Ariete 0149 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for 0149 by Ariete which is a product in the Toasters category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
COD. 6235109300 REV. del 12/07/2019
827070
De’ Longhi Appliances Srl
Divisione Commerciale Ariete
Via San Quirico, 300
50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI)
E-Mail: info@ariete.net
Internet: www.ariete.net
800-809065
Tostapane
Toaster
Grille-pain
Toaster
Tostadora
Torradeira
Toaster
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ɬɨɫɬɟɪ
ةيئابرهك زبخ ةصمحم
ɬɨɫɬɟɪ
Opiekacz
Brødrister
149
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A PROPOSITO DI QUESTO MANUALE
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AVVERTENZE DI FUNZIONAMENTO
Non utilizzare fette di pane troppo sottili o rotte.
Non inserire alimenti troppo voluminosi.
Attenzione
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Pericolo - Rischio di shock elettrico
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neggiare le resistenze dell'apparecchio e creare pericolo di shock elettrico.
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parecchio.
FUNZIONE SCONGELAMENTO
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to e con la spina elettrica scollegata dalla presa di corrente.
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danneggiare la plastica.
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ABOUT THIS MANUAL
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INTENDED USE
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IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.
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the materials in contact with food.
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Danger for children
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Danger due to electricity
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inside the toaster.
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SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE
9
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DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLIANCE
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OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Do not use slices of bread too thin or broken.
Do not put too bulky foods.
Attention
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Danger - Risk of electric shock
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ing elements of the appliance and create a danger of electric shock.
FIRST USE
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HOW TO MAKE TOAST
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at the end of the toasting process.
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angefasst wird.
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Sachschadengefahr
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Die Brotscheiben dürfen nicht zu dünn oder gebrochen sein.
Keine zu große Speisen einfügen.
Achtung
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18
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Achtung - Verbrennungsrisiko
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anfassen.
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entfernen.
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AUFTAUFUNKTION
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HEIZFUNKTION
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Gefahr - Stromschlagrisiko
$OOHXQWHQEHVFKULHEHQHQ5HLQLJXQJVHLQJULIIHVLQGEHLDXVJHVFKDOWHWHP*HUlWXQGEHLJH-
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Achtung - Verbrennungsrisiko
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Achtung - Sachschadenrisiko
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19
ES
ACERCA DE ESTE MANUAL
$XQTXHORVDSDUDWRVKD\DQVLGRUHDOL]DGRVVHJ~QODV1RUPDWLYDVHXURSHDVHVSHFL¿FDVYLJHQWHV\
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USO PREVISTO
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ADVERTENCIAS IMPORTANTES PARA LA SEGURIDAD
LEA ATENTAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES.
(VWHDSDUDWRKDVLGRSUR\HFWDGRVRORSDUDXQXVRSULYDGR\SRUORWDQWRVHGHEH
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a los materiales en contacto con alimentos.
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Peligro para los niños
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20
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Peligro debido a electricidad
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Peligro debido a piezas calientes
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GUARDE SIEMPRE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES
21
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DESCRIPCIÓN DEL APARATO
$ 3LQ]DV
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, 3HULOODSDUDODUHJXODFLyQGHOQLYHOGHWRVWDGXUD
- (QUROODGRUGHOFDEOH
ADVERTENCIAS DE FUNCIONAMIENTO
No utilice rebanadas de pan demasiado Ànas o rotas.
No introduzca alimentos demasiado voluminosos.
Atención
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Peligro - Riesgo de electrocución
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PRIMER USO
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CÓMO HACER PAN TOSTADO
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Atención - Riesgo de quemaduras
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22
ES
GHUHVLGXRV(
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FUNCIÓN DE DESCONGELACIÓN
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FUNCIÓN DE CALENTAMIENTO
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$HQGRWDFLyQ
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LIMPIEZA Y MANTENIMIENTO
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SHULRGRPiVODUJR
Peligro - Riesgo de electrocución
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Atención - Riesgo de quemaduras
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enfriado completamente.
Atención - Riesgo de daños materiales
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XQDVJRWDVGHGHWHUJHQWHVXDYH
6HTXHHODSDUDWRDPDQR
23
PT
SOBRE ESTE MANUAL
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YLJHQWHVHVmRSRUWDQWRSURWHJLGRVHPWRGDVDVVXDVSDUWHVSRWHQFLDOPHQWHSHULJRVDVGHYHVH
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USO PREVISTO
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de garantia.
ADVERTÊNCIAS DE SEGURANÇA
LER CUIDADOSAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUÇÕES.
(VWHDSDUHOKRIRLFRQFHELGRVRPHQWHSDUDXPXVRSULYDGRHGHYHVHUFRQVLGH-
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risco.
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Perigo para as crianças
2DSDUHOKRSRGHVHUXVDGRSRUFULDQoDVFRPLGDGHVXSHULRUDDQRVHSRUSHV-
VRDVFRPFDSDFLGDGHVItVLFDVVHQVRULDLVRXPHQWDLVUHGX]LGDVRXVHPH[SH-
ULrQFLDRXFRQKHFLPHQWRVRPHQWHVHRULHQWDGDVSRUXPDSHVVRDUHVSRQViYHO
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24
PT
0DQWHUVHPSUHRDSDUHOKRHRFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRIRUDGRDOFDQFHGHFULDQoDV
GHLGDGHLQIHULRUDDQRV
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Perigo devido à electricidade
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$QWHVGHFRQHFWDURDSDUHOKRjUHGHGHDOLPHQWDomRFHUWL¿FDUVHTXHDWHQVmR
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0HVPRTXDQGRRDSDUHOKRQmRHVWLYHUHPIXQFLRQDPHQWRGHVOLJXHD¿FKDGD
WRPDGDGHFRUUHQWHHOpWULFDDQWHVGHLQVHULURXUHWLUDUDOJXPDSDUWHGRPHVPR
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WDomR
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cortantes.
Perigo devido a partes quentes
$R¿QDOGDRSHUDomRGHDTXHFLPHQWRRV¿RVPHWiOLFRVGDSLQoDHVWDUmRPXLWR
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$WHQomR6XSHUItFLHTXHQWH
Perigo de danos materiais
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GHPDWHULDLVFRPEXVWtYHLVFRPRFRUWLQDV
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RFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRSDUDTXHQmRSRVVDPDLVIXQFLRQDU5HFRPHQGDPRV
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FULDQoDVTXHSRGHULDPXWLOL]DURDSDUHOKRSDUDEULQFDUWRUQHPVHLQyFXDV
25
PT
3DUD D HOLPLQDomR FRUUHWD GR SURGXWR QRV WHUPRV GD 'LUHWLYD (XURSHLD
(8URJDPRVTXHVHMDOLGRRUHODWLYRIROKHWRTXHDFRPSDQKDRSUR-
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DESCRIÇÃO DO APARELHO
$ 3LQoDV
% $EHUWXUDV
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- (QURODGRUGHFDERV
AVISOS DE FUNCIONAMENTO
Nmo utilizar fatias de pmo muito Ànas ou despedaoadas.
Não inserir alimentos muito volumosos.
Atenção
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Perigo - Risco de choque elétrico
1mRLQVHULUJDUIRVRXRXWURVXWHQVtOLRVQRGRDSDUHOKR(VWDRSHUDomRSRGHFDXVDUGDQRVjV
UHVLVWrQFLDVGRDSDUHOKRHFDXVDUSHULJRGHFKRTXHHOpWULFR
PRIMEIRO USO
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RFRUUHUTXHHVWHHPDQHXPSRXFRGHIXPDoD
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$SyVDOJXQVPLQXWRVDWRVWDJHPHVWDUiWHUPLQDGDHDDODYDQFDGHDFLRQDPHQWRHOHYDVHDXWR-
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26
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Atenção - Risco de queimaduras
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TXHQWHV1mRWRFDU
'HVFRQHFWDURFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRGDWRPDGDGHFRUUHQWH5HPRYHUSRVVtYHLVUHVtGXRVGD
EDQGHMDSDUDPLJDOKDV(
$SyVRXVRDFRQVHOKDPRVXVDURFRPSDUWLPHQWRGRFDER-SDUDHQURODURFDERDRUHGRUGD
EDVHGRDSDUHOKR
FUNÇÃO DESCONGELAMENTO
3RGHVHXVDURDSDUHOKRSDUDGHVFRQJHODUHGRXUDUIDWLDVGHSmRFRQJHODGDV
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SLQoDV$IRUQHFLGDV
*LUDURPDQtSXOR,SDUDSURJUDPDURQtYHOGHWRVWDJHPQDSRVLomR/LJKW
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GDVIHQGDVSRUPLQXWRVDSyVR¿QDOGDWRVWDJHP
FUNÇÃO AQUECIMENTO
3RGHVHXVDURDSDUHOKRSDUDDTXHFHUDVIDWLDVGHSmRMiWRVWDGDV
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$EDL[DUDDODYDQFDGHDFLRQDPHQWR&DWpTXDQGRDPHVPDHVWLYHUEORTXHDGD
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LIMPEZA E MANUTENÇÃO
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tempo.
Perigo - Risco de choque elétrico
7RGDVDVRSHUDo}HVGHOLPSH]DLQGLFDGDVDEDL[RGHYHPVHUHIHFWXDGDVFRPRDSDUHOKR
GHVOLJDGRHFRPDILFKDHOpFWULFDGHVOLJDGDGDWRPDGDGHFRUUHQWH
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1mRLPHUJLUDEDVHHPiJXD1mRXVDUGHWHUJHQWHVDJUHVVLYRVRXVROYHQWHVTXHSRVVDP
GDQLILFDURSOiVWLFR
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SRXFDVJRWDVGHGHWHUJHQWHQmRDJUHVVLYR
(Q[XJDURDSDUHOKRPDQXDOPHQWH
27
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OVER DEZE HANDLEIDING
2RNDO]LMQGHDSSDUDWHQYHUYDDUGLJGLQRYHUHHQVWHPPLQJPHWGHWRHSDVVHOLMNHVSHFL¿HNH(X-
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BEDOELD GEBRUIK
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HHQVRRUWJHOLMNHFRQVLVWHQWLHWHRQWGRRLHQYHUZDUPHQHQURRVWHUHQ'HIDEULNDQWKHHIWJHHQHQNHO
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BELANGRIJKE WAARSCHUWINGEN
LEES DEZE INSTRUCTIES AANDACHTIG DOOR.
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Gevaar voor kinderen
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28
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Gevaar als gevolg van elektriciteit
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lopen.
Gevaar veroorzaakt door hete delen
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Gevaar voor materiële schade
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ken.
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29
NL
len.
2P KHW SURGXFW RS GH MXLVWH PDQLHU RS JURQG YDQ GH (XURSHVH ULFKWOLMQ
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BEWAAR DEZE INSTRUCTIES ALTIJD
BESCHRIJVING VAN HET APPARAAT
A Broodklemmen
% 6OHXYHQ
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WAARSCHUWINGEN MET BETREKKING TOT DE WERKING
Gebruik geen te dunne of kapotte sneetjes brood.
Steek geen te grote voedingsmiddelen in de broodrooster.
Let op
6WHHNJHHQYRHGLQJVPLGGHOHQLQGHEURRGURRVWHUGLHWLMGHQVKHWURRVWHUHQNXQQHQJDDQGUXS-
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Gevaar - Risico voor elektrische schok
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EERSTE GEBRUIK
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BROOD ROOSTEREN
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6FKXLIGHVWDUWKHQGHO&RPODDJWRWKLMYDVW]LW
1DHQNHOHPLQXWHQLVKHWEURRGJHURRVWHUGHQNRPWGHLQVFKDNHONQRSDXWRPDWLVFKZHHURPKRRJ
YROJHQVGHJHVHOHFWHHUGHEUXLQLQJVVWDQG'HVQHHWMHVEURRGRIGHEURRGNOHPPHQNRPHQHUDDQ
GHERYHQNDQWXLW
30
NL
$OVKHWEURRGQLHWJRXGNOHXULJJHQRHJLVNLHVGDQHHQKRJHUHEUXLQLQJVJUDDG$OVKHWEURRGWH
GRQNHULVNLHVGDQHHQODJHUHEUXLQLQJVJUDDG
'UXNRSGHVWRSNQRS RPKHWURRVWHUHQRSLHGHUZLOOHNHXULJPRPHQWWHVWRSSHQ
Let op - Gevaar voor brandwonden
*HYDDUYRRUYHUEUDQGLQJ7LMGHQVKHWJHEUXLNZRUGHQGHVOHXYHQLQKHWDSSDUDDWHUJKHHW
1LHWDDQNRPHQ
=HWKHWDSSDUDDWXLWGRRURSGHVFKDNHODDUWHGUXNNHQ9HUZLMGHUHYHQWXHOHUHVWHQXLWGHNUXLPHO-
ODGH(
1DKHWJHEUXLNZRUGWDDQJHUDGHQGHNDEHORSVODJ-WHJHEUXLNHQRPGHNDEHORPGHERGHP
YDQKHWDSSDUDDWWHZLNNHOHQ
ONTDOOIFUNCTIE
8NXQWKHWDSSDUDDWJHEUXLNHQRPGLHSJHYURUHQVQHHWMHVEURRGWHRQWGRRLHQHQWHURRVWHUHQ
'RHGHVQHHWMHVGLHSJHYURUHQEURRGLQGHVOHXYHQYDQGHEURRGURRVWHU%8NXQWGHPHHJHOH-
YHUGHEURRGNOHPPHQ$JHEUXLNHQ
'UDDLDDQGHNQRS,RPKHWURRVWHUQLYHDXRSGH³OLJKW´VWDQGLQWHVWHOOHQ
6FKXLIGHVWDUWKHQGHO&RPODDJWRWKLMYDVW]LW
'UXNRSGHRQWGRRLWRHWV RPGHRQWGRRLIXQFWLHLQWHVFKDNHOHQ'HNQRSEOLMIWJHGXUHQGHGH
KHOHGXXUYDQKHWRQWGRRLHQEUDQGHQ
9HUPLQGHUGHEUXLQLQJVJUDDGDOVHUGLNNHUHVQHHWMHVEURRGZRUGHQJHEUXLNWHQODDWKHWEURRGQD
KHWURRVWHUHQQRJPLQXWHQLQGHVOHXYHQ]LWWHQ
VERWARMINGSFUNCTIE
8NXQWKHWDSSDUDDWJHEUXLNHQRPDOJHURRVWHUGHVQHHWMHVEURRGWHYHUZDUPHQ
'RHGHVQHHWMHVEURRGLQGHVOHXYHQYDQGHEURRGURRVWHU%8NXQWGHPHHJHOHYHUGHEURRG-
NOHPPHQ$JHEUXLNHQ
6FKXLIGHVWDUWKHQGHO&RPODDJWRWKLMYDVW]LW
'UXNRSGHYHUZDUPLQJVWRHWV RPGH YHUZDUPLQJVIXQFWLHLQWHVFKDNHOHQ'HNQRSEOLMIW
JHGXUHQGHGHKHOHGXXUYDQGHYHUZDUPLQJEUDQGHQ
'HYHUZDUPLQJVWLMGLVYDVWHQNDQQLHWZRUGHQJHZLM]LJG
REINIGING EN ONDERHOUD
5HJHOPDWLJRQGHUKRXGHQHHQUHJHOPDWLJHUHLQLJLQJ]RUJHQHUYRRUGDWKHWDSSDUDDWODQJLQJRHGH
VWDDWEHKRXGHQEOLMIWHQJRHGEOLMIWZHUNHQ
Gevaar - Risico voor elektrische schok
$OOHKLHURQGHUDDQJHJHYHQUHLQLJLQJVKDQGHOLQJHQPRHWHQZRUGHQYHUULFKWELMXLWJHVFKDNHOG
DSSDUDDWHQPHWGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW
Let op - Gevaar voor brandwonden
5HLQLJLQJVHQRQGHUKRXGVZHUN]DDPKHGHQPRJHQDOOHHQZRUGHQYHUULFKWDOVKHWDSSDUDDW
YROOHGLJLVDIJHNRHOG
Let op – Gevaar voor materiële schade
'RPSHOGHEDVLVQLHWLQZDWHU*HEUXLNJHHQDJUHVVLHYHUHLQLJLQJVPLGGHOHQRIRSORVPLGGH-
OHQRPGDWGLHKHWSODVWLFNXQQHQEHVFKDGLJHQ
31
NL
*HEUXLNQRRLWPHWDOHQRIVFKHUSJHUHHGVFKDSRPGHELQQHQNDQWYDQKHWDSSDUDDWVFKRRQ
te maken.
1DLHGHUJHEUXLNYDQKHWDSSDUDDWPDDNWXGHNUXLPHOODGHOHHJHQVFKRRQ(
0DDNKHWDSSDUDDWVFKRRQPHWHHQYRFKWLJQLHWVFKXUHQGGRHNMHGDWPHWZDWHUHQHQNHOHGUXS-
SHOVQLHWDJUHVVLHIUHLQLJLQJVPLGGHOLVEHYRFKWLJG
'URRJKHWDSSDUDDWPHWGHKDQGDI
32
EL
ƴƸƧƵƫƬƣƮƧƣƶƵƱƵƱƧƥƸƧƫƳƫƦƫƱ
ȂȠȜȠȞȩIJȚȠȚıȣıțİȣȑȢțĮIJĮıțİȣȐıIJȘțĮȞıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮijȑȢIJȦȞțİȓȝİȞȦȞİȣȡȦʌĮȧ-
țȫȞįȚĮIJȐȟİȦȞțĮȚțĮIJȐıȣȞȑʌİȚĮİȓȞĮȚʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣȝȑȞİȢıİȩȜĮIJĮįȣȞȘIJȚțȐİʌȚțȓȞįȣȞĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮ-
IJĮįȚĮȕȐıIJİʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐIJȚȢʌȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢțĮȚȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȠ-
ȞȐȤĮȖȚĮIJȠıțȠʌȩʌȠȣʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮțĮȚȗȘȝȚȑȢĭȣȜȐȟIJİʌȡȩȤİȚȡȠ
IJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠĮȣIJȩȖȚĮȞĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮIJȠıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȪİıIJİıIJȠȝȑȜȜȠȞǹȞʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮįȫıİIJİIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒıİțȐʌȠȚȠȐȜȜȠȐIJȠȝȠșȣȝȘșİȓIJİȞĮIJȠȣʌĮȡĮįȫıİIJİȝĮȗȓțĮȚIJȠʌĮȡȩȞİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ
ƲƳƱƤƭƧƲƱƮƧƯƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȞĮȟİʌĮȖȫıİIJİȞĮȗİıIJȐȞİIJİțĮȚȞĮijȡȣȖĮȞȓıİ-
IJİijȑIJİȢȥȦȝȚȠȪțĮȚȐȜȜĮ ȟȘȡȐIJȡȩijȚȝĮʌĮȡȩȝȠȚĮȢıȪıIJĮıȘȢȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘ IJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠȞȀĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȅȓțȠȠȠʌȠȓȠȢĮʌĮȜȜȐııİIJĮȚĮʌȩțȐșİ
İȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȠʌȠȚİıįȒʌȠIJİȕȜȐȕİȢʌȠȣșĮʌȡȠțȪȥȠȣȞĮʌȩIJȘȞĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ǾĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘȑȤİȚıĮȞıȣȞȑʌİȚĮIJȘȞĮțȪȡȦıȘȠʌȠȚĮıįȒʌȠIJİȝȠȡijȒȢİȖȖȪȘıȘȢ
ƴƩƮƣƯƵƫƬƧƴƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƫƴ
ǼȀǺǻǺȉȊǽ ȇȈȆȉǽȁȊȀȁǺ ȊȀȉ ȇǺȈǺȁǺȊȎ ȆǼǿĬȀǽȉ.
ǾıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚ ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȖȚĮȠȚțȚĮțȒȤȡȒıȘ țĮȚįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚȖȚĮİȝʌȠȡȚțȠȪȢȒȕȚȠȝȘȤĮȞȚțȠȪȢıțȠʌȠȪȢ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȑȤİȚȗȘȝȚȐIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȒIJȠijȚȢȒĮȞʌĮ-
ȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚİȜȐIJIJȦȝĮȘıȣıțİȣȒǵȜİȢȠȚİʌȚıțİȣȑȢĮțȩȝĮțĮȚȘĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮ-
ıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚıİȑȞĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠ
ȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒȠʌȦıįȒʌȠIJİĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȘȜİțIJȡȠȜȩȖȠ
ȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİȠʌȠȚȠȞįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠ
Ǿ ıȣıțİȣȒ ıȣȝȝȠȡijȫȞİIJĮȚ ȝİ IJȘȞ ȠįȘȖȓĮ ǼȀ ȊʌĮȡ IJȘȢ
ʌİȡȓȣȜȚțȫȞıİİʌĮijȒȝİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȣIJȒʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȖȚĮȤȡȒıȘİȠȚțȚĮțȑȢİijĮȡȝȠȖȑȢțĮȚʌĮȡȩȝȠȚİȢȩʌȦȢ
ıİȝȚțȡȑȢțȠȣȗȓȞİȢȖȚĮIJȠʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȩıIJĮțĮIJĮıIJȒȝĮIJĮIJĮȖȡĮijİȓĮțĮȚȐȜȜȠȣȢ
İʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢȤȫȡȠȣȢ
ıIJĮĮȖȡȠțIJȒȝĮIJĮ
-
ȖȚĮȤȡȒıȘĮʌȩIJȠȣȢʌİȜȐIJİȢıİȟİȞȠįȠȤİȓĮʌĮȞıȚȩȞțĮȚȐȜȜȠȣȢȤȫȡȠȣȢįȚĮȝȠȞȒȢ
-
ȈIJĮIJȠȣȡȚıIJȚțȐțĮIJĮȜȪȝĮIJĮIJȪʌȠȣįȚĮȞȣțIJȑȡİȣıȘȝİʌȡȦȧȞȩEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓDŽNJǂǕǂǍNJNjǒƽǑǂNJDžNJƽ
ǹʌĮȖȠȡİȪİIJĮȚȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦĮʌȩİIJȫȞțĮȚȐIJȠȝĮ
ȝİİȚįȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȒĮʌȩȐIJȠȝĮʌȠȣįİȞȑȤȠȣȞIJȘȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘʌİȓȡĮİțIJȩȢ
țĮȚĮȞİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȣʌİȪșȣȞȠʌȠȣȑȤİȚįȚĮȕȐıİȚțĮȚțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚIJȚȢ
ȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣ-
ȒȢ
IJĮʌĮȚįȚȐįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮȡȝȠįȚȩIJȘIJĮ
IJȠȣȤȡȒıIJȘįİȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌȠȞIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞİʌȓȕȜİȥȘ
İȞȩȢİȞȒȜȚțĮ
33
EL
ȀȡĮIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐȝȚțȡȩ-
IJİȡĮIJȦȞİIJȫȞ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮİȖțĮIJĮȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘįȚȐșİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞ
ʌĮȚįȚȫȞįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȅȚIJȣȤȩȞIJȡȠʌȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȢĮȣIJȠȪIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢʌȠȣįİȞİȓȞĮȚİȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞİȢĮʌȩ
IJȠȞțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠȑȤȠȣȞıĮȞİʌĮțȩȜȠȣșȠIJȘȞʌĮȪıȘȚıȤȪȠȢIJȘȢİȖȖȪ-
ȘıȘȢțĮȚIJȘȞĮıijȐȜİȚĮIJȘȢȓįȚĮȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȆȡȚȞȕȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘʌȠȣĮȞĮ-
ijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮIJİȤȞȚțȫȞȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȫȞIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓ
ıIJȘȞIJȐıȘIJȠȣįȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢ
ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȐȞIJĮȝȚĮȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘʌȡȓȗĮ
ǹțȩȝĮțĮȚȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȒȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞ
ʌȡȓȗĮȩIJĮȞʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİȘȞĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİIJİIJĮįȚȐijȠȡĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȒȞĮİțIJİȜȑıİIJİIJȚȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJĮȤȑȡȚĮıĮȢİȓȞĮȚıIJİȖȞȐʌȡȚȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘȞıȣ-
ıțİȣȒȒʌȡȚȞȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȠȣȢįȚĮțȩʌIJİȢIJȘȢȒʌȡȚȞĮȖȖȓȟİIJİIJȠijȚȢȒIJȚȢȘȜİțIJȡȚ-
țȑȢıȣȞįȑıİȚȢ
ȂȘȞIJȡĮȕȐIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȖȚĮȞĮIJȠȕȖȐȜİIJİĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȉȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȡȓȕİIJĮȚıİĮȚȤȝȘȡȑȢȖȦȞȚȑȢȒȐȜȜĮĮȚȤȝȘ-
ȡȐĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǑǐǖǐǗdžǀnjdžǕǂNJǔdžLJdžǔǕƾǓdžǑNJǗƽǎdžNJdžǓ
ǵIJĮȞȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓIJȠȗȑıIJĮȝĮIJĮȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐIJȝȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢȜĮȕȓįĮȢİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪ
ȗİıIJȐȞĮʌȚȐȞİIJİIJȘȜĮȕȓįĮȝȩȞȠĮʌȩIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐȝȑȡȘ
ȂȘȕȐȗİIJİȝȑıĮıIJȘijȡȣȖĮȞȚȑȡĮIJĮȤȑȡȚĮıĮȢȒȠʌȠȚȠįȒʌȠIJİȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȩȣȜȚțȩ
ȖȚĮʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮȝĮȤĮȓȡȚĮȒĮȜȠȣȝȚȞȩȤĮȡIJȠ
ȆȇȅȈȅȋǾȀǿȃǻȊȃȅȈǼīȀǹȊȂǹȉȍȃȝȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȠʌȐȞȦȝȑȡȠȢIJȘȢijȡȣ-
ȖĮȞȚȑȡĮȢȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚIJȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȖȚĮIJȓİȓȞĮȚțĮȣIJȩ
ȆȡȠıȠȤȒǽİıIJȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǖnjNJNjǟǎLJLjǍNJǟǎ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȠijȚȢțĮȚIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮ
ȣȖȡȐȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȑȞĮȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓȖȚĮIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩIJȠȣȢ
ȂȘȞIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦȒțȠȞIJȐıİʌȘȖȑȢșİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮȢ
ȉȠȥȦȝȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțĮİȓīȚ¶ĮȣIJȩIJȠȜȩȖȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘ
ijȡȣȖĮȞȚȑȡĮțȐIJȦȒțȠȞIJȐĮʌȩİȪijȜİțIJĮȣȜȚțȐȩʌȦȢȠȚțȠȣȡIJȓȞİȢ
ȂȘȕȐȗİIJİʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡİȢĮʌȩįȣȠijȑIJİȢıİțȐșİȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJİȪıİIJİțȩȕȠ-
ȞIJĮȢIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣȞĮIJĮ
ȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȖȚĮ
ȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
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īȚĮIJȘıȦıIJȒįȚȐșİıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȘȞǼȣȡȦʌĮȧțȒȅįȘȖȓĮ
(ǼıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮįȚĮȕȐıİIJİIJȠİȚįȚțȩȑȞIJȣʌȠʌȠȣʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚ
ȝĮȗȓȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƷƶƭƣưƵƧƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƣƶƵƧƴ
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
$ ȁĮȕȓįİȢ
% ȊʌȠįȠȤȑȢ
& ȂȠȤȜȩȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
' ȀĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
( ȈȣȡIJȐȡȚȖȚĮIJĮȥȓȤȠȣȜĮ
) ȆȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȪıȘȢȝİİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ
* ȆȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢȖȚĮȗȑıIJĮȝĮȝİİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ
+ ȆȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢȟİʌĮȖȫȝĮIJȠȢȝİİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ
, ȀȠȣȝʌȓȖȚĮIJȘȡȪșȝȚıȘIJȘȢȕĮșȝȓįĮȢijȡȣȖĮȞȓıȝĮIJȠȢ
- ǼȟȐȡIJȘȝĮʌİȡȚIJȪȜȚȟȘȢțĮȜȦįȓȠȣ
ƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƫƴƭƧƫƵƱƶƳƥƫƣƴ
ȃș ȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțıȔijı ĴȒijıȣ ȦȧȞțȡȫ ʍȡȝȫ ȝıʍijȒȣ ȓ IJʍįIJȞȒȟıȣ.
ȃș ȖȑȘıijı IJijș IJȤIJȜıȤȓ ʍȡȝȫ ȡȗȜȬİș ijȢȪĴțȞį.
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȕȐȗİIJİIJȡȩijȚȝĮʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮıIJȐȟȠȣȞțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢǼțIJȩȢĮʌȩ
IJȠȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıȠȣȞįȪıțȠȜİȢIJȚȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪȝʌȠȡİȓțĮȚȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıȠȣȞʌȣȡ-
țĮȖȚȐȆȡȚȞĮʌȩțȐșİȤȡȒıȘțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠıȣȡIJȐȡȚȖȚĮIJĮȥȓȤȠȣȜĮĮʌȩIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮ
IJȡȠijȓȝȦȞȒȥȓȤȠȣȜĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȂȘȕȐȗİIJİıIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȚȡȠȪȞȚĮȒȐȜȜĮıțİȪȘǹȣIJȒȘİȞȑȡȖİȚĮȝʌȠȡİȓ
ȞĮțȐȞİȚȗȘȝȚȐıIJȚȢĮȞIJȚıIJȐıİȚȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢțĮȚȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
ƲƳƺƵƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ȀĮIJȐIJȘȞʌȡȫIJȘȤȡȒıȘıȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȞĮĮijȒıİIJİĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȘIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐȫıIJİȞĮİȟĮ-
ȜİȓȥİIJİIJȘȝȣȡȦįȚȐIJȠȣ©țĮȚȞȠȪȡȖȚȠȣªȉȘȞʌȡȫIJȘijȠȡȐʌȠȣșĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȣʌȐȡȤİȚʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮȞĮıȤȘȝĮIJȚıIJİȓȜȓȖȠȢțĮʌȞȩȢ
ƲƺƴƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƵƱƴƵ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȚȢijȑIJİȢȥȦȝȚȠȪȝȑıĮıIJȚȢȣʌȠįȠȤȑȢIJȘȢijȡȣȖĮȞȚȑȡĮȢ%ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİ-
IJİIJȚȢȜĮȕȓįİȢ$ʌȠȣșĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓ,ȖȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȒȕĮșȝȓįĮijȡȣȖĮȞȓıȝĮIJȠȢ
ȀĮIJİȕȐıIJİIJȠȝȠȤȜȩȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ&ȝȑȤȡȚȞĮ©țȠȣȝʌȫıİȚª
ȂİIJȐĮʌȩȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐȠȜȠțȜȘȡȫȞİIJĮȚIJȠijȡȣȖȐȞȚıȝĮțĮȚȠȝȠȤȜȩȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮȞİȕĮȓȞİȚĮȣIJȩ-
ȝĮIJĮĮȞȐȜȠȖĮȝİIJȘȞİʌȚȜİȖȝȑȞȘȕĮșȝȓįĮijȡȣȖĮȞȓıȝĮIJȠȢȅȚijȑIJİȢIJȠȣȥȦȝȚȠȪȒȠȚȜĮȕȓįİȢ
İȟȦșȠȪȞIJĮȚʌȡȠȢIJĮʌȐȞȦ
ǹȞįİȞİȓȞĮȚțĮȜȐȥȘȝȑȞȠIJȠIJȠıIJİʌȚȜȑȟIJİȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘȕĮșȝȓįĮijȡȣȖĮȞȓıȝĮIJȠȢǹȞİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪ
35
EL
ıțȠȪȡȠIJȠIJȠıIJİʌȚȜȑȟIJİȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘȕĮșȝȓįĮijȡȣȖĮȞȓıȝĮIJȠȢ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȪıȘȢ ȖȚĮȞĮıIJĮȝĮIJȒıİIJİIJȠijȡȣȖȐȞȚıȝĮȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİıIJȚȖȝȒ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²NjǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȀĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȘȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢȠȚȣʌȠįȠȤȑȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȗİıIJĮȓ-
ȞȠȞIJĮȚʌȐȡĮʌȠȜȪȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİ
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮĮʌȩIJȠıȣȡIJȐȡȚȖȚĮȥȓȤȠȣȜĮ(
ȂİIJȐIJȘȤȡȒıȘıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮIJȣȜȓȟİIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȖȪȡȦĮʌȩIJĮİȚįȚțȐʌȚĮıIJȡȐțȚĮ-ʌȠȣ
ȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ƭƧƫƵƱƶƳƥƫƣưƧƲƣƥƺƮƣƵƱƴ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȞĮȟİʌĮȖȫıİIJİțĮȚȞĮijȡȣȖĮȞȓıİIJİțĮIJİȥȣȖȝȑȞİȢ
ijȑIJİȢȥȦȝȚȠȪ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȚȢțĮIJİȥȣȖȝȑȞİȢijȑIJİȢȥȦȝȚȠȪȝȑıĮıIJȚȢȣʌȠįȠȤȑȢ%IJȘȢijȡȣȖĮȞȚȑȡĮȢȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȚȢȜĮȕȓįİȢ$ʌȠȣșĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓ,ȖȚĮȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȕĮșȝȓįĮijȡȣȖĮȞȓıȝĮIJȠȢıIJȘȞșȑıȘ/LJKWİȜĮijȡȪ
ȀĮIJİȕȐıIJİIJȠȝȠȤȜȩȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ&ȝȑȤȡȚȞĮ©țȠȣȝʌȫıİȚª
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢȟİʌĮȖȫȝĮIJȠȢ ȖȚĮȞĮİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȠȟİʌȐȖȦȝĮȉȠ
ʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚijȦIJİȚȞȩȩıȠįȚĮȡțİȓIJȠȟİʌȐȖȦȝĮ
ǵIJĮȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȚȠȤȠȞIJȡȑȢijȑIJİȢȝİȚȫıIJİIJȘȕĮșȝȓįĮijȡȣȖĮȞȓıȝĮIJȠȢțĮȚĮijȒıIJİIJȠIJȠıIJ
ȝȑıĮıIJȚȢȣʌȠįȠȤȑȢȖȚĮȜİʌIJȐĮijȠȪȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓIJȠijȡȣȖȐȞȚıȝĮ
ƭƧƫƵƱƶƳƥƫƣƥƫƣƨƧƴƵƣƮƣ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȞĮȗİıIJȐȞİIJİȒįȘijȡȣȖĮȞȚıȝȑȞİȢijȑIJİȢȥȦȝȚȠȪ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȚȢijȑIJİȢȥȦȝȚȠȪȝȑıĮıIJȚȢȣʌȠįȠȤȑȢ%IJȘȢijȡȣȖĮȞȚȑȡĮȢȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİ-
IJİIJȚȢȜĮȕȓįİȢ$ʌȠȣșĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮ
ȀĮIJİȕȐıIJİIJȠȝȠȤȜȩȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ&ȝȑȤȡȚȞĮ©țȠȣȝʌȫıİȚª
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢȖȚĮȗȑıIJĮȝĮ ȖȚĮȞĮİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȠȗȑıIJĮȝĮȉȠʌȜȒ-
țIJȡȠʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚijȦIJİȚȞȩȩıȠįȚĮȡțİȓIJȠȗȑıIJĮȝĮIJȠȣȥȦȝȚȠȪ
ȅȤȡȩȞȠȢȖȚĮIJȠȗȑıIJĮȝĮİȓȞĮȚıIJĮșİȡȩȢțĮȚįİȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮIJȡȠʌȠʌȠȚȘșİȓ
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƬƣƫƴƶƯƵƩƳƩƴƩ
ȉĮțIJȚțȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘțĮȚțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢIJȘȞįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞıİȐȡȚıIJȘțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȖȚĮȝİ-
ȖȐȜȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ǵȜİȢȠȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȠȣĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȝİıȕȘ-
ıIJȒıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚĮijȠȪȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²NjǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ǵȜİȢȠȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȩIJĮȞȑȤİȚțȡȣȫıİȚ
IJİȜİȓȦȢȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƲǒǐǔǐǘƿƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǖnjNJNjǟǎLJLjǍNJǟǎ
ȂȘȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘȕȐıȘıIJȠȞİȡȩȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİįȚĮȕȡȦIJȚțȐĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȐȒįȚĮȜȪIJİȢ
ʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞȠȣȞȗȘȝȚȐıIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐȝȑȡȘ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐțĮȚĮȚȤȝȘȡȐİȡȖĮȜİȓĮȖȚĮȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩ
ȝȑȡȠȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
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ȂİIJȐĮʌȩțȐșİȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮįİȚȐıIJİțĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠıȣȡIJȐȡȚȖȚĮIJĮȥȓȤȠȣȜĮ(
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮʌĮȞȓİȜĮijȡȫȢȕȡİȖȝȑȞȠȝİȞİȡȩțĮȚȜȓȖİȢıIJĮȖȩȞİȢ
İȞȩȢȝȘįȚĮȕȡȦIJȚțȠȪĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪ
ȈțȠȣʌȓıIJİȝİIJȠȤȑȡȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
37
RU
ǼǯȋȀǼǷǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶǶ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɛɵɥɨɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨɜɩɨɥɧɨɦɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɹɦɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɧɨɪɦɢɜɫɟɟɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɡɚɳɢɬɨɣɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢɦɟɪɚɦɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɢɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɜɦɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬ-
ɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟȿɫɥɢɜɵɪɟɲɢɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɪɭɤɢɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɷɬɭɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ǻǮǵǻǮȅdzǻǶdzȁǿȀǾǼǷǿȀǰǮ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɨɪɨɡɤɢ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɠɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɥɟɛɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɭɯɢɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɩɨɯɨɠɟɣɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɢɅɸɛɵɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɵɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɩɪɟɞ-
ɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɦ ɫ ɫɟɛɹɜɫɹɤɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɜɥɟɱɟɬɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɨɬɦɟɧɭɥɸɛɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
ǽǾǮǰǶǹǮȀdzȃǻǶǸǶǯdzǵǼǽǮǿǻǼǿȀǶ
Ɋɀɋɀȿ ɊɀɋȽɖɇ ɃɌɊɉɆɗɂɉȽȻɈɃɀɇ ɊɋɃȼɉɋȻ ɈɀɉȼɐɉȿɃɇɉ ȽɈɃɇȻ-
ɍɀɆɗɈɉ ɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɍɗ ɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɎə ɃɈɌɍɋɎɅɑɃə.
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɟɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹɜɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɥɢɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯɰɟɥɹɯ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɲɧɭɪɟɢɥɢɜɢɥɤɟɚɬɚɤ-
ɠɟɜɫɚɦɨɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɅɸɛɨɣɪɟɦɨɧɬɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɡɚɦɟɧɭɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɢɥɢ
ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɤɚɤɨɝɨɥɢɛɨɪɢɫɤɚ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (& ʋ ɨɬ
ɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɫɩɢɳɟɜɵɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ɗɬɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɢɥɢ
ɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɫɧɢɦɢɤɚɤɬɨ
ɜɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɜɨɮɢɫɨɜɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɨɬ-
ɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ
ɧɚɮɟɪɦɚɯ
ɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɦɨɬɟɥɟɣɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣɠɢ-
ɥɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɜɦɟɫɬɚɯɬɢɩɚɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
ǼȝȎȟțȜȒșȭȒȓȠȓȗ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɞɟɬɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɥɟɬɢɥɢɥɢɰɚɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ-
ɧɵɦɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɦɢɢɥɢɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɥɢɛɨ
ɠɟɥɢɰɚɫɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦɨɩɵɬɚɢɥɢɭɦɟɧɢɹɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɫɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢɭɫɬɪɨɣ-
ɫɬɜɚɦɢɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɥɢɰɚɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɫɥɟ
ɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɢɯɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɯɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦɚɬɚɤ-
ɠɟɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɹɬɨɛɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɹɯɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɶɫɹɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ
ɟɝɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
38
RU
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɞɟɬɹɦɢɝɪɚɬɶɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚɢɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɵɞɟɬɹɦɧɟɦɥɚɞɲɟ
ɥɟɬɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ
Ⱦɟɪɠɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɦɟɫɬɟɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
Ʌɸɛɵɟ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ ɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɟɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɟɝɨ ɢɫ-
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɥɢ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸɫɟɬɢ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɪɨɡɟɬɤɟɫɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
Ⱦɚɠɟɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɧɭɬɶɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɢɥɢɭɛɪɚɬɶɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɞɥɹɨɫɭ-
ɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɥɢɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟ-
ɥɹɦɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɤɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɸɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɦɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɭ
ȼɚɫɯɨɪɨɲɨɜɵɬɟɪɬɵɪɭɤɢ
ȼɵɧɢɦɚɹɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɧɟɬɹɧɢɬɟɟɟɡɚɩɪɨɜɨɞ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɨɫɬɪɵɦɢɢɪɟɠɭ-
ɳɢɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȖȟȣȜȒȭȧȎȭȜȠțȎȑȞȓȠȩȣȥȎȟȠȓȗ
ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɠɢɥɵ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɨɱɟɧɶɝɨɪɹɱɢɟɛɟɪɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɡɚɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɟɱɚɫɬɢ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɜɧɭɬɪɶɬɨɫɬɟɪɚɩɚɥɶɰɵɢɥɢɥɸɛɵɟɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɠɢɢɥɢɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɭɸɮɨɥɶɝɭ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖɈɀɈȽɈȼɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɜɟɪɯɧɢɦɤɪɨɦɤɚɦ
ɬɨɫɬɟɪɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɨɱɟɧɶɝɨɪɹɱɢɦɢ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɇɚɝɪɟɬɚɹɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȝȞȖȥȖțȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȐȞȓȒȎ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɬɶɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɜɜɨɞɭ
ɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢɞɥɹɭɯɨɞɚɡɚɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɜɥɚɠɧɭɸɬɤɚɧɶ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜɬɟɩɥɚ
ɏɥɟɛɦɨɠɟɬɠɟɱɶɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɬɨɫɬɟɪɵɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɩɨɞ
ɢɥɢɪɹɞɨɦɫɥɟɝɤɨɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɪɹɞɨɦɫɨ
ɲɬɨɪɚɦɢ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɜɨɞɧɭɩɪɨɪɟɡɶɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɨɥɟɟɨɞɧɨɝɨɥɨɦɬɹɯɥɟɛɚ
39
RU
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɫɪɨɤɚɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɹɯɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɫɞɟɥɚɜɩɪɢ-
ɛɨɪɧɟɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨ-
ɛɵɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɝɪɭɲɤɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
Ⱦɥɹɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣȾɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ(8ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɡɧɚɤɨ-
ɦɢɬɶɫɹɫɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɩɚɦɹɬɤɨɣ
ȃǾǮǻǶȀȊǻǮǿȀǼȍȇdzdzǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮ-
ȄǶǶ
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdzȁǿȀǾǼǷǿȀǰǮ
$ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɢ
% ɉɪɨɪɟɡɢ
& Ɋɭɱɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
' Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
( ɉɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɪɨɲɟɤ
) Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɫɬɨɩɫɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ
* Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɫɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ
+ Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɪɚɡɦɨɪɨɡɤɢɫɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ
, Ɋɭɱɤɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢɪɟɠɢɦɨɜɩɨɞɠɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ
- Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɣɛɚɪɚɛɚɧ
ǺdzǾȉǽǾdzDzǼǿȀǼǾǼǴǻǼǿȀǶǽǾǶȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
Ɉɠ ɫɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɮɠɭɬɺ ɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɭɷ ɬɦɣɳɥɩɧ ɭɩɨɥɣɠ ɣɦɣ ɦɩɧɛɨɶɠ ɥɮɬɥɣ ɰɦɠɜɛ.
Ɉɠ ɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɮɤɭɠ ɝ ɭɩɬɭɠɫɠ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɶ ɬɦɣɳɥɩɧ ɥɫɮɪɨɶɰ ɫɛɢɧɠɫɩɝ.
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɫɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɦɨɠɟɬɤɚɩɚɬɶɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɗɬɨɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɱɢɫɬɤɢɧɨɬɚɤɠɟɢɦɨɠɟɬ
ɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹɑɢɫɬɢɬɟɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɪɨɲɟɤɨɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ
ɟɞɵɢɤɪɨɲɟɤɩɟɪɟɞɤɚɠɞɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ǼȟȠȜȞȜȔțȜǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȜȠȞȎȐȚȩ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɜɧɭɬɪɶɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɢɥɤɢɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɫɬɨɥɨɜɵɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɵɉɨɞɨɛ-
ɧɵɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɨɝɭɬɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɢɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɸɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦ
ǽdzǾǰǼdzǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶdz
ɉɪɢɩɟɪɜɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɟɝɨɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɦɢɧɭɬɞɥɹɜɵɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɨɜɨɝɨɡɚɩɚɯɚɉɪɢɩɟɪɜɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɬɢɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɞɵɦɚ
40
RU
ǸǮǸǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǶȀȊȀǼǿȀ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɥɨɦɬɢɤɢɯɥɟɛɚɜɩɪɨɪɟɡɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɚ%Ɇɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɢ$ɜɯɨɞɹ-
ɳɢɟɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɬɨɫɬɟɪɚ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭ,ɞɥɹɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɩɨɞɠɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ&ɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪɩɨɤɚɨɧɚɧɟɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɑɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɢɧɭɬ ɩɨɞɠɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɢ ɜɵɫɤɚɤɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɜɟɪɯ
ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɞɠɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ Ʌɨɦɬɢɤɢ ɯɥɟɛɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɢ
ɜɵɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɜɟɪɯ
ȿɫɥɢɥɨɦɬɢɤɯɥɟɛɚɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɡɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɵɦɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɛɨɥɟɟɫɢɥɶɧɭɸɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɩɨɞɠɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹȿɫɥɢɥɨɦɬɢɤɯɥɟɛɚɩɨɥɱɢɥɫɹɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɬɺɦɧɵɦɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɦɟɧɶɲɭɸɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɩɨɞɠɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɫɬɨɩ ɞɥɹɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɩɨɞɠɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹɜɥɸɛɨɣɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ǼȟȠȜȞȜȔțȜȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȜȔȜȑȜȐ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɨɞɠɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɨɪɟɡɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɨɱɟɧɶɫɢɥɶɧɨ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɸɬɫɹɇɟɬɪɨɝɚɣɬɟɢɯ
Ɉɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɬɨɤɚɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɧɚɤɨɩɢɜɲɢɟɫɹɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɩɢɳɢɢɡɩɨɞ-
ɞɨɧɚɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɤɪɨɲɟɤ(
ɉɨɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶɝɧɟɡɞɚɦɢɞɥɹɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚ-ɞɥɹɡɚɜɨ-
ɪɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɜɨɤɪɭɝɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ȂȁǻǸȄǶȍǾǮǵǺǼǾǮǴǶǰǮǻǶȍ
ȼɵɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɢ ɩɨɞɪɭɦɹɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɯɥɟɛɚ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɥɨɦɬɢɤɢɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɯɥɟɛɚɜɩɪɨɪɟɡɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɚ%Ɇɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɟɪ-
ɠɚɬɟɥɢ$ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɬɨɫɬɟɪɚ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭ,ɱɬɨɛɵɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɩɨɞɠɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ/LJKW
Ɉɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ&ɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪɩɨɤɚɨɧɚɧɟɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɪɚɡɦɨɪɨɡɤɢ ɱɬɨɛɵɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɪɚɡɦɨɪɨɡɤɢɄɥɚ-
ɜɢɲɚɛɭɞɟɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɜɫɟɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɪɚɡɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ȿɫɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɥɫɬɵɟ ɥɨɦɬɢɤɢ ɯɥɟɛɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɠɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɝɨɬɨɜɵɣɬɨɫɬɜɧɭɬɪɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɦɢɧɭɬɵɩɨɫɥɟɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɩɨɞɠɚ-
ɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ȂȁǻǸȄǶȍǽǼDzǼDZǾdzǰǮ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɦɨɠɟɬɬɚɤɠɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɞɥɹɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɭɠɟɩɨɞɠɚɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɯɥɟɛɚ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɥɨɦɬɢɤɢɯɥɟɛɚɜɩɪɨɪɟɡɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɚ%Ɇɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɢ$ɜɯɨɞɹ-
ɳɢɟɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɬɨɫɬɟɪɚ
Ɉɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ&ɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪɩɨɤɚɨɧɚɧɟɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɱɬɨɛɵɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɄɥɚɜɢ-
ɲɚɛɭɞɟɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɜɫɟɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚ
ȼɪɟɦɹɞɥɹɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɨɛɵɱɧɨɩɪɟɞɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɢɟɝɨɧɟɥɶɡɹɩɨɦɟɧɹɬɶ
41
RU
ǼȅǶǿȀǸǮǶȀdzȃǼǯǿǹȁǴǶǰǮǻǶdz
ɉɪɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɢɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣɝɚɪɚɧɬɢ-
ɪɭɟɬɫɹɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɟɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ǼȟȠȜȞȜȔțȜǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȜȠȞȎȐȚȩ
Ʌɸɛɵɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɨɥɠɧɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɩɨɥɧɨɦɟɝɨɜɵ-
ɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢɢɡɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ǼȟȠȜȞȜȔțȜȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȜȔȜȑȜȐ
Ʌɸɛɵɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɨɥɠɧɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɩɨɥɧɨɦɟɝɨɨɯ-
ɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȞȖȥȖțȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȐȞȓȒȎ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɬɶɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɜɜɨɞɭɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ
ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɢɥɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɢɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɬɨɥɨɜɵɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɵɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɡɧɭɬɪɢ
ɉɨɫɥɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɫɟɜɵɬɚɳɢɬɶɢɡɩɨɞɞɨɧɚɞɥɹɤɪɨɲɟɤɢ
ɩɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɟɝɨ(
Ⱦɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɜɥɚɠɧɭɸɦɹɝɤɭɸɬɤɚɧɶɫɥɟɝɤɚɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɭɸɜɜɨɞɟɫɪɚɫɬɜɨ-
ɪɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɧɟɣɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢɤɚɩɥɹɦɢɦɹɝɤɨɝɨɦɨɸɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ȼɵɬɪɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɫɭɯɨɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ
42
RU
Ⱦɚɬɚɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ61ZN\UDEFGHIJ
ɝɞɟZN±ɧɟɞɟɥɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
\U±ɝɨɞɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
DEFGHIJ±ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɈɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɧɢɡɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨ-
ɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɚɜɝɭɫɬɚɝɨɞɚ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜªɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟ-
ɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɞɟɤɚɛɪɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ȼaȽɰȼɬɄɥɚɫɫ,,3;
ɋɞɟɥɚɧɨɜɄɢɬɚɟ
ɂɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɈɈɈ©Ɇɟɞɢɚɬɟɯª
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɢɰɚɋɚɞɨɜɚɹɌɪɢɭɦɮɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɦɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ
ɉɈɆ,ɄɈɆ
ɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɍɫɚɱɟɜɚɞɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɨɦ,,ɤɨɦ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ'H¶/RQJKL$SSOLDQFHV6UO©ȾɟɥɨɧɝɢȺɩɩɥɚɟɧɫɢɫɋɊɅªȺɞɪɟɫɂɬɚɥɢɹ
ɎɥɨɪɟɧɰɢɹɄɚɦɩɢȻɢɡɟɧɰɢɨȼɢɚɋɄɭɢɪɢɤɨ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɣɢɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɦɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɫɚɣɬɟKWWSZZZDULHWHQHWUXDVVLVWDQFH
Ƚɨɪɹɱɚɹɥɢɧɢɹ$ULHWH
Ɍɨɜɚɪɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟɢɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸɧɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɦɟɫɬɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɣɫɪɨɤɝɨɞɚɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
43
AR
ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟا اﺬﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ ﺔّﻴﻤﺤﻣو ،ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ
يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻠﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳاو صﺮﺤﺑ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ةءاﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
هﺬﻫ ﻖﻓرأ .ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌا ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻼﻟ ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا .راﴐﻷاو ثداﻮﺤﻟا عﻮﻗو ﻊﻨﳌ ،ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ
.ﻐﻠﻟ ﻪﺋاﺪﻫإ وأ ﻪﻌﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ضﺮﻐﻟا
ماﻮﻗ تاذ ىﺮﺧأ ﺔّﻓﺎﺟ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣو ﺰﺒﺨﻟا ﺢﺋاﴍ ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺗو ﺨﺴﺗو ﺞﻠﺜﻟا ﺐﻳوﺬﺗ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ لﻌﺘﺳا ﺐﺠﻳ
يدﺆﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز .ﺔﻘﺋﻻ ﻏ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﻊﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻳ ﻻ .ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ
.ﺎﻬﺘﻐﻴﺻ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻬﻣ ،نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﻖﺋﻻ ﻐﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا
نﺎﻣﻷا تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا صﺮﺤﺑ أﺮﻗا.
{Lk=`rx/!`_˴M4ʙ`4ke˼PspT˲`r;)`_˴M4ʙ`FYT1p!`.ogzf=g
Nzf sEMeq5Uj1p!`i˾-rɪ0p]`.(˯rɪ0p]`b]`Va`$ʓ1p!`bfM5ʘ
ﺐّﻨﺠﺘﻟ ،ﻟّﻮﺨﻣ ﻴّﻴﻨﻓ وأ ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ ،ﺢﻴﻠﺼﺘﻟا لﻋأ
.ﺮﻄﺧ يأ عﻮﻗو
ةردﺎﺼﻟا 2004/1935gX/zr/rʜ_r,`Lsf!egIk`ZEe1p!`
.ﺔﻳﺬﻏﻸﻟ ﺔﺴﻣﻼﳌا داﻮﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌاو 2004/10/27 ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﺑ
bepp8erz`2k˯YzE`ʓ_˴M4ʙ`1p!`.oNk<rgɇf<
;ﺐﺗﺎﻜﳌا ﰲو ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺘﻟا تﻼﺤﳌا ﻲﻔﻇﻮﳌ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﰲ -
;عراﺰﳌا -
;ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﻴﻨﻜﺴﻟا تﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟاو قدﺎﻨﻔﻟا ءﻼﻤﻋ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا -
.رﺎﻄﻓﻹاو ﺖﻴﺒﳌا لﺰﻧو -
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
نﻮﻜﻠ ﻻ ﻦﻳﺬﻠﻟا صﺎﺨﺷﻷا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ تاﻮﻨﺳ 8lLgo/˴L,y2ly.`_UDʜbXle1p!`.o_˴M4l]˽
فاﴍﻹاو ﻢﻬﺘﻌﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ طﴍ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ وأ ةﱪﺧ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ وأ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟا وأ ﺔﻴ ّ
ﺴﺤﻟا وأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا ﻢﻫاﻮﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷاو تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا اﻮﺒﻋﻮﺘﺳاو اﻮﻤﻠﺘﺳا اذإ وأ لوﺆﺴﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ
1p!`Ma`_UDʝ`#˴5`c,L!y
ﺔﻄﻳﴍو ،تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﻞﻘﺗ دﻻوأ ﺎﻬﺑ مﻮﻘﻳ ﻻ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا مﺎﻬﻣ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺄﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا لﻋأ
.ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ
.تاﻮﻨﺳ 8lLgo/˴LbYly.`_UDʜ_rkelL,zMɪ0p]`b]`r1p!`JU$!y
gpzaL0E(/,=eb]9pjʜ_UDʜ_rkeʓVzaQ`+se[ɰʘ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
q`˴M4iereʙ4_E˰Nj=`bXle=(0e˼Pr1p!`.o˱Lg{`ʙy,M`x+il]˽
.مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ
z0p]`]9`ɇzE`sU`YEeesaM˯XE˱Lkz˯ɇzEaU`i,ɇ\0p]`1p!`bz<sbX
?ɇ/eɪ0p\.(ɬɧ+1p!`b<r
+0Uk˯2 ʜ+Mr_(+bXbfM`lLVXse1p!`is]ye,kLw$ɪ0p]`.(˯lL6Y`b=T
44
AR
.ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ وأ
6faczY`r1p!`˱L, s˯ɪ0p]`#U˯by,Mr_˴M4ʘbXT [,yis]ileɧ+ZY%
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا تﻼﻴﺻﻮﺘﻟاو ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا
b]`ɇ,8_ʙ(leɪ0p]`.(˯lL6Y`b=Uʘ
Vaa`q@ɇ0MleTs(ɇ+$2 rSs$bYez0p]`y.Q`b\[ɰʘ
ةّرﺎﺣ ءاﺰﺟأ دﻮﺟو ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
2 ʜleFYT8 ɇ
˴]`BXɀ, k(48 ɇ
˴]a`zj,M˯[ʙ4ʜ&=˾)5`zafLlepjʘ,kL
.ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا
2)`=f%eb(+0y,=XW/rr˾\]4_˯bz4˱Lzj,M˯+s˯leKsjxrly,z`NAʘ
ɀ, /$&=iʜ@ɇ0Mepjʜ_˴M4ʘk2)`=f%˯ysaM`js!`6faʘWɰ$ʘ0E(qzk
.ﻦﺧﺎﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ .ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ
D/7˴XMEXbfM4t0(ʜbs5`r˯ʓɪ0p]`b]`r6Y`r"k˯g5 YaEe0fQʘ
.ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻠﻟ
/0%`/+=ele0Y`rWsT1p!`NAʘ
05`be_M8ʙ`aX+se-%ɬr%2)`=f%e_˴M4c,L!y^`.`r2)`bM9yil]˽
ɇ
Z8b\ʓ2(˾%yʀleɵ\NAʘ
z0p]`y.Q`b\>X_ʙ(leq`˴M4Nke˱LbfM`!yɪpjb]91p!`.ole>a)`,kL
ﺐﻌﻠﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز
.ﻪﺑ
ﻰﺟﺮﻳ ، EU/2012/19 ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺺﻨﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣو ،ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ
.ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﳌاو ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا ةءاﺮﻗ
تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا هﺬﻬﺑ ﺎاد ﻆﻔﺘﺣا
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
تﺎﺷ ّ
ﻛ A
قﻮﻘﺸﻟا B
ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ﺔﻌﻓار C
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ D
ﺰﺒﺨﻟا تﺎﺘﻓ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ قوﺪﻨﺻ E
ﺔﻴﺋﻮﺿ ةرﺎﺷإ ﻊﻣ ﻒّﻗﻮﺘﻟا ّرز F
ﺔﻴﺋﻮﺿ ةرﺎﺷإ ﻊﻣ ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ّرز G
ﺔﻴﺋﻮﺿ ةرﺎﺷإ ﻊﻣ ﺞﻠﺜﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ّرز H
ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺘﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ I
ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّ
ﻒﻟ ةﺮﻜﺑ J
ﻞﻤﻌﻟا تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ةرﻮﺴﻜﻣ وأ اﺪﺟ ﺔﻘﻴﻗر ﺰﺒﺧ ﺢﺋاﴍ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
.ﻢﺠﺤﻟا ةﺒﻛ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
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ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
نأ ﻦﻜ ،ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻ ةدﺎﻳز ﱃإ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﻷ .ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﻣ ﻂﻘﻨﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
.لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﻛ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺰﺒﺨﻟا تﺎﺘﻓو مﺎﻌﻄﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺰﺒﺨﻟا تﺎﺘﻓ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ قوﺪﻨﺻ ﻒّﻈﻧ . ﻖﻳﺮﺣ ﺪﻟﻮﺗ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ ﱃإ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
ﻖﻠﺧو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا هﺬﻫ يدﺆﺗ نا ﻦﻜ . زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺧاد ىﺮﺧأ تاودأ وأ كﻮﺷ ﻞﺧﺪﺗ ﻻ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ عﻮﻗو ﺮﻄﺧ
ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ لﻌﺘﺳﻻا
ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ةاﻮﻜﳌا رﺪﺼُﺗ ."ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟا" ﺔﺤﺋار ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟا ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺒﻟ ﻪﻠﻴﻐﺸﺘﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﻋ
.ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﻋ نﺎﺧﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ
ﺖﺳﻮﺘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ ةدّرﻮﳌا (A) تﺎﺷ ّ
ﻜﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ .(B) ﺰﺒﺨﻟا ﺔﺼﻤﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺷ ﻞﺧاد ﺰﺒﺨﻟا ﺢﺋاﴍ ﻞﺧدأ (1
بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺘﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻂﺒﺿ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ (I) ﺔﻀﺒﻘﻟا ّ
ﻒﻟ (2
.ﻒّﻗﻮﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ (C) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا عارذ ﻂﺒﻫأ (3
ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺘﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﲆﻋ ءﺎﻨﺑ ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ لﺎﻌﺷﻹا عارذ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻳو ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﺗ ،ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ
.ﲆﻋﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﺎﻫدﺮﻃ ﻢﺘﻳ (تﺎﺷ ّ
ﻜﻟا وأ) ﺰﺒﺨﻟا ﺢﺋاﴍ .رﺎﺘﺨﳌا
ﺔﺟرد رﺎﺘﺧا ًاﺪﺟ ﻦﻛاد ﺖﺳﻮﺘﻟا نﻮﻟ نﺎﻛ اذإ .ﲆﻋأ ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺗ ﺔﺟرد رﺎﺘﺧا ،ﰲﺎﻜﻟا رﺪﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺺّﻤﺤﻣ ﻏ ﺖﺳﻮﺘﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ
. ّﻞﻗأ ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺗ
.ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻈﺤﻟ يأ ﰲ ﻒﻗﻮﺗ ﻟ ( ) ﻒّﻗﻮﺘﻟا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا (4
قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ًاﺪﺟ ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳ قﻮﻘﺸﻟا ﺢﺒﺼﺗ .قوﺮﺤﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.(E) ﺰﺒﺨﻟا تﺎﺘﻓ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ قوﺪﻨﺻ ﰲ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻔّﻠﺨﳌا ﺪﻌﺑأ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﻞﺼﻓأ (
5
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ لﻮﺣ ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ﻒﻟ ﻞﺟا ﻦﻣ (J) ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ﻒﻟ ةﺮﻜﺑ لﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ (6
ﺞﻠﺜﻟا ﺐﻳوﺬﺗ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو
.ةﺪّﻤﺠﳌا ﺰﺒﺨﻟا ﺢﺋاﴍ ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺗو ﺞﻠﺜﻟا ﺐﻳوﺬﺗ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻢﻜﻨﻜ
ﻊﻣ ةدّرﻮﳌا (A) تﺎﺷ ّ
ﻜﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ .(B) ﺰﺒﺨﻟا ﺔﺼﻤﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺷ ﻞﺧاد ةﺪّﻤﺠﳌا ﺰﺒﺨﻟا ﺢﺋاﴍ ﻞﺧدأ (1
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
.(ﻒﻴﻔﺧ) "Light " ﺔﻴﻌﺿﻮﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺘﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻂﺒﻀﻟ (I) ﺔﻀﺒﻘﻟا ّ
ﻒﻟ (2
.ﻒّﻗﻮﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ (C) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا عارذ ﻂﺒﻫأ (3
.ﺞﻠﺜﻟا ﺐﻳوﺬﺗ ةﺪﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻃ ءﴤﻣ ّرﺰﻟا ﻰﻘﺒﻳ .ﺞﻠﺜﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﻞﻴﻌﻔﺘﻟ ( ) ﺞﻠﺜﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا (4
ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 1-2 ةﺪﳌ قﻮﻘﺸﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺖﺳﻮﺘﻟا كﺮﺗاو ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺘﻟا ةﺪﻣ ﻞّﻠﻗ ،ﻚﻤﺳأ ﺰﺒﺧ ﺢﺋاﴍ لﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧﻻا
ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو
.ﺔﺼّﻤﺤﳌا ﺰﺒﺨﻟا ﺢﺋاﴍ ﺨﺴﺗ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻢﻜﻨﻜ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ ةدّرﻮﳌا (A) تﺎﺷ ّ
ﻜﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ .(B) ﺰﺒﺨﻟا ﺔﺼﻤﺤﻣ قﻮﻘﺷ ﻞﺧاد ﺰﺒﺨﻟا ﺞﺋاﴍ ﻞﺧدأ (1
.ﻒّﻗﻮﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ (C) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا عارذ ﻂﺒﻫأ (2
.ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ةﺪﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻃ ّﻊﺸﻣ ّرﺰﻟا ﻰﻘﺒﻳ .ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﻞﻴﻌﻔﺘﻟ ( ) ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا (3
.ﺎﻫﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻜ ﻻو ﺔﺘﺑﺎﺛ ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ةﺪﻣ
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AR
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا
.ﺔﻤﻈﺘﻨﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةءﺎﻔﻛ ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ ﱃإ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
ﻦﻋ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓ ﺪﻌﺑو ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ،ﺎﻘﺣﻻ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا
قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.مﺎﺗ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ درﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ وأ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ يﺄﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ يدﺆﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ تﺎﺒﻳﺬﻣ وأ ﺔّﻳﻮﻗ تﺎﻔّﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ءﺎﳌا ﻞﺧاد ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺒّﺑﺪﻣو ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﻣ تاودأ ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
.(E) ﺰﺒﺨﻟا تﺎﺘﻓ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ قوﺪﻨﺻ ﻒّﻈﻧو غّﺮﻓ ،لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﻛ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ تاﺮﻄﻘﺑو ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻬﺒﻃﺮﺗ نأ ﺪﻌﺑ ،ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏو ﺔﺒﻃر شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ
.يﻮﻗ ﻏ ﻒّﻈﻨﻣ
.ﺪﻴﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒّﻔﺟ
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UA
ǽǾǼȄdzǷǽǼǿǥǯǻǶǸ
ɉɨɩɪɢɬɟɳɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɢɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɿɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɞɨɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɯɞɿɸɱɢɯɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯɫɬɚɧ-
ɞɚɪɬɿɜɬɚɦɚɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɭɜɫɿɯɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɢɯɦɿɫɰɹɯɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɭɜɚɠɧɨɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢ
ɡɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɧɟɳɚɫɧɢɯ
ɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜɬɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɁɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɰɟɣɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɞɥɹɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿɣɭɦɚɣ-
ɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭɁɚɧɚɦɿɪɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢɰɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɧɲɨɦɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɭɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɫɭɩɪɨɜɨ-
ɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ǽǾǶǵǻǮȅdzǻǻȍ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɡɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɹɩɿɞɿɝɪɿɜɭ ɬɚ ɩɿɞɫɦɚɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɤɢɛɨɤɯɥɿɛɚ ɚ
ɬɚɤɨɠɿɧɲɢɯɫɭɯɢɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜɩɨɞɿɛɧɨʀɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɿʀɍɪɚɡɿɛɭɞɶ ɹɤɨɝɨɿɧɲɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɬɨɛɬɨɧɟɡɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɧɟɫɟɠɨɞɧɨʀɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿɡɚɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿ
ɰɢɦɡɛɢɬɤɢɇɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɫɤɚɫɨɜɭɽɝɚɪɚɧɬɿɸɭɜɫɿɯʀʀɩɪɨɹɜɚɯ
ǵǮǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǻȍǵǯdzǵǽdzǸǶ
ɎȽȻɁɈɉ ɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɄɍɀ ȲɈɌɍɋɎɅɑȲȳ Ɋɀɋɀȿ ɊɉɒȻɍɅɉɇ ȽɃɅɉɋɃɌɍȻɈɈɚ.
ɐɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɬɿɥɶɤɢɿɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɞɥɹɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɿ
ɬɨɦɭɽɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɥɹɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɢɯɚɛɨɤɨɦɟɪɰɿɣɧɢɯɰɿɥɟɣ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɹɤɳɨɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɱɢɜɢɥɤɚ
ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɿɚɛɨɹɤɳɨɫɚɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɢɣɍɫɿɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɿɪɨɛɨɬɢɜɤɥɸ-
ɱɚɸɱɢ ɡɚɦɿɧɭ ɤɚɛɟɥɸ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɦ
ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦɚɛɨɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɦɢɬɟɯɧɿɤɚɦɢɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɭȯɋʋɜɿɞɳɨɞɨɦɚɬɟ-
ɪɿɚɥɿɜɹɤɿɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɸɬɶɡɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ɐɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɭɦɨɜɚɯɬɚɜɭɦɨ-
ɜɚɯɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɯɞɨɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɚɫɚɦɟ
ɧɚɤɭɯɧɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɿɜɨɮɿɫɿɜɬɚɭɿɧɲɢɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ
ɭɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɥɿɽɧɬɚɦɢ ɝɨɬɟɥɿɜ ɦɨɬɟɥɿɜ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ ɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ
ɭɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯɬɢɩɭ©EHGDQGEUHDNIDVWª
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȒșȭȒȳȠȓȗ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɶɞɿɬɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɪɨɤɿɜɨɫɨɛɢɡɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢɦɢ
ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɢɦɢɚɛɨɪɨɡɭɦɨɜɢɦɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢɨɫɨɛɢɹɤɿɧɟɦɚ-
ɸɬɶɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɝɨɞɨɫɜɿɞɭɱɢɡɧɚɧɶɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɥɢɲɟ
ɹɤɳɨɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɚɛɨɧɚɜɱɟɧɿɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɶɩɪɢ-
ɫɬɪɨɽɦɿɭɫɜɿɞɨɦɥɸɸɬɶɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɭɜɿɞɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ⱦɿɬɹɦɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɝɪɚɬɢɫɹɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɿɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɛɨɤɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢ-
ɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɶɦɢɹɤɿɦɨɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜɬɚɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɬɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨ-
ɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜ
48
UA
ȿɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɩɨɪɭɱɡɞɿɬɶɦɢɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɽ
ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨʀɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȐȭȕȎțȎȕȓșȓȘȠȞȖȘȜȬ
Ȼɭɞɶɹɤɿɦɨɞɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɜɢɪɨɛɭɳɨɹɜɧɨ ɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɟɧɿɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦɦɨɠɭɬɶ
ɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɜɬɪɚɬɢɣɨɝɨɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɫɬɿɿɝɚɪɚɧɬɿɣɣɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɤɨɪɢɫ-
ɬɭɜɚɱɟɦ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɨɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶɳɨɜɤɚ-
ɡɚɧɚɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɧɚɩɪɭɡɿɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɡɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ
ɇɚɜɿɬɶɤɨɥɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɬɢɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɡɛɢɪɚɬɢɚɛɨɪɨɡɛɢɪɚɬɢɣɨɝɨɞɟɬɚɥɿɿɩɪɢɫɬɭ-
ɩɚɬɢɞɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
Ɋɟɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɢɫɭɲɿɬɶɪɭɤɢɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɩɨɱɢɧɚɬɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɚɛɨɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɢɤɚɱɿɜɧɚɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɬɚɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹɜɢɥɤɢɿɡ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɬɹɝɚɬɢɜɢɥɤɭɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɬɪɢɦɚɸɱɢʀʀɡɚɤɚɛɟɥɶ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɛɥɢɡɭɜɿɞɝɨɫɬɪɢɯɤɪɚʀɜɚɛɨɱɚɫɬɢɧ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȐȭȕȎțȎȕȑȎȞȭȥȖȚȖȥȎȟȠȖțȎȚȖ
ɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɹɧɚɝɪɿɜɭɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɿɞɪɨɬɢɳɢɩɰɿɜɞɭɠɟɝɚɪɹɱɿɛɟɪɿɬɶɳɢɩɰɿ
ɬɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ
ɇɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɪɭɤɢɚɛɨɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɣɬɢɩɦɟɬɚɥɭɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɠɿɚɛɨɚɥɸɦɿ-
ɧɿɽɜɭɮɨɥɶɝɭɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɬɨɫɬɟɪɚ
ɍȼȺȽȺɇȿȻȿɁɉȿɄȺɈɉȱɄȱȼɧɟɞɨɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɞɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɯɤɪɨɦɨɤɬɨɫɬɟɪɚ
ɩɿɞɱɚɫɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɦɨɠɭɬɶɛɭɬɢɞɭɠɟɝɚɪɹɱɢɦɢ
ɍɜɚɝɚȽɚɪɹɱɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȖȣȕȏȖȠȘȳȐ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɥɤɭɚɛɨɲɧɭɪɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɭɜɨɞɭɱɢ
ɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢɑɢɫɬɿɬɶʀɯɜɨɥɨɝɨɸɬɤɚɧɢɧɨɸ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɫɬɚɜɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɞɚɛɨɩɨɛɥɢɡɭɞɠɟɪɟɥɬɟɩɥɚ
ɏɥɿɛɦɨɠɟɡɚɝɨɪɿɬɢɫɶɬɨɦɭɬɨɫɬɟɪɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɿɞɚɛɨ
ɩɨɪɭɱɡɥɟɝɤɨɡɚɣɦɢɫɬɢɦɢɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɚɦɢɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɲɬɨɪɚɦɢ
ɇɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɛɿɥɶɲɟɞɜɨɯɫɤɢɛɨɤɯɥɿɛɚɜɤɨɠɧɢɣɨɬɜɿɪ
ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɹɤɳɨ ɰɟɣ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɭɬɢɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ
ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɪɿɡɚɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧ-
ɧɹɄɪɿɦɬɨɝɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɩɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹɡɭɫɿɦɚɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɳɨɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢɤɨ-
ɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɥɹɿɝɨɪ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɜɢɪɨɛɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨʀɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɢ
ȯɋɫɥɿɞɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɣɚɪɤɭɲɳɨɞɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɞɨɜɢɪɨɛɭ
ǵǯdzǾǥDZǮǷȀdzȄȌǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥȌ
49
UA
ǼǽǶǿǽǾǶǹǮDzȁ
$ ɓɢɩɰɿ
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& ȼɚɠɿɥɶɭɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
' Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
( ɉɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɡɛɨɪɭɤɪɢɯɬ
) Ʉɧɨɩɤɚ6WRSɡɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ
* Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɮɭɧɤɰɿʀɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɡɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ
+ Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɮɭɧɤɰɿʀɪɨɡɦɨɪɨɠɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ
, Ɋɭɱɤɚɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɪɿɜɧɹɩɿɞɫɦɚɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ
- Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɢɣɤɚɧɚɥ
ǽǼǽdzǾdzDzǴdzǻǻȍǽǾǶdzǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǥǦ
Ɉɠ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɤɭɠ ɢɛɨɛɟɭɩ ɭɩɨɥʀ ɛɜɩ ɦɛɧɛɨʀ ɬɥɣɜɥɣ ɰɦʀɜɛ.
Ɉɠ ɥɦɛɟʀɭɷ ɢɛɨɛɟɭɩ ɞɫɩɧʀɢɟɥʀ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɣ.
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɩɨɬɟɤɬɢɩɿɞɱɚɫɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɈɤɪɿɦɬɪɭɞɧɨɳɿɜ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɡɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɹɦɨɠɭɬɶɛɭɬɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɸɩɨɠɟɠɿɑɢɫɬɿɬɶɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɡɛɨɪɭɤɪɢɯɬɜɿɞ
ɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɯɡɚɥɢɲɤɿɜʀɠɿɚɛɨɤɪɢɯɬɩɟɪɟɞɤɨɠɧɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎǾȖȕȖȘȐȞȎȔȓțțȭȓșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȖȚȟȠȞȡȚȜȚ
ɇɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɢɚɛɨɿɧɲɿɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɢɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɐɹɞɿɹɦɨɠɟɛɭɬɢɧɟ-
ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɸɞɥɹɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɿɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɢɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɭɭɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦ
ɫɬɪɭɦɨɦ
ǽdzǾȆdzǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ɉɪɢɩɟɪɲɨɦɭɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɿɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɩɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɦɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɞɟɤɿɥɶ-
ɤɨɯɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɨɤɢɡɚɩɚɯ´ɧɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ´ɧɟɡɧɢɤɧɟɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɟɪɲɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɦɨɠɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɥɟɝɤɢɣɞɢɦ
ȍǸǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮȀǶȀǼǿȀǶ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɢɫɤɢɛɤɢɯɥɿɛɚɜɨɬɜɨɪɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɚ%Ɇɨɠɥɢɜɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɳɢɩɱɢɤɿɜ$ɳɨɞɨɞɚ-
ɸɬɶɫɹ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɢɪɭɱɤɭ,ɳɨɛɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɛɚɠɚɧɢɣɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɿɞɫɦɚɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɉɩɭɫɬɿɬɶɜɚɠɿɥɶɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ&ɞɨɣɨɝɨɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɑɟɪɟɡɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɿɞɫɦɚɠɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɶɫɹɿɜɚɠɿɥɶɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɩɿɞɧɿ-
ɦɟɬɶɫɹɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɧɨɝɨɪɿɜɧɹɩɿɞɫɦɚɠɭɜɚɧɧɹɋɤɢɛɤɢɯɥɿɛɚɚɛɨɳɢɩɰɿɜɢɲɬɨɜɯɭɸɬɶɫɹ
ɜɝɨɪɭ
əɤɳɨɬɨɫɬɧɟɞɨɫɹɝɛɚɠɚɧɨɝɨɪɿɜɧɹɡɨɥɨɬɨʀɫɤɨɪɢɧɤɢɫɥɿɞɨɛɪɚɬɢɜɢɳɢɣɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɿɞɫɦɚɠɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹəɤɳɨɫɤɨɪɢɧɤɚɬɨɫɬɭɜɢɹɜɢɥɚɫɹɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɬɟɦɧɨɸɫɥɿɞɨɛɪɚɬɢɧɢɠɱɢɣɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɿɞɫɦɚ-
ɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭVWRS ɳɨɛɭɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɡɚɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɬɢɩɿɞɫɦɚɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȜȝȳȘȳȐ
Ɋɢɡɢɤɨɩɿɤɿɜɉɿɞɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢɨɬɜɨɪɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɫɢɥɶɧɨɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɸɬɶɫɹɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹ
50
UA
ȼɢɬɹɝɧɭɬɢɲɧɭɪɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȼɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɣɡɚɥɢɲɨɤɡɩɿɞɞɨɧɭ
ɞɥɹɤɪɢɯɬ(
ɉɿɫɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɦɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɢɣɛɚɪɚɛɚɧ-ɳɨɛɨɛɟɪ-
ɧɭɬɢɲɧɭɪɧɚɜɤɨɥɨɧɢɠɧɶɨʀɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ
ȂȁǻǸȄǥȍǾǼǵǺǼǾǼǴȁǰǮǻǻȍ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɞɥɹɪɨɡɦɨɪɨɠɭɜɚɧɧɹɿɩɿɞɫɦɚɠɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɢɯɫɤɢɛɨɤ
ɯɥɿɛɚ
ɉɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɢɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɿɫɤɢɛɤɢɯɥɿɛɚɜɨɬɜɨɪɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɚ%Ɇɨɠɥɢɜɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɳɢɩɱɢɤɿɜ
$ɳɨɞɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭ,ɳɨɛɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɿɞɫɦɚɠɭɜɚɧɧɹɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ/LJKW
Ɉɩɭɫɬɿɬɶɜɚɠɿɥɶɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ&ɞɨɣɨɝɨɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɮɭɧɤɰɿʀɪɨɡɦɨɪɨɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɳɨɛɚɤɬɢɜɭɜɚɬɢɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɪɨɡɦɨɪɨɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɫɜɿɱɟɧɨɸɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɭɫɶɨɝɨɱɚɫɭɪɨɡɦɨɪɨɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɍɪɚɡɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɛɿɥɶɲɬɨɜɫɬɢɯɫɤɢɛɨɤɯɥɿɛɚɫɥɿɞɡɦɟɧɲɢɬɢɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɿɞɫɦɚɠɭɜɚɧɧɹɿɡɚɥɢ-
ɲɢɬɢɬɨɫɬɭɡɚɬɢɫɤɚɱɚɯɧɚɯɜɢɥɢɧɢɩɿɫɥɹɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɹɩɿɞɫɦɚɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ȂȁǻǸȄǥȍǻǮDZǾǥǰǮǻǻȍ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɞɥɹɩɿɞɿɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɜɠɟɩɿɞɫɦɚɠɟɧɢɯɫɤɢɛɨɤɯɥɿɛɚ
ɉɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɢɫɤɢɛɤɢɯɥɿɛɚɜɨɬɜɨɪɢɬɨɫɬɟɪɚ%Ɇɨɠɥɢɜɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɳɢɩɱɢɤɿɜ$ɳɨɞɨɞɚ-
ɸɬɶɫɹ
Ɉɩɭɫɬɿɬɶɜɚɠɿɥɶɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ&ɞɨɣɨɝɨɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɮɭɧɤɰɿʀɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹ ɳɨɛɚɤɬɢɜɭɜɚɬɢɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɄɧɨɩɤɚɡɚɥɢ-
ɲɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɫɜɿɱɟɧɨɸɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɭɫɶɨɝɨɱɚɫɭɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹ
ɑɚɫɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɮɿɤɫɨɜɚɧɢɣɿɧɟɦɨɠɟɛɭɬɢɡɦɿɧɟɧɢɣ
ȅǶǿȀǸǮǥȀdzȃǻǥȅǻdzǼǯǿǹȁDZǼǰȁǰǮǻǻȍ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɢɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɿɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɚɰɟɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɿɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɸɬɶ
ɣɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɢ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎǾȖȕȖȘȐȞȎȔȓțțȭȓșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȖȚȟȠȞȡȚȜȚ
ȼɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɳɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɿɧɢɠɱɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɢɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɬɚ
ɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɨɸɜɢɥɤɨɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȜȝȳȘȳȐ
ȼɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɬɚɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨɹɤɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ
ɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɜ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȖȣȕȏȖȠȘȳȐ
ɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɞɧɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɭɜɨɞɭɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɚɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɿɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢɚɛɨɪɨɡɱɢɧ-
ɧɢɤɢɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɩɨɲɤɨɞɢɬɢɩɥɚɫɬɢɤ
ɇɿɤɨɥɢɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɦɟɬɚɥɟɜɿɬɚɝɨɫɬɪɿɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢɞɥɹɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɹɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨʀɱɚ-
ɫɬɢɧɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɉɿɫɥɹɤɨɠɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɿɞɞɨɧɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɫɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɬɢɿɩɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɜɿɞɤɪɢɯɬ(
Ɇɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɡɥɟɝɤɚɜɨɥɨɝɨʀɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨʀɬɤɚɧɢɧɢɜɨɞɢɿɤɿɥɶɤɨɯɤɪɚ-
ɩɟɥɶɧɟɚɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɦɢɸɱɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭ
ȼɢɬɢɪɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɪɭɱɧɭ
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