Ariete 5578 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for 5578 by Ariete which is a product in the Steam Ironing Stations category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
COD. 2065101300 REV. 0 del 13/07/2015
MOD. 5578
827070
De’ Longhi Appliances Srl
Divisione Commerciale Ariete
Via San Quirico, 300
50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI) - Italy
E-Mail: info@ariete.net
Internet: www.ariete.net
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10
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WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL
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SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLIANCE
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
WARNING – material damage
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DESCRIPTION DE L’APPAREIL
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ATTENTION - dégâts matériels
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AVERTISSEMENTS - danger de brûlure
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Nettoyage du fer
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Gefahr - Stromschlaggefahr
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27
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Schadensgefahr wegen anderer Ursachen
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Warnung - Verbrennungsgefahr
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28
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ACHTUNG - Sachschäden
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29
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Auffüllen des Wassertankes v or dem Gebrauch
GEFAHR - Stromsc hlaggefahr
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ACHTUNG - Sachschäden
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Einschalten des Gerätes und erster Gebrauch
9RUGHP(LQVFKDOWHQGHV%JHOHLVHQVVLFKHUVWHOOHQGDVVDXVUHLFKHQG:DVVHULP7DQNLVW'DV$QVFKOXVVND-
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ACHTUNG - Sachschäden
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Dampfbügeln
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Auffüllen des Wassertanks während des Gebrauchs
hEHUSUIHQ6LHVWlQGLJGDV:DVVHUQLYHDXLP7DQNZlKUHQGGHV%JHOQV
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30
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GEFAHR - Stromschlaggefahr
%HYRU6LHGHQ7DQNPLW:DVVHUDXIIOOHQGDV*HUlWDXVVFKDOWHQXQGGHQ6WHFNHUGHV9HUVRUJXQJV-
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ACHTUNG - Sachschäden
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SENKRECHT BÜGELN
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WARNUNG - Verbrennungsgefahr
.HLQH*HZHEHEJHOQGLHYRQDQGHUHQ3HUVRQHQJHKDOWHQZHUGHQ
TEMPERATURAUSWAHL UND GEBRAUCHSEMPFEHLUNGEN
Temperaturauswahl
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31
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Reinigung der Bügelsohle
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gilbungen aufweisen.
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A PROPÓSITO DE ESTE MANUAL
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ADVERTENCIA - ¡Peligro de quemaduras!
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ADVERTENCIAS IMPORTANTES PARA LA SEGURIDAD
LEER ATENTAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES.
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34
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Peligro para los niños
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Peligro - electrocución
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Peligro de daños debidos a otras causas
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36
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ATENCIÓN – daños materiales
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Llenado del depósito antes del uso
PELIGRO - electrocución
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NUNCA llenar el depósito de agua por encima del nivel MAX.
No utilice nunca agua desmineralizada pura con el cartucho antical puesto.
ATENCIÓN – daños materiales
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Puesta en función del aparato y primera utilización
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Durante la primera puesta en funcionamiento es posible que la plancha emane un poco de humo: se
trata de un fenómeno perfectamente normal que desaparecerá después de poquísimo tiempo. En oca-
sión de la primera puesta en función de la plancha, probarla en un trapo viejo para eliminar eventuales
residuos de elaboración.
ATENCIÓN – daños materiales
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Llenado del depósito durante el uso
Controle siempre el nivel de agua en el depósito durante el planchado.
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38
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PELIGRO - electrocución
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ATENCIÓN – daños materiales
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45
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Enchimento do reservatório antes do uso
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Não encher JAMAIS o depósito além do nível MAX.
Nunca utilizar água desmineralizada pura quando o cartucho anti-calcário estiver inserido.
ATENÇÃO - danos materiais
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Ligar o aparelho e utilizar pela primeira vez
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ção de fumaça: trata-se de um fenómeno perfeitamente normal que desaparecerá após pouquíssimo
tempo. Ao utilizar o ferro pela primeira vez, fazer uma prova sobre um velho tecido para eliminar
possíveis resíduos de fabricação.
ATENÇÃO - danos materiais
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JXQVVHJXQGRVJHUDQGRXPUXtGRQRUPDOGHIXQFLRQDPHQWRYLEUDomR/RJRDSyVDYLEUDomRSRGHUiRFRUUHU
XPDGLPLQXLomRGDHPLVVmRGHYDSRU7DOIDWRpSHUIHLWDPHQWHQRUPDOHDSyVDOJXQVVHJXQGRVDDOLPHQWDomR
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Passar à ferro com vapor
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46
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Enchimento do reservatório durante o uso
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PERIGO - choque elétrico
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ATENÇÃO - danos materiais
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PASSAR A SECO
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ATENÇÃO - danos materiais
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PASSAR NA VERTICAL
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Seleção da temperatura
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47
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LIMPEZA E MANUTENÇÃO
ADVERTÊNCIA - perigo de queimaduras
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PERIGO - choque elétrico
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ATENÇÃO - danos materiais
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Limpeza da chapa
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48
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ATENÇÃO - danos materiais
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Limpeza do depósito
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ATENÇÃO - danos materiais
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Limpeza do ferro
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NOTA: é normal que, depois de um certo período de uso com altas temperaturas, as partes plásticas
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49
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OVER DEZE HANDLEIDING
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WAARSCHUWING - Gevaar voor brandwonden!
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LEES DEZE INSTRUCTIES AANDACHTIG DOOR.
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Gevaar voor kinderen
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Risico op schade door andere oorzaken
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Waarschuwing - gevaar voor brandwonden
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Let op – schade aan materialen
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52
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BEWAAR DEZE INSTRUCTIES ALTIJD.
BESCHRIJVING VAN HET APPARAAT
$ 9HUZLMGHUEDDUZDWHUUHVHUYRLU , 9HUELQGLQJVNDEHOVWULMNLM]HUDSSDUDDW
% $QWLNDONSDWURRQ - +DQGJUHHSYRRUYHUYRHUDSSDUDDW
& 6WULMNLM]HUVWHXQ . 2QWJUHQGHONQRSSHQKDQGJUHHS
D - zool / 6WURRPVQRHUHQVWHNNHU
( 0DUNHULQJYRRUGHWHPSHUDWXXULQVWHOOLQJ 0.DEHORSVODJ
) 7KHUPRVWDDWNQRS 1 9HUJUHQGHONQRSUHVHUYRLU
*6WRRPNQRS 2 'HEORNNHHUKHQGHOUHVHUYRLU
+ &RQWUROHODPSMHWHPSHUDWXXUVWULMNLM]HU
GEBRUIKSAANWIJZING
LET OP – SCHADE AAN MATERIALEN
9HUZLMGHUDOYRUHQVKHWDSSDUDDWYRRUGHHHUVWHNHHUWHJHEUXLNHQHYHQWXHOHHWLNHWWHQRIEHVFKHU-
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53
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VWHQYHUNULMJEDDU
Het vullen van het reservoir vóór gebruik
GEVAAR - elektrische schok
&RQWUROHHURIGHVWHNNHUYDQKHWDSSDUDDWXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFWLVJHWURNNHQDOYRUHQVKHWUHVHUYRLUPHW
ZDWHUWHYXOOHQ
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QLYHDX)LJ%UHQJKHWDQWLNDONSDWURRQZHHUDDQ)LJ
Zorg dat het MAX-niveau NOOIT wordt overschreden.
*HEUXLNQRRLWSXXUJHGHPLQHUDOLVHHUGZDWHUPHWDDQJHEUDFKWDQWLNDONSDWURRQ
LET OP – schade aan materialen
9RHJJHHQDGGLWLHYHQRIFKHPLVFKHVWRIIHQWRH]RDOVELMYRRUEHHOGVWLMIVHOVDSSUHWHHUPLGGHOHQSDUIXP
HGDQGHUVNRPWGHJDUDQWLHRQPLGGHOOLMNWHYHUYDOOHQ
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Het apparaat inschakelen en het eerste gebruik
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LET OP – schade aan materialen
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+HWVWULMNLM]HUZRUGWQXDXWRPDWLVFKPHWHHQSRPSJHYRHGGLHELMLHGHUHYXOOLQJHQNHOHVHFRQGHQZRUGWJHDF-
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VWRRPZRUGWDIJHJHYHQ'LWLVYROVWUHNWQRUPDDOHQQDHHQDDQWDOVHFRQGHQLVGHVWRRPDIJLIWHZHHUQRUPDDO
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UHQHQXYDQHYHQWXHOHFRQGHQVWHRQWGRHQ
Stoomstrijken
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GLQJVWXNWHULFKWHQHHUVWWZHHRIGULHNHHUVWRRPXLWULFKWHQLQGHULFKWLQJYDQGHJURQGRPGHVWRRPVWRRWWH
VWDELOLVHUHQ:DQQHHUXGHVWRRPNQRS*WRWVHFRQGHQLQGUXNWZRUGWHHQVWHUNHVWRRPVWRRWDIJHJHYHQ
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*GXVQLHWWHODQJDFKWHUHONDDULQ
Reservoir vullen tijdens gebruik
&RQWUROHHUDOWLMGKHWZDWHUQLYHDXLQKHWUHVHUYRLUWLMGHQVKHWVWULMNHQ
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54
NL
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QDWXXUOLMNZDWHU)LJ
GEVAAR - elektrische schok
6FKDNHOKHWDSSDUDDWDOWLMGXLWHQKDDOGHVWHNNHUYDQGHVWURRPNDEHOXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFWYRRUGDWXKHW
ZDWHUUHVHUYRLUPHWZDWHUYXOW9XOKHWUHVHUYRLUWRWKHWPHW0$;DDQJHGXLGHQLYHDX
LET OP – schade aan materialen
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DROOGSTRIJKEN
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GHURSGHVWRRPNQRS*WHGUXNNHQQDKHWDSSDUDDWRSKHWHOHNWULFLWHLWVQHWWHKHEEHQDDQJHVORWHQ
LET OP – SCHADE AAN MATERIALEN
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SRPSEHVFKDGLJGNXQQHQUDNHQ
STRIJKEN IN VERTIKALE POSITIE
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XYRXZHQXLWJRUGLMQHQVWRIIHQHWFYHUZLMGHUHQ
6WHOGHVWULMNWHPSHUDWXXUPHWGHUHJHONQRS)LQYRRUELMKHW
V\PERRO=HWKHWWHVWULMNHQJRUGLMQRIGHVWRIYHUWLFDDOHQGUXNRSGHVWRRPNQRS
WAARSCHUWING - gevaar voor brandwonden
6WULMNJHHQVWRIIHQGLHRPKRRIZRUGHQJHKRXGHQGRRUDQGHUHSHUVRQHQ
TEMPERATUURKEUZE EN GEBRUIKTSTIPS
Het selecteren van de temperatuur
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HQFRQIURQWHHUKHWV\PERRORSGLWHWLNHWPHWGHRQGHUVWDDQGHWDEHO0RFKWHUJHHQHWLNHWPHWVWULMNLQVWUXFWLHV
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RRNRSHHQODJHUHWHPSHUDWXXUZRUGHQJHVWUHNHQ
:DQQHHUXYDQWHPSHUDWXXUYHUDQGHUWGRRUDDQGHWKHUPRVWDDWNQRS)WHGUDDLHQJDDWKHWFRQWUROHODPSMH
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9HUGHHOGH WHVWULMNHQNOHGLQJVWXNNHQ HQ VWRIIHQRSEDVLVYDQKHW W\SHZHHIVHOZROPHW ZRONDWRHQPHW
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VRRUWHQYH]HOVGHWHPSHUDWXXUDOWLMGLQVWHOOHQRSGHYH]HOVGLHPLQGHUZDUPWHYHUHLVHQ%LMYRRUEHHOGDOVKHW
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55
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(WLNHWVWULMNLQVWUXFWLHV
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Viscose
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EHZHJLQJZRUGHQJHKRXGHQRSGHWHVWULMNHQVWRI
NA TE HEBBEN GESTREKEN
=HWGHNQRSYRRUGHWHPSHUDWXXUUHJHOLQJ)RS³0,1´7UHNGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW
/DDWKHWVWULMNLM]HUDINRHOHQRSKHWVSHFLDOHVWHXQURRVWHUHQ]RUJHUGDDUELMYRRUGDWGHVQRHUHQQLHW
WHJHQGHKHWHGHOHQYDQKHWDSSDUDDWNRPHQ+HWDSSDUDDWKHHIWHHQVQRHURSVODJRQGHUDDQ
*LHWKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUKHOHPDDOOHHJ]RUJGDWHUJHHQZDWHULQEOLMIWVWDDQKLHUGRRUZRUGWKHWRQWVWDDQYDQ
NDONDDQVODJEHYRUGHUG)LJ =HWKHW DSSDUDDW ZHJRS HHQVWDELHOH RQGHUJURQGHQEXLWHQ EHUHLNYDQ
NLQGHUHQ
REINIGING EN ONDERHOUD
WAARSCHUWING - gevaar voor brandwonden
$OYRUHQVRYHUWHJDDQWRWGHUHLQLJLQJYDQKHWDSSDUDDWDOWLMGHHUVWGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFWWUHN-
NHQHQKHWVWULMNLM]HUODWHQDINRHOHQRSKHWGDDUYRRUEHVWHPGHURRVWHU
GEVAAR - elektrische schok
'RPSHOKHWDSSDUDDWQRRLWRQGHULQZDWHURIDQGHUHYORHLVWRIIHQ
LET OP – schade aan materialen
&RQWUROHHUUHJHOPDWLJRIKHWVWURRPVQRHUYDQXZVWULMNLM]HULQJRHGHVWDDWYHUNHHUWDOYRUHQVKHPWH
JHEUXLNHQHQEUHQJKHPDOVKHWVQRHUEHVFKDGLJGLVQDDUKHWGLFKWVWELM]LMQGHVHUYLFHFHQWUXPRP
KHPXLWVOXLWHQGGRRUJHVSHFLDOLVHHUGSHUVRQHHOWHODWHQYHUYDQJHQ
Reiniging van de zool
(YHQWXHOHDDQVODJHQDQGHUHUHVWHQRSGH]RRONXQQHQZRUGHQYHUZLMGHUGPHWHHQLQZDWHUPHWD]LMQJH-
56
NL
GUHQNWHODS'URRJGH]RRODOWLMGDIPHWHHQGURJHODS
LET OP – schade aan materialen
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PHWPHWDOHQYRRUZHUSHQ
Het reservoir reinigen
0DDNDIHQWRHKHWUHVHUYRLUVFKRRQGRRUHUYHUVZDWHULQWHJLHWHQ6SRHOHQHQOHHJJRRLHQ)LJ
LET OP – schade aan materialen
'RHJHHQD]LMQRQWNDONHUVRIDQGHUHDGGLWLHYHQLQKHWUHVHUYRLUDQGHUVNRPWGHJDUDQWLHRQPLGGHOOLMN
WHYHUYDOOHQ
Reiniging van het strijkijzer
5HLQLJGHNXQVWVWRIGHOHQPHWHHQYRFKWLJHQLHWVFKXUHQGHODSHQGURRJ]HPHWHHQGURJHODS
OPMERKINGENKHWLVKHHOQRUPDDOGDW GHZLWWHSODVWLF GHOHQ YDQKHWVWULMNLM]HU QDHHQEHSDDOGH
JHEUXLNVSHULRGHGRRUGHKRJHWHPSHUDWXUHQNOHLQHNOHXUYHUDQGHULQJHQRQGHUJDDQHQRIJHHOZRUGHQ
57
EL
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IJȠıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȪİıIJİıIJȠȝȑȜȜȠȞǹȞʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮįȫıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİțȐʌȠȚȠȐȜȜȠȐIJȠȝȠșȣȝȘșİȓIJİȞĮIJȠȣ
ʌĮȡĮįȫıİIJİȝĮȗȓțĮȚIJȠʌĮȡȩȞİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ
ȅȚʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢʌȠȣĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠıȣȞȠįİȪȠȞIJĮȚĮʌȩIJĮʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıȪȝȕȠȜĮțĮȚȜȑȟİȚȢ
ʌȠȣıȘȝĮȓȞȠȣȞ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȖȚĮıȦȝĮIJȚțȑȢȕȜȐȕİȢ
ƬƫƯƦƶƯƱƴ
ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚİȓIJȠȤȡȒıIJȘȖȚĮʌȚșĮȞȑȢıȠȕĮȡȑȢıȦȝĮIJȚțȑȢȕȜȐȕİȢ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
ƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƩ
ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚİȓIJȠȤȡȒıIJȘȖȚĮʌȚșĮȞȑȢıȦȝĮIJȚțȑȢȕȜȐȕİȢțĮȚ
ıȠȕĮȡȑȢȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ
ƲƳƱƴƱƸƩ
ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚİȓIJȠȤȡȒıIJȘȖȚĮʌȚșĮȞȑȢİȜĮijȡȚȑȢıȦȝĮIJȚțȑȢȕȜȐȕİȢ
ȊȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ƲƳƱƤƭƧƲƱƮƧƯƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȞĮıȚįİȡȫıİIJİȝİȒȤȦȡȓȢĮIJȝȩĮțȩȝĮțĮȚıIJĮȩȡșȚĮȠʌȠȚȠȞ-
įȒʌȠIJİIJȪʌȠȡȠȪȤȠȣțȠȣȡIJȓȞİȢțĮȚȣijȐıȝĮIJĮĮțȠȜȠȣșȫȞIJĮȢIJȚȢȣʌȠįİȓȟİȚȢʌȠȣĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚıIJȚȢİIJȚțȑIJİȢ
IJȠȣȢȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮıȚįİȡȫȞİIJİıİȝȚĮıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮʌȠȣȤȡȘıȚȝİȪİȚțĮȚȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȜȫȞİIJİIJĮȣijȐıȝĮIJĮ
țĮȚȖȚĮȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİIJȠıȓįİȡȠȩIJĮȞĮȜȜȐȗİIJİȡȠȪȤȠ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȣIJȒİȓȞĮȚıȤİįȚĮıȝȑȞȘȝȠȞȐȤĮȖȚĮȠȚțȚĮțȒȤȡȒıȘțĮȚțĮIJȐıȣȞȑʌİȚĮșİȦȡİȓIJĮȚĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘ
ȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȒȤȡȒıȘ
ȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠȞțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠʌȠȣıȣȞİʌȫȢĮʌĮȜȜȐııİIJĮȚĮʌȩ
ȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȗȘȝȚȑȢțȐșİijȪıȘȢʌȠȣȠijİȓȜȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢ
ǾĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘȑȤİȚıĮȞıȣȞȑʌİȚĮIJȘȞĮțȪȡȦıȘȠʌȠȚĮıįȒʌȠIJİȝȠȡijȒȢİȖȖȪȘıȘȢ
ƶƲƱƭƧƫƮƮƣƵƫƬƱƫƬƫƯƦƶƯƱƫ
ƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƩ²ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ȉĮțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȐȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȐIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣʌİȡȚȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞȑȞIJȣʌȠįİȞįȓȞȠȣȞ
IJȘȞįȣȞĮIJȩIJȘIJĮʌȡȠıIJĮıȓĮȢIJȠȣȤȡȒıIJȘĮʌȩİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘİʌĮijȒȝİIJȘȞțĮȣIJȒʌȜȐțĮIJȠȣıȓįİȡȠȣ
ȠȪIJİțĮIJȐIJȘȞįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȘȢʌȡȠȕȜİʌȩȝİȞȘȢȤȡȒıȘȢȠȪIJİȝİIJȐIJȠıȕȒıȚȝȠIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȝȑȤȡȚȞĮ
țȡȣȫıİȚǼʌȚʌȜȑȠȞıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮįȫıİIJİȚįȚĮȓIJİȡȘʌȡȠıȠȤȒțĮIJȐIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪȫıIJİȞĮ
ȝȘȞʌȐİȚʌȐȞȦıIJȠıȫȝĮıĮȢȒʌȐȞȦıİțĮIJȠȚțȓįȚĮȗȫĮ
ƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƩƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓDŽNJǂǔǚǍǂǕNJNjƾǓǃnjƽǃdžǓ
ǹijȠȪıȕȒıİIJİIJȠıȓįİȡȠțĮȚȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮĮijȒıIJİIJȠȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚıİȝȚĮıIJĮșİȡȒ
İʌȚijȐȞİȚĮțĮȚțȣȡȓȦȢȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐ
ƴƩƮƣƯƵƫƬƧƴƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƫƴ
ǼȀǺǻǺȉȊǽȇȈȆȉǽȁȊȀȁǺȊȀȉȇǺȈǺȁǺȊȎȆǼǿĬȀǽȉ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȣIJȒİȓȞĮȚıȤİįȚĮıȝȑȞȘȝȠȞȐȤĮȖȚĮȠȚțȚĮțȒȤȡȒıȘțĮȚțĮIJȐıȣȞȑ-
ʌİȚĮșİȦȡİȓIJĮȚĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȒȤȡȒıȘ
58
EL
ǻİȞĮȞĮȜĮȝȕȐȞȠȣȝİțĮȝȓĮİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȜĮȞșĮıȝȑȞȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȒȖȚĮ
țȐʌȠȚĮȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘʌȠȣįİȞĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮijȣȜȐııİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢIJȠȣİȡȖȠıIJĮıȓȠȣįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣ
ȩIJȚįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚįȦȡİȐȞIJİȤȞȚțȒȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȖȚĮIJȚȢȗȘȝȚȑȢʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘ-
țĮȞĮʌȩĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒĮʌȩȑȞĮ
İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓDŽNJǂǕǂǍNJNjǒƽǑǂNJDžNJƽ
•
ǾȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐʌȐȞȦĮʌȩİIJȫȞȝȠȞȐȤĮĮȞİʌȚ-
IJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞİȞȒȜȚțĮȒĮȞȑȤȠȣȞİțʌĮȚįİȣIJİȓțĮȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚIJȚȢ
ȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮȡȝȠįȚȩIJȘIJĮ
IJȠȣȤȡȒıIJȘįİȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌȠȞIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞİʌȓȕȜİȥȘ
İȞȩȢİȞȒȜȚțĮȂȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİıIJĮʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİıİʌĮȚįȚȐȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮĮʌȩȤȡȠȞȫȞȞĮʌȜȘıȚȐȗȠȣȞIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
țĮȚIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȖțĮIJĮȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘįȚȐșİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚ-
įȚȫȞįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJİȪıİIJİțȩȕȠȞIJĮȢ
IJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣȞĮIJĮȝȑȡȘ
IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȖȚĮȝȚțȡȐ
ʌĮȚįȚȐʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ǾȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJĮȚıİȐIJȠȝĮȝİİȚįȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȒȐIJȠȝĮȝİİȜȜȚ-
ʌİȓȢȖȞȫıİȚȢțĮȚĮȞİʌĮȡțȒʌİȓȡĮȝȠȞȐȤĮĮȞİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȣʌİȪșȣȞȠ
ȒĮȞȑȤȠȣȞİțʌĮȚįİȣIJİȓțĮȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣ
ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȃĮıȕȒȞİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİ-
IJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩ
ǾȤȡȒıȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȫȞȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗȦȞȝȘİȟȠȣįȚȠIJȘȝȑȞȦȞĮʌȩIJȠİȡȖȠıIJȐıȚȠȝʌȠ-
ȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚȗȘȝȚȑȢȒĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮ
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİʌȑȝȕĮıȘțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪ
ȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢ
ȆȡȚȞȕȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘʌȠȣĮȞĮ-
ijȑȡİIJĮȚ ıIJȘȞ ʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ IJİȤȞȚțȫȞ ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȫȞ IJȘȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢ ĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓ
ıIJȘȞIJȐıȘIJȠȣįȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢ
ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȐȞIJĮȝȚĮȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘʌȡȓȗĮ
• ȂǾȃǺȊĬǿǽǼȉǼȉǾȈȊȈȀǼȊǾȈǼȃǼȇȅǾǹȁȁǹȊīȇǹ
ȂȘȞĮȡȤȓıİIJİȞĮıȚįİȡȫȞİIJİȝİȕȡİȖȝȑȞĮȤȑȡȚĮȒȟȣʌȩȜȘIJȠȚ
59
EL
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLJLjǍNJƽǓǂǑǝDžNJƽǗǐǒdžǓƽnjnjdžǓǂNJǕǀdžǓ
•ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȩIJĮȞĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİıIJİĮʌȩIJȠȤȫȡȠʌȠȣ
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐİȚıİȑȞĮȠȡȚȗȩȞIJȚȠİʌȓʌİįȠȩIJĮȞIJȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠ-
ʌȠȚİȓIJİ
ǵIJĮȞįİȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȠıȓįİȡȠʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȠĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐıIJȘ
ıȤȐȡĮǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚıIJĮșİȡȒȘİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮʌȐȞȦıIJȘȞȠʌȠȓĮİȓȞĮȚIJȠ-
ʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȘȘıȤȐȡĮ
ǼʌȚȜȑȟIJİȑȞĮȤȫȡȠȝİİʌĮȡțȒijȦIJȚıȝȩțĮȚĮİȡȚıȝȩțĮȚȝİȝȚĮʌȡȓȗĮİȪțȠȜĮ
ʌȡȠıʌİȜȐıȚȝȘ
ȃĮĮȞȐȕİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȩȞȠȞȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚıIJȘıȦıIJȒșȑıȘ
ȆȡȚȞĮȞȐȥİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩ
ǹʌȠijȪȖİIJİȞĮȕȐȜİIJİıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪ
ȉȘȞʌȡȫIJȘijȠȡȐʌȠȣșĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȣʌȐȡȤİȚʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮȞĮ
ıȤȘȝĮIJȚıIJİȓȜȓȖȠȢțĮʌȞȩȢǼȓȞĮȚȑȞĮțĮȞȠȞȚțȩijĮȚȞȩȝİȞȠʌȠȣșĮİȟĮijĮȞȚıIJİȓ
ıȪȞIJȠȝĮțĮȚȠijİȓȜİIJĮȚıIJȠȩIJȚȝİȡȚțȐİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȑȤȠȣȞȜȚʌĮȞșİȓ
İȜĮijȡȐ
ǵIJĮȞ ʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮ ĮʌȠȣıȚȐıİIJİ ȖȚĮȜȓȖȘ ȫȡĮ ȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİʌȐȞIJĮ IJȠıȓįİȡȠ
ıIJȘȞİȚįȚțȒıȤȐȡĮȞĮıȕȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞ
ʌȡȓȗĮ
ǹȞʌĮIJȒıİIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓĮIJȝȠȪʌȡȚȞȘıȣıțİȣȒijIJȐıİȚIJȘȕȑȜIJȚıIJȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ
ȒʌȡȚȞȗİıIJĮșİȓĮȡțİIJȐIJȠıȓįİȡȠȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȚȢȠʌȑȢĮIJȝȠȪ
ǻİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȑʌİıİțȐIJȦĮȞȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞİȝijĮ-
ȞİȓȢȗȘȝȚȑȢȒȞĮʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚįȚĮȡȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ĮȞ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚ țȐʌȠȚĮ ĮȞȦȝĮȜȓĮ Ȓ ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ ȗȘȝȚȐ Ȓ ijșȠȡȐ ıIJȠ ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩ
țĮȜȫįȚȠȒIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣǵȜİȢȠȚİʌȚıțİȣȑȢțĮȚȘĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪ
țĮȜȦįȓȠȣ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ İțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚ ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐ Įʌȩ İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮ țȑȞIJȡĮ
IJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒĮʌȩIJİȤȞȚțȠȪȢIJȘȢ$ULHWHȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚ
ȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ƲǒǐdžNJDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLj²NjǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ȂȘȞ İʌȚȤİȚȡİȓIJİ ʌȠIJȑ ȞĮıȚįİȡȫıİIJİȑȞĮȡȠȪȤȠʌȠȣijȠȡȐIJİİıİȓȢȒțȐʌȠȚȠȢ
ȐȜȜȠȢ
ȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJĮȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘIJȠȣıȓįİȡȠȣȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȠțĮȚĮȝȑıȦȢ
ȝİIJȐIJȠıȕȒıȚȝȠȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȐșİIJİİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ȂȘȞțĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJİIJȠȞĮIJȝȩʌȐȞȦıĮȢȒʌȐȞȦıİțĮIJȠȚțȓįȚĮȗȫĮ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮİȡȖĮıȓĮȢʌȠȣĮȞIJȑȤİȚıİșİȡȝȠțȡĮ-
ıȓİȢIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞ&ȂȘȞIJȘȞĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİıİİȣĮȓıșȘIJİȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȆȡȚȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮʌȡȫIJȘijȠȡȐĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȚȢİIJȚțȑIJİȢțĮȚ
60
EL
IJȚȢʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣIJȚțȑȢİʌİȞįȪıİȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȜȐțĮIJȠȣıȓįİȡȠȣ
ȃĮȟİIJȣȜȓȖİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠʌȡȚȞĮʌȩIJȘȤȡȒıȘ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȩIJĮȞįİȞȑȤİȚȞİȡȩȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȐșİȚȗȘȝȚȐȘ
ĮȞIJȜȓĮ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮİȡȚȠȪȤȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚįȚȠȟİȓįȚȠIJȠȣȐȞșȡĮțĮȈȣȞȚ-
ıIJȐIJĮȚȘȤȡȒıȘĮʌİıIJĮȖȝȑȞȠȣȞİȡȠȪȩIJĮȞIJȠȞİȡȩIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢʌİȡȚȑȤİȚ
ʌȠȜȜȐȐȜĮIJĮ
ȂȘȞĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİIJȠıȓįİȡȠȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚȗİıIJȩʌȐȞȦıIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠıȪȞįİıȘȢȒıIJȠ
țĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢțĮȚijȡȠȞIJȓıIJİȞĮȝȘȞĮțȠȣȝʌȐȞİIJĮțĮȜȫįȚĮıIJȘȞʌȜȐțĮ
IJȠȣıȓįİȡȠȣȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚȗİıIJȒ
ȂȘȞIJȡĮȕȐIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȖȚĮȞĮIJȠȕȖȐȜİIJİĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓ
ĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıİȚțĮȚİijȩıȠȞȑȤİIJİȕȖȐȜİȚIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȂȘ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑįȚĮȜȪIJİȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞȠȣȞȗȘȝȚȐıIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐ
ȂȘȞȤȪȞİIJİıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȟȪįȚȠȣıȓİȢȖȚĮIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞȒȐȜȜİȢĮȡȦȝĮIJȚ-
țȑȢȠȣıȓİȢįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐșĮʌĮȪıİȚȞĮȚıȤȪİȚȐȝİıĮȘİȖȖȪȘıȘ
ȂȘȞIJȣȜȓȖİIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȖȪȡȦĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȜȐțĮȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚȗİıIJȩIJȠıȓįİȡȠ
ȂȘȞĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİIJȘȞʌȜȐțĮıİȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
• ȆȡȚȞijȣȜȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝİIJĮIJȠʌȓıIJİIJȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘIJȠȣșİȡȝȠıIJȐIJȘıIJȠ0,1
İȜȐȤȚıIJȠȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮ
țȡȣȫıİȚȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȪıIJİȡĮĮįİȚȐıIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıIJȠȣȢĮIJȝȠıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢȕȡȠ-
ȤȒȒȜȚȠțȜʌ
īȚĮIJȘıȦıIJȒįȚȐșİıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȘȞǼȣȡȦʌĮȧțȒȅįȘȖȓĮ
ǼȀįȚĮȕȐıIJİIJȠıȤİIJȚțȩijȣȜȜȐįȚȠʌȠȣıȣȞȠįİȪİȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
•
ƷƶƭƣưƵƧƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƣƶƵƧƴ
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
$ ǹijĮȚȡȠȪȝİȞȠįȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ , ȀĮȜȫįȚȠıȪȞįİıȘȢıȓįİȡȠȣıȣıțİȣȒȢ
% ĭȓȜIJȡȠĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞ - ȋİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒȖȚĮIJȘȝİIJĮijȠȡȐIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
& ȈȤȐȡĮ . ȀȠȣȝʌȚȐĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȘȢȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒȢ
' ȆȜȐțĮ / ȀĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȝİijȚȢ
( ȈȘȝȐįȚȖȚĮIJȘȡȪșȝȚıȘIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ 0ǼȟȐȡIJȘȝĮʌİȡȚIJȪȜȚȟȘȢțĮȜȦįȓȠȣ
) ǻȚĮțȩʌIJȘȢșİȡȝȠıIJȐIJȘ 1 īȐȞIJȗȠȢĮıijȐȜȚıȘȢIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ
*ȀȠȣȝʌȓĮIJȝȠȪ 2 ȂȠȤȜȩȢĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ
+ ǼȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚİȜȑȖȤȠȣșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢıȓįİȡȠȣ
ƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƸƳƩƴƩƴ
ƲƳƱƴƱƸƩ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȆȡȚȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮʌȡȫIJȘijȠȡȐĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȚȢİIJȚțȑIJİȢțĮȚIJȚȢʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣIJȚțȑȢ
İʌİȞįȪıİȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȜȐțĮIJȠȣıȓįİȡȠȣ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮȠȡȚȗȩȞIJȚĮțĮȚıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮīȚĮȞĮȝİIJĮijȑȡİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȚț
61
EL
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ-ǹijȠȪȝİIJĮijȑȡİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȕȐȜIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢǼȚț
īȚĮȞĮĮʌİȜİȣșİȡȫıİIJİțĮȚȞĮĮȞĮıȘțȫıİIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒʌĮIJȒıIJİIJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮIJĮțȠȣȝʌȚȐ.ıIJȚȢįȪȠ
ʌȜİȣȡȑȢǼȚț
ǾİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘʌĮȡȠȣıȓĮȞİȡȠȪıȣȝʌȣțȞȫȝĮIJȠȢȒȣȖȡĮıȓĮȢıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠİȓȞĮȚȝȠȞȐȤĮȑȞįİȚȟȘʌȦȢȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȑȤİȚȣʌȠıIJİȓįȠțȚȝȒǾıȣıțİȣȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȝİțĮȞȠȞȚțȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢ
ȉȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞțĮșĮȡȓȗİȚIJȠȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȚȢȠȣıȓİȢʌȠȣțȐȞȠȣȞȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚıȣȞİʌȫȢ
ȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢȆȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȜȜȐȗİIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞțȐșİȝȒȞİȢ
ȒʌȚȠıȣȤȞȐĮȞȑȤİȚȣȥȘȜȩȕĮșȝȩıțȜȘȡȩIJȘIJĮȢIJȠȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢīȚĮIJȘȞĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ĮʌİȣșȣȞșİȓIJİıİȑȞĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
ƥƾǍNJǔǍǂǕǐǖDžǐǘdžǀǐǖǑǒNJǎǂǑǝǕLjǘǒƿǔLj
ƬƫƯƦƶƯƱƴLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȆȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJȠijȚȢİȓȞĮȚȕȖĮȜȝȑȞȠĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠȝȠȤȜȩĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢ2ʌȠȣȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒțĮȚĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠǼȚț
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞ%ĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠǼȚțīİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢ
ȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȞȑȞįİȚȟȘ0$;ǼȚțȄĮȞĮȕȐȜIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞǼȚț
ȃșȟȗıȞȔȘıijıȇȆȊǽijȡİȡȥıȔȡʍȑȟȧįʍȪijșȞȒȗțIJijșIJijȑȚȞș0$;
ȃșȟȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțıȔijıʍȡijȒįʍțȡȟțIJȞȒȟȡȟıȢȪȪijįȟıȔȟįțijȡʍȡȚıijșȞȒȟȡijȡĴȔȝijȢȡįĴįȔȢıIJșȣįȝȑijȧȟ
ƲƳƱƴƱƸƩ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȂȘȞʌȡȠıșȑIJİIJİ ıIJȠȞİȡȩțĮȝȓĮ ȐȜȜȘ ȤȘȝȚțȒȠȣıȓĮȩʌȦȢ ȖȚĮʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮȐȝȣȜȠ ĮȡȦȝĮIJȚțȐȒ
ȠIJȚįȒʌȠIJİȐȜȜȠįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐșĮʌĮȪıİȚȞĮȚıȤȪİȚȐȝİıĮȘİȖȖȪȘıȘ
ȄĮȞĮȕȐȜIJİıIJȘȞșȑıȘIJȠȣIJȠįȠȤİȓȠǼȚțȍșȒıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȑȡȝĮıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣȝȑȤȡȚȞĮĮțȠȪıİIJİIJȠ
ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȩȒȤȠʌȠȣıȘȝĮȓȞİȚʌȦȢ©țȠȪȝʌȦıݪıȦıIJȐıIJȘȞșȑıȘIJȠȣ
ƚǎǂǍǍǂǕLjǓǔǖǔNjdžǖƿǓNjǂNJǑǒǟǕLjnjdžNJǕǐǖǒDŽǀǂ
ȆȡȚȞĮȞȐȥİIJİIJȠıȓįİȡȠȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȣʌȐȡȤİȚĮȡțİIJȩȞİȡȩȝȑıĮıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȄİIJȣȜȓȟIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠȘȜİ-
țIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ǺȐȜIJİıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠijȚȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȉȘȞʌȡȫIJȘijȠȡȐʌȠȣșĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȠıȓįİȡȠĮijȠȪȖİȝȓıİIJİ
IJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩȡȣșȝȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓIJȠȣșİȡȝȠıIJȐIJȘ)ʌȑȡĮȞĮʌȩIJȠıȪȝȕȠȜȠțĮȚʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮıȕȒ-
ıİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ+ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ*ǼȚțȝȑȤȡȚȢȩIJȠȣIJȠıȓįİȡȠĮȡȤȓıİȚ
ȞĮȕȖȐȗİȚĮIJȝȩĮʌĮȚIJİȓIJĮȚȑȞĮȜİʌIJȩʌİȡȓʌȠȣǼȚț
ȊșȟʍȢȬijșĴȡȢȑʍȡȤȚįȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțȓIJıijıijșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȤʍȑȢȥıțʍțȚįȟȪijșijįȟįIJȥșȞįijțIJijıȔȝȔȗȡȣȜį-
ʍȟȪȣǽȔȟįțȒȟįȜįȟȡȟțȜȪĴįțȟȪȞıȟȡʍȡȤȚįıȠįĴįȟțIJijıȔIJȫȟijȡȞįȊșȟʍȢȬijșĴȡȢȑʍȡȤȚįȥȢșIJțȞȡ-
ʍȡțȓIJıijıijȡIJȔİıȢȡİȡȜțȞȑIJijıijȡʍȑȟȧIJıȒȟįʍįȝțȪȫĴįIJȞįȗțįȟįįʍȡȞįȜȢȫȟıijıijȤȥȪȟȜįijȑȝȡțʍį
ȜįijıȢȗįIJȔįȣįʍȪijȡıȢȗȡIJijȑIJțȡ
ƲƳƱƴƱƸƩ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȆȡȠıȑȟIJİȞĮȝȘȞʌĮIJȒıİIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪȩIJĮȞIJȠıȓįİȡȠİȓȞĮȚĮțȠȣȝʌȚıȝȑȞȠıIJȘıȤȐȡĮ&
ȉȠıȓįİȡȠIJȡȠijȠįȠIJİȓIJĮȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮĮʌȩȝȓĮĮȞIJȜȓĮȘȠʌȠȓĮİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚȖȚĮȜȓȖĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮțȐșİijȠȡȐ
ʌȠȣȖİȝȓȗİIJİȝİȞİȡȩȉȩIJİȘıȣıțİȣȒțȐȞİȚȜȓȖȠșȩȡȣȕȠțȡĮįĮıȝȩȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮʌȩȜȣIJĮijȣıȚȠȜȠȖȚțȩȢ
ǹȝȑıȦȢȝİIJȐIJȠȞțȡĮįĮıȝȩȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİțįȘȜȦșİȓȝİȓȦıȘȢIJȘȢİțȡȠȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȆȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȖȚĮȑȞĮțĮȞȠȞȚțȩ
ijĮȚȞȩȝİȞȠ
ǹȞIJȠıȓįİȡȠʌĮȡĮȝİȓȞİȚĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȓȘIJȠȖȚĮȝİȖȐȜȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮʌȡȚȞıȚįİȡȫıİIJİıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮIJȠ
ĮijȒıİIJİıİȠȡȚȗȩȞIJȚĮșȑıȘțĮȚȞĮİțIJȠȟİȪıİIJİȝİȡȚțȑȢijȠȡȑȢIJȠȞĮIJȝȩʌȡȠȢIJȠįȐʌİįȠȖȚĮȞĮIJȠȞıIJĮșİȡȠ-
ʌȠȚȒıİIJİțĮȚȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİIJİIJĮIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮıȣȝʌȣțȞȫȝĮIJȠȢ
ƴNJDždžǒǚǍǂǍdžǂǕǍǐ
ȇȣșȝȓıIJİIJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮıȚįİȡȫȝĮIJȠȢȖȣȡȓȗȠȞIJĮȢIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȡȪșȝȚıȘȢ)ʌȑȡĮȞĮʌȩIJȠıȪȝȕȠȜȠ
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮıȕȒıİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ+IJȠȣıȓįİȡȠȣȉȫȡĮIJȠıȓįİȡȠİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȠȖȚĮIJȘȤȡȒıȘȆȡȚȞ
62
EL
țĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJİIJȠȞĮIJȝȩıIJȠȡȠȪȤȠʌȠȣʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮıȚįİȡȫıİIJİİțIJȠȟİȪıIJİIJȠȞįȪȠ±IJȡİȚȢijȠȡȑȢʌȡȠȢIJȠ
ʌȐIJȦȝĮȖȚĮȞĮIJȠȞıIJĮșİȡȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİǵIJĮȞʌĮIJȐIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓĮIJȝȠȪ*ȖȚĮȑȦȢįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮİțIJȠȟİȪİ-
IJĮȚįȣȞĮIJȐȠĮIJȝȩȢǾİțIJȩȟİȣıȘIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪįȚĮțȩʌIJİIJĮȚȝȩȜȚȢĮijȒıİIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓǹȞʌĮIJȒıİIJİıȣȞȑȤİȚĮȖȚĮ
ʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡĮĮʌȩįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓʌĮȡȠȤȒȢIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ*ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮıIJȐȟȠȣȞıIJĮȖȩȞİȢȞİȡȩĮʌȩ
IJȘȞʌȜȐțĮIJȠȣıȓįİȡȠȣȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮȝȘȞʌĮIJȐIJİıȣȞȑȤİȚĮIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓ*
ƥƾǍNJǔǍǂǕǐǖDžǐǘdžǀǐǖNjǂǕƽǕLjǎǘǒƿǔLj
ǶIJȡIJțİıȢȬȟıijıȟįıȝȒȗȥıijıʍȑȟijįijșIJijȑȚȞșijȡȤȟıȢȡȫIJijȡİȡȥıȔȡ
ǹȞIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȓȞİȚȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩșĮĮȚıșĮȞșİȓIJİȑȞĮȞțȡĮįĮıȝȩțĮȚșĮĮțȠȣıIJİȓȑȞĮȢįȣȞĮIJȩȢșȩȡȣȕȠȢīȚĮ
ȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠīİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠțĮIJİȣșİȓĮȞ
țȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȡȪıȘȝİțĮșĮȡȩȞİȡȩIJȠȣįȚțIJȪȠȣǼȚț
ƬƫƯƦƶƯƱƴLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȃĮıȕȒȞİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩȝȑȤȡȚIJȠıȘȝȐįȚȝȑȖȚıIJȘȢıIJȐșȝȘȢ0$;
ƲƳƱƴƱƸƩ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȆȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȜȜȐȗİIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞȩIJĮȞĮȜȜȐȟİȚIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠȤȡȫȝĮıIJȚȢȡȘIJȓȞİȢʌȠȣ
ʌİȡȚȑȤİȚ
ƴƫƦƧƳƺƮƣƸƺƳƫƴƣƵƮƱ
īȚĮȞĮıȚįİȡȫıİIJİȤȦȡȓȢĮIJȝȩȕȐȜIJİıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠijȚȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢțĮȚȡȣșȝȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓIJȠȣșİȡȝȠıIJȐIJȘ
)ıIJȘȞİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȤȦȡȓȢȞĮʌĮIJȒıİIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓĮIJȝȠȪ*
ƲƳƱƴƱƸƩ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ǹțȩȝĮțĮȚȩIJĮȞȘıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚȖȣȡȚıȝȑȞȘıIJȠıIJİȖȞȩıȚįȑȡȦȝĮȝȘȞIJȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑȤȦȡȓȢ
ȞİȡȩȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȐșİȚȗȘȝȚȐȘĮȞIJȜȓĮ
ƴƫƦƧƳƺƮƣƴƵƣƱƳƪƫƣ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİ ȞĮ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİ IJȘ ıȣȞİȤȒİțIJȩȟİȣıȘ IJȠȣ ĮIJȝȠȪ ȖȚĮ ȞĮıȚįİȡȫıİIJİıIJĮ ȩȡșȚĮǹȣIJȒ Ș
ȚįȚĮȓIJİȡȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮıȚįİȡȫȝĮIJȠȢİȟĮȜİȓijİȚIJȚȢȗȐȡİȢĮʌȩIJȚȢțȠȣȡIJȓȞİȢțĮȚȐȜȜĮȣijȐıȝĮIJĮ
ȇȣșȝȓıIJİIJȘȞ
șİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮıȚįİȡȫȝĮIJȠȢȖȣȡȓȗȠȞIJĮȢIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȡȪșȝȚıȘȢ)ʌȑȡĮȞĮʌȩIJȠıȪȝȕȠȜȠȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞ
țȠȣȡIJȓȞĮȒIJȠȪijĮıȝĮȝİIJȠȞIJȡȩʌȠʌȠȣșȑȜİIJİȞĮIJȠıȚįİȡȫıİIJİıIJĮȩȡșȚĮțĮȚʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ
ƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƩ²NjǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ȂȘȞıȚįİȡȫȞİIJİȣijȐıȝĮIJĮȒȡȠȪȤĮʌȠȣțȡĮIJȐȞİȐȜȜĮȐIJȠȝĮ
ƧƲƫƭƱƥƩƵƩƴƪƧƳƮƱƬƳƣƴƫƣƴƬƣƫƶƲƱƦƧƫưƧƫƴƥƫƣƵƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ƧǑNJnjǐDŽƿljdžǒǍǐNjǒǂǔǀǂǓ
ȀĮIJ¶ĮȡȤȒȞįİȓIJİĮȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȠȡȠȪȤȠȝȚĮİIJȚțȑIJĮȝİȠįȘȖȓİȢȖȚĮIJȠıȚįȑȡȦȝĮțĮȚıȣȖțȡȓȞİIJİIJȚȢȣʌȠįİȓȟİȚȢ
IJȘȢİIJȚțȑIJĮȢȝİIJȠȞʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦʌȓȞĮțĮǹȞįİȞȕȡİȓIJİIJȘȞİIJȚțȑIJĮĮȜȜȐȖȞȦȡȓȗİIJİIJȠȞIJȪʌȠIJȠȣȣijȐıȝĮIJȠȢ
ĮțȠȜȠȣșİȓIJİIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢIJȠȣʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦʌȓȞĮțĮȅʌȓȞĮțĮȢĮȞĮijȑȡİȚIJĮȣijȐıȝĮIJĮʌȠȣįİȞȑȤȠȣȞȣʌȠıIJİȓ
țĮȝȓĮțĮIJİȡȖĮıȓĮȝİȐȝȣȜȠȒʌĮȡȩȝȠȚĮǻȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮıȚįİȡȫıİIJİțĮȚıİȤĮȝȘȜȩIJİȡȘșİȡȝȠ-
țȡĮıȓĮ
ǵIJĮȞĮȜȜȐȗİIJİIJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȖȣȡȓȗȠȞIJĮȢIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓIJȠȣșİȡȝȠıIJȐIJȘ)ĮȞȐȕİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ+
țĮȚʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȠȝȑȤȡȚȢȩIJȠȣIJȠıȓįİȡȠijIJȐıİȚıIJȘȞİʌȚȜİȖȝȑȞȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ
ȄİȤȦȡȓıIJİIJĮȡȠȪȤĮĮȞȐIJȪʌȠȣijȐıȝĮIJȠȢIJĮȝȐȜȜȚȞĮȟİȤȦȡȚıIJȐIJĮȕĮȝȕĮțİȡȐȟİȤȦȡȚıIJȐțȜʌ
ǻİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚȘʌȜȐțĮIJȠȣıȓįİȡȠȣȗİıIJĮȓȞİIJĮȚıİʌȠȜȪȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠȤȡȩȞȠĮʌ¶ĮȣIJȩȞʌȠȣĮʌĮȚIJİȓȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚ
ıȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮ ĮȡȤȓıİIJİIJȠ ıȚįȑȡȦȝĮĮʌȩIJĮ ȣijȐıȝĮIJĮʌȠȣ ĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȞȤĮȝȘȜȩIJİȡȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ țĮȚȞĮ
ıȣȞİȤȓıİIJİıIJĮįȚĮțȐȝİIJĮȐȜȜĮʌȠȣĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȞȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮǹȞIJȠȪijĮıȝĮȑȤİȚȝȚțIJȒıȪȞșİıȘ
ȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȖȚĮIJȘȞȓȞĮʌȠȣȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚIJȘȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘīȚĮʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮĮȞIJȠȪijĮıȝĮĮʌȠIJİ-
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ȜİȓIJĮȚțĮIJȐĮʌȩıȣȞșİIJȚțȑȢȓȞİȢțĮȚțĮIJȐĮʌȩȕĮȝȕĮțİȡȩʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ
ıIJȘșȑıȘȕȜȑʌİʌȓȞĮțĮȤȦȡȓȢĮIJȝȩįȘȜĮįȒı¶ĮȣIJȒȞʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȖȚĮIJĮıȣȞșİIJȚțȐȣijȐıȝĮIJĮ
ǼIJȚțȑIJĮȅįȘȖȓİȢȖȚĮIJȠ
ıȚįȑȡȦȝĮʌȠȣĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚ
ıIJȘȞİIJȚțȑIJĮIJȠȣȣijȐıȝĮIJȠȢ
ȉȪʌȠȢȣijȐıȝĮIJȠȢ ĬİȡȝȠıIJȐIJȘȢ
ȈȣȞșİIJȚțȐȣijȐıȝĮIJĮ
ȅȡȖȐȞIJȗİȢ
ǹțȡȣȜȚțȐ
ǺȚıțȩȗ
ȆȠȜȣĮȝȝȓįȘȃȐȚȜȠȞ
ǺȚıțȩȗȡİȖȚȩȞ
ȂİIJĮȟȦIJȐ
•
ȂȐȜȜȚȞĮ ••
ǺĮȝȕĮțİȡȐ
ȁȚȞȐ •••
ǹȣIJȩıȒȝĮıIJȘȞİIJȚțȑIJĮıȘȝĮȓȞİȚ©įİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮ
ıȚįİȡȫȞİIJĮȚ
ǹȞįİȞȖȞȦȡȓȗİIJİIJȘıȪȞșİıȘIJȠȣȣijȐıȝĮIJȠȢIJȠȣȡȠȪȤȠȣʌȠȣșȑȜİIJİȞĮıȚįİȡȫıİIJİįȠțȚȝȐıIJİIJȠıȓįİȡȠ
ıİȑȞĮıȘȝİȓȠIJȠȣȡȠȪȤȠȣʌȠȣįİȞijĮȓȞİIJĮȚĮȞȐʌȠįȘǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİIJȠıȓįİȡȠıIJȠıȘȝİȓȠĮȣIJȩȖȚĮȞĮȕȡİȓIJİ
IJȘıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ ĮȡȤȓȗȠȞIJĮȢȕȑȕĮȚĮĮʌȩIJȘ ȤĮȝȘȜȩIJİȡȘțĮȚ ĮȞİȕȐȗȠȞIJȐȢIJȘȞ ıIJĮįȚĮțȐȝȑȤȡȚIJȘ
ıȦıIJȒȉĮȠȜȩȝĮȜȜĮȣijȐıȝĮIJĮȝĮȜȜȓȝʌȠȡȠȪȞȞĮıȚįİȡȦșȠȪȞțĮȚȝİȝȓĮĮʌȩIJȚȢșȑıİȚȢIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ
ȈȚįİȡȫȞİIJİĮʌȩIJȘȞĮȞȐʌȠįȘIJĮȠȜȩȝĮȜȜĮIJĮȝİIJĮȟȦIJȐțĮȚIJĮıȣȞșİIJȚțȐȖȚĮȞĮȝȘȞțȐȞȠȣȞȖȣĮȜȐįİȢīȚĮ
IJȠȣȢȐȜȜȠȣȢIJȪʌȠȣȢIJȦȞ ȣijĮıȝȐIJȦȞțĮȚȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮIJĮ ȕİȜȠȪįȚȞĮʌȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣȞĮ ȝȘȞțȐȞȠȣȞȖȣĮȜȐįİȢ
ıȚįİȡȫıIJİIJĮȝİȑȞĮʌĮȞȓțĮȚʌȚȑȗȠȞIJĮȢİȜĮijȡȐIJȠıȓįİȡȠʌȡȠȢȝȓĮȝȩȞȠțĮIJİȪșȣȞıȘȉȠıȓįİȡȠʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮ
ȝİIJĮțȚȞİȓIJĮȚıȣȞȑȤİȚĮʌȐȞȦıIJȠȡȠȪȤȠ
ƱƵƣƯƵƧƭƧƫƺƴƧƵƧƵƱƴƫƦƧƳƺƮƣ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ)ıIJȠ³PLQ´ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ǺȜȡȤȞʍȓIJijıijȡIJȔİıȢȡIJijșIJȥȑȢįȜįțįĴȓIJijıijȡȟįȜȢȤȬIJıțʍȢȡIJȒȥȡȟijįȣȟįȞșȟįȜȡȤȞʍȑıțȜį-
ȟȒȟįȜįȝȬİțȡIJijțȣȘıIJijȒȣıʍțĴȑȟıțıȣijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣǿIJȤIJȜıȤȓİțįȚȒijıțȞțįȖȑIJșʍıȢțijȫȝțȠșȣijȡȤ
ȜįȝȧİȔȡȤ
ǹįİȚȐıIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȠıȤȘȝĮIJȚıȝȩĮȜȐIJȦȞĮʌȩIJȠıIJȐıȚȝȠȞİȡȩǼȚțĭȣȜȐȟIJİ
IJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐ
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƬƣƫƴƶƯƵƩƳƩƴƩ
ƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƩ²NjǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ȆȡȚȞĮȡȤȓıİIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮțĮȚĮijȒıIJİIJȠıȓįİȡȠȞĮțȡȣ-
ȫıİȚĮțȠȣȝʌȚıȝȑȞȠıIJȘıȤȐȡĮ
ƬƫƯƦƶƯƱƴLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
ƲƳƱƴƱƸƩ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ǼȜȑȖȟIJİIJȘȞțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣʌȡȚȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚĮȞįȚĮʌȚıIJȫıİIJİțȐʌȠȚĮ
ijșȠȡȐʌȘȖĮȓȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȠʌȜȘıȚȑıIJİȡȠțȑȞIJȡȠIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȖȚĮȞĮȖȓȞİȚȘ
ĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐĮʌȩțȐʌȠȚȠȞȑȝʌİȚȡȠIJİȤȞȚțȩ
64
EL
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕLjǓǑnjƽNjǂǓ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJĮIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮĮȜȐIJȦȞȒȐȜȜȦȞȠȣıȚȫȞıIJȘȞʌȜȐțĮIJȠȣıȓįİȡȠȣȤȡȘıȚȝȠ-
ʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮʌĮȞȓȕȠȣIJȘȖȝȑȞȠıİįȚȐȜȣȝĮȞİȡȠȪȝİȟȪįȚȈțȠȣʌȓıIJİțĮȜȐIJȘȞʌȜȐțĮȝİȑȞĮıIJİȖȞȩʌĮȞȓ
ƲƳƱƴƱƸƩ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȡĮȤȚȐȣȜȚțȐȖȚĮȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘȞʌȜȐțĮĭȡȠȞIJȓıIJİȞĮʌĮȡĮȝİȓȞİȚȜİȓĮȘʌȜȐ-
țĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİȞĮIJȘȞijȑȡİIJİıİİʌĮijȒȝİȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǐǖDžǐǘdžǀǐǖ
ȀȐșİIJȩıȠʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȖİȝȓȗȠȞIJȐȢIJȠȝİȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢȄİȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠțĮȜȐțĮȚĮįİȚȐıIJİ
IJȠȞİȡȩǼȚț
ƲƳƱƴƱƸƩ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȂȘȞȡȓȤȞİIJİıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȟȪįȚĮijĮȜĮIJȚțȐȒȐȜȜĮʌȡȩıșİIJĮįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐșĮʌĮȪıİȚȞĮȚıȤȪİȚȐȝİıĮ
ȘİȖȖȪȘıȘ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǐǖǔǀDždžǒǐǖ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐȝȑȡȘȝİȑȞĮțĮșĮȡȩțĮȚĮʌĮȜȩʌĮȞȓțĮȚıțȠȣʌȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮıIJİȖȞȩʌĮȞȓ
ȉǿȃǽȀȎȉǽȀȉıȔȟįț įʍȪȝȤijįĴȤIJțȡȝȡȗțȜȪȞıijȑ įʍȪȜȑʍȡțȡȥȢȡȟțȜȪ İțȑIJijșȞįȥȢȓIJșȣ IJıȤȦșȝȒȣ
ȚıȢȞȡȜȢįIJȔıȣijįȝıȤȜȑʍȝįIJijțȜȑijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣȟįʍįȢȡȤIJțȑȘȡȤȟȞțȜȢȒȣįȝȝȡțȬIJıțȣIJijȡȥȢȬȞįȓ
ȜįțȜțijȢȔȟțIJȞį
65
RU
ǿǼDzdzǾǴǮǻǶdzDzǮǻǻǼǷǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶǶ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɧɨɪɦɢɜɫɟɟɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɡɚ-
ɳɢɬɨɣɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢɦɟɪɚɦɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɢɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɜɦɢɩɨ-
ɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɜ
ɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟȿɫɥɢɜɵɪɟɲɢɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɪɭɤɢɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɟɪɟ-
ɞɚɬɶɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɷɬɭɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɢɦɜɨɥɵɢɧɚ-
ɡɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ
ǼǽǮǿǻǼǿȀȊ
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɟɬɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɨɪɢɫɤɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦ
ǺdzǾȉǽǾdzDzǼǿȀǼǾǼǴǻǼǿȀǶ
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɟɬɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɨɪɢɫɤɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɳɟɪɛɚ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ǰǻǶǺǮǻǶdz
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɟɬɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɨɪɢɫɤɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɥɟɝɤɢɯɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɭɳɟɪɛ
ǻǮǵǻǮȅdzǻǶdzȁǿȀǾǼǷǿȀǰǮ
ȼɵɦɨɠɟɬɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɞɥɹɝɥɚɠɟɧɢɹɪɚɡɧɵɯɜɢɞɨɜɨɞɟɠɞɵɩɨɪɬɶɟɪɢɬɤɚɧɟɣɩɪɢɫɨɛɥɸɞɟ-
ɧɢɢɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɧɚɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɚɯɫɭɯɢɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦɢɜɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɝɥɚɞɢɬɶɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɢɡɚɦɟɧɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɭɬɸɝɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɢɧɟɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɥɹɯ
Ʌɸɛɨɣɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬɟɝɨ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɪɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɜɥɟɱɟɬɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɨɬɦɟɧɭɥɸɛɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
ǼǿȀǮȀǼȅǻȉdzǾǶǿǸǶ
ǽǾdzDzȁǽǾdzǴDzdzǻǶdzǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȜȔȜȑȜȐ
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɡɚɳɢɬɭɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɨɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɩɨɞɨɲɜɨɣɭɬɸɝɚɤɚɤɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɬɚɤɢɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɄɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɨɫɨɛɭɸɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢɩɚɪɚɢɧɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɬɪɭɸɩɚɪɚɜ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɱɚɫɬɟɣɬɟɥɚɢɥɢɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ
ǽǾdzDzȁǽǾdzǴDzdzǻǶdzǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȝȜȐȞȓȔȒȓțȖȗ
ɉɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɜɵɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɥɢɭɬɸɝɢɜɵɧɭɥɢɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɫɬɚ-
ɜɢɬɶɟɝɨɞɥɹɨɫɬɵɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ǽǾǮǰǶǹǮȀdzȃǻǶǸǶǯdzǵǼǽǮǿǻǼǿȀǶ
ɊɀɋɀȿɊɀɋȽɖɇɃɌɊɉɆɗɂɉȽȻɈɃɀɇɊɋɃȼɉɋȻɈɀɉȼɐɉȿɃɇɉȽɈɃɇȻ-
ɍɀɆɗɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɍɗɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɎəɃɈɌɍɋɎɅɑɃə
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɢɧɟɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɫ-
66
RU
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɥɹɯ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɜɰɟɥɹɯɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɦɪɭɤɨ-
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɬɤɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɟɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɣɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɩɪɢɟɝɨɨɬɫɵɥɤɟɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪ-
ɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȒșȭȒȓȠȓȗ
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ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɞɟɬɢɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɩɪɢɫɦɨ-
ɬɪɨɦɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɡɚɧɢɯɥɢɰɚɢɥɢɟɫɥɢɢɦɛɵɥɢɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɢɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɵɪɢɫɤɢɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚɢɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɵɞɟɬɹɦɧɟɦɥɚɞ-
ɲɟɥɟɬɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɢɝɪɞɟɬɟɣɫ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɲɧɭɪɞɨɥɠɟɧɜɫɟɝɞɚɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɧɟɡɨɧɵɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹ
ɞɟɬɟɣɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɫɪɨɤɚɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɹɯɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɫɞɟɥɚɜɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɧɟɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɩɨ-
ɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɝɪɭɲɤɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ǽȞȓȒȡȝȞȓȔȒȓțȖȓȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȓȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɥɢɰɚɦɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢ-
ɦɢɢɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ ɭɦɟɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɛɨ-
ɜɚɜɲɢɦɢɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹɫɬɚɤɢɦɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɢɩɨɞ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɡɚ ɧɢɯ ɥɢɰɚɢɩɨɫɥɟɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɹɢɯɫ ɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɚɦɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɢɯɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɯɨɬ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɛɚɤɚɜɨɞɨɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɜɵɧɭɬɶ
ɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɟɣɧɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɜɥɟɱɶɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɢɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɧɭɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɥɢ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸɫɟɬɢ
67
RU
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɪɨɡɟɬɤɟɫɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
• ɇȿɈɉɍɋɄȺɌɖɉɊɂȻɈɊȼȼɈȾɍɂȾɊɍȽɂȿɀɂȾɄɈɋɌɂ
ɇɟɝɥɚɞɢɬɶɜɥɚɠɧɵɦɢɪɭɤɚɦɢɢɥɢɛɟɡɨɛɭɜɢ
ȁȑȞȜȕȎȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȡȧȓȞȏȎȐȩȕȐȎțțȎȭȖțȩȚȖ
ȝȞȖȥȖțȎȚȖ
•ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɧɚɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɍɬɸɝɞɨɥɠɟɧɫɬɨɹɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɣɞɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɩɨɞ-
ɫɬɚɜɤɟɋɥɟɞɢɬɟɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɫɬɨɢɬɭɬɸɝɛɵɥɚ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ
Ⱦɥɹɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɟɝɞɚɜɵɛɢɪɚɣɬɟɯɨ-
ɪɨɲɨɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɟɢɱɢɫɬɨɟɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɨɣɪɚɫ-
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟ
ȼɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɛɚɱɨɤɜɨɞɨɣ
ɇɟɧɚɥɢɜɚɬɶɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɨɞɵɜɛɚɤ
ɉɪɢɩɟɪɜɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɬɢɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɜɵɞɟɥɟ-
ɧɢɟɞɵɦɚɗɬɨɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɟɬɟɦɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɞɟɬɚɥɢɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɚɫɦɚɡɤɚɢɨɧɨɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɚɦ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɣɬɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɭɬɸɝɧɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɪɟɲɟɬɤɭɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɟɝɨɢɜɫɟɝɞɚɨɬɫɨ-
ɟɞɢɧɹɣɬɟɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɨɬɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ȿɫɥɢɧɚɠɚɬɶɧɚɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɚɧɟɞɨɠɞɚɜɲɢɫɶɩɨɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɝɪɟɟɬɫɹɞɨɧɟ-
ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɦɨɠɧɨɫɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɟɜɨɞɵɱɟɪɟɡɨɬ-
ɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɚɪɚ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɬɨɨɧɧɟɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣɷɤɫɩɥɭ-
ɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɥɢɭɬɟɱɤɢɜɨɞɵɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬ-
ɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɫɥɢɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɢɥɤɚɢɥɢɫɚɦɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɢɦɟɸɬɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɅɸɛɵɟɜɢɞɵɪɟɦɨɧɬɚɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɡɚɦɟɧɭɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ-
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯȺɪɢɷɬɟɢɥɢ
ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ$ULHWHɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ǽȞȓȒȡȝȞȓȔȒȓțȖȓȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɝɥɚɞɢɬɶɧɚɞɟɬɭɸɧɚɫɟɛɹɨɞɟɠɞɭ
ȼɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɨɠɨɝɨɜɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɞɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɱɚ-
ɫɬɟɣɭɬɸɝɚɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɪɚɛɨɬɟɚɬɚɤɠɟɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɩɨɫɥɟ
ɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɇɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɬɪɭɸɩɚɪɚɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɬɟɥɚɢɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɪɚɛɨɱɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɭɸ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɧɟɦɟɧɟɟ&ɇɟɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɭɬɸɝɧɚɯɪɭɩɤɢɟɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
68
RU
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪ-
țȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɭɛɪɚɬɶ ɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɭɸ
ɩɥɟɧɤɭɫɩɨɞɨɲɜɵɭɬɸɝɚ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɜɫɟɝɞɚɪɚɫɩɪɹɦɥɹɬɶɩɪɨɜɨɞ
ɇɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɛɟɡɜɨɞɵɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɥɨɦɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɫɨɫ
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ
ȿɫɥɢɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɚɹɜɨɞɚɨɱɟɧɶɠɟɫɬɤɚɹɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɞɟɦɢ-
ɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɜɨɞɭ
ɇɟɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɝɨɪɹɱɢɣɭɬɸɝɧɚɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɧɚɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɢɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɨɧɢɧɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɫɨɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɥɢɫɶɫɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɩɨɞɨɲɜɨɣ
ɭɬɸɝɚ
ȼɵɧɢɦɚɹɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɧɟɬɹɧɭɬɶɡɚɩɪɨɜɨɞ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚɭɬɸɝɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɢɫɥɟɝɤɚɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸɢɬɨɥɶ-
ɤɨɩɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɜɵɜɵɬɚɳɢɥɢɜɢɥɤɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɡ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɢɜɫɟɱɚɫɬɢɭɬɸɝɚɨɫɬɵɥɢɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɥɸɛɵɟɪɚɫɬɜɨ-
ɪɢɬɟɥɢɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɱɚɫɬɢ
ɇɟɧɚɥɢɜɚɬɶɜɛɚɱɨɤɭɤɫɭɫɭɦɹɝɱɢɬɟɥɶɢɥɢɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢɜ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɇɟɧɚɤɪɭɱɢɜɚɬɶɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɨɤɪɭɝɩɨɞɨɲɜɵɤɨɝɞɚɭɬɸɝɝɨɪɹɱɢɣ
ɇɟɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɩɨɞɨɲɜɨɣɭɬɸɝɚɞɨɞɪɭɝɢɯɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ
• ɉɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɜɧɨɫɶ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɭɬɸɝ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɬɟɪɦɨ-
ɫɬɚɬɚɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ0,1ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɜɫɟɝɞɚɜɵɧɢɦɚɬɶɲɧɭɪɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɉɨɫɥɟ
ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɵɥɢɬɶɢɡɛɚɱɤɚɜɫɸɜɨɞɭ
ɇɟɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯɹɜɥɟɧɢɣɞɨɠɞɶɫɨɥɧɰɟ
ɢɬɞ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫȿɜɪɨɩɟɣ-
ɫɤɨɣȾɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɨɣȿɋɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭ-
ɸɳɢɦɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɥɢɫɬɤɨɦɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɤɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭ
•
ȃǾǮǻǶȀȊǻǮǿȀǼȍȇdzdzǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮ-
ȄǶǶ
69
RU
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdzǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
$ ɋɴɟɦɧɵɣɛɚɱɨɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɵ , ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɲɧɭɪɭɬɸɝɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ
% ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɵɣɮɢɥɶɬɪɤɚɪɬɪɢɞɠ - Ɋɭɱɤɚɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
& ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɚɩɨɞɭɬɸɝ . Ʉɧɨɩɤɢɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɪɭɱɤɢ
' ɉɨɞɨɲɜɚ / ɒɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶ
( Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 0Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɣɛɚɪɚɛɚɧ
) Ɋɭɤɨɹɬɤɚɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ 1 Ʉɪɸɱɨɤɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ
*Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ 2 Ɋɭɱɤɚɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ
+ ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɭɬɸɝɚ
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ǰǻǶǺǮǻǶdzȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɟɪɜɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɭɛɪɚɬɶɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɢɢɥɢɡɚɳɢɬɧɭɸɩɥɟɧɤɭɫɩɨɞɨɲɜɵɭɬɸ-
ɝɚ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶȾɥɹɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɪɭɱɤɭ-Ɋɢɫɉɨɫɥɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɪɭɱɤɢɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɭɛɪɚɬɶɟɟɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɜ
ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɟɊɢɫ ɑɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɢɩɨɞɧɹɬɶ ɪɭɱɤɭɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɧɚ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢ.ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹɫɞɜɭɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɊɢɫ
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɜɨɞɵɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚɢɥɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢɜɤɨɬɥɟɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɥɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɞɥɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɨɛɵɱɧɭɸɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɭɸɜɨɞɭ
ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɵɣɮɢɥɶɬɪɤɚɪɬɪɢɞɠɨɱɢɳɚɟɬɜɨɞɭɨɬɨɩɚɫɧɵɯɞɥɹɭɬɸɝɚɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɱɟɦɭɦɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɨɛɵɱɧɭɸɜɨɞɭɢɡɩɨɞɤɪɚɧɚɄɚɪɬɪɢɞɠɞɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɤɢɩɢɧɟ-
ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɦɟɧɹɬɶɤɚɠɞɵɟɬɪɢɦɟɫɹɰɚɢɥɢɫɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɟɣɨɬɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɢɜɨɞɵɜɚɲɟɝɨ
ɤɪɚɧɚɋɦɟɧɧɵɟɤɚɫɫɟɬɵɦɨɠɧɨɧɚɣɬɢɜɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚɯɢɥɢɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ǵȎȝȜșțȓțȖȓȏȎȥȘȎȝȓȞȓȒȝȞȖȚȓțȓțȖȓȚ
ǽǾdzDzȁǽǾdzǴDzdzǻǶdzȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȓȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
ɉɟɪɟɞɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɛɚɱɤɚɜɨɞɨɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɱɬɨɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɬɤɥɸɱɺɧɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢ-
ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚɠɚɬɶɧɚɪɵɱɚɝɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ2ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɫɹɩɨɞɪɭɱɤɨɣɢɢɡɜɥɟɱɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɊɢɫɂɡɜɥɟɱɶ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɭɸɤɚɫɫɟɬɭ%ɢɡɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɊɢɫɋɧɨɜɚɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɫɜɟɠɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɞɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɫɨɬɦɟɬɤɨɣ0$;ɊɢɫȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɧɚɦɟɫɬɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɭɸɤɚɫɫɟɬɭɊɢɫ
Ɉɣɥɩɞɟɛɨɠɨɛɪɩɦɨɺɭɷɜɛɲɩɥɝɶɳɠɧɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɩɞɩɮɫɩɝɨɺ
Ɉɠɦɷɢɺɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɭɷɩɲɣɴɠɨɨɮɹɟɠɧɣɨɠɫɛɦɣɢɩɝɛɨɨɮɹɝɩɟɮɠɬɦɣɝɮɭɹɞɝɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɛɪɫɩɭɣɝɩ-
ɣɢɝɠɬɭɥɩɝɛɺɥɛɬɬɠɭɛ
ǰǻǶǺǮǻǶdzȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɬɶɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɤɚɤɢɟɥɢɛɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɤɪɚɫɢ-
ɬɟɥɢɨɬɞɭɲɤɢɢɞɪɜɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɧɚɦɟɫɬɨɊɢɫɇɚɠɚɬɶɞɨɭɩɨɪɚɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚȿɫɥɢɩɨɫɥɵɲɚɥɫɹ
ɳɟɥɱɨɤɷɬɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɱɬɨɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɜɫɬɚɥɧɚɫɜɨɟɦɟɫɬɨ
ǰȘșȬȥȓțȖȓȝȞȖȏȜȞȎȖȓȑȜȝȓȞȐȜȓȖȟȝȜșȪȕȜȐȎțȖȓ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɭɬɸɝɚɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɜɨɞɵɜɛɚɱɤɟɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɤɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɉɪɢɩɟɪɜɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɨɫɥɟɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɜɨɞɨɣɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ)ɡɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɨɣɢɩɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɩɨɤɚɩɨɝɚɫɧɟɬ
70
RU
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ+Ⱦɟɪɠɚɬɶɧɚɠɚɬɨɣɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ*Ɋɢɫɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪɩɨɤɚɧɟɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɩɚɪɇɚɷɬɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɦɢɧɭɬɚɊɢɫ
Ɋɫɣɪɠɫɝɩɧɪɫɣɧɠɨɠɨɣɣɮɭɹɞɛɝɩɢɧɩɡɨɩɝɶɟɠɦɠɨɣɠɟɶɧɛɸɭɩɝɪɩɦɨɠɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɩɠɺɝɦɠɨɣɠ
ɥɩɭɩɫɩɠɣɬɲɠɢɨɠɭɲɠɫɠɢɥɩɫɩɭɥɣɤɪɫɩɧɠɡɮɭɩɥɝɫɠɧɠɨɣɊɫɣɪɠɫɝɩɧɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɣɮɭɹɞɛɬɦɠ-
ɟɮɠɭɬɨɛɲɛɦɛɪɩɪɫɩɜɩɝɛɭɷɠɞɩɟɠɤɬɭɝɣɠɨɛɥɮɬɥɠɬɭɛɫɩɤɭɥɛɨɣɟɦɺɮɟɛɦɠɨɣɺɝɩɢɧɩɡɨɶɰɩɬɭɛɭ-
ɥɩɝɪɫɩɱɠɬɬɛɪɫɩɣɢɝɩɟɬɭɝɛ
ǰǻǶǺǮǻǶdzȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ɇɟɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɚɪɤɨɝɞɚɭɬɸɝɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɚɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɟ&
ɍɬɸɝɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɪɩɨɦɨɳɢɧɚɫɨɫɚɄɚɠɞɵɣɪɚɡɩɪɢɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶ-
ɤɢɯɫɟɤɭɧɞɫɥɵɲɢɬɫɹɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣɲɭɦɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɹɉɨɫɥɟɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɢɦɨɠɟɬ
ɫɪɚɡɭɠɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɬɶɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɩɚɪɚɗɬɨɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞɜɵɛɪɨɫɩɚɪɚɩɪɢɞɟɬɜɨɛɵɱɧɨɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
Ʉɨɝɞɚɭɬɸɝɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɩɟɪɟɞɝɥɚɠɟɧɢɟɦɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɟ-
ɪɠɚɬɶɟɝɨɜɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɢɜɵɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɩɚɪɚɜɡɟɦɥɸɞɥɹɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɟɝɨɜɵ-
ɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɢɞɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ
DZșȎȔȓțȖȓȟȝȎȞȜȚ
ȼɵɛɪɚɬɶɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɝɥɚɠɟɧɢɹɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ)ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɧɭɜɟɝɨɡɚɩɨɥɨ-
ɠɟɧɢɟɈɛɨɠɞɚɬɶɩɨɤɚɧɟɩɨɝɚɫɧɟɬɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ+ɭɬɸɝɚɉɨɫɥɟɱɟɝɨɭɬɸɝɝɨɬɨɜɤɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ
ɉɪɟɠɞɟɱɟɦɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɩɚɪɧɚɨɞɟɠɞɭɜɵɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɞɜɟɢɥɢɬɪɢɫɬɪɭɢɩɚɪɚɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɩɨɥɚɞɥɹ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɫɬɪɭɢȿɫɥɢɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɩɚɪɚ*ɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɧɚɠɚɬɨɣɨɬɞɨɫɟɤɭɧɞɬɨɦɨɠɧɨɩɨɥɭ-
ɱɢɬɶɫɢɥɶɧɭɸɫɬɪɭɸɩɚɪɚȿɫɥɢɤɧɨɩɤɭɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɩɚɪɚɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɬɫɹȿɫɥɢɤɧɨɩɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɚɪɚ*ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɠɚɬɨɣɛɨɥɟɟɫɟɤɭɧɞɢɡɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣɜɩɨɞɨɲɜɟɭɬɸɝɚɦɨɝɭɬɧɚɱɚɬɶɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ
ɤɚɩɥɢɜɨɞɵɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɧɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɷɬɭɤɧɨɩɤɭɧɚɠɚɬɨɣɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ǻȎȝȜșțȓțȖȓȏȎȘȎȐȝȞȜȤȓȟȟȓȝȞȖȚȓțȓțȖȭ
Ƚɩɝɫɠɧɺɞɦɛɡɥɣɬɦɠɟɮɠɭɪɩɬɭɩɺɨɨɩɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɣɫɩɝɛɭɷɮɫɩɝɠɨɷɝɩɟɶɝɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫɠ
ɉɪɢɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢɜɨɞɵɜɛɚɤɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɹɢɛɨɥɟɟɫɢɥɶɧɵɣɲɭɦɑɬɨɛɵɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɧɭɬɶɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɂɡɜɥɟɱɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɛɚɱɨɤɩɪɹɦɨɢɡɩɨɞɤɪɚɧɚ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɊɢɫ
ǽǾdzDzȁǽǾdzǴDzdzǻǶdzȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȓȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɛɚɤɚɜɨɞɨɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɜɵɧɭɬɶɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɡ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɜɨɞɨɣɞɨɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ
ǰǻǶǺǮǻǶdzȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɚɹɤɚɫɫɟɬɚɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬɡɚɦɟɧɟɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɫɥɢɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɫɹɜɧɟɦɫɦɨɥɵɢɡ-
ɦɟɧɢɥɢɫɜɨɣɰɜɟɬ
ǿȁȃǮȍDZǹǮǴǸǮ
Ⱦɥɹɫɭɯɨɣɝɥɚɠɤɢɬɨɟɫɬɶɛɟɡɩɚɪɚɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɫɟɬɢɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɩɪɨɫɬɨɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨ-
ɜɚɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ)ɧɚɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɧɟɧɚɠɢɦɚɹɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɚ*
ǰǻǶǺǮǻǶdzȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɛɟɡɜɨɞɵɜɛɚɤɟɞɚɠɟɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɫɭɯɨɣɝɥɚɠɤɢɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ
ɧɚɫɨɫ
ǰdzǾȀǶǸǮǹȊǻǮȍDZǹǮǴǸǮ
ɆɨɠɧɨɝɥɚɞɢɬɶɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɫɬɪɭɢɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨɩɚɪɚȾɚɧɧɵɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɝɥɚɠɤɢɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɫɤɥɚɞɨɤɧɚɲɬɨɪɚɯɬɤɚɧɹɯɢɬɩ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ-
71
RU
ɬɭɪɭɝɥɚɠɤɢɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɢ)ɩɨɫɥɟɡɧɚɤɚɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɲɬɨɪɭɢɥɢɬɤɚɧɶɜ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɭɸɜɚɦɢɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɭɸɩɨɡɢɰɢɸɝɥɚɠɤɢɢɧɚɠɚɬɶɧɚɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɚ
ǽǾdzDzȁǽǾdzǴDzdzǻǶdzǼǽǮǿǻǼǿȀȊǼǴǼDZǼǰ
ɇɟɝɥɚɞɢɬɶɬɤɚɧɶɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɞɟɪɠɚɬɞɪɭɝɢɟɥɸɞɢ
ǰȉǯǼǾȀdzǺǽdzǾǮȀȁǾȉDZǹǮǴǸǶǶǿǼǰdzȀȉǽǼǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶȌ
ȁȀȌDZǮ
ǰȩȏȜȞȠȓȚȝȓȞȎȠȡȞȩ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɧɚɬɤɚɧɢɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɢɫɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢɩɨɝɥɚɠɤɟɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ
ɧɢɠɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣɬɚɛɥɢɰɟȿɫɥɢɧɚɬɤɚɧɢɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɚɫɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢɩɨɝɥɚɠɤɟɧɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ
ɬɢɩɬɤɚɧɢɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɜɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɱɬɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɦɵɟɜ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɞɚɧɧɵɟɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɤɬɤɚɧɹɦɧɟɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɵɦɚɩɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ
ɬɤɚɧɢɦɨɠɧɨɝɥɚɞɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɥɟɟɧɢɡɤɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
ɉɪɢɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɩɭɬɟɦɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚɪɭɱɤɢɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ)ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ+ɢɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦɞɨɬɨɝɨɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɩɨɤɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɭɬɸɝɚɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ
ɧɨɜɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɤɝɥɚɠɤɟɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɜɢɯɩɨɬɢɩɚɦɬɤɚɧɢɲɟɪɫɬɶFɲɟɪɫɬɶɸɯɥɨɩɨɤɫɯɥɨɩɤɨɦɢɬɞ
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɧɚɝɪɟɜɩɨɞɨɲɜɵɭɬɸɝɚɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɧɚɦɧɨɝɨɛɵɫɬɪɟɟɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ
ɝɥɚɠɤɭɫɬɤɚɧɟɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɛɨɥɟɟɧɢɡɤɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɱɬɨɛɵɡɚɬɟɦɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɩɟɪɟɣɬɢɤɞɪɭ-
ɝɢɦɬɤɚɧɹɦɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɦɛɨɥɟɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵȿɫɥɢɬɤɚɧɶɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɢɡɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɬɢɩɨɜɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɞɥɹɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɚɦɨɣɧɢɡɤɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɫɥɢɬɤɚɧɶ
ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɢɡɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɨɥɨɤɨɧɢɯɥɨɩɤɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɧɚɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ
ɫɦɬɚɛɥɢɰɭɛɟɡɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɚɪɚɬɨɟɫɬɶɧɚɩɨɡɢɰɢɸɞɥɹɝɥɚɠɤɢɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɤɚɧɟɣ
ɗɬɢɤɟɬɤɚɫɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ
ɞɥɹɝɥɚɠɤɢɧɚɬɤɚɧɢ
Ɍɢɩɬɤɚɧɢ Ɍɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬ
ɋɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɬɤɚɧɢ
Ⱥɰɟɬɚɬ
Ⱥɤɪɢɥ
ȼɢɫɤɨɡɚ
ɉɨɥɢɚɦɢɞɧɟɣɥɨɧ
ȼɢɫɤɨɡɚɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɲɟɥɤ
ɒɟɥɤ
•
ɒɟɪɫɬɶ ••
ɏɥɨɩɨɤ
Ʌɟɧ •••
ɋɢɦɜɨɥɧɚɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɟɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ³ɇɟɝɥɚɞɢɬɶ´
ȿɫɥɢɜɚɦɧɟɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɬɤɚɧɢɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɣɝɥɚɠɤɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɧɚɱɚɥɚɩɪɨɝɥɚɞɢɬɶɧɟɜɢɞɢɦɭɸ
ɱɚɫɬɶɬɤɚɧɢɉɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɨɝɥɚɞɢɬɶɜɷɬɨɦɦɟɫɬɟɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶɛɨɥɟɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɭɸɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɧɟ-
ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɫɟɝɞɚɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶɫɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɧɢɡɤɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɹɟɟɞɨɧɟɨɛɯɨ-
ɞɢɦɨɣɑɢɫɬɨɲɟɪɫɬɹɧɵɟɬɤɚɧɢɦɨɠɧɨɝɥɚɞɢɬɶɭɬɸɝɨɦɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɧɚɨɞɧɭɢɡɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ
ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɩɚɪɚɑɬɨɛɵɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɥɟɫɤɚɧɚɱɢɫɬɨɲɟɪɫɬɹɧɵɯɲɟɥɤɨɜɵɯɢɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɤɚ-
ɧɹɯɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɥɚɞɢɬɶɢɯɫɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɉɨɷɬɨɣɠɟɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɬɤɚɧɢɜɱɚɫɬ-
ɧɨɫɬɢɛɚɪɯɚɬɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɥɚɞɢɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɦɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɱɟɪɟɡɬɤɚɧɶɥɟɝɤɢɦɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦɭɬɸɝɚ
ɉɪɢɝɥɚɠɤɟɭɬɸɝɞɨɥɠɟɧɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɫɹɩɨɬɤɚɧɢ
72
RU
ǽǼǿǹdzDZǹǮǴǸǶ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ)ɧɚɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ0,1Ɉɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɬɨɤɚ
ɉɬɭɛɝɣɭɷɮɭɹɞɩɰɦɛɡɟɛɭɷɬɺɨɛɬɪɠɱɣɛɦɷɨɩɤɪɩɟɬɭɛɝɥɠɣɢɛɭɠɧɠɞɩɮɜɫɛɭɷɬɭɛɫɛɺɬɷɨɠɟɩɪɮ-
ɬɥɛɭɷɥɩɨɭɛɥɭɛɳɨɮɫɛɸɦɠɥɭɫɩɪɣɭɛɨɣɺɣɬɩɠɟɣɨɣɭɠɦɷɨɩɞɩɥɛɜɠɦɺɬɨɛɞɫɠɭɶɧɣɲɛɬɭɺɧɣɮɭɹɞɛ
ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɜɵɥɢɬɶɜɨɞɭɢɡɛɚɱɤɚɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɢɡɛɟɝɚɹɨɬɫɬɨɹɜɨɞɵɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɦɨɠɟɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɧɚɤɢɩɢɊɢɫɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɢɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɟɝɨɜɧɟɞɨ-
ɫɹɝɚɟɦɨɫɬɢɞɟɬɟɣ
ǼȅǶǿȀǸǮǶȀdzȃǼǯǿǹȁǴǶǰǮǻǶdz
ǽǾdzDzȁǽǾdzǴDzdzǻǶdzȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɉɟɪɟɞɨɱɢɫɬɤɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɟɝɨɨɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɢɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɭɬɸɝɧɚɫɩɟɰɢ-
ɚɥɶɧɭɸɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɞɥɹɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ǽǾdzDzȁǽǾdzǴDzdzǻǶdzȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȓȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɥɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ǰǻǶǺǮǻǶdzȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨ-
ɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɭɬɸɝɜɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɞɥɹɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɟɝɨɩɪɨ-
ɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȝȜȒȜȦȐȩ
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɶɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɫɩɨɞɨɲɜɵɭɬɸɝɚɦɨɠɧɨɫɚɥɮɟɬɤɨɣɩɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɧɨɣɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦɜɨɞɵɢɭɤɫɭɫɚɈɫɭ-
ɲɢɬɶɩɨɞɨɲɜɭɫɭɯɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸ
ǰǻǶǺǮǻǶdzȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ɇɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɥɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɨɞɨɲɜɵɋɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɞɨɲɜɚ
ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɚɫɶɝɥɚɞɤɨɣɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ
ǼȥȖȧȓțȖȓȏȎȘȎ
ȼɪɟɦɹɨɬɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɛɚɤɚɢɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɟɝɨɫɜɟɠɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɉɪɨɦɵɬɶɢɜɵɥɢɬɶ3ɢɫ
ǰǻǶǺǮǻǶdzȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɥɢɜɚɬɶɜɛɚɱɨɤɭɤɫɭɫɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɜ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȡȠȬȑȎ
ɉɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɱɢɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɫɚɥɮɟɬɤɢɩɨɫɥɟɱɟɝɨɩɪɨ-
ɬɟɪɟɬɶɫɭɯɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸ
ɊɋɃɇɀɒȻɈɃɚɌɲɣɭɛɠɭɬɺɬɩɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɩɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɶɧɲɭɩɪɩɬɦɠɭɩɞɩɥɛɥɮɭɹɞɨɠɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɦɬɺɝ
ɭɠɲɠɨɣɠɩɪɫɠɟɠɦɠɨɨɩɞɩɝɫɠɧɠɨɣɪɦɛɬɭɧɛɬɬɩɝɶɠɟɠɭɛɦɣɧɩɞɮɭɣɢɧɠɨɺɭɷɬɝɩɤɱɝɠɭɣɣɦɣɡɠɦ-
ɭɠɭɷ
73
AR
ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ ﺔّﻴﻤﺤﻣو ،ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ
يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻠﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳاو صﺮﺤﺑ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ةءاﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
هﺬﻫ ﻖﻓرأ .ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌا ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻼﻟ ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا .راﴐﻷاو ثداﻮﺤﻟا عﻮﻗو ﻊﻨﳌ ،ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ
.ﻐﻠﻟ ﻪﺋاﺪﻫإ وأ ﻪﻌﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا
:ّﺒﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا زﻮﻣﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻤّﻠﻌﻣ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا
تﺎﺑﺎﺻﻹ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ ﺮﻄﺧ
ةﻄﺧ تﺎﺑﺎﺻإ عﻮﻗو ﻦﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا رﺬﺤﻳ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻌﺼﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
ةﻄﺧ ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ وأ تﺎﺑﺎﺻإ عﻮﻗو ﻦﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا رﺬﺤﻳ
قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻔﻴﻔﻃ تﺎﺑﺎﺻإ عﻮﻗو ﻦﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا رﺬﺤﻳ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ضﺮﻐﻟا
ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا عﺎﺒﺗا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ،ﺔﺸﻤﻗﻷاو ﺮﺋﺎﺘﺴﻟاو ﺲﺑﻼﳌا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻧ يأ ّﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻢﻜﻨﻜ
ﲆﻋ ﺔﺸﻤﻗﻷا ّﺑ ﺢﺼﻨُﻳ .ﺔﻳدﻮﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﰲ ﻰﺘﺣو رﺎﺨﺒﻟﺎﺑ وأ ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻟا ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ءاﻮﺳو ،تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا
.ﺎﻬّﻴﻛ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺲﺑﻼﳌا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﻴﻐﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻣأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ةاﻮﻜﳌا وأ ﺔﺸﻤﻗﻷا ءاﻮﺳ دﺎﻨﺳﺈﺑ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ،ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺢﻄﺳ
.ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻣ وأ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺻ ضاﺮﻏﻷ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﱄﺰﻨﳌا لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﻤﺼﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ
ضاﺮﻏﻷ وأ ﺊﻃﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻧ يأ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ
.ﺎﻬﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ ﻲﺘﻟا ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ
.ﺎﻬﺘﻐﻴﺻ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻬﻣ ،نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﻖﺋﻻ ﻐﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا يدﺆﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز
ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا
!قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣإ ﻦﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﻻ ،ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟا اﺬﻫ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻳ يﺬﻟا زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺸﻧﻹا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﳌا
ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز .ﻪﺋﺎﻔﻃإ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﲇﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا لﻼﺧ وأ لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءاﻮﺳ ةاﻮﻜﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺼﻟا ﺔﺴﻣﻼﻣ
تﺎﻧاﻮﻴﺣ هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ وأ ﻢﺴﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ مﺪﻋو ،رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻄﻴﺤﻟا ﺬﺧأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ
.ﺔﻴﻟﺰﻨﻣ
تﺎﺑﺎﺻﻹ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ - ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
ﻦﻋ ًاﺪﻴﻌﺑ صﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑو ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﻊﺿ ،ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳو ،ةاﻮﻜﳌا ءﺎﻔﻃإ ﺪﻨﻋ
.دﱪﺗ ﻟ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا لوﺎﻨﺘﻣ
نﺎﻣﻷا تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا صﺮﺤﺑ أﺮﻗا
.ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻣ وأ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺻ ضاﺮﻏﻷ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﱄﺰﻨﳌا لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﻤﺼﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ •
وأ ﺊﻃﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺐﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ضاﺮﻏﻷ
ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟا ﺐﻄﻌﻟا ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺠﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا نﻷ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮ ظﺎﻔﺘﺣﻻا ﺢﺼﻨﻳ •
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.ﺺّﺧﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﱃإ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻘﺋﻻ ﻏ داﻮ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ فاﴍﻹا ﻢﺗ اذإ ﻂﻘﻓ ،تاﻮﻨﺳ ٨ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ لﺎﻔﻃأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ
•
ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻋﻼﻃاو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﺒﻳرﺪﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ
.
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا
ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﻞﻘﺗ دﻻوأ ﺎﻬﺑ مﻮﻘﻳ ﻻ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا مﺎﻬﻣ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺄﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا لﻋأ •
لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ حﺴﻟا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻄﻳﴍو ،تاﻮﻨﺳ ٨ ﻦﻋ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺐﻌﻠﻟﺎﺑ
.تاﻮﻨﺳ ٨ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﻞﻘﺗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﻦﻋ ًاﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻆﻔﺣ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﻷ ،لﺎﻔﻃﻷا لوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﰲ ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
ﻞﺒﻛ ﺺﻗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﻊﻨﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺎﻬﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ •
ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا
.ﻪﺑ ﺐﻌﻠﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻌﺻ - ﺮﻄﺧ
وأ ﺔﻴ ّ
ﺴﺤﻟا وأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا ﻢﻫاﻮﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ نﻮﻜﻠ ﻻ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺎﺗ صﺎﺨﺷﻷا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ •
لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻤﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻄﻴﻳﴍ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟا
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺿﺮﻌﳌا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا اﻮﻛردأو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
. •
عﻮﻗو ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ،ﺔﻌﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺼﺧّﺮﻣ ﻐﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا تﻼﺻﻮﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا •
.ثداﻮﺣو راﴐأ
.ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ وأ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ يﺄﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ،ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا •
ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺻو ﻞﺒﻗ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟ
.ضّرﺆﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺬﺧﺄ ﺎاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺻوأ •
.ىﺮﺧأ ﻞﺋاﻮﺳ ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ •
.ﻣﺪﻘﻟا ﰲﺎﺣ ﺖﻨﻛ اذإ وأ نﺎﺘﻟﻮﻠﺒﻣ كاﺪﻳ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ اذإ ّﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ أﺪﺒﺗ ﻻ •
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ دﻮﻌﺗ رﺎﻄﺧأ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺻو ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺒﻗاﺮﻣ نوﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ
•
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﻲﻘﻓأ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ •
ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﺗ يﺬﻟا ﺢﻄﺴﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ .ﺎﻬﺑ صﺎﺨﻟا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺔﺣاﺮﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﻊﺿو ﺐﺠﻳ •
.ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ّﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣ ةاﻮﻜﳌا
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﱃإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟا ﻞﻬﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺚﻴﺤﺑو ،ﻒﻴﻈﻧو ﰲﺎﻜﻟا رﺪﻘﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﻀﻣ نﺎﻜﻣ رﺎﺘﺧا •
.ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﰲ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻌﺷأ •
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﻞﺒﻗ ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻸﻣا •
75
AR
.ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ •
نﻷ ﻖﻠﻘﻟا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲو ;ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﻋ نﺎﺧﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ةاﻮﻜﳌا رﺪﺼُﺗ •
ﻲﻬﻓ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ةاﻮﻜﳌا ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﲆﻋ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﻢﺤﺸﻟا ﱃإ ﺎﻬﺗاذ ﺪﺤﺑ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻧو ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ةﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟا هﺬﻫ
.ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ لوﺰﺗ
صﺎﺨﻟا يدﺎﻨﺘﺳﻻا ﻚﺒﺸﻟا ﲆﻋ ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﺎاد ﻊﺿ ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺼﻗ ةﱰﻔﻟ ﻮﻟو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻋ كدﺎﻌﺘﺑا ﺪﻨﻋ •
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ﺎاد ﻞﺼﻓاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻃأ ﻢﺛ ،ﺎﻬﺑ
ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺼﻳ نأ ﻞﺒﻗ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ ،رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا جوﺮﺧ ﻦﻜ •
.ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳ ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﺢﺒﺼﺗ نأ ﻞﺒﻗ وأ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا
ءﺎﳌا بّﴪﺗ وأ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻒﻠﺗ تﺎﻣﻼﻋ رﻮﻬﻇو ضرﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻪﻃﻮﻘﺳ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.ﻒﻠﺘﻣ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ وأ نﺎﻔﻠﺘﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا وأ ﻞﺒﻜﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﻪﻨﻣ
ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ ،حﻼﺻﻹا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ
يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻟﻮﺨﻣ ءاﱪﺧ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ Ariete ﺔﻛﴩﻟ ﻊﺑﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا
.ﺮﻄﺧ
قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
.ﺎﻬﻳﺪﺗﺮﻣ ﺖﻧأو ﺲﺑﻼﳌا ّ ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ لوﺎﺤﺗ ﻻ •
.قاﱰﺣﻻا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ،ﻪﺋﺎﻔﻃإ ﻦﻣ ةﺼﻗ ةﱰﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ وأ ﻞﻌﺸﻣ ﻮﻫو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺔﻔﻴﻟأ تﺎﻧاﻮﻴﺣ هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ وأ ﻢﺴﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﳌا رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻪّﺟﻮﺗ ﻻ •
ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺪﻨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ٩٠ ﻦﻋ ﻞﻘﺗ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ةراﺮﺣ تﺎﺟرد ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻳ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ •
.ﺔﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺢﻄﺳأ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﻳﺤﻟا داﻮﻣ وأ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻘﺼﻠﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا تﺎﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﺪﻌﺑأ ،ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ •
.ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺻ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎاد ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّ
ﻚِﻓ •
.ﻒﻠﺘﻟا ﱃإ ﺔﺨﻀﳌا ضﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻣ ًﺎﻓﻮﺧ ،ءﺎﻣ نوﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﺗ هﺎﻴﳌا ﺖﻧﺎﻛ اذإ .(ﻦﻧﻮﺑﺮﻜﻟا ﺪﻴﺴﻛأ ﺎﺛ ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ فﺎﻀﻣ) ﺔﻳزﺎﻏ هﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
.ندﺎﻌﳌا ﺎﻬﻨﻣ عوﺰﻨﻣ هﺎﻴﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ
مﺪﻋ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﺐﺠﻳ ﻛ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﲆﻋ وأ ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳ ﻲﻫو ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ •
.ةرﺎﺤﻟا ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺼﻠﻟ ﻬﺘﺴﻣﻼﻣ
.ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّﺪﺷ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻔﺗ ﻻ •
ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻦﻜ ،ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ دوﺮُﺑو ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺲﺑﺎﻗ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ •
نأ ﻦﻜ تﺎﺒﻳﺬﻣ ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻼﻴﻠﻗ ﺔﺒﻃﺮﻣو ﺔﻨﺸﺧ ﻏ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
.ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ يدﺆﺗ
ًارﻮﻓ يدﺆﻳ ﻚﻟذ نﻷ ;ﻄﻌﺘﻠﻟ ىﺮﺧأ ﴏﺎﻨﻋ وأ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ داﻮﻣ وأ ّﻞﺧ ناّﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ •
.نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ
.ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳ ﻲﻫو ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺻ لﻮﺣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّ
ﻒﻠﺗ ﻻ •
76
AR
.ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ قﻮﻓ ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺻ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ •
ﻞﺼﻓأ .MIN دﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﲆﻋ تﺎﺘﺳﻮﻣﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ﻊﺿ دﺪﺤﳌا ﻪﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻆﻔﺣ ﻞﺒﻗ •
.ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ هاﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻏّﺮﻓ ﻢﺛ ،ناﺰﺨﻟا دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺎاد
.(…ﺎﻫﻏو ﺲﻤﺸﻟاو ﺮﻄﳌا) ﺔﻳﻮﺠﻟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺺﻨﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣو ،ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ •
.ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﳌاو ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا ةءاﺮﻗ ﻰﺟﺮﻳ ، CE/١٩/٢٠١٢
.تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا هﺬﻬﺑ ﺎاد ﻆﻔﺘﺣا •
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا/ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻞﺒﻛ - I ﺐﺤﺴﻠﻟ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ءﺎﻣ ناﺰﺧ - A
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻘﻨﻟ ﺾﺒﻘﻣ - J ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺪﺿ ﺔﺷﻮﻃﺮﺧ - B
ﺾﻘﳌا قﺎﺘﻋإ رارزأ - K ةاﻮﻜﳌا دﺎﻨﺳ - C
ﺲﺑﺎﻗو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ - L ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺻ - D
ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّ
ﻒﻟ ةﺮﻜﺑ - M ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﻀﻟ ﻊﺟاﺮﻣ - E
ناّﺰﺨﻟا ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺘﻟ ﻚﺒﺸﻣ - N يراﺮﺤﻟا ﻂﺒﻀﻟا ﺾﺒﻘﻣ - F
ناﺰﺨﻟا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرِز - O رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز - G
ةاﻮﻜﳌا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﺔﺒﻗاﺮﳌ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﺿ ةرﺎﺷإ - H
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺻ ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﻳﺤﻟا داﻮﻣ وأ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻘﺼﻠﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا تﺎﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﺪﻌﺑأ ،ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ
.ةاﻮﻜﳌا
هّﺮﻘﻣ ﱃإ ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﺪﻋأ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻘﻧ ﺪﻌﺑ .(X ﻞﻜﺷ) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻘﻨﻟ (X) ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻲﻘﻓأ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ
.(X ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺐﻧاﻮﺠﻟا ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا (X) رارزﻷا ﲆﻋ ناوﻷا ﺲﻔﻨﺑ ﻂﻐﺿا ،ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﻊﻓرو قﺎﺘﻋﻹ .(X ﻞﻜﺷ)
ءﺎﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻤﻌﺗ .ﻪﺼﺤﻓ ﻢﺗ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻴﻟد ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺔﺑﻮﻃﺮﻟا وأ تﺎﻔّﺜﻜﳌا وأ ءﺎﳌا دﻮﺟو ﻞﻜﺸﻳ
.ﺔﻳدﺎﻌﻟا ﺔﻴﻔﻨﺤﻟا
ﻦﻜ ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ءﺎﻨﺑو ،ةاﻮﻜﻤﻠﻟ ةرﺎﻀﻟا ﴏﺎﻨﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ هﺎﻴﳌا ﺔﻴﻘﻨﺗ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻠﻟ ﺔﻣوﺎﻘﳌا ﺔﺷﻮﻃﺮﺨﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺗ
ﻞﻗأ ةﱰﻓ ﻞﺒﻗ وأ رﻮﻬﺷ ٣ ﻞﻛ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻠﻟ ﺔﻣوﺎﻘﳌا ﺔﺷﻮﻃﺮﺨﻟا لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺐﺠﻳ .ﻟا ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻔﻨﺤﻟا ءﺎﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا
.ﺔﺼّﺧﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ وأ ﻊﻴﺒﻟا ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﰲ لاﺪﺒﺘﺳﻻا ﺶﻴﻃاﺮﺧ ﺮﻓﻮﺘﺗ .ًاﺪﺟ ﴪﻋ ﺔﻴﻔﻨﺤﻟا ءﺎﻣ نﺎﻛ اذإ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻌﺻ - ﺮﻄﺧ
.ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ ﻞﺒﻗ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻦﻋ لﻮﺼﻔﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ
ﺔﻣوﺎﻘﳌا ﺔﺷﻮﻃﺮﺨﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ .(X ﻞﻜﺷ) ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا ﻢﺛ ،ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﺖﺤﺗ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا (X) قﺎﺘﻋﻹا ﺔﻌﻓار ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
MAX ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻸﻣا .(X ﻞﻜﺷ) ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻦﻣ (X) ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻠﻟ
.(X ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻠﻟ ﺔﻣوﺎﻘﳌا ﺔﺷﻮﻃﺮﺨﻟا ﻞﺧدأ .(X ﻞﻜﺷ)
.ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﻳ ىﻮﺘﺴ ناﺰﺨﻟا ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻸ ﻻ
.ﺔﺷﻮﻃﺮﺨﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ندﺎﻌﳌا ﺎﻬﻨﻣ عوﺰﻨﻣ هﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
77
AR
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ ًارﻮﻓ يدﺆﻳ ﻚﻟذ نﻷ ;(ﺎﻫﻏو رﻮﻄﻌﻟا وأ ﺎﺸﻨﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ) يوﻴﻛ ﴫﻨﻋ وأ فﺎﻀﻣ يأ ﻒﻴﻀﺗ ﻻ
.نﻀﻟا
ﺪﺤﺑ لﺪﺗ ﺔّﻘﻃ عﺳو ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا لﺎﺧدإ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻰﺘﺣ ﻂﻐﺿا .(X ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
.ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﺗاذ
ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﺎﻌﺷإ
.ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﻚﻓ .ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﰲﺎﻛ ءﺎﻣ دﻮﺟو ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﺎﻌﺷإ ﻞﺒﻗ
ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣ ﱃإ (X) ﺔﻀﺒﻘﻟا ﻊﺿ ،ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺊﻠﻣ ﺪﻌﺑو ،ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﻋ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺻوأ
رﺎﺨﺑ رﺪﺼﻳ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ X ﻞﻜﺷ ،(X) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا .(X) ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﺄﻔﻄﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧاو (•••) ﺰﻣﺮﻟا
.X ﻞﻜﺷ (رﺎﻈﺘﻧﻻا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد ﱃإ ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ جﺎﺘﺤﺗ) ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﻦﻋ
هﺬﻫ نﻷ ،ﻖﻠﻘﻟا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲو :،نﺎﺧﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ رﺪﺼﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ ةاﻮﻜﳌا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﻋ
شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﲆﻋ ﻻوأ ﺎﻬﺑﺮﺟ ،ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ ةاﻮﻜﳌا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﻋ .ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ اﺪﺟ ةﺼﻗ ةﱰﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ لوﺰﺗو ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ةﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟا
.ﻊﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﺪﻗ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.(X) ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﲆﻋ ةﺎﻘﻠﻣ ةاﻮﻜﳌا نﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جﺮﺨﺗ ﻻ
ﺎﻬﻨﻋ رﺪﺼﻳو ،ءﺎﳌا ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﻳ ةﺮﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ اﻮﺜﻟا ﺾﻌﺑ ﺦﻀﺗ ﺔﺨﻀﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ًﺎﻴﻜﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺗ نﻵا ﻢﺘﻳ
هﺬﻫو .رﺎﺨﺒﻟا روﺪﺻ ﻞﻘﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ةﴍﺎﺒﻣ زاﺰﺘﻫﻻا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻌﺑ .ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻋ ﺞﺗﺎﻧ (تازاﺰﺘﻫا) يدﺎﻋ ﺞﻴﺠﺿ
.اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻟا ﱃإ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ دﻮﻌﻳ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا نﻷ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ةﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟا
راﺪﺻإو ﺔﻴﻘﻓأ ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﻦﻤﺿ ﺎﻬﻌﺿو ّﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺢﺼﻨُﻳ ،لﻌﺘﺳا نوﺪﺑ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﺖﻴﻘﺑ اذإ
.تﺎﻔّﺜﻜﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﺲﻔﻨﺑو ،ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﻘﺘﺴﺗ ﻟ ،ضرﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ تﺎﻌﻓد
رﺎﺨﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﻟا
ﺄﻔﻄﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .(•••) ﺰﻣﺮﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﲆﻋ (X) تﺎﺘﺳﻮﻣﺜﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ّﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿا
،ﺎﻬّﻴﻛ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺔﻌﻄﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺒﻗ .لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ةﺰﻫﺎﺟ نﻵا ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﺖﺤﺒﺻأ .ةاﻮﻜﻤﻠﻟ (X) ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا
(X) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻘﺘﺴﻳ ﻟ ضرﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ تاﺮﻣ ةﺪﻌﻟو رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ جﺮﺧأ
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ (X) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ .ّرﺰﻟا ءﺎﺧرإ ﺪﻨﻋ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻳ .يﻮﻗ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻳ ،اﻮﺛ ٥ ﱃإ ٣ ﻦﻣ
ﻻ ،ﻚﻟﺬﻟ .ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺻ ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا رﺎﺨﺒﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻣ تاﺮﻄﻗ جﺮﺨﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ ٣٠ ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ ةﺪﳌ ﻞﺻاﻮﺘﻣ
.ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ (X) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز ﻂﻐﻀﺗ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺊﻠﻣ
.ّ
ﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺧاد ءﺎﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ًﺎاد ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
ءﺎﻔﻃﻹ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ .يﻮﻗ ﺞﻴﺠﻀﺑو زاﺰﺘﻫﺎﺑ سﺎﺴﺣﻹا ﻢﺘﻳ ،ءﺎﻣ نوﺪﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻲﻘﺑ اذإ
.(Xﻞﻜﺷ) جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﻔﻨﺤﻟا ﺖﺤﺗ ةﴍﺎﺒﻣ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻸﻣا .ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻌﺻ - ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺊﻠﻣإ .ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناّﺰﺨﻟا ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺘﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا ﻢﺛ ،ﺎاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻃأ
.MAX ةرﺎﺒﻌﺑ ﺒﳌا ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺎﻬﻠﺧاﺪﺑ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺞﻨﺗاﺮﻟا نﻮﻟ ًﺎﻴﻠﻛ ﻐﺘﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﺔﺷﻮﻃﺮﺧ لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺐﺠﻳ
78
AR
ﺔّﻓﺎﺠﻟا ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﻟا
تﺎﺘﺳﻮﻣﺜﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻲﻔﻜﻳ ،رﺎﺨﺑ نوﺪﺑ يأ ،ﺔّﻓﺎﺠﻟا ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﺲﺑﻼﳌا ّﻟ
.(X) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا رز ﻂﻐﺿ نوﺪﺑو ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﲆﻋ (X)
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﺨﻀﳌا ضﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ،ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻟا ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺎﺑ ّﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ﻰﺘﺣو ،ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﻣ دﻮﺟو نوﺪﺑ ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
.ﻒﻠﺘﻟا ﱃإ
يدﻮﻤﻋ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻟا
ﻦﻣ ّﻟا ﻦﻣ صﺎﺨﻟا ءاﺮﺟﻹا اﺬﻫ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ .يدﻮﻤﻋ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﺸﻤﻗﻷا ﻟ راﺮﻤﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﳌا رﺎﺨﺒﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻢﻜﻨﻜ
ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﲆﻋ (X) ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ّﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿا
.ﺎﻫﻏو ﺔﺸﻤﻗﻷا ﻦﻋو ﺮﺋﺎﺘﺴﻟا ﻦﻋ تﺎﻴﻨﺜﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﻞﺟأ
ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ﻢﺛ ،يدﻮﻤﻋ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻬّﻴﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻤﺴﺘﻳ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ،شﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ وأ ةرﺎﺘﺴﻟا ﻊﺿ .
(•••) ﺰﻣﺮﻟا زوﺎﺠﺘﻳ
.رﺎﺨﺒﻟا
قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
.ﻦﻳﺮﺧآ صﺎﺨﺷأ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﺤﺑ مﻮﻘﻳ ﺔﺸﻤﻗأ يﻮﻜﺗ ﻻ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻧو ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد رﺎﻴﺘﺧا
ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد رﺎﻴﺘﺧا
نرﺎﻗ ﻢﺛ ،ّﻟا ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ لﻮﺣ تادﺎﺷرإ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺲﺑﻼﳌا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ اذإ ﻴﻓ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ ،ءﳾ ﻞﻛ ﻞﺒﻗ
ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻻ ﺲﺑﻼﳌا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ اذإ .ﻖﺣﻼﻟا لوﺪﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﻊﻣ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﲆﻋ هﺪﺠﺗ يﺬﻟا ﺰﻣﺮﻟا
ﻌﺑ ﺬﺧﻷا ﺐﺠﻳ .لوﺪﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا عﺎﺒﺗا ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺐﺠﻳ ،شﻘﻟا عﻮﻧ فﺮﻌﺗ ﻚﻨﻜﻟو ،تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ
ﺎﻣ وأ ﺎﺸﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺞﻟﺎﻌﻣ ﺞﻴﺴﻨﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﻪﻬﺑﺎﺷ ﺎﻣ وأ ﺎﺸﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﳌا ﻐﻟا ﺔﺠﺴﻧﻷﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ لوﺪﺠﻟا نأ رﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻا
.ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻣ ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرﺪﺑ ﻪﻴﻛ ﺐﺠﻳ ﻪﻬﺑﺎﺷ
ﻞﺼﺗ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ﻞﻌﺸﻣ ﻰﻘﺒﻳو ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا ءﴤﻳ ،(X) تﺎﺘﺳﻮﻣﺜﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ﻒﻟ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻴﻐﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ
.ةﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ ةاﻮﻜﳌا
.ﺎﻫﻏو ﻦﻄﻗ ﻊﻣ ﻦﻄﻗو فﻮﺻ ﻊﻣ فﻮﺻ :شﻘﻟا عﻮﻧ ﲆﻋ ءﺎﻨﺑ ﺎﻬّﻴﻛ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺲﺑﻼﳌا زﺮﻓا
تﺎﺟرد ﱃإ جﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺲﺑﻼﳌا ﻊﻄﻘﺑ ّﻟا ءﺪﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ﺎﻫﺪﻳﱪﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗأ ﺖﻗو ﱃإ جﺎﺘﺤﻳ ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺻ ﺨﺴﺗ نأ ﺎ
ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ اذإ .ﲆﻋأ ةراﺮﺣ تﺎﺟرد ﱃإ ﺎﻴﺠﻳرﺪﺗ جﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺲﺑﻼﳌا ﻊﻄﻗ ﱃإ لﺎﻘﺘﻧﻻا ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻣو ،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ةراﺮﺣ
ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا فﺎﻴﻟﻷا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺼﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺐﺠﻳ ،فﺎﻴﻟﻷا ﻦﻣ ﺞﻳﺰﻣ ﻦﻣ عﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﺲﺑﻼﳌا
هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ٪ ٣٠ و ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﻄﺻﻻا فﺎﻴﻟﻷا ﻦﻣ ٪٧٠ ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﻣ شﻘﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ ،لﺎﺜﳌا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﲆﻋ .ﻞﻗأ ةراﺮﺣ
.ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﻄﺻﻻا ﺔﺸﻤﻗﻷﺎﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻴﻌﺿﻮﻟا يأ ،رﺎﺨﺑ نوﺪﺑ (لوﺪﺠﻟا ﻊﺟار) (•) ﺔﻴﻌﺿﻮﻟا ﲆﻋ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا
تﺎﺘﺳﻮﻣﺜﻟا شﻘﻟا عﻮﻧ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ
ﺔﺸﻤﻗﻷا ﻊﻄﻗ ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌاو ّﻟا
•
:ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﻄﺻا ﺔﺸﻤﻗأ
تﺎﺘﻴﺳأ
ﻚﻴﻠﻳﺮﻛأ
زﻮﻜﺴﻓ
(نﻮﻠﻳﺎﻧ) ﺪﻴﻣﺎﻴﻟﻮﺑ
(نﻮﻳار) زﻮﻜﺴﻓ
ﺮﻳﺮﺣ
79
AR
•• فﻮﺻ
••• ﻦﻄﻗ
نﺎّﺘﻛ
تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﲆﻋ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺰﻣﺮﻟا اﺬﻫ لﺪﻳ
ﺲﺑﻼﳌا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ّ مﺪﻋ ﲆﻋ
ﻦﻣ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻞﻤﻋا ﻢﺛ .،ﺔﻌﻄﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺮﻣ ﻏ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺑا ،ﺎﻬّﻴﻛ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺔﻌﻄﻘﻟا شﻗ ﺔﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ فﺮﻌﺗ ﻻ ﺖﻨﻛ اذإ
ﺎﻴﺠﻳرﺪﺗ ﺎﻫدز ﻢﺛ ،ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻣ ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرﺪﺑ ﺎاد أﺪﺑا) ﺔﻌﻄﻘﻟا ّﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد دﺪﺣو ﺔﻄﻘﻨﻟا هﺬﻫ لﻼﺧ
ّﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ .رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺎﻀﻳأ (٪١٠٠) فﻮﺼﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﳌا ﻊﻄﻘﻟا ّ ﻦﻜ .(ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ ﻞﺼﺗ نأ ﱃإ
.ﻊﻣﻻ شﻘﻟا ﺢﻄﺳ ﺢﺒﺼﻳ نأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ،ﺔﺴﻛﺎﻌﳌا ﺔﻬﺠﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﻄﺻﻻا داﻮﳌاو ﺮﻳﺮﺤﻟاو فﻮﺼﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﳌا ﺲﺑﻼﳌا
(ﺎﻬﻗﻮﻓ شﻗ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻊﺿو ﻊﻣ) ﺪﺣاو هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﺎﻬّﻴﻛ ﺐﺠﻴﻓ ،ﻞﻤﺨﳌا صﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑو ،شﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ىﺮﺧﻷا عاﻮﻧﻷا صﻮﺼﺨﺑ ﺎﻣأ
بﻮﻠﻄﳌا شﻘﻟا قﻮﻓ ﺎﻬﻌﺿو ﺪﻨﻋ راﺮﻤﺘﺳﺎﺑ ةاﻮﻜﳌا كﺮﺤﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﺔﻌﻣﻻ ﺢﺒﺼﺗ نأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻂﻐﻀﻟاو
.ﻪّﻴﻛ
ّ
ﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻌﺑ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﻞﺼﻓأ .“MIN” دﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﲆﻋ(X) ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ﻊﺿ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺔﺴﻣﻼﻣ مﺪﻋ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻆﻔﺣا ﻢﺛ ،ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا دﺎﻨﺘﺳﻻا ﺔﻜﺒﺷ ﲆﻋ دﱪﺗ ةاﻮﻜﳌا كﺮﺗأ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ةرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻸﻟ
ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ .(X ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﺑ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻛ تﺎﺒﺳﺮﺗ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ،ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ناّﺰﺨﻟا غّﺮﻓ
.لﺎﻔﻃﻷا لوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺪﻴﻌﺑو
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا
قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
ﱃإ ﻪﺑ صﺎﺨﻟا دﺎﻨﺘﺳﻻا ﻚﺒﺷ ﲆﻋ ﻪﻛﺮﺗا ﻢﺛ ، ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻦﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ ،ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ
.دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻌﺻ - ﺮﻄﺧ
.ىﺮﺧﻷا ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺬﺧأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻪﻔﻠﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲو ،ﺎﻬﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ةاﻮﻜﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا لاﺪﺒﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺺﺘﺨﳌا ﻲﻨﻔﻟا مﻮﻘﻳ ﻟ ﺺّﺧﺮﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ بﺮﻗأ ﱃإ ةاﻮﻜﳌا
ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺼﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
ﻦﻣ ﺎاد ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺼﻟا ﻒّﻔﺟ .ّﻞﺨﻟاو ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻟﻮﻠﺒﻣ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺻ ﲆﻋ ﺔﺒﺳﱰﳌا داﻮﳌا ﺔﻟازإ ﻦﻜ
.ﺔّﻓﺎﺟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺎﻬﺘﺴﻣﻼﻣ مﺪﻋ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ :ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺼﻟا ﺔﺳﻼﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻆﻓﺎﺣ .ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺻ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ داﻮﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
.ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﻣ ءﺎﻴﺷﻷ
ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.(X ﻞﻜﺷ) ءﺎﳌا ىﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻏّﺮﻓ ﻢﺛ ﻪﻔﻄﺷأ .جزﺎﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺮﺧﻵاو ﺤﻟا ﺑ ءﺎﳌا ناﺰﺧ ﻞﺧاد ﻒّﻈﻧ
80
AR
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ ًارﻮﻓ يدﺆﻳ ﻚﻟذ نﻷ ;ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺧاد ىﺮﺧأ تﺎﻓﺎﻀﻣ وأ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ داﻮﻣ وأ ّﻞﺧ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
.نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ
ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺔّﻓﺎﺟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻔﻔﺟ ﻢﺛ ،ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏو ﺔﺒﻃر ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒّﻈﻧ
/و ةاﻮﻜﻤﻠﻟ ﺾﻴﺑﻷا ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا نﻮﻟ ﻐﺘﻳ نأ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ﻦﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ةراﺮﺣ تﺎﺟرد ﻦﻤﺿ لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻦﻣ ةﱰﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ :ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ
.راﺮﻔﺻﻻا ﱃإ ﻪﻧﻮﻟ ﻞﻴ وأ