɞɜɟɪɰɭɫɩɪɚɜɨɣɨɩɨɪɵ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɜɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦɩɨɪɹɞɤɟɱɬɨɛɵɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɞɜɟɪɰɭɧɚɦɟɫɬɨ
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȁǿȀǾǮǻdzǻǶȌǻdzǸǼȀǼǾȉȃǽǾǼǯǹdzǺ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ȼɢɥɤɚɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɜ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦ-
ɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɇɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɁɚɞɚɣ-
ɬɟ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟ-
ɧɢɹ
Ⱦɜɟɪɰɚɡɚɤɪɵɬɚɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɏɨɪɨɲɨɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɂɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɟɳɟɧɟ
ɝɨɬɨɜɵ Ɉɱɟɧɶɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟ-
ɫɬɜɨɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɚ ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɦɟɧɶɲɟɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ
Ɇɟɧɶɲɟɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɛɨɥɟɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ-
ɬɭɪɚɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɍɜɟɥɢɱɶɬɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜ-
ɥɟɧɢɹ ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢ-
ɪɨɜɤɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɟɞɨɫɬɚ-
ɬɨɱɧɨɟ
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɶɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ
ɂɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɩɪɨɠɚɪɢ-
ɥɢɫɶɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɢɞɵɩɪɨɞɭɤ-
ɬɨɜɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɟɪɟ-
ɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɢɯ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɂɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹɫɜɟɪ-
ɯɭɢɥɢɬɟɱɬɨɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ
ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɮɪɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɢɯɩɪɢɝɨ-
ɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɀɚɪɟɧɵɟɫɧɷɤɢɧɟ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢɫɶɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ
ȼɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɟɜɢɞ
ɫɧɷɤɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɝɨɬɨɜɹɬɫɹ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɡɚɤɭɫɤɢɩɪɟɞɧɚ-
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɜ
ɩɟɱɢɢɥɢɫɦɚɡɵɜɚɣɬɟɢɯɪɚɫɬɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɦɚɫɥɨɦɩɟɪɟɞɩɨɦɟɳɟ-
ɧɢɟɦɜɝɨɬɨɜɨɱɧɭɸɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ
RU
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
ɂɡɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ
ɛɟɥɵɣɞɵɦɨɤ ȼɵɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɛɨɥɟɟɠɢɪ-
ɧɵɟɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵ ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɠɚɪɤɢɛɨɥɟɟɠɢɪɧɵɯɢɧ-
ɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɜɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟɠɢɪɚɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɦɚɫɥɚɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨɱɟɦɨɛɵɱɧɨɤɨɥɢɱɟ-
ɫɬɜɚɛɟɥɨɝɨɞɵɦɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨ-
ɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹȾɚɧɧɨɟɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɧɟɜɥɢɹɟɬɧɚɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɢɥɢ
ɧɚɫɚɦɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ȼɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɠɢɪɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɣɫɹɫɩɪɟɞɵ-
ɞɭɳɢɯɰɢɤɥɨɜɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
Ȼɟɥɵɣɞɵɦɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɠɢɪɚɢɥɢɪɨɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɚɫɥɚ
ɩɨɩɚɜɲɢɯɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɌɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɨɱɢɫɬɢ-
ɬɟɝɨɬɨɜɨɱɧɭɸɩɨɥɨɫɬɶɩɨɫɥɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɗɬɭɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸ
ɧɭɠɧɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ
ɋɜɟɠɢɣɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶ
ɧɚɪɟɡɚɧɧɵɣɩɚɥɨɱɤɚɦɢ
ɨɛɠɚɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɪɚɜɧɨ-
ɦɟɪɧɨ
ȼɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɟɫɨɪɬ
ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɧɟ
ɝɨɞɢɬɫɹɞɥɹɮɪɢɬɸɪɚ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɜɟɠɢɣɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɢ
ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɣɬɟɟɝɨ
ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɢɜɵɫɭɲɢɬɟ
ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤ
ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɟɝɨɜɨɮɪɢɬɸɪɟ
ɋɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɭɞɚɥɢɬɟ
ɫɧɟɝɨɜɟɫɶɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɟɧɚɧɟɦ
ɋɜɟɠɢɣɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɧɚ-
ɪɟɡɚɧɧɵɣɩɚɥɨɱɤɚɦɢɧɟ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɢɦ
ɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢɡɮɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɵ
ɏɪɭɫɬɤɨɫɬɶɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹ
ɮɪɢɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɤɨɥɢɱɟ-
ɫɬɜɚɜɨɞɵɜɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɟɢ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɫɥɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɪɬɨ-
ɮɟɥɹ
ɉɟɪɟɞɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɦɚɫɥɚɤɚɤ
ɦɨɠɧɨɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɟɣɨɫɭɲɚɣɬɟ
ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɫɧɚɪɭɠɢ
ɇɚɪɟɠɶɬɟɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɛɨɥɟɟɬɨɧ-
ɤɢɦɢɩɚɥɨɱɤɚɦɢɞɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɛɨɥɟɟɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɟɣɤɨɪɨɱɤɢ
ɑɬɨɛɵɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹɛɨɥɟɟ
ɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɢɦɞɨɛɚɜɶɬɟɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɫɥɚ
RU
Ⱦɚɬɚɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ61ZN\UDEFGHIJ
ɝɞɟZN±ɧɟɞɟɥɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
\U±ɝɨɞɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
DEFGHIJ±ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɌɊ Ɍɋ ©Ɉ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧ Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ
ɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɚɜɝɭɫɬɚɝɨɞɚ
ɌɊ Ɍɋ ©ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜª ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧ
ɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɞɟɤɚɛɪɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭ ɬɚɥɨɧɭ ɢɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ȼaȽɰȼɬɄɥɚɫɫ,,3;
ɋɞɟɥɚɧɨɜɄɢɬɚɟ
ɂɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɈɈɈ©Ɇɟɞɢɚɬɟɯª
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɢɰɚɋɚɞɨɜɚɹɌɪɢɭɦɮɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɦɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ
ɉɈɆ,ɄɈɆ
ɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɍɫɚɱɟɜɚɞɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɨɦ,,ɤɨɦ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ'H¶/RQJKL$SSOLDQFHV6UO©ȾɟɥɨɧɝɢȺɩɩɥɚɟɧɫɢɫɋɊɅªȺɞɪɟɫɂɬɚɥɢɹ
ɎɥɨɪɟɧɰɢɹɄɚɦɩɢȻɢɡɟɧɰɢɨȼɢɚɋɄɭɢɪɢɤɨ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɢɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɦɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɫɚɣɬɟKWWSZZZDULHWHQHWUXDVVLVWDQFH
Ƚɨɪɹɱɚɹɥɢɧɢɹ$ULHWH
Ɍɨɜɚɪɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟɢɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸɧɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɦɟɫɬɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɣɫɪɨɤɝɨɞɚɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭ ɬɚɥɨɧɭ ɢɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
RU
ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ ﺔّﻴﻤﺤﻣو ،ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ
يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻠﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳاو صﺮﺤﺑ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ةءاﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
هﺬﻫ ﻖﻓرأ .ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌا ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻼﻟ ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا .راﴐﻷاو ثداﻮﺤﻟا عﻮﻗو ﻊﻨﳌ ،ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ
.ﻐﻠﻟ ﻪﺋاﺪﻫإ وأ ﻪﻌﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا زﻮﻣﺮﻟﺎﺑ ةﺰﻴﻤﻣ ،ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ةدراﻮﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ ﻒﻠﺘﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧأ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ضﺮﻐﻟا
ﺔﻌﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﻠﺋﺎﺳ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻲﻬﻄﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻏ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا .ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻲﻬﻄﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻢﻜﻨﻜ
ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ وأ ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗ ضاﺮﻏﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟوﺆﺴﻣ يأ
.نﻀﻟا لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ يدﺆﻳ .ﺔﻘﺋﻻ ﻏ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا
ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ىﺮﺧأ ﻞﺋاﻮﺳ ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ .ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻌﺼﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا لﻼﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷاو ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا وأ ﺦﻴﺴﻟا وأ ﻚﺒﺸﻟا وأ ةﺮﻄﻘﳌا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ةّرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا دﱪﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﻪﺋﺎﻔﻃﻹ ﺔﻘﺣﻼﻟا
نﺎﻣأ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا صﺮﺤﺑ أﺮﻗا.
bepp8erz`2k˯YzE`ʓ_˴M4ʙ`1p!`.oNk<rgɇf<
;ﺐﺗﺎﻜﳌا ﰲو ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺘﻟا تﻼﺤﳌا ﻲﻔﻇﻮﳌ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﰲ -
;عراﺰﳌا -
;ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﻴﻨﻜﺴﻟا تﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟاو قدﺎﻨﻔﻟا ءﻼﻤﻋ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا
-
.رﺎﻄﻓﻹاو ﺖﻴﺒﳌا لﺰﻧو -
Ua)e?0PʜrD(b]91p!`_˴M4lL!k`/ʌʜlLz`s5exMk=˯\ʁ`bf%ʘ
.ﺐﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻦﻋ
˼P+sɬ"k˯VzaQlL"k`EM`lfAʘzj!˯jz=`iʜza<ʜVzaQ`+sɬGU$ʘ&=kɅy
.ﺺّﺧﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﱃإ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻘﺋﻻ
e,<rZy0$/E(KsXr˰x+yil]˽1p!`Nj<le+/se˼PrYʘ˼P,Me_˴M4
.صﺎﺨﺷﻷﺎﺑ رﴬﻟا قﺎﺤﻟإ وأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ
داﻮﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌاو 2004/10/27 ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﺑ ةردﺎﺼﻟا 2004/1935gX/zr/rʜ_r,`Lsf!egIk`ZEe1p!`
.ﺔﻳﺬﻏﻸﻟ ﺔﺴﻣﻼﳌا
AR
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﻢﻫاﻮﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ نﻮﻜﻠ ﻻ صﺎﺨﺷأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ تاﻮﻨﺳ 8lLgo/˴L,y2_UDbXle1p!`.o_˴M4l]˽
ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ فاﴍﻹا ﻢﺗ اذإ ﻂﻘﻓ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ وأ ةﱪﺧ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا صﺎﺨﺷﻷا وأ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟاو ﺔﻴ ّ
ﺴﺤﻟاو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا
ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻋﻼﻃاو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﺒﻳرﺪﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ءﺎﻨﺛأ
1p!`Ma`_UDʝ`#˴5`c,L!y
،تاﻮﻨﺳ 8lLgo/˴LbY+ʘrpcsYyʘi!yc,)5˯cpelf@ɴ{`jz=`rVzIk`_˴L
.ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻄﻳﴍو
.تاﻮﻨﺳ 8lLgo/˴LbYly.`_UDʜ_rkelL,zMɪ0p]`b]`r1p!`JU$!y
k(5`2 ʜ˰_s<s`_UDʝ`&f5yʘi]eʓ1p!`N@
gpzaL0E(/,=eb]9pjʜ_UDʜ_rkeʓVzaQ`+se[ɰʘ
?/ʜ˱L1p!`CY4rz0p]`y.Q`b\ɇ,9bUDcsYyiʂʙ
z0p]`y.Q`b\>X_ʙ(leq`˴M4Nke˱LbfM`!yɪpjb]91p!`.ole>a)`,kL
ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز
.ﻪﺑ ﺐﻌﻠﻟا
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻘﺣﻼﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا لﻼﺧو لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ بﺎﺒﻟا جﺎﺟزو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻWɰ$ʙ`?ɇ0M`0E(
.ةّرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا دﱪﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .بﺎﺒﻟا ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺲﳌأ .ﻪﺋﺎﻔﻃﻹ
czY`bX1p!`+ɫyi˾$˰0Ijɪ0p]`.(˯lL6Y`b=TbfM`lLVXse1p!`is]ye,kL
.ﻪﻔﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ
cMDqa(,, sye,kL1p!`[0%ʘ
z0p]`erYfa`cME`5eʙeleɀTs(ɇa5`b(+r^9`˱LFYTrɧ+jɇs]˯b(+
ysp`%TZzMʘ
Zy0$0E(y2`0EY˯ʝɱʘ
ysp`%TlLq s`rly,z`ɀɧ+,Mysp`%Tlel(5`/)`rsp`0)y_˴M4ʘk
1p!`lLq s`rly,z`,Mik(4/)rsoAy0)y1p!`&Ue,kL
i˾$˰0Ijɪ0p]`.(˯lL6Y`b=T1p!`ɀ/sTUDysp`%Tle+s4i(+0(-
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ مﺎﻌﻄﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا .ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻟا ﺔﺤﺘﻓ ﻦﻣ نﺎﺧﺪﻟا جوﺮﺧ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﻳ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ :ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
z0p]`]9`ɇzE`sU`YEeesaM˯XE˱Lkz˯ɇzEaU`i,ɇ\0p]`1p!`bz<sbX
2\0e,$ʓ1p!a`ɪ0p]`cʙ`leZY%qkeqʀgx.`,a`lLVa)y,aʓ1p!`_˴M4g-
.ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا
/ʍ`W%`ʄ%`1p!`/,XNeYTse˼(ʜm.ois]i!yz0p\a<r_˴M4g/0X-
.ﻪﺴﻔﻧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﻣﻼﺳ نﺿ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣو ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ مﻮﻘﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺺﺨﺸﻟﺎﺑ
?ɇ/eɪ0p\.(ɬɧ+1p!`b<r
t0(bs4ʓr˯ʓ1p!`6EQʘ
˾e,Y`ʓ$k\-r˯`sae^y,yj\-1p!`bfM5ʘ
AR
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ .بﻮﻄﻌﻣ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﺒﺗ اذإ وأ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا وأ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ﻒﻠﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
ﺔﻛﴩﻟ ﻊﺑﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ ،حﻼﺻﻹا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ
.ﺮﻄﺧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻟﻮﺨﻣ ءاﱪﺧ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ Ariete
.(˯6Uj˱Lo˼Pry/0$ɇM9erts]eryɇT+z`L /,X-0(ɪ0p\ 1p x ^9ʘ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺤﻟا زوﺎﺠﺗ ﺮﻄﺧ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
/%`#sE5a`ɪ0p]`b]`r1p!`5eʙec,L!y
b]`ɇ,8_ʙ(leɪ0p]`.(˯lL6Y`b=Uʘ
Vaa`q@ɇ0MleTs(ɇ+$2 rSs$bYez0p]`y.Q`b\[ɰʘ
z0p]`y.Q`b\E4sq%4_ʙ(le1p!`bYkʘ
ɪ0p]`.(˯lLz0p]`y.Q`b\b=Tys U<LKsXr`$ʓ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
_˴M4ʘbXy.Q`b\ ɇ
^T
,MlLg]%`gy2p E4sr{ /(0˽ɇXseE4s1p!`y.Qc,L!y
Mɇk=˯\ʁ`bXle,fMeza<Y%aerza</zPNEXFYTc,)41p!`eʙ4˱LGU%a`
FYT1p!`VzIkl]˽2 ʜNzf +r0Ʌrɪ0p]`.(˯lLz0p]`y.Q`b\6Xb=T,M
ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ يدﺆﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ تﺎﺒﻳﺬﻣ ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻼﻴﻠﻗ ﺔﺒّﻃﺮﻣو ﺔﻨﺸﺧ ﻏ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ
.ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﳌا
04r9fX_M8ʙ`aY`+s˯le0Y`1p!`NAʘ
k(5`2 ʜ+ɫi˾$˰0Ij1p!`JU$bXɪ0p]`.(˯lLɧ+6Y`b=T
o˼Pr6f9`r0E˯ys!`besMa`?ɇ0Me1p!`[ɰʘ
ZaE`sp`ʓkz\˯bfM5ʘ
VzIk`rc,)4ʙ`za(+2 , sʘ1p!` ɇ
^Uʘ
S r+/rSsY5ei]eʓ1p!`JU$
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ ﻒﻠﺘﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧأ
bfM`zM@rʓis]ye,kLFYT1p!`bM8
z0p]`]9`qa<rkX0eir,1p!`[ɰʘ
ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻦﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺼﻗ ةﱰﻔﻟ ﻮﻟو دﺎﻌﺘﺑﻻا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا
ﻰﺟﺮﻳ ، EU/2012/19 ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺺﻨﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣو ،ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ
.ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﳌاو ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا ةءاﺮﻗ
.تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا هﺬﻬﺑ ﺎاد ﻆﻔﺘﺣا
AR
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
ﺔّﻠﺳ - L زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻜﻴﻫ - A
ةاﻮﺸﻤﻠﻟ ﺦﻴﺳ - M ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺰّﻴﺣ - B
ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو ﺦﻴﺴﻟا دﺎﻌﺑإ ﺔﻛﻮﺷ - N ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ - C
ﺔﻴﺋﻮﺿ ةرﺎﺷإ ﻊﻣ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﺮﻳوﺪﺗ ّرز - O بﺎﺑ - D
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﲆﻋ لﺪﺗ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﺿ ةرﺎﺷإ ﺾﺒﻘﻣ - E
ﲇﺧاﺪﻟا ءﻮﻀﻟا لﺎﻌﺷإو ﺦﻴﺴﻟا/ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﺮﻳوﺪﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا-ّرﺰﻟا كّﺮﺤ دّوﺰﻣ ﴪﻳأ دﺎﻨﺳ - F
ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرﺪﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﻦأ دﺎﻨﺳ - G
ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ - P بﺎﺒﻟا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرز - H
ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ - Q زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻘﻨﻟ ﺾﺒﻘﻣ - I
ءاﻮﻫ ﺬﺧﺄﻣ - R (ﻊﻄﻗ 3) ﺔﻜﺒﺷ - J
ةﺮﻄﻘﻣ - K
ﺔﻴﻨﻓ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
:زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﻳﻮﻫ دﺪﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻳدﺎﻨﺘﺳﻹا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻠﻟا يﻮﺘﺤﺗ
CEeʙM`rNj=`
(.Modby+s˯
(SNLsf!˯gX/
6˼o++ɰ`r`sTz0p]`y.Q`ɇzEaT
Cr ɇ
=f˯z0p]`/,Y`
jz=`ryL0`g5XVogX/
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﻗرو ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا ﺮﻛذ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﺰﻛﺮ لﺎﺼﺗﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﻒﻠﺘﻟا ﱃإ تﺎﺘﺳﻮﻣﱰﻟا ضّﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻣ ًﺎﻓﻮﺧ مﻮﻴﻨﳌﻷا قرﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻲّﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ ﺪﻌﺑأ -
ﰲ ﻪﻛﺮﺗ و زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺐﺟﻮﺘﻳ .ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺪﻴﻌﺑو ٍﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ -
.ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻟا ةراﺮﺤﻟا تﺎﺟارﺪﻟ موﺎﻘﻣ و ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ
.ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ّ
ﻚﻓ -
.زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨّﻔﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻳوﺎﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻓ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ىﺮﺧﻷا ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا وأ ﺎﻴﻠﻴﺑﻮﳌا وأ نارﺪﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻢﺳ 10 ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻣ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ .ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ
.حﻮﺘﻔﻣ ﻮﻫو بﺎﺒﻟا ﲆﻋ ءﳾ يأ ﺪﻨﺴﺗ ﻻ
تﺎﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻞﻴﺴﻏ ﻦﻜ .(M) ﺦﻴﺴﻟاو (L) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو (K) ةﺮﻄﻘﳌاو (J) ﻚﺒﺸﻟا ﻞﺴﻏا ،ةّﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ
ﻏ ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ ﺞﻨﻔﺳا ﺔﻌﻄﻗو نﻮﺤﺼﻠﻟ يدﺎﻋ ﻒّﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ًﻻﺪﺑ .اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎّ
ﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد ﺦﻴﺴﻟاو ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو ةﺮﻄﻘﳌاو
."زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﻊﺟار .ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ
."ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟا" ﺔﺤﺋار ﻦﻣ ﺺّﻠﺨﺘﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ ﻟ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺒﻟ ﻞﻌﺸﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ةّﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﻋ
AR
.ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ (Q) ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﻀﻀﺒﻘﻣ ّ
ﻒﻟ 1
.دأ ﺪﺤﻛ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 15 ةّﺪﳌ ةاّﻮﻬﻣ ﺔﺌﻴﺑ ﻞﺧاد ﻞﻤﻌﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﺮﺗا .(P) ﺖّﻗﻮﳌا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ رّود ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﺎﻌﺷﻹ ٢
.0 ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﺿو (P) ﺖّﻗﻮﳌا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ رّود ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃﻹ 3
هﺬﻫ نﻷ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻢﺘﻬﺗ ﻻ :نﺎﺧﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗو ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ ﺔﺤﺋار ﻪﻨﻋ رﺪﺼﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ
ﲆﻋ ﻚﻟذ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﻻ .ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﳽﻼﺘﺗ فﻮﺳو ،ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺾﻌﺒﻟ ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻢﻴﺤﺸﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻧو ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ةﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ةدﺎﻳز ﱃإ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﻷ .ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﻣ ﻂﻘﻨﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
.ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﺎﺘﻔﻟا وأ مﺎﻌﻄﻟا تﺎﻔّﻠﺨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺰّﻴﺣ ﻒّﻈﻧ . ﻖﻳﺮﺣ ﺪﻟﻮﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻ
نﻮﻜﻳ ﺪﻨﻋ بﺎﺒﻟا جﺎﺟز ﲆﻋ ءﳾ يأ ﺪﻨﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﻦﺧﺎﺳ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ جﺎﺟﺰﻟا ﲆﻋ ءﺎﻣ ﺐﻜﺴﺗ ﻻ .جﺎﺟﺰﻟا ﴪﻛ ﺮﻄﺧ
.حﻮﺘﻔﻣ
.ﻪﻠﻴﻐﺸﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﲆﻋ ءﳾ يأ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا هﺬﻫ يدﺆﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺧاد ىﺮﺧأ تاودأ وأ كﻮﺷ ﻞﺧﺪﺗ ﻻ .ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻌﺼﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ عﻮﻗو ﺮﻄﺧ ﻖﻠﺨﺗو زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا تﺎﻣوﺎﻘﳌا
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.بﺎﺒﻟا ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺲﳌأ :ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ جﺎﺟﺰﻟاو ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻊﻔﺗﺮﺗ .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.(ﺎﻫﻏو ﺔﺒﻠﻋو ةرورﺎﻗ) ﻪﻓﻼﻏ ﻊﻣ ءاﺬﻏ يأ ﻦﺨﺴﺗ ﻻ
ﻦﻜﻤﻳ .(K) ةﺮﻄﻘﻤﻟا ﻞﺧاد وأ (J) ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﻮﻬﻃ بﻮﻠﻄﻤﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻏﻷا ﻊﺿ 1
.(5 ﻞﻜﺷ) ًﺎﻳﻮﺳ تﺎﻜﺒﺷ ﺔﺛﻼﺜﻟا وأ (4 ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﺪﺣاو ﺔﻜﺒﺷ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا
مﻮﺤﻠﻟاو جﺎﺟﺪﻟا يﻮﺸﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ .ﻤﺤﺘﻟاو نﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻬﻄﻟاو يﻮﺸﻠﻟ ةﺮﻄﻘﻣ
نﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ ىﻮﺸﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟو يﺮﻄﻟا ﻚﻌﻜﻟاو رﺎﻀﺨﻟاو ءاﺮﻤﺤﻟا
ﺰﺒﺨﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ .يﻮﺸﻟاو ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺘﻟاو ءاﻮﻬﻟﺎﺑ ﲇﻘﻟاو ﻒﻴﻔﺠﺘﻠﻟ (ﻊﻄﻗ 3) ﺔﻜﺒﺷ
رﺎﻀﺨﻟاو ﻪﻛاﻮﻔﻟاو ﻚﻤﺴﻟاو مﻮﺤﻠﻟاو ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟاو
ءﺎﻨﺛا ﻂﻘﻨﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻲﻬﻃ ﺪﻨﻋ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ دأ ﲆﻋ ةﺮﻄﻘﳌا ﻊﺿ
ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
تﺎﻣوﺎﻘﳌا ﲆﻋ ّرﺎﺤﻟا ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﻖﺷر ﺐّﻨﺠﺘﻟ مﻮﻴﻨﳌﻷا ﻦﻣ ﺘﻗرو ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻲﻬﻃ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.مﺎﻌﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻄﻐﺘﻟ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟا ﺔﻗرﻮﻟاو ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﲆﻋ وأ ةﺮﻄﻘﳌا ﲆﻋ ﺔﻗرو ﻊﺿ .ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺰّﻴﺣ ﰲ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
AR
ﲆﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﺗ ﻟ ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺖﻳﺰﻟا عّزو ،ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ وأ ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻲﻬﻃ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﰲ وأ ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺎﻫﻮﻬﻃ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻊﺿ ،ﻖﺣﻻ ﺖﻗو ﰲ .ﺪّﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺮّﻤﺤﻣو ﺺّﻤﺤﻣ مﺎﻌﻃ
ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺰّﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ دأ ﲆﻋ ةﺮﻄﻘﳌا ًﺎﻀﻳأ ﻞﺧدأ ،ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا وأ ﺦﻴﺴﻟا وأ ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻲﻬﻃ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
ﻞﺧاد ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ﺐﻜﺳأ ،ّ
فﺎﺟ ﺦﺳو ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗو ﺔﻬﻳﺮﻛ ﺢﺋاورو نﺎﺧد روﺪﺻ ﳾﻼﺘﻟ .ﺎﻬﻠﺧاﺪﺑ نﻮﻫﺪﻟا ﻊﻤﺠﺘﺗ ﻟ
.ةﺮﻄﻘﳌا
ﺖﻗو ﱃإ ﱄوﻷا ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ﺖﻗو ةﴍﺎﺒﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ وأ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد 3-5 ةﺪﳌ ﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﺨﺴﺗ ﻦﻜ
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺰّﻴﺣ ﻞﺧاد ًﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ةّﺪﻌﳌا ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻊﻣ (K) ةﺮﻄﻘﳌا وأ (J) ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻊﺿ 2
2 ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺰّﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ يﻮﻠﻌﻟا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﰲ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا تﺎﻣوﺎﻘﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﺪﻌﺒﺗ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ةﺮﻄﻘﳌا وأ ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻊﺿ
.دأ ﺪﺤﻛ ﻢﺳ
.لوﺪﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻨّﻴﺒﳌا ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا تﺎﻴّﻤﻜﺑ ﺪّﻴﻘﺗ .ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا وأ ةﺮﻄﻘﳌا وأ ﻚﺒﺸﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴّﻤﻛ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺔﻤﻌﻃأ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
.ضّرﺆﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ 3
.ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 60 ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ﺖّﻗﻮﳌا ﻂﺒﺿ ﻦﻜ .بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺖﻗو ﻂﺒﺿا .(P) ﺖّﻗﻮﳌا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ رّود ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﺎﻌﺷﻹ 4
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ نﺮﻔﻟا أﺪﺒﻳو ( ) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﲆﻋ لﺪﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﻞﻌﺸﺗ 5
.ﺔﻃﻮﺒﻀﳌا ةّﺪﳌا ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﺄﻔﻄﺗ .ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
.ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿا .(Q) ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ رّود 6
.ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد 80-200 ﻦﻣ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد حواﱰﺗ
ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ . ( ) ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻂﺒﺿ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﻞﻌﺸﺗ 7
.( ) ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﺄﻔﻄﺗ ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺼﻳ
.(O) ّرﺰﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﲇﺧاﺪﻟا ءﻮﻀﻟا لﺎﻌﺷإ ﻦﻜ ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ 8
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ ﺢﻤﺴﻳو ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرﺪﻟ ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءاﻮﻬﻟا ﻦﻤﻀﻳ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ لﺎﺣ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻟا مﺎﻈﻧ أﺪﺒﻳ
.ﺢﺋاوﺮﻟا ﻂﻠﺧ نوﺪﺑ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻛأ ﲆﻋ ﺔﺴﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻲﻬﻃ
.لﺎﺜﳌا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﲆﻋ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻂﻠﺧ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ،ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺖﻗﺆﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻗﻮﺗ ﻦﻜ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا هﺬﻫ يدﺆﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺧاد ىﺮﺧأ تاودأ وأ كﻮﺷ ﻞﺧﺪﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ عﻮﻗو ﺮﻄﺧ ﻖﻠﺨﺗو زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا تﺎﻣوﺎﻘﳌا
.ﺔﻣوﺎﻘﳌا ﺄﻔﻄﺗ .0 ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﺿو (P) ﺖّﻗﻮﳌا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ رّود ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃﻹ 9
ﻞﺧاد ﻞﻜﻟا ةدﺎﻋإ ﻲﻔﻜﻳ ،ةﺰﻫﺎﺟ ﻏ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﺖﻧﺎﻛ اذإ .ﺄﻔﻄﻳ ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻣو ﻔﺻ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا رﺪﺼﻳ ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةﺪﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻨﻋ
.ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺒﻟ ﺖّﻗﻮﳌا ﻂﺒﺿو ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺰّﻴﺣ
ءﻮﻀﻟاو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا تﺎﻣوﺎﻘﳌا ﺄﻔﻄﺗ ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ بﺎﺒﻟا ﺢﺘﻓ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ .اﺬﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﺑ دّوﺰﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﲇﺧاﺪﻟا ءﻮﻀﻟا ﻞﻌﺸﻳو ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ ،بﺎﺒﻟا ﻖﻠﻏ ﺪﻨﻋ .ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﲇﺧاﺪﻟا
.ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﰲ ﻪﻟﺎﻌﺷإ ﻢﺗ اذإ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.بﺎﺒﻟا ﺾﺒﻘﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺲﳌأ :ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ جﺎﺟﺰﻟاو ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻊﻔﺗﺮﺗ .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
وأ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﺐﺤﺴﻟ .قاﱰﺣﻻا ﱃإ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ًﺎﻓﻮﺧ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ وأ تازﺎّﻔﻗ مﺪﺨﺘﺳا ،ةﺮﻄﻘﳌا وأ ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺐﺤﺴﻟ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا تﺎﻣوﺎﻘﳌا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ .قاﱰﺣﻻا ﱃإ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ًﺎﻓﻮﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ ةدّرﻮﳌا ﺔﻛﻮﺸﻟا مﺪﺨﺘﺳا ،ﺦﻴﺴﻟا
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ 10
.بﺎﺒﻟا ﺢﺘﻓا 11
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
AR
ﺰّﻴﺣ ﻦﻋ ﻚﻬﺟوو ﻚﻳﺪﻳ ﺪﻌﺑأ .نﺎﻨﺧﺎﺳ رﺎﺨﺑو ءاﻮﻫ ﺎﻀﻳأ جﺮﺨﻳ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا بﺎﺑ ﺢﺘﻔﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
.شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ وأ تازﺎّﻔﻘﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ةﺮﻄﻘﳌا وأ ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ 12
.مﺎﻌﻄﻟا مّﺪﻗ .ﻦﺤﺻ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﻊﺿ 13
ﲆﻋ ﻚﻟذ ّ
لﺪﻳ .يرود ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺄﻔﻄﺗو ﻞﻌﺸﺗ ( ) ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرﺪﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا نأ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻦﻜ ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ
،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟردو ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟ .ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ تﺎﺘﺳﻮﻣﱰﻟا ﻞﺧﺪﺗ
.ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﻂﺒﻀﻟا تﺎﻀﺒﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
.ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻗوﺮﺤﳌا تﺎﻔّﻠﺨﳌا ﺪﻌﺑأ .نﻮﻠﻟا ﺔﻴّﻨﺑ وأ ءادﻮﺳ ﺖﺴﻴﻟو ةﺮّﻤﺤﻣ ةّﻮﻬﻄﳌا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا نﻮﻜﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﺔﻤﻌﻃأ ﻂﻗﻼﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔّﺸﻬﻟا وأ ﺔﻀﻳﺮﻌﻟا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا دﺎﻌﺑﻹ
.ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻀﺤﺘﻟ ًارﻮﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ ،تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻲﻬﻃ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ
ﻀﺤﺘﻟا ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻧ
.تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا نوﺪﺑ ﻦﺨﺴﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،تدرأ اذإ
.ةﺒﻜﻟا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻧرﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ّﻞﻗأ ﺖﻗو ﱃإ ةﻐﺼﻟا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا جﺎﺘﺤﺗ
. ّﻞﻗأ ﺖﻗو ﱃإ جﺎﺘﺤﺗ ةﻐﺼﻟا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻨﻴﺑ ،لﻮﻃأ ﻲﻬﻃ ةّﺪﻣ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻦﻣ ةﺒﻜﻟا تﺎﻴﻤﻜﻟا
.ﺔﺴﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻲﻬﻃ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﲆﻋو ﻞﻀﻓأ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﲆﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﺗ ﻟ ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةﺪﻣ ﻒﺼﺘﻨﻣ ﰲ ﺮﻐﺻﻷا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻂﻠﺧا
.ﺎﻫﻮﻬﻄﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ةﺪّﻤﺠﳌا وأ ﺔﺟزﺎﻄﻟا ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﲇﻃا ،ﺔﺼّﻤﺤﻣ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
.ﺔﻴﺋاﻮﻬﻟا ةﻼﻘﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻫﻮﻬﻃ ﻦﻜ ،نﺮﻔﻟا ﰲ ﻰﻬﻄﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺨﻟا تﺎﺒﺟﻮﻟا
.ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻢﻏ 700 ﻲﻫ ﺔﺼّﻤﺤﳌا ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا داﺪﻋﻹ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟا
ﺔﻨﻴﺠﻌﻟا جﺎﺘﺤﺗ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز .ﺔﻌﻳﴎو ﺔﻠﻬﺳ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ةّﻮﺸﺤﳌا ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺨﻟا تﺎﺒﺟﻮﻟا ﻀﺤﺘﻟ ةﺰﻫﺎﺟ ﺔﻨﻴﺠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
.ﺖﻴﺒﻟا ﰲ ﺎﻫداﺪﻋإ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﺠﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗأ ﻲﻬﻃ ةﺪﻣ ﱃإ ﺰﻫﺎﺠﻟا
.ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻨﻫﺪﻣ ﺔﻤﻌﻃأ ﻲﻬﻄﺗ ﻻ
10 ةﺪﳌو ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 150 ﺔﺟرد ﲆﻋ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿا .ًﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻬﻄﻣ ﺔﻤﻌﻃأ ﺨﺴﺗ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻢﻜﻨﻜ
.ﻖﺋﺎﻗد
ًﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﻃﻮﺒﻀﳌا ﺞﻣاﱪﻟا
.ﻢّﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌاو ًﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﻃﻮﺒﻀﳌا ﺞﻣاﱪﻟا ﻖﺣﻼﻟا لوﺪﺠﻟا ّ
ﺒُﻳ
(دﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا) ﺖﻗﻮﻟا (ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ) ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد
15-20 200 ةﺪّﻤﺠﻣ ﺔّﻴﻠﻘﻣ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ
18-20 200 تﺎﻳﻮﻠﺣ
18-20 200 ﻚﻤﺳ
30-40 200 يﻮﺸﻣ جﺎﺟد
AR
18-25 200 خﺎﻴﺳأ
10-15 180 ﺮﻤﺣأ ﻢﺤﻟ
20-30 180 جﺎﺟد
12-18 180 ﺔﻳﺮﺤﺒﻟا تﺎﻳﴩﻘﻟا
ةﺪﻣ .مﺎﻌﻄﻟا عﻮﻧ ﲆﻋ ءﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﺑ حﻮﺼﻨﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺖﻗوو ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﲆﻋ طﻮﺒﻀﻣ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﱪﻟا .ﻲﻬﻃ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﱪﻟ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺰﻣر ﻞﻛ
ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟردو ﺖﻗو ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ًﺎﻀﻳأ ﻦﻜ .ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛو ﻚﻤﺳ ﲆﻋ ًﺎﻀﻳأ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ يأ ،ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
.ًﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﻃﻮﺒﻀﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺞﻣاﺮﺑ
تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد
(ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ)
ﺪﺤﻟا) ﺖﻗﻮﻟا
(دﻷا
ﺪﺤﻟا-دﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ
(ﻢﻏ) ﴡﻗﻷا
ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗرو ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ
200 15-20 600-700 ةﺪّﻤﺠﻣ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ ﻖﺋﺎﻗر
200 20-25 600-700 ﻊﻄﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ
ةﺪّﻤﺠﻣ ﺔﻜﻴﻤﺳ
200 25-30 800-1000 ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ ﻦﺗاﺮﻏ
جﺎﺟدو مﻮﺤﻟ
180 10-15 500-800 ﻢﺤﻟ ﺔﺤﻳﴍ
180 10-15 500-800 ﺮﻳﺰﻨﺨﻟا ﻊﻠﺿ
180 10-15 400-800 ﺮﺟرﻮﺒﻣﺎﻫ
200 13-15 400-800 ﻖﺠﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ تﺎّﻔﻟ
180 25-30 400-800 جﺎﺟد ذﺎﺨﻓأ
180 15-20 400-800 جﺎﺟد رﺪﺻ
200 30-40 500-1000 جﺎﺟد
ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ ﺔﺒﺟو
تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
ًﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔّﻴﻬﻄﻣ
200 8-10 500-800 ﻊﻴﺑﺮﻟا تﺎّﻔﻟ
تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
ًﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔّﻴﻬﻄﻣ
200 6-10 500-1000 ةﻐﺻ جﺎﺟد ﻊﻄﻗ
ةﺪّﻤﺠﻣ
140
AR
تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد
(ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ)
ﺪﺤﻟا) ﺖﻗﻮﻟا
(دﻷا
ﺪﺤﻟا-دﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ
(ﻢﻏ) ﴡﻗﻷا
تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
ًﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔّﻴﻬﻄﻣ
200 6-10 500-800 ةﻐﺻ ﻚﻤﺳ ﻊﻄﻗ
ةﺪّﻤﺠﻣ
تﺎﺘﻔﺑ ةﻮﺴﻜﻣ ﺔﻤﻌﻃأ
ةﺪّﻤﺠﻣو ﺰﺒﺨﻟا
تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
ًﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔّﻴﻬﻄﻣ
180 8-10 500-800 ﺔﻨﺒﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ ﺔﺒﺟو
160 10 400-800 ﻮﺸﺤﻣ رﺎﻀﺧ
ﺎﻫداﺪﻋإ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺔﻤﻌﻃأ
نﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ
نﺮﻓ ﺔّﻴﻨﻴﺻ مﺪﺨﺘﺳا 160 20-25 800 ﺔﺗرﻮﺗ
نﺮﻓ ﺔّﻴﻨﻴﺻ مﺪﺨﺘﺳا
جﺎﺟز ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋو /
ﺲﻜﻳﱪﻟا
180 20-22 800 ﴚﻴﻛ
نﺮﻓ ﺔّﻴﻨﻴﺻ مﺪﺨﺘﺳا 200 15-18 800 ﻓﺎﻣ
نﺮﻓ ﺔّﻴﻨﻴﺻ مﺪﺨﺘﺳا
جﺎﺟز ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋو /
ﺲﻜﻳﱪﻟا
160 20 800 ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ ﺔﺒﺟو
ىﻮﻠﺤﻟا
ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻒﻴﻔﺠﺗ
تﺎﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
ﻊﻣ ةدّرﻮﳌا ﺔﺛﻼﺜﻟا
(J) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
80 ﺔﻋﺎﺳ 6-12 500-700 مﻮﺤﻟو رﺎﻀﺧو ﻪﻛاﻮﻓ
ﺰﺒﺧو ﻚﻤﺳو
اﺬﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺄﻔﻄُﻳ ﻢﺛ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻋ تﻮﺻ رﺪﺼﻳ "0" ﱃإ (ﺮﺎﺗ) ﺖّﻗﺆﳌا ﻞﺼﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .(ﺮﺎﺗ) ﺖّﻗﻮﻣ ﰲ دّوﺰﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ
.ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ تﺎﻈﺤﻟ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻟا مﺎﻈﻧ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻳ .ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ
ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ ،بﺎﺒﻟا ﻖﻠﻏ ﺪﻨﻋ .ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ بﺎﺒﻟا ﺢﺘﻓ ﻢﺗ اذإ ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻄﻳ
.ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﰲ ﻪﻟﺎﻌﺷإ ﻢﺗ اذإ ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﲇﺧاﺪﻟا ءﻮﻀﻟا ﻞﻌﺸﻳو
ةاﻮﺸﳌا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
.(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺰّﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ دأ ﲆﻋ (K) ةﺮﻄﻘﳌا ﻊﺿ .(J) ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ 1
141
AR
ةاﻮﺸﳌا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻲﻬﻃ ﺪﻨﻋ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻞﻔﺳﺄﺑ ةﺮﻄﻘﳌا ﻊﺿ
ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺎﻬﺘّﺒﺜﺗ ّﻟ ﻲﻏﱪﻟا ّﺪﺷ ﻢﺛ ،(ﻞﺧاﺪﻟا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ نﺎﻓﺮﻄﻟا) (M) ﺦﻴﺴﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺗﺒﻜﻟا ﺘﻛﻮﺸﻟا ﺪﺣأ كّﺮﺣ 2
ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ﺎﻫزﺮﻏأ ﻢﺛ ،(ﺎﻫﻏ وأ جﺎﺟد وأ ﺮﻘﺑ ﻢﺤﻟ) ﺎﻬﻳﻮﺷ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﻢﺤﻠﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﻂﻴﺧ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻂﺑرأ .(7
هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﺎاد فاﺮﻃﻷا نﻮﻜﺗ نأ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟا ﺔﻛﻮﺸﻟا ﻂّﺒﻫ .ﻢﺤﻠﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﻂﺳو ﰲ ﺦﻴﺴﻟا لﺎﺧدا
.ﺘﻛﻮﺸﻟا ﺖّﺒﺛ ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻣو ﻂﺳﻮﻟا ﰲ ﻢﺤﻠﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ رﺰﻐﺗ ﻟ موﺰﻠﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﱃوﻷا ﺔﻛﻮﺸﻟا ّ
ﻚﻓ .ﻞﺧاﺪﻟا
ﻞﻜﺷ) كّﺮﺤ دّوﺰﳌا ﴪﻳﻷا دﺎﻨﺴﻠﻟ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﳌا ﻒﻳﻮﺠﺘﻟا ﰲ ﺦﻴﺴﻟا فﺮﻃ ﻞﺧدأ 3
.(9 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻦﻷا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺲﻛﺎﻌﳌا فﺮﻄﻟا ﺪﻨﺳأ .(8
."لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﰲ ّ
ﺒﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻲﻬﻃ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ أﺪﺑا
.ﲇﺧاﺪﻟا ءﻮﻀﻟا ًﺎﻀﻳأ ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .( ) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا وأ ﺦﻴﺴﻟا ﺮﻳوﺪﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا 4
.(O) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا وأ ﺦﻴﺴﻟا ﺮﻳوﺪﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،ﺔﻈﺤﻟ يأ ﰲ ناروﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ فﺎﻘﻳﻹ
ﺮﺧﻵا فﺮﻄﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا ﻢﺛ ،ﻦﻷا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺦﻴﺴﻟا ﻊﻓر ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ (N) ﺔﻛﻮﺸﻟا مﺪﺨﺘﺳا ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻨﻋ
.(10 ﻞﻜﺷ) كّﺮﺤ دّوﺰﳌا ﴪﻳﻷا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ
ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻲﻬﻃ
.(11 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﲆﻋﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻚﺒﺸﳌا ﻊﻓرا ،ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا بﺎﺑ ﺢﺘﻔﻟ 1
.ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻞﺧدأ 2
.ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا بﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻏأ 3
ءاﻮﻬﻟﺎﺑ ﲇﻘﻟا ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻲﻬﻃ ﺪﻨﻋ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ دﺄﺑ ةﺮﻄﻘﳌا ﻊﺿ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖّﻘﺤﺗ .ﺮﻳوﺪﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا مﺎﻌﻄﻟا ﻂﻘﺴﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ .ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺰّﻴﺣ ﰲ مﺎﻌﻄﻟا طﻮﻘﺳ ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻖﻠﻐﻣ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا بﺎﺑ
.(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺰّﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ دأ ﲆﻋ (K) ةﺮﻄﻘﳌا ﻊﺿ .(J) ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ 4
كّﺮﺤ دّوﺰﳌا ﴪﻳﻷا دﺎﻨﺴﻠﻟ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﳌا ﻒﻳﻮﺠﺘﻟا ﰲ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا رﻮﺤﻣ فﺮﻃ ﻞﺧدأ 5
.ﻦﻷا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺲﻛﺎﻌﳌا فﺮﻄﻟا ﺪﻨﺳأ .(13 ﻞﻜﺷ)
."لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﰲ ّ
ﺒﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻲﻬﻃ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ أﺪﺑا
.ﲇﺧاﺪﻟا ءﻮﻀﻟا ًﺎﻀﻳأ ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .( ) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا وأ ﺦﻴﺴﻟا ﺮﻳوﺪﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا 6
.(O) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا وأ ﺦﻴﺴﻟا ﺮﻳوﺪﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،ﺔﻈﺤﻟ يأ ﰲ ناروﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ فﺎﻘﻳﻹ
ﺮﺧﻵا فﺮﻄﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا ﻢﺛ ،ﻦﻷا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺦﻴﺴﻟا ﻊﻓر ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ (N) ﺔﻛﻮﺸﻟا مﺪﺨﺘﺳا ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻨﻋ
.(14 ﻞﻜﺷ) كّﺮﺤ دّوﺰﳌا ﴪﻳﻷا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
142
AR
دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ يﺄﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ىﺮﺧﻷا ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ .ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻌﺼﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
،ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ كزﺎﻬﺠﺑ صﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﺺﺘﺨﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﻟاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﻢﺘﻳ ﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﺧ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ بﺮﻗأ ﱃإ هﺬﺧ ﻪﻔﻠﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲو
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ تاودأ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.لﻌﺘﺳا ةﺮﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻞﺒﻗ تﺎﺘﻔﻟا وأ ءاﺬﻐﻟا تﺎﺒ ّ
ﺳﺮﺗ ﻦﻣ نﺮﻔﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ
.ﺔّﻓﺎﺟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻔّﻔﺟ ﻢﺛ ،ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏو ﺔﺒﻃر ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒّﻈﻧ
.حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﻒّﻔﺟ .ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺎﻬّﻠﺒﺗ نأ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻞﺴﻏا
.ﺎﻬﻨﻋ مﺎﻌﻄﻟا تﺎﻔّﻠﺨﻣ دﺎﻌﺑﻹ ﺔّﻓﺎﺟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ تﺎﻣوﺎﻘﳌا ﻒّﻈﻧ
ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺼﻋ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﻀﻣﺎﺤﻟا ﴏﺎﻨﻌﻟا يدﺆﺗ .ﺔﻴﻀﻣﺎﺣ ﴏﺎﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﲆﻋ كﱰﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ ﺎﻬﻛﺮﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ ءﻼﻄﻟا ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ ﺎﻬﻬﺑﺎﺷ ﺎﻣو ﻞﺨﻟاو ﺔﺒﻠﻌﳌا ﻢﻃﻄﻟاو نﻮﻤﻴﻠﻟا
.ﻲﺤﻄﺴﻟا ءﻼﻄﻟا ﻒﻠﺗ وأ شﺪﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﻣ تاودأ وأ ﺔﻛﺎﺣ تﺎﻔّﻈﻨﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
ﻞﺧاد ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ تﺎﻔّﻈﻨﻣ) مﻮﻴﻨﳌﻷا ﻞﻛﺂﺗ يدﺆﺗ تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ ،نﺮﻔﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ
.ةّدﺎﺣ وأ ﺔﺒّﺑﺪﻣ ءﺎﻴﺷﺄﺑ نارﺪﺠﻟا ّ
ﻚﺤﺗ ﻻو (ﺮﻳراﻮﻗ
.اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎّ
ﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺴﻐﺗ ﻻ
لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣو نﻮﺑﺎﺼﻟاو ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ ،مﺎﺗ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ دﱪﻳ نأ ﺪﻌﺑو ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
.ﺔﺒﻃر ﺞﻨﻔﺳا ﺔﻌﻄﻘﺑ ﺔﻧﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا
.ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻲﺟرﺎﺨﻟا ﺢﻄﺴﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ
تﺎﺒّﻛﺮﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
نﻮﺤﺼﻠﻟ يدﺎﻋ ﻒّﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ًﻻﺪﺑ .اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎ ّ
ﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد ﺦﻴﺴﻟاو ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو ةﺮﻄﻘﳌاو تﺎﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻞﻴﺴﻏ ﻦﻜ
.ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ ﺞﻨﻔﺳا ﺔﻌﻄﻗو
ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﻞﺧدا .ﻒّﻈﻨﳌا ﻦﻣ طﺎﻘﻧ ﻊﻀﺑ ﻒﺿأ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋو ﺊﻠﻣ ﻦﻜ ،ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا مﺎﻌﻄﻟا تﺎﻔّﻠﺨﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﻄﺘﻟ
.ﻒّﻔﺟو ﻞﺴﻏا .ﻪﻟﻮﻌﻔﻣ ﻒّﻈﻨﳌا ﺬﺧﺄﻳ ﻟ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد 10 ﺮﻈﺘﻧاو
.اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎّ
ﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد ﻪﻠﻴﺴﻏو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا بﺎﺑ ّ
ﻚﻓ ﻦﻜ
.بﺎﺒﻟا ﺢﺘﻓا -
.(15 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﴪﻳﻷا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ بﺎﺒﻟا ﺐﺤﺳاو رﺎﺴﻴﻟا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ (H) ﺔﻗّﻻﺰﻟا ﻞﻘﻧأ -
.ﻦﻷا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻪﻗﺎﺘﻋﻻ ﻤﻴﻟا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ بﺎﺒﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا -
.بﺎﺒﻟا ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ةدﺎﻋﻹ ،ﺲﻜﻌﻟﺎﺑ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا يﺮﺟأ
ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﺤﻟ تادﺎﺷرإ
AR
لﻮﻠﺤﻟا ﺔﻨﻜﻤﳌا بﺎﺒﺳﻷا ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌا
يﺬﻟا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
.ضّرﺆﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا لﺎﺧدإ ﻢﺘﻳ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﻻ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺖﻗو ﻂﺒﺿا .ﺖّﻗﻮﳌا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ رّود
بﻮﻠﻄﳌا
.ﺖّﻗﻮﳌا ﻂﺒﺿ ﻢﺘﻳ
.ﺪّﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا بﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻏأ .ﺪّﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻖﻠﻐﻣ ﻏ بﺎﺒﻟا
ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻦﻣ ّﻞﻗأ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻞﺧدأ
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻫﻮﻬﻃ ﻢﺘﻳ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ
.ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ
ًاﺪﺟ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﺔﻴّﻤﻛ ةﺰﻫﺎﺟ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا
ﻂﺒﺿ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ رّود .ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد دز
.ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد
.ًاﺪﺟ ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻣ ﺔﻃﻮﺒﻀﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد
.ﺖّﻗﻮﳌا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ رّود .ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةّﺪﻣ دز .ًاﺪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﻀﺤﺘﻟا ﺖﻗو
وأ يﻮﻠﻌﻟا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا
ﺐﺠﻳ (ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ) ىﺮﺧأ تﺎﻧﻮﻜ ﺔﻴّﻄﻐﳌا
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺎﻬﻄﻠﺧ
ﻛأ ﺎﻬﻄﻠﺧ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا عاﻮﻧأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ةﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﻬﻄﻣ ﻏ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا
ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ
وأ نﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ ّﺪﻌﺗ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ ﺔﺒﺟو ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
ﻞﺒﻗ ﺖﻳﺰﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺨﻟا ﺔﺒﺟﻮﻟا ﲇﻃأ
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺰّﻴﺣ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﺎﺧدإ
ﻏ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ تﺎﺒﺟو لﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ مﻮﻘﺗ ﺖﻧأ
.ﺔﻳﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟا ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻗ
ﻏ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﳌا ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺨﻟا تﺎﺒﺟﻮﻟا
.ﺔﺼّﻤﺤﻣ
ﲇﻗ ﺪﻨﻋةﺮﻄﻘﳌا ﰲ ﻛأ ﺖﻳز ﺐ ّ
ﺳﱰﻳ
ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺪﻟﻮّﺘﻳ .ﺔﻨﻫﺪﳌا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا
ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﻻ .ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﻛأ نﺎﺧد
ﻀﺤﺗ ﲆﻋ لﺎﻜﺷﻷا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ يﺄﺑ ﻚﻟذ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﲆﻋ وأ تﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌا
ﺔﻨﻫﺪﻣ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﻣ داﺪﻋﺈﺑ مﻮﻘﺗ ﺖﻧأ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺾﻴﺑأ نﺎﺧد جﺮﺨﻳ
ﻦﻫﺪﻟا ﺨﺴﺗ ﱃإ ﺾﻴﺑﻷا نﺎﺧﺪﻟا دﻮﻌﻳ
تﺎﻣوﺎﻘﳌا ﲆﻋ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺖﻳﺰﻟا وأ
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺰّﻴﺣ ﻒّﻈﻧ . ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
بﻮﻠﻄﳌا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا .لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺪّﻴﺟ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا دﱪﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺎﻫؤاﺮﺟإ
ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻧ ﺔﻴﻨﻫد تﺎﻔّﻠﺨﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﻳ
.ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻋ
ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺎﻬﺒﻠﻗاو ﺔﺟزﺎﻃ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
ﻏ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ عﻮﻧ لﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ مﻮﻘﺗ ﺖﻧأ
.ﲇﻘﻠﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ
ﺔﻌﻄﻘﳌاو ﺔﺟزﺎﻄﻟا ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا
ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻣ ﻏ ﴢﻋ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ
.ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
يﺬﻟا ﺎﺸﻨﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﻛ لزأو ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﻒﻄﺷأ
.ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ ﺐﺳﺮﺗ
ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻗ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﻒّﻔﺟو ﻒﻄﺷأ
144
AR
لﻮﻠﺤﻟا ﺔﻨﻜﻤﳌا بﺎﺒﺳﻷا ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌا
ﻦﻣ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﺢﻄﺳ ﻒﻴﻔﺠﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﻞﺒﻗ ءﺎﳌا
ﺔّﻴﻠﻘﳌا ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺗ ﺔﺟرد ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ
ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﰲ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻴّﻤﻛ ﲆﻋ
داﺪﻋﻹ هﻮﻤﺘﻣﺪﺨﺘﺳا يﺬﻟا ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﺔﻴّﻤﻛو
.ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا
ﲆﻋ ﺔﻌﻄﻘﳌا ﺔﺟزﺎﻄﻟا ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا
لﺎﺣ ﺔﺼّﻤﺤﻣ ﻏ ﴢﻋ ﻞﻜﺷ
.ةﻼﻘﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻟوﺎﻨﺗ
ةﻐﺻ ﴢﻋ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﻊّﻄﻗ
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﺼّﻤﺤﻣ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ ﲆﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﺗ ﻟ
.ﺪﻴﺟ
لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻛأ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻒﺿأ
.ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺪﻴﺟ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﲆﻋ
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AR
ǽǾǼȄdzǷǽǼǿǥǯǻǶǸ
ɉɨɩɪɢɬɟɳɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɢɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɿɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɞɨɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɯɞɿɸɱɢɯɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯɫɬɚɧ-
ɞɚɪɬɿɜɬɚɦɚɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɭɜɫɿɯɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɢɯɦɿɫɰɹɯɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɭɜɚɠɧɨɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢ
ɡɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɧɟɳɚɫɧɢɯ
ɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜɬɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɁɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɰɟɣɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɞɥɹɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿɣɭɦɚɣ-
ɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭɁɚɧɚɦɿɪɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢɰɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɧɲɨɦɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɭɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɫɭɩɪɨɜɨ-
ɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ȱɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɚɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢɹɤɿɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣ
Ɂɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɨɩɿɤɢ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɚɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɨɸ
ɍɜɚɝɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɛɢɬɤɢ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɢɯɡɿɧɲɢɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ǽǾǶǵǻǮȅdzǻǻȍ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜɉɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɩɿɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɪɿɞɤɨʀʀɠɿȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɢɜɛɭɞɶɹɤɟɿɧɲɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɰɶɨɝɨɩɪɢ-
ɥɚɞɭɰɟɡɜɿɥɶɧɹɽɣɨɝɨɜɿɞɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿɡɚɡɛɢɬɤɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿɧɟɧɚ-
ɥɟɠɧɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭȼɧɟɫɟɧɧɹɡɦɿɧɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɜɟɞɟɞɨɫɤɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɝɚɪɚɧɬɿʀ
ǵǮǹǶȆǸǼǰǥǾǶǵǶǸǶ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚ ɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦ ɫɬɪɭɦɨɦ Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɞɨɞɟɤɚɪɟɲɿɬɨɤɜɟɪɬɟɥɭɤɨɲɢɤɚɿɦɟ-
ɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯ ɯɜɢɥɢɧ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
Ⱦɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧ
ǵǮǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǻȍǵǯdzǵǽdzǸǶ
ɎȽȻɁɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɄɍɀȲɈɌɍɋɎɅɑȲȳɊɀɋɀȿɊɉɒȻɍɅɉɇȽɃɅɉɋɃɌɍȻɈɈɚ
ɐɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɭɦɨɜɚɯɬɚɜɭɦɨɜɚɯ
ɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɯɞɨɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɚɫɚɦɟ
ɧɚɤɭɯɧɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɿɜɨɮɿɫɿɜɬɚɭɿɧɲɢɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ
ɭɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɤɥɿɽɧɬɚɦɢɝɨɬɟɥɿɜɦɨɬɟɥɿɜɬɚɿɧɲɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨ-
ɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ
ɭɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯɬɢɩɭ©EHGDQGEUHDNIDVWª
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɧɟɫɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɚɛɨɡɚɜɢ-
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɟɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭ
146
UA
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɭɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɿɫɟɪɜɿɫ-
ɧɿɩɨɫɥɭɝɢɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɩɨɥɨɦɨɤɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɸɭɩɚ-
ɤɨɜɤɨɸɜɢɪɨɛɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɨȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɭ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɱɢɯɳɨɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶɞɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɯɚɛɨɧɚ-
ɞɚɧɢɯɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɪɢɡɢɤɭɩɨɠɟɠɿɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɫɬɪɭɦɨɦɬɚɦɨɠɟɡɚɜɞɚɬɢɲɤɨɞɭɥɸɞɹɦ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɭȯɋʋɜɿɞɳɨɞɨɦɚɬɟ-
ɪɿɚɥɿɜɹɤɿɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɸɬɶɡɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȒșȭȒȳȠȓȗ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɪɨɤɿɜɬɚɨɫɨɛɢɡɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢ-
ɦɢɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɢɦɢɚɛɨɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɦɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦ
ɞɨɫɜɿɞɨɦɚɛɨɡɧɚɧɧɹɦɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɚɛɨɩɿɫɥɹɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠɭɳɨɞɨɛɟɡ-
ɩɟɱɧɨɝɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɬɚɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɢɯɡɰɢɦɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
Ⱦɿɬɹɦɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɝɪɚɬɢɫɹɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɿɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɛɨɤɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ
ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɶɦɢɹɤɿɦɨɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜɬɚɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɬɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨ-
ɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɬɚɤɢɦɱɢɧɨɦɳɨɛɞɿɬɢɧɟɦɨɝɥɢɞɿɫɬɚɬɢɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧ
ȿɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɩɨɪɭɱɡɞɿɬɶɦɢɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɽ
ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨʀɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ
ɍɧɢɤɚɣɬɟɬɨɝɨɳɨɛɞɿɬɢɫɯɨɩɢɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɦɨɝɥɢɫɤɢɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɹɤɳɨ ɰɟɣ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɭɬɢɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ
ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɪɿɡɚɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧ-
ɧɹɄɪɿɦɬɨɝɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɩɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹɡɭɫɿɦɚɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɳɨɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢɤɨ-
ɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɥɹɿɝɨɪ
ǵȎȟȠȓȞȓȔȓțțȭȝȞȜȜȝȳȘȖ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɞɨɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɬɚɞɨɫɤɥɚ
ɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɩɿɞɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɬɚɭɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿɯɜɢɥɢɧɢɩɿɫɥɹɣɨɝɨɜɢɦɤɧɟɧ-
ɧɹȾɨɡɜɨɥɹɽɬɶɫɹɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹɬɿɥɶɤɢɞɨɪɭɱɤɢɞɜɟɪɰɹɬȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɨɯɨɥɨ-
ɞɠɟɧɧɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧ
Ʉɨɥɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɟɩɪɚɰɸɽɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɉɟɪɟɞ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɨɸɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɨɡɜɨɥɶɬɟɣɨɦɭɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɬɢ
ɇɟɩɟɪɟɦɿɳɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɤɢɜɿɧɳɟɦɿɫɬɢɬɶʀɠɭ
ɇɚɫɢɩɚɣɬɟɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɡɚɜɠɞɢɿɬɿɥɶɤɢɧɚɪɟɲɿɬɤɢɚɛɨɭɤɨɲɢɤɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭʀɠɿɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɢɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɥɶɧɢɦɢɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɇɟɡɚɤɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɩɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚɛɿɪɧɢɤɢ
ɇɟɡɚɩɨɜɧɸɣɬɟɞɟɤɨɨɥɿɽɸɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɠɟɠɿ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɝɚɪɹɱɟɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɿɩɚɪɜɢɯɨɞɹɬɶɡɩɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚɛɿɪɧɢɤɚɇɟ
147
UA
ɧɚɛɥɢɠɚɣɬɟɪɭɤɢɿɨɛɥɢɱɱɹɞɨɩɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚɛɿɪɧɢɤɚ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɧɧɹɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɡɧɶɨɝɨɬɚɤɨɠɜɢɯɨɞɹɬɶɝɚɪɹɱɟɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ
ɿɩɚɪɚɇɟɧɚɛɥɢɠɚɣɬɟɪɭɤɢɿɨɛɥɢɱɱɹɞɨɞɜɟɪɰɹɬ
əɤɳɨɡɩɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚɛɿɪɧɢɤɚɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɱɨɪɧɢɣɞɢɦɧɟɝɚɣɧɨɜɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɡɩɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚ-
ɛɿɪɧɢɤɚɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɞɢɦȾɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟʀɠɭɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɍɜɚɝɚɝɚɪɹɱɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȐȭȕȎțȎȕȓșȓȘȠȞȖȘȜȬ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɨɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶɳɨɜɤɚ-
ɡɚɧɚɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɧɚɩɪɭɡɿɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
əɤɳɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɛɭɞɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɧɟɭɬɿɣɤɪɚʀɧɿɞɟɜɿɧɛɭɜɩɪɢɞɛɚɧɢɣ
ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɬɟɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɭɐɟɧ-
ɬɪɿɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɂɚɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɜɚɱɚɜɿɧɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɿɞ-
ɩɨɜɿɞɚɬɢɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɳɨɛɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɚɦɞɥɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɿɝɚ-
ɪɚɧɬɭɜɚɬɢɛɟɡɩɟɤɭɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹɜɹɤɨɦɭɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɩɪɢɥɚɞ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɡɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
ɇɟɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɣɬɟɫɶɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɹɤɳɨɭɜɚɫɦɨɤɪɿɪɭɤɢɚɬɚɤɨɠɛɨɫɨɧɿɠ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ ɹɤɳɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɱɢɜɢɥ-
ɤɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɿɚɛɨɹɤɳɨɫɚɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɢɣɍɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɡɪɟɦɨɧɬɭ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢɡɚɦɿɧɭɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɋɟɪ-
ɜɿɫɧɢɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ©$ULHWHª ɚɛɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɫɬɚɦɢ
©$ULHWHªɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
ɇɟɩɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɛɭɞɶɹɤɿɿɧɲɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɢɡɜɟɥɢɤɨɸɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɸɩɟɱɿɩɪɚɫɤɢ
ɪɚɞɿɚɬɨɪɢɿɬɩɭɬɭɠɫɚɦɭɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɿɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɜɚɬɢɡɝɚɪɹɱɢɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɦɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɬɹɝɚɬɢɜɢɥɤɭɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɬɪɢɦɚɸɱɢʀʀɡɚɤɚɛɟɥɶ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɛɥɢɡɭɜɿɞɝɨɫɬɪɢɯɤɪɚʀɜɚɛɨɱɚɫɬɢɧ
ɇɟɩɟɪɟɫɭɜɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɬɹɝɧɭɱɢɣɨɝɨɡɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɝɪɨɡɢɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȳȕȏȖȠȘȖ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɡɚɜɠɞɢɪɨɡɦɨɬɭɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɠɢɜɢɬɢɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɬɚɣɦɟɪɢɚɛɨɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ
ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤɡɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɿɣɧɢɦɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ
ɓɨɛɧɟɩɨɪɭɲɭɜɚɬɢɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɿɫɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɬɿɥɶɤɢɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶ-
ɧɿɡɚɩɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɬɚɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɱɿɫɯɜɚɥɟɧɿɫɚɦɢɦɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦ
ɉɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨɹɤɜɢɥɤɚɤɚɛɟɥɸɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɛɭɥɚɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɚɜɿɞɪɨ-
148
UA
ɡɟɬɤɢɿɜɫɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɥɢɣɨɝɨɦɨɠɧɚɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ
ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɡɥɟɝɤɚɡɦɨɱɟɧɨɸɭɜɨɞɿɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɪɨɡɱɢɧɧɢɤɢɳɨɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɭɸɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ
ɇɟɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɛɥɢɡɭɡɚɣɦɢɫɬɢɯɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜɬɤɚɧɢɧɢɮɿɪɚɧɤɢ
ɉɟɪɲɧɿɠɩɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹɡɚɜɠɞɢɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢ-
ɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɝɚɪɹɱɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɬɶ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɿɞɞɿɽɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯɹɜɢɳɞɨɳɫɨɧɰɟɿɬɩ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɧɚɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɦɭɩɨɜɿɬɪɿ
ɇɟɪɨɡɛɢɪɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞȼɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɹɤɢɦɢɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɚɛɨɦɢɬɢɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿ
Ɂɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɡɚɤɪɢɬɨɦɭɩɪɨɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɦɭɿɫɭɯɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȦȘȜȒȔȓțȪȝȜȐȭȕȎțȖȣȕȳțȦȖȚȖȝȞȖȥȖ-
țȎȚȖ
ȼɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɬɿɥɶɤɢɬɨɞɿɤɨɥɢɜɿɧɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɪɨɛɨɱɨɦɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɿ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɛɟɡɧɚɝɥɹɞɭɤɨɥɢɜɿɧɩɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɢɣɞɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɦɟ-
ɪɟɠɿ
əɤɳɨɜɚɦɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɜɿɞɥɭɱɢɬɢɫɹɧɚɜɿɬɶɧɚɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣɱɚɫɡɚɜɠɞɢɜɢɦɢɤɚɣɬɟ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɜɢɪɨɛɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨʀɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɢ
ȯɋɫɥɿɞɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɣɚɪɤɭɲɳɨɞɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɞɨɜɢɪɨɛɭ
ǵǯdzǾǥDZǮǷȀdzȄȌǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥȌ
149
UA
ǼǽǶǿǽǾǶǹǮDzȁ
A - Ʉɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ / Ʉɨɲɢɤ
B - Ƚɨɬɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɣɜɿɞɫɿɤ 0ȼɟɪɬɟɥɞɥɹɝɪɢɥɹ
C - Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ 1ȼɢɞɟɥɤɚɞɥɹɡɧɚɬɬɹɜɟɪɬɟɥɚɿɤɨɲɢɤɚ
'Ⱦɜɟɪɰɹɬɚ 2Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɨɛɟɪɬɚɧɧɹɤɨɲɢɤɚɡɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ
E - Ɋɭɱɤɚ ,ɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɨɛɨɬɢ
)Ʌɿɜɚɩɪɢɜɿɞɧɚɨɩɨɪɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɚɨɛɟɪɬɚɧɧɹɤɨɲɢɤɚɜɟɪɬɟɥɚɿɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨʀɩɿɞɫɜɿɬɤɢ
*ɉɪɚɜɚɨɩɨɪɚ ɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ
+Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɪɨɡɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɜɟɪɰɹɬ 3Ɋɭɱɤɚɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
, Ɋɭɤɨɹɬɤɚɞɥɹɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ 4Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ
- Ɋɟɲɿɬɤɚɲɬ 5ɉɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚɛɿɪɧɢɤ
K - Ⱦɟɤɨ
ǥȒȓțȠȖȢȳȘȎȤȳȗțȳȒȎțȳ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɹɤɚɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɨɩɨɪɧɨɸɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɨɸɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɿɬɚɤɿɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɿ
ɞɚɧɧɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɿɦɚɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ&(
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɆɨɞ
ɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ61
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɚɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹȼɿɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɚɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɶȼɬ
ɧɨɦɟɪɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɨʀɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨʀɥɿɧɿʀ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɝɨɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹɞɨɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɿɜɜɤɚɠɿɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɿɫɟ-
ɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǽdzǾdzDzǽǼȅǮȀǸǼǺǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯɡɛɢɬɤɿɜɇɚɩɨɤɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɚɥɸɦɿɧɿɽ-
ɜɨɸɮɨɥɶɝɨɸɳɨɛɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɬɢɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɸɪɨɛɨɬɢɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɩɚɤɭɜɚɥɶɧɿɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɢɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɪɿɜɧɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɜɿɞɞɚɥɿɤɜɿɞɜɨɞɢɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ-
ɫɹɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɧɚɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɜɢɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɣɞɨɜɢɫɨɤɢɯɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
- ɉɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɪɨɡɩɪɚɜɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
Ɋɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɤɭɠɬɺɴɩɨɛɪɫɮɞɛɟɩɧɛɳɨɷɩʁɧɠɫɠɡʀɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɛɢɭʀɾɹɴɩɝɥɛɢɛɨɛ
ɨɛɭɛɜɦɣɲɱʀɭɠɰɨʀɲɨɣɰɟɛɨɣɰɪɫɣɦɛɟɮ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯɡɛɢɬɤɿɜɊɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɜɿɞɫɬɚɧɿɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɫɦɜɿɞɫɬɿɧ
ɦɟɛɥɿɜɬɚɿɧɲɢɯɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɜ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɫɬɚɜɢɬɢɪɟɱɿɧɚɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɚɤɨɥɢɜɨɧɢɜɿɞɱɢɧɟɧɿ
150
UA
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɟɪɲɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɨɦɢɣɬɟɪɟɲɿɬɤɢ-ɞɟɤɨ.ɤɨɲɢɤ/ɿɜɟɪɬɟɥ0
Ɋɟɲɿɬɤɢɞɟɤɨɤɨɲɢɤɿɜɟɪɬɟɥɦɨɠɧɚɦɢɬɢɭɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿɍɹɤɨɫɬɿɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɦɢɸɱɢɣɡɚɫɿɛɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɭɿɦɹɤɭɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɭɝɭɛɤɭȾɢɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ³ɑɢɫɬɤɚ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ´
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɟɪɲɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɭɜɿɦɤɧɭɬɢɿɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɢɦɧɚ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɯɜɢɥɢɧɳɨɛɜɢɜɟɫɬɢɡɚɩɚɯɧɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɭª
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ4ɧɚɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ
ɓɨɛɭɜɿɦɤɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ3Ɂɚɥɢɲɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɬɢɭ
ɩɪɨɜɿɬɪɸɜɚɧɨɦɭɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɿɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ɓɨɛɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ3ɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ©ª
ɊʀɟɲɛɬɪɠɫɳɩɞɩɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺɪɫɣɦɛɟɧɩɡɠɝɣɟʀɦɺɭɣɦɠɞɥɣɤɢɛɪɛɰɭɛɟɣɧɈɠɭɮɫɜɮɤ-
ɭɠɬɺɱɠɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɠɺɝɣɴɠɛɟɡɠɟɠɺɥʀɲɛɬɭɣɨɣɜɮɦɣɢɦɠɞɥɛɢɧɛɴɠɨʀɪʀɬɦɺɨɠɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɞɩ
ɲɛɬɮɢɛɪɛɰɢɨɣɥɨɠɑɠɨɠɧɛɭɣɧɠɡɩɟɨɩɞɩɝɪɦɣɝɮɨɛɫɩɜɩɭɮɪɫɣɦɛɟɮ
ǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥǦǵǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯɡɛɢɬɤɿɜ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɩɨɬɟɤɬɢɩɿɞ
ɱɚɫɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɈɤɪɿɦɬɪɭɞɧɨɳɿɜɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɡɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɹɦɨɠɭɬɶɛɭɬɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɸɩɨɠɟɠɿ
ɑɢɫɬɿɬɶɝɨɬɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɣɜɿɞɫɿɤɜɿɞɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɯɡɚɥɢɲɤɿɜʀɠɿɚɛɨɤɪɢɯɬɩɟɪɟɞɤɨɠɧɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫ-
ɬɚɧɧɹɦ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɪɨɡɥɨɦɭɫɤɥɚɇɟɥɢɣɬɟɜɨɞɭɧɚɫɤɥɨɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɤɨɥɢɜɨɧɢɝɚɪɹɱɿɇɟɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ
ɛɭɞɶɹɤɿɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢɧɚɫɤɥɨɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɤɨɥɢɜɨɧɢɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɿ
ɇɟɫɬɚɜɬɟɛɭɞɶɹɤɿɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢɧɚɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɿɞɱɚɫɣɨɝɨɪɨɛɨɬɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɫɬɪɭɦɨɦɇɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɜɢɞɟɥɤɢɚɛɨɿɧɲɿɫɬɨɥɨɜɿ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɐɟɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɥɶɧɢɯɟɥɟ-
ɦɟɧɬɿɜɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɚɛɨɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɫɬɪɭɦɨɦ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɉɿɞɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɿɫɤɥɨɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɸɬɶɫɹɛɟɪɿɬɶɫɹɬɿɥɶɤɢ
ɡɚɪɭɱɤɭɞɜɟɪɰɹɬ
ɇɟɪɨɡɿɝɪɿɜɚɣɬɟɛɭɞɶɹɤɿɯɚɪɱɨɜɿɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɭʀɯɭɩɚɤɨɜɰɿɩɥɹɲɤɚɤɨɪɨɛɤɚɿɬɩ
ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɪɟɲɿɬɤɭ-ɚɛɨɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɞɟɤɚ.Ɇɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨ-
ɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɨɞɧɭɪɟɲɿɬɤɭɊɢɫɚɛɨɬɪɢɪɟɲɿɬɤɢɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨɊɢɫ
Ⱦɟɤɨɞɥɹɫɦɚɠɟɧɧɹɡɚɩɿɤɚɧɧɹɤɨɥɿɪɭɜɚɧɧɹȱɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɩɿɞɯɨ-
ɞɢɬɶɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɫɦɚɠɟɧɢɣɤɭɪɱɚɬɡɚɩɟɱɟɧɢɣɨɜɨɱɿɜ
ɛɿɫɤɜɿɬɿɜɬɚɜɫɿɯɫɬɪɚɜɳɨɝɨɬɭɸɬɶɫɹɭɩɟɱɿ
151
UA
Ɋɟɲɿɬɤɚɲɬɞɥɹɫɭɲɿɧɧɹɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɧɨɝɨɫɦɚɠɟɧɧɹɩɿɞɪɭɦɹ-
ɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɛɫɦɚɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ ȱɞɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹɯɥɿɛɚɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿɦ¶ɹɫɚɪɢɛɢɮɪɭɤɬɿɜɨɜɨɱɿɜ
Ⱦɥɹɜɫɿɯ ɫɬɪɚɜ ɹɤɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɤɚɩɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚ
ɪɟɲɿɬɰɿɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɣɬɟɞɟɤɨɧɚɧɚɣɧɢɠɱɢɣɪɿɜɟɧɶ
Ɏɫɛɢʀɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺɪɫɩɟɮɥɭʀɝʀɢɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɹɩɦʀɾɹɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɤɭɠɟɝɛɦɣɬɭɥɣɛɦɹɧʀ-
ɨʀɾɝɩʁɯɩɦɷɞɣɴɩɜɢɛɪɩɜʀɞɭɣɪɩɭɫɛɪɦɺɨɨɹɞɛɫɺɲɩʁɩɦʀʁɨɛɨɛɞɫʀɝɨʀɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɣɝɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ
ɞɩɭɮɝɛɦɷɨɩɞɩɝʀɟɬʀɥɮɊɩɥɦɛɟʀɭɷɩɟɣɨɦɣɬɭɩɥɨɛɟɠɥɩɛɜɩɨɛɫɠɳʀɭɥɮɛʀɨɳɣɧɨɛɥɫɣɤɭɠ
ɬɭɫɛɝɮ
Ɏɫɛɢʀɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺɪɫɩɟɮɥɭʀɝɨɛɫɠɳʀɭɱʀɛɜɩɮɥɩɳɣɥɮɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦʀɭɷɩɦʀɹɨɛ
ɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɛɰɴɩɜɬɭɫɛɝɛɝɣɤɳɦɛɜʀɦɷɳɰɫɮɬɭɥɩɹʀɢɩɦɩɭɣɬɭɩɹɊɩɭʀɧɪɩɥɦɛɟʀɭɷɪɫɩɟɮɥ-
ɭɣɟɦɺɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺɨɛɫɠɳʀɭɥɮɛɜɩɮɥɩɳɣɥ
Ɏɫɛɢʀɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺɪɫɩɟɮɥɭʀɝɨɛɫɠɳʀɭɱʀɨɛɝɠɫɭɠɦʀɛɜɩɮɥɩɳɣɥɮɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩɝɬɭɛɨɩ-
ɝɣɭɣɭɛɥɩɡʀɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɛɤɨɣɡɲɣɤɫʀɝɠɨɷɞɩɭɮɝɛɦɷɨɩɞɩɝʀɟɬʀɥɮ ɟɦɺ ɢɜɩɫɮ ɡɣɫʀɝ ɔɩɜ
ɢɛɪɩɜʀɞɭɣɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɹɟɣɧɮɨɠɪɫɣɾɧɨɣɰɢɛɪɛɰʀɝɭɛɢɛɭɝɠɫɟʀɦɣɰɢɛɜɫɮɟɨɠɨɷɫɠɥɩɧɠɨ-
ɟɮɾɭɷɬɺɨɛɦɣɭɣɭɫɩɰɣɝɩɟɣɮɟɠɥɩ
Ɇɨɠɧɚɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɪɨɡɿɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɯɚɪɱɨɜɿɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ
ɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɚɛɨɞɨɞɚɬɢɱɚɫɪɨɡɿɝɪɿɜɭɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɞɨɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɉɨɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɪɟɲɿɬɤɭ-ɚɛɨɞɟɤɨ.ɡɪɚɧɿɲɟɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɚɧɢɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢɭɝɨɬɭɜɿɥɶɧɢɣɜɿɞɫɿɤ
ɋɩɢɭɛɳɮɤɭɠɫɠɳʀɭɥɮɛɜɩɟɠɥɩɭɛɥɣɧɲɣɨɩɧɴɩɜɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɣɢɨɛɰɩɟɣɦɣɬɷɨɛɝʀɟɬɭɛɨʀɧʀ-
ɨʀɧɮɧɬɧɝʀɟɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɦɷɨɣɰɠɦɠɧɠɨɭʀɝɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɣɤɮɝɠɫɰɨʀɤɲɛɬɭɣɨʀɞɩɭɮɝɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ
ɝʀɟɬʀɥɮ
Ɉɠɪɠɫɠɝɛɨɭɛɡɮɤɭɠɫɠɳʀɭɥɣɟɠɥɩɛɜɩɥɩɳɣɥɨɛɟɧʀɫɨɩɹɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹʁɡʀȿɩɭɫɣɧɮɤɭɠɬɷ
ɧɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɣɰɢɨɛɲɠɨɷɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀɝɥɛɢɛɨɣɰɮɭɛɜɦɣɱʀ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɭɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ
ɓɨɛɭɜɿɦɤɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ3ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɛɚɠɚɧɢɣɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨ-
ɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɌɚɣɦɟɪɪɟɝɭɥɸɽɬɶɫɹɞɨɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɶɫɹɿɩɿɱɩɨɱɧɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɹɡɚɞɚɧɨɝɨ
ɱɚɫɭɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɨɝɚɫɧɟ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ4ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɛɚɠɚɧɭɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹȾɿɚɩɚɡɨɧɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɝɪɚɞɭɫɿɜ
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɿɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɶɫɹəɤɬɿɥɶɤɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨʀ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɡɝɚɫɧɟ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɨɠɧɚɭɜɿɦɤɧɭɬɢɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɸɩɿɞɫɜɿɬɤɭɤɧɨɩɤɨɸ2
Ʉɨɥɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɱɢɧɚɽɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɬɢɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɜɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹɬɚɤɨɠɿɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿɹȼɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿɹ
ɝɚɪɹɱɨɝɨɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɝɚɪɚɧɬɭɽɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɢɣɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɿɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽɨɞɧɨɪɿɞɧɿɫɬɶɝɨɬɭ-
152
UA
ɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɭɫɿɯɪɿɜɧɹɯɛɟɡɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɡɦɿɲɭɜɚɬɢɡɚɩɚɯɢ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɢɧɚɩɚɭɡɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɳɨɛɩɟɪɟɦɿɲɚɬɢɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢ
ɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɨɰɟɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯɡɛɢɬɤɿɜɇɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɜɢɞɟɥɤɢɚɛɨɿɧɲɿɫɬɨɥɨɜɿɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɜɫɟ-
ɪɟɞɢɧɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɐɟɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɥɶɧɢɯɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɚɛɨɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɫɬɪɭɦɨɦ
ɓɨɛɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ 3ɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ©ª ɇɚɝɪɿɜɚɥɶɧɿ
ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜɢɦɢɤɚɸɬɶɫɹ
ɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɞɚɫɬɶɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɿɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹəɤɳɨɿɧɝɪɟ-
ɞɿɽɧɬɢɧɟɝɨɬɨɜɿɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɩɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɢʀɯɧɚɡɚɞɭɝɨɬɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɣɜɿɞɫɿɤɿɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɬɚɣɦɟɪɧɚ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ɋɫɣɦɛɟɩɬɨɛɴɠɨɣɤɯɮɨɥɱʀɾɹɛɝɭɩɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩɝɣɧɥɨɠɨɨɺɚɥɴɩɪʀɟɲɛɬɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺ
ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺɟɝɠɫɱɺɭɛɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɦɷɨʀɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɣʀɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɺɪʀɟɬɝʀɭɥɛɛɝɭɩɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɝɣ-
ɧɣɥɛɹɭɷɬɺɊʀɬɦɺɢɛɥɫɣɭɭɺɟɝɠɫɱɺɭɪɫɣɦɛɟɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɹɾɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɮɫɩɜɩɭɮɛɝɨɮɭɫʀɳ-
ɨɺɪʀɟɬɝʀɭɥɛɛɝɭɩɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɝɧɣɥɛɾɭɷɬɺɺɥɴɩɝɩɨɛɜɮɦɛɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝɝʀɧɥɨɠɨɛ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɉɿɞɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɿɫɤɥɨɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɸɬɶɫɹɛɟɪɿɬɶɫɹɬɿɥɶɤɢ
ɡɚɪɭɱɤɭɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɓɨɛɜɢɬɹɝɬɢɪɟɲɿɬɤɭɚɛɨɞɟɤɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɪɭɤɚɜɢɰɿɚɛɨɩɪɢɯɜɚɬ-
ɤɢɞɥɹɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɚɧɧɹɨɩɿɤɚɦɓɨɛɜɢɬɹɝɬɢɤɨɲɢɤɚɛɨɜɟɪɬɟɥɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɜɢɞɟɥɤɭɡ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɞɥɹɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɚɧɧɹɨɩɿɤɚɦɇɟɞɨɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɞɨɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɥɶɧɢɯɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ȼɿɞɤɪɢɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɚ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɉɿɞɱɚɫɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɧɧɹɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɡɧɶɨɝɨɬɚɤɨɠɜɢɯɨɞɹɬɶɝɚɪɹɱɟ
ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɿɩɚɪɚɇɟɧɚɛɥɢɠɚɣɬɟɪɭɤɢɿɨɛɥɢɱɱɹɞɨɝɨɬɭɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɿɞɫɿɤɭ
ȼɢɬɹɝɧɿɬɶɪɟɲɿɬɤɭɚɛɨɞɟɤɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢɪɭɤɚɜɢɰɿɚɛɨɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢ
ɇɚɫɢɩɬɟɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɭɬɚɪɿɥɤɭɉɨɞɚɣɬɟɧɚɫɬɿɥ
ɉɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɦɿɬɢɬɢ ɳɨ ɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɢɱɧɨ ɡɚɝɨ-
ɪɹɽɬɶɫɹɿɝɚɫɧɟɐɟɜɤɚɡɭɽɧɚɪɨɛɨɬɭ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɹɤɢɣ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɽɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɓɨɛɡɦɿɧɢɬɢɱɚɫɿɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɪɭɱɤɢ
ɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɋɫɣɞɩɭɩɝɛɨʀʀɨɞɫɠɟʀɾɨɭɣɪɩɝɣɨɨʀɧɛɭɣɢɩɦɩɭɣɬɭɣɤɛɨɠɲɩɫɨɣɤɛɜɩɥɩɫɣɲɨɠɝɣɤɥɩɦʀɫ
ɂɨʀɧʀɭɷɢɰɛɫɲɩɝɣɰɪɫɩɟɮɥɭʀɝɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɢɛɦɣɳɥɣɪʀɟɞɩɫʀɦɩɞɩ
ɓɨɛɞɿɫɬɚɬɢɜɟɥɢɤɿɚɛɨɤɪɢɯɤɿɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɡɤɨɲɢɤɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɤɭɥɿɧɚɪɧɿɳɿɩɰɿ
ɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜɩɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɡɪɚɡɭɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ
ɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɿɧɲɢɯɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ
ǽȜȞȎȒȖȕȝȞȖȑȜȠȡȐȎțțȭ
Ɂɚɛɚɠɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɢɧɚɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɿɣɪɨɡɿɝɪɿɜɛɟɡɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜ
Ɇɟɧɲɿɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɶɬɪɨɯɢɤɨɪɨɬɲɨɝɨɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɭɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿɡɛɿɥɶɲɢɦɢ
ɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɚɦɢ
UA
Ȼɿɥɶɲɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɽɬɪɨɯɢɞɨɜɲɨɝɨɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɚɦɟɧɲɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ±
ɤɨɪɨɬɲɨɝɨɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ⱦɥɹɨɩɬɢɦɿɡɚɰɿʀɮɿɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɭɿɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɦɿ-
ɲɚɣɬɟɦɟɧɲɿɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɧɚɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɩɪɨɰɟɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɓɨɛɫɬɪɚɜɚɜɢɣɲɥɚɯɪɭɫɬɤɨɸɡɦɨɱɿɬɶɨɥɿɽɸɫɜɿɠɭɚɛɨɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɭɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɸɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɩɨɦɿ-
ɫɬɢɬɢʀʀɧɚɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɂɚɤɭɫɤɢɳɨɝɨɬɭɸɬɶɫɹɭɩɟɱɿɦɨɠɧɚɬɚɤɨɠɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɭɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɧɿɣɮɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɿ
Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɯɪɭɫɬɤɨʀɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿɮɪɿɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨɝ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɝɨɬɨɜɭɩɚɫɬɭɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɮɚɪɲɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɯɡɚɤɭɫɨɤɰɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɿɲɜɢɞɤɨ
Ȼɿɥɶɲɬɨɝɨɭɠɟɝɨɬɨɜɚɩɚɫɬɚɝɨɬɭɽɬɶɫɹɲɜɢɞɲɟɧɿɠɩɚɫɬɚɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɚɧɚɜɞɨɦɚ
ɇɟɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɠɢɪɧɿɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɡɿɝɪɿɜɭ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ&ɧɚɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ǰȖȕțȎȥȓțȳȝȞȜȑȞȎȚȖ
ɍɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿɣɬɚɛɥɢɰɿɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɿɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢɧɚɹɜɧɿɭɩɚɧɟɥɿɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ& ɑɚɫɯɜ
ɫɦɚɠɟɧɚ ɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟ-
ɧɚɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɹ
ɫɨɥɨɞɨɳɿ
ɪɢɛɚ
ɤɭɪɱɚɧɚɜɟɪɬɟɥɿ
ɲɚɲɥɢɤ
ɱɟɪɜɨɧɟɦɹɫɨ
ɤɭɪɹɬɢɧɚ
ɪɚɤɨɩɨɞɿɛɧɿ
154
UA
Ʉɨɠɟɧɫɢɦɜɨɥɩɨɡɧɚɱɚɽɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɭ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ Ʉɨɠɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚ ɦɚɽɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɟɦ-
ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɿɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɿɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɿɬɢɩɭɯɚɪɱɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭɑɚɫɩɪɢ-
ɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɨɪɿɽɧɬɨɜɧɢɣɬɨɛɬɨɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶɬɚɤɨɠɜɿɞɬɨɜɳɢɧɢɿɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿʀɠɿɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɿɱɚɫɭɭɡɚɡɞɚɥɟɝɿɞɶɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɯɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚɯɦɨɠɧɚɬɚɤɨɠɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ
ɇʀɨɧɛɥɬ
ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷɞ
ɒɛɬɰɝ ɍɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮ-
ɫɛ&
Ȳɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɺ
Ɍɧɛɡɠɨɛɥɛɫɭɩɪɦɺʀ
ɥɛɫɭɩɪɦɺɯɫʀ
Ʉɚɪɬɨɩɥɹɦɿɥɤɨɧɚɪɿɡɚ-
ɧɚɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɚ
Ʉɚɪɬɨɩɥɹɤɪɭɩɧɨɧɚɪɿ-
ɡɚɧɚɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɚ
Ƚɪɚɬɟɧɡɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿ
ɇ·ɺɬɩʀɪɭɣɱɺ
Ȼɿɮɲɬɟɤɫ
ɋɜɢɧɹɱɿɪɟɛɟɪɰɹ
Ƚɚɦɛɭɪɝɟɪ
Ɋɭɥɟɬɢɡɤɨɜɛɚɫɤɚɦɢ
Ʉɭɪɹɱɿɫɬɟɝɧɚ
Ʉɭɪɹɱɚɝɪɭɞɤɚ
Ʉɭɪɹɬɢɧɚ
ɂɛɥɮɬɥɣ
ɋɩɪɿɧɝɪɨɥɢ ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɨ-
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɚɧɿ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ
Ɂɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɢɣɤɭɪɹɱɿ
ɧɚɝɟɬɫɢ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɨ-
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɚɧɿ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ
Ɂɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɿɪɢɛɧɿ
ɩɚɥɢɱɤɢ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɨ-
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɚɧɿ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ
Ɋɛɨʀɫɩɝɛɨʀɢɛɧɩɫɩɡɠɨʀ
ɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɣ
ɋɢɪɧɿɡɚɤɭɫɤɢ ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɨ-
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɚɧɿ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ
Ɏɚɪɲɢɪɨɜɚɧɿɨɜɨɱɿ
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ɇʀɨɧɛɥɬ
ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷɞ
ɒɛɬɰɝ ɍɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮ-
ɫɛ&
Ȳɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɺ
Ɋɫɩɟɮɥɭɣɟɦɺɪɫɣɞɩɭɮ-
ɝɛɨɨɺɮɪɠɲʀ
Ɍɨɪɬɢ ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɞɟɤɨ
ɞɥɹɩɟɱɿ
Ʉɿɲ ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɞɟɤɨ
ɞɥɹɩɟɱɿɠɚɪɨɫɬɿɣɤɭ
ɮɨɪɦɭ
Ɇɚɮɿɧ ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɞɟɤɨ
ɞɥɹɩɟɱɿ
ɋɨɥɨɞɤɿɡɚɤɭɫɤɢ ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɞɟɤɨ
ɞɥɹɩɟɱɿɠɚɪɨɫɬɿɣɤɭ
ɮɨɪɦɭ
Ƚɣɬɮɳɮɝɛɨɨɺɪɫɩɟɮɥ-
ɭʀɝ
Ɏɪɭɤɬɢɨɜɨɱɿɦ¶ɹɫɨ
ɪɢɛɚɯɥɿɛ
ɝɨɞɢɧɢ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɬɪɢ
ɪɟɲɿɬɤɢɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭ
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ȂȡțȘȤȳȭȎȐȠȜȚȎȠȖȥțȜȑȜȐȖȚȘțȓțțȭ
ɐɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɢɣɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦɄɨɥɢɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɞɨɫɹɝɚɽ³´ɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɞɚɽɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɿ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɜɢɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿʀɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞ
əɤɳɨɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɢɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɚɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɉɿɫɥɹɡɚ-
ɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɞɜɟɪɰɹɬ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɸɽ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭ ɪɨɛɨɬɭ ɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɹ ɩɿɞɫɜɿɬɤɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ
ɜɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹ
DZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǵDZǾǶǹdzǺ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɪɟɲɿɬɤɭ-ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɞɟɤɨ.ɧɚɧɚɣɧɢɠɱɢɣɪɿɜɟɧɶɝɨɬɭɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɿɞɫɿɤɭɊɢɫ
Ⱦɥɹɜɫɿɯɫɬɪɚɜɳɨɝɨɬɭɸɬɶɫɹɧɚɜɟɪɬɟɥɿɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɣɬɟɞɟɤɨ
ɧɚɧɚɣɧɢɠɱɢɣɪɿɜɟɧɶ
ɉɪɨɲɬɨɜɯɧɿɬɶɨɞɧɭɡɜɢɞɟɥɨɤɧɚɜɟɪɬɟɥ0ɞɜɨɦɚɧɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɢɤɚɦɢɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɿɡɚɤɪɭɬɿɬɶ
ʀʀɞɥɹɮɿɤɫɚɰɿʀɊɢɫɁɜɹɠɿɬɶɩɟɱɟɧɸɲɩɚɝɚɬɨɦɦɹɫɨɤɭɪɤɭɿɬɩɿɧɚɫɬɪɨɦɿɬɶʀʀɫɥɿɞ-
ɤɭɸɱɢɡɚɬɢɦɳɨɛɜɟɪɬɟɥɩɪɨɣɲɨɜɩɨɰɟɧɬɪɭɦɹɫɚɈɞɹɝɧɿɬɶɞɪɭɝɭɜɢɥɤɭɧɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ
ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭȼɿɞɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɹɤɳɨɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɩɟɪɲɭɜɢɥɤɭɳɨɛɜɿɞɰɟɧɬɪɭɜɚɬɢɩɟɱɟɧɸɧɚɜɟɪɬɟ-
ɥɿɿɡɚɮɿɤɫɭɣɬɟɨɛɢɞɜɿɜɢɥɤɢ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɤɿɧɟɰɶɜɟɪɬɟɥɭɭɨɬɜɿɪɧɚɥɿɜɿɣɩɪɢɜɿɞɧɿɣɨɩɨɪɿɊɢɫɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɩɪɨɬɢɥɟɠɧɢɣ
ɤɿɧɟɰɶɧɚɩɪɚɜɭɨɩɨɪɭɊɢɫ
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ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɭɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ³ȱɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀɡɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ´
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɨɛɟɪɬɚɧɧɹɜɟɪɬɟɥɚɚɛɨɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɬɚɤɨɠɿ
ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɹɩɿɞɫɜɿɬɤɚɓɨɛɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɢɨɛɟɪɬɚɧɧɹɭɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɨɛɟɪ-
ɬɚɧɧɹɜɟɪɬɟɥɚɚɛɨɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ2
ɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɜɢɞɟɥɤɢ1ɩɿɞɧɿɦɿɬɶɜɟɪɬɟɥɡɩɪɚɜɨʀɨɩɨɪɢɚ
ɩɨɬɿɦɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɿɧɲɢɣɤɿɧɟɰɶɡɥɿɜɨʀɦɨɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨʀɨɩɨɪɢɊɢɫ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǵǮDzǼǽǼǺǼDZǼȌǸǼȆǶǸǮ
ɓɨɛɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɢɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɚɤɨɲɢɤɚɩɿɞɧɿɦɿɬɶɝɚɱɨɤɜɝɨɪɭɊɢɫ
ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ
Ɂɚɤɪɢɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɚɤɨɲɢɤɚ
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɿɯ ɫɬɪɚɜ ɳɨ ɝɨɬɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɧɢɦ ɫɦɚɠɟɧɧɹɦ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɣɬɟɞɟɤɨɧɚɧɚɣɧɢɠɱɢɣɪɿɜɟɧɶ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɚɞɿɧɧɹʀɠɿɭɝɨɬɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɣɜɿɞɫɿɤɉɿɞɱɚɫɨɛɟɪɬɚɧɧɹʀɠɚɳɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ
ɤɨɲɢɤɚɦɨɠɟɜɩɚɫɬɢɉɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟɡɚɤɪɢɬɬɹɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɤɨɲɢɤɚ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɪɟɲɿɬɤɭ-ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɞɟɤɨ.ɧɚɧɚɣɧɢɠɱɢɣɪɿɜɟɧɶɝɨɬɭɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɿɞɫɿɤɭɊɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɤɿɧɟɰɶɨɫɿɤɨɲɢɤɚɭɨɬɜɿɪɧɚɥɿɜɿɣɩɪɢɜɿɞɧɿɣɨɩɨɪɿɊɢɫɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɩɪɨɬɢɥɟɠ-
ɧɢɣɤɿɧɟɰɶɧɚɩɪɚɜɭɨɩɨɪɭ
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɭɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ³ȱɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀɡɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ´
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɨɛɟɪɬɚɧɧɹɜɟɪɬɟɥɚɚɛɨɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɬɚɤɨɠɿ
ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɹɩɿɞɫɜɿɬɤɚɓɨɛɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɢɨɛɟɪɬɚɧɧɹɭɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɨɛɟɪ-
ɬɚɧɧɹɜɟɪɬɟɥɚɚɛɨɤɨɪɡɢɧɢ2
ɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɜɢɞɟɥɤɢ1ɩɿɞɧɿɦɿɬɶɤɨɲɢɤɡɩɪɚɜɨʀɨɩɨɪɢɚ
ɩɨɬɿɦɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɿɧɲɢɣɤɿɧɟɰɶɡɥɿɜɨʀɦɨɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨʀɨɩɨɪɢɊɢɫ
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ȅǶǿȀǸǮǥȀdzȃǻǥȅǻdzǼǯǿǹȁDZǼǰȁǰǮǻǻȍ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɡɚɜɠɞɢɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȼɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɤɨɥɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɯɨɥɨɞɧɢɣ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɫɬɪɭɦɨɦɇɟɡɚɧɭɪɸɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿ
ɪɿɞɢɧɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯɡɛɢɬɤɿɜ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɣɬɟɫɬɚɧɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɞ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɜɚɲɨɝɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ɹɤɳɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɢɣɞɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɭ ɧɚɣ-
ɛɥɢɠɱɢɣɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣɰɟɧɬɪɞɥɹɡɚɦɿɧɢɤɚɛɟɥɸɹɤɭɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɿɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɢɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȝȞȖșȎȒȡ
ɉɟɪɟɞɤɨɠɧɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɨɱɢɳɚɣɬɟɩɿɱɜɿɞɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɯɡɚɥɢɲɤɿɜʀɠɿɿɤɪɢɯɬ
ȼɢɬɪɿɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɜɨɥɨɝɨɸɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɚɩɨɬɿɦɫɭɯɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸ
Ⱦɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨʀɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɭɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɭɡɦɨɱɟɧɭɝɚ-
ɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸȼɢɬɪɿɬɶɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɞɨɫɭɯɚ
Ⱦɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɥɶɧɢɯɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɫɭɯɭɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɭɳɨɛɭɫɭɧɭɬɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɢʀɠɿ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯɡɛɢɬɤɿɜɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɧɚɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɯɤɢɫɥɿɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢ
Ʉɢɫɥɿɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɥɢɦɨɧɧɢɣɫɿɤɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɨɜɚɧɿɩɨɦɿɞɨɪɢɨɰɟɬɿɬɩɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ
ɬɪɢɜɚɥɨɝɨɜɩɥɢɜɭɩɫɭɸɬɶɮɚɪɛɭɦɚɬɭɸɱɢʀʀ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɿ ɦɢɸɱɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ ɚɛɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɿ ɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɢ
ɳɨɛɧɟɩɨɲɤɪɹɛɚɬɢɚɛɨɧɟɩɨɲɤɨɞɢɬɢɩɨɤɪɢɬɬɹ
Ⱦɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɨɧɶɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɡɚɫɨɛɢɹɤɿɤɨɪɨɞɭ-
ɸɬɶɚɥɸɦɿɧɿɣɦɢɸɱɿɡɚɫɨɛɢɜɚɟɪɨɡɨɥɶɧɢɯɮɥɚɤɨɧɚɯɬɚɬɟɪɬɢɫɬɿɧɤɢɝɨɫɬɪɢɦɢɚɛɨ
ɝɨɫɬɪɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɢɦɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɦɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿ
ɉɿɫɥɹɤɨɠɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɤɨɥɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɜɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɜɨɥɨɝɨɸɝɭɛ-
ɤɨɸɡɦɨɱɟɧɨɸɦɢɥɶɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸ
ȼɢɬɪɿɬɶɡɡɨɜɧɿɜɨɥɨɝɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȘȜȚȝȜțȓțȠȳȐ
Ɋɟɲɿɬɤɢɞɟɤɨɤɨɲɢɤɿɜɟɪɬɟɥɦɨɠɧɚɦɢɬɢɭɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿɍɹɤɨɫɬɿɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɦɢɸɱɢɣɡɚɫɿɛɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɭɿɦɹɤɭɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɭɝɭɛɤɭ
ɓɨɛɪɨɡɦɹɤɲɢɬɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɢʀɠɿɧɚɤɨɲɢɤɭɦɨɠɧɚɧɚɩɨɜɧɢɬɢɽɦɤɿɫɬɶɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸ
Ⱦɨɞɚɣɬɟ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɦɢɸɱɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɤɨɲɢɤɿɡɚɥɢɲɬɟɧɚɯɜɢɥɢɧɳɨɛɩɨɞɿɹɜɡɚɫɿɛɉɨɦɢɣɬɟ
ɿɜɢɫɭɲɿɬɶ
Ⱦɜɟɪɰɹɬɚɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɦɨɠɧɚɡɧɹɬɢɞɥɹɦɢɬɬɹɭɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿ
ȼɿɞɤɪɢɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɚ
ɉɟɪɟɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɤɭɪɫɨɪ+ɜɥɿɜɨɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɚɡɥɿɜɨʀɨɩɨɪɢɊɢɫ
158
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ɉɨɬɹɝɧɿɬɶɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɚɜɩɪɚɜɨɳɨɛɡɧɚɬɢʀɯɡɩɪɚɜɨʀɨɩɨɪɢ
ȼɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɞɿʀɭɡɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɦɭɩɨɪɹɞɤɭɳɨɛɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɚ
ǽǥDzǸǮǵǸǶDzǹȍǰǶǾǥȆdzǻǻȍDzdzȍǸǶȃǽǾǼǯǹdzǺ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ Ƀɦɨɜɿɪɧɿɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ȼɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɩɪɚɰɸɽ ȼɢɥɤɚɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɜɟɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨ-
ɡɟɬɤɭɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɭɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ
ɇɟɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɛɚɠɚɧɢɣɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨ-
ɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ⱦɜɟɪɰɹɬɚɡɚɤɪɢɬɿɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨ Ⱦɨɛɪɟɡɚɤɪɢɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɹɬɚ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ȱɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɧɟɝɨɬɨɜɿ ɇɚɞɦɿɪɧɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɿɧɝɪɟɞɿ-
ɽɧɬɿɜ ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɦɟɧɲɟɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜ
Ɇɟɧɲɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɝɨɬɭɽɬɶɫɹ
ɛɿɥɶɲɨɞɧɨɪɿɞɧɨ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɧɢɡɶɤɚ ɉɿɞɜɢɳɿɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɩɪɢɝɨ-
ɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɪɟɝɭ-
ɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ Ɂɛɿɥɶɲɿɬɶ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ
ȱɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɥɢ-
ɫɹɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɿɞɧɨ Ⱦɟɹɤɿɬɢɩɢɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜɧɟɨɛ-
ɯɿɞɧɨɩɟɪɟɦɿɲɭɜɚɬɢɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚ
ɪɚɡɿɜɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ȱɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɳɨɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ
ɡɜɟɪɯɭɚɛɨɹɤɿɩɨɤɪɢɬɿɿɧɲɢɦɢ
ɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɚɦɢɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɟɸ
ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɩɟɪɟɦɿɲɭɜɚɬɢɩɿɞ
ɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɋɦɚɠɟɧɿɡɚɤɭɫɤɢɧɟ
ɯɪɭɫɬɤɿ ȼɢɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɟɬɢɩɢɡɚ-
ɤɭɫɨɤɹɤɿɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɿɣɧɢɦɢɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɡɚɤɭɫɤɢɹɤɿ
ɝɨɬɭɸɬɶɫɹɭɩɟɱɿɚɛɨɡɦɚ-
ɳɭɣɬɟɡɚɤɭɫɤɢɨɥɿɽɸɩɟɪɲ
ɧɿɠɩɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɢʀɯɭɝɨɬɭɜɚɥɶɧɿɣ
ɜɿɞɫɿɤ
159
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ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ Ƀɦɨɜɿɪɧɿɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ȼɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ
Ɂɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɛɿɥɢɣ
ɞɢɦ ȼɢɝɨɬɭɽɬɟɛɿɥɶɲɠɢɪɧɿ
ɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢ ɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɛɿɥɶɲ
ɠɢɪɧɢɯɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜɭɞɟɤɨ
ɩɨɬɪɚɩɥɹɽɛɿɥɶɲɟɨɥɿʀɉɿɞ
ɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɨɥɿɹɜɢɞɿɥɹɽ
ɛɿɥɶɲɟɛɿɥɨɝɨɞɢɦɭɧɿɠɡɚɡɜɢ-
ɱɚɣɐɟɧɟɦɚɽɠɨɞɧɨɝɨɜɩɥɢɜɭ
ɧɚɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜ
ɚɛɨɧɚɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɍɱɚɲɿɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹɡɚɥɢɲɤɢ
ɠɢɪɭɜɿɞɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɿɯɩɪɢɝɨ-
ɬɭɜɚɧɶ
Ȼɿɥɢɣɞɢɦɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɦɠɢɪɭɚɛɨɨɥɿʀ
ɹɤɿɩɨɬɪɚɩɢɥɢɧɚɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɥɶɧɿ
ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɊɟɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶ
ɝɨɬɭɜɚɥɶɧɿɣɜɿɞɫɿɤɩɿɫɥɹɜɢɤɨ-
ɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹȼɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ
ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɤɨɥɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɢɣ
ɋɜɿɠɚɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɹɩɨɪɿɡɚɧɚ
ɫɨɥɨɦɤɨɸɫɦɚɠɢɬɶɫɹ
ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɿɞɧɨ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɬɢɩ
ɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɣɞɥɹ
ɫɦɚɠɟɧɧɹ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɫɜɿɠɭɤɚɪɬɨ-
ɩɥɸɿɧɟɡɚɛɭɜɚɣɬɟɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɬɚ-
ɬɢʀʀɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɋɩɨɥɿɫɤɭɣɬɟɿɩɪɨɫɭɲɭɣɬɟ
ɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɸɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɫɦɚɠɢɬɢ
ʀʀ
ɋɩɨɥɿɫɤɭɣɬɟɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɸɿ
ɜɢɞɚɥɹɣɬɟɭɜɟɫɶɤɪɨɯɦɚɥɶ
ɹɤɢɣɡɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿ
ɋɜɿɠɚɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɹɩɨɪɿɡɚɧɚ
ɫɨɥɨɦɤɨɸɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɯɪɭɫɬɤɨɸɩɿɫɥɹɫɦɚɠɟɧɧɹ
ɭɮɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɿ
ɏɪɭɫɬɤɿɫɬɶɫɦɚɠɟɧɨʀ
ɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶɜɿɞ
ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿɜɨɞɢɳɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹ
ɜɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿɿɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿɨɥɿʀ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɨʀɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɜɨɞɚɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿɞɨɛɪɟɜɢɫɭ-
ɲɟɧɚɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɞɨɞɚɜɚɬɢɨɥɿɸ
Ⱦɥɹɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɛɿɥɶɲɨʀ
ɯɪɭɫɬɤɨɫɬɿɪɿɠɬɟɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɸɧɚ
ɫɨɥɨɦɤɭɦɟɧɲɨɝɨɪɨɡɦɿɪɭ
Ⱦɨɞɚɣɬɟɬɪɿɲɤɢɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀɨɥɿʀ
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