Ariete 1340 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for 1340 by Ariete which is a product in the Coffee Makers category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
COD.
4065103300
REV. 1 del 15/09/2017
MOD. 1340
827070
Macchina da caffè
Coffee maker
Machine a cafè
Kaffeemaschine
Cafetera
Máquina de café
Espressomachine
ȁįĴıijțıȢį
Ʌɩɯɠɝɛɫɥɛ
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De’ Longhi Appliances Srl
Divisione Commerciale Ariete
Via San Quirico, 300
50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI)
E-Mail: info@ariete.net
Internet: www.ariete.net
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11
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WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL
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IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.
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PDWHULDOVLQFRQWDFWZLWKIRRG
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13
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• SA VE THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE
14
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DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLIANCE
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
Starting the appliance
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34
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35
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A PROPÓSITO DE ESTE MANUAL
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ADVERTENCIAS IMPORTANTES PARA
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36
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a los materiales en contacto con alimentos.
Peligro para los niños
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37
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38
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44
PT
2DSDUHOKRHVWiFRQIRUPHFRPRUHJXODPHQWR(&1RGH
sobre materiais em contacto com alimentos.
Perigo para as crianças
(VWHDSDUHOKRSRGHVHUXVDGRSRUFULDQoDVFRPLGDGHVXSHULRUDDQRVHSRU
SHVVRDVFRPFDSDFLGDGHVItVLFDVVHQVRULDLVRXPHQWDLVOLPLWDGDVRXSRXFDH[-
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Perigo devido à electricidade
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GHVOLJXHVHPSUHD¿FKDGDWRPDGD
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1mRVXVSHQGHURDSDUHOKRVHJXUDQGRRSHODEDQGHMDGHUHFROKDGHJRWDVPDV
45
PT
VHJXUDQGRRSHORFRUSR
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PHQWHDFHVVtYH
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2DSDUHOKRGHYHVHUXWLOL]DGRHGHL[DGRHPUHSRXVRVREUHXPDVXSHUItFLHHVWiYHO
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7RGDVDVUHSDUDo}HVLQFOXtGDDVXEVWLWXLomRGRFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRGHYHPVHU
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TXDQGRRDSDUHOKRHVWLYHUIXQFLRQDQGRSRLVSRGHPFDXVDUTXHLPDGXUDV
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¿OWUR1HVWHFDVRUHPRYHUHGHVSUHQGHUOHQWDPHQWHRSRUWD¿OWURSRLVFDVRKRX-
YHUSUHVVmRUHVtGXDHVWDSRGHULDSURYRFDUERUULIRV(PVHJXLGDOLPSDUFRPR
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Atenção - danos materiais
&RORFDURDSDUHOKRVREUHXPSODQRHVWiYHORQGHQmRSRVVDVHUWRPEDGR
1mRXVDURDSDUHOKRVHPiJXDSRLVQHVWHFDVRDERPEDRFRUUHULDDTXHLPDGDERPED
1mRHQFKHUDFDOGHLUDFRPiJXDTXHQWHRXIHUYHQWH
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GHFKDPDVOLYUHVSDUDHYLWDUTXHDFDUURoDULDSRVVDVRIUHUGDQRV
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46
PT
DESCRIÇÃO DO APARELHO
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INSTRUÇÕES DE USO
Accionamento
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aparelho.
(PVHJXLGDSRVLFLRQDURDSDUHOKRVREUHXPDVXSHUItFLHSODQD/DYDURVFRPSRQHQWHVFRPRGHVFULWRQR
SDUiJUDIR©/LPSH]DGRDSDUHOKRª(QFKHUDMDUUD(FRPiJXDQDWXUDOIUHVFD)LJ'HVDSHUWDUDWDPSDGD
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47
PT
Atenção!
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,QVHULUR¿OWURFDIpHPSy-QRSRUWD¿OWUR,)LJ'RVDURFDIpQR¿OWURHFDOFDUOLJHLUDPHQWHFRPRFDOFDGRUHVSH-
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Atenção!
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VDtGDGRFDIpGRSRUWD¿OWUR)LJ5RGDURPDQtSXORGRVFRPDQGRVDWpDIXQomRFDIp )LJ$OX]SLORWR
GHIXQFLRQDPHQWRVHDFHQGHUi3RXFRVPLQXWRVVmRRWHPSRQHFHVViULRSDUDYHUWHUWRGRRFDIpQDMDUUD$JXDUGH
DWpTXDQGRWRGDDiJXDFRQWLGDQDFDOGHLUDWLYHULGRSDUDDMDUUD5RGDURPDQtSXORGRVFRPDQGRVDWpDIXQomR
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Atenção!
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Atenção!
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RPDQtSXORGRVFRPDQGRVDWpDIXQomRGHDOtYLRGDSUHVVmR 2DSDUHOKRLUiHOLPLQDUDSUHVVmR
UHVtGXDSUHVHQWHQDFDOGHLUDDWUDYpVGRERFDOGRYDSRU
Atenção!
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SDUDDGLUHLWD
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SRUWD¿OWURSDUDEDL[RHEDWHORUHSHWLGDPHQWHSDUDTXHRVUHVtGXRVGHFDIpFDLDP
Atenção!
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PLQXWRVDSyVWHUOLEHUDGRRYDSRU
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este fenómeno totalmente normal.
48
PT
CONSELHOS PARA PREPARAR UM BOM CAFÉ
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Atenção!
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Atenção!
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Atenção!
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49
PT
/LPSH]DGRDORMDPHQWRGRSRUWDÀOWUR
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Atenção!
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Limpeza do plano e da bandeja de recolha de gotas
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Limpeza do corpo do aparelho
Atenção!
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51
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52
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53
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54
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İʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢȤȫȡȠȣȢ
ıIJĮĮȖȡȠțIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȖȚĮȤȡȒıȘĮʌȩIJȠȣȢʌİȜȐIJİȢıİȟİȞȠįȠȤİȓĮʌĮȞıȚȩȞțĮȚȐȜȜȠȣȢȤȫȡȠȣȢįȚĮȝȠȞȒȢ
ȈIJĮIJȠȣȡȚıIJȚțȐțĮIJĮȜȪȝĮIJĮIJȪʌȠȣįȚĮȞȣțIJȑȡİȣıȘȝİʌȡȦȧȞȩEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
ǻİȞĮȞĮȜĮȝȕȐȞȠȣȝİțĮȝȓĮİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȜĮȞșĮıȝȑȞȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȒȖȚĮ
țȐʌȠȚĮȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘʌȠȣįİȞĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮijȣȜȐııİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢIJȠȣİȡȖȠıIJĮıȓȠȣįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣ
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ȩIJȚįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚįȦȡİȐȞIJİȤȞȚțȒȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȖȚĮIJȚȢȗȘȝȚȑȢʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘ-
țĮȞĮʌȩĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒĮʌȩȑȞĮ
İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒıȣȝȝȠȡijȫȞİIJĮȚȝİIJȘȞȠįȘȖȓĮǼȀȊʌĮȡIJȘȢ
ʌİȡȓȣȜȚțȫȞıİİʌĮijȒȝİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓDŽNJǂǕǂǍNJNjǒƽǑǂNJDžNJƽ
ǹʌĮȖȠȡİȪİIJĮȚȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦĮʌȩİIJȫȞțĮȚȐIJȠȝĮ
ȝİİȚįȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȒĮʌȩȐIJȠȝĮʌȠȣįİȞȑȤȠȣȞIJȘȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘʌİȓȡĮİțIJȩȢ
țĮȚĮȞİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȣʌİȪșȣȞȠʌȠȣȑȤİȚįȚĮȕȐıİȚțĮȚțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚIJȚȢ
ȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮȡȝȠįȚȩIJȘIJĮ
IJȠȣȤȡȒıIJȘįİȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌȠȞIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞİʌȓȕȜİȥȘ
İȞȩȢİȞȒȜȚțĮ
ȂȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİıIJĮʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȖțĮIJĮȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘįȚȐșİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚ-
įȚȫȞįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJİȪıİIJİțȩȕȠȞIJĮȢ
IJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣȞĮIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȖȚĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐ
ʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȂȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİıİʌĮȚįȚȐȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮĮʌȩȤȡȠȞȫȞȞĮʌȜȘıȚȐȗȠȣȞIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
țĮȚIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȞĮțȡȑȝİIJĮȚıİȝȚĮșȑıȘʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮIJȠʌȚȐıİȚȑȞĮ
ȝȚțȡȩʌĮȚįȓ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪȕȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘʌȠȣ
ĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮIJİȤȞȚțȫȞȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȫȞIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓ
ıIJȘȞIJȐıȘIJȠȣįȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢ
ǾȤȡȒıȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȫȞȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗȦȞȝȘİȟȠȣįȚȠIJȘȝȑȞȦȞĮʌȩIJȠİȡȖȠıIJȐıȚȠȝʌȠ-
ȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚȗȘȝȚȑȢȒĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪĮȡȤȓıİIJİIJȠȖȑȝȚıȝĮIJȘȢțĮȡȐijĮȢıȕȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢ
ĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮIJȠȣȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢ
ǹȞʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚȗȘȝȚȐIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJĮșİȓıİ
ȑȞĮİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠțȑȞIJȡȠIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒıİțȐșİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘ
ĮʌȩȑȞĮȞĮįİȚȠȪȤȠȘȜİțIJȡȠȜȩȖȠȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠțȜİȚıșİȓȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ȂȘȞȕȡȑȤİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓ
ȞĮȖȓȞİȚȕȡĮȤȣțȪțȜȦȝĮ
ȅȤİȚȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȖȓȞİIJĮȚȝİİȟȦIJİȡȚțȩȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȒ
ȝİIJȘȜİȤİȚȡȚıIJȒȡȚȠ
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİʌȑȝȕĮıȘțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪ
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EL
ȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLJLjǍNJƽǓǂǑǝDžNJƽǗǐǒdžǓƽnjnjdžǓǂNJǕǀdžǓ
ȂȘȞĮȞĮıȘțȫȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȚȐȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȘȞĮʌȩIJȠıțĮijȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩ-
ȞȦȞȆȚȐıIJİIJȘȞĮʌȩIJȠıȫȝĮ
ǼʌȚȜȑȟIJİȑȞĮȤȫȡȠȝİİʌĮȡțȒijȦIJȚıȝȩțĮȚĮİȡȚıȝȩțĮȚȝİȝȚĮʌȡȓȗĮİȪțȠȜĮ
ʌȡȠıʌİȜȐıȚȝȘ
ǹʌȠijȪȖİIJİȞĮȕȐȜİIJİıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȩIJĮȞĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİıIJİĮʌȩIJȠȤȫȡȠʌȠȣ
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ
ȆȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțĮȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ǻİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȑʌİıİțȐIJȦĮȞȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞİȝijĮ-
ȞİȓȢȗȘȝȚȑȢȒȞĮʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚįȚĮȡȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ĮȞ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚ țȐʌȠȚĮ ĮȞȦȝĮȜȓĮ Ȓ ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ ȗȘȝȚȐ Ȓ ijșȠȡȐ ıIJȠ ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩ
țĮȜȫįȚȠȒIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣǵȜİȢȠȚİʌȚıțİȣȑȢțĮȚȘĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪ
țĮȜȦįȓȠȣ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ İțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚ ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐ Įʌȩ İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮ țȑȞIJȡĮ
IJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒĮʌȩIJİȤȞȚțȠȪȢIJȘȢ$ULHWHȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚ
ȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ƲǒǐdžNJDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjDŽNJǂdžDŽNjǂǞǍǂǕǂ
ȂȘȞțĮIJİȣșȪȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩȒIJȠȞĮIJȝȩʌȐȞȦıĮȢȆȚȐıIJİIJȠıȦȜȘȞȐțȚ
ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐĮʌȩIJȠȜĮıIJȚȤȑȞȚȠȝȑȡȠȢIJȠȣțȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ
ǵIJĮȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȘȝȘȤĮȞȒȝȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJĮİȟȦIJİȡȚțȐȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐIJȝȒȝĮIJȐIJȘȢțĮȚIJȘȞ
ȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȐșİIJİȑȖțĮȣȝĮ
ȂȘȞĮȞȠȓȖİIJİIJȠʌȫȝĮIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮȩIJĮȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ǹȞįİȞİțȡȑİȚȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȑȤİȚijȡȐȟİȚIJȠijȓȜ-
IJȡȠȈIJȘȞʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘĮȣIJȒĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘ
IJȣȤȩȞȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮȒİțIJȩȟİȣıȘ
ȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘȞıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢIJȘȢıȤİIJȚțȒȢʌĮȡĮȖȡȐijȠȣ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮıIJĮșİȡȩȩʌȠȣįİȞȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮȞĮʌȠįȠȖȣȡȓıİȚ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩȖȚĮIJȓșĮțĮİȓȘĮȞIJȜȓĮ
ȂȘȖİȝȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȝİȗİıIJȩȒțĮȣIJȩȞİȡȩ
ȂȘȞIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİʌȠȜȪȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȒțȠȞIJȐıİȖȣȝȞȑȢ
ijȜȩȖİȢȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİȗȘȝȚȑȢıIJȠıțİȜİIJȩIJȘȢ
ȉȠțĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐİȚIJĮȗİıIJȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮİȡȚȠȪȤȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚįȚȠȟİȓįȚȠIJȠȣȐȞșȡĮțĮ
ȂȘȞȕȐȗİIJİıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠțĮȝȓĮȐȜȜȘȠȣıȓĮİțIJȩȢĮʌȩțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮ
ȖȓȞİȚıȠȕĮȡȒȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞIJȠȢȤĮȝȘȜȩIJİȡȘĮʌȩÛ&
ȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȖȫıİȚIJȠȞİȡȩıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮțĮȚȞĮİʌĮțȠȜȠȣșȒıİȚȗȘȝȚȐ
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ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȣʌĮȓșȡȚȠȤȫȡȠ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıIJȠȣȢĮIJȝȠıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢȕȡȠ-
ȤȒȒȜȚȠțȜʌ
īȚĮIJȘıȦıIJȒĮʌȩıȣȡıȘIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȘȞǼȣȡȦʌĮȧțȒȅįȘȖȓĮ
(8ʌĮȡĮțĮȜİȓıIJİȞĮįȚĮȕȐıİIJİIJȠıȣȞȘȝȝȑȞȠıIJȠʌȡȠȧȩȞİȚįȚțȩ
ijȣȜȜȐįȚȠ
ƷƶƭƣưƵƧƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƣƶƵƧƴ
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
$ȀȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪ *ȈțĮijȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ
- ʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑ +ȈȤȐȡĮȖȚĮIJĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
- ıȣıțİȣȒıİʌĮȪıȘ , ȊʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
- İțIJȩȞȦıȘʌȓİıȘȢ - ĭȓȜIJȡȠțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘ
- ʌĮȡȠȤȒĮIJȝȠȪ .ȈIJȩȝȚȠʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ
%ǼȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ / ȀȠȣȝʌȓȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚ212))
&ȈȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ 0ȁĮıIJȚȤȑȞȚĮȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ
'ȀĮʌȐțȚțĮȡȐijĮȢ 1ȀĮȜȫįȚȠȘȜİțIJȡȠįȩIJȘıȘȢijȚȢ
E - ȀĮȡȐijĮ 2ȆȫȝĮIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮ
)ȂİȗȠȪȡĮʌȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚțĮijȑ
ƴǕǐNJǘdžǀǂǂǎǂDŽǎǟǒNJǔLjǓ
ȈIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮʌȠȣȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘȑįȡĮıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚIJĮʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıIJȠȚ-
ȤİȓĮĮȞĮȖȞȫȡȚıȘȢ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢțĮȚıȒȝĮȞıȘ&(ǼȅȀ
ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠȂȠG
ĮȡıİȚȡȐȢ61
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘȢ9țĮȚıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ+]
țĮIJĮȞĮȜȚıțȩȝİȞȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȚıȤȪȢ:
ʌȡȐıȚȞȠIJȘȜȑijȦȞȠįȦȡİȐȞțȜȒıȘIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘ
ǵIJĮȞĮʌİȣșȪȞİıIJİıIJĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȞĮĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠȝȠȞIJȑȜȠțĮȚIJȠȞ
ĮȡȚșȝȩıİȚȡȐȢIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢ
ƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƥƫƣƵƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ƪƾǔLjǔdžnjdžNJǕǐǖǒDŽǀǂ
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣșijȑIJș ijȡȤ șȝıȜijȢțȜȡȫ İțȜijȫȡȤįȟijțIJijȡțȥıȔ Ȟıijșȟ ijȑIJșʍȡȤ įȟįȗȢȑĴıijįțIJijșȟ
ʍțȟįȜȔİįijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣ
ȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİȝȚĮİʌȓʌİįȘİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮȆȜȪȞIJİIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚ-
ȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ©ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢªīİȝȓıIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮ(ȝİijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢ
ǼȚțȄİȕȚįȫıIJİIJȠʌȫȝĮIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮ2ʌȡȠȢIJȠıȪȝȕȠȜȠ©ĮȞȠȚțIJȩª ǹįİȚȐıIJİȝȑıĮıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮIJȠ
ȞİȡȩʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚȘțĮȡȐijĮǼȚțǺȚįȫıIJİIJȠʌȫȝĮʌȡȠȢIJȠıȪȝȕȠȜȠ©țȜİȚıIJȩª ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢ1ıİ
ȝȚĮȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘʌȡȓȗĮțĮȚʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ/
ƲǒǟǕǐƽǎǂǍǍǂ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮIJȘȢȕȐıȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪ
$ıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮțĮijȑ ǼȚțĬĮĮȞȐȥİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ%ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİIJȘȞİțȡȠȒ
IJȠȣȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚțīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮʌĮȪıȘ ȖȚĮ
63
EL
ȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞİțȡȠȒIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮʌȠIJȒȡȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȞțȐȞȠȣȜĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ.ǼȚț
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮĮIJȝȩȢ ǼȚțȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮȕȖİȚĮIJȝȩȢīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠ
țȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮʌĮȪıȘ ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘȞįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİȟĮȞIJȜȘșİȓȩȜȠIJȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣ
ȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮǾıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȘȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİȚțĮijȑ
ƲƺƴƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƬƣƷƧ
ȈȕȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮİțIJȩȞȦıȘȢIJȘȢʌȓİıȘȢ ǼȚțǺȖȐȜIJİ
IJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹȞȐȜȠȖĮȝİIJȠʌȜȒșȠȢIJȦȞijȜȚIJȗĮȞȚȫȞʌȠȣșȑȜİIJİȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİȖİȝȓıIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮȝİ
įȡȠıİȡȩȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢİȜȐȤȚıIJȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮȝȑȖȚıIJȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮǼȚțǹįİȚȐıIJİıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮIJȠȞİȡȩ
ʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚȘțĮȡȐijĮǺȚįȫıIJİIJȠʌȫȝĮIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞȣʌİȡȕĮȓȞİIJİIJȘıIJȐșȝȘʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚıȘȝİȚȦȝȑȞȘıIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮȂȘȞȤȪıİIJİȞİȡȩȑȟȦĮʌȩIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ȆİȡȐıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠIJȠȣțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘ-ıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣ,ǼȚțǺȐȜIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
țĮȚʌȚȑıIJİIJȠȞİȜĮijȡȐȝİIJȠİȚįȚțȩʌȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚ)ȂȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞįȪȠıȘȝȐįȚĮʌȠȣįİȓȤȞȠȣȞ
IJȘȞįȩıȘIJȠȣțĮijȑȖȚĮįȪȠȒIJȑııİȡĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮǼȚț
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȞİȚįȚțȒȑįȡĮȝİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒıIJȡĮȝȝȑȞȘʌȡȠȢIJĮįİȟȚȐǼȚț
ȉȤIJĴȔȠijıȜįȝȑijșȟȤʍȡİȡȥȓĴȔȝijȢȡȤʍıȢțIJijȢȒĴȡȟijȑȣijșȟįʍȪİıȠțȑʍȢȡȣijįįȢțIJijıȢȑǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijı
ʍȧȣȒȥıijıʍȢȡIJįȢȞȪIJıțIJȧIJijȑijșȟȤʍȡİȡȥȓijȡȤĴȔȝijȢȡȤIJijșȟȜįȢȑĴį
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǹȞȑȤİIJİȕȐȜİȚȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑȝȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțĮIJĮıIJİȓįȣıȤİȡȒȢȘʌİȡȚıIJȡȠ-
ijȒIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣȒțĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒIJȠȣțĮijȑȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȡȠȣıȚĮıIJȠȪȞįȚĮȡȡȠȑȢĮʌȩ
IJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮıIJȘıȤȐȡĮȖȚĮIJĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ+ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȘȢțĮȡȐijĮȢ'İȓȞĮȚ
İȣșȣȖȡĮȝȝȚıȝȑȞȠȝİIJȠȡȐȝijȠȢİȟȩįȠȣIJȠȣțĮijȑıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚțīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪıIJȘ
ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮțĮijȑ ǼȚțǹȞȐȕİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢȋȡİȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐȖȚĮȞĮȖİȝȓıİȚȝİ
țĮijȑȘțĮȡȐijĮȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİȟĮȞIJȜȘșİȓȩȜȠIJȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚȘțĮȡȐijĮīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪ
ıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮʌĮȪıȘ ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮțĮȚıİȡȕȓȡİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑıIJĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǵʌȦȢțĮȚıIJȚȢİʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȑȢȝȘȤĮȞȑȢțĮijȑįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮijĮȚȡİȓIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȩıȠ
ȖȓȞİIJĮȚʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȆȡȚȞĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȟĮȞIJȜȒıİIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠȜİȚʌȩȝİȞȘʌȓİıȘıIJȠȜȑȕȘ-
IJĮīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮİțIJȩȞȦıȘȢIJȘȢʌȓİıȘȢ ǾıȣıțİȣȒșĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪ-
ȞİȚIJȘȞȣʌȩȜȠȚʌȘʌȓİıȘʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȝȑıȦIJȘȢțȐȞȠȣȜĮȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
īȚĮȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮȞİȡȠȪȒțĮijȑĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌİȡȚıIJȡȑijȠȞIJȐȢ
IJȘȞĮʌȩĮȡȚıIJİȡȐʌȡȠȢIJĮįİȟȚȐ
īȚĮȞĮİȟĮȜİȓȥİIJİIJĮțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮțĮijȑĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣĮȞĮıȘțȫıIJİIJȘȞĮıijȐȜİȚĮIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ǼȚțǹȞĮʌȠįȠȖȣȡȓıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚțIJȣʌȒıIJİIJȘȞĮȡțİIJȑȢijȠȡȑȢȖȚĮȞĮʌȑıȠȣȞȩȜĮIJĮ
țĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮțĮijȑ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓıȣȞȑȤİȚĮǹȞșȑȜİIJİȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİțĮȚȐȜȜȠțĮijȑʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİIJȡȓĮ
ȜİʌIJȐĮʌȩIJȘȞİțIJȩȞȦıȘIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ
ƲƺƴƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƬƣƲƱƶƵƴƫƯƱ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮİțIJȩȞȦıȘȢIJȘȢʌȓİıȘȢ ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȄİȕȚ-
įȫıIJİIJȠʌȫȝĮIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮīİȝȓıIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮȝİȞİȡȩIJȘȢȕȡȪıȘȢȝȑȤȡȚIJȘıIJȐșȝȘʌȠȣįİȓȤȞİȚIJȠıȪȝȕȠȜȠ
64
EL
IJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪ ǹįİȚȐıIJİıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮIJȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚȘțĮȡȐijĮǺȚįȫıIJİIJȠʌȫȝĮIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮȉȠʌȠ-
șİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮʌȠIJȒȡȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȞțȐȞȠȣȜĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ.ǼȚțīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪıIJȘ
ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮĮIJȝȩȢ ǼȚțıIJȘȞĮȡȤȒșĮIJȡȑȟİȚȜȓȖȠȞİȡȩțĮȚșĮĮțȠȜȠȣșȒıİȚȝȚĮįȣȞĮIJȒİțIJȩȟİȣıȘ
ĮIJȝȠȪȘȑȞIJĮıȘIJȠȣȠʌȠȓȠȣșĮĮȣȟȘșİȓıİȜȓȖĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ
ʌĮȪıȘ ȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȠȤȒĮIJȝȠȪȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȞțȐȞȠȣȜĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪIJȠ
įȠȤİȓȠȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢʌȠȣșȑȜİIJİȞĮțIJȣʌȒıİIJİǺȣșȓıIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȘȞțȐȞȠȣȜĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪıIJȠȝʌȡȓțȚIJȠȣȖȐ-
ȜĮțIJȠȢǼȚțīȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮĮIJȝȩȢ ǼȚțȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİIJȘȞİțȡȠȒIJȠȣ
ĮIJȝȠȪțĮȚĮȞĮįİȪıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİIJȠȖȐȜĮȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİIJȠİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȩĮʌȠIJȑȜİıȝĮ
ȃıijȑįʍȪȜȑȚıȥȢȓIJșįĴȓIJijıȟįȖȗıțįijȞȪȣȗțįȝȔȗįİıȤijıȢȪȝıʍijįȬIJijıȟįȜįȚįȢȔIJıțșȡʍȓįʍȪ
ijȤȥȪȟȜįijȑȝȡțʍįȗȑȝįȜijȡȣȜįțȜįȚįȢȔIJijıijșȟȜȑȟȡȤȝįʍįȢȡȥȓȣȞıȒȟįȤȗȢȪʍįȟȔȗțįȟįįʍȡĴȫȗıijı
ijșIJȤIJIJȬȢıȤIJșȜįijįȝȡȔʍȧȟ
ǵIJĮȞȠȜȠțȜȘȡȫıİIJİIJȘȞʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮIJȠȣțĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠȣȖȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮİțIJȩȞȦ-
ıȘȢIJȘȢʌȓİıȘȢ
ǺȟȜįijȑijșĴȑIJșįȟįȞȡȟȓȣijȡȤįijȞȡȫʍįȢȡȤIJțįIJijȡȫȟȞțȜȢȒȣİțįȢȢȡȒȣįijȞȡȫįʍȪijșĴȝȑȟijȘįijșȣ
ȤʍȡİȡȥȓȣijȡȤĴȔȝijȢȡȤʍȢȪȜıțijįțȗțįȒȟįĴȤIJțȡȝȡȗțȜȪĴįțȟȪȞıȟȡ
ƸƳƩƴƫƮƧƴƴƶƮƤƱƶƭƧƴƥƫƣƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƬƣƭƱƬƣƷƧ
ȅĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢțĮijȑȢȝȑıĮıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌȚȑȗİIJĮȚİȜĮijȡȐȅțĮijȑȢșĮİȓȞĮȚʌȚȠįȣȞĮIJȩȢȒ
ʌȚȠİȜĮijȡȪȢĮȞȐȜȠȖĮȝİIJȠȕĮșȝȩȐȜİıȘȢIJȠȣțĮijȑțĮȚIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJȐIJȠȣıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȁȓȖĮ
įİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮİȓȞĮȚĮȡțİIJȐȖȚĮȞĮȖİȝȓıİȚIJȠijȜȚIJȗĮȞȐțȚȝİțĮijȑǹȞȘʌĮȡȠȤȒȖȓȞİIJĮȚʌȚȠĮȡȖȐıȘȝĮȓȞİȚʌȦȢ
İȓȞĮȚİȟĮȚȡİIJȚțȐȥȚȜȠțȠȝȝȑȞȠȢȒıȣȝʌȚİıȝȑȞȠȢȠțĮijȑȢ
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǵȜİȢȠȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȠȣʌİȡȚȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȝİıȕȘıIJȒıȣ-
ıțİȣȒțĮȚȑȤȠȞIJĮȢȕȐȜİȚIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǾIJĮțIJȚțȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘțĮȚțĮșĮȡȚȩIJȘIJĮįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒıİțĮȜȒțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȖȚĮȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠȤȡȠ-
ȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮȝİȚȫȞȠȞIJĮȢıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȐIJȠȞțȓȞįȣȞȠıȤȘȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪĮȜȐIJȦȞıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞʌȜȑȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌİȣșİȓĮȢ
İțIJȩȟİȣıȘȞİȡȠȪ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǵȜİȢȠȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚțȡȪĮȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǗǀnjǕǒǐǖǂnjdžǔǍƾǎǐǖNjǂǗƾ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȠȚȠʌȑȢįİȞİȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢțĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȚȢȝİȑȞĮȕȠȣȡIJıȐțȚĮȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚǼȚț
īȚĮȞĮįȚĮȜȣșȠȪȞȒȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȣȞșȠȪȞIJĮIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮțĮijȑțĮȚȠȚĮțĮșĮȡıȓİȢĮijȒıIJİȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚțĮȣIJȩ
ȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȑȤȠȞIJĮȢIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİȚIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȤȦȡȓȢțĮijȑțĮȚĮijȠȪȕȐȜİIJİțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJĮ
ȡȐȝijȘȑȞĮʌȠIJȒȡȚ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȘȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒʌȓİıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚ
ʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠțȐșİȝȒȞİȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȝȚĮIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮĮʌȜȠȪĮʌȠȡ-
ȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪȖȚĮʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚĮʌȚȐIJȦȞȤȦȡȓȢȖȣĮȜȚıIJȚțȩȒȐȜȜĮȤȘȝȚțȐʌȡȩıșİIJĮĮțȠȜȠȣșȫȞIJĮȢIJȘȞİȟȒȢįȚĮ-
įȚțĮıȓĮ
ǺȐȜIJİıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠȤȦȡȓȢțĮijȑȝȚĮIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪȖȚĮʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚĮʌȚȐIJȦȞ
ȈIJİȡİȫıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȘȢȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȑȞĮįȠȤİȓȠțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣ
65
EL
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮȝİijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮīȣȡȓıIJİıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮİțIJȩȞȦıȘȢIJȘȢʌȓİıȘȢ ǹȞȠȓȟIJİIJȠʌȫȝĮ
IJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮțĮijȑ ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİIJȘȞİțȡȠȒIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪĮʌȩIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
IJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚțȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮİțȡİȪıİȚȩȜȠIJȠʌİȡȚİȤȩȝİȞȠIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮʌĮȪıȘ ȖȚĮȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞİțȡȠȒIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪǹijȒıIJİ
IJȘȞIJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪȞĮİȞİȡȖȒıİȚȖȚĮIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞȜİʌIJȐĮijȒȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȘıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘȞįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮİțȡȠȒȢȞİȡȠȪĮijȒȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȘȞĮȞIJȜȓĮȞĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȒıİȚȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮİțȡİȪıİȚ
ȩȜȠIJȠʌİȡȚİȤȩȝİȞȠIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȠʌȜȪıȚȝȠȝİțĮȡȐijİȢijȜȚIJȗĮȞȚȫȞ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠțĮȚȟİʌȜȪȞİIJȑIJȠțĮȜȐ
țȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȡȪıȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪ
īȣȡȓıIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮİțIJȩȞȦıȘȢIJȘȢʌȓİıȘȢ ǹʌȠıȣȞįȑıIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚ-
țȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮțĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚIJȘȞȑįȡĮıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİIJİIJĮIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪ
ȄĮȞĮȞȐȥIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȟĮȞĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚĮijȒıIJİȞĮİțȡİȪıȠȣȞIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞ
țĮȡȐijİȢȞİȡȠȪȖȚĮȞĮȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓIJȠȟȑȕȖĮȜȝĮ
ǹȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ țĮșȘȝİȡȚȞȐ IJȘıȣıțİȣȒıȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚ Ș İțIJȑȜİıȘIJȦȞ İȡȖĮıȚȫȞ țĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțȐșİIJȡİȚȢ
ȝȒȞİȢ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓƾDžǒǂǓǖǑǐDžǐǘƿǓǗǀnjǕǒǐǖ
ȂİIJȘȤȡȒıȘȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮıȣııȦȡİȣIJȠȪȞțĮIJĮțȐșȚĮțĮijȑıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠʌȠșȑIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
IJĮȠʌȠȓĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİȝİȝȚĮȠįȠȞIJȠȖȜȣijȓįĮǼȚțȝİȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚȒĮijȒȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȠȞİȡȩ
ȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓNjƽǎǐǖnjǂǓǑǂǒǐǘƿǓǂǕǍǐǞ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǼțIJİȜȑıIJİIJȘȞİȡȖĮıȓĮĮȣIJȒȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚțȡȪȠIJȠȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȩıȦȜȘȞȐțȚȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJĮİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ȄİȕȚįȫıIJİIJȘȞțȐȞȠȣȜĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪ.ĮʌȩIJȘȜĮıIJȚȤȑȞȚĮȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ0ǼȚțțĮȚʌȜȪȞIJİIJȠȝİIJȡİ-
ȤȠȪȝİȠȞİȡȩIJȘȞțȐȞȠȣȜĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțĮșĮȡȚıIJİȓİʌȓıȘȢȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓȄĮȞĮȕȚįȫıIJİ
IJȘȞțȐȞȠȣȜĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢĮIJȝȠȪȝȑȤȡȚIJȠIJȑȡȝĮIJȘȢįȚĮįȡȠȝȒȢIJȠȣǹȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİȝȚĮȕİȜȩȞĮIJȘȞ
ȠʌȒİȟȩįȠȣIJȠȣĮIJȝȠȪȂİIJȐĮʌȩțȐșİȤȡȒıȘĮijȒıIJİȞĮȕȖİȚĮIJȝȩȢȖȚĮȜȓȖĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮȫıIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓ-
ıİȚȘȠʌȒĮʌȩIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮ
ƲǟǓǎǂNjǂljǂǒǀǔdžǕdžǕLjǔǘƽǒǂNjǂNJǕǐǔNjǂǗƽNjNJǔǖnjnjǐDŽƿǓǔǕǂDŽǝǎǚǎ
ȊʌİȞșȣȝȓȗȠȣȝİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJİțȐșİIJȩıȠIJȠȜİțĮȞȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞ*ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖȐȡȚ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘıȤȐȡĮ+țĮȚʌȜȪȞIJİIJȘȞțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȡȪıȘ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǐǖǔǟǍǂǕǐǓǕLjǓǔǖǔNjdžǖƿǓ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮıIJĮșİȡȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮĮʌĮȜȩȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓȖȚĮȞĮȝȘȞțȐȞİIJİ
ȗȘȝȚȐıIJȠʌȜĮȓıȚȠ
ƣƸƳƩƴƵƧƶƴƩƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ȆȡȑʌİȚȞĮįȚĮțȩȥİIJİIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıIJȘȞʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣIJȘȞșȑıİIJİİțIJȩȢȜİȚ-
IJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȠıțĮijȐțȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢıIJĮȖȩȞȦȞțĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠʌĮȡĮʌȑȝʌȠȣȝİıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ
©ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢªȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘįȚȐȜȣıȘȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȟİȤȦȡȓıİIJİIJĮįȚȐijȠȡĮȣȜȚțȐIJȘȢıȣıțİȣ-
ȒȢțĮȚȞĮIJĮįȚĮșȑıİIJİĮȞȐȜȠȖĮȝİIJȘıȪȞșİıȒIJȠȣȢțĮȚıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢțİȓȝİȞİȢįȚĮIJȐȟİȚȢIJȘȢȋȫȡĮȢıĮȢ
66
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ƲƺƴƯƣƣƲƱƬƣƵƣƴƵƩƴƧƵƧƵƫƴƲƣƳƣƬƣƵƺƣƯƺƮƣƭƫƧƴ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȚțȫȞĮȞȦȝĮȜȚȫȞıȕȒıIJİĮȝȑıȦȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȇȢȡȖȝȓȞįijį ǺțijȔıȣ ǼțȡȢȚȧijțȜȒȣıʍıȞȖȑIJıțȣ
ǿIJȤIJȜıȤȓİıȟ
ʍįȢȒȥıțįijȞȪ ȉȠȞİȡȩİȓȞĮȚȜȓȖȠțĮȚȘĮȞIJȜȓĮ
įİȞIJȡĮȕȐİȚ īȣȡȓıIJİ ıIJȘȞ İțIJȩȞȦıȘ ʌȓİıȘȢ ıȕȒıIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮȝȑȤȡȚIJȠıȘȝȐįȚĮIJȝȠȪȄİȕȚįȫıIJİ
IJȠʌȫȝĮIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȠȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ĭȡĮȖȝȑȞȘ ȠʌȒ İȟȩįȠȣ ĮIJȝȠȪ
ıIJȘȞțȐȞȠȣȜĮ ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİȝȚĮȕİȜȩȞĮIJĮIJȣȤȩȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮʌȠȣijȡȐ-
ȗȠȣȞIJȘȞȠʌȒIJȘȢțȐȞȠȣȜĮȢ
ǽȜȢȡȓȜįĴȒ
įʍȪijįȑȜȢį
ijșȣȤʍȡİȡȥȓȣ
ĴȔȝijȢȡȤ
ȆȚșĮȞȩȞ ȞĮ ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ ȣʌİȡ-
ȕȠȜȚțȒ ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ țĮijȑ ʌȠȣ
İȝʌȠįȓȗİȚ IJȘ ıȦıIJȒ ıȪıijȚȟȘ
IJȘȢ ȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢ ijȓȜIJȡȠȣ ıIJȘ
șȑıȘIJȘȢ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘİȞįİȤȩ-
ȝİȞȘ ȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒ ʌȓİıȘ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ ʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚ ʌȚ-
IJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİ ȝİ ȑȞĮ ıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚIJȘȞȑįȡĮ
ıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢ ǼȚț ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİ IJȘȞ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
ȕȐȗȠȞIJĮȢıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣIJȘıȦıIJȒʌȠıȩ-
IJȘIJĮțĮijȑ
ȀĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮ ĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣ țĮijȑ
ıIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮIJȘȢȑįȡĮȢİijĮȡ-
ȝȠȖȒȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢIJȠȣijȓȜ-
IJȡȠȣ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİ IJȘ ijȜȐȞIJȗĮ ȝİ ȝȚĮ ȠįȠȞIJȠȖȜȣijȓįĮ Ȓ ȑȞĮ
ıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚǼȚț
ĭȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢ ȠʌȑȢ İȟȩįȠȣ ıIJȠ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȝİIJȠȞĮȜİıȝȑȞȠțĮijȑ ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘİȞįİȤȩ-
ȝİȞȘ ȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒ ʌȓİıȘ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ ʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚ ʌȚ-
IJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮȕȠȣȡIJıȐțȚȒȝȚĮȕİȜȩȞĮ
IJȚȢijȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢȠʌȑȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢ ȝȚĮ IJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮ ĮʌȜȠȪ ĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚ-
țȠȪ ȖȚĮ ʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚĮ ʌȚȐIJȦȞ ȤȦȡȓȢ ȖȣĮȜȚıIJȚțȩ Ȓ ȐȜȜĮ
ȤȘȝȚțȐʌȡȩıșİIJĮ
ǼıȟȖȗįȔȟıț
ȜįĴȒȣȓȖȗįȔȟıț
ʍȡȝȫįȢȗȑ
ĭȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢ ȠʌȑȢ ıIJȘȞ ȑįȡĮ
ıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢIJȘȢȣʌȠįȠȤȒȢ ĬȑıIJİ ıİ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ȤȦȡȓȢ IJȘȞ ȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
IJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣțĮȚĮijȒıIJİȞĮIJȡȑȟİȚIJȠȞİȡȩǹȞIJȠȞİȡȩ
įİȞİțȡȑİȚȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮĮʌȩȩȜİȢIJȚȢȠʌȑȢİțIJİȜȑıIJİIJȘ
įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢIJȦȞĮȜȐIJȦȞ
ĭȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢ ȠʌȑȢ İȟȩįȠȣ ıIJȠ
ijȓȜIJȡȠȝİIJȠȞĮȜİıȝȑȞȠțĮijȑ ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮȡȖȐIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒijȓȜIJȡȠȣȖȚĮIJȓȘİȞįİȤȩ-
ȝİȞȘ ȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝĮIJȚțȒ ʌȓİıȘ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ ʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚ ʌȚ-
IJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮȕȠȣȡIJıȐțȚȒȝȚĮȕİȜȩȞĮ
IJȚȢijȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢȠʌȑȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢ ȝȚĮ IJĮȝʌȜȑIJĮ ĮʌȜȠȪ ĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚ-
țȠȪ ȖȚĮ ʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚĮ ʌȚȐIJȦȞ ȤȦȡȓȢ ȖȣĮȜȚıIJȚțȩ Ȓ ȐȜȜĮ
ȤȘȝȚțȐʌȡȩıșİIJĮ
ȆȠȜȪȜİʌIJȩȤĮȡȝȐȞȚĮȜİıȝȑ-
ȞȠȣțĮijȑ ǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȤĮȡȝȐȞȚĮțĮijȑȤȠȞIJȡȩ-
IJİȡȠȣȢțȩțțȠȣȢ
ȆȠȜȪʌȚİıȝȑȞȠȤĮȡȝȐȞȚțĮijȑ ȆȚȑıIJİȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠIJȠȞțĮijȑȝİIJȠʌȚİıIJȘȡȐțȚ
ȆȜįĴȒȣ
ıȔȟįțʍȡȝȫ
ȜȢȫȡȣȓʍȡȝȫ
´ȟıȢȡȤȝȪȣµ
ȋȠȞIJȡĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢțĮijȑȢ īȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİʌȣțȞȩIJİȡȠțĮȚʌȚȠȗİıIJȩțĮijȑʌȡȑʌİȚ
ȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȑȞĮʌȚȠȥȚȜȠțȠȝȝȑȞȠȤĮȡȝȐȞȚ
ĬțįijȔijȢȒȥıț
ȟıȢȪįʍȪ
ijșȟȜȑȟȡȤȝį
ıȜȢȡȓȣijșȟ
ȬȢįʍȡȤijȡ
įİıțȑȘȧIJijȡ
ȝȒȖșijį
ȉȠȞİȡȩIJȡȑȤİȚĮʌȩIJȘȞțȐȞȠȣ-
ȜĮʌĮȡȠȤȒȢȩIJĮȞȑȤİIJİȣʌİȡ-
ȕİȓIJȠȝȑȖȚıIJȠȩȡȚȠ
ȂȘȞĮįİȚȐȗİIJİıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠȞİȡȩĮʌȩIJȠȝȑ-
ȖȚıIJȠʌİȡȚİȤȩȝİȞȠIJȘȢțĮȡȐijĮȢʌȠȣıȘȝİȚȫȞİIJĮȚȝİIJȠ
ıȪȝȕȠȜȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
67
RU
ǿǼDzdzǾǴǮǻǶdzDzǮǻǻǼǷǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶǶ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ
ɡɚɳɢɬɨɣɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢ ɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɜɦ ɢ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟȿɫɥɢɜɵɪɟɲɢɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɪɭɤɢɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɟ-
ɪɟɞɚɬɶɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɷɬɭɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢɨɛɨɡɧɚ-
ɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦ
ɍɝɪɨɡɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɚɹɢɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
Ɇɟɪɵɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ǻǮǵǻǮȅdzǻǶdzȁǿȀǾǼǷǿȀǰǮ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟɢɤɚɩɭɱɱɢɧɨɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɞɨɦɚɲ-
ɧɟɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɟɞɨɥɠɟɧɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹɜɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɥɢɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯɰɟɥɹɯɗɤɫɩɥɭɚ-
ɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɥɸɛɵɦɞɪɭɝɢɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɧɟɧɟɫɟɬɨɬɜɟɬ-
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɜɥɟɱɟɬɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɨɬɦɟɧɭɥɸɛɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
ǼǿȀǮȀǼȅǻȉdzǾǶǿǸǶ
ȼɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɧɟɜɯɨɞɹɬ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɡɚɳɢɬɵɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɨɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɵɦɜɵɯɨɞɨɦɫɬɪɭɢ
ɩɚɪɚɢɥɢɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ±ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɚɪɚɢɥɢɜɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɹɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɧɟɪɟ-
ɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɬɪɭɸɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɫɟɛɹɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɥɸɞɟɣɌɪɭɛɤɭɦɨɠɧɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɡɚɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸɱɚɫɬɶ
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɺɦɤɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵɢɡɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɩɪɨ-
ɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ǽǾǮǰǶǹǮȀdzȃǻǶǸǶǯdzǵǼǽǮǿǻǼǿȀǶ
ɊɀɋɀȿɊɀɋȽɖɇɃɌɊɉɆɗɂɉȽȻɈɃɀɇɊɋɃȼɉɋȻɈɀɉȼɐɉȿɃɇɉȽɈɃɇȻ-
ɍɀɆɗɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɍɗɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɎəɃɈɌɍɋɎɅɑɃə
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ɗɬɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɢɥɢ
ɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɫɧɢɦɢɤɚɤɬɨ
ɜɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɜɨɮɢɫɨɜɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɨɬ-
ɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ
ɧɚɮɟɪɦɚɯ
ɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɦɨɬɟɥɟɣɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣɠɢɥɨɝɨ
68
RU
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɜɦɟɫɬɚɯɬɢɩɚɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɜɰɟɥɹɯɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɦɪɭɤɨ-
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɬɤɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɟɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɣɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɩɪɢɟɝɨɨɬɫɵɥɤɟɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪ-
ɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (& ʋ ɨɬ
ɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɫɩɢɳɟɜɵɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȒșȭȒȓȠȓȗ
Ɋɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɟɬɶɦɢɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬɢɥɢɰɚ-
ɦɢɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɦɢɢɥɢɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɩɨɫɨɛ-
ɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɛɟɡɨɩɵɬɚɢɥɢɭɦɟɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɨɦɢɥɢɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟ-
ɧɢɣɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɨɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɯɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɹɯ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚɢɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɵɞɟɬɹɦɧɟɦɥɚɞ-
ɲɟɥɟɬɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɢɝɪɞɟɬɟɣɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɫɪɨɤɚɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɹɯɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɬɢ-
ɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɫɞɟɥɚɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɩɪɢ-
ɝɨɞɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶ-
ɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɝɪɭɲɤɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɲɧɭɪɞɨɥɠɟɧɜɫɟɝɞɚɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɧɟɡɨɧɵɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹ
ɞɟɬɟɣɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɦɟɫɬɟ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɞɨɫɬɨ-
ɜɟɪɢɬɶɫɹɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɜɧɢɡɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɨ-
ɨɬɜɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸɦɟɫɬɧɨɣɫɟɬɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɟɣɧɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɜɥɟɱɶɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɢɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɨɬɫɨɟɞɢ-
ɧɢɬɶɟɝɨɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɲɧɭɪɚɨɧɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɟɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ-
69
RU
ɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɢɥɢɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨ-
ɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɚɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ɂɡɛɟɝɚɣɬɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫɜɨɞɨɣɞɟɬɚɥɟɣɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɞɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦɜɨɡ-
ɦɨɠɧɨɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɨɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɤɫɟɬɢɱɟɪɟɡɜɧɟɲɧɢɣɬɚɣɦɟɪɢɥɢɭɫɬɪɨɣ-
ɫɬɜɚɫɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɧɭɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ȁȑȞȜȕȎȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȡȧȓȞȏȎȐȩȕȐȎțțȎȭȖțȩȚȖ
ȝȞȖȥȖțȎȚȖ
ɉɪɢɩɨɞɴɟɦɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɟɪɠɢɬɟɟɝɨɧɟɡɚɩɨɞɞɨɧɤɚɩɥɟɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚɡɚɤɨɪɩɭɫ
Ⱦɥɹɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɟɝɞɚɜɵɛɢɪɚɣɬɟɯɨ-
ɪɨɲɨɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɟɢɱɢɫɬɨɟɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɨɣɪɚɫɩɨ-
ɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɧɚɥɢɜɚɬɶɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɵ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɟɝɨɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɬɨɨɧɧɟɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣɷɤɫɩɥɭ-
ɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɥɢɭɬɟɱɤɢɜɨɞɵɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬ-
ɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɫɥɢɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɢɥɤɚɢɥɢɫɚɦɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɢɦɟɸɬɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɅɸɛɵɟɜɢɞɵɪɟɦɨɧɬɚɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɡɚɦɟɧɭɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ-
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯȺɪɢɷɬɟɢɥɢ
ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ$ULHWHɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ǺȓȞȩȏȓȕȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȖȝȜȝȞȓȒȜȠȐȞȎȧȓțȖȬȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɫɬɪɭɸɩɚɪɚɢɥɢɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɱɚɫɬɟɣɬɟɥɚɊɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɛɪɚɬɶɫɹɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɡɚɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɭɸɱɚɫɬɶɬɪɭɛ-
ɤɢɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɢɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɤɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɦɦɟ-
ɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɱɚɫɬɹɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɫɚɦɨɝɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɩɨ-
ɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ɇɟɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɟɫɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɜɫɟɬɶ
ȼɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɡɚɤɭ-
ɩɨɪɤɨɣɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɟȼɷɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɧɭɬɶɚɡɚɬɟɦ
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɛɪɵɡɝɉɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɹɫɶɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
70
RU
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪ-
țȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ-
ɝɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɛɟɡɜɨɞɵɢɧɚɱɟɦɨɠɟɬɜɵɣɬɢɢɡɫɬɪɨɹ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɧɚɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɝɨɪɹɱɭɸɢɥɢɤɢɩɹɳɭɸɜɨɞɭ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɢɥɢɩɨɦɟɳɚɬɶɟɝɨ
ɜɛɥɢɡɢɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨɨɝɧɹɜɰɟɥɹɯɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɹɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɱɚɫɬɹɦɢ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɜɨɞɭɫɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨɝɚɡɚ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɡɚɫɵɩɚɬɶɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɥɸɛɵɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɤɪɨɦɟɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨ
ɤɨɮɟɗɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɢ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵɧɢɠɟ&ɩɨ-
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟ ɜɨɞɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɪɡɧɬɭɶ ɢ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ-
ɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
ɞɨɠɞɶɫɨɥɧɰɟɢɬɞ
ȼɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫȿɜɪɨ-
ɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɨɣ (8 ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬɨɤ
ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭ
ȃǾǮǻǶȀȊ ǻǮǿȀǼȍȇdzdz ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼ ǽǼ ȋǸǿ-
ǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdzȁǿȀǾǼǷǿȀǰǮ
$ɉɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ *ɉɨɞɞɨɧɤɚɩɥɟɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ
- ɩɨɞɚɱɚɤɨɮɟ +Ɋɟɲɟɬɤɚɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɤ
- ɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɪɟɠɢɦɟɩɚɭɡɵ , Ⱦɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
- ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ - Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
- ɩɨɞɚɱɚɩɚɪɚ .ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
%ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ / Ʉɧɨɩɤɚ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ
212))ȼɄɅȼɕɄɅ
&Ʉɨɪɩɭɫɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
'Ʉɪɵɲɤɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ 0Ɋɟɡɢɧɨɜɚɹɪɭɱɤɚ
E - Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ 1ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɲɧɭɪɜɢɥɤɚ
)Ɇɟɪɧɵɣɫɬɚɤɚɧɱɢɤɩɟɫɬɢɤɞɥɹɤɨɮɟ 2Ʉɪɵɲɤɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
71
RU
ǶȒȓțȠȖȢȖȘȎȤȖȜțțȩȓȒȎțțȩȓ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɨɣɧɚɧɢɠɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɭɤɚɡɚɧɵɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚȿɋ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ0RG
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣʋ61
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟȼɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ:
ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɚɹɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɚɹɫɥɭɠɛɚɬɟɯɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɉɪɢɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢɡɚɹɜɤɢɜȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶȍǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ǽȜȒȑȜȠȜȐȘȎȘȫȘȟȝșȡȎȠȎȤȖȖ
Ɏɜɠɟɣɭɠɬɷɝɭɩɧɲɭɩɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɠɝɛɳɠɤɟɩɧɛɳɨɠɤɬɠɭɣɬɩɩɭɝɠɭɬɭɝɮɠɭɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɹɮɥɛɢɛɨɨɩɧɮ
ɨɛɭɛɜɦɣɲɥɠɬɭɠɰɨɣɲɠɬɥɣɧɣɟɛɨɨɶɧɣɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɪɨɜɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɉɨɦɨɣɬɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɫɥɟɞɭɹɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɫɹ
ɜɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɜɤɭɜɲɢɧ(ɯɨɥɨɞɧɭɸɜɨɞɭɊɢɫɈɬɜɢɧɬɢɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟ-
ɥɹ2ɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɨ ɉɟɪɟɥɟɣɬɟɜɨɞɭɢɡɤɭɜɲɢɧɚɊɢɫɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɁɚɜɢɧ-
ɬɢɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɡɚɤɪɵɬɨ ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭ1ɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɜɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɩɨɪɹɞɤɟɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦɢɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ/
ǽȓȞȐȜȓȐȘșȬȥȓțȖȓ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞ ɮɥɚɧɰɟɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɏ ɧɚ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɤɨɮɟ Ɋɢɫȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ%ɉɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɩɨɤɚɧɟ
ɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɬɟɤɚɬɶɜɨɞɚɢɡɝɧɟɡɞɚɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɭ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɚɭɡɚ ɞɥɹɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɜɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɹɜɨɞɵɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɫɬɚɤɚɧɩɨɞɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
.Ɋɢɫɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɚɪ Ɋɢɫɉɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɩɚɪɚɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɚɭɡɚ ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɞɨɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɉɪɢɛɨɪɝɨɬɨɜɤɜɚɪɤɟɤɨɮɟ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǹdzǻǶdzǸǼȂdz
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɊɢɫɈɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹȼɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɱɚɲɟɤ
ɤɨɮɟɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɛɵɱɧɨɣɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɱɚɲɤɢɢɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɊɢɫɉɟɪɟ-
ɥɢɬɶɜɨɞɭɢɡɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɁɚɜɢɧɬɢɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣɨɬɦɟɬɤɢɇɟɧɚɥɢɜɚɬɶɜɨɞɭɦɢɦɨɧɚ-
ɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ-ɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ,ɊɢɫɈɬɦɟɪɶɬɟɤɨɮɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɢ
ɫɥɟɝɤɚɭɬɪɚɦɛɭɣɬɟɟɝɨɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɫɬɢɤɚ)ȼɧɭɬɪɢɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɟɫɬɶɨɬɦɟɬɤɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɧɭɠɧɨɧɚɫɵɩɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɞɥɹɞɜɭɯɢɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɱɚɲɟɤɊɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɝɧɟɡɞɨ ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɭɱɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɚ ɜɩɪɚɜɨ
Ɋɢɫ
ɐɩɫɩɳɩɢɛɯɣɥɬɣɫɮɤɭɠɟɠɫɡɛɭɠɦɷɯɣɦɷɭɫɛɪɩɝɩɫɛɲɣɝɛɺɠɞɩɬɪɫɛɝɛɨɛɦɠɝɩɎɜɠɟɣɭɷɬɺɝɭɩɧ
ɲɭɩɟɠɫɡɛɭɠɦɷɯɣɦɷɭɫɛɪɦɩɭɨɩɬɩɠɟɣɨɠɨɬɯɦɛɨɱɠɧ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȿɫɥɢɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɛɵɥɨɧɚɫɵɩɚɧɨɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɷɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɡɚɜɢɧɱɢ-
ɜɚɧɢɹɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɢɥɢɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɟɝɨɜɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɹɢɡɩɨɞ
ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
72
RU
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɤɭɜɲɢɧɧɚɪɟɲɟɬɤɭɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɞɥɹɱɚɲɟɤ+ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɤɪɵɲɤɚɤɭɜɲɢɧɚ'ɫɨɜɦɟ-
ɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɰɟɧɬɪɭɫɧɨɫɢɤɨɦɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬɤɨɮɟɊɢɫɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɤɨɮɟ ɊɢɫɁɚɝɨɪɢɬɫɹɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹȾɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɦɢɧɭɬɱɬɨɛɵɤɨɮɟɧɚɱɚɥɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɶɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɉɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɩɨɤɚɜɫɹɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ-
ɬɟɥɟɜɨɞɚɧɟɧɚɥɶɟɬɫɹɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɚɭɡɚ ɂɡɜɥɟɱɶ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɢɪɚɡɥɢɬɶɤɨɮɟɜɱɚɲɤɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ʉɚɤɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɚɯɜɷɬɨɦɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟɬɚɤɠɟɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɭɛɢɪɚɬɶɞɟɪ-
ɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɫɧɢɦɚɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹɩɨɤɚɧɟɩɨɧɢɡɢɬɫɹɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɭɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬɫɛɪɨɫ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɢɥɢɤɨɮɟɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɦɟɞɥɟɧ-
ɧɨɩɨɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɹɟɝɨɫɥɟɜɚɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ
ɑɬɨɛɵɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɤɨɮɟɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɸɳɭɸɟɝɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸɡɚɳɟɥ-
ɤɭɊɢɫɉɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɩɨɫɬɭɱɚɬɶɢɦɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɪɚɡɞɥɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ
ɤɨɮɟ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨȿɫɥɢɜɵɯɨɬɢɬɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɧɨɜɭɸɩɨɪɰɢɸɤɨɮɟɧɟɨɛ-
ɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɬɪɢɦɢɧɭɬɵɩɨɫɥɟɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɚɪɚ
ǸǮǸǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǶȀȊǸǮǽȁȅȅǶǻǼ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɭɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬ
ɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ Ɉɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɜɤɭɜɲɢɧɯɨɥɨɞɧɭɸɜɨɞɭɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦɩɚɪ ɉɟɪɟɥɢɬɶɜɨɞɭɢɡɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɁɚɜɢɧɬɢɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɧɚ-
ɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɫɬɚɤɚɧɩɨɞɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ.Ɋɢɫɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɚɪ ɊɢɫFɧɚɱɚɥɚɜɵɣɞɟɬɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɵɢɡɚɬɟɦɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɜɵɛɪɨɫɩɚɪɚɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟɬɱɟɪɟɡɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɟɤɭɧɞɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɚɭɡɚ ɱɬɨɛɵɩɪɟɪɜɚɬɶɜɵɯɨɞɩɚɪɚɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɩɨɞɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɫ ɦɨɥɨɤɨɦ ɞɥɹɜɡɛɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɨɝɪɭɡɢɬɟ ɧɚɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɩɚɪɚ ɜ
ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɫɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɊɢɫɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɚɪ Ɋɢɫ
ɉɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɩɨɤɚɧɟɜɵɣɞɟɬɩɚɪɢɡɚɬɟɦɜɫɬɪɹɯɧɭɬɶɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɫɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɞɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɝɨɪɟ-
ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ
Ɋɩɬɦɠɥɛɡɟɩɞɩɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɨɠɩɜɰɩɟɣɧɩɝɶɪɮɬɥɛɭɷɪɛɫɝɭɠɲɠɨɣɠɨɠɬɥɩɦɷɥɣɰɬɠ-
ɥɮɨɟɟɦɺɮɟɛɦɠɨɣɺɩɬɭɛɭɥɩɝɧɩɦɩɥɛɣɩɲɣɴɛɭɷɮɬɭɫɩɤɬɭɝɩɪɩɟɛɲɣɪɛɫɛɪɫɣɪɩɧɩɴɣɝɦɛɡɨɩɤ
ɭɥɛɨɣɝɩɣɢɜɠɡɛɨɣɠɩɜɫɛɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɪɩɟɭɠɥɩɝ
ɉɨɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɩɭɱɱɢɧɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɩɺɝɦɠɨɣɠɨɠɜɩɦɷɳɣɰɝɶɜɫɩɬɩɝɪɛɫɛɣɢɯɦɛɨɱɛɟɠɫɡɛɭɠɦɺɯɣɦɷɭɫɛɨɛɸɭɛɪɠɩɡɣɟɛɨɣɺɪɩɟɛ-
ɲɣɪɛɫɛɺɝɦɺɠɭɬɺɬɩɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɩɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɶɧɺɝɦɠɨɣɠɧ
73
RU
ǻdzǿǸǼǹȊǸǼǿǼǰdzȀǼǰǻǮȀdzǺȁǸǮǸǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǶȀȊȃǼǾǼȆǶǷ
ǸǼȂdz
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɥɟɝɤɚɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɶɦɨɥɨɬɵɣɤɨɮɟɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɄɪɟɩɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɡɚ-
ɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɩɨɦɨɥɚɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɫɦɟɫɢɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɬɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɨɧɫɩɪɟɫɫɨ-
ɜɚɧɄɨɮɟɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɜɱɚɲɤɢɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɱɟɪɟɡɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɟɤɭɧɞȿɫɥɢɜɪɟɦɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɤɨɮɟɛɨɥɶɲɟ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɬɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɨɷɬɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɱɬɨɩɨɦɨɥɤɨɮɟɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɟɥɤɢɣɢɥɢɠɟɤɨɮɟɛɵɥɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɫɢɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧ
ȅǶǿȀǸǮǸǼȂdzǰǮǾǸǶ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɫɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɨɱɢɫɬɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɧɢɠɟɞɨɥɠɧɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɩɨɥɧɨ-
ɫɬɶɸɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɢɫɜɵɬɚɳɟɧɧɨɣɜɢɥɤɨɣɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɋɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɜɫɟɯɩɪɚɜɢɥɩɨɭɯɨɞɭɢɱɢɫɬɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɛɭɞɟɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɫɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ
ɪɢɫɤɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɤɢɩɢ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹɦɵɬɶɟɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟɇɟɥɶɡɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɹɦɵɟ
ɫɬɪɭɢɜɨɞɵ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ʌɸɛɵɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɞɨɥɠɧɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɟɝɨɨɫɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ǼȥȖȧȓțȖȓȢȖșȪȠȞȎȜȠȜȟȠȎȠȘȜȐȚȜșȜȠȜȑȜȘȜȢȓ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɧɟɡɚɤɭɩɨɪɢɥɢɫɶɢɟɫɥɢɷɬɨɫɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɢɯɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɳɺɬɨɱɤɢɊɢɫɉɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɤɢɩɹɳɭɸ ɜɨɞɭɱɟɪɟɡɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɫɨɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ
ɛɟɡɤɨɮɟɣɧɨɣɫɦɟɫɢɱɬɨɛɵɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɶɢɥɢɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɤɨɮɟɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɡɹɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɧɹɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨ-
ɜɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɪɚɡ ɜɬɪɢ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɦɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ
ɛɟɡɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɥɟɫɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɞɨɛɚɜɨɤɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɵɯɦɚɲɢɧɩɨ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣɫɯɟɦɟ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɨɞɧɭɱɢɫɬɹɳɭɸɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɵɯɦɚɲɢɧɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɛɟɡɤɨɮɟ
Ɂɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɣɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɟɝɨɝɧɟɡɞɟɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɜɤɭɜɲɢɧɱɚɲɤɢɜɨɞɵɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɭɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɉɟɪɟɥɟɣɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟɤɭɜɲɢɧɚɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɭɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɤɨɮɟ ɉɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɩɨɤɚɧɟɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɬɟɤɚɬɶ
ɜɨɞɚɢɡɝɧɟɡɞɚɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɜɵɬɟɱɟɬɜɫɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɦɢɨɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɭɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɚɭɡɚ ɞɥɹɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɜɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɹɜɨɞɵ
Ⱦɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɚɬɶɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɟɩɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦɢɧɭɬ
ɫɥɟɞɹɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɫɹɜɫɜɨɟɦɝɧɟɡɞɟ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɩɨɩɨɞɚɱɟɜɨɞɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɧɚɫɨɫɚɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɜɵɬɟɱɟɬɜɫɟɫɨ-
ɞɟɪɠɦɢɨɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɰɢɤɥɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɟɳɟɞɜɚɤɭɜɲɢɧɚɜɨɞɵɩɨɱɚɲɤɢ
Ɇɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɜɵɬɚɳɢɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɡɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɂɡɜɥɟɱɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɢɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɩɨɥɨɫɧɭɬɶɟɝɨ
ɩɨɞɫɬɪɭɟɣɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɣɜɨɞɵ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɭɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ɉɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɲɧɭɪ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɨɬɫɟɬɢɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɢɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɝɧɟɡɞɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɝɭɛɤɢɞɥɹ
74
RU
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɦɨɸɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ȿɳɟɪɚɡɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɧɚɦɟɫɬɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɢɩɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɟɱɟɪɟɡɧɟɝɨɟɳɟ
ɤɭɜɲɢɧɚɜɨɞɵɞɥɹɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɩɪɨɦɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɩɨɩɪɨɦɵɜɚɧɢɸɪɚɡɜɬɪɢ
ɦɟɫɹɰɚ
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȑțȓȕȒȎȒȓȞȔȎȠȓșȭȢȖșȪȠȞȎ
ȼɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɤɨɥɶɰɟɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹɡɚɫɨɯɲɢɟɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ
ɤɨɮɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɝɭɛɤɢɊɢɫɢɥɢɩɪɨɦɵɬɶɤɨɥɶɰɨɩɨɞ
ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɧɹɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȡȟȠȞȜȗȟȠȐȎȝȜȒȎȥȖȝȎȞȎ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜɞɚɧɧɭɸɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɩɪɢɨɯɥɚɠ-
ɞɟɧɧɨɣɯɪɨɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɬɪɭɛɤɟ
Ɉɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ.ɨɬɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɨɣɪɭɱɤɢ0Ɋɢɫɢɩɪɨɦɨɣɬɟɟɝɨɩɨɞɩɪɨ-
ɬɨɱɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɦɨɠɧɨɬɚɤɠɟɩɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɦɹɝɤɨɣɬɤɚɧɢɁɚɜɢɧɬɢɬɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚɞɨɭɩɨɪɚȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɢɬɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɭɸɱɢɫɬɤɭɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ
ɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɚɪɚɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɛɭɥɚɜɤɢɉɨɫɥɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ
ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɩɚɪɚɞɥɹɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɨɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɤɨɮɟ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȞȓȦȓȠȘȖȖȝȜȒȒȜțȎȘȎȝșȓȟȏȜȞțȖȘȎ
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɪɟɦɹɨɬɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɨɱɢɳɚɬɶɩɨɞɞɨɧ*ɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɝɭɛɤɢ
ɋɧɹɬɶɪɟɲɟɬɤɭ+ɢɩɪɨɦɵɬɶɩɨɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȘȜȞȝȡȟȎȝȞȖȏȜȞȎ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɧɟɫɴɟɦɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɦɹɝɤɨɣɬɤɚɧɢɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɩɨɜɪɟɠ-
ɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ
ǰȉǰǼDzǶǵȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɬɚɤɠɟɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɟɝɨɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹȼɵ-
ɥɢɬɶɜɨɞɭɢɡɩɨɞɞɨɧɚɢɩɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɟɝɨɫɦɪɚɡɞɟɥɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ´ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɶɞɪɭɝɨɬɞɪɭɝɚɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɨɧɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɱɬɨɛɵɡɚɬɟɦ
ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɢɯɧɚɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɭɸɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɭɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɜɷɬɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚ-
ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ
75
RU
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȁǿȀǾǮǻdzǻǶȌǻdzǸǼȀǼǾȉȃǽǾǼǯǹdzǺ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣɜɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɟɝɨ ɢ ɜɵɧɶɬɟ
ɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
Ɋɫɩɜɦɠɧɶ Ɋɫɣɲɣɨɶ Ɏɬɭɫɛɨɠɨɣɠ
Ɋɫɣɜɩɫɨɠ
ɝɶɫɛɜɛɭɶɝɛɠɭ
ɪɛɫ
ȼɧɟɦɦɚɥɨɜɨɞɵɢɧɚɫɨɫɧɟ
ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ȿɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɤɭɜɲɢɧ ɞɨ
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɩɚɪ Ɉɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ȼɵ-
ɥɟɣɬɟɜɨɞɭɢɡɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
Ɉɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɚɪɚ
ɜ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɢɤɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢ-
ɬɟɥɹɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɨ
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɛɭɥɚɜɤɢɧɚɤɢɩɶɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɦɨɠɟɬ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɢɧɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɢɤɚ
Ƚɶɭɠɥɛɨɣɠ
ɥɩɯɠɢɛɥɫɛɺ
ɟɠɫɡɛɭɠɦɺ
ɯɣɦɷɭɫɛ
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶ-
ɬɪɚɧɚɫɵɩɚɥɢɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟɱɬɨɧɟɩɨɡɜɨ-
ɥɢɥɨ ɩɪɢɠɚɬɶ ɞɨ ɭɩɨɪɚ ɞɟɪ-
ɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɟɝɨɝɧɟɡɞɟ
Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ ɫɧɹɬɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɬɚ-
ɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ
ɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵȿɳɟɪɚɡɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɝɧɟɡɞɨɤɪɟɩɥɟ-
ɧɢɹɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɝɭɛɤɢɊɢɫɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸ
ɧɚɫɵɩɚɜɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɮɟ
.
ɇɚɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɟɜɦɟɫɬɟɩɪɢɫɨ-
ɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹ ɮɢɥɶ-
ɬɪɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ
ɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɢɬɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɭɸɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨ-
ɦɨɳɢɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɥɢɝɭɛɤɢɊɢɫ
ɍ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨ
ɤɨɮɟɡɚɫɨɪɢɥɢɫɶɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ
Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɧɹɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɫɬɚɬɨɱ-
ɧɨɟɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝ
ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ ɡɚɤɭɩɨɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɳɺɬɨɱɤɢɢɥɢɛɭɥɚɜɤɢɈɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɩɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɨɛɵɱɧɵɟɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟɬɚɛɥɟɬ-
ɤɢ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɥɟɫɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɞɨɛɚɜɨɤɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɵɯɦɚɲɢɧ
Ɋɩɟɛɲɛɥɩɯɠ
ɨɠɪɫɩɣɬɰɩɟɣɭ
ɣɦɣ
ɪɫɩɣɬɰɩɟɣɭ
ɬɦɣɳɥɩɧ
ɧɠɟɦɠɨɨɩ
Ɉɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɩɟɪɮɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ-
ɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɤɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ
ɝɧɟɡɞɟɝɞɟɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɞɟɪɠɚ-
ɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɡɚɫɨɪɢɥɢɫɶ
Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɛɟɡ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɹɱɟɪɟɡɧɟɝɨɜɨɞɭȿɫɥɢɜɨɞɚɧɟ
ɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɢɡɜɫɟɯɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ-
ɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɨɬɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɨɝɨɧɚɥɟɬɚ
ɍ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨ
ɤɨɮɟɡɚɫɨɪɢɥɢɫɶɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ
Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɧɹɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɫɬɚɬɨɱ-
ɧɨɟɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɛɪɵɡɝ
ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ ɡɚɤɭɩɨɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɳɺɬɨɱɤɢɢɥɢɛɭɥɚɜɤɢɈɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɩɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɨɛɵɱɧɵɟɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟɬɚɛɥɟɬ-
ɤɢ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɥɟɫɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɞɨɛɚɜɨɤɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɵɯɦɚɲɢɧ
ɉɨɦɨɥ ɤɨɮɟɣɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɟɥɤɢɣ ɉɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɮɟɣɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨɩɨɦɨɥɚ
Ʉɨɮɟɣɧɚɹɫɦɟɫɶɫɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚ-
ɧɚɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɇɟɬɚɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ
Ʌɩɯɠ
ɪɩɦɮɲɣɦɬɺ
ɬɦɣɳɥɩɧ
ɝɩɟɺɨɣɬɭɶɧɣ
ɰɩɦɩɟɨɶɧ
Ʉɨɮɟɣɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨɩɨɦɨɥɚ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɨɪɹ-
ɱɟɝɨ ɤɨɮɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɬɨɧɤɨɝɨɩɨɦɨɥɚ
Ɋɩɲɠɧɮɝɩɟɛ
ɝɶɭɠɥɛɠɭɣɢ
ɮɬɭɫɩɤɬɭɝɛ
ɪɩɟɛɲɣɪɛɫɛ
ɥɩɞɟɛɠɠ
ɨɛɦɣɝɛɹɭɝ
ɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɭɠɦɷ"
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɚ-
ɤɢɫɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ
ɨɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɩɨɞɚɱɢɩɚɪɚ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɱɚɲɤɢ ɧɚ
ɤɭɜɲɢɧɟ
76
RU
Ⱦɚɬɚɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ61ZN\UDEFGHIJ
ɝɞɟZN±ɧɟɞɟɥɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
\U±ɝɨɞɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
DEFGHIJ±ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɈɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɧɢɡɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨ-
ɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɚɜɝɭɫɬɚɝɨɞɚ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜªɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨ-
ɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɞɟɤɚɛɪɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
%aȽɰȼɬɄɥɚɫɫ,±,3;
ɋɞɟɥɚɧɨɜɄɢɬɚɟ
ɂɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɈɈɈ©Ɇɟɞɢɚɬɟɯª
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɢɰɚɋɚɞɨɜɚɹɌɪɢɭɦɮɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɦɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɉɈɆ
,ɄɈɆ
ɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɍɫɚɱɟɜɚɞɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɨɦ,,ɤɨɦ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ'H/RQJKL$SSOLDQFHV6UO©ȾɟɥɨɧɝɢȺɩɩɥɚɟɧɫɢɫɋɊɅªȺɞɪɟɫɂɬɚɥɢɹɎɥɨɪɟɧɰɢɹ
ɄɚɦɩɢȻɢɡɟɧɰɢɨȼɢɚɋɄɭɢɪɢɤɨ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣɢɫɟɪɜɢɫ-
ɧɵɦɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɫɚɣɬɟKWWSZZZDULHWHQHWUXDVVLVWDQFH
Ƚɨɪɹɱɚɹɥɢɧɢɹ$ULHWH
Ɍɨɜɚɪɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟɢɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ-
ɥɟɧɨ
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɦɟɫɬɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɣɫɪɨɤɝɨɞɚɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
77
UA
ǽǾǼȄdzǷǽǼǿǥǯǻǶǸ
ɉɨɩɪɢɬɟɳɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɢɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɿɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɞɨɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɯɞɿɸɱɢɯɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɿɜɬɚ
ɦɚɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɭɜɫɿɯɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɢɯɦɿɫɰɹɯɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɭɜɚɠɧɨɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢɡɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɿɜɢ-
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɧɟɳɚɫɧɢɯɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜɬɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶ
ɁɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɰɟɣɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɞɥɹɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿɣɭɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭɁɚɧɚɦɿɪɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢɰɟɣ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɧɲɨɦɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɭɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɫɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ȱɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɚɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢɹɤɿɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɚɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɨɸ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɢɯɡɿɧɲɢɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
Ɂɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɨɩɿɤɢ
ɍɜɚɝɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɛɢɬɤɢ
ǽǾǶǵǻǮȅdzǻǻȍ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢɿɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɨɐɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɬɿɥɶɤɢɿ
ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɞɥɹɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɿɬɨɦɭɽɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɥɹɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɢɯɚɛɨɤɨɦɟɪɰɿɣɧɢɯɰɿɥɟɣ
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɢɜɛɭɞɶɹɤɟɿɧɲɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɰɶɨɝɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɰɟɡɜɿɥɶɧɹɽɣɨɝɨɜɿɞɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶ-
ɧɨɫɬɿɡɚɡɛɢɬɤɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɇɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɟɜɢ-
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɫɤɚɫɨɜɭɽɝɚɪɚɧɬɿɸɭɜɫɿɯʀʀɩɪɨɹɜɚɯ
ǵǮǹǶȆǸǼǰǥǾǶǵǶǸǶ
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɿɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɪɨɹɤɢɣɣɞɟɬɶɫɹɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɢɬɢ
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɜɿɞɩɪɹɦɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭɩɚɪɢɚɛɨɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɿɩɚɪɢɧɟɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɭɣɬɟɫɬɪɭɦɭɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭɬɪɟɬɿɯɨɫɿɛ
ɚɛɨɧɚɫɟɛɟȻɟɪɿɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɭɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɬɪɭɛɤɢ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɬɿɥɶɤɢɬɿɽɦɧɨɫɬɿɹɤɿɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɿɡɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨɞɥɹɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɯɩɪɨ-
ɞɭɤɬɿɜ
ǵǮǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǻȍǵǯdzǵǽdzǸǶ
ɎȽȻɁɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɄɍɀȲɈɌɍɋɎɅɑȲȳɊɀɋɀȿɊɉɒȻɍɅɉɇȽɃɅɉɋɃɌɍȻɈɈɚ
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ɐɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɭɦɨɜɚɯɬɚɜɭɦɨɜɚɯ
ɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɯɞɨɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɚɫɚɦɟ
ɧɚɤɭɯɧɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɿɜɨɮɿɫɿɜɬɚɭɿɧɲɢɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ
ɭɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɤɥɿɽɧɬɚɦɢɝɨɬɟɥɿɜɦɨɬɟɥɿɜɬɚɿɧɲɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɠɢ-
ɜɚɧɧɹ
ɭɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯɬɢɩɭEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɧɟɫɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɚɛɨɡɚɜɢ-
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɟɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɭɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɿɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɿ
78
UA
ɩɨɫɥɭɝɢɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɩɨɥɨɦɨɤɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɸɭɩɚɤɨɜ-
ɤɨɸɜɢɪɨɛɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɨȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɭ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɭȯɋʋɜɿɞɳɨɞɨɦɚɬɟɪɿ-
ɚɥɿɜɹɤɿɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɸɬɶɡɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȒșȭȒȳȠȓȗ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɪɨɤɿɜɬɚɨɫɨɛɢɡɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢ-
ɦɢɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɢɦɢɚɛɨɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɦɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦ
ɞɨɫɜɿɞɨɦɚɛɨɡɧɚɧɧɹɦɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɚɛɨɩɿɫɥɹɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠɭɳɨɞɨɛɟɡ-
ɩɟɱɧɨɝɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɬɚɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɢɯɡɰɢɦɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɿɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɛɨɤɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ
ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɶɦɢɹɤɿɦɨɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜɬɚɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦ
ɋɥɿɞɤɭɣɬɟɳɨɛɞɿɬɢɧɟɝɪɚɥɢɫɹɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ
ȿɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɩɨɪɭɱɡɞɿɬɶɦɢɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɽ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɢɦɢɞɠɟɪɟɥɚɦɢɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ
ɍɪɚɡɿɹɤɳɨɰɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɬɢɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹɭɹɤɨɫɬɿɜɿɞɯɨɞɿɜɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ
ɣɨɝɨɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɪɿɡɚɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɄɪɿɦɬɨɝɨ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɩɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹɡɭɫɿɦɚɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɳɨɦɨ-
ɠɭɬɶɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɞɥɹɿɝɨɪ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȐȭȕȎțȎȕȓșȓȘȠȞȖȘȜȬ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɬɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨ-
ɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɡɜɢɫɚɬɢɭɦɿɫɰɹɯɞɟɣɨɝɨɦɨɠɟɫɯɨɩɢɬɢɞɢɬɢɧɚ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɨɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶɳɨɧɚ-
ɩɪɭɝɚɳɨɜɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɹɤɚɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ
ɧɚɩɪɭɡɿɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɯɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɜɚɱɿɜɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɟɧɢɯɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦɩɪɢɥɚ-
ɞɭɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɡɛɢɬɤɿɜɚɛɨɩɨɠɟɠɿ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣɧɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹɛɨɣɥɟɪɚɜɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɿɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
əɤɳɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɢɣ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤ
ɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɚɛɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɡ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨɸ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿɽɸ ɳɨɛ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ
ɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɿɞ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɸ ɧɚɩɪɭɝɨɸ ɞɨɜɨɞɢ
ɦɨɠɟɜɢɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɤɨɪɨɬɤɟɡɚɦɢɤɚɧɧɹ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɠɢɜɢɬɢɫɹɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɯɬɚɣɦɟɪɿɜɚɛɨɡɚɞɨɩɨ-
ɦɨɝɨɸɨɤɪɟɦɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤɡɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɿɣɧɢɦɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ
Ⱦɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɩɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɚɛɨ
ɱɢɫɬɤɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
79
UA
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȦȘȜȒȔȓțȪȝȜȐȭȕȎțȖȣȕȳțȦȖȚȖȝȞȖȥȖ
-
țȎȚȖ
ɇɟɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɬɪɢɦɚɸɱɢɣɨɝɨɡɚɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɬɪɿɛ-
ɧɨɛɪɚɬɢɡɚɤɨɪɩɭɫ
Ɉɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɱɢɫɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦ ɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɬɚ ɡ ɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɸ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɸɪɨɡɟɬɤɨɸ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɛɟɡɧɚɝɥɹɞɭɤɨɥɢɜɿɧɩɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɢɣɞɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɦɟ-
ɪɟɠɿ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɧɚɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɿɫɥɹɩɚɞɿɧɧɹɹɤɳɨɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɿɨɡɧɚɤɢ
ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɚɛɨɡɧɶɨɝɨɜɢɬɿɤɚɽɜɨɞɚɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɪɢ-
ɥɚɞɨɦɹɤɳɨɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɱɢɜɢɥɤɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɿɚɛɨɹɤɳɨɫɚɦɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɢɣɍɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɡɪɟɦɨɧɬɭɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢɡɚɦɿɧɭɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɦɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ$ULHWHɚɛɨɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚ-
ɠɟɧɢɦɢɬɟɯɧɿɤɚɦɢ$ULHWHɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
ǵȎȟȠȓȞȓȔȓțțȭȝȞȜȜȝȳȘȖ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɬɪɭɦɩɚɪɢɚɛɨɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɧɚɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɬɿɥɚ
Ȼɟɪɿɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚʉɭɦɨɜɭɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɬɪɭɛɤɢɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹɞɨɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɯɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɿɞɟɪɠɚɤɚ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɿɞɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɨɩɿɤɢ
ɇɟɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɩɪɨɛɤɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɚɩɿɞɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɇɟɡɚɞɨɜɿɥɶɧɢɣɜɢɯɿɞɜɨɞɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɠɟɛɭɬɢɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɧɢɣɡɚɫɦɿ-
ɱɟɧɧɹɦɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɍɬɚɤɨɦɭɪɚɡɿɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶ-
ɬɪɚɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢȼɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɱɢɫɬɤɭ
ɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ
ȁȐȎȑȎȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȳȕȏȖȠȘȖ
Ɋɨɡɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɞɟɣɨɝɨɧɟɦɨɠɧɚɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɭɬɢ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɛɟɡɜɨɞɢɭɬɚɤɨɦɭɪɚɡɿɧɚɫɨɫɦɨɠɟɡɝɨɪɿɬɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢɛɨɣɥɟɪɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɚɛɨɤɢɩɹɬɤɨɦ
ɇɟɫɬɚɜɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɞɭɠɟɝɚɪɹɱɿɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɚɛɨɩɨɛɥɢɡɭɞɠɟɪɟɥɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɝɨ
ɜɨɝɧɸɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɤɨɪɩɭɫɭ
Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɭɜɨɞɭɡɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɨɦɜɭɝɥɟɰɸ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɫɢɩɚɬɢɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢɹɤɿɧɟɽɦɟɥɟɧɨɸ
ɤɚɜɨɸɇɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɿɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɩɪɨɜɨɤɭɜɚɬɢɜɚɠɤɿɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɢ-
ɥɚɞɭ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɿɞɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɢɠɱɟ&ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɡɚ
-
ɥɢɲɤɢɜɨɞɢɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɡɚɦɟɪɡɧɭɬɢɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɸɱɢɩɨɲɤɨ
ɞɠɟɧɧɹ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɧɚɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɦɭɩɨɜɿɬɪɿ
80
UA
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɿɞɞɿɽɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯɹɜɢɳɞɨɳɫɨɧɰɟɿɬɩ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɜɢɪɨɛɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨʀɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɢ
ȯɋɫɥɿɞɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɣɚɪɤɭɲɳɨɞɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɞɨɜɢɪɨɛɭ
ǵǯdzǾǥDZǮǷȀdzȄȌǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥȌ
ǼǽǶǿǽǾǶǹǮDzȁ
$Ɋɭɱɤɚɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ *ɉɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ
- ɩɨɞɚɱɚɤɚɜɢ +Ɋɟɲɿɬɤɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɚɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤ
- ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɫɬɚɧɿɩɚɭɡɢ , Ⱦɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
- ɫɩɭɫɤɩɚɪɢ - Ɏɿɥɶɬɪɞɥɹɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ
- ɩɨɞɚɱɚɩɚɪɢ .Ȼɥɨɤɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ
%,ɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɨɛɨɬɢ / Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ212))
&Ʉɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ 0ʈɭɦɨɜɚɪɭɱɤɚ
'Ʉɪɢɲɤɚɝɪɚɮɢɧɚ 1Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɢɥɤɚ
E - Ƚɪɚɮɢɧ 2ɉɪɨɛɤɚɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ
)Ɇɿɪɤɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɞɥɹɤɚɜɢ
ǥȒȓțȠȖȢȳȘȎȤȳȗțȳȒȎțȳ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɹɤɚɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɨɩɨɪɧɨɸɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɨɸɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɿɬɚɤɿɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɿɞɚɧɧɿɩɪɢ-
ɥɚɞɭ
ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɿɦɚɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ&(
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɆɨɞ
ɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ61
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɚɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹȼɿɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɚɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɶȼɬ
ɧɨɦɟɪɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɨʀɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨʀɥɿɧɿʀ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɝɨɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹɞɨɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɿɜɜɤɚɠɿɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɿɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥǦǵǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ǰȐȓȒȓțțȭȐȓȘȟȝșȡȎȠȎȤȳȬ
Ɋɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɤɭɠɬɺɴɩɨɛɪɫɮɞɛɟɩɧɛɳɨɷɩʁɧɠɫɠɡʀɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɛɢɭʀɾɹɴɩɝɥɛɢɛɨɛɨɛɭɛɜɦɣɲ-
ɱʀɭɠɰɨʀɲɨɣɰɟɛɨɣɰɪɫɣɦɛɟɮ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɝɥɚɞɤɭɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸɉɨɦɢɣɬɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɭɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ©ɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɥɚɞɭª
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɝɪɚɮɢɧ(ɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɨɞɨɸɊɢɫȼɿɞɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɩɪɨɛɤɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ2ɭɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭɫɢɦɜɨɥɭ
ɳɨɩɨɡɧɚɱɚɽɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɇɚɥɢɣɬɟ ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭ ɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ ɜɨɞɭ ɹɤɚɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɭɝɪɚɮɢɧɿ Ɋɢɫ
Ɂɚɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɩɪɨɛɤɭɭɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭɫɢɦɜɨɥɭɳɨɩɨɡɧɚɱɚɽɡɚɤɪɢɜɚɧɧɹ ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭ1ɜɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɭɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦɿɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ/
ǽȓȞȦȓȐȐȳȚȘțȓțțȭ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɩɿɞɮɥɚɧɟɰɶɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ$ɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀɤɚɜɢ Ɋɢɫɍɜɿɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɨɛɨɬɢ%Ⱦɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɜɢɯɨɞɭɜɨɞɢɡɝɧɿɡɞɚɞɟɪɠɚɤɚ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɩɚɭɡɢ ɳɨɛɩɟɪɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɢɯɿɞɜɨɞɢɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ
ɫɤɥɹɧɤɭɩɿɞɛɥɨɤɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ.Ɋɢɫɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɩɚɪɢ Ɋɢɫ
Ⱦɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɜɢɯɨɞɭɩɚɪɢɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɩɚɭɡɢ ɉɨɜɬɨɪɸɣɬɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɞɨ
ɩɨɜɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɹɤɚɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɌɟɩɟɪɩɪɢɥɚɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɣɞɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢ
81
UA
ǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǸǮǰǶ
ȼɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɫɩɭɫɤɚɩɚɪɢ Ɋɢɫȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭ
ɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɍɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿɜɿɞɛɚɠɚɧɨʀɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿɱɚɲɨɤɤɚɜɢɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶ
ɝɪɚɮɢɧɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɱɚɲɤɢɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɱɚɲɤɢɊɢɫɇɚɥɢɣɬɟɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɜɨɞɭɹɤɚ
ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹɭɝɪɚɮɢɧɿɁɚɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɩɪɨɛɤɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɣɬɟɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɧɚɝɪɚɮɢɧɿɇɟɧɚɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɨɞɭɩɨɜɡɛɨɣɥɟɪ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɮɿɥɶɬɪɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ-ɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ,Ɋɢɫɇɚɫɢɩɬɟɞɨɡɭɤɚɜɢɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɡɥɟɝɤɚɫɩɪɟ-
ɫɭɣɬɟʀʀɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɦɬɟɦɩɟɪɨɦ)ȼɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɿɞɜɿɩɨɡɧɚɱɤɢɹɤɿɜɤɚɡɭɸɬɶɞɨɡɭɤɚɜɢɞɥɹ
ɞɜɨɯɚɛɨɱɨɬɢɪɶɨɯɱɚɲɨɤɊɢɫ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɭɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɟɝɧɿɡɞɨɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɸɱɢɪɭɱɤɭɫɩɪɚɜɚɊɢɫ
ɇʀɱɨɩɢɛɭɺɞɨʀɭɷ ɟɠɫɡɛɥ ɯʀɦɷɭɫɛɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɹɲɣɤɩɞɩ ɬɪɫɛɝɛɨɛɦʀɝɩɊɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɤɭɠɬɺ ɴɩ ɟɠɫɡɛɥ
ɯʀɦɷɭɫɛɨɛɟʀɤɨɩɢɾɟɨɛɨʀɤɢɯɦɛɨɱɠɧ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
əɤɳɨɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɧɚɫɢɩɚɬɢɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɦɨɠɟɜɢɹɜɢɬɢɫɶɜɚɠɤɨɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɢɞɟɪ-
ɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɚɛɨɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɠɟɜɢɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɜɢɬɨɤ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɝɪɚɮɢɧɧɚɪɟɲɿɬɤɭɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤ+ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɤɪɢɲɤɚɝɪɚɮɢɧɚ'ɜɿɞɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɚɧɚ
ɩɿɞɧɨɫɢɤɜɢɯɨɞɭɤɚɜɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɤɚɜɢ Ɋɢɫ
ɍɜɿɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɨɛɨɬɢȾɥɹɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɭɝɪɚɮɢɧɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɯɯɜɢɥɢɧȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɜɫɹ
ɜɨɞɚɹɤɚɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɜɢɣɞɟɭɝɪɚɮɢɧɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɩɚɭɡɢ Ⱦɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟ
ɝɪɚɮɢɧɿɧɚɥɢɣɬɟɤɚɜɭɜɱɚɲɤɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
əɤɿɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯɤɚɜɨɦɚɲɢɧɧɟɡɧɿɦɚɣɬɟɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɤɚɜɢɇɟɛɟɡ-
ɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɉɟɪɲɧɿɠɡɧɹɬɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɩɨɡɛɭɬɢɫɹɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɨɝɨɬɢɫɤɭɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɉɨ-
ɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɫɩɭɫɤɚɩɚɪɢ ɉɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɠɟɧɟɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɿ
ɱɟɪɟɡɛɥɨɤɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɓɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɛɪɢɡɨɤɜɨɞɢɚɛɨɤɚɜɢɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɩɨɜɟɪɬɚɸɱɢɣɨɝɨɡɥɿɜɚ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ
ɓɨɛɜɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɤɚɜɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɿɞɧɿɦɿɬɶɫɬɨɩɨɪɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫɉɟɪɟ-
ɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɜɞɚɪɬɟɧɢɦɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɪɚɡɿɜɳɨɛɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɤɚɜɢɜɢɩɚɥɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɦɨɠɟɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɬɢɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨɁɚɛɚɠɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɳɟɤɚɜɭɩɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɬɪɢɯɜɢ-
ɥɢɧɢɩɿɫɥɹɫɩɭɫɤɭɩɚɪɢ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǸǮǽȁȅǥǻǼ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɫɩɭɫɤɚɩɚɪɢ ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȼɿɞ-
ɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɩɪɨɛɤɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɚɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɝɪɚɮɢɧɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɪɿɜɧɹɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ
ɇɚɥɢɣɬɟɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɜɨɞɭɹɤɚɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹɭɝɪɚɮɢɧɿɁɚɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɩɪɨɛɤɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɚɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɫɤɥɹɧɤɭɩɿɞɛɥɨɤ
ɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ.Ɋɢɫɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɩɚɪɢ Ɋɢɫɫɩɨɱɚɬɤɭɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɚ
ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢɚɩɨɬɿɦɫɬɪɭɦɩɚɪɢɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶɹɤɨɝɨɡɛɿɥɶɲɢɬɶɫɹɡɚɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭ
ɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɩɚɭɡɢ ɳɨɛɩɟɪɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɢɯɿɞɩɚɪɢɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɩɿɞɛɥɨɤɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɡɦɨ-
ɥɨɤɨɦɞɥɹɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɁɚɧɭɪɬɟɛɥɨɤɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɭɦɨɥɨɱɧɢɤɞɨɞɧɚɊɢɫɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɩɚɪɢ ɊɢɫȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɜɢɯɨɞɭɩɚɪɢɿɪɭɯɚɣɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɸɡɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɞɨɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ
ɛɚɠɚɧɨɝɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɭ
82
UA
Ɋʀɬɦɺɥɩɡɨɩɞɩɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺɝɣɥɩɨɮɤɭɠɪɩɟɛɲɮɪɛɫɣɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɹɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛɬɠɥɮɨɟɴɩɜɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɭɣ
ɩɭɝʀɫɝʀɟɧɩɡɦɣɝɣɰɢɛɦɣɳɥʀɝʀɪɫɩɭɣɫɛɤɭɠɜɦɩɥɪɩɟɛɲʀɪɛɫɣɝɩɦɩɞɩɹɞɛɨɲʀɫɥɩɹɴɩɜɢɛɪɩɜʀɞɭɣ
ɢɛɬɣɰɛɨɨɹɧɩɦɩɥɛ
ɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɨɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɫɩɭɫɤɚɩɚɪɢ
ɚɥɴɩɨɛɠɭɛɪʀɩɲʀɥɮɝɛɨɨɺɪɛɫɣɝɣɨɣɥɛɹɭɷɨɠɢɨɛɲɨʀɝɣɥɣɟɣɪɛɫɣɢɯɦɛɨɱɺɟɠɫɡɛɥɛɯʀɦɷɭɫɛɱɠ
ɺɝɣɴɠɪɩɝɣɨɨɩɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɭɣɬɷɺɥɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɠ
ǸǼǾǶǿǻǥǽǼǾǮDzǶDzǹȍǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǿǺǮȅǻǼǦǸǮǰǶ
ɆɟɥɟɧɭɤɚɜɭɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɡɥɟɝɤɚɫɩɪɟɫɭɜɚɬɢɆɿɰɧɿɫɬɶɤɚɜɢɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶɜɿɞɫɬɭɩɟɧɸɩɨɦɟ-
ɥɭɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿɧɚɫɢɩɚɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɫɢɥɢɩɪɟɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɓɨɛɤɚɜɚɜɢɣɲɥɚɭɱɚɲɟɱɤɢɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɯɫɟɤɭɧɞəɤɳɨɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿɞɨɜɲɢɣɰɟɨɡɧɚɱɚɽɳɨɩɨɦɟɥɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɦɿɥɤɢɣɚɛɨɦɟɥɟɧɚɤɚɜɚɹɤɚ
ɡɚɫɢɩɚɧɚɭɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɛɭɥɚɫɩɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɫɢɥɶɧɨ
ȅǶǿȀǸǮǽǾǶǹǮDzȁ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ȼɫɿɨɩɢɫɚɧɿɧɢɠɱɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɤɨɥɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɢɣɚɜɢɥɤɚɠɢɜɥɟɧ-
ɧɹɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɚɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɢɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɿɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɪɨɛɨɱɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɿɿɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɸɬɶ
ɣɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɢɡɧɚɱɧɨɡɧɢɠɭɸɱɢɪɢɡɢɤɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɿ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɦɢɬɢɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɭɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɹɦɿɫɬɪɭ-
ɦɢɜɨɞɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ȼɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɯɨɥɨɞɧɢɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȢȳșȪȠȞȎȒșȭȚȓșȓțȜȴȘȎȐȖ
ɉɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟɱɢɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿɡɧɢɡɭɨɬɜɨɪɢɧɟɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿɹɤɳɨɨɬɜɨɪɢɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶʀɯɳɿɬɨɱɤɨɸ
Ɋɢɫȼɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɩɨɞɚɱɭɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɡɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɦɮɿɥɶɬɪɨɦɛɟɡɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ
ɳɨɛɪɨɡɱɢɧɢɬɢɚɛɨɜɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɤɚɜɢɚɛɨɛɪɭɞɭ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɉɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɪɟɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɢɫɬɢɬɢ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨɤɨɠɧɿɦɿɫɹɰɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢɩɪɨɫɬɿɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ
ɦɢɸɱɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭɛɟɡɞɨɞɚɜɚɧɧɹɨɩɨɥɿɫɤɭɜɚɱɿɜɬɚɿɧɲɢɯɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɨɞɧɭɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭɦɢɸɱɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɢɯɦɚɲɢɧɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɛɟɡɤɚɜɢ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɨɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɩɿɞɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɇɚɥɢɣɬɟɭɝɪɚɮɢɧɱɚɲɤɢɜɨɞɢɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɩɟɪɟɦɢɤɚɱɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɫɩɭɫɤɚɩɚɪɢ ȼɿɞɤɪɢɣɬɟɩɪɨɛɤɭ
ɛɨɣɥɟɪɚȼɢɥɢɣɬɟɜɦɿɫɬɝɪɚɮɢɧɚɭɛɨɣɥɟɪ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɤɚɜɢ Ⱦɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɜɢɯɨɞɭɜɨɞɢɡɝɧɿɡɞɚɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɊɢɫȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɜɢɣɞɟɭɜɟɫɶɜɦɿɫɬɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɩɚɭɡɢ ɳɨɛɩɟɪɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɢɯɿɞɜɨɞɢɁɚɥɢɲɬɟɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭɩɨɞɿ-
ɹɬɢɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɯɜɢɥɢɧɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɸɱɢɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɦɭɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɩɨɞɚɱɿɜɨɞɢɭɜɿɦɤɧɭɜɲɢɧɚɫɨɫȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɜɢɣɞɟɭɜɟɫɶɜɦɿɫɬ
ɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɩɪɨɦɢɜɚɧɧɹɡɞɜɨɦɚɝɪɚɮɢɧɚɦɢɩɨɱɚɲɤɢ
ɉɨɜɿɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɪɢɥɚɞɭȾɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɮɿɥɶɬɪɿ ɞɨɛɪɟ ɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟɣɨɝɨɩɿɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɸ
ɜɨɞɨɸ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɫɩɭɫɤɚɩɚɪɢ ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱ-
83
UA
ɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɿɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɝɧɿɡɞɨɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɳɨɛɜɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɡɚɥɢɲɤɢ
ɦɢɸɱɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭ
ɍɜɿɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɿɩɨɞɚɣɬɟɳɟɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɝɪɚɮɢɧɚɜɨɞɢɳɨɛɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɢ
ɩɪɨɦɢɜɚɧɧɹ
əɤɳɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɳɨɞɟɧɧɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɤɨɠɧɿɬɪɢ
ɦɿɫɹɰɿ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȑțȳȕȒȎȒȓȞȔȎȘȎȢȳșȪȠȞȎ
ɍɯɨɞɿɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɭɝɧɿɡɞɿɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɦɨɠɭɬɶɡɹɜɢɬɢɫɹɜɿɞɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹɤɚɜɨɜɨʀɝɭɳɿɹɤɿ
ɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɞɚɥɢɬɢɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɢ Ɋɢɫ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɜɲɢ ɜɨɞɭ ɧɟ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢ
ɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɊɢɫ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȏșȜȘȎȝȜȒȎȥȳȝȎȞȖ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ȼɢɤɨɧɭɣɬɟɰɸɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɤɨɥɢɯɪɨɦɨɜɚɧɚɬɪɭɛɤɚɯɨɥɨɞɧɚɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɨɩɿɤɿɜ
ȼɿɞɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɛɥɨɤɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢ.ɡʉɭɦɨɜɨʀɪɭɱɤɢ0ɊɢɫɿɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟɣɨɝɨɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸȻɥɨɤ
ɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɦɨɠɧɚɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɉɪɢɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɛɥɨɤɩɨɞɚɱɿɩɚɪɢɧɚɦɿɫɰɟɞɨɤɿɧɰɹ
ɯɨɞɭəɤɳɨɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣɨɬɜɿɪɜɢɯɨɞɭɩɚɪɢɉɿɫɥɹɤɨɠɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɜɢɤɨɧɭɣɬɟɩɨɞɚɱɭɩɚɪɢɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɸɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɳɨɛɡɜɿɥɶɧɢɬɢɨɬɜɿɪɜɿɞɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɯɡɚɥɢɲɤɿɜ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȞȓȦȳȠȘȖȳȝȳȒȒȜțȡȒșȭȘȞȎȝȓșȪ
ɉɚɦɹɬɚɣɬɟɳɨɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ*ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɱɚɫɜɿɞɱɚɫɭɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɝɭɛɤɨɸ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɪɟɲɿɬɤɭ+ɿɩɨɦɢɣɬɟʀʀɩɿɞɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȘȜȞȝȡȟȡȝȞȖșȎȒȡ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɑɢɫɬɿɬɶɧɟɪɭɯɨɦɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɨɥɨɝɨɸɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɳɨɛɧɟɩɨɲɤɨɞɢɬɢɤɨɪɩɭɫ
ǰǶǰǥDzǵdzǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǥǦ
ɍɪɚɡɿɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɡɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɟɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɋɩɨ-
ɪɨɠɧɿɬɶɿɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɩɿɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɞɢɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɧɟɨɛɯɿɞ-
ɧɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢɪɨɡɞɿɥɟɧɧɹɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜɹɤɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢɫɹɭɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɬɚʀɯɩɟɪɟɪɨɛɤɭ
ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɜɿɞʀɯɫɤɥɚɞɭɬɚɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɶɡɚɤɨɧɿɜɳɨɞɿɸɬɶɭɄɪɚʀɧɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
84
UA
ǽǥDzǸǮǵǸǶDzǹȍǰǶǾǥȆdzǻǻȍDzdzȍǸǶȃǽǾǼǯǹdzǺ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɧɟɩɨɥɚɞɨɤɭɪɨɛɨɬɿɧɟɝɚɣɧɨɜɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
Ɋɫɩɜɦɠɧɣ Ɋɫɣɲɣɨɣ Ƚɣɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ
Ɋɫɣɦɛɟɨɠ
ɪɩɟɛɾɪɛɫɮ Ɇɚɥɚ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɢ ɿ ɧɚɫɨɫ
ɧɟɜɫɦɨɤɬɭɽ ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɪɭɱɤɭ ɧɚ ɫɩɭɫɤ ɩɚɪɢ ȼɢɦɤɧɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɧ ɞɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɤɢ ɩɚɪɚ ȼɿɞɤɪɭɬɿɬɶ
ɩɪɨɛɤɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɚȼɢɥɢɣɬɟɜɨɞɭɭɛɨɣɥɟɪ
Ɉɬɜɿɪ ɜɢɯɨɞɭ ɩɚɪɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ
ɛɥɨɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɿɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɢɣ ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɿɧɧɹɹɤɿɦɨɝɥɢ
ɭɬɜɨɪɢɬɢɫɹɜɨɬɜɨɪɿɫɬɟɪɠɧɹɛɥɨɤɚɩɨɞɚɱɿ
Ʌɛɝɛɝɣɰɩɟɣɭɷ
ɲɠɫɠɢɥɫɛʁ
ɟɠɫɡɛɥɛ
ɯʀɦɷɭɫɛ
Ƀɦɨɜɿɪɧɨ ɳɨ ɭ ɮɿɥɶɬɪ ɧɚ-
ɫɢɩɚɧɨ ɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ ɹɤɚ ɡɚɜɚɞɢɥɚ
ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɡɚɬɹɝɧɭɬɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɤ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɭɣɨɝɨɝɧɿɡɞɿ
ɉɨɜɿɥɶɧɨɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɤɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɨɫɤɿɥɶ-
ɤɢ ɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣ ɬɢɫɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢ ɛɪɢɡɤɢ ɉɨɜ-
ɬɨɪɧɨɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɝɧɿɡɞɨɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɊɢɫ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸ ɩɨɤɥɚɜɲɢ ɭ ɮɿɥɶɬɪ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭ
ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɤɚɜɢ
ɇɚ ɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱɿ ɝɧɿɡɞɚ ɡɽɞ-
ɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɤɚ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ɡɚ-
ɥɢɲɢɥɢɫɶ ɡɚɥɢɲɤɢ ɦɟɥɟɧɨʀ
ɤɚɜɢ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɩɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶ ɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱ ɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɨɸ ɚɛɨ
ɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɊɢɫ
ȼɢɯɿɞɧɿ ɨɬɜɨɪɢ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɭ ɞɥɹ
ɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿ ɉɨɜɿɥɶɧɨ ɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟ ɿ ɡɧɿɦɿɬɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɤ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢ
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶ ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿ ɨɬɜɨɪɢ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ɳɿɬɨɱɤɨɸ ɚɛɨ
ɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸɉɪɨɜɟɞɿɬɶɱɢɫɬɤɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸ-
ɱɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɿ ɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ ɦɢɸɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɨɛɭ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɧɧɹ
ɨɩɨɥɿɫɤɭɜɚɱɿɜɬɚɿɧɲɢɯɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ
.
Ʌɛɝɛɨɠ
ɪɩɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ
ɛɜɩɪɩɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ
ɢɛɨɛɟɭɩ
ɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɩ
Ɉɬɜɨɪɢɩɟɪɮɨɪɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɞɢɫ-
ɤɭɹɤɢɣɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɭɝɧɿɡɞɿ
ɡɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɤɚ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿ
ɍɜɿɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɛɟɡɞɟɪɠɚɤɚɮɿɥɶɬɪɚɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɱɢ
ɜɨɞɭəɤɳɨɜɨɞɚɜɫɟɠɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɡɿɜɫɿɯ
ɨɬɜɨɪɿɜɜɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭ
ȼɢɯɿɞɧɿ ɨɬɜɨɪɢ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɭ ɞɥɹ
ɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿ ɉɨɜɿɥɶɧɨ ɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟ ɿ ɡɧɿɦɿɬɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɤ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɣɬɢɫɤɦɨɠɟɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɢɛɪɢɡɤɢ
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶ ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿ ɨɬɜɨɪɢ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ ɳɿɬɨɱɤɨɸ ɚɛɨ
ɛɭɥɚɜɤɨɸɉɪɨɜɟɞɿɬɶɱɢɫɬɤɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɚ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸ-
ɱɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɿ ɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ ɦɢɸɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɨɛɭ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɧɧɹ
ɨɩɨɥɿɫɤɭɜɚɱɿɜɬɚɿɧɲɢɯɯɿɦɿɱɧɢɯɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ
.
Ɂɚɧɚɞɬɨ ɦɿɥɤɚ ɫɭɦɿɲ ɦɟɥɟ-
ɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɤɚɜɨɜɭ ɫɭɦɿɲ ɛɿɥɶɲ
ɝɪɭɛɨʀɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɫɬɿ
Ɂɚɧɚɞɬɨ ɫɩɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɭɦɿɲ
ɤɚɜɢ ɋɩɪɟɫɨɜɭɣɬɟɤɚɜɭɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɿɡɦɟɧɲɨɸɫɢɥɨɸ
Ʌɛɝɛɢɛɨɛɟɭɩ
ɝɩɟɺɨɣɬɭɛʀ
ɰɩɦɩɟɨɛ
ɋɭɦɿɲɡɦɟɥɟɧɚɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɝɪɭ-
ɛɨ ɓɨɛɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɛɿɥɶɲɧɚɫɢɱɟɧɭɿɝɚɪɹɱɭɤɚɜɭɫɥɿɞɜɢ-
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɭɦɿɲɛɿɥɶɲɦɿɥɤɨɝɨɩɨɦɟɥɭ
ɒɩɧɮɝɩɟɛ
ɝɣɰɩɟɣɭɷɢ
ɜɦɩɥɛɪɩɟɛɲʀ
ɺɥɴɩɝɩɨɛ
ɢɛɦɣɭɛɮ
ɜɩɤɦɠɫ"
əɤɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɢɬɢ ɦɚɤɫɢ-
ɦɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɥɿɦɿɬ ɜɨɞɢ ɜɨɧɚ
ɛɭɞɟ ɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢ ɡ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɩɨ-
ɞɚɱɿ
ɇɟɧɚɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɛɿɥɶɲɟɜɨɞɢɧɿɠɦɨɠɟɜɦɿ-
ɫɬɢɬɢɨɞɢɧɝɪɚɮɢɧɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɜɤɚɡɚɧɢɣɩɨɡɧɚɱɤɨɸ
ɱɚɲɤɢ
85
AR
ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ ﺔّﻴﻤﺤﻣو ،ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ
يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻠﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳاو صﺮﺤﺑ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ةءاﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
هﺬﻫ ﻖﻓرأ .ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌا ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻼﻟ ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا .راﴐﻷاو ثداﻮﺤﻟا عﻮﻗو ﻊﻨﳌ ،ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ
.ﻐﻠﻟ ﻪﺋاﺪﻫإ وأ ﻪﻌﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا زﻮﻣﺮﻟﺎﺑ ةﺰﻴﻤﻣ ،ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ةدراﻮﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ دﻮﻌﺗ رﺎﻄﺧأ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ضﺮﻐﻟا
ﻏ ﻮﻬﻓ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،صﺎﺨﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻢﺗ .ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟاو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋﻹ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻚﻨﻜ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺞﺗﺎﻧ رﴐ يأ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﺔﻌّﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛ
ﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ .ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟا وأ يرﺎﺠﺘﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ
لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﻖﺋﻻ ﻐﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا يدﺆﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز .ﺎﻬﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻو ﻢّﻤﺻ ﻲﺘﻟا ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗ ضاﺮﻏﻷ
.ﺎﻬﺘﻐﻴﺻ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻬﻣ ،نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ
ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا
ﴍﺎﺒﳌا ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺣ ﻦﻣ ،ةﴩﻨﻟا هﺬﻫ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻳ يﺬﻟا زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺸﻧﻹا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﳌا ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﻻ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا وأ رﺎﺨﺒﻠﻟ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻦﻣ عﻮﻨﺼﳌا ءﺰﺠﻟا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ بﻮﺒﻧﻷا ﺾﺒﻗا .ﻐﻟا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌاو رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻪّﺟﻮﺗ ﻻ -قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا
.ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﻆﻔﺤﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ داﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﺔﻴﻋوأ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
نﺎﻣﻷا تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا صﺮﺤﺑ أﺮﻗا.
:
ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺎﻬﻬﺑﺎﺷ ﺎﻣو ﺔﻴﻟﺰﻨﳌا تﺎﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟا ﰲ لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻊﻨﺻو ﻢّﻤﺻ
•
;ﺐﺗﺎﻜﳌا ﰲو ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺘﻟا تﻼﺤﳌا ﻲﻔﻇﻮﳌ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﰲ -
;عراﺰﳌا -
;ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﻴﻨﻜﺴﻟا تﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟاو قدﺎﻨﻔﻟا ءﻼﻤﻋ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا -
.رﺎﻄﻓﻹاو ﺖﻴﺒﳌا لﺰﻧو -
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ضاﺮﻏﻷ وأ ﺊﻃﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺐﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻦﻋ
ﻏ داﻮ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟا ﺐﻄﻌﻟا ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺠﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا نﻷ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮ ظﺎﻔﺘﺣﻻا ﺢﺼﻨﻳ •
.ﺺّﺧﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﱃإ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻘﺋﻻ
داﻮﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌاو 2004/10/27 ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﺑ ةردﺎﺼﻟا 2004/1935 ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻢﻈﻨﻟ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا •
.ﺔﻳﺬﻏﻸﻟ ﺔﺴﻣﻼﳌا
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لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﻢﻫاﻮﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ نﻮﻜﻠ ﻻ صﺎﺨﺷأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ لﺎﻔﻃأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ •
ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ فاﴍﻹا ﻢﺗ اذإ ﻂﻘﻓ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ وأ ةﱪﺧ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا صﺎﺨﺷﻷا وأ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟاو ﺔﻴ ّ
ﺴﺤﻟاو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا
ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻋﻼﻃاو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﺒﻳرﺪﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ءﺎﻨﺛأ
،تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﻞﻘﺗ دﻻوأ ﺎﻬﺑ مﻮﻘﻳ ﻻ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا مﺎﻬﻣ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺄﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا لﻋأ •
.ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻄﻳﴍو
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺐﻌﻠﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ حﺴﻟا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﻷ ،لﺎﻔﻃﻷا لوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﰲ ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
ةدﺎﻳز .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺺﻗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﻊﻨﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺎﻬﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ •
.ﻪﺑ ﺐﻌﻠﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ
ȔƾŮǍƷƳŽȚ ƿƃƉŮ Ǎƭų
.تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﻞﻘﺗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﻦﻋ ًاﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻆﻔﺣ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻟإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟا ﻦﻜ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ ّﱄﺪﺘﻣ ﻞﺒﻜﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻔﺳأ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺻو ﻞﺒﻗ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ
.ثداﻮﺣو راﴐأ عﻮﻗو ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ،ﺔﻌﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺼﺧّﺮﻣ ﻐﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا تﻼﺻﻮﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا •
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﻪﻠﺼﻓاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻃأ ،ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ •
لاﻮﺣﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ وأ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ ﻊﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ﻒﻠﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ •
.ﺮﻄﺧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،ﻞﺛﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ
!سﺎ ﻞﻄﻋ ثوﺪﺣ ﱃإ ﻚﻟذ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ :ءﻠﻟ ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﺸﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺔﺴﻣﻼﻣ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻬﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ ﺔﻠﺼﻔﻨﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟأ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ وأ ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ (ﺮﺎﺗ) ﺖّﻗﻮﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺗ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ وأ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ يﺄﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ،ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا •
.ىﺮﺧأ ﻞﺋاﻮﺳ ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ •
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ دﻮﻌﺗ رﺎﻄﺧأ
.ﻪﻤﺴﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻀﺒﻗا ﻞﺑ ،تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺤﺑ ﻪﻀﺒﻗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻓﺮﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﱃإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟا ﻞﻬﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺚﻴﺤﺑو ،ﻒﻴﻈﻧو ﰲﺎﻜﻟا رﺪﻘﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﻀﻣ نﺎﻜﻣ رﺎﺘﺧا •
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو مﺪﻋ ﺐﺤﻳ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺻو ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺒﻗاﺮﻣ نوﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺔﺣاﺮﻟاو لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿو ﺐﺠﻳ •
ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﻪﻨﻣ ءﺎﳌا بّﴪﺗ وأ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻒﻠﺗ تﺎﻣﻼﻋ رﻮﻬﻇو ضرﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻪﻃﻮﻘﺳ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ •
ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ ،حﻼﺻﻹا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ .ﻒﻠﺘﻣ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ وأ نﺎﻔﻠﺘﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا وأ ﻞﺒﻜﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ءاﱪﺧ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ Ariete ﺔﻛﴩﻟ ﻊﺑﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا
.ﺮﻄﺧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻟﻮﺨﻣ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ءﺎﳌا وأ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻪﻨﻣ جﺮﺨﻳ يﺬﻟا بﻮﺒﻧﻷا ﺾﺒﻗا .ﻚﻤﺴﺟ ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﳌا ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا وأ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻪّﺟﻮﺗ ﻻ •
!قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ :ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻨﺼﳌا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ
.قاﱰﺣﻻا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻴﺟرﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺲﳌ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ةداﺪﺳ ﺢﺘﻔﺗ ﻻ •
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نﻷ ،ءﻂﺒﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻞﺼﻓاو ﺪﻌﺑأ ،ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ .ﱰﻠﻓ داﺪﺳ ﱃإ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا جوﺮﺧ مﺪﻋ دﻮﻌﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ •
ةﺮﻘﻔﻟا ﰲ ﺒﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ أﺪﺑا ،ﻚﻟذ ﺪﻨﻋ .ءﺎﳌا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ شر ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ﺪﺋاﺰﻟا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا
.ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ةدﺪﺤﳌا
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﻪﺑﻼﻘﻧا ﻦﻣ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﻻ ﻞﻜﺸﺑو ،ّﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ •
.ﺔّﺨﻀﳌا قاﱰﺣا ﺐّﻨﺠﺘﻟ ،ءﺎﻣ نوﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
.ﲇﻐﳌا وأ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻸ ﻻ •
.ﻪﻠﻜﻴﻫ ﻒﻠﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ﺮﺤﻟا ﺐﻬﻠﻟا ﻦﻣ بﺮﻘﻟﺎﺑ وأ ًاﺪﺟ ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳ حﻮﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ •
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ةرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻸﻟ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ﺲﻣﻼﻣ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.(ﻦﻧﻮﺑﺮﻜﻟا ﺪﻴﺴﻛأ ﺎﺛ ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ فﺎﻀﻣ) ﺔﻳزﺎﻏ هﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﰲ ةﺒﻛ راﴐأ ﻚﻟذ ﻖﺤﻠﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ .ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗ ﴏﺎﻨﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ •
.راﴐا ثﺪﺤﻳو ﺪﻤﺠﺘﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ ﻲﻘﺒﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا نﻷ ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 0 ﻦﻋ ﻞﻘﺗ ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرﺪﻟ ضّﺮﻌﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
.ﻖﻠﻄﻟا ءاﻮﻬﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
.(.(ﺎﻫﻏو ﺲﻤﺸﻟاو ﺮﻄﳌا) ﺔﻳّﻮﺠﻟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻠﻟ ضّﺮﻌﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
ﻰﺟﺮﻳ ، CE/2012/19 ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺺﻨﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣو ،ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ
.ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﳌاو ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا ةءاﺮﻗ
تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا هﺬﻬﺑ ﺎاد ﻆﻔﺘﺣا •
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ - G ﻢّﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ - A
ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا دﺎﻨﺳﻹ ﺔﻜﺒﺷ - H ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ : -
ﱰﻠﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ - I داﺪﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﺿو ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا : -
ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﱰﻠﻓ - J ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﺲﻴﻔﻨﺗ : -
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا عّزﻮﻣ - K رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ : -
ON-OFF ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا / لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز - L زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﲆﻋ لﺪﺗ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﺿ ةرﺎﺷإ - B
ﻲﻃﺎّﻄﻣ ﺾﺒﻘﻣ - M زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ - C
ﺲﺑﺎﻗ + ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ - N ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ءﺎﻄﻏ - D
ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ةداﺪﺳ - O ﻖﻳﺮﺑإ - E
ةﻮﻬﻘﻠﻟ ﻂﻏﺎﺿ/سﺎﻴﻘِﻣ - F
ﺔﻴﻨﻓ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
:زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻔﺳأ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗ
CE ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟاو ﻊﻧﺎﺼﻟا •
(.Mod) ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا •
(SN) ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﳌا ﻢﻗر •
(ﺲﺗﻫ) ددﱰﻟاو (ﺖﻟﻮﻓ) ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻓ •
(طاو) ﺔﺼﺘﻤﳌا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةرﺪﻘﻟا •
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﻢﺴﻗ ﻒﺗﺎﻫ ﻢﻗر •
.ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻢﻗرو ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا ﺮﻛذ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﺰﻛﺮ لﺎﺼﺗﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
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لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻳوﺎﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔﻴﻄﻠﻓ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻸﻣا ."زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﰲ ﺒﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ تﺎﺒّﻛﺮﳌا ﻞﺴﻏا .ٍﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ ،ﻚﻟذ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﺐﻜﺳأ .( ) حﻮﺘﻔﻣ ﺰﻣر هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ (O) ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ةداﺪﺳ ّ
ﻚﻓ .(3 ﻞﻜﺷ) جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ (E)
نﻮﻜﻳ ﺐﺠﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ (N) ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ .( ) ﻖﻠﻐﻣ ﺰﻣر هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ةداﺪﺴﻟا ّ
ﻒﻟ .ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﺧاد (4 ﻞﻜﺷ)
.(L) لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﻂﻐﺿا ﻢﺛ ،ﺾﻳرﺄﺗ مﺎﻈﻨﺑ دوﺰﻣ
ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .(5 ﻞﻜﺷ) ( ) ةﻮﻬﻗ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﺿو (A) ﻢّﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ .ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷ ﺔﺸﻨﻠﻓ ﺖﺤﺗ ءﺎﻋو ﻊﺿ
ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ .ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ّﺮﻘﻣ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا جوﺮﺧ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﲆﻋ لﺪﻳ يﺬﻟا (B) ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا
ّ
ﻒﻟ .(15 ﻞﻜﺷ) (K) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا عّزﻮﻣ ﺖﺤﺗ سﺄﻛ ﻊﺿ .ءﺎﳌا جوﺮﺧ ﻒﻗﻮﺗ ﻟ ( ) داﺪﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﺿو ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﺿو
ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﺿو ﻢّﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ .رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جوﺮﺧ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .(14 ﻞﻜﺷ) ( ) رﺎﺨﺑ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﲆﻋ ﻢّﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻀﺤﺘﻟ ﺰﻫﺎﺟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا .ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ دﺎﻔﻨﺘﺳا ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ .( ) داﺪﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﺿو
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ
ﻸﻣا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ .(7 ﻞﻜﺷ) ( ) ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﺲﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﲆﻋ ﻢّﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ :زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻃأ
4 ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟاو نﺎﺠﻨﻓ 2 دﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا :ﺎﻫﻀﺤﺗ ﺪﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺟﺎﻨﻓ دﺪﻋ ﺐﺴﺣ درﺎﺒﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ةداﺪﺳ ّ
ﻒﻟ .ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ ﺐﻜﺳأ .(2 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺟﺎﻨﻓ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا جرﺎﺧ ءﺎﳌا ﺐﻜﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﲆﻋ ﺒﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا زوﺎﺠﺘﺗ ﻻ
ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻬﻄﻐﺿاو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟا ﻊﺿ .(8 ﻞﻜﺷ) (I) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ (J) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﱰﻠﻓ ﻞﺧدأ
وأ ﻨﺛا دﺪﻌﻟ ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﱃإ ناﺸﺗ ﺗرﺎﺷإ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﻳ .(F) ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ةادﻷا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ
.(8 ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺟﺎﻨﻓ ﺔﻌﺑرأ
.(9 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻤﻴﻟا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﺔﻀﺒﻘﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ نأ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ﻪﺑ صﺎﺨﻟا ّﺮﻘﳌﺎﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷا
.ﺔﺸﻨﻠﻔﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ .رﺎﺴﻴﻟا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻤﻴﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻪّﻔﻟ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ّﺪﺷ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
وأ/و ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ّ
ﻒﻟ ﰲ ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ بﴪﺘﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ
ﺎﻬﻨﻣ جﺮﺨﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺔﻫّﻮﻓ ﻊﻣ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺘﻣ (D) ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ءﺎﻄﻏ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ .(H) ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا دﺎﻨﺳإ ﺔﻜﺒﺷ ﲆﻋ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻊﺿ
ﺪﻌﺑ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﲆﻋ لﺪﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﺄﻔﻄﺗ .(5 ﻞﻜﺷ) ( ) ةﻮﻬﻗ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﺿو ﻢّﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ .ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﻞﻣﺎﻛ جﺮﺨﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ أﺪﺒﺗ ،ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺑ
.ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺐﻜﺳاو ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﺐﺤﺳا .( ) داﺪﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﺿو ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﺿو ﻢّﻜﺤﺘﻟا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
!قاﱰﺣا ﺮﻄﺧ.ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺒﺗ ﻻ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا تﺎﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ راﺮﻏ ﲆﻋو
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﺿو ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ .ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ ﻲﻘﺒﺘﳌا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا دﺎﻔﻨﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ دﺎﻌﺑإ ﻞﺒﻗ
.رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جوﺮﺧ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﻲﻘﺒﺘﳌا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا زﺎﻬﺠﻟا دﺮﻄﻳ .( ) ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﺲﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو
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!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﻤﻴﻟا ﻮﺤﻧ رﺎﺴﻴﻟا ﻦﻣ ءﻂﺒﺑ ﻪّﻔﻟ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا وأ ءﺎﳌا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ ﻖﺷر ﳾﻼﺘﻟ
ﻪﺑﴐاو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺐﻠﻗا .(12 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺗ ةادأ ﻊﻓرا ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ
.ﻪﻨﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا تﺎﺒ ّ
ﺳﺮﺗ جوﺮﺧ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ راﺮﻜﺘﺑ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.رﺎﺨﺒﻟا قﻼﻃإ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا ،ىﺮﺧأ ةﺮﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ داﺪﻋإ تدرأ اذإ .ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﻳ نا ﻦﻜ ﻻ
ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ
ﻸﻣا .ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ةداﺪﺳ ّ
ﻚﻓ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ .( ) ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﺲﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﺿو ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ
ّ
ﻒﻟ .ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ ﺐﻜﺳأ .( ) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺰﻣﺮﺑ ﺒﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا
جﺮﺨﻳ :(14 ﻞﻜﺷ) ( ) رﺎﺨﺑ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﲆﻋ ﻢّﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ .(15 ﻞﻜﺷ) (K) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا عّزﻮﻣ ﺖﺤﺗ سﺄﻛ ﻊﺿ .ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ةداﺪﺳ
ﻊﺿو ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﲆﻋ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ .اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺑ لﻼﺧ ﻪﺗﻮﻗ دادﺰﺗ يﺬﻟا رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻊﻓﺪﻨﻳ ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻣو ،ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ﺔﻳاﺪﺒﻟا ﰲ
عّزﻮﻣ ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻰﺘﺣ ﺲﻄﻏأ .ﻪﻘﻔﺧ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ءﺎﻋو رﺎﺨﺒﻟا عّزﻮﻣ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻊﺿ .رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جوﺮﺧ ﻒﻗﻮﺗ ﻟ ( ) داﺪﻌﺘﺳﻻا
جوﺮﺧ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .(14 ﻞﻜﺷ) ( ) رﺎﺨﺑ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﲆﻋ ﻢّﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ .(16 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﺑإ ﻞﺧاد رﺎﺨﺒﻟا
.ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻟا ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ءﺎﻋو ّ
ﺾﺧ ﻢﺛ ،رﺎﺨﺒﻟا
ﻒّﻈﻧ ﻢﺛ ،ﺔﻠﻤﺘﺤﳌا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺐﻘﺜﻟا رّﺮﺤﺗ ﻟ اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺒﻟ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جﺮﺧأ ةّﺮﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻌﺑ
.ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺐ ّ
ﺳﺮﺗ ﺐّﻨﺠﺘﻟ ﺔﺒﻃر شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ عّزﻮﳌا
.
() ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﺲﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﲆﻋ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ ،ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮّﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
.ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ةﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟا هﺬﻫ رﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﺐﺠﻳ ،رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جوﺮﺧ رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ةﱰﻓ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺔﺸﻨﻠﻓ ﻦﻣ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﺚﻔﻧ اذإ
ةﺬﻳﺬﻠﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ داﺪﻋﻹ ةﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻧ
وأ ﺔﻠﻴﻘﺛ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ .ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ
ﻂﺒﻬﺗ ﻟ اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺑ ﱃإ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا جﺎﺘﺤﺗ .ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﲆﻋو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﺤﻃ ﺔﺟرد ﲆﻋ (ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻃﻮﻐﻀﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا وأ اﺪﺟ ﻢﻋﺎﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا نأ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ اﺬﻬﻓ ،ةﺪﳌا هﺬﻫ تداز اذإو .ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد
.ﺪﺋاز
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ لﻮﺼﻔﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟاو ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،هﺎﻧدأ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻣ ًﺎﻀﻳأ ﺪﺤﻟاو ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ ﻪﺘﻴﻟﺎّﻌﻓ ﲆﻋو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ
.ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻪﻔﻴﻈﻨﺗو ﻪﺘﻧﺎﻴﺻ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ،ﻪﻠﺧاد
.ﴍﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻣ ءﺎﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ًﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﺴﻐﺗ ﻻ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.درﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﻛ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ يﺬﻟا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ﲆﻐﻳ ءﺎﻣ جﺮﺧأ .(17 ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﺎﺷﺮﻔﻟا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺐﺠﻳ ةدوﺪﺴﻣ ﺎﻬﺗﺪﺟو اذإو ،بﻮﻘﺜﻟا داﺪﺴﻧا مﺪﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ﺔﻔﻠﺨﺘﳌا ﺐﺋاﻮﺸﻟا وأ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗو ﺔﺑاذإ ﻞﻜﺸﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ةﻮﻬﻗ نوﺪﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا لﺎﺧدإ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟذو ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا
90
AR
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ ﻖﺷر ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ﻒّﻠﺨﺘﳌا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا نﻷ ،ءﻂﺒﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأو ﻚﻓ
اوﻷا تﻻﺎﺴﻐﻟ ةدﺎﻋ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ يﺬﻟا يدﺎﻌﻟا ﻒّﻈﻨﳌا صﺮﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻣ رﻮﻬﺷ 3 ﻞﻛ ةﺮﻣ صﺮﺤﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟا ﺐﺴﺣ ﻚﻟذو ،(ﺔﻳوﻴﻛ تﺎﻓﺎﻀﻣ وأ ﻊﻴﻤﻠﺗ داﻮﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ نوﺪﺑ)
.(ةﻮﻬﻗ نوﺪﺑ) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎﺴﻐﺑ صﺎﺨﻟا ﻒّﻈﻨﳌا صﺮﻗ ﻞﺧدأ •
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺖﺤﺗ ءﺎﻋو ﻊﺿ .ﻪﺗﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷا •
ﺲﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﺿو ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ .ﺟﺎﻨﻓ 4 ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﺤﻟ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻸﻣا •
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ىﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺐﻜﺳأ .ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ةداﺪﺳ ﺢﺘﻓا .( ) ﻂﻐﻀﻟا
ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا جوﺮﺧ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .( ) ةﻮﻬﻗ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﺿو ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ •
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ جﺮﺨﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا . ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ّﺮﻘﻣ
كﺮﺗا .ءﺎﳌا جوﺮﺧ ﻒﻗﻮﺗ ﻟ ( ) داﺪﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﺿو ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﺿو ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ •
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻰﻘﺒﻳ نأ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ،ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 15 ةﺪﳌ ﻪﻟﻮﻌﻔﻣ ﺬﺧﺄﻳ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا صﺮﻗ
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ جﺮﺨﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﺔﺨﻀﳌا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا جاﺮﺧإ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻋأ •
.ﺟﺎﻨﻓ 4 ﺔﻌﺴﺑ ﻘﻳﺮﺑإ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﺴﻐﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻋأ •
.ﺔﻴﻔﻨﺤﻟا ﻦﻣ يرﺎﺠﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺖﺤﺗ ًاﺪﻴﺟ ﻪﻔﻄﺷأو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا .ءﻂﺒﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأ •
ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﻞﺼﻓأ .( ) ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﺲﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﲆﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﺿو ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ّ
ﻒﻟ •
.ﺔﻠﻤﺘﺤﳌا ﻒّﻈﻨﳌا تﺎﺒ ّ
ﺳﺮﺗ دﺎﻌﺑإ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷ ّﺮﻘﻣ ﺞﻨﻔﺳا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻒّﻈﻧو ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
ﲆﻋ جﺮﺧأو هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷاو ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞّﻐﺷ •
.ﻒﻄﺸﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﻤﺘﻜﺗ ﻟ ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﺑإ 2 ﻞﻗﻷا
. ّﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ رﻮﻬﺷ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﻞﻛ ةﺮﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءاﺮﺟإ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ﻲﻣﻮﻳ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ّﺮﻘﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫدﺎﻌﺑإ ﺐﺠﻳ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻚﺒﺸﻳ يﺬﻟا ّﺮﻘﳌا ﰲ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺜﺣ ﻒﻠﺨﺘﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﻣ
.(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷ نوﺪﺑ يﺮﺠﻳ ءﺎﳌا كﺮﺗ وأ (18 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺞﻨﻔﺳإ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣو نﺎﻨﺳﻷا ﺶﻜﻧ دﻮﻋ لﻌﺘﺳا
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا عّزﻮﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.قاﱰﺣﻻا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ درﺎﺑ موﺮﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﲇﻄﳌا بﻮﺒﻧﻷا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺎﻘﺣﻻ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﻊﺒﺗا
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا عّزﻮﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻦﻜ .يرﺎﺠﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺴﻏاو (19 ﻞﻜﺷ) (M) طﺎﻄﳌا ﺾﺒﻘ ﻪﻀﺒﻗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ (K) رﺎﺨﺒﻟا عزﻮﻣ ّ
ﻚﻓ
ﺐﻘﺛ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ سﻮﺑد ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ةروﴬﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ .رﺎﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا عّزﻮﻣ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺪﻋأ .ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ
.تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺐﻘﺜﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟ اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺒﻟ رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جﺮﺧأ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻢﺘﻳ ةﺮﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ .رﺎﺨﺒﻟا جوﺮﺧ
تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣو ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺞﻨﻔﺳا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ (G) طﺎﻘﻨﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺮﺧﻵاو ﺤﻟا ﺑ ﺮّﻛﺬﺗ
.يرﺎﺠﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺖﺤﺗ ﺎﻬﻠﺴﻏاو (H) ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻒﻠﺗ ﻦﻣ ًﺎﻓﻮﺧ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ ﺔﺒﻃر ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺘﺑﺎﺜﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒّﻈﻧ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا فﺎﻘﻳإ
ةﺮﻘﻓ ﻊﺟار) ﻪﻔّﻈﻧو تاﺮﻄﻘﻟا ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ضﻮﺣ غّﺮﻓ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻪﻠﺼﻓ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا فﺎﻘﻳإ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻪﻌﻴﻨﺼﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا داﻮﳌا ﻞﺼﻓ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻪﺗﺎﻴﺣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻌﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺺّﻠﺨﺘﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ .("زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ"
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺪﻠﺑ ﰲ ةﺪﺋﺎﺴﻟا ﻧاﻮﻘﻟاو تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﺐﺴﺣو ﺎﻬﺘﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟاو
91
AR
ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﺤﻟ تادﺎﺷرإ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ًارﻮﻓ ﺄﻔﻃأ ،ةّذﺎﺷ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺎﻣ ﻦﻜﻤﳌا ﺐﺒﺴﻟا ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌا
ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻸﻣا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻃأ .ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﺲﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﲆﻋ ّ
ﻒﻟ
غّﺮﻓ .ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ةداﺪﺳ ّ
ﻚﻓ .(رﺎﺨﺑ) ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا
ﻻ ﺔﺨﻀﳌا ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ءﺎﻣ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ
.ﻂﻔﺸﺗ
ﻦﻣ رﺎﺨﺑ جﺮﺨﻳ ﻻ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ﻢﻠﻘﻟا ﺐﻘﺛ داﺪﺴﻧا ﱃإ تدأ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ
.سﻮﺑد ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ
رﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﻪﻨﻣ جﺮﺨﻳ يﺬﻟا ﻢﻠﻘﻟا ﺐﻘﺛ
.دوﺪﺴﻣ
ﻒّﻠﺨﺘﳌا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا نﻷ ،ءﻂﺒﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأو ﻚﻓ
ّﺮﻘﻣ ﻒّﻈﻧ .ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ ﻖﺷر ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ
،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ .(18 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺞﻨﻔﺳإ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻚﺒﺸﻟا
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ﻞﻤﺘﺤﻳ
ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﻣ ﻣ ،ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﰲ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا
.ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻰﺘﺣ هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ّﺪﺷ
ﻦﻣ بّﴪﺘﺗ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺐﻧاﻮﺟ
ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻋا
.(18 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺞﻨﻔﺳا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ وأ نﺎﻨﺳأ ﺔﺷﺎّﻜﻧ
ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ ﲆﻋ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ
ﻚﺒﺸﻳ يﺬﻟا ّﺮﻘﳌا ﰲ ﺐﻛﺮﳌا بﴪﺘﻟا
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ
ﻒّﻠﺨﺘﳌا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا نﻷ ،ءﻂﺒﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأو ﻚﻓ
ﻒّﻈﻧ .ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ ﻖﺷر ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ
.سﻮّﺑد وأ ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ةدوﺪﺴﳌا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ
لﻌﺘﺳا صاﺮﻗأ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺴﻏا
تﻻﺎﺴﻐﻟ ةدﺎﻋ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ يﺬﻟا يدﺎﻌﻟا ﻒّﻈﻨﳌا صﺮﻗ
تﺎﻓﺎﻀﻣ وأ ﻊﻴﻤﻠﺗ داﻮﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ نوﺪﺑ) اوﻷا
.(ﺔﻳوﻴﻛ
ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﺑ ﻊﺿﻮﺗ يﺬﻟا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ
.ةدوﺪﺴﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ﻖّﻓﺪﺘﻳ ءﺎﳌا كﺮﺗاو ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ نوﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞّﻐﺷ
ﻏ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ بﻮﻘﺜﻟا ﻦﻣ جوﺮﺨﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﳌا ّﺮﻤﺘﺳا اذإ
.ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒ ّ
ﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ
ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا نﻮﻜﻴﻠﻴﺴﻟا صﺮﻗ بﻮﻘﺛ
.ةدوﺪﺴﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻚﺒﺷ ﺮﻘﻣ
وأ جﺮﺨﺗ ﻻ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
ءﻲﻄﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ جﺮﺨﺗ
.ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻠﻟ
ﻒّﻠﺨﺘﳌا ﻂﻐﻀﻟا نﻷ ،ءﻂﺒﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻌﺑأو ﻚﻓ
ﻒّﻈﻧ .ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﻖﻓﺪﺗ وأ ﻖﺷر ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ
.سﻮّﺑد وأ ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ةدوﺪﺴﳌا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ
صﺮﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا صاﺮﻗأ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺴﻏا
اوﻷا تﻻﺎﺴﻐﻟ ةدﺎﻋ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ يﺬﻟا يدﺎﻌﻟا ﻒّﻈﻨﳌا
.(ﺔﻳوﻴﻛ تﺎﻓﺎﻀﻣ وأ ﻊﻴﻤﻠﺗ داﻮﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ نوﺪﺑ)
ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﺑ ﻊﺿﻮﺗ يﺬﻟا ﱰﻠﻔﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ
.ةدوﺪﺴﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ﻦﺸﺧأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لوﺎﺣ .اﺪﺟ ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ﻞﻗأ لﺪﻌ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻂﻐﺿا ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻃﻮﻐﻀﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ﺪﺋاز
ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳو (ﺔﻠﻴﻘﺛ) ةﺰﻛﺮﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
.ﻢﻌﻧأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا
.اﺪﺟ ﻦﺸﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا اﺪﺟ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ةدرﺎﺑو
ﺪﺤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻛأ ءﺎﻣ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺐﻜﺴﺗ ﻻ
.ﺟﺎﻨﻓ 4 ﺰﻣﺮﺑ ﺒﳌا ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻺﻟ ﴡﻗﻷا
زوﺎﺠﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ عّزﻮﳌا ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا جﺮﺨﻳ
.ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا
ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا جﺮﺨﻳ اذﺎﻣ
ل
ﻪﺒﻜﺳأ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ عّزﻮﳌا
ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﺧاد