Ariete ARI-4167 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for ARI-4167 by Ariete which is a product in the Garment Steamers category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
COD. 5075101800 REV. 0 del 11/07/2016
MOD. 4167
827070
De’ Longhi Appliances Srl
Divisione Commerciale Ariete
Via San Quirico, 300
50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI) - Italy
E-Mail: info@ariete.net
Internet: www.ariete.net
Stiratrice verticale
Garment steamer
Brosse à vapeur
Dampfbürste
Plancha de vapor vertical
Escova de vapor vertical
Verticaal strijkijzer
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مكواة عمودية
Ƚɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɛɪɫɛɬɥɛ
50 ml
100ml
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200 ml
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Rimuovere i pelucchi dagli indumenti
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Tappezzeria, tende e tessuti
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Stiratura a vapore
La stiratura degli indumenti è possibile solo per quei tessuti che riportano il marchio dei tre
punti () sull’etichetta.
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DOPO AVER USATO L’APPARECCHIO
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PULIZIA E MANUTENZIONE
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Attenzione - Rischio di danni materiali
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Pulizia dell’apparecchio
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Pulizia del serbatoio
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Attenzione - Rischio di danni materiali
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La garanzia non copre danni derivati da intasamenti dovuti al calcare.
10
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Pulizia degli accessori
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WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL
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INTENDED USE
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IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.
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Danger due to electricity
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13
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SUGGESTIONS
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DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLIANCE
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
Filling the tank before use
Danger - Risk of electric shock
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In the case of particularly calcareous waters (with hardness greater than 20°f) use a mixture
composed of 50% of tap water and 50% of demineralised water.
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Never use pure demineralized water.
Caution - Risk of material damage
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Switching on the appliance
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This transitory effect is perfectly normal and will disappear very soon.
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Caution - Risk of burns
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16
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Filling the boiler during use
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Revive the garments with the steamer
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Remove lint from the garments
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1,(0$/6GHQ7DQNEHUGHQ+|FKVWIOOVWDQG0$;IOOHQ'DV*HUlWIXQNWLRQLHUWPLWQRU-
PDOHP/HLWXQJVZDVVHU1LHPDOVUHLQHVGHVWLOOLHUWHV:DVVHUYHUZHQGHQ
Achtung - Sachschadenrisiko
'DV*HUlWQLFKWPLWOHHUHP:DVVHUEHKlOWHUYHUZHQGHQ
.HLQH=XVlW]HRGHUDQGHUHFKHPLVFKHQ6WRIIHZLH]%9HUVWlUNHU'XIWVWRIIHRDGD]XJHEHQ
$QGHUQIDOOVYHUIDOOHQGLH*DUDQWLHDQVSUFKH
30
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Einschalten des Gerätes
%HLPHUVWHQ*HEUDXFKNDQQHVSDVVLHUHQGDVVHVDXVGHP*HUlWHLQHQOHLFKWHQ5DXFK
DXVWULWW'DVLVWHLQHDEVROXWQRUPDOH(UVFKHLQXQJGLHQDFKNXU]HU=HLWDXIK|UW
'LH%UVWHRGHUGHQ)XVVHOQHQWIHUQHU$EEHQWQHKPHQ
'HQ6WHFNHULQGLH6WHFNGRVHVWHFNHQ
'HQ6FKDOWHU]XP(LQVFKDOWHQ-GUFNHQ'LH7DVWHQDQ]HLJHIlQJWDQ]XOHXFKWHQ'LH3ODWWH
IlQJWDQVLFK]XHUZlUPHQ:HQQGLH$Q]HLJHGHU(LQVFKDOWVFKDOWHUIHVWOHXFKWHWKDWGDV
*HUlWGLHULFKWLJH7HPSHUDWXUHUUHLFKWXQGLVWEHWULHEVEHUHLW
9RUGHP*HEUDXFKGLH*HUlWHSODWWHDXIHLQHPDOWHQ6WFN6WRIIUHLQLJHQhEHUSUIHQGDVVGLH
3ODWWHXQGGHU7DQNVDXEHUVLQG
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'LH$Q]HLJHGHV(LQVFKDOW6FKDOWHUVIlQJWDQ]XEOLQNHQ'LH'DPSIWDVWHGUFNHQXPGDV*HUlW
ZLHGHUHLQ]XVFKDOWHQ
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JHJHEHQVREDOGGLH'DPSIWDVWHJHGUFNWZLUGZHLOGDV:DVVHUYRP7DQNELV]XP'DPSIHU-
]HXJHUÀLHHQPXVV
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'LH%UVWHRGHUGHQ)XVVHOQHQWIHUQHUPRQWLHUHQ'DVNRUUHNWH(LQVWHFNHQHUIROJWPLWHLQHP
.OLFN$EE
'DV.OHLGXQJVVWFNODXIHLQHQ.OHLGXQJVKDOWHUKlQJHQ'DV*HUlWDXIGHP.OHLGXQJVVWFN
VWUHLIHQ'LH'DPSIWDVWHPHKUPDOVGUFNHQ(
8PHLQHQGXUFKJHKHQGHQ'DPSIVWUDKODE]XJHEHQGLH'DPSIWDVWHGUFNHQ'HQ6SHUU(QW-
VSHUUVFKDOWHUIUNRQVWDQWHV'DPSIQDFKXQWHQVFKLHEHQ$EE
$FKWXQJ9HUEUHQQXQJVULVLNR%UDQGJHIDKU
'DV*HUlWQXUPLWYHUWLNDOHQ%HZHJXQJHQYRQXQWHQQDFKREHQXQGXPJHNHKUWYHUZHQ-
GHQ'DV*HUlWQLFKWLQZDDJHUHFKWHU/DJHRGHUXPJHGUHKWPLWGHQ'VHQQDFKXQWHQ
YHUZHQGHQ$EE(VEHVWHKWGLH*HIDKUGDVVGDV+HL]ZDVVHUDXVGHU'VHQÀLHW
%UDQGJHIDKU
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'DV*HUlWGDUIQLHDXI6WRIIHQYHUZHQGHQZHUGHQGLHYRQDQGHUHQ3HUVRQHQJHKDOWHQVLQG
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'HQ6WHFNHULQGLH6WHFNGRVHVWHFNHQ
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31
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Die Kleidungsstücke mit einer Bürste auffrischen
$FKWXQJ9HUEUHQQXQJVULVLNR
9RUGHP$QVFKOLHHQXQG(QWIHUQHQGHU=XEHK|UWHLOHGDV*HUlWDXVVFKDOWHQ:DUWHQELV
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WDVWHPHKUPDOVGUFNHQ(
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Die Fusseln aus den Kleidungsstücken entfernen
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Tapeten, Gardinen und Stoffe
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7DSHWHQVWRIIHPVVHQDQHLQHQ6WRFNJHKlQJWZHUGHQZLH]%HLQHQ*DUGLQHQVWRFNXQGGDQQ
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tragen.
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XQWHQYHUZHQGHQZHUGHQ$EE
NACH DEM GEBRAUCH DES GERÄTS
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'HQ:DVVHUWDQNYROOVWlQGLJHQWOHHUHQVRGDVVHLQH%LOGXQJYRQ.DONDEODJHUXQJHQGXUFKVWH-
KHQGHV:DVVHUYHUPLHGHQZLUG
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32
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REINIGUNG UND WARTUNG
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%HYRU6LHGDV*HUlWUHLQLJHQRGHUZDUWHQGHQ6WHFNHULPPHUDXVGHU6WHFNGRVH]LHKHQ
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'DV9HUVRUJXQJVNDEHOQLFKWXPGDV*HUlWZLFNHOQ
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Reiningung des Geräts
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7XFKWURFNQHQ.HLQH6FKHXHUPLWWHOIUGLH5HLQLJXQJGHV*HUlWHVYHUZHQGHQ
Reinigung des Wasserbehälters
8PGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHU]XUHLQLJHQPLWIULVFKHP:DVVHUHLQIOOHQVSOHQXQGDXVOHHUHQ
Achtung - Sachschadenrisiko
.HLQHQ(VVLJ(QWNDONXQJVPLWWHORGHUDQGHUHSDUIPLHUWH6XEVWDQ]HQLQGHQ7DQNIOOHQ
$QGHUQIDOOVYHUIDOOHQGLH*DUDQWLHDQVSUFKH
'LH*DUDQWLHOHLVWXQJHQGHFNHQNHLQH6FKlGHQDEGLHGXUFKYRQ.DONYHUXUVDFKWHQ9HUVWRS-
fungen entstanden sind.
Reinigung des Zubehörs
'DV=XEHK|UVDXVGHP*HUlWHQWIHUQHQ
8PGLH%UVWH]XUHLQLJHQGHQ6WDXEPLWGHQ+lQGHQHQWIHUQHQ
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VDXEHUHQ+DQGWXFKVWUHLIHQ
33
ES
A PROPÓSITO DE ESTE MANUAL
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ADVERTENCIAS IMPORTANTES PARA LA SEGURIDAD
LEER ATENTAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES.
(VWHDSDUDWRHVWiGHVWLQDGRDXVRVGRPpVWLFRV\VLPLODUHV&XDOTXLHURWURXVR
GHODSDUDWRQRHVWiSUHYLVWRSRUHO&RQVWUXFWRUTXHVHH[LPHGHFXDOTXLHUUHV-
SRQVDELOLGDGSRUGDxRVGHWRGRWLSRFDXVDGRVSRUXQXVRLPSURSLRGHODSDUDWR
RWURXVRGHODSDUDWRQRHVWiSUHYLVWRSRUHO&RQVWUXFWRUTXHVHH[LPHGHFXDO-
TXLHUUHVSRQVDELOLGDGSRUGDxRVGHWRGRWLSRFDXVDGRVSRUXQXVRLPSURSLRGHO
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DORVSUHYLVWRVHQHVWHPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV
6HUHFRPLHQGDFRQVHUYDUHOHPEDODMHRULJLQDO\DTXHODDVLVWHQFLDJUDWXLWDQR
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Peligro para los niños
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34
ES
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35
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36
ES
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WHMLGRGHODSUHQGDEXVFDUXQSXQWRGHOWHMLGRTXHQRVHDYLVLEOH+DFHUXQDSUXHEDHQHVHSXQWR
1RXWLOL]DUHODSDUDWRHQWHMLGRVGHVHGDRGHWHUFLRSHOR&LHUWDVSUHQGDVVHSODQFKDQELHQDOUHYpV
RGHVGHDEDMRKDFLDDUULED
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UHJXODUPHQWHODOLPSLH]DGHODVERTXLOODV
8QDURSDPiVGXUD\HVSHVDUHTXLHUHPiVSDVDGDVFRQHOFHSLOOR
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL APARATO
A - Cepillo
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&'HSyVLWRDJXD
'%RWRQHVGHOLEHUDFLyQGHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD
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- ,QWHUUXSWRUGHHQFHQGLGR
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37
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INSTRUCCIONES DE USO
Llenado del depósito antes del uso
Peligro - Riesgo de electrocución
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1RLQVHUWHHOGHSyVLWRHQVXDORMDPLHQWRVLHOGHSyVLWRHVWiPRMDGR/LPSLDUHOGHSyVLWRFRQ
XQWUDSRVHFR
6DFDUORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHODFDMD
&RORFDUHODSDUDWRVREUHXQDVXSHU¿FLHKRUL]RQWDO\HVWDEOH
'HVHQUROODUFRPSOHWDPHQWHHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
3UHVLRQDUORVERWRQHVGHOLEHUDFLyQGHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD5HWLUDUHOGHSyVLWRGHVXDORMDPLHQWR
)LJ
$EULUHOWDSyQGHOGHSyVLWR
/OHQDUHOGHSyVLWRFRQDJXDGHOJULIRIUtDKDVWDODLQGLFDFLyQ0$;)LJ
En caso de agua especialmente calcárea (con una dureza superior a 20ºf) utilizar una mez-
cla compuesta por el 50% de agua de grifo y por el 50% de agua desmineralizada.
&HUUDUHOWDSyQGHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD
,QWURGXFLUHOGHSyVLWRHQVXDORMDPLHQWR/DLQWURGXFFLyQHVFRUUHFWDDORtUXQFOLF)LJ
NUNCA llenar el depósito de agua por encima del nivel MAX. El producto funciona con agua
normal de grifo. Nunca utilizar agua desmineralizada pura.
Atención - Riesgo de daños materiales
1RXWLOL]DUQXQFDHODSDUDWRVLQDJXDHQHOGHSyVLWR
1RDxDGLUQLQJ~QDGLWLYRQLVXEVWDQFLDVTXtPLFDVFRPRSRUHMHPSORDOPLGyQDSUHVWRVSHUIXPHV
XRWUDVGHORFRQWUDULRODJDUDQWtDSLHUGHLQPHGLDWDPHQWHVXYDOLGH]
Encendido del aparato
La primera vez que se utiliza el aparato es posible que haya una ligera emanación de humo:
se trata de un fenómeno perfectamente normal que desaparecerá después de poquísimo
tiempo.
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(QFKXIHHODSDUDWRDODFRUULHQWH
3UHVLRQDUHOLQWHUUXSWRUGHHQFHQGLGR-(OWHVWLJROXPLQRVRHPSLH]DDSDUSDGHDU/DVXHOD
HPSLH]DDFDOHQWDUVH&XDQGRHOWHVWLJROXPLQRVRGHOLQWHUUXSWRUGHHQFHQGLGRSHUPDQHFH
LOXPLQDGRHODSDUDWRKDDOFDQ]DGRODWHPSHUDWXUDGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR\HVWiOLVWRSDUDXVDU
$QWHVGHXWLOL]DUHODSDUDWROLPSLDUODVXHODVREUHXQSDxRYLHMR$VHJXUDUVHGHTXHODVXHOD\HO
GHSyVLWRGHDJXDHVWpQOLPSLRV
$OFDERGHPLQXWRVVLQRVHKDSXOVDGRHOERWyQGHYDSRU(HODSDUDWRHQWUDHQPRGRGH
HVSHUD(OWHVWLJROXPLQRVRHQHOERWyQGHHQFHQGLGRHPSLH]DDSDUSDGHDU3DUDYROYHUDDFWLYDU
HODSDUDWRSUHVLRQDUHOERWyQGHHQFHQGLGR
3UHVLRQHUHSHWLGDPHQWHHOERWyQGHOYDSRU (KDVWDTXHVDOJD HOYDSRU(OYDSRUQRVDOH
LQPHGLDWDPHQWHDOSXOVDUHOERWyQGHOYDSRUSRUTXHHODJXDWLHQHTXHSDVDUGHVGHHOGHSyVLWR
DOJHQHUDGRUGHYDSRU
3DVDUHODSDUDWRVREUHHOSDxR
38
ES
0RQWDUHOFHSLOORRHODFFHVRULRSDUDSHOXVDV/DLQWURGXFFLyQHVFRUUHFWDDORtUXQFOLF)LJ
&RORFDUODSUHQGDHQXQDSHUFKD3DVDUHODSDUDWRVREUHODSUHQGD3UHVLRQDUYDULDVYHFHVHO
ERWyQGHOYDSRU(
3DUDTXHHPLWDXQFKRUURFRQWLQXR\FRQVWDQWHGHYDSRUSXOVDUHOERWyQGHOYDSRU0RYHUHO
FXUVRUGHEORTXHRGHOYDSRUFRQWLQXRKDFLDDEDMR)LJ
$WHQFLyQ5LHVJRGHTXHPDGXUDV5LHVJRGHLQFHQGLR
8WLOL]DUHODSDUDWRVyORFRQPRYLPLHQWRVYHUWLFDOHVGHDEDMRDDUULED\YLFHYHUVD1RXWLOLFHHO
DSDUDWRKRUL]RQWDOPHQWHRYROFDGRFRQODVERTXLOODVKDFLDDEDMR)LJ3HOLJURGHVDOLGD
GHDJXDFDOLHQWDSRUODVWREHUDV3HOLJURGHLQFHQGLR
Atención - Riesgo de quemaduras
1RXWLOLFHHODSDUDWRHQWHMLGRVVXMHWDGRVSRURWUDVSHUVRQDV
Llenado del depósito durante el uso
Controlar siempre el nivel del agua que queda en el deposito.
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'HVFRQHFWDUHOHQFKXIHGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH'HMDUHQIULDUHODSDUDWRGXUDQWHXQRVPLQXWRV
4XLWDUHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD
/OHQDUHOGHSyVLWRFRQDJXDGHOJULIRIUtDKDVWDODLQGLFDFLyQ0$;)LJ
&HUUDUHOWDSyQGHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD
,QWURGXFLUHOGHSyVLWRHQVXDORMDPLHQWR/DLQWURGXFFLyQHVFRUUHFWDDORtUXQFOLF)LJ
(QFKXIHHODSDUDWRDODFRUULHQWH
3UHVLRQDUHOLQWHUUXSWRUGHHQFHQGLGR-
Reavivar las prendas con el cepillo
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$QWHVGHPRQWDURTXLWDUORVDFFHVRULRVDSDJDUHODSDUDWR(VSHUDUTXHHODSDUDWRVHKD\D
HQIULDGRFRPSOHWDPHQWH
0RQWDUHOFHSLOOR/DLQWURGXFFLyQHVFRUUHFWDDORtUXQFOLF)LJ
&RORFDUODSUHQGDHQXQDSHUFKD7LUDUGHODSUHQGDFRQODPDQROLEUH&RORFDUHODSDUDWRVREUH
ODVDUUXJDVGHODURSD3UHVLRQDUHOERWyQGHOYDSRU(\OXHJRVROWDUOR0RYHUHODSDUDWRGH
DUULEDDDEDMR\FHSLOODUODSUHQGD3UHVLRQDUYDULDVYHFHVHOERWyQGHOYDSRU(
3DUDHPLWLUXQFKRUURGHYDSRUFRQVWDQWH\FRQWLQXRPRYHUKDFLDDEDMRHOFXUVRUGHEORTXHR
GHOYDSRUFRQWLQXR)LJ
3DUDREWHQHUXQFKRUURGHYDSRUPiVSRWHQWHUHWLUDUHOFHSLOORGHODSDUDWR
'HVSXpVGHOWUDEDMRGHMDUTXHODURSDVHVHTXHHQODSHUFKD
Quitar las pelusas de la ropa
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0RQWDUHODFFHVRULRSDUDSHOXVDV/DLQWURGXFFLyQHVFRUUHFWDDORtUXQFOLF)LJ
&RORFDUODSUHQGDHQXQDSHUFKD7LUDUGHODSUHQGDFRQODPDQROLEUH&RORFDUHODSDUDWRVREUH
ODVDUUXJDVGHODURSD3UHVLRQDUHOERWyQGHOYDSRU(\OXHJRVROWDUOR0RYHUHODSDUDWRGH
GHUHFKDDL]TXLHUGD3UHVLRQDUYDULDVYHFHVHOERWyQGHOYDSRU(
39
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Tapicería, cortinas y telas
/DVFRUWLQDV\ODVSUHQGDVVHSXHGHQWUDWDUPLHQWUDVTXHHVWiQFROJDGDV0DQWHOHV\WHODVGH
WDSLFHUtDVHGHEHQFROJDUGHXQEDVWyQFRPRHOGHODVFRUWLQDV$QWHVGHHPSH]DUDSODQFKDU
WHMLGRVGHOLFDGRVVHDFRQVHMDKDFHUXQDVSUXHEDVHQXQSXQWRGHODSUHQGDTXQRVHDYLVLEOHSRU
HMHPSORXQDVRODSD
Planchado a vapor
El planchado de la ropa sólo es posible para aquellos tejidos que llevan la marca de tres
SXQWRVHQODHWLTXHWD
5HWLUDUHOFHSLOOR)LJ
&RORFDUHOWHMLGRVREUHXQDPHVDGHSODQFKDU(ODSDUDWRGHEHVHUXWLOL]DGRVXMHWiQGRORYHUWL-
FDOPHQWH\FRQODVERTXLOODVKDFLDDEDMR)LJ
DESPUÉS DE HABER UTILIZADO EL APARATO
3DUDDSDJDUHODSDUDWRSUHVLRQDUHOERWyQGHHQFHQGLGR-
'HVFRQHFWDUHOHQFKXIHGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH'HMDUHQIULDUHODSDUDWRGXUDQWHXQRVPLQXWRV
9DFLDUFRPSOHWDPHQWHHOWDQTXHGHODJXDSDUDHYLWDUTXHHOHVWDQFDPLHQWRGHODPLVPDDJXD
IDFLOLWHODIRUPDFLyQGHODFDOL]D
*XDUGDUHODSDUDWRHQXQOXJDUVHFR\IXHUDGHODOFDQFHGHORVQLxRV
LIMPIEZA Y MANTENIMIENTO
$WHQFLyQ5LHVJRGHTXHPDGXUDV
$QWHVGHUHDOL]DUODOLPSLH]D\HOPDQWHQLPLHQWRGHODSDUDWRGHVHQFKXIDUVLHPSUHODFODYLMD
GHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH'HMDUHQIULDUHODSDUDWRGXUDQWHXQRVPLQXWRV
Atención - Riesgo de daños materiales
1RHQUROOHHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQDOUHGHGRUGHODSDUDWR
1RJXDUGHHODSDUDWRDSR\iQGRORHQORVSHORVGHOFHSLOOR
Limpieza del aparato
/LPSLDUODVSDUWHVGHSOiVWLFRFRQXQSDxRK~PHGRQRDEUDVLYR\VHFDUODVFRQXQSDxRVHFR1R
XWLOL]DUSURGXFWRVDEUDVLYRVSDUDOLPSLDUHODSDUDWR
Limpieza del depósito de agua
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Atención - Riesgo de daños materiales
1RLQWURGXFLUHQHOGHSyVLWRYLQDJUHGHVFDOFL¿FDQWHVXRWUDVVXEVWDQFLDVSHUIXPDQWHVGHOR
FRQWUDULRODJDUDQWtDSLHUGHLQPHGLDWDPHQWHVXYDOLGH]
La garantía no cubre averías debidas a obstrucciones por caliza.
Limpieza de los accesorios
5HWLUDUORVDFFHVRULRVGHODSDUDWR
3DUDOLPSLDUHOFHSLOORTXLWDUHOSROYRFRQODVPDQRV
3DUDOLPSLDUHODFFHVRULRSDUDSHOXVDVPRYHUHODSDUDWRGHGHUHFKDDL]TXLHUGDVREUHXQD
WRDOODOLPSLD
40
PT
A PROPÓSITO DESTE MANUAL
0HVPRVHRVDSDUHOKRVIRUDPUHDOL]DGRVHPFRQIRUPLGDGHFRPDV1RUPDVHVSHFt¿FDVHXURSHLDV
YLJHQWHVHVmRSRUWDQWRSURWHJLGRVHPWRGDVDVVXDVSDUWHVSRWHQFLDOPHQWHSHULJRVDVGHYHVH
OHUDWHQWDPHQWHHVWHVDYLVRVHXVDURDSDUHOKRVRPHQWHSDUDRXVRDRTXDOIRLGHVWLQDGRSDUD
HYLWDUDFLGHQWHVHGDQRV'HL[DUHVWHPDQXDOVHPSUHDFHVVtYHOSDUDIXWXUDVFRQVXOWDV6HPSUH
TXHGHVHMDUFHGHUHVWHDSDUHOKRDRXWUDVSHVVRDVOHPEUHVHGHLQFOXLUWDPEpPHVWDVLQVWUXo}HV
$VLQIRUPDo}HV DSUHVHQWDGDVQHVWH PDQXDO HVWmRPDUFDGDV FRPRV VHJXLQWHV VtPERORV TXH
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e perigos mortais
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PDWHULDLVJUDYHV
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materiais
USO PREVISTO
2DSDUHOKRIRLIDEULFDGRSDUDSDVVDUHUHIUHVFDURVWHFLGRV
2DSDUHOKRGHYHVHUXWLOL]DGRFRPRYDSRUeSURLELGRXVDURDSDUHOKRVHPiJXD
2DSDUHOKRGHYHVHUXWLOL]DGRHPOXJDUIHFKDGRHHPDPELHQWHVVHFRV1mRXWLOL]DURDSDUHOKRDR
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ADVERTÊNCIAS IMPORTANTES
LER CUIDADOSAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUÇÕES.
(VWHDSDUHOKRpGHVWLQDGRDRXVRQDVDSOLFDo}HVGRPpVWLFDVHVHPHOKDQWHV
4XDOTXHURXWURXVRGRDSDUHOKRQmRpSUHYLVWRSHOR)DEULFDQWHRTXDOQmRDV-
VXPLUiQHQKXPDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHSRUGDQRVGHQHQKXPWLSRFDXVDGRVSRUXVR
LPSUySULRGRDSDUHOKR2XVRLPSUySULRGHWHUPLQDWDPEpPDSHUGDGRHIHLWRGH
TXDOTXHUIRUPDGHJDUDQWLD
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SRUHPSUHJRVGLIHUHQWHVGDTXHOHVSUHYLVWHVSHORSUHVHQWHIROKHWR
5HFRPHQGDVHJXDUGDUDHPEDODJHPRULJLQDOYLVWRTXHQmRpHIHFWXDGDDDV-
VLVWrQFLDJUDWXLWDSRUGDQRVGHYLGRVjHPEDODJHPQmRDGHTXDGDGRSURGXWRQR
PRPHQWRGRHQYLRGRPHVPRDXP&HQWURGH$VVLVWrQFLDDXWRUL]DGR
$XWLOL]DomRGHDFHVVyULRVQmRUHFRPHQGDGRVRXQmRIRUQHFLGRVSHORIDEULFDQWH
GRDSDUHOKRSRGHFRPSRUWDUULVFRVGHLQFrQGLRFKRTXHHOpFWULFRRXGDQRVD
SHVVRDV
Perigo para as crianças
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VHRULHQWDGDVSRUXPDSHVVRDUHVSRQViYHOSHODVPHVPDVRXVHWLYHUHPUH-
41
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FHELGRLQVWUXo}HVUHODWLYDVDRXVRGRDSDUHOKRHPWRWDOVHJXUDQoDHWLYHUHP
FRPSUHHQGLGRRVSHULJRVSUHVHQWHVGXUDQWHRXVR
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SRWHQFLDLVIRQWHVGHSHULJR
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RFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRSDUDTXHQmRSRVVDPDLVIXQFLRQDU5HFRPHQGDPRV
ID]HUFRPTXHVXDVSDUWHVVXVFHSWtYHLVDFRQVWLWXLUSHULJRSULQFLSDOPHQWHSDUD
FULDQoDVTXHSRGHULDPXWLOL]DURDSDUHOKRSDUDEULQFDUWRUQHPVHLQyFXDV
&RORFDURDSDUHOKRHPORFDOVHJXURORQJHGRDOFDQFHGDVFULDQoDV
Perigo devido à electricidade
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VRULDLVRXPHQWDLVUHGX]LGDVRXVHPH[SHULrQFLDRXFRQKHFLPHQWRVRPHQWHVH
RULHQWDGDVSRUXPDSHVVRDUHVSRQViYHOSHODPHVPDRXVHWLYHUHPUHFHELGRH
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Perigo de danos devidos a outras causas
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42
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Atenção - danos materiais
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43
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Let op – schade aan materialen
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51
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52
NL
BESCHRIJVING VAN HET APPARAAT
A - Borstel
%$FFHVVRLUHYRRUSOXL]HQ
&:DWHUUHVHUYRLU
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, &RQWUROHODPSMHYDQGHZHUNLQJ
- $DQXLWVFKDNHODDU
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GEBRUIKSAANWIJZING
Het vullen van het reservoir vóór gebruik
Gevaar - Risico voor elektrische schok
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Let op – Gevaar voor materiële schade
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Het aanzetten van het apparaat
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53
NL
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Let op - Gevaar voor brandwonden
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Reservoir vullen tijdens gebruik
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De kledingstukken met de borstel opfrissen
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54
NL
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De pluizen van de kledingstukken verwijderen
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Bekleding, gordijnen en stoffen
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Stoomstrijken
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NA HET APPARAAT TE HEBBEN GEBRUIKT
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REINIGING EN ONDERHOUD
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Let op – Gevaar voor materiële schade
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/HJKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWRSGHKDUHQYDQGHERUVWHODOVXKHWRSEHUJW
Reiniging van het apparaat
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55
NL
Het reservoir reinigen
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Let op – Gevaar voor materiële schade
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DQGHUVNRPWGHJDUDQWLHRQPLGGHOOLMNWHYHUYDOOHQ
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De accessoires schoonmaken
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OLQNVRYHUHHQVFKRQHKDQGGRHN
56
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ƴƸƧƵƫƬƣƮƧƵƱƲƣƳƱƯƧƥƸƧƫƳƫƦƫƱ
ȂȠȜȠȞȩIJȚȠȚıȣıțİȣȑȢțĮIJĮıțİȣȐıIJȘțĮȞıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮijȑȢIJȦȞțİȓȝİȞȦȞİȣȡȦʌĮȧ-
țȫȞįȚĮIJȐȟİȦȞțĮȚțĮIJȐıȣȞȑʌİȚĮİȓȞĮȚʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣȝȑȞİȢıİȩȜĮIJĮįȣȞȘIJȚțȐİʌȚțȓȞįȣȞĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮ-
IJĮįȚĮȕȐıIJİʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐIJȚȢʌȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢțĮȚȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȠ-
ȞȐȤĮȖȚĮIJȠıțȠʌȩʌȠȣʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮțĮȚȗȘȝȚȑȢĭȣȜȐȟIJİʌȡȩȤİȚȡȠ
IJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠĮȣIJȩȖȚĮȞĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮIJȠıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȪİıIJİıIJȠȝȑȜȜȠȞǹȞʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮįȫıİIJİIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒıİțȐʌȠȚȠȐȜȜȠȐIJȠȝȠșȣȝȘșİȓIJİȞĮIJȠȣʌĮȡĮįȫıİIJİȝĮȗȓțĮȚIJȠʌĮȡȩȞİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ
ȅȚʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢijȑȡȠȣȞIJĮʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıȪȝȕȠȜĮʌȠȣıȘȝĮȓȞȠȣȞ
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ıȦȝĮIJȚțȑȢȕȜȐȕİȢțĮȚșĮȞȐıȚȝȠțȓȞįȣȞȠ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȗȘȝȚȐȢĮʌȩįȚȐijȠȡİȢȐȜȜİȢĮȚIJȓİȢ ȆȇȅǼǿǻȅȆȅǿǾȈǾʌȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚİȓȖȚĮıȠȕĮȡȑȢ
ıȦȝĮIJȚțȑȢȕȜȐȕİȢțĮȚȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȓȘıȘȖȚĮİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ȆȡȠıȠȤȒ±ȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ ȆȇȅȈȅȋǾʌȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚİȓȖȚĮʌȚșĮȞȑȢıȦȝĮIJȚ-
țȑȢȕȜȐȕİȢȒȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ƲƳƱƤƭƧƲƱƮƧƯƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒȑȤİȚțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJİȓȖȚĮȞĮıȚįİȡȫȞİȚțĮȚȞĮijȡİıțȐȡİȚȣijȐıȝĮIJĮ
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Ȟİȡȩ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚıİțȜİȚıIJȠȪȢȤȫȡȠȣȢȤȦȡȓȢȣȖȡĮıȓĮȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ
IJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘȞȪʌĮȚșȡȠȒıİįȦȝȐIJȚĮʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞȣȥȘȜȩʌȠıȠıIJȩȣȖȡĮıȓĮȢ
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Ǿ ıȣıțİȣȒ ĮȣIJȒ ʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚ ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐ ȖȚĮ ȠȚțȚĮțȒ Ȓ ʌĮȡȩȝȠȚĮ ȤȡȒıȘ
ȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠȞțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠʌȠȣ
ıȣȞİʌȫȢĮʌĮȜȜȐııİIJĮȚĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȗȘȝȚȑȢțȐșİijȪıȘȢʌȠȣ
ȠijİȓȜȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢǾĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘȑȤİȚıĮȞ
ıȣȞȑʌİȚĮIJȘȞĮțȪȡȦıȘȠʌȠȚĮıįȒʌȠIJİȝȠȡijȒȢİȖȖȪȘıȘȢ
ǻİȞĮȞĮȜĮȝȕȐȞȠȣȝİțĮȝȓĮİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȜĮȞșĮıȝȑȞȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȒȖȚĮ
țȐʌȠȚĮȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘʌȠȣįİȞĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮijȣȜȐııİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢIJȠȣİȡȖȠıIJĮıȓȠȣįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣ
ȩIJȚįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚįȦȡİȐȞIJİȤȞȚțȒȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȖȚĮIJȚȢȗȘȝȚȑȢʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘ-
țĮȞĮʌȩĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒĮʌȩȑȞĮ
İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
ǾȤȡȒıȘİȟĮȡIJȘȝȐIJȦȞʌȠȣįİȞıȣȞȚıIJȐȒįİȞȑȤİȚʌȡȠȝȘșİȪıİȚȠțĮIJĮıțİȣĮ-
ıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİȞȑȤİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠʌȣȡțĮȖȚȐȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓ-
ĮȢȒIJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ
57
EL
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓDŽNJǂǕǂǍNJNjǒƽǑǂNJDžNJƽ
ǾȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐʌȐȞȦĮʌȩİIJȫȞȝȠȞȐȤĮĮȞ
İʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞİȞȒȜȚțĮȒĮȞȑȤȠȣȞİțʌĮȚįİȣIJİȓțĮȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚ
IJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣ-
ıțİȣȒȢ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮȡȝȠįȚȩIJȘIJĮ
IJȠȣȤȡȒıIJȘįİȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌȠȞIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞİʌȓȕȜİȥȘ
İȞȩȢİȞȒȜȚțĮȂȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİıIJĮʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİıİʌĮȚįȚȐȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮĮʌȩȤȡȠȞȫȞȞĮʌȜȘıȚȐȗȠȣȞIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
țĮȚIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȖțĮIJĮȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘįȚȐșİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚ-
įȚȫȞįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJİȪıİIJİțȩȕȠ-
ȞIJĮȢIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣȞĮIJĮ
ȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȖȚĮ
ȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ĭȣȜȐȟIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮĮıijĮȜȑȢȝȑȡȠȢʌȠȣįİȞİȓȞĮȚʌȡȠıʌİȜȐıȚȝȠıİ
ʌĮȚįȚȐ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ǾȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJĮȚıİȐIJȠȝĮȝİİȚįȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȒȐIJȠȝĮȝİİȜ-
ȜȚʌİȓȢȖȞȫıİȚȢțĮȚĮȞİʌĮȡțȒʌİȓȡĮȝȠȞȐȤĮĮȞİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȣʌİȪșȣ-
ȞȠȒĮȞȑȤȠȣȞİțʌĮȚįİȣIJİȓțĮȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢ
ʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȆȡȚȞȕȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘʌȠȣĮȞĮ-
ijȑȡİIJĮȚ ıIJȘȞ ʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ IJİȤȞȚțȫȞ ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȫȞ IJȘȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢ ĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓ
ıIJȘȞIJȐıȘIJȠȣįȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢ
ǾȤȡȒıȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȫȞȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗȦȞȝȘİȟȠȣįȚȠIJȘȝȑȞȦȞĮʌȩIJȠİȡȖȠıIJȐıȚȠȝʌȠ-
ȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚȗȘȝȚȑȢȒĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮ
ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȐȞIJĮȝȚĮȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘʌȡȓȗĮ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝİȕȡİȖȝȑȞĮȤȑȡȚĮȒȟȣʌȩȜȘIJȠȚ
ǹȞİȓȞĮȚȤĮȜĮıȝȑȞȠIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȘȜİțIJȡȠįȩIJȘıȘȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJĮșİȓĮʌȩ
IJȠȞțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠȒĮʌȩȑȞĮİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒ-
ȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒĮʌȩțȐʌȠȚȠȐIJȠȝȠʌȠȣȑȤİȚIJȘȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘIJİȤȞȚțȒțĮIJȐȡIJȚıȘ
ȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİțȐșİțȓȞįȣȞȠ
ȂȘıȣȞįȑİIJİ ıIJȘȞȓįȚĮ ʌȡȓȗĮ țĮȝȓĮȐȜȜȘ ıȣıțİȣȒȣȥȘȜȒȢ ȚıȤȪȠȢ ıȩȝʌİȢ
ıȓįİȡĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐțĮȜȠȡȚijȑȡțȜʌȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢȣʌİȡijȩȡIJȦıȘȢ
58
EL
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLJLjǍNJƽǓǂǑǝDžNJƽǗǐǒdžǓƽnjnjdžǓǂNJǕǀdžǓ
ȆȡȚȞĮȞȐȥİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢ
IJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝİȞİȡȩ
ȃĮĮȞȐȕİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȩȞȠȞȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚıIJȘıȦıIJȒșȑıȘ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮȠȡȚȗȩȞIJȚĮțĮȚıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȩIJĮȞĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİıIJİĮʌȩIJȠȤȫȡȠʌȠȣ
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ
ǵIJĮȞȤȡİȚĮıIJİȓȞĮĮʌȠȣıȚȐıİIJİȖȚĮȜȓȖȘȫȡĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦ
ıİȝȚĮȠȡȚȗȩȞIJȚĮțĮȚıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮǵIJĮȞıȕȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİ
ʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚĮȞȑʌİıİțȐIJȦȒĮȞȑȤİȚİȝijĮȞȒ
ıȘȝȐįȚĮȗȘȝȚȐȢıİ ʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘȕȜȐȕȘȢȒ ĮȞȣʌȠȥȚȐȗİıIJİİȜĮIJIJȦȝĮIJȚțȒȜİȚ-
IJȠȣȡȖȓĮȝİIJȐĮʌȩʌIJȫıȘȒĮȞʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚįȚĮȡȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİĮȝȑıȦȢ
IJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȂȘȞșȑIJİIJİʌȠIJȑıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒĮȞʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚ
İȜȐIJIJȦȝĮǵȜİȢȠȚİʌȚıțİȣȑȢĮțȩȝĮțĮȚȘĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮ-
ȜȦįȓȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚıİȑȞĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠ-
ıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒȠʌȦıįȒʌȠIJİĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȘȜİțIJȡȠȜȩȖȠȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİ
ȠʌȠȚȠȞįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠȈİĮȞIJȓșİIJȘʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘșĮʌĮȪİȚȞĮȚıȤȪİȚȘİȖȖȪȘıȘ
ƲǒǐdžNJDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjDŽNJǂdžDŽNjǂǞǍǂǕǂ
ȂȘȞİʌȚȤİȚȡȒıİIJİʌȠIJȑȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȞĮıȚįİȡȫıİIJİțȐ-
ʌȠȚȠȡȠȪȤȠʌȠȣijȠȡȐIJİİțİȓȞȘIJȘıIJȚȖȝȒ
ȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJĮȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢIJȠȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩȒIJȠȞĮIJȝȩȩIJĮȞ
İȓȞĮȚĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȘȒȜȓȖȠȝİIJȐIJȠıȕȒıȚȝȠȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȐșİIJİİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ±IJĮțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȐȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȐIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣ
ʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞȑȞIJȣʌȠțĮșȚıIJȠȪȞĮįȪȞĮIJȘIJȘȞʌȡȠıIJĮıȓĮIJȠȣȤȡȒ-
ıIJȘĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȚșĮȞȒİʌĮijȒȝİIJȠĮțȡȠijȪıȚȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪIJȩıȠțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡ-
țİȚĮIJȘȢȤȡȒıȘȢȩıȠțĮȚȜȓȖȠȝİIJȐIJȠıȕȒıȚȝȠIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȂȘȞțĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJİIJȠıIJȩȝȚȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪʌȡȠȢIJȠıȫȝĮıĮȢȒʌȡȠȢțĮIJȠȚțȓ-
įȚĮȗȫĮ
ǵIJĮȞıȚįİȡȫȞİIJİȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȘȢȝİIJĮĮțȡȠijȪıȚĮ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪıIJȡĮȝȝȑȞĮʌȡȠȢIJȘȞĮȞIJȓșİIJȘʌȜİȣȡȐĮʌȩIJȘįȚțȒıĮȢșȑıȘ
ǹijȠȪıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮĮijȒıIJİIJȘȞıIJȠ
įȐʌİįȠ ȂȘȞțĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȘȞİțIJȩȟİȣıȘĮIJȝȠȪʌȡȠȢȐIJȠȝĮțĮIJȠȚțȓ-
įȚĮȗȫĮijȣIJȐȒʌȡȠȢıȣıțİȣȑȢʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤȠȣȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐȝȑȡȘ
ȖȚĮʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮİıȦIJİȡȚțȩijȠȪȡȞȦȞ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȄİIJȣȜȓȟIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠʌȡȚȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ǾȤȡȒıȘʌȡȠİțIJȐıİȦȞIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗİȢʌȠȣįİȞİȓȞĮȚİȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞİȢ
ĮʌȩIJȠȞțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȒȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮ
59
EL
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȩIJĮȞįİȞȑȤİȚȞİȡȩȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȐșİȚȗȘȝȚȐȘ
ĮȞIJȜȓĮȃĮİȜȑȖȤİIJİIJĮțIJȚțȐIJȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮİȡȚȠȪȤȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚįȚȠȟİȓįȚȠIJȠȣȐȞșȡĮțĮȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚ
ȘȤȡȒıȘĮʌİıIJĮȖȝȑȞȠȣȞİȡȠȪȩIJĮȞIJȠȞİȡȩIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢʌİȡȚȑȤİȚʌȠȜȜȐȐȜĮIJĮ
ȂȘȞIJȡĮȕȐIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȖȚĮȞĮIJȠȕȖȐȜİIJİĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓ
ĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıİȚțĮȚİijȩıȠȞȑȤİIJİȕȖȐȜİȚIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȂȘ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑįȚĮȜȪIJİȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞȠȣȞȗȘȝȚȐıIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐ
ȂȘȞȤȪȞİIJİıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȟȪįȚȠȣıȓİȢȖȚĮIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞȒȐȜȜİȢĮȡȦȝĮIJȚ-
țȑȢȠȣıȓİȢįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐșĮʌĮȪıİȚȞĮȚıȤȪİȚȐȝİıĮȘİȖȖȪȘıȘ
ȆȡȚȞijȣȜȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘıȕȒıİIJİʌĮIJȫȞIJĮȢIJȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ-
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚ
IJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȜİʌIJȐǹįİȚȐıIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıİĮIJȝȠıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢȕȡȠȤȒ
ȒȜȚȠțȜʌ
īȚĮIJȘıȦıIJȒįȚȐșİıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȘȞǼȣȡȦʌĮȧțȒȅįȘȖȓĮ
(ǼıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮįȚĮȕȐıİIJİIJȠİȚįȚțȩȑȞIJȣʌȠʌȠȣʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚ
ȝĮȗȓȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƷƶƭƣưƵƧƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƣƶƵƧƴ
ƴǕǐNJǘdžǀǂǂǎǂDŽǎǟǒNJǔLjǓ
ȈIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ ʌȠȣ ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ țȐIJȦ ĮʌȩIJȘ ȕȐıȘ IJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ ĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚ IJĮİȟȒȢ ıIJȠȚȤİȓĮ
ĮȞĮȖȞȫȡȚıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢțĮȚıȒȝĮȞıȘ&(ǼȅȀ
ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠ0RG
ĮȡıİȚȡȐȢ61
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘȢ9țĮȚıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ+]
țĮIJĮȞĮȜȚıțȩȝİȞȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȚıȤȪȢ:
ʌȡȐıȚȞȠIJȘȜȑijȦȞȠįȦȡİȐȞțȜȒıȘIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘ
ǵIJĮȞĮʌİȣșȪȞİıIJİıIJĮİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮțȑȞIJȡĮȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȞĮĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠ
ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠțĮȚIJȠȞıİȚȡȚĮțȩĮȡȚșȝȩ
ƶƲƱƦƧƫưƧƫƴ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȣIJȒįİȞİȓȞĮȚıȤİįȚĮıȝȑȞȘȖȚĮȞĮĮȞIJȚțĮșȚıIJȐȑȞĮıȓįİȡȠȆȡȚȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİ
IJȘıȣıțİȣȒįȚĮȕȐıIJİIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢıIJȘȞİIJȚțȑIJĮIJȠȣȣijȐıȝĮIJȠȢǹȞįİȞȖȞȦȡȓȗİIJİIJȘıȪȞșİıȘIJȠȣ
ȣijȐıȝĮIJȠȢȕȡİȓIJİȑȞĮıȘȝİȓȠIJȠȣʌȠȣįİȞijĮȓȞİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȘȞĮȞȐʌȠįȘțĮȚțȐȞİIJİȝȓĮįȠțȚȝȒıIJȠ
ıȘȝİȓȠĮȣIJȩ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȝİIJĮȟȦIJȐțĮȚȕİȜȠȪįȚȞĮȣijȐıȝĮIJĮȂİȡȚțȐȡȠȪȤĮıȚįİȡȫȞȠ-
ȞIJĮȚțĮȜȪIJİȡĮĮʌȩIJȘȞĮȞȐʌȠįȘȒĮʌȩțȐIJȦʌȡȠȢIJĮʌȐȞȦ
ǹȞĮȡȤȓȗȠȣȞȞĮijȡȐȗȠȣȞIJĮĮțȡȠijȪıȚĮșĮĮțȠȪȖİIJĮȚȑȞĮȢșȩȡȣȕȠȢıĮȞȖĮȡȖȐȡȚıȝĮȞİȡȠȪȃĮ
İȜȑȖȤİIJİIJĮțIJȚțȐĮȞİȓȞĮȚțĮșĮȡȐIJĮĮțȡȠijȪıȚĮ
ȊijȐıȝĮIJĮʌȚȠıțȜȘȡȐțĮȚȤȠȞIJȡȐʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌİȡĮıIJȠȪȞȝİIJȘȕȠȪȡIJıĮʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡİȢĮʌȩȝȓĮ
ijȠȡȑȢ
60
EL
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
$ǺȠȪȡIJıĮ
%ǼȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȖȚĮȤȞȠȪįȚĮ
&ǻȠȤİȓȠȞİȡȠȪ
'ȀȠȣȝʌȚȐĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ
(ȀȠȣȝʌȓĮIJȝȠȪ
)ǻȡȠȝȑĮȢıȣȞİȤȠȪȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ
*ȆȜȐțĮȝİĮțȡȠijȪıȚĮ
+ȂİȗȠȪȡĮ
, ǼȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
- ǻȚĮțȩʌIJȘȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
.ȀĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƸƳƩƴƩƴ
ƥƾǍNJǔǍǂǕǐǖDžǐǘdžǀǐǖǑǒNJǎǂǑǝǕLjǘǒƿǔLj
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȆȡȚȞȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞİȡȩʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȂȘȞIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣĮȞİȓȞĮȚȕȡİȖȝȑȞȠȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȑȞĮ
ıIJİȖȞȩʌĮȞȓ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮĮʌȩIJȠțȠȣIJȓ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮȠȡȚȗȩȞIJȚĮțĮȚıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ȄİIJȣȜȓȟIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮțȠȣȝʌȚȐĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠĮʌȩIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣǼȚț
ǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȘȞIJȐʌĮIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİįȡȠıİȡȩȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȘȕȡȪıȘȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘȂǹȋǼȚț
ȉıʍıȢȔʍijȧIJșʍȡȤȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțıȔijıȟıȢȪȞıȞıȗȑȝșʍıȢțıȜijțȜȪijșijįįȝȑijȧȟIJȜȝșȢȪijșijį
ȞıȗįȝȫijıȢșįʍȪIȟįȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțıȔijıȒȟįȞȔȗȞįȟıȢȡȫijșȣȖȢȫIJșȣȜįțįʍȡIJijįȗȞȒȟȡȤ
ȟıȢȡȫȞıįȟįȝȡȗȔįįʍȪijȡȜįȚȒȟį
ȀȜİȓıIJİIJȘȞIJȐʌĮIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣĬĮțĮIJĮȜȐȕİIJİȩIJȚȑȤİȚțȠȣȝʌȫıİȚĮʌȩIJȠȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚ-
ıIJȚțȩ³țȜȚț´ǼȚț
ȃșȟȗıȞȔȘıijıȇȆȊǽijȡİȡȥıȔȡʍȑȟȧįʍȪijșȞȒȗțIJijșIJijȑȚȞș0$;ǿIJȤIJȜıȤȓȝıțijȡȤȢȗıȔȞı
ȜįȟȡȟțȜȪȟıȢȪijșȣȖȢȫIJșȣȃșȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțıȔijıʍȡijȒȜįȚįȢȪįʍțȡȟțIJȞȒȟȡȟıȢȪ
ƲǒǐǔǐǘƿƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǖnjNJNjǟǎLJLjǍNJǟǎ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ȂȘȞʌȡȠıșȑIJİIJİıIJȠȞİȡȩțĮȝȓĮȐȜȜȘȤȘȝȚțȒȠȣıȓĮȩʌȦȢȖȚĮʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮȐȝȣȜȠĮȡȦȝĮIJȚțȐȒ
ȠIJȚįȒʌȠIJİȐȜȜȠįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐșĮʌĮȪıİȚȞĮȚıȤȪİȚȐȝİıĮȘİȖȖȪȘıȘ
61
EL
ƚǎǂǍǍǂǔǖǔNjdžǖƿǓ
ȊșȟʍȢȬijșĴȡȢȑʍȡȤȚįȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțȓIJıijıijșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȞʍȡȢıȔȟįİıȔijıȟįıȜȝȫıijįțȝȔȗȡȣ
ȜįʍȟȪȣǽȔȟįțȒȟįȜįȟȡȟțȜȪĴįțȟȪȞıȟȡʍȡȤȚįıȠįĴįȟțIJijıȔIJȫȟijȡȞį
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȕȠȪȡIJıĮȒIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȖȚĮȤȞȠȪįȚĮǼȚț
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠȞįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ-ǹȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒ-
țIJȡȠȣǾʌȜȐțĮĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮȗİıIJĮȓȞİIJĮȚǵIJĮȞIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
ʌĮȡĮȝİȓȞİȚıȣȞȑȤİȚĮĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȠȘıȣıțİȣȒȑȤİȚIJȘıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮțĮȚİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȘȖȚĮ
ȤȡȒıȘ
ȆȡȚȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞʌȜȐțĮıİȑȞĮʌĮȜȚȩȣijĮıȝȐIJȚȞȠʌĮȞȓǺİȕĮȚȦ-
șİȓIJİʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚțĮșĮȡȒȘʌȜȐțĮțĮȚIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒIJȓșİIJĮȚıİĮȞĮȝȠȞȒĮȞʌİȡȐıȠȣȞȜİʌIJȐȤȦȡȓȢȞĮʌĮIJȘșİȓIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓĮIJȝȠȪ(ǹȡ-
ȤȓȗİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓĮIJȝȠȪ
ȖȚĮȞĮİʌĮȞİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİĮȡțİIJȑȢijȠȡȑȢIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓĮIJȝȠȪ(ȝȑȤȡȚȢȩIJȠȣĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮİȟȑȡȤİIJĮȚȠĮIJȝȩȢȅĮIJȝȩȢ
įİȞİȟȑȡȤİIJĮȚȝȩȜȚȢʌĮIJȒıİIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓĮIJȝȠȪȖȚĮIJȓIJȠȞİȡȩʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌİȡȐıİȚĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ıIJȘȖİȞȞȒIJȡȚĮĮIJȝȠȪ
ȆİȡȐıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦı¶ȑȞĮʌĮȞȓ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȕȠȪȡIJıĮȒIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȖȚĮȤȞȠȪįȚĮĬĮțĮIJĮȜȐȕİIJİȩIJȚȑȤİȚțȠȣȝʌȫıİȚĮʌȩ
IJȠȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȩ³țȜȚț´ǼȚț
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠȡȠȪȤȠıİȝȚĮțȡİȝȐıIJȡĮȆİȡȐıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıIJȠȡȠȪȤȠȆĮIJȒıIJİȝİȡȚțȑȢ
ijȠȡȑȢIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓĮIJȝȠȪ(
īȚĮIJȘıȣȞİȤȒțĮȚıIJĮșİȡȒʌĮȡȠȤȒĮIJȝȠȪʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓĮIJȝȠȪȂİIJĮțȚȞȒıIJİʌȡȠȢIJĮ
țȐIJȦIJȠįȡȠȝȑĮıȣȞİȤȠȪȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪǼȚț
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²NjǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǑǖǒNjǂDŽNJƽǓ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȩȞȠȝİțȐșİIJİȢțȚȞȒıİȚȢĮʌȩʌȐȞȦʌȡȠȢIJĮțȐIJȦțĮȚĮȞIJȚ-
ıIJȡȩijȦȢȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȠȡȚȗȩȞIJȚĮșȑıȘȒĮȞĮʌȠįȠȖȣȡȚıȝȑȞȘȝİIJĮ
ĮțȡȠijȪıȚĮıIJȡĮȝȝȑȞĮʌȡȠȢIJĮțȐIJȦǼȚțȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİțȡȠȒȢȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩIJĮĮțȡȠ-
ijȪıȚĮȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢʌȣȡțĮȖȚȐȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²NjǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȣijȐıȝĮIJĮʌȠȣțȡĮIJȐȞİȐȜȜĮȐIJȠȝĮ
ƥƾǍNJǔǍǂǕǐǖDžǐǘdžǀǐǖNjǂǕƽǕLjǎǘǒƿǔLj
ǶijįȟIJțİıȢȬȟıijıȟįıȝȒȗȥıijıʍȑȟijįijșIJijȑȚȞșijȡȤȟıȢȡȫʍȡȤįʍȡȞȒȟıțIJijȡİȡȥıȔȡ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ-ȖȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹijȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȖȚĮȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİįȡȠıİȡȩȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȘȕȡȪıȘȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘȂǹȋǼȚț
ȀȜİȓıIJİIJȘȞIJȐʌĮIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣĬĮțĮIJĮȜȐȕİIJİȩIJȚȑȤİȚțȠȣȝʌȫıİȚĮʌȩIJȠȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚ-
ıIJȚțȩ³țȜȚț´ǼȚț
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠȞįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ-
62
EL
ƷǒdžǔNjƽǒdžǕdžǕǂǒǐǞǘǂǍdžǕLjǃǐǞǒǕǔǂ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²NjǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ȆȡȚȞʌȡȠȤȦȡȒıİIJİ ıIJȘ ıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȩȖȘıȘ Ȓ ıIJȘȞ ĮijĮȓȡİıȘ IJȦȞİȟĮȡIJȘȝȐIJȦȞʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ
ıȕȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚIJİȜİȓȦȢȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȕȠȪȡIJıĮĬĮțĮIJĮȜȐȕİIJİȩIJȚȑȤİȚțȠȣȝʌȫıİȚĮʌȩIJȠȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȩ³țȜȚț´
ǼȚț
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠȡȠȪȤȠıİȝȚĮțȡİȝȐıIJȡĮȉȡĮȕȒȟIJİIJȠȪijĮıȝĮȝİIJȠİȜİȪșİȡȠȤȑȡȚǹțȠȣȝʌȒıIJİ
IJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȚȢȗȐȡİȢIJȠȣȣijȐıȝĮIJȠȢȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓĮIJȝȠȪ(țĮȚȝİIJȐĮijȒıIJİIJȠ
ȂİIJĮțȚȞȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮʌȩʌȐȞȦʌȡȠȢIJĮțȐIJȦțĮȚȕȠȣȡIJıȓıIJİȆĮIJȒıIJİȝİȡȚțȑȢijȠȡȑȢIJȠ
țȠȣȝʌȓĮIJȝȠȪ(
īȚĮIJȘıȣȞİȤȒțĮȚıIJĮșİȡȒʌĮȡȠȤȒĮIJȝȠȪȝİIJĮțȚȞȒıIJİʌȡȠȢIJĮțȐIJȦIJȠįȡȠȝȑĮıȣȞİȤȠȪȢ
ʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪǼȚț
īȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİʌȚȠȚıȤȣȡȒİțIJȩȟİȣıȘĮIJȝȠȪĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȕȠȪȡIJıĮĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ǵIJĮȞIJİȜİȚȫıİIJİĮijȒıIJİIJĮȡȠȪȤĮȞĮıIJİȖȞȫıȠȣȞıİȝȚĮțȡİȝȐıIJȡĮ
ƣǗǂNJǒƾǔǕdžǕǂǘǎǐǞDžNJǂǂǑǝǕǂǒǐǞǘǂ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȕȠȪȡIJıĮǼȚț
ȉȠʌȠșİIJİȓıIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȖȚĮȤȞȠȪįȚĮĬĮțĮIJĮȜȐȕİIJİȩIJȚȑȤİȚțȠȣȝʌȫıİȚĮʌȩIJȠȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚ-
ıIJȚțȩ³țȜȚț´ǼȚț
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠȡȠȪȤȠıİȝȚĮțȡİȝȐıIJȡĮȉȡĮȕȒȟIJİIJȠȪijĮıȝĮȝİIJȠİȜİȪșİȡȠȤȑȡȚǹțȠȣȝʌȒıIJİIJȘıȣ-
ıțİȣȒıIJȚȢȗȐȡİȢIJȠȣȣijȐıȝĮIJȠȢȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓĮIJȝȠȪ(țĮȚȝİIJȐĮijȒıIJİIJȠȂİIJĮțȚȞȒıIJİ
IJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮʌȩįİȟȚȐʌȡȠȢĮȡȚıIJİȡȐȆĮIJȒıIJİȝİȡȚțȑȢijȠȡȑȢIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓĮIJȝȠȪ(
ƵǂǑdžǕǔǂǒǀdžǓNjǐǖǒǕǀǎdžǓNjǂNJǖǗƽǔǍǂǕǂ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮıȚįİȡȫıİIJİIJȚȢțȠȣȡIJȓȞİȢțĮȚIJĮȡȠȪȤĮȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚțȡİȝĮıȝȑȞĮȉĮIJȡĮʌİȗȠȝȐȞIJȘȜĮ
țĮȚIJĮȣijȐıȝĮIJĮIJĮʌİIJıĮȡȓĮȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚțȡİȝĮıȝȑȞĮıİȝȚĮȕȑȡȖĮȩʌȦȢĮȣIJȒʌȠȣȤȡȘıȚ-
ȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȖȚĮIJȚȢțȠȣȡIJȓȞİȢȆȡȚȞĮȡȤȓıİIJİȞĮıȚįİȡȫȞİIJİİȣĮȓıșȘIJĮȣijȐıȝĮIJĮıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮ
țȐȞİIJİȝİȡȚțȑȢįȠțȚȝȑȢıİȑȞĮıȘȝİȓȠʌȠȣįİijĮȓȞİIJĮȚȩʌȦȢIJȠıIJȡȓijȦȝĮ
ƴNJDždžǒǚǍǂǍdžǂǕǍǐ
ȃʍȡȢıȔijıȟįIJțİıȢȬIJıijıȞȪȟȡijįȢȡȫȥįȜįțijįȤĴȑIJȞįijįʍȡȤȒȥȡȤȟIJijșȟıijțȜȒijįijȡȤȣijșȟ
ȒȟİıțȠș
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȕȠȪȡIJıĮǼȚț
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȪijĮıȝĮıİȝȚĮıȚįİȡȫıIJȡĮǾıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚțȡĮIJȫ-
ȞIJĮȢIJȘȞȩȡșȚĮțĮȚȝİIJĮĮțȡȠijȪıȚĮıIJȡĮȝȝȑȞĮʌȡȠȢIJĮțȐIJȦǼȚț
ƣƷƱƶƸƳƩƴƫƮƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƵƧƵƩƴƶƴƬƧƶƩ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ-ȖȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹijȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȖȚĮȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐ
ǹįİȚȐıIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȠıȤȘȝĮIJȚıȝȩĮȜȐIJȦȞĮʌȩIJȠıIJȐıȚȝȠȞİȡȩ
ĭȣȜȐȟIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮȤȫȡȠȤȦȡȓȢȣȖȡĮıȓĮțĮȚȤȦȡȓȢʌȡȠıʌȑȜĮıȘıIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐ
63
EL
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƬƣƫƴƶƯƵƩƳƩƴƩ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²NjǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ȆȡȚȞʌȡȠȤȦȡȒıİIJİıIJȚȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢ
ĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹijȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȖȚĮȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐ
ƲǒǐǔǐǘƿƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǖnjNJNjǟǎLJLjǍNJǟǎ
ȂȘȞIJȣȜȓȖİIJİIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠȖȪȡȦĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮțȠȣȝʌȚıȝȑȞȘıIJȚȢIJȡȓȤİȢIJȘȢȕȠȪȡIJıĮȢ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǔǖǔNjdžǖƿǓ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐȝȑȡȘȝİȑȞĮțĮșĮȡȩțĮȚĮʌĮȜȩʌĮȞȓțĮȚıțȠȣʌȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮıIJİȖȞȩʌĮȞȓ
ȂȘȞțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝİʌȡȠȧȩȞIJĮʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞIJȡĮȤȚȐİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǐǖDžǐǘdžǀǐǖ
īȚĮȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȟİʌȜȪȞİIJİIJȠȝİȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢțĮȚĮįİȚȐıIJİIJȠıIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮ
ƲǒǐǔǐǘƿƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǖnjNJNjǟǎLJLjǍNJǟǎ
ȂȘȞȤȪȞİIJİıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȟȪįȚȠȣıȓİȢȖȚĮIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞȒȐȜȜİȢĮȡȦȝĮIJȚțȑȢȠȣıȓİȢ
įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐșĮʌĮȪıİȚȞĮȚıȤȪİȚȐȝİıĮȘİȖȖȪȘıȘ
ǿıȗȗȫșIJșİıȟȜįȝȫʍijıțijțȣȘșȞȔıȣʍȡȤȡĴıȔȝȡȟijįțIJıĴȢįȠȔȞįijįįʍȪțȘȓȞįijįįȝȑijȧȟʍȡȤ-
ȢȔ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǚǎdžǏǂǒǕLjǍƽǕǚǎ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
īȚĮȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘȕȠȪȡIJıĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȘıțȩȞȘȝİIJĮȤȑȡȚĮ
īȚĮȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȖȚĮȤȞȠȪįȚĮȝİIJĮțȚȞȒıIJİIJȠĮʌȩįİȟȚȐʌȡȠȢIJĮĮȡȚıIJİȡȐʌȐȞȦ
ıİȝȚĮțĮșĮȡȒʌİIJıȑIJĮ
64
RU
ǿǼDzdzǾǴǮǻǶdzDzǮǻǻǼǷǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶǶ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɛɵɥɨɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨɜɩɨɥɧɨɦɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɹɦɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɧɨɪɦɢɜɫɟɟɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɡɚɳɢɬɨɣɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢɦɟɪɚɦɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɢɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɜɦɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬ-
ɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟȿɫɥɢɜɵɪɟɲɢɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɪɭɤɢɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɷɬɭɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ ɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɟɬ ɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ-
ɫɬɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɬɹɠɟɥɵɯɬɪɚɜɦɢɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶ-
ɧɨɝɨɢɫɯɨɞɚ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɬɨɤɨɦ
ɍɝɪɨɡɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɜɵɡɜɚɧ-
ɧɚɹɢɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɈ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɟɬ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ-
ɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɜɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɭɳɟɪɛɚ
Ɇɟɪɵɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ
ɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɟɬ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ-
ɫɬɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɥɟɝɤɢɯɬɪɚɜɦ ɢɥɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ-
ɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ǻǮǵǻǮȅdzǻǶdzȁǿȀǾǼǷǿȀǰǮ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɝɥɚɠɤɢɢɨɫɜɟɠɟɧɢɹɬɤɚɧɟɣ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɩɚɪɨɦɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɛɟɡ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɫɭɯɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɇɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɨɡɞɭɯɟɢɥɢɜɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯɫɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ǽǾǮǰǶǹǮȀdzȃǻǶǸǶǯdzǵǼǽǮǿǻǼǿȀǶ
ɊɀɋɀȿɊɀɋȽɖɇɃɌɊɉɆɗɂɉȽȻɈɃɀɇɊɋɃȼɉɋȻɈɀɉȼɐɉȿɃɇɉȽɈɃɇȻ-
ɍɀɆɗɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɍɗɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɎəɃɈɌɍɋɎɅɑɃə
ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɨɦɚɲ-
ɧɢɯɢɛɵɬɨɜɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɅɸɛɨɣɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬɟɝɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɪɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɉɪɢɦɟ-
ɧɟɧɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɜɥɟɱɟɬɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɨɬɦɟɧɭɥɸɛɨɣɮɨɪɦɵ
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɜɰɟɥɹɯɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɦɪɭ-
ɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɬɤɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɟɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɩɪɚ-
65
RU
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɣɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɩɪɢɟɝɨɨɬɫɵɥɤɟɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪ-
ɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɨɜɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɢɥɢɧɟ
ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹɭɞɚɪɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɨɤɚɢɥɢɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹɜɪɟɞɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȒșȭȒȓȠȓȗ
Ⱦɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɞɟɬɶɦɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɥɟɬɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɨɫɥɟɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹɢɦɩɪɚɜɢɥɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɜɨɦɨɠɧɵɯɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣɨɬɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɵ ɞɟɬɹɦɧɟ
ɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɢɝɪɞɟ-
ɬɟɣɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɲɧɭɪɞɨɥɠɟɧɜɫɟɝɞɚɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɧɟɡɨɧɵɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹ
ɞɟɬɟɣɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɫɪɨɤɚɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɹɯɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɫɞɟɥɚɜɩɪɢ-
ɛɨɪɧɟɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨ-
ɛɵɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɝɪɭɲɤɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɏɪɚɧɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɦɟɫɬɚɯɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɟɬɹɦ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɥɢɰɚɦɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢ-
ɦɢɢɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɧɟɭɦɟɸɳɢɦɢɢɥɢɧɟɩɪɨɛɨ-
ɜɚɜɲɢɦɢɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹɫɬɚɤɢɦɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɢɩɨɞ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɡɚɧɢɯɥɢɰɚɢɩɨɫɥɟɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɹɢɯɫɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɚɦɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɢɯɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɯɨɬ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɥɢ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸɫɟɬɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɟɣɧɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɜɥɟɱɶɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɢɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɪɨɡɟɬɤɟɫɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɦɨɤɪɵɦɢɪɭɤɚɦɢɢɥɢɛɨɫɵɦɢɧɨɝɚɦɢ
ȿɫɥɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɬɨɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɥɸɛɵɯɪɢɫɤɨɜɨɧ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɥɢɛɨɫɚɦɢɦɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɥɢɛɨɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ
ɐɟɧɬɪɟɈɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɥɢɛɨɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɷɬɢɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ ɥɸɛɵɟɞɪɭɝɢɟ
66
RU
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɩɟɱɤɢɭɬɸɝɢɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɢɢɬɞɤɨɞɧɨɣɢ
ɬɨɣɠɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɟɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
ȁȑȞȜȕȎȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȡȧȓȞȏȎȐȩȕȐȎțțȎȭȖțȩȚȖ
ȝȞȖȥȖțȎȚȖ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɛɚɱɨɤɜɨɞɨɣɁɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɜɨɞɨɣ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶɩɪɢɜɵɧɭɬɨɣɜɢɥɤɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɷɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɨɤɚ
ȼɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
Ɉɫɬɚɜɥɹɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɞɚɠɟɧɚɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɟɝɨɧɚ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶ-
ɧɨɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɲɧɭɪɨɬɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɭɩɚɥ ɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵ ɹɜɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɨɡɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɩɨ-
ɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦɥɢɛɨɟɫɥɢɢɡɧɟɝɨɤɚɩɚɟɬɜɨɞɚɋɪɚɡɭ
ɜɵɬɚɳɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɵɣɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɥɸɛɨɝɨɪɢɫɤɚɜɫɟɪɟɦɨɧɬɵɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɡɚɦɟɧɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɩɢɬɚ-
ɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ
ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɢɥɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣȼɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɹɧɟɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ǺȓȞȩȏȓȕȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȖȝȜȝȞȓȒȜȠȐȞȎȧȓțȖȬȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɫɟɛɹɧɚɫɜɨɸɨɞɟɠɞɭ
ɂɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɱɚɫɬɹɦɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɨɣɢɥɢ
ɩɚɪɨɦɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɥɢɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɢɡɡɚɨɩɚɫ-
ɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɠɨɝɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɧ-
ɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚɡɚɳɢɬɚɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɨɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ
ɫɜɵɛɪɨɫɚɦɢɩɚɪɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɟɝɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɢɜɩɟɪɜɵɟɦɢɧɭɬɵɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɱɚɫɬɟɣɬɟɥɚ
ɢɥɢɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ
ȼɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɝɥɚɠɤɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɫɥɨɧɹɬɶɨɬɩɚɪɢɜɚɬɟɥɶɤɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɟ
ɬɚɤɱɬɨɛɵɩɚɪɨɜɵɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɛɵɥɢɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠ-
ɧɭɸɨɬɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɉɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɜɵɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɜɵɧɭɥɢɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ
ɟɝɨɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɥɭ
67
RU
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɬɪɭɸɩɚɪɚɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɥɸɞɟɣɠɢ-
ɜɨɬɧɵɯɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣɢɥɢɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɞɭɯɨɜɤɚ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪ-
țȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɱɚɥɨɦɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɪɚɡɦɨɬɚɣɬɟɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɲɧɭɪ
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɧɟɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɟɣɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɩɨɥɨɦɤɚɦɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ
ɇɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɛɟɡɜɨɞɵɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɥɨɦɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɫɨɫɊɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɩɪɨ-
ɜɟɪɹɬɶɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɵɜɛɚɤɟ
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ
ȿɫɥɢɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɚɹɜɨɞɚɨɱɟɧɶɠɟɫɬɤɚɹɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɞɟɦɢ-
ɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɜɨɞɭ
ȼɵɧɢɦɚɹɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɧɟɬɹɧɭɬɶɡɚɩɪɨɜɨɞ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚɭɬɸɝɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɢɫɥɟɝɤɚɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸɢɬɨɥɶ-
ɤɨɩɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɜɵɜɵɬɚɳɢɥɢɜɢɥɤɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɡ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɢɜɫɟɱɚɫɬɢɭɬɸɝɚɨɫɬɵɥɢɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɥɸɛɵɟɪɚɫɬɜɨ-
ɪɢɬɟɥɢɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɱɚɫɬɢ
ɇɟɧɚɥɢɜɚɬɶɜɛɚɱɨɤɭɤɫɭɫɭɦɹɝɱɢɬɟɥɶɢɥɢɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ɜɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɦɟɫɬɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɟɝɨɧɚɠɚɜɧɚɩɟɪɟ-
ɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ-ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɜɫɟɝɞɚɜɵɧɢɦɚɬɶɲɧɭɪɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɫɹɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɦɢɧɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɟ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɬɜɨɞɵ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
ɞɨɠɞɶɫɨɥɧɰɟɢɬɞ
Ⱦɥɹɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣȾɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ(8ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɡɧɚɤɨ-
ɦɢɬɶɫɹɫɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɩɚɦɹɬɤɨɣ
ȃǾǮǻǶȀȊ ǻǮǿȀǼȍȇdzdz ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼ ȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮ-
ȄǶǶ
ǶȒȓțȠȖȢȖȘȎȤȖȜțțȩȓȒȎțțȩȓ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɣɩɨɞɛɚɡɨɣɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɭɤɚɡɚɧɵɜɫɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢ-
68
RU
ɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚȿɋ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɆɨɞ
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣʋ61
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟȼɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ:
ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɚɹɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɚɹɫɥɭɠɛɚɬɟɯɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɉɪɢɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɰɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɤɚɡɚɬɶɦɨ-
ɞɟɥɶɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǿǼǰdzȀȉ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶɭɬɸɝɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɭɧɚɨɞɟɠɞɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɭɸɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɩɨɝɥɚɠɤɟȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɨɬ-
ɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɬɤɚɧɢɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬɝɥɚɞɢɬɶɧɚɣɞɢɬɟɫɚɦɨɟɦɚɥɨɡɚ-
ɦɟɬɧɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɧɟɣɉɨɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟɩɪɨɝɥɚɞɢɬɶɜɷɬɨɦɦɟɫɬɟ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɲɟɥɤɨɜɵɯɢɛɚɪɯɚɬɧɵɯɬɤɚɧɹɯɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɟɳɢɥɭɱɲɟɝɥɚɞɢɬɶɜ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɫɧɢɡɭɜɜɟɪɯ
ȿɫɥɢɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɡɚɫɨɪɹɬɶɫɹɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɫɥɵɲɚɬɶɫɹɲɭɦɩɨɯɨɠɢɣɧɚɛɭɥɶɤɚɧɶɟɊɟɝɭ-
ɥɹɪɧɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɣɬɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɩɚɪɨɜɵɯɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ
Ⱦɥɹɝɥɚɠɤɢɨɞɟɠɞɵɢɡɛɨɥɟɟɠɟɫɬɤɢɯɢɬɨɥɫɬɵɯɬɤɚɧɟɣɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɪɚɡɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢɩɨ
ɧɢɦɨɬɩɚɪɢɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdzǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
$ɓɟɬɤɚ
%ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɞɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɬɵɲɤɨɜ
&ȼɨɞɹɧɨɣɛɚɤ
'Ʉɧɨɩɤɢɨɬɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ
(Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
)ɍɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
*ɉɨɞɨɲɜɚɫɩɚɪɨɜɵɦɢɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɦɢ
+Ɇɟɧɡɭɪɤɚ
, ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
- Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
.ɒɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ǵȎȝȜșțȓțȖȓȏȎȥȘȎȝȓȞȓȒȝȞȖȚȓțȓțȖȓȚ
ǼȟȠȜȞȜȔțȜǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȜȠȞȎȐȚȩ
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɜɨɞɨɣɜɵɧɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɦɨɤɪɵɣɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɜɝɧɟɡɞɨȼɵɬɪɢɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɫɭɯɨɣɬɤɚ-
ɧɶɸ
ȼɵɧɶɬɟɜɫɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɡɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
69
RU
ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɧɚɤɧɨɩɤɢɨɬɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚȼɵɧɶɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɢɡɝɧɟɡɞɚɊɢɫ
Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɶɩɪɨɛɤɭɛɚɱɤɚ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ0$;Ɋɢɫ
ȽɬɦɮɲɛɠɪɩɝɶɳɠɨɨɩɤɡɠɬɭɥɩɬɭɣɜɩɦɠɠIɝɩɟɶɫɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɮɠɭɬɺɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɭɷ
ɝɩɟɶɣɢɪɩɟɥɫɛɨɛɣɟɣɬɭɣɦɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɨɩɤɝɩɟɶ
Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɜɝɧɟɡɞɨɓɟɥɱɨɤɛɭɞɟɬɡɧɚɤɨɦɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɲɚɪɧɢɪɡɚɤɪɵɥɫɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶ-
ɧɨɊɢɫ
Ɉɣɥɩɞɟɛɨɠɨɛɪɩɦɨɺɭɷɜɛɲɩɥɝɶɳɠɧɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɩɞɩɮɫɩɝɨɺɟɦɺɫɛɜɩɭɶɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɧɩɡ-
ɨɩɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɭɷɩɜɶɲɨɮɹɝɩɟɩɪɫɩɝɩɟɨɮɹɝɩɟɮɈɣɪɫɣɥɛɥɣɰɮɬɦɩɝɣɺɰɨɠɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩ-
ɝɛɭɷɩɟɨɮɟɠɧɣɨɠɫɛɦɣɢɩɝɛɨɨɮɹɝɩɟɮ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȞȖȥȖțȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȐȞȓȒȎ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɩɭɫɬɵɦɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɦ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɤɚɤɢɟɥɢɛɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥ
ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɢɨɬɞɭɲɤɢɢɞɪɜɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ǰȘșȬȥȓțȖȓȝȞȖȏȜȞȎ
Ɋɫɣɪɠɫɝɩɧɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɣɪɫɣɜɩɫɠɝɩɢɧɩɡɨɩɪɩɺɝɦɠɨɣɠɦɠɞɥɩɞɩɟɶɧɥɛɸɭɩɝɪɩɦɨɠ
ɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɩɠɺɝɦɠɨɣɠɥɩɭɩɫɩɠɣɬɲɠɢɨɠɭɲɠɫɠɢɥɩɫɩɭɥɣɤɪɫɩɧɠɡɮɭɩɥɝɫɠɧɠɨɣ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɳɟɬɤɭɢɥɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɞɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɬɵɲɤɨɜɊɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ɇɚɠɚɬɶɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ-ȼɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣɜɤɧɨɩɤɭɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɚɱɧɟɬɦɢɝɚɬɶ
ɉɨɞɨɲɜɚɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɫɹȿɫɥɢɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹɝɨɪɢɬɧɟɦɢɝɚɹ
ɷɬɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɱɬɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɝɪɟɥɫɹɞɨɧɭɠɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɢɝɨɬɨɜɤɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɟɪɜɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢɩɨɞɨɲɜɨɣɨɬɩɚɪɢɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɩɨɧɟɧɭɠɧɨɦɭɤɭɫɤɭɬɤɚɧɢɋɥɟɞɢɬɟɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɞɨɲɜɚɨɬɩɚɪɢɜɚɬɟɥɹɢɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɧɚɯɨ-
ɞɢɥɢɫɶɜɱɢɫɬɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ȿɫɥɢɧɟɧɚɠɚɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɚ(ɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦɢɧɭɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɪɟɠɢɦɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ
ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɦɢɝɚɬɶɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɚɞɥɹɩɪɢɜɟ-
ɞɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɇɚɠɢɦɚɣɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɚ(ɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪɩɨɤɚɧɟɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɩɚɪɉɚɪɧɟɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ
ɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɧɚɠɚɬɢɹɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɚɪɚɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɜɨɞɚɞɨɥɠɧɚɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɬɶɩɭɬɶɨɬɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ
ɞɨɩɚɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɩɨɬɤɚɧɢ
ɉɪɢɤɪɟɩɢɬɟɳɟɬɤɭɢɥɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɞɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɬɵɲɤɨɜɓɟɥɱɨɤɛɭɞɟɬɡɧɚɤɨɦɬɨɝɨ
ɱɬɨɲɚɪɧɢɪɡɚɤɪɵɥɫɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɊɢɫ
ɉɨɜɟɫɶɬɟ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ ɧɚ ɜɟɲɚɥɤɭ ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɨɬɩɚɪɢɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɨ ɨɞɟɠɞɟ ɇɚɠɢɦɚɣɬɟ ɧɟ-
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɪɚɡɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɚ(
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɢ ɩɚɪɚ ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɩɚɪɚ ɉɟɪɟ-
ɞɜɢɧɶɬɟɛɟɝɭɧɨɤɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɞɥɹɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɤɧɢɡɭɊɢɫ
ǼȟȠȜȞȜȔțȜȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȜȔȜȑȜȐǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕȑȜȞȎțȖȭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɨɬɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɞɜɢ-
70
RU
ɠɟɧɢɹɦɢɜɜɟɪɯɜɧɢɡɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɢɥɢɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɦɩɨ-
ɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɨɝɞɚɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵɤɧɢɡɭɊɢɫɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɹɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ
ɜɨɞɵɱɟɪɟɡɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
ǼȟȠȜȞȜȔțȜȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɬɤɚɧɹɯɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɞɟɪɠɢɬɞɪɭɝɨɣɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ
ǻȎȝȜșțȓțȖȓȏȎȘȎȐȝȞȜȤȓȟȟȓȝȞȖȚȓțȓțȖȭ
Ɋɩɬɭɩɺɨɨɩɪɫɩɝɠɫɺɭɷɬɩɟɠɫɡɛɨɣɠɝɩɟɶɝɜɛɥɠɝɭɠɲɠɨɣɣɞɦɛɡɥɣ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɥɚɜɢɲɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ-ɱɬɨɛɵɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ȼɵɧɭɬɶɲɧɭɪɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȾɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɦɢɧɭɬ
ɋɧɹɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ0$;Ɋɢɫ
Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɜɝɧɟɡɞɨɓɟɥɱɨɤɛɭɞɟɬɡɧɚɤɨɦɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɲɚɪɧɢɪɡɚɤɪɵɥɫɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶ-
ɧɨɊɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ɇɚɠɚɬɶɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ-
ǼȟȐȓȔȖȠȓȜȒȓȔȒȡȝȞȖȝȜȚȜȧȖȧȓȠȘȖ
ǼȟȠȜȞȜȔțȜȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɬɶɤɫɛɨɪɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɥɢɫɧɹɬɢɸɚɤɫɫɟɫɭɚɪɨɜɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵ-
ɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɫɹ
ɉɪɢɤɪɟɩɢɬɟɳɟɬɤɭɓɟɥɱɨɤɛɭɞɟɬɡɧɚɤɨɦɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɲɚɪɧɢɪɡɚɤɪɵɥɫɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɊɢɫ
ɉɨɜɟɫɶɬɟɨɞɟɠɞɭɧɚɜɟɲɚɥɤɭɉɨɬɹɧɢɬɟɨɞɟɠɞɭɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣɪɭɤɨɣɉɪɢɫɥɨɧɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɤ
ɫɤɥɚɞɤɚɦɧɚɨɞɟɠɞɟɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɚ(ɢɡɚɬɟɦɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɟɟɟɈɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɣɬɟɱɢɫɬɤɭ
ɳɟɬɤɨɣɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɟɪɯɢɜɧɢɡɇɚɠɢɦɚɣɬɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɪɚɡɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɚ(
Ⱦɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɢɥɶɧɨɣɢɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɪɭɢɩɚɪɚɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟɛɟɝɭɧɨɤɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɤɧɢɡɭɊɢɫ
Ⱦɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɟɟɫɢɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɪɭɢɩɚɪɚɨɬɤɪɟɩɢɬɟɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɳɟɬɤɭ
ɉɨɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢɨɬɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɨɞɟɠɞɭɧɚɜɟɲɚɥɤɟɩɨɞɫɨɯɧɭɬɶ
ȁȒȎșȖȠȓȘȎȠȩȦȘȖȟȜȒȓȔȒȩ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɳɟɬɤɭɊɢɫ
ɉɪɢɤɪɟɩɢɬɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɞɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɬɵɲɤɨɜɓɟɥɱɨɤɛɭɞɟɬɡɧɚɤɨɦɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɲɚɪɧɢɪ
ɡɚɤɪɵɥɫɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɊɢɫ
ɉɨɜɟɫɶɬɟɨɞɟɠɞɭɧɚɜɟɲɚɥɤɭɉɨɬɹɧɢɬɟɨɞɟɠɞɭɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣɪɭɤɨɣɉɪɢɫɥɨɧɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɤ
ɫɤɥɚɞɤɚɦɧɚɨɞɟɠɞɟɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɚ(ɢɡɚɬɟɦɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɟɟɟɉɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɣɬɟɩɪɢ-
ɛɨɪɫɩɪɚɜɚɧɚɥɟɜɨɇɚɠɢɦɚɣɬɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɪɚɡɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɚ(
ǼȏȖȐȘȎȒșȭȚȓȏȓșȖȦȠȜȞȩȖȠȘȎțȖ
ɒɬɨɪɵɢɨɞɟɠɞɭɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɩɚɪɢɜɚɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɜ ɜɢɫɹɱɟɦɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɋɤɚɬɟɪɬɢɢ ɨɛɢɜɨɱɧɵɟ
ɬɤɚɧɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɨɞɜɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɧɚɩɚɥɤɟɩɨɯɨɠɟɣɧɚɤɚɪɧɢɡɞɥɹɲɬɨɪɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɱɚɥɨɦɝɥɚɠ-
ɤɢɜɟɳɟɣɢɡɞɟɥɢɤɚɬɧɵɯɬɤɚɧɟɣɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɧɚɱɚɥɚɩɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶɜɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɡɚɨɬɜɨɪɨɬɨɦ
DZșȎȔȓțȖȓȟȝȎȞȜȚ
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RU
ɉɭɪɛɫɣɝɛɨɣɹɪɩɟɦɠɡɣɭɭɩɦɷɥɩɭɛɩɟɠɡɟɛɨɛɸɭɣɥɠɭɥɠɥɩɭɩɫɩɤɣɧɠɠɭɬɺɩɭɧɠɭɥɛ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɳɟɬɤɭɊɢɫ
Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɬɤɚɧɶɧɚɝɥɚɞɢɥɶɧɨɣɞɨɫɤɟɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɜɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɱɬɨɛɵɩɚɪɨɜɵɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɛɵɥɢɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵɤɧɢɡɭɊɢɫ
ǽǼǿǹdzǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶȍǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɥɚɜɢɲɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ-ɱɬɨɛɵɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ȼɵɧɭɬɶɲɧɭɪɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȾɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɦɢɧɭɬ
ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɜɵɥɢɬɶɜɨɞɭɢɡɛɚɤɚɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɢɡɛɟɝɚɹɨɬɫɬɨɹɜɨɞɵɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɦɨɠɟɬ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɫɭɯɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɟɨɬɞɟɬɟɣ
ǼȅǶǿȀǸǮǶȀdzȃǼǯǿǹȁǴǶǰǮǻǶdz
ǼȟȠȜȞȜȔțȜȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɉɟɪɟɞɱɢɫɬɤɨɣɢɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɟɝɞɚɜɵɧɢɦɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȾɚɬɶ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɦɢɧɭɬ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȞȖȥȖțȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȐȞȓȒȎ
ɇɟɧɚɦɚɬɵɜɚɣɬɟɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɨɤɪɭɝɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɜɨɪɫɳɟɬɤɢ
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȝȞȖȏȜȞȎ
ɉɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɱɢɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɫɚɥɮɟɬɤɢɩɨ-
ɫɥɟɱɟɝɨɩɪɨɬɟɪɟɬɶɫɭɯɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɞɥɹ
ɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǼȥȖȧȓțȖȓȏȎȘȎ
Ⱦɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɧɚɥɟɣɬɟɜɧɟɝɨɱɢɫɬɨɣɜɨɞɵɫɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɢɜɵɥɟɣɬɟ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȞȖȥȖțȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȐȞȓȒȎ
ɇɟɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɬɶɜɛɚɤɭɤɫɭɫɚɧɬɢɧɚɤɢɩɢɧɢɥɢɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɜɩɪɨɬɢɜ-
ɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ
Ⱦɛɫɛɨɭɣɺɨɠɫɛɬɪɫɩɬɭɫɛɨɺɠɭɬɺɨɛɪɩɝɫɠɡɟɠɨɣɺɝɶɢɝɛɨɨɶɠɩɜɫɛɢɩɝɛɨɣɠɧɨɛɥɣɪɣ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎțȎȟȎȒȜȘ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɑɬɨɛɵɩɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɳɟɬɤɭɭɞɚɥɢɬɟɫɧɟɟɩɵɥɶɪɭɤɚɦɢ
Ⱦɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɞɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɬɵɲɤɨɜɩɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦɫɩɪɚɜɚɧɚɥɟɜɨ
ɩɨɱɢɫɬɨɦɭɩɨɥɨɬɟɧɰɭ
Ⱦɚɬɚɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ61ZN\UDEFGHIJ
ɝɞɟZN±ɧɟɞɟɥɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
72
RU
\U±ɝɨɞɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
DEFGHIJ±ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɈɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɧɢɡɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨ-
ɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɚɜɝɭɫɬɚɝɨɞɚ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜªɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟ-
ɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɞɟɤɚɛɪɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟ-
ɥɢɹ
%aȽɰȼɬɄɥɚɫɫ,±,3;
ɋɞɟɥɚɧɨɜɄɢɬɚɟ
ɂɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɈɈɈ©Ɇɟɞɢɚɬɟɯª
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɢɰɚɋɚɞɨɜɚɹɌɪɢɭɦɮɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɦɫɬɪɨɟ-
ɧɢɟɉɈɆ,ɄɈɆ
ɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɍɫɚɱɟɜɚɞɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɨɦ,,ɤɨɦ
?ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ'H¶/RQJKL$SSOLDQFHV6UO©ȾɟɥɨɧɝɢȺɩɩɥɚɟɧɫɢɫɋɊɅªȺɞɪɟɫɂɬɚɥɢɹ
ɎɥɨɪɟɧɰɢɹɄɚɦɩɢȻɢɡɟɧɰɢɨȼɢɚɋɄɭɢɪɢɤɨ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɣɢɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɦɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɫɚɣɬɟKWWSZZZDULHWHQHWUXDVVLVWDQFH
Ƚɨɪɹɱɚɹɥɢɧɢɹ$ULHWH
Ɍɨɜɚɪɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟɢɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸɧɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɦɟɫɬɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɣɫɪɨɤɝɨɞɚɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟ-
ɥɢɹ
73
AR
ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ ﺔّﻴﻤﺤﻣو ،ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ
يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻠﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳاو صﺮﺤﺑ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ةءاﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
هﺬﻫ ﻖﻓرأ .ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌا ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻼﻟ ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا .راﴐﻷاو ثداﻮﺤﻟا عﻮﻗو ﻊﻨﳌ ،ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ
.ﻐﻠﻟ ﻪﺋاﺪﻫإ وأ ﻪﻌﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا زﻮﻣﺮﻟﺎﺑ ةﺰﻴﻤﻣ ،ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ةدراﻮﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
رﺎﻄﺧأو ةﺒﻛ راﴐأ عﻮﻗو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣإ ﻦﻣ رﺬﺤﻳ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﺘﻴﻤﻣ ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ دﻮﻌﺗ رﺎﻄﺧأ
ةﻄﺧ ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ وأ تﺎﺑﺎﺻإ عﻮﻗو ﻦﻣ رﺬﺤﻳ ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ وأ ﺔﻄﻴﺴﺑ تﺎﺑﺎﺻإ عﻮﻗو ﻦﻣ رﺬﺤﻳ ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ضﺮﻐﻟا
.ﺲﺑﻼﳌا شﺎﻌﻧإو ّ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻊﻨﺻ
.ءﺎﻣ نوﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا عﻮﻨﻤﻣ .رﺎﺨﺒﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﻳ فﺮﻏ ﰲ وأ ﻖﻠﻄﻟا ءاﻮﻬﻟا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﺔّﻓﺎﺟ تﺎﺌﻴﺑ ﻞﺧادو ﻖﻠﻐﻣ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﺑﻮﻃر
نﺎﻣﻷا تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا صﺮﺤﺑ أﺮﻗا
KsjxlLz`s5exMk=˯\ʁ`bf%ʘpz9`l\eʜr_1k˯ʓ_˴M4ʘb le1p!`.ogf<
ةدﺎﻳز .ﺎﻬﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ ﻲﺘﻟا ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ضاﺮﻏﻷ وأ ﺊﻃﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻣ
.ﺎﻬﺘﻐﻴﺻ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻬﻣ ،نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﻖﺋﻻ ﻐﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا يدﺆﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ
lLUa)e?0PʜrD(b]91p!`_˴M4lL!k`/ʌʜlLz`s5exMk=˯\ʁ`bf%ʘ
.ﺐﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ضاﺮﻏﻷا
˼P+sɬ"k˯VzaQlL"k`EM`lfAʘzj!˯jz=`iʜza<ʜVzaQ`+sɬGU$ʘ&=ky
.ﺺّﺧﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﱃإ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻘﺋﻻ
z0p\e,<rZy0$/E(KsXr˰x+yil]˽1p!`Nj<le+/se˼PrYʘ˼P,Me_˴M4
.صﺎﺨﺷﻷﺎﺑ رﴬﻟا قﺎﺤﻟإ وأ
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻄﻳﴍ ،تاﻮﻨﺳ ٨lLgo/˴L,y2ly.`_UDʜbXle1p!`_˴M4l]˽
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺿﺮﻌﳌا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا اﻮﻛردأو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻤﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا
،تاﻮﻨﺳ ٨lLgo/˴LbY+ʘrpcsYyʘi!yc,)5˯cpelf@ɴ{`jz=`rVzIk`_˴L
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺐﻌﻠﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ حﺴﻟا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻄﻳﴍو
.تاﻮﻨﺳ ٨lLgo/˴LbYly.`_UDʜlLɀ,zMɪ0p]`b]`r1p!`JU$!y
gpzaL0E(/,=eb]9pjʜ_UDʜ_rkeʓVzaQ`+se[ɰʘ
+y1z0p]`y.Q`b\>X_ʙ(leq`˴M4Nke˱LbfM`!yɪpjb]91p!`.ole>a)`,kL
.ﻪﺑ ﺐﻌﻠﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ
74
AR
_UDʜ_rkelLɀ,zMr ɇ
S i]eʓ1p!`JU$
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
iEzyʀzaYM`rz ɇ
5%`rzy2zU`gosXbe\is]a˽ʘly.`;)8ʜbXle1p!`_˴M4l]˽
رﺎﻄﺧﻷا اﻮﻛردأو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻤﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺿﺮﻌﳌا
z0p]`]9``sU`ZEeesaM˯XE˱L˾˯`sU`i,\0p]`1p!`bz<sbX
+s$r/ʌKsXr˰x+yil]feMj=`\ʁ`bXle=(ɇ0e˼Q`z0p]`ʙ<s`_˴M4
ʐ/ɪ0p\.(ɬɧ+1p!`b<r
t0(bs4ʓr˯ʓ1p!`6EQʘ
˾e,Y`ʓ$k\-r˯`sae^y,yj\-1p!`bfM5ʘ
ʓrp`N`zkU`jz=`g5XbXlerMj=`\ʁ`bXleq`,4!yɪ0p]`b]`Va`$ʓ
.رﺎﻄﺧﻷا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﺎﺤﺘﻟ ،لﻋﻷا هﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﳌ ﻞﻫﺆﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ لاﻮﺣﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ
0E(ɪ0p]`.(˯6Uj˱Lo˼PrN9ers]erT,jɇ)4z`L/,X-0(1p xb<sʘ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺤﻟا زوﺎﺠﺗ
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ دﻮﻌﺗ رﺎﻄﺧأ
˯i2)`MzafMczY`bXɪ0p]`.(˯le6Y`%4!y1p!`bzQ9bX˯i2)`ʝe
bfM`zM@rʓis]ye,kLFYT1p!`bM8
{YT&E4˱L1p!`N@
z0p]`]9`qa<rkX0eir,1p!`[ɰʘ
b=Tr1p!`UDXs`le˼=XɰU`s`r1p!`lL+Mʘ`$ʓɇ0Y5er{YT&E4˱L1p!`N@
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺎاد
rEM``$ʓrqzaLz0e/ʌ+s r`$ʓr?/ʜ˱LqDsY4`$ʓ1p!`_˴M4c,L!y
ﻻ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ًارﻮﻓ ﻞﺼﻓأ .ﻪﻨﻣ ءﺎﳌا بﴪﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ وأ ضرﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻪﻃﻮﻘﺳ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺐﻄﻌﻟا ﰲ ﻚﺸﻟا
ﻂﻘﻓ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ ﺢﻴﻠﺼﺘﻟا لﻋأ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﺐﻄﻋ ﻪﻴﻓ تﺪﺟو اذإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞّﻐﺸﺗ
،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻜﻌﻟا ﲆﻋ .ثداﻮﺤﻟاو رﺎﻄﺧﻷا عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﻞﻫﺆﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ ﺺّﺧﺮﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﰲ
.نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﻮﻌﻔﻣ ﻂﻘﺴﻳ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
py,0{`6ʙ˯˱Lr^f5 m!1p!`ɀYaEebfM5ʘ
qUD˳{`ZX,`_ʙ(r1p!`bfLk/)`rl(5`˯r1p!`lezj,M˯2 ʜ6faʘ
.قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ
le^ap5˯y˴%&f5ʘʁk`m.oKs@seb]9yx.`1p!a`z9jʞU<s˯Wɰ$ʘ0E(
.ﻪﺋﺎﻔﻃإ ﲇﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ وأ يدﺎﻌﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءاﻮﺳ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا عّزﻮﻣ ﺔﺴﻣﻼﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣإ
z`2kejsz$m!rg5!`le2 m!/)`Kɇ1seqɇ sʘ
, sx.`i]fa`6\M˯m!ʘe ɇ
˴=`qzTis]b]9,k5˯˱L/)`Kɇ1seN@ɇʗ`zafLk
.ﻪﻴﻓ ﺖﻧأ
?/ʜ˱L1p!`[0ɪ0p]`.(˯lL6Y`b=Tr1p!`UD,M
وأ تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا وأ تﺎﻧاﻮﻴﺤﻟا وأ صﺎﺨﺷﻷا ﻮﺤﻧ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﳌا رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻪّﺟﻮﺗ ﻻ
.(ناﺮﻓﻷا ﻞﺧاد لﺎﺜﳌا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﲆﻋ) ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ءاﺰﺟأ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا
75
AR
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
1p!`_˴M4bXɧ+b]` ɇ
^ɆT
+s$r/ʌKsXrʓ5yil]˽Mj=`\ʁ`bXlep# ɇ
ʇe˼Q`z0p]`ʙ<s`_˴M4
i2)`ʓ˯ts5elecIjZY%Va`˰)A˯?0MleɀTs(eir,1p!`bfM5ʘ
4ɰ`lez`L5j˱Lxs%mz˯j\-ljs0]`,z5\˻pz`SAey1PmzebfM5ʘ
.ندﺎﻌﳌا ﺎﻬﻨﻣ عوﺰﻨﻣ هﺎﻴﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا
b]`ɇ,8_ʙ(leɪ0p]`.(˯lL6Y`b=Uʘ
E4sFYT1p!`VzIkl]˽2 ʜNzf +r0Ʌrɪ0p]`.(˯lLz0p]`y.Q`b\6Xb=T,M
ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ يدﺆﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ تﺎﺒﻳﺬﻣ ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻼﻴﻠﻗ ﺔﺒﻃﺮﻣو ﺔﻨﺸﺧ ﻏ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ
.ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا
+p8_E˰ɀ/sTx+y^`-iʜ˼EMa`t0(ʆkLrz5a]`4ɰ``1ʞ+ser ɇb(iɇ2)`ʓNAʘ
.نﻀﻟا
نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺎاد ﻞﺼﻓأ .ﻪﻈﻔﺣ ﻞﺒﻗ (Jɇ/2`˱LFQA`_ʙ(le1p!`UD
.ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ناّﺰﺨﻟا غّﺮﻓ .(ﺔﻘﻴﻗد ٣٠ ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ) دﱪﻳ
o˼Pr6f9`r0E˯ys!`besMa`?ɇ0Me2o!`[ɰʘ
CE/١٩/٢٠١٢ ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺺﻨﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣو ،ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ
.ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﳌاو ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا ةءاﺮﻗ ﻰﺟﺮﻳ ،
˴zaM`m.pɧ+JU$
ﺔﻴﻨﻓ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
:زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺖﺤﺗ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ يﻮﺘﺤﺗ
CEeʙM`rNj=`
(.Modby+s˯
(SNLsf!˯gX/
6˼o++ɰ`r`sTz0p]`y.Q`ɇzEaT
Cr=f˯z0p]`/,Y`
jz=`ryL0`g5XVogX/
.ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻢﻗرو ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا ﺮﻛذ ﺐﺠﻳ ،لّﻮﺨﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
تﺎﺣاﱰﻗا
ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺞﻴﺴﻨﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ .ةاﻮﻜﳌا ﻦﻋ ﻞﻳﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻞّﻜﺸﻳ ﻻ
يﺮﺟأ .ﺞﻴﺴﻨﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺮﻣ ﻏ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺑا ،ﺔﻌﻄﻘﻟا ﺞﻴﺴﻧ ﺔﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻜﻤﺘﺗ اذإ .ﺔﻴﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺒﻟا
.ﺔﻄﻘﻨﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺗ
لﺎﻔﺳﻷا ﻦﻣ وأ ﺔﺴﻛﺎﻌﳌا ﺔﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻊﻄﻘﻟا ﺾﻌﺑ ّ ﻦﺴﺤﺘﺴﻳ .ﻞﻤﺨﳌا وأ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺠﺴﻧأ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
.ﲆﻋﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ
76
AR
.تﺎﻣّﺼﻟا ﺔﻓﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻖّﻘﺤﺗ . ﺔﻘﺒﻘﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻴﺒﺷ تﻮﺻ عﺳ ﻢﺘﻳ ،تﺎﻣ ّ
ﺼﻟا داﺪﺴﻧا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ةّﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻛأ ةﺎﺷﺮﻔﻟا ﺮﻳﺮ ﱃإ جﺎﺘﺤﺗ ﺔﻜﻴﻤﺴﻟاو ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻘﻟا ﺲﺑﻼﳌا
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ - A
ﺮﺑﻮﻠﻟ ةادأ - B
ءﺎﻣ ناﺰﺧ - C
ناﺰﺨﻟا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرز - D
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز - E
ﺮﻤﺘﺴﳌا رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺗ ﺔﻗ ّﻻز - F
تﺎﻣّﺻ ﻊﻣ ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺻ - G
ءﺎﳌا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ - H
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﲆﻋ لﺪﺗ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﺿ ةرﺎﺷإ - I
ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻠﻟ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا حﺎﺘﻔﳌا - J
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ - K
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ ﱃإ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ
.ﺔّﻓﺎﺟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ .ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ لﻮﻠﺒﻣ نﺎﻛ اذإ هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
١ ..ﺔﺒﻠﻌﻟا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﻣ ﺪﻌﺑأ
٢ ..ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻲﻘﻓأ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ
٣ ..ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﻚﻓ
٤ ..(٢ ﻞﻜﺷ) هّﺮﻘﻣ ﻦﻣ ناّﺰﺨﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ .ناﺰﺨﻟا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
٥ ..ءﺎﳌا ناﺰﺧ ةداﺪﺳ ﺢﺘﻓ
٦ ..(٤ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإو جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناّﺰﺨﻟا ﻸﻣا
نﻮﻜﻣ ﺞﻳﺰﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا (f°٢٠ ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ ةوﺎﺴﻗ) ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ ءﺎﳌا نﺎﻛ اذإ
.ندﺎﻌﳌا ﻪﻨﻣ عوﺰﻨﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ٪٥٠ و ﺔﻴﻔﻨﺤﻟا ءﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ ٪٥٠ ﻦﻣ
٧ ..ناّﺰﺨﻟا ةداﺪﺳ ﻖﻠﻏأ
٨ ..(٦ ﻞﻜﺷ) "ﺔّﻘﻃ" عﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﺧدﻹا ﻢﺘﻳ .هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ناّﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﻳدﺎﻌﻟا ﺔﻴﻔﻨﺤﻟا ءﺎﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻤﻌﺗ .ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﻳ ىﻮﺘﺴ ناﺰﺨﻟا ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻸ ﻻ
.ندﺎﻌﳌا ﻪﻨﻣ عوﺰﻨﻣ ﰲﺎﺻ ءﺎﻣ ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ءﺎﻣ نوﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
.نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ ًارﻮﻓ يدﺆﻳ ﻚﻟذ نﻷ :(ﺎﻫﻏو رﻮﻄﻌﻟا وأ ﺎﺸﻨﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ) يوﻴﻛ ﴫﻨﻋ وأ فﺎﻀﻣ يأ ﻒﻴﻀﺗ ﻻ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﺎﻌﺷإ
هﺬﻫ نﻷ ،ﻖﻠﻘﻟا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲو :نﺎﺧﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ﻪﻨﻋ رﺪﺼﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ
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.ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ اﺪﺟ ةﺼﻗ ةﱰﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ لوﺰﺗو ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ةﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟا
١ ..(٨ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺮﺑﻮﻟا ةادأ وأ ةﺎﺷﺮﻔﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ
٢ ..ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
٣ . ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .ﺨﺴﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺼﻟا أﺪﺒﺗ .ﺾﻴﻣو راﺪﺻﺈﺑ ّرﺰﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا أﺪﺒﺗ .(J) ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا حﺎﺘﻔﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﱃإ ﻞﺻو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﲆﻋ ﻚﻟذ لﺪﻳ ،ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا حﺎﺘﻔﻤﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا ﻞﻌﺸﻳ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﺰﻫﺎﺟ ﺢﺒﺿأو
.ناﺰﺨﻟاو ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺼﻟا ﺔﻓﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ .ﺔﺪﻗ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﲆﻋ ﺔﺤﻴﻔﺼﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ
أﺪﺒﻳ .standby ﻢﺳﺎﺑ فوﺮﻌﳌا داﺪﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﺿو ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻳ ،ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ٨ لﻼﺧ (E) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ اذإ
.ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻌﻔﺗ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا .ﺾﻴﻣﻮﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا حﺎﺘﻔﻤﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا
٤ . ،رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟا رﻮﻓ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جﺮﺨﻳ ﻻ .رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جوﺮﺧ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ةّﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻛأ (E) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
.رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺪّﻟﻮﻣ ﱃإ ناّﺰﺨﻟا ﻦﻣ ّﺮ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ءﺎﳌا نﻷ
٥ ..شﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا رّﺮﻣ
٦ ..(٧ ﻞﻜﺷ) "ﺔّﻘﻃ" عﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﺧدﻹا ﻢﺘﻳ .ﺮﺑﻮﻟا ﻖﺤﻠﻣ وأ ةﺎﺷﺮﻔﻟا ﺐّﻛر
٧ ..(E) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز ﲆﻋ ةﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻛأ ﻂﻐﺿا .ﺲﺑﻼﳌا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا رّﺮﻣ .ﺔﻗ ّﻼﻌﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺲﺑﻼﳌا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﻊﺿ
.(١٠ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻞﻔﺳﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﳌا رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺗ ﺔﻗ ّﻻز ﻞﻘﻧا .رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز ﻂﻐﺿا ،ﻢﺋادو ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ رﺎﺨﺑ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
ﻖﻳﺮﺤﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ .قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﺲﻜﻌﻟﺎﺑو ﲆﻋﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻞﻔﺳﻷا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳدﻮﻤﻋ تﺎﻛﺮﺤﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
ءﺎﳌا بّﴪﺗ ﺮﻄﺧ .(١٣ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻞﻔﺳﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ تﺎﻣ ّ
ﺼﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋو ،بﻮﻠﻘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ وأ ﺔﻴﻘﻓأ ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﰲ
ﻖﻳﺮﺣ ﺮﻄﺧ .تﺎﻣ ّ
ﺼﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا
قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﻦﻳﺮﺧآ صﺎﺨﺷأ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﺤﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﺸﻤﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺊﻠﻣ
.ّﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ناﺰﺨﻟا ﰲ ﻲﻘﺒﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺎاد ﺐﻗار
١ ..زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃإ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ (J) ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا حﺎﺘﻔﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
٢ ..ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺒﻟ دﱪﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﺮﺗا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا
٣ ..ناﺰﺨﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ
٤ ..(٤ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإو جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ناّﺰﺨﻟا ﻸﻣا
٥ ..ناّﺰﺨﻟا ةداﺪﺳ ﻖﻠﻏأ
٦ ..(٦ ﻞﻜﺷ) "ﺔّﻘﻃ" عﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﺧدﻹا ﻢﺘﻳ .هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ناّﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
٧ ..ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
٨ ..(J) ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا حﺎﺘﻔﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
ةﺎﺷﺮﻔﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺲﺑﻼﳌا ﺶﻌﻧأ
.قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .تﺎﻘﺤﻠﳌا دﺎﻌﺑإ وأ ﺐﻴﻛﱰﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻃأ
١ ..(٧ ﻞﻜﺷ) "ﺔّﻘﻃ" عﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﺧدﻹا ﻢﺘﻳ .ةﺎﺷﺮﻔﻟا ﺐّﻛر
٢ . ﺔﻌﻄﻗ تﺎّﻴﻃ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ .ﺪﻴﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻌﻄﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا .ﺔﻗ ّﻼﻌﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺲﺑﻼﳌا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﻊﺿ
ﻂﻐﺿا .ةﺎﺷﺮﻔﻟا رّﺮﻣ ﻢﺛ ،ﲆﻋﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑو ﻞﻔﺳﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كّﺮﺣ .ﻪﻴﺧرا ﻢﺛ (E) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا .ﺲﺑﻼﳌا
.(E) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز ﲆﻋ ةﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻛأ
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٣ ..(X ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻞﻔﺳﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﳌا رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺗ ﺔﻗ ّﻻز ﻞﻘﻧأ ،ﻢﺋادو ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ رﺎﺨﺑ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
٤ ..زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ ﺪﻌﺑأ ،يﻮﻗ رﺎﺨﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺗ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
٥ ..ّ
ﻒﺠﺗ ﻟ ﺔﻗ ّﻼﻌﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺲﺑﻼﳌا كﺮﺗا ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
ﺲﺑﻼﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺮﺑﻮﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ
١ .. (٨ ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﺎﺷﺮﻔﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ
٢ ..(٧ ﻞﻜﺷ) "ﺔّﻘﻃ" عﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﺧدﻹا ﻢﺘﻳ .ﺮﺑﻮﻟا ةادأ ﺐّﻛر
٣ . ﺔﻌﻄﻗ تﺎّﻴﻃ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ .ﺪﻴﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻌﻄﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا .ﺔﻗ ّﻼﻌﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺲﺑﻼﳌا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﻊﺿ
ّرز ﲆﻋ ةﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻛأ ﻂﻐﺿا .رﺎﺴﻴﻟا ﱃإ ﻤﻴﻟا ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كّﺮﺣ .ﻪﻴﺧرا ﻢﺛ (E) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا .ﺲﺑﻼﳌا
.(E) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا
ﺔﺸﻤﻗأو ﺮﺋﺎﺘﺳو نارﺪﺟ قرو
ﻲﺘﻟا ﺎﺼﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻴﺒﺷ ،ﺎﺼﻋ ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺐﺠﻳ نارﺪﺠﻟا قروو ةﺪﺋﺎﳌا ﺔﻴﻄﻏأ .ﺔﻘّﻠﻌﻣ ﻲﻫو ﺲﺑﻼﳌاو ﺮﺋﺎﺘﺴﻟا ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﻜ
.ﺔﻴﻨﺜﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻌﻄﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻲﻔﺨﻣ ءﺰﺟ ﲆﻋ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺗ ءاﺮﺟإ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻨﻟا ﺔﺸﻤﻗﻷا ّﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ .ﺮﺋﺎﺘﺴﻟا ﻖﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ
رﺎﺨﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﻟا
esaM˯XE˱Lʙ`CYk`eʙLbf%{`6ʙ˯ ɇʖFYTl]˽
١ .. (٨ ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﺎﺷﺮﻔﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ
٢ . هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ تﺎﻣ ّ
ﺼﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ ﺚﻴﺤﺑو ﺔﻳدﻮﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺐﺠﻳ .ّﻟا ﺔﻟوﺎﻃ ﲆﻋ شﻘﻟا ﻊﺿ
.(١٣ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻞﻔﺳﻷا
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
١ ..زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃإ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ (J) ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا حﺎﺘﻔﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
٢ ..ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺒﻟ دﱪﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﺮﺗا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا
٣ ..ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﺑ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻛ تﺎﺒﺳﺮﺗ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ،ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ناّﺰﺨﻟا غّﺮﻓ
٤ ..لﺎﻔﻃﻷا لوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻦﻋ ًاﺪﻴﻌﺑو ّ
فﺎﺟ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا
.قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺒﻟ دﱪﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﺮﺗا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ًﺎاد ﻞﺼﻓا
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻮﺣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّ
ﻒﻠﺗ ﻻ
.ةﺎﺷﺮﻔﻟا ﳾاﺮﻓ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺪﻨﺴﺗ ﻻ
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
ﻻ .ﺔّﻓﺎﺟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻔﻔﺟ ﻢﺛ ،ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏو ﺔﺒﻃر ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒّﻈﻧ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ تﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ
ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻪﻏّﺮﻓو ﻒﻄﺷأ ﻢﺛ ،جزﺎﻃ ءﺎﻣ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﺑ ﻊﺿ ،ناّﺰﺨﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ
79
AR
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ ًارﻮﻓ يدﺆﻳ ﻚﻟذ نﻷ :ناﺰﺨﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﻄﻌﺗ ﴏﺎﻨﻋ وأ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ داﻮﻣ وأ ّﻞﺧ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
.نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ
.ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟا داﺪﺴﻧﻻا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ ﻲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ
تﺎﻘﺤﻠﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
١ ..زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻋ تﺎﻘﺤﻠﳌا ﺪﻌﺑأ
٢ ..ﻦﻳﺪﻴﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ رﺎﺒﻐﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ ،ةﺎﺷﺮﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ
٣ ..ﻒﻴﻈﻧ ﻜﺸﺑ ﲆﻋ رﺎﺴﻴﻟا ﱃإ ﻤﻴﻟا ﻦﻣ ةادﻷا كّﺮﺣ ،ﺮﺑﻮﻟا ةادأ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ
80
UA
ǽǾǼȄdzǷǽǼǿǥǯǻǶǸ
ɉɨɩɪɢɬɟɳɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɨʀɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɿɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɞɨɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɯɞɿɸɱɢɯɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯɫɬɚɧ-
ɞɚɪɬɿɜɬɚɦɚɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɭɜɫɿɯɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɢɯɦɿɫɰɹɯɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɭɜɚɠɧɨɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢ
ɡɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɧɟɳɚɫ-
ɧɢɯɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜɬɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɁɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɰɟɣɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɞɥɹɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿɣɭ
ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭɁɚɧɚɦɿɪɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢɰɟɣɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɿɧɲɨɦɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɭɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɫɭ-
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ȱɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹɳɨɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɚɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɫɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹɬɚɤɢɦɢɭɦɨɜɧɢɦɢɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧ-
ɧɹɦɢɹɤɿɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣ ɇȿȻȿɁɉȿɄȺɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɠɚɽɩɪɨɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɬɹɠ-
ɤɿɬɪɚɜɦɢɬɚɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɭɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɭ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɚɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɨɸ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɢɯɡɿɧ-
ɲɢɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ɁȺɋɌȿɊȿɀȿɇɇəɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɠɚɽɩɪɨɬɪɚɜɦɢɿ
ɬɹɠɤɿɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɛɢɬɤɢ
Ɂɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɨɩɿɤɢ
ɍɜɚɝɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɛɢɬɤɢ ɍȼȺȽȺɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɠɚɽɩɪɨɥɟɝɤɿɬɪɚɜɦɢɿɦɚɬɟ-
ɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɛɢɬɤɢ
ǽǾǶǵǻǮȅdzǻǻȍ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɢɪɨɛɥɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɩɪɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɚɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɢɝɥɹɞɭɬɤɚɧɢɧ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɩɚɪɨɦɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɛɟɡ
ɜɨɞɢ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɭ ɡɚɤɪɢɬɢɯ ɿ ɫɭɯɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹɯɇɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ
ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɦɭɩɨɜɿɬɪɿɚɛɨɭɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹɯɡɜɢɫɨɤɢɦɪɿɜɧɟɦɜɨɥɨɝɨɫɬɿ
ǵǮǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǻȍǵǯdzǵǽdzǸǶ
ɎȽȻɁɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɄɍɀȲɈɌɍɋɎɅɑȲȳɊɀɋɀȿɊɉɒȻɍɅɉɇȽɃɅɉɋɃɌɍȻɈɈɚ
ɐɟɣɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɭɦɨɜɚɯɬɚɜɭɦɨ-
ɜɚɯɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɯɞɨɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɢɜɛɭɞɶɹɤɟɿɧɲɟɜɢɤɨ-
ɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɰɶɨɝɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɰɟɡɜɿɥɶɧɹɽɣɨɝɨɜɿɞɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿɡɚɡɛɢɬɤɢ
ɛɭɞɶɹɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿ ɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɿɦ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ
ɇɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɫɤɚɫɨɜɭɽɝɚɪɚɧɬɿɸɭɜɫɿɯʀʀɩɪɨɹɜɚɯ
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɧɟɫɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɚɛɨɡɚɜɢ-
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɟɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɭɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɿɫɟɪ-
ɜɿɫɧɿɩɨɫɥɭɝɢɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɩɨɥɨɦɨɤɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɸ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɸɜɢɪɨɛɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɨȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨɝɨ
ɰɟɧɬɪɭ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɱɢɯɳɨɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶɞɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɯɚɛɨɧɚ-
ɞɚɧɢɯɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɪɢɡɢɤɭɩɨɠɟɠɿɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɫɬɪɭɦɨɦɬɚɦɨɠɟɡɚɜɞɚɬɢɲɤɨɞɭɥɸɞɹɦ
81
UA
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȥțȜȒșȭȒȳȠȓȗ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɪɨɤɿɜɬɿɥɶɤɢɹɤɳɨɜɨɧɢɩɟ-
ɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨʀɨɫɨɛɢɚɛɨɹɤɳɨɩɪɨɣɲɥɢɿɧɫɬɪɭɤ-
ɬɚɠ ɳɨɞɨ ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ ɬɚ ɭɫɜɿɞɨɦɥɸɸɬɶ ɪɢɡɢɤɢ
ɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɿɡɣɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɿɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɛɨɤɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ
ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɶɦɢɹɤɿɦɨɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜɬɚɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦ
ɋɥɿɞɤɭɣɬɟɡɚɬɢɦɳɨɛɞɿɬɢɧɟɝɪɚɥɢɫɹɡɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɬɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨ-
ɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜ
ȿɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɩɨɪɭɱɡɞɿɬɶɦɢɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɽ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɢɦɢɞɠɟɪɟɥɚɦɢɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ
ɍɪɚɡɿɹɤɳɨɰɟɣɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɭɬɢɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹɭ ɹɤɨɫɬɿɜɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ
ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɪɿɡɚɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧ-
ɧɹɄɪɿɦɬɨɝɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɩɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹɡɭɫɿɦɚɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɳɨɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢ-
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɞɥɹɿɝɨɪ
Ɂɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɭɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɦɭɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɦɿɫɰɿ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȐȭȕȎțȎȕȓșȓȘȠȞȖȘȜȬ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɨɫɨɛɢɡɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢɦɢɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪ-
ɧɢɦɢɬɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɦɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɛɨɡɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦɞɨɫɜɿɞɨɦɿɡɧɚɧɧɹ-
ɦɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɹɤɳɨɜɨɧɢɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨʀɨɫɨɛɢɚɛɨ
ɹɤɳɨ ɩɪɨɣɲɥɢ ɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠ ɳɨɞɨ ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ ɬɚ
ɭɫɜɿɞɨɦɥɸɸɬɶɪɢɡɢɤɢɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɿɡɣɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɞɨɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶɳɨɜɤɚ-
ɡɚɧɚɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɧɚɩɪɭɡɿɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɯɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɜɚɱɿɜɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɟɧɢɯɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦɩɪɢ-
ɫɬɪɨɸɦɨɠɟɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɡɛɢɬɤɢɚɛɨɩɨɠɟɠɭ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɡɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
ɇɟɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɣɬɟɫɶɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɹɤɳɨɭɜɚɫɦɨɤɪɿɪɭɤɢɚɬɚɤɨɠɛɨɫɨɧɿɠ
əɤɳɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɢɣ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤ
ɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɚɛɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɿɡ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨɸ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿɽɸ ɳɨɛ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ
ɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
ɇɟɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɛɭɞɶɹɤɿɿɧɲɿɩɪɢɫɬɪɨʀɡɜɢɫɨɤɨɸɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɸɩɟɱɿɩɪɚɫɤɢ
ɪɚɞɿɚɬɨɪɢɜɨɞɧɭɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɜɚɧɬɚ-
ɠɟɧɧɹ
82
UA
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȦȘȜȒȔȓțȪȝȜȐȭȕȎțȖȣȕȳțȦȖȚȖȝȞȖȥȖ-
țȎȚȖ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɜɨɞɨɸɩɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɪɨɛɨɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɉɿɞɱɚɫɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ
ɧɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɜɨɞɨɸ ɜɢɥɤɚ ɤɚɛɟɥɸ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɛɭɬɢ
ɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɚɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ȼɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɬɿɥɶɤɢɬɨɞɿɤɨɥɢɜɿɧɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɪɨɛɨɱɨɦɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɿ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɿɣɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɛɟɡɧɚɝɥɹɞɭɤɨɥɢɜɿɧɩɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɢɣɞɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀ
ɦɟɪɟɠɿ
Ɂɚɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɜɿɞɥɭɱɢɬɢɫɹɧɚɜɿɬɶɧɚɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣɱɚɫɪɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ɧɚɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɿɣɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿȼɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɿɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɇɟɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɣɬɟɫɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɹɤɳɨɜɿɧɩɚɞɚɜɹɤɳɨɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɿɜɿɡɭɚɥɶɧɿɩɨɲɤɨ-
ɞɠɟɧɧɹɚɛɨɜɢɧɢɤɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɨɡɪɢɧɚɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɿɫɬɶɩɿɫɥɹɩɚɞɿɧɧɹɚɬɚɤɨɠɹɤɳɨ
ɩɪɨɬɿɤɚɽɜɨɞɚ ɇɟɝɚɣɧɨɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭ ɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɭ-
ɦɭɄɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɦɢɤɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɹɤɳɨɜɿɧɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɢɣɍɫɿ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɡɪɟɦɨɧɬɭɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢɡɚɦɿɧɭɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭ-
ɜɚɬɢɫɹɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɦɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ$ULHWHɚɛɨɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦɿɡɩɨɞɿɛɧɨɸ
ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿɽɸɳɨɛ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯ ɪɢɡɢɤɿɜɐɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɞɟɞɨ ɧɟɝɚɣɧɨʀ
ɜɬɪɚɬɢɝɚɪɚɧɬɿʀ
ǵȎȟȠȓȞȓȔȓțțȭȝȞȜȜȝȳȘȖ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɦɚɝɚɬɢɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɜɲɢɣɨɝɨɧɚɫɟɛɟɬɚɧɚɨɞɹɝɧɟɧɢɣɧɚɫɨɛɿɨɞɹɝ
ɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɦɟɬɚɥɟɜɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ ɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɚɛɨɩɚɪɢɤɨɥɢ
ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɪɚɰɸɽɬɚɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɿɫɥɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ
ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɨɩɿɤɢ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɄɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɿɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɩɪɨɹɤɢɣɭɰɶɨ-
ɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɢɬɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɜɿɞɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭ
ɡɪɨɡɩɢɥɸɜɚɱɟɦɩɚɪɢɹɤɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɬɚɤɿɭɯɜɢ-
ɥɢɧɢɩɿɫɥɹɣɨɝɨɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
ɇɟɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɭɣɬɟɪɨɡɩɢɥɸɜɚɱɩɚɪɢɧɚɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɬɿɥɚɬɚɧɚɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɬɜɚɪɢɧ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣɩɪɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɪɨɡɩɢɥɸɜɚɱɧɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɭɸ-
ɱɢɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɢɭɩɪɨɬɢɥɟɠɧɨɦɭɜɿɞɫɟɛɟɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭ
ȼɢɦɤɧɭɜɲɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɿɞɿɫɬɚɜɲɢɜɢɥɤɭɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɩɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɣɨɝɨ
ɧɚɩɿɞɥɨɝɭɞɥɹɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɬɪɭɦɩɚɪɢɧɚɥɸ-
ɞɟɣɬɜɚɪɢɧɪɨɫɥɢɧɢɚɛɨɧɚɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɹɤɟɦɚɽɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɿ
ɞɟɬɚɥɿɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɣɩɪɨɫɬɿɪɩɟɱɿ
83
UA
ȁȐȎȑȎȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȳȕȏȖȠȘȖ
ɉɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɪɨɡɩɪɚɜɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɩɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɯɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɜɚɱɿɜɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɟɧɢɯɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦɩɪɢ-
ɫɬɪɨɸɦɨɠɟɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɡɛɢɬɤɢɚɛɨɩɨɠɟɠɭ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɛɟɡɜɨɞɢɭɬɚɤɨɦɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɧɚɫɨɫ
ɦɨɠɟɩɨɲɤɨɞɢɬɢɫɶɊɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɣɬɟɪɿɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɢɭɛɚɤɭ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɭɜɨɞɭɡɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɨɦɜɭɝɥɟɰɸɍɜɢ-
ɩɚɞɤɭɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɜɚɩɧɢɫɬɨʀɜɨɞɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɞɟɦɿɧɟ-
ɪɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɭɜɨɞɭ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɬɹɝɚɬɢɜɢɥɤɭɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɬɹɝɧɭɱɢʀʀɡɚɤɚɛɟɥɶ
ɉɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨɹɤɜɢɥɤɚɤɚɛɟɥɸɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɛɭɥɚɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɚɜɿɞɪɨ-
ɡɟɬɤɢɿɜɫɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɥɢɣɨɝɨɦɨɠɧɚɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ
ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɡɥɟɝɤɚɡɦɨɱɟɧɨɸɭɜɨɞɿɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɪɨɡɱɢɧɧɢɤɢɳɨɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɭɸɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɛɚɤɨɰɟɬɡɚɫɨɛɢɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɬɚɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢɿɡ
ɫɬɿɣɤɢɦɡɚɩɚɯɨɦɰɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɞɟɞɨɧɟɝɚɣɧɨʀɜɬɪɚɬɢɝɚɪɚɧɬɿʀ
ɉɟɪɲɧɿɠɩɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɣɨɝɨɧɚɬɢɫɧɭɜɲɢɜɢ-
ɦɢɤɚɱ-Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨ-
ɡɟɬɤɢȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɨɯɨɥɨɧɟɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɯɜɢɥɢɧɉɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ
ɫɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɬɶɛɚɤ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɿɞɞɿɽɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯɹɜɢɳɞɨɳɫɨɧɰɟɬɨɳɨ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɜɢɪɨɛɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨʀɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɢ
ȯɋɫɥɿɞɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɣɚɪɤɭɲɳɨɞɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɞɨɜɢɪɨɛɭ
ǵǯdzǾǥDZǮǷȀdzȄǥǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥǦDzǹȍǽǼDzǮǹȊȆǼDZǼǰǶǸǼǾǶ-
ǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ǥȒȓțȠȖȢȳȘȎȤȳȗțȳȒȎțȳ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿɣɩɿɞɨɫɧɨɜɨɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɤɚɡɚɧɿɬɚɤɿɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɿɞɚɧɿɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ
ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɬɚɦɚɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ&(
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ0RG
ɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ61
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɚɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹȼɿɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɚɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɶȼɬ
ɧɨɦɟɪɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɨʀɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨʀɥɿɧɿʀ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɝɨɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹɞɨɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɿɜɜɤɚɠɿɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɿɫɟɪɿɣ-
ɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǽǥDzǸǮǵǸǶ
ɐɟɣɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɟɛɭɜɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜɚɧɢɣɳɨɛɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢɩɪɚɫɤɭɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢ-
ɫɬɪɨɸɩɪɨɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɭɣɬɟɫɹɿɡɜɤɚɡɿɜɤɚɦɢɧɚɟɬɢɤɟɬɰɿɬɤɚɧɢɧɢɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ
ɩɪɨɫɤɥɚɞɬɤɚɧɢɧɢɹɤɭɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɜɢɩɪɚɫɭɜɚɬɢɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶɧɚɣɦɟɧɲɩɨɦɿɬɧɟɦɿɫɰɟɧɚɬɤɚɧɢɧɿ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɿɬɶɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɭɭɰɶɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿ
84
UA
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɞɥɹɲɨɜɤɨɜɢɯɬɚɜɟɥɸɪɨɜɢɯɬɤɚɧɢɧȾɟɹɤɿɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢɨɞɹɝɭɞɨɛɪɟ
ɩɪɚɫɭɸɬɶɫɹɧɚɜɢɜɨɪɿɬɚɛɨɡɧɢɡɭɜɝɨɪɭ
əɤɳɨɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɢɩɨɱɧɭɬɶɡɚɛɢɜɚɬɢɫɹɛɭɞɟɱɭɬɧɨɲɭɦɫɯɨɠɢɣɧɚɞɡɸɪɱɚɧɧɹɊɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɩɟɪɟ-
ɜɿɪɹɣɬɟɱɢɫɬɨɬɭɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɤ
Ƚɪɭɛɿɲɿɿɬɨɜɫɬɿɲɿɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɿɨɞɹɝɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɶɛɿɥɶɲɟɨɞɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɳɿɬɤɨɸ
ǼǽǶǿǽǾǶǿȀǾǼȌ
$ɓɿɬɤɚ
%ɇɚɫɚɞɤɚɞɥɹɤɨɜɬɭɧɰɿɜ
&Ȼɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢ
'Ʉɧɨɩɤɢɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɛɚɤɭ
(Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɚɪɢ
)Ʉɭɪɫɨɪɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɥɹɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨʀɩɚɪɢ
*ɉɥɚɫɬɢɧɚɡɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɚɦɢ
+Ɇɿɪɧɚɽɦɧɿɫɬɶ
, ,ɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɨɛɨɬɢ
- ȼɢɦɢɤɚɱ
N Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥǦǵǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ǻȎȝȜȐțȓțțȭȏȎȘȡȝȓȞȓȒȝȜȥȎȠȘȜȚȐȖȘȜȞȖȟȠȎțțȭ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎǾȖȕȖȘȐȞȎȔȓțțȭȓșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȖȚȟȠȞȡȚȜȚ
Ⱦɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢɛɚɤɜɨɞɨɸ
ɇɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɛɚɤɜɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɨɹɤɳɨɛɚɤɧɚɦɨɱɟɧɢɣɜɨɞɨɸȼɢɬɪɿɬɶɛɚɤɫɭɯɨɸɝɚɧ-
ɱɿɪɤɨɸ
Ⱦɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɡɤɨɪɨɛɤɢ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɿɣɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɉɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɪɨɡɩɪɚɜɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɢɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɛɚɤɭɁɧɿɦɿɬɶɛɚɤɡɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɚɊɢɫ
ȼɿɞɤɪɢɣɬɟɩɪɨɛɤɭɛɚɤɭ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɩɪɨɫɬɨɸɫɜɿɠɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɪɿɜɧɹ0$;Ɋɢɫ
ɎɝɣɪɛɟɥɮɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɝɛɪɨɣɬɭɩʁɝɩɟɣɡɩɫɬɭɥʀɬɭɷɝɣɴɛɢɛIɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɤɭɠɬɮɧʀɳɝ
ɺɥʀɤɝɩɟɩɪɫɩɝʀɟɨɩʁɝɩɟɣʀɟɠɧʀɨɠɫɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɩʁɝɩɟɣ
Ɂɚɤɪɢɣɬɟɩɪɨɛɤɭɛɚɤɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɛɚɤɜɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɨɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɣɡɜɭɤɤɥɚɰɫɩɨɜɿɳɚɽɩɪɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭɊɢɫ
ɂȻȼɉɋɉɈɚȰɍɗɌɚɨɛɪɩɝɨɹɝɛɭɣɜɛɥɝɣɴɠɫʀɝɨɺ0$;Ɋɫɣɬɭɫʀɤɪɫɛɱɹɾɨɛɢɝɣɲɛɤɨʀɤ
ɝɩɟɩɪɫɩɝʀɟɨʀɤɝɩɟʀɅɛɭɠɞɩɫɣɲɨɩɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɺɾɭɷɬɺɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣɲɣɬɭɮɟɠɧʀɨɠɫɛɦʀ-
ɢɩɝɛɨɮɝɩɟɮ
85
UA
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȖȣȕȏȖȠȘȳȐ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɛɟɡɜɨɞɢɭɛɚɤɭ
ɇɟɞɨɞɚɜɚɣɬɟɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɞɨɛɚɜɨɤɚɛɨɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɤɪɨɯɦɚɥɶɚɩɪɟɬɢɩɚɪɮɭ-
ɦɢɬɚɿɧɲɟɰɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɞɟɞɨɧɟɝɚɣɧɨʀɜɬɪɚɬɢɝɚɪɚɧɬɿʀ
ǰȐȳȚȘțȓțțȭȝȞȖȟȠȞȜȬ
Ɋʀɟɲɛɬɪɠɫɳɩɞɩɝɝʀɧɥɨɠɨɨɺɪɫɣɬɭɫɩɹɧɩɡɦɣɝɠɨɠɢɨɛɲɨɠɝɣɟʀɦɠɨɨɺɟɣɧɮɱɠɱʀɦɥɩɧ
ɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɠɺɝɣɴɠɺɥɠɢɨɣɥɨɠɲɠɫɠɢɥɩɫɩɭɥɣɤɲɛɬ
ɁɧɿɦɿɬɶɳɿɬɤɭɚɛɨɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɞɥɹɤɨɜɬɭɧɰɿɜɊɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɜɢɦɢɤɚɱ-ɅɚɦɩɚɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɨɱɧɟɛɥɢɦɚɬɢɉɥɚɫɬɢɧɚɩɨɱɧɟɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɫɹɄɨɥɢ
ɥɚɦɩɚɜɢɦɢɤɚɱɚɛɭɞɟɝɨɪɿɬɢɪɿɜɧɢɦɫɜɿɬɥɨɦɰɟɨɡɧɚɱɚɽɳɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨʀ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɿɝɨɬɨɜɢɣɞɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɭɧɚɲɦɚɬɤɭɫɬɚɪɨʀɬɤɚɧɢɧɢɉɟ-
ɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɚɿɛɚɤɱɢɫɬɿ
ɉɿɫɥɹɯɜɢɥɢɧɹɤɳɨɧɟɛɭɥɚɧɚɬɢɫɧɟɧɚɤɧɨɩɤɚɩɚɪɢ(ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶɭɪɟɠɢɦɨɱɿ-
ɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɅɚɦɩɚɤɧɨɩɤɢɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɩɨɱɧɟɛɥɢɦɚɬɢɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɢɳɨɛɡɧɨɜɭɚɤɬɢɜɭ-
ɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɢ(ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɪɚɡɿɜɩɨɤɢɧɟɩɨɱɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɩɚɪɚɉɚɪɚɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɨɞɪɚɡɭɩɿɫɥɹɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɤɧɨɩɤɢɬɨɦɭɳɨɜɨɞɚɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɧɚɞɿɣɬɢɜɿɞɛɚɤɭɞɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ
ɩɚɪɢ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɿɬɶɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɧɚɞɲɦɚɬɤɨɦɬɤɚɧɢɧɢ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɳɿɬɤɭɚɛɨɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɞɥɹɤɨɜɬɭɧɰɿɜɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɣɡɜɭɤɤɥɚɰɫɩɨɜɿɳɚɽɩɪɨɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɭɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭɊɢɫ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɨɞɹɝɧɚɜɿɲɚɥɰɿɉɪɨɜɟɞɿɬɶɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɧɚɞɨɞɹɝɨɦɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɪɚɡɿɜ
ɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɢ(
ɓɨɛɩɨɞɚɬɢɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɢɣɿɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɢɣɫɬɪɭɦɩɚɪɢɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɢȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɤɭɪ-
ɫɨɪɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɥɹɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨʀɩɚɪɢɜɧɢɠɧɽɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɊɢɫ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȜȝȳȘȳȐǾȖȕȖȘȝȜȔȓȔȳ
Ʉɨɪɢɫɬɭɣɬɟɫɶɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɜɢɤɨɧɭɸɱɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɿɪɭɯɢɡɧɢɡɭɜɝɨɪɭɚɛɨɧɚɜɩɚɤɢ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɭɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɚɛɨɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɦɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɿɮɨɪ-
ɫɭɧɤɚɦɢɜɧɢɡɊɢɫɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɜɢɬɨɤɭɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɢɫɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɤɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɠɟɠɿ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȜȝȳȘȳȐ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɞɥɹɬɤɚɧɢɧɹɤɿɬɪɢɦɚɸɬɶɿɧɲɿɥɸɞɢ
ǻȎȝȜȐțȓțțȭȏȎȘȡȝȳȒȥȎȟȐȖȘȜȞȖȟȠȎțțȭ
ɂɛɝɡɟɣɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɺɤɭɠɫʀɝɠɨɷɝɩɟɣɴɩɢɛɦɣɳɛɾɭɷɬɺɮɜɛɥɮɪʀɟɲɛɬɪɫɛɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɜɢɦɢɤɚɱ-ɳɨɛɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭɁɚɥɢɲɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɯɜɢ-
ɥɢɧɳɨɛɜɿɧɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɜ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɛɚɤ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɩɪɨɫɬɨɸɫɜɿɠɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɪɿɜɧɹ0$;Ɋɢɫ
Ɂɚɤɪɢɣɬɟɩɪɨɛɤɭɛɚɤɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɛɚɤɜɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɨɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɣɡɜɭɤɤɥɚɰɫɩɨɜɿɳɚɽɩɪɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ
86
UA
Ɋɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɜɢɦɢɤɚɱ-
ǰȳȒțȜȐșȓțțȭȐȖȑșȭȒȡȜȒȭȑȡȕȎȒȜȝȜȚȜȑȜȬȧȳȠȘȖ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȜȝȳȘȳȐ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɦɨɧɬɚɠɭɚɛɨɞɟɦɨɧɬɚɠɭɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɱɢɯɜɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣȾɨɱɟɤɚɣ-
ɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɨɯɨɥɨɧɟ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɳɿɬɤɭɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɣɡɜɭɤɤɥɚɰɫɩɨɜɿɳɚɽɩɪɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭɊɢɫ
ɊɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɨɞɹɝɧɚɜɿɲɚɥɰɿɊɨɡɬɹɝɧɿɬɶɨɞɹɝɜɿɥɶɧɨɸɪɭɤɨɸɉɪɢɫɬɚɜɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɞɨɫɤɥɚ-
ɞɨɤɧɚɨɞɹɡɿɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɢ(ɚɩɨɬɿɦɜɿɞɩɭɫɬɿɬɶʀʀɊɭɯɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɡɜɟɪɯɭɜɧɢɡ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɱɢɳɿɬɤɨɸɩɨɨɞɹɡɿɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɪɚɡɿɜɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɢ(
ɓɨɛɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɢɣɿɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɢɣɫɬɪɭɦɩɚɪɢɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɤɭɪɫɨɪɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɥɹ
ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨʀɩɚɪɢɜɧɢɠɧɽɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɊɢɫ
ɓɨɛɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɛɿɥɶɲɩɨɬɭɠɧɢɣɫɬɪɭɦɩɚɪɢɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɳɿɬɤɭɡɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ
ɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɩɪɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɥɢɲɬɟɨɞɹɝɧɚɜɿɲɚɥɰɿɞɥɹɜɢɫɢɯɚɧɧɹ
ǰȖȒȎșȓțțȭȘȜȐȠȡțȤȳȐȕȜȒȭȑȡ
ɁɧɿɦɿɬɶɳɿɬɤɭɊɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɞɥɹɤɨɜɬɭɧɰɿɜɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɣɡɜɭɤɤɥɚɰɫɩɨɜɿɳɚɽɩɪɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɭɫɬɚ-
ɧɨɜɤɭɊɢɫ
ɊɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɨɞɹɝɧɚɜɿɲɚɥɰɿɊɨɡɬɹɝɧɿɬɶɨɞɹɝɜɿɥɶɧɨɸɪɭɤɨɸɉɪɢɫɬɚɜɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɞɨɫɤɥɚ-
ɞɨɤɧɚɨɞɹɡɿɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɢ(ɚɩɨɬɿɦɜɿɞɩɭɫɬɿɬɶʀʀɊɭɯɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɫɩɪɚɜɚ
ɧɚɥɿɜɨɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɪɚɡɿɜɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɚɪɢ(
ǼȏȏȖȐțȳȠȘȎțȖțȖȕȎțȎȐȳȟȘȖȳȠȘȎțȖțȖ
Ɂɚɧɚɜɿɫɤɢɬɚɨɞɹɝɦɨɠɧɚɨɛɪɨɛɥɹɬɢɭɩɿɞɜɿɲɟɧɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɿɋɤɚɬɟɪɬɿɬɚɨɛɛɢɜɧɿɬɤɚɧɢɧɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ
ɛɭɬɢɩɿɞɜɿɲɟɧɿɧɚɩɚɥɢɰɿɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɹɤɤɚɪɧɢɡɞɥɹɡɚɧɚɜɿɫɨɤɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɩɪɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɞɟɥɿɤɚɬɧɢɯɬɤɚɧɢɧɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɭɭɩɪɢɯɨɜɚɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚ
ɜɿɞɜɨɪɨɬɿ
ǽȞȎȟȡȐȎțțȭȝȎȞȜȬ
Ɋɫɛɬɮɝɛɨɨɺɩɟɺɞɮɧɩɡɦɣɝɠɭʀɦɷɥɣɮɭɩɧɮɝɣɪɛɟɥɮɺɥɴɩɨɛɠɭɣɥɠɭɱʀɭɥɛɨɣɨɣɢɺɥɩɞɩ
ɝʀɨɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɤɾɪɩɢɨɛɲɥɛɢɭɫɷɩɰɥɫɛɪɩɥ
ɁɧɿɦɿɬɶɳɿɬɤɭɊɢɫ
ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɬɤɚɧɢɧɭɧɚɩɪɚɫɭɜɚɥɶɧɭɞɨɲɤɭɉɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɬɪɢɦɚɸɱɢ
ɣɨɝɨɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɚɦɢɜɧɢɡɊɢɫ
ǽǥǿǹȍǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍǽǾǶǿȀǾǼȌ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɜɢɦɢɤɚɱ-ɳɨɛɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭɁɚɥɢɲɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɯɜɢ-
ɥɢɧɳɨɛɜɿɧɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɜ
ɉɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɫɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɬɶɛɚɤɞɥɹɜɨɞɢɞɥɹɭɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹɬɨɝɨɳɨɛɡɚɫɬɿɣɜɨɞɢɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɜɮɨɪ-
ɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɚɩɧɹɧɨɝɨɧɚɥɶɨɬɭ
ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹɭɫɭɯɟɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɟɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɦɿɫɰɟ
87
UA
ȅǶǿȀǸǮǥDzǼDZǹȍDz
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȜȝȳȘȳȐ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣɱɢɫɬɤɢɚɛɨɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɡɚɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɡɚɜɠɞɢɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɡ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɁɚɥɢɲɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɯɜɢɥɢɧɳɨɛɜɿɧɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɜ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȖȣȕȏȖȠȘȳȐ
ɇɟɧɚɦɨɬɭɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɚɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ɇɟɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɨɤɥɚɜɲɢɣɨɝɨɧɚɩɚɧɟɥɿɳɿɬɤɢ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȝȞȖȟȠȞȜȬ
ɑɢɫɬɿɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɜɨɥɨɝɨɸɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɩɨɬɿɦɜɢɫɭɲɭɣɬɟʀɯɫɭɯɨɸɝɚɧ-
ɱɿɪɤɨɸɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɿɡɚɫɨɛɢɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȏȎȘȡ
Ⱦɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɛɚɤɭɡɚɥɢɣɬɟɜɧɶɨɝɨɫɜɿɠɭɜɨɞɭɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟɿɜɢɥɢɣɬɟɜɨɞɭ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȖȣȕȏȖȠȘȳȐ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɛɚɤɨɰɟɬɡɚɫɨɛɢɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɬɚɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢɿɡɫɬɿɣɤɢɦɡɚɩɚ-
ɯɨɦɰɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɞɟɞɨɧɟɝɚɣɧɨʀɜɬɪɚɬɢɝɚɪɚɧɬɿʀ
Ⱦɛɫɛɨɭʀɺɨɠɫɩɢɪɩɝɬɹɟɡɮɾɭɷɬɺɨɛɪɩɳɥɩɟɡɠɨɨɺɴɩɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɠɨʀɢɛɬɧʀɲɠɨɨɺɧɝʀɟɨɛ-
ɥɣɪɮ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȘȜȚȝșȓȘȠȡȬȥȖȣ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɱɿɡɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ
Ⱦɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɳɿɬɤɢɜɢɞɚɥɿɬɶɩɢɥɪɭɤɚɦɢ
Ⱦɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɞɥɹɤɨɜɬɭɧɰɿɜɪɭɯɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɫɩɪɚɜɚɧɚɥɿɜɨɩɨɱɢɫɬɨɦɭɪɭɲɧɢɤɭ