Ariete 4618 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for 4618 by Ariete which is a product in the Fryers category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
COD. 6195102000 REV. 0 del 21/11/2019
827070
15-20min
200 °C
20-25min
180 °C
15-20min
160 °C
20-30min
160 °C 20-25min
200 °C
10-20min
180 °C
15-20min
160 °C
Friggitrice ad aria
Air fryer
Friteuse sans huile
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Freidora de aire
Fritadeira sem óleo
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Ɏɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɚ
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Varmluftfrituregryde
De’ Longhi Appliances Srl
Divisione Commerciale Ariete
Via San Quirico, 300
50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI)
E-Mail: info@ariete.net
Internet: www.ariete.net
800-809065
4618
15-20min
200 °C
20-25min
180 °C
15-20min
160 °C
20-30min
160 °C
20-25min
200 °C
10-20min
180 °C
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8
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15
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Danger of damage originating from other causes
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SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLIANCE
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BEFORE USE
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Check that the domestic mains voltage is the same as the voltage indicated on the label of
the device.
Warning!
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16
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
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If the container is not inserted correctly the appliance does not start working.
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bit of smoke: don't worry, it's perfectly normal because some parts were lightly lubricated,
the phenomenon will disappear after a short time. This will have no effect on the operation
of the appliance.
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17
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Warning!
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Warning!
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To remove large or fragile ingredients from the basket use some tongs.
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prepare other ingredients.
Preparation tips
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Pre-set programs
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frozen chips
meat
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CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE
Warning!
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Warning!
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The container and the basket are non-stick: opacity and signs, that may appear after
prolonged use, are normal and do not affect cooking and food taste.
20
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28
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Conseils de préparation
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)UHYHQWXHOOH$QIUDJHQDQGHQDXWRULVLHUWHQ6HUYLFH &HQWHUVROOHQ 0RGHOOXQG 6HULHQQXPPHU
DQJHJHEHQZHUGHQ
VOR DER VERWENDUNG
'DV9HUSDFNXQJVPDWHULDODXVGHP*HUlWHQWIHUQHQ
'DV*HUlWDXIHLQHVWDELOHKRUL]RQWDOH)OlFKHXQGQLFKWLQGHU1lKHYRQ:DVVHUVWHOOHQDas Ge-
UlWPXVVDXIHLQHUIHVWHQIUKRKH7HPSHUDWXUHQJHHLJQHWHQ2EHUÀlFKHEHQXW]WXQGDEJHVWHOOW
ZHUGHQ
- 'DV$QVFKOXVVNDEHONRPSOHWWDXVUROOHQ
Überprüfen, ob die Netzspannung der Hausinstallation mit den Angaben auf dem Typen-
schild des Geräts entspricht.
Achtung!
'DV*HUlWPLQFPYRQ:lQGHQ0|EHOQRGHUDQGHUHQ*HUlWHQHQWIHUQWVWHOOHQ
9RUGHPHUVWHQ*HEUDXFKGHV*HUlWVGHQ%HKlOWHU'XQGGHQ.RUE+VSOHQ
'HQ*ULII(EHQXW]HQXPGHQ%HKlOWHUVDPW.RUEDXVGHP*HUlWHN|USHU&$EEKHUDXV-
]X]LHKHQ
'HQ6FKLHEHVFKDOWHU*JHJHQGHQ.RUE$EEVFKLHEHQ
- 'LH.RUEHQWVSHUUWDVWH)GUFNHQXQGJOHLFK]HLWLJGHQ.RUEDXVGHP%HKlOWHUHQWQHKPHQGD-
EHLQDFKREHQ]LHKHQ$EE
'HU%HKlOWHUXQGGHU.RUEGUIHQLQGHU6SOPDVFKLQHJHVSOWZHUGHQ$OWHUQDWLYNDQQPDQHLQ
QRUPDOH6SOPLWWHOXQGHLQHQZHLFKHQQLFKWVFKHXHUQGHQ6FKZDPPYHUZHQGHQ6LHK$EVDW]5HL-
QLJXQJGHV*HUlWV
37
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BEDIENUNGSANLEITUNG
'LH/HEHQVPLWWHOQLQGHQ.RUEJHEHQ'LH0$;0DUNLHUXQJQLFKWEHUVFKUHLWHQ
'HQ.RUELQGHQ%HKlOWHUHLQVFKLHEHQ'DVNRUUHNWH(LQVWHFNHQHUIROJWPLWHLQHP.OLFN$EE
%HZHJHQ6LHGHQ&XUVRU*LQ5LFKWXQJ*ULII
'HQ%HKlOWHULQGHQ*HUlWN|USHUHLQVFKLHEHQ
Wenn der Behälter nicht korrekt eingeschoben wurde, startet das Gerät nicht.
'HQ6WHFNHULQGLH6WURPVWHFNGRVHHLQVWHFNHQ
'UFNHQ6LHGLH(LQVWHOOWDVWHQGHU7HPSHUDWXU1XQGZlKOHQ6LHGLH.RFK]HLW
(VLVWP|JOLFK
GLH7HPSHUDWXU]ZLVFKHQ&XQG&LQ6FKULWWHQYRQ&HLQ]XVWHOOHQ
'UFNHQ6LHGLH(LQVWHOOWDVWHQGHU.RFK]HLW4XQGVWHOOHQ6LHGHQ7LPHUHLQ6LHN|QQHQGHQ
7LPHULQHLQPLQWLJHQ,QWHUYDOOHQYRQ0LQXWHELV0LQXWHQHLQVWHOOHQ
8PGLH$XVZDKOJHVFKZLQGLJNHLW]XHUK|KHQPVVHQGLH(LQVWHOOWDVWHQGHU=HLWXQGGHU7HPSHUD-
WXUJHGUFNWJHKDOWHQZHUGHQ
'UFNHQ6LHDOWHUQDWLYGLH$XVZDKOWDVWHGHU3URJUDPPH3:lKOHQ6LHGDV.RFKSURJUDPPGDV
GHU$UWGHUGDUJHVWHOOWHQ6SHLVHHQWVSULFKWVLHKH³=XEHUHLWXQJVWLSSV´IUGLH3URJUDPPGHWDLOV
7DVWH]XP(LQVFKDOWHQ$XVVFKDOWHQ2XPGDV.RFKHQ]XVWDUWHQ
'LH%HOIWXQJVDQ]HLJH.VFKDOWHWVLFKHLQXPDQ]X]HLJHQGDVVGDV%HOIWXQJVV\VWHPDNWL-
YLHUWZXUGH
'LH.RFKDQ]HLJH/VFKDOWHWVLFKHLQ
-
'DV*HUlWIlQJWDQGLH/HEHQVPLWWHOQ]XNRFKHQ
:lKUHQGGHV.RFKHQVNDQQPDQEHPHUNHQGDVVVLFKGLH.RFKDQ]HLJH/UHJHOPlLJHLQXQG
DXVVFKDOWHW'LHV]HLJWGLH7KHUPRVWDWHLQJULIIHDQGLHGLHULFKWLJH.RFKWHPSHUDWXUVLFKHUQ$XI
GHP'LVSOD\ZHFKVHOQVLFKGLH=HLWGLHDEQLPPWXQGGLHDXVJHZlKOWH7HPSHUDWXUDE8PGLH=HLW
XQGGLH7HPSHUDWXUZlKUHQGGHV.RFKHQVDE]XlQGHUQPVVHQ6LHGLH(LQVWHOOWDVWHQYHUZHQGHQ
'LH/XIW)ULWWHXVHNDQQIUGLH=XEHUHLWXQJHLQHUJURHQ9LHOIDOWYRQ/HEHQVPLWWHOQYHUZHQGHWZHU-
GHQ%LWWHDXIGDV5H]HSWEXFK%H]XJQHKPHQ
(VLVWP|JOLFKGLH/HEHQVPLWWHOIU0LQXWHQYRU]XKHL]HQEHYRUGLH.RFK]HLWHLQJHVWHOOWZLUG
RGHUGLUHNWGLH+HL]]HLWGHU.RFK]HLWKLQ]XIJHQ
Den Behälter nicht mit Öl füllen.
Den Korb nicht mit Lebensmitteln überfüllen. Die von der entsprechenden Stufe angegebe-
QHPD[LPDOH0HQJHHLQKDOWHQ
Beim ersten Gebrauch kann es passieren, dass das Gerät einen leichten Geruch und etwas
Rauch ausgibt: Keine Sorge! Das ist absolut normal, weil einige Teile leicht geschmiert
sind. Nach einiger Zeit wird den Geruch verschwinden. Dies hat keine Einwirkung auf der
Betriebsweise des Geräts.
'DV*HUlWGDUIZlKUHQGGHV%HWULHEHVDXI3DXVHHLQJHVFKDOWHWZHUGHQ]XP%HLVSLHOXPGLH
=XWDWHQZlKUHQGGHV.RFKSUR]HVVHV]XPLVFKHQ
'HQ*ULIIYHUZHQGHQXPGHQ%HKlOWHUKHUDXV]X]LHKHQGDEHLQDFKDXHQ]LHKHQ'DV*HUlW
VFKDOWHWVLFKDXV
'HQ%HKlOWHUVFKWWHOQGDPLWGLH/HEHQVPLWWHOQJOHLFKPlLJNRFKHQ
8PGDV*HUlWZLHGHULQ%HWULHE]XVHW]HQGHQ%HKlOWHULQVHLQHQ6LW]HLQVFKLHEHQ
Achtung!
9HUEUHQQXQJVJHIDKU%HUKUHQ6LHQLFKWGHQ%HKlOWHUGHQ.RUEXQGGLH0HWDOOWHLOHGHV*HUlWV
9HUEUHQQXQJVJHIDKU%HLP6FKWWHOQGHV%HKlOWHUVGLH6SHUUWDVWHGHV.RUEHVQLFKWGUFNHQ
38
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9HUEUHQQXQJVJHIDKU %HLP +HUDXV]LHKHQ GHV %HKlOWHUV DXV GHP *HUlWHN|USHUV ZHUGHQ
DXFKKHLH/XIWXQG'DPSIDXVJHVWRHQ+lQGHXQG*HVLFKWZHLWYRP%HKlOWHUKDOWHQ
$P(QGHGHV.RFKYRUJDQJHVJLEWGDV*HUlWHLQH%HHS7RQDXVXQGVFKDOWHWVLFKDXWRPDWLVFKDXV
:HQQGLH=XWDWHQQLFKWIHUWLJVLQGUHLFKWHVGHQ%HKlOWHUZLHGHULQGDV*HUlWHLQ]XVHW]HQXQGGHQ
7LPHUDXIHLQLJH0LQXWHQHLQ]XVWHOOHQ
8PGDV*HUlWPDQXHOODXV]XVFKDOWHQPVVHQ6LHGLH(LQVFKDOW$XVVFKDOWWDVWH2GUFNHQ'LH
.RFKDQ]HLJH/VFKDOWHWVLFKDXV'DV%HOIWXQJVV\VWHPVWRSSWHLQLJH$XJHQEOLFNHVSlWHU
'HQ%HKlOWHUKHUDXV]LHKHQ
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'LH.RUEHQWVSHUUWDVWH)GUFNHQXQGJOHLFK]HLWLJGHQ.RUEDXVGHP%HKlOWHUHQWQHKPHQGD-
EHLQDFKREHQ]LHKHQ$EE
'LH/HEHQVPLWWHOQDXIHLQ7HOOHUJHEHQ6HUYLHUHQ
Achtung!
9HUEUHQQXQJVJHIDKU'HQ%HKlOWHUGHQ.RUEXQGGLHPHWDOOLVFKHQ7HLOHQGHV*HUlWVHLQLJH
0LQXWHQQDFKGHP$XVVFKDOWHQQLFKWDQIDVVHQ:DUWHQELVGLHKHLHQ7HLOHDEJHNKOWVLQG
6LFKHUVWHOOHQ GDVV GLH PLW GHP *HUlW JHNRFKWHQ /HEHQVPLWWHOQ JROGJHOE VLQG XQG QLFKW
VFKZDU]RGHUEUDXQ'LHHYHQWXHOOHQ9HUEUHQQXQJVUHVWHDXVGHQ/HEHQVPLWWHOQHQWIHUQHQ
Um die großen oder zerbrechlichen Lebensmitteln aus dem Korb herauszuziehen, geeigne-
te Lebensmittelzangen verwenden.
'HQHYHQWXHOOHQgOEHUÁXVVZLUGDP%RGHQGHV%HKlOWHUJHVDPPHOW
Wenn Sie mit dem Kochen der Lebensmitteln fertig sind, kann das Gerät zur Vorbereitung
anderer Lebensmitteln verwendet werden.
Vorbereitungsratschläge
(YHQWXHOONDQQPDQGDV*HUlWRKQH=XWDWHQYRUZlUPHQ
'UFNHQ6LHGLH(LQVWHOOWDVWHQGHU7HPSHUDWXU1XQGZlKOHQ6LHGLH.RFK]HLW
'UFNHQ6LHGLH(LQVWHOOWDVWHQGHU.RFK]HLW4XQGVWHOOHQ6LHGHQ7LPHUDXIPHKUDOVGUHL
0LQXWHQHLQ
'UFNHQ6LHGLH7DVWH]XP(LQVFKDOWHQ$XVVFKDOWHQ2
'DV*HUlWOlXIW
'LHNOHLQHUHQ/HEHQVPLWWHOQEUDXFKHQHLQHNU]HUH.RFK]HLWLP9HUJOHLFK]XGHQJU|HUHQ
(LQHJU|HUH0HQJHDQ=XWDWHQHUIRUGHUWHLQHHWZDVOlQJHUH=XEHUHLWXQJV]HLWZlKUHQGHLQHJH-
ULQJHUHU0HQJHHLQHHWZDVJHULQJHUH=HLWEHQ|WLJW
'DV0LVFKHQGHUNOHLQHUHQ=XWDWHQEHLGHU+lOIWHGHU.RFK]HLWYHUHLQIDFKWHLQJOHLFKPlLJHV.R-
FKHUJHEQLV
)JHQ6LHIUHLQNQXVSULJHV(UJHEQLVHLQHQ(VVO|IIHOgOGHQIULVFKHQRGHUJHIURUHQHQ.DUWRIIHOQ
KLQ]X
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8PNQXVSULJH&KLSV]XEHUHLWHQ]XN|QQHQLVWGLHRSWLPDOH.DUWRIIHOPHQJHHWZDNJ
9HUZHQGHQ 6LHIHUWLJH 7HLJZDUHQ XP JHIOOWH 6QDFNV OHLFKW XQG VFKQHOOYRU]XEHUHLWHQ )HUQHU
NRFKHQGLHVFKRQIHUWLJH7HLJZDUHQVFKQHOOHUDOVGLH+DXVJHPDFKWHQ
39
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Voreingestellte Programme
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KDQGHQVLQG
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gefrorene Pommes
Frites
Fleisch
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6LJNHLWHQ
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Fisch
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]HLWHLQJHVWHOOWGLHDXI*UXQGODJHGHU$UWGHV/HEHQVPLWWHOVHPSIRKOHQZLUG'LH.RFK]HLWLVWLQ-
GLNDWLYXQGKlQJWYRQGHU'LFNHXQGGHU0HQJHGHU/HEHQVPLWWHOQDE(VLVWP|JOLFKGLH=HLWXQG
7HPSHUDWXUDXFKYRQYRUHLQJHVWHOOWHQ.RFKSURJUDPPHQ]XYHUlQGHUQ
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=ZHLWHV.RFKHQ0LQXWHQ
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40
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Fisch ±0LQXWHQ
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DXWRPDWLVFKDXV8PGDV*HUlWPDQXHOODXV]XVFKDOWHQPVVHQ6LHGLH(LQVFKDOW$XVVFKDOWWDVWH
2GUFNHQ'LH.RFKDQ]HLJH/VFKDOWHWVLFKDXV'DV%HOIWXQJVV\VWHPVWRSSWHLQLJH$XJHQEOLFNH
VSlWHU
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REINIGUNG UND WARTUNG
Achtung!
%HYRU6LHGDV*HUlWUHLQLJHQGHQ6WHFNHUDXVGHU6WHFNGRVH]LHKHQ-HGHU(LQJULIIVROOEHLP
NDOWHQ*HUlWHUIROJHQ
Achtung!
'DV*HUlWQLHLQV:DVVHURGHUDQGHUH)OVVLJNHLWHQWDXFKHQ
Achtung!
9RUGHP*HEUDXFKGHQ=XVWDQGGHV*HUlWHVWURPNDEHOVUHJHOPlLJSUIHQ)DOOVGLHVEH-
VFKlGLJWLVWGDV.DEHOEHLHLQHP]XVWlQGLJHQ6HUYLFH&HQWHUQXUGXUFK)DFKSHUVRQDOHUVHW-
]HQODVVHQ
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Reinigung des Geräts
'LH3ODVWLNWHLOHPLWHLQHPIHXFKWHQQLFKWVFKHXHUQGHQ7XFKUHLQLJHQXQGPLWHLQHPWURFNHQHQ
7XFKWURFNQHQ
'DV,QQHUHGHV*HUlWPLWHLQHPQLFKWVFKHXHUHQGHQPLW:DVVHUGXUFKWUlQNWHP7XFKZLVFKHQ'LH
2EHUÀlFKHQWURFNQHQ
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Reinigung der Bestandteile
'HU%HKlOWHUXQGGHU.RUEGUIHQLQGHU6SOPDVFKLQHJHVSOWZHUGHQ$OWHUQDWLYNDQQPDQHLQ
QRUPDOH6SOPLWWHOXQGHLQHQZHLFKHQQLFKWVFKHXHUQGHQ6FKZDPPYHUZHQGHQ
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EHLQDFKREHQ]LHKHQ$EE
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einer gewissen Zeit matt werden. Dies ist nach einem verlängertem Gebrauch absolut nor-
mal und beeinträchtigt nicht die Kochresultate und das Geschmack der gekochten Lebens-
mitteln.
41
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WAS TUN, WENN ES PROBLEME GIBT
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42
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43
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A PROPÓSITO DE ESTE MANUAL
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RIESGOS RESTANTES
¡Atención!
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ADVERTENCIAS DE SEGURIDAD
LEA ATENTAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES.
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SHUVRQDV
(ODSDUDWRFXPSOHFRQHOUHJODPHQWR(&1GHOUHODWLYR
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Peligro para los niños
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RPHQWDOHVOLPLWDGDVRFRQHVFDVRVH[SHULHQFLDRFRQRFLPLHQWRSXHGHQXWLOL]DU
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Advertencia relativa a quemaduras
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Atención – daños materiales
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46
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GUARDE SIEMPRE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES.
47
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DESCRIPCIÓN DEL APARATO
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, &DEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
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ANTES DE UTILIZAR EL APARATO
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Controle que la tensión de la red doméstica sea igual que la indicada en la tarjeta con los
datos técnicos del aparato.
¡Atención!
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48
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INSTRUCCIONES DE USO
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Si el no se ha colocado el contenedor en el modo correcto , el aparato no se pone en marcha.
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El aparato empieza a cocer los alimentos
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SHULyGLFDPHQWH(VWRHVGHELGRDTXHHOWHUPRVWDWRLQWHUYLHQHSDUDPDQWHQHUODWHPSHUDWXUDGH
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3DUDFDPELDUHOWLHPSR\ODWHPSHUDWXUDGXUDQWHODFRFFLyQXWLOLFHODVWHFODVGHSURJUDPDFLyQ
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No llene el contenedor con aceite.
1R VREUHFDUJXH OD FHVWD FRQ PXFKD FRPLGD 5HVSHWH OD FDQWLGDG Pi[LPD SHUPLWLGD
indicada por la marca.
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humo: no hay que preocuparse, es perfectamente normal ya que algunas partes han sido
ligeramente engrasadas, después de poco tiempo el fenómeno desaparece. Esto no afectará
al funcionamiento del aparato.
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49
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¡Atención!
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HQIUtHQ
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PDUURQHV(OLPLQHGHORVDOLPHQWRVORVHYHQWXDOHVUHVWRVGHTXHPDGR
Para sacar los ingredientes anchos o frágiles de la cesta, utilice pinzas para alimentos.
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Cuando haya terminado de cocinar los ingredientes, el aparato se puede volver a utilizar
inmediatamente para preparar otros alimentos.
Consejos de preparación
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FRFFLyQXQLIRUPH
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50
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Programas preestablecidos
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sabor de los alimentos.
52
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A PROPÓSITO DESTE MANUAL
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55
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56
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57
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Atenção - danos materiais
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58
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técnicos do aparelho.
Atenção!
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DSDUHOKRV
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-
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JDVHSHULRGLFDPHQWH,VWRLQGLFDDVDWLYDo}HVGRWHUPRVWDWRTXHPDQWpPDWHPSHUDWXUDFRUUHWD
GHFR]HGXUD1RGLVSOD\VmRYLVXDOL]DGRVGHPRGRDOWHUQDGRRWHPSRTXHHVWiDGLPLQXLUHD
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WHFODVGHSURJUDPDomR
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eSRVVtYHOSUpDTXHFHURVDOLPHQWRVSRUPLQXWRVDQWHVGHSURJUDPDURWHPSRGHFR]HGXUDRX
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da indicada pelo nível.
Quando utilizar o aparelho pela primeira vez, pode-se sentir um pouco de cheiro de fumaça:
QmRVHSUHRFXSHLVWRpSHUIHLWDPHQWHQRUPDOSRLVDOJXPDVSHoDVIRUDPOHYHPHQWHOXEUL-
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funcionamento do aparelho.
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WXUDURVLQJUHGLHQWHVGXUDQWHRSURFHVVRGHFR]HGXUD
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3DUDUHWRPDURIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRDSDUHOKRLQVHULURUHFLSLHQWHHPVXDVHGH
60
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Para remover os ingredientes largos ou frágeis do cesto deve-se usar pinças para alimentos.
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Conselhos de preparação
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61
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Limpeza dos componentes
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67
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68
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Let op – schade aan materialen
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BEWAAR DEZE INSTRUCTIES ALTIJD.
69
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BESCHRIJVING VAN HET APPARAAT
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=HWGHPDFKLQHRSHHQYODNRSSHUYODNHQXLWGHEXXUWYDQZDWHUHet apparaat moet op een
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- :LNNHOKHWVWURRPVQRHUKHOHPDDODI
Controleer of de netspanning in huis dezelfde is als die op het plaatje met technische
gegevens van het apparaat.
Let op!
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70
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GEBRUIKSAANWIJZING
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Als de bak niet goed is aangebracht begint het apparaat niet te werken.
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-
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RSZDUPWLMGGLUHFWELMGHDLUIU\WLMGRSWHOOHQ
Doe geen olie in de bak.
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aangegeven hoeveelheid in acht.
Wanneer u het apparaat voor het eerst gebruikt, kan het gebeuren dat het een lichte
rooklucht afgeeft: Geen zorg! Het is perfect normaal, omdat sommige onderdelen lichtelijk
zijn gesmeerd. Na korte tijd zal dit verschijnsel verdwijnen. Dit heeft geen enkele invloed op
de werking van het apparaat.
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71
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Let op!
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DSSDUDDW
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Let op!
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DDQGHEDNKHWIULWHXVHPDQGMHHQGHPHWDOHQGHOHQYDQKHWDSSDUDDW:DFKWWRWGHZDUPH
GHOHQDIJHNRHOG]LMQ
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]ZDUWRIEUXLQ9HUZLMGHUHYHQWXHOHYHUEUDQGHUHVWHQXLWGHHWHQVZDUHQ
Om de brede of breekbare ingrediënten uit het friteusemandje te halen, gebruikt u de tang.
Een eventueel teveel aan olie wordt op de bodem van de bak opgevangen.
Wanneer u klaar bent met het bereiden van de ingrediënten, kan het apparaat meteen
opnieuw worden gebruikt om andere etenswaren te bereiden.
Bereidingstips
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72
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Vooringestelde programma's
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73
NL
9DUNHQVNRWHOHW ±PLQXWHQ
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REINIGING EN ONDERHOUD
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ƴƸƧƵƫƬƣƮƧƵƱƲƣƳƱƯƧƥƸƧƫƳƫƦƫƱ
ȂȠȜȠȞȩIJȚȠȚıȣıțİȣȑȢțĮIJĮıțİȣȐıIJȘțĮȞıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮijȑȢIJȦȞțİȓȝİȞȦȞİȣȡȦʌĮȧțȫȞ
įȚĮIJȐȟİȦȞțĮȚțĮIJȐıȣȞȑʌİȚĮİȓȞĮȚʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣȝȑȞİȢıİȩȜĮIJĮįȣȞȘIJȚțȐİʌȚțȓȞįȣȞĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
įȚĮȕȐıIJİʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐIJȚȢʌȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢțĮȚȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȠȞȐȤĮ
ȖȚĮIJȠıțȠʌȩʌȠȣʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮțĮȚȗȘȝȚȑȢĭȣȜȐȟIJİʌȡȩȤİȚȡȠIJȠ
İȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠĮȣIJȩȖȚĮȞĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮIJȠıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȪİıIJİıIJȠȝȑȜȜȠȞǹȞʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮįȫıİIJİIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒıİțȐʌȠȚȠȐȜȜȠȐIJȠȝȠșȣȝȘșİȓIJİȞĮIJȠȣʌĮȡĮįȫıİIJİȝĮȗȓțĮȚIJȠʌĮȡȩȞİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ
ȅȚʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢijȑȡȠȣȞIJĮʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıȪȝȕȠȜĮʌȠȣıȘȝĮȓȞȠȣȞ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȖȚĮIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐ
ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȓȘıȘȖȚĮİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
ȆȡȠıȠȤȒ±ȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȗȘȝȚȐȢĮʌȩįȚȐijȠȡİȢȐȜȜİȢĮȚIJȓİȢ
ƲƳƱƤƭƧƲƱƮƧƯƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȞĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȥİIJİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞİȓȞĮȚ
țĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘ ȖȚĮ IJȠ ȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮ ȣȖȡȫȞ IJȡȠijȓȝȦȞ ǹȞ ȤȡİȚĮıIJİȓ ȞĮ ʌȡȠıșȑıİIJİ ȝȚțȡȑȢ ʌȠıȩIJȘIJİȢ
ȣȖȡȠȪ ȝʌȠȡİȓIJİ ȞĮ IJȠ țȐȞİIJİ ʌȠȜȪ ʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐ ĮijȠȪ ȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİ ʌȦȢ IJĮ ıIJİȡİȐ IJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ȑȤȠȣȞĮʌȠȡȡȠijȒıİȚIJȠȣȖȡȩʌȡȠIJȠȪʌȡȠıșȑıİIJİțĮȚȐȜȜȠǹȞȕȐȜİIJİȝİȖȐȜȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȣȖȡȠȪ
ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ ȣʌİȡȤİȚȜȓıİȚ ıİ įȚȐijȠȡĮ ıȘȝİȓĮ IJȘȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢ țĮȚ ȞĮ įȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȒıİȚ ʌȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ
ıIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȒțĮȚȗȘȝȚȑȢıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠȞ
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ijȪıȘȢʌȠȣȠijİȓȜȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢǾIJȡȠʌȠʌȠȓȘıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȑȤİȚ
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ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȓȘıȘ ȖȚĮ İȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ ȂȘȞ ĮȖȖȓȗİIJİ IJȠ țĮȜȐșȚ IJȠȞ țȐįȠ țĮȚ IJĮ
İıȦIJİȡȚțȐȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȖȚĮȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐĮijȩIJȠȣȑȤİȚıȕȒıİȚ
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıȠȣȞȠȚȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƫƴƣƴƷƣƭƧƫƣƴ
ǼȀǺǻǺȉȊǽȇȈȆȉǽȁȊȀȁǺȊȀȉȇǺȈǺȁǺȊȎȆǼǿĬȀǽȉ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȣIJȒʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȖȚĮȤȡȒıȘİȠȚțȚĮțȑȢİijĮȡȝȠȖȑȢțĮȚʌĮȡȩȝȠȚİȢȩʌȦȢ
ıİȝȚțȡȑȢțȠȣȗȓȞİȢȖȚĮIJȠʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȩıIJĮțĮIJĮıIJȒȝĮIJĮIJĮȖȡĮijİȓĮțĮȚȐȜȜȠȣȢ
İʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢȤȫȡȠȣȢ
ıIJĮĮȖȡȠțIJȒȝĮIJĮ
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ȈIJĮIJȠȣȡȚıIJȚțȐțĮIJĮȜȪȝĮIJĮIJȪʌȠȣįȚĮȞȣțIJȑȡİȣıȘȝİʌȡȦȧȞȩEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
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țȐʌȠȚĮȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘʌȠȣįİȞĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞ
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ȩIJȚįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚįȦȡİȐȞIJİȤȞȚțȒȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȖȚĮIJȚȢȗȘȝȚȑȢʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘțĮȞ
Įʌȩ ĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘ ıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮ IJȠȣ ʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢ țĮIJȐ IJȘȞ ĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒ Įʌȩ ȑȞĮ
İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
Ǿ ȤȡȒıȘ İȟĮȡIJȘȝȐIJȦȞ ʌȠȣ įİȞ ıȣȞȚıIJȐ Ȓ įİȞ ȑȤİȚ ʌȡȠȝȘșİȪıİȚ Ƞ
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ȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢȒIJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒıȣȝȝȠȡijȫȞİIJĮȚȝİIJȘȞȠįȘȖȓĮǼȀȊʌĮȡIJȘȢ
ʌİȡȓȣȜȚțȫȞıİİʌĮijȒȝİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓDŽNJǂǕǂǍNJNjǒƽǑǂNJDžNJƽ
ǹʌĮȖȠȡİȪİIJĮȚȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦĮʌȩİIJȫȞțĮȚȐIJȠȝĮ
ȝİİȚįȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȒĮʌȩȐIJȠȝĮʌȠȣįİȞȑȤȠȣȞIJȘȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘʌİȓȡĮİțIJȩȢ
țĮȚĮȞİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȣʌİȪșȣȞȠʌȠȣȑȤİȚįȚĮȕȐıİȚțĮȚțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚIJȚȢ
ȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
IJĮʌĮȚįȚȐįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮȡȝȠįȚȩIJȘIJĮ
IJȠȣȤȡȒıIJȘįİȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌȠȞIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞİʌȓȕȜİȥȘ
İȞȩȢİȞȒȜȚțĮ
ȀȡĮIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮ
IJȦȞİIJȫȞ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȑIJıȚȫıIJİIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮȝȘȞijIJȐȞȠȣȞȞĮĮȖȖȓȟȠȣȞ
IJĮțĮȣIJȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢ
ȉĮ ȣȜȚțȐ ıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢ įİȞ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ İȖțĮIJĮȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚ ıIJȘ įȚȐșİıȘ ȝȚțȡȫȞ
ʌĮȚįȚȫȞįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ȆȡȠıȑȟIJİ IJĮ ȝȚțȡȐ ʌĮȚįȚȐ ȞĮ ȝȘ ȡȓȟȠȣȞ țȐIJȦ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ʌȚȐȞȠȞIJĮȢ IJȠ
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİ ȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮIJȘȞ ĮȤȡȘıIJİȪıİIJİțȩȕȠȞIJĮȢ
IJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣȞĮIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȖȚĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐ
ʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƲǒǐdžNJDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjDŽNJǂdžDŽNjǂǞǍǂǕǂ
ȂȘȞ ĮȖȖȓȗİIJİ IJȠ țĮȜȐșȚ IJȠȞ țȐįȠ țĮȚ IJĮ İıȦIJİȡȚțȐ ȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐ ȝȑȡȘ IJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢ ȖȚĮ ȜȓȖĮ ȜİʌIJȐ ĮijȩIJȠȣ ȑȤİȚ ıȕȒıİȚ ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİ ȞĮ țȡȣȫıȠȣȞ ȠȚ
ȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ
ȆȡȚȞțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒįȚĮțȩȥIJİIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞ
ʌȡȓȗĮțĮȚĮijȒıIJİIJȘȞȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚ
ȂȘȝİIJĮțȚȞİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȩIJĮȞʌİȡȚȑȤİȚĮțȩȝĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ȂȘȞĮȞȐȕİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞįİȞʌİȡȚȑȤİȚIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
78
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ȉĮ ȣȜȚțȐ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ IJȠʌȠșİIJȠȪȞIJĮȚ ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐ ȝȑıĮ ıIJȠ țĮȜȐșȚȖȚĮȞĮ
ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJİȓIJȠİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠȞĮȑȜșȠȣȞıİİʌĮijȒIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮȝİIJȚȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȑȢ
ĮȞIJȚıIJȐıİȚȢ
ȂȘȞijȡȐȗİIJİIJȚȢʌĮȡȠȤȑȢĮȑȡĮ
ȂȘȖİȝȓȗİIJİȝİȜȐįȚIJȠȞțȐįȠȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢʌȣȡțĮȖȚȐȢ
ǵIJĮȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȘıȣıțİȣȒȗİıIJȩȢĮȑȡĮțĮȚĮIJȝȩȢȕȖĮȓȞȠȣȞĮʌȩIJȠȞĮİȡĮȖȦȖȩ
ȃĮțȡĮIJȐIJİIJĮȤȑȡȚĮțĮȚIJȠʌȡȩıȦʌȩıĮȢȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩIJȠȞĮİȡĮȖȦȖȩ
ǵIJĮȞȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠĮʌȩIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢİțʌȑȝʌȠȞIJĮȚȗİıIJȩȢĮIJȝȩȢ
țĮȚĮȑȡĮȢȀȡĮIJȒıIJİIJĮȤȑȡȚĮțĮȚIJȠʌȡȩıȦʌȠȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩIJȠȞțȐįȠ
ȈȕȒıIJİĮȝȑıȦȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞ ȕȖĮȓȞİȚȝĮȪȡȠȢ țĮʌȞȩȢĮʌȩIJȠȞ ĮİȡĮȖȦȖȩ
ǺȖȐȜIJİ IJȠ ijȚȢ Įʌȩ IJȘȞ ʌȡȓȗĮ ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİ ȞĮ ıIJĮȝĮIJȒıİȚ ȞĮ ȕȖĮȓȞİȚ ȝĮȪȡȠȢ
țĮʌȞȩȢĮʌȩIJȠȞĮİȡĮȖȦȖȩǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠĮʌȩIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȆȡȠıȠȤȒȗİıIJȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȆȡȚȞȕȐȜİIJİ IJȠ ijȚȢIJȠȣ țĮȜȦįȓȠȣ ıIJȘȞ ʌȡȓȗĮȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİ ʌȦȢ ȘIJȐıȘ ʌȠȣ
ĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮIJİȤȞȚțȫȞȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȫȞIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓ
ıIJȘȞIJȐıȘIJȠȣįȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢ
ǹȞ Ș ıȣıțİȣȒ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓ ıİ ȝȚĮ ȤȫȡĮ įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȒ Įʌȩ IJȘ ȤȫȡĮ ʌȠȣ
IJȘȞ ĮȖȠȡȐıĮIJİ ȗȘIJȒıIJİ ȞĮ ȖȓȞİȚ ȑȜİȖȤȠȢ ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢ ıȣȝȕĮIJȩIJȘIJĮȢ ıİ ȑȞĮ
ǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢıȑȡȕȚȢ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȝȚĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚ
țĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȖȚĮIJȘȞȚıȤȪIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢ
ȖȚĮIJȠȤȡȒıIJȘțĮȚȖȚĮIJȘȞĮıijȐȜİȚĮIJȠȣȤȫȡȠȣıĮȢ
ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȐȞIJĮȝȚĮȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘʌȡȓȗĮ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝİȕȡİȖȝȑȞĮȤȑȡȚĮȒȟȣʌȩȜȘIJȠȚ
ȂȘȞ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ĮȞ ȑȤİȚ ȗȘȝȚȐ IJȠ țĮȜȫįȚȠ Ȓ IJȠ ijȚȢ Ȓ ĮȞ
ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚİȜȐIJIJȦȝĮȘıȣıțİȣȒǵȜİȢȠȚİʌȚıțİȣȑȢțĮȚȘĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣ
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐĮʌȩİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮ
țȑȞIJȡĮ IJİȤȞȚțȒȢ ȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢ ȈȑȡȕȚȢ Ȓ Įʌȩ IJİȤȞȚțȠȪȢ IJȘȢ $ULHWH ȫıIJİ ȞĮ
ĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ȂȘıȣȞįȑİIJİțĮȝȓĮȐȜȜȘıȣıțİȣȒȣȥȘȜȒȢȚıȤȪȠȢıȩȝʌİȢıȓįİȡĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐ
țĮȜȠȡȚijȑȡțȜʌıIJȘȞȓįȚĮʌȡȓȗĮȡİȪȝĮIJȠȢȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢȣʌİȡijȩȡIJȦıȘȢ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȑȡȤȠȞIJĮȚıİİʌĮijȒȝİȗİıIJȑȢ
İʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ȂȘȞIJȡĮȕȐIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȖȚĮȞĮIJȠȕȖȐȜİIJİĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȉȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȡȓȕİIJĮȚıİĮȚȤȝȘȡȑȢȖȦȞȚȑȢȒȐȜȜĮĮȚȤȝȘȡȐ
ĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮ
ȂȘȝİIJĮțȚȞİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȡĮȕȫȞIJĮȢIJȘȞĮʌȩIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮıİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘțĮIJĮȚȖȓįĮȢ
79
EL
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȆȡȚȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮȟİIJȣȜȓȖİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ǻİȞ İʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJĮȚ Ș ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒ IJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘ IJȘȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢ ȝȑıȦ İȟȦIJİȡȚțȠȪ
ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȒȐȜȜȦȞIJȘȜİȤİȚȡȚıIJȘȡȓȦȞ
ȆȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣȞĮȝȘȞİʌȘȡİȐıİIJİIJȘȞĮıijȐȜİȚĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ
ʌȐȞIJĮ ȖȞȒıȚĮ ĮȞIJĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐ țĮȚ İȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ ʌȠȣ İȓȞĮȚ İȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞĮ Įʌȩ IJȠȞ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓ
ĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıİȚțĮȚİijȩıȠȞȑȤİIJİȕȖȐȜİȚIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȂȘ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑįȚĮȜȪIJİȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞȠȣȞȗȘȝȚȐıIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐ
ȂȘȞIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțȠȞIJȐıİİȪijȜİțIJĮȣȜȚțȐȣijȐıȝĮIJĮțȠȣȡIJȓȞİȢ
ȃĮ ȕȖȐȗİIJİ ʌȐȞIJĮ IJȠ ijȚȢ IJȠȣ țĮȜȦįȓȠȣ Įʌȩ IJȘȞ ʌȡȓȗĮ ʌȡȚȞ ijȣȜȐȟİIJİ IJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮțȡȣȫıȠȣȞIJĮȗİıIJȐȝȑȡȘ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıİĮIJȝȠıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢȕȡȠȤȒ
ȒȜȚȠțȜʌ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȣʌĮȓșȡȚȠȤȫȡȠ
ȂȘȞ ĮʌȠıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖİȓIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ǻİȞ ȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞ İıȦIJİȡȚțȐ İȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ʌȠȣȤȡİȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩ
ĭȣȜȐȟIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮįȡȠıİȡȩȤȫȡȠȤȦȡȓȢȣȖȡĮıȓĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLJLjǍNJƽǓǂǑǝDžNJƽǗǐǒdžǓƽnjnjdžǓǂNJǕǀdžǓ
ȃĮĮȞȐȕİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȩȞȠȞȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚıIJȘıȦıIJȒșȑıȘ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȩIJĮȞĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİıIJİĮʌȩIJȠȤȫȡȠʌȠȣ
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ
ǹȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȣȞșİȓIJİȑıIJȦțĮȚȖȚĮȜȓȖȘȫȡĮȞĮıȕȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
țĮȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
īȚĮIJȘıȦıIJȒįȚȐșİıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȘȞǼȣȡȦʌĮȧțȒȅįȘȖȓĮ
(ǼıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮįȚĮȕȐıİIJİIJȠİȚįȚțȩȑȞIJȣʌȠʌȠȣʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚ
ȝĮȗȓȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƷƶƭƣưƵƧƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƣƶƵƧƴ
80
EL
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
$ǹİȡĮȖȦȖȩȢ - ȆȡȠȖȡȐȝȝĮIJĮ
%ȆȓȞĮțĮȢȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪİʌĮijȒȢ .ǼȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮȑȡĮ
&ȈȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ / ǼȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
'ȀȐįȠȢ 0ǹʌİȚțȩȞȚıȘIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣțĮȚIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ
(ȋİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ 1ȆȜȒțIJȡĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ
)ȆȜȒțIJȡȠĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪ 2ȆȜȒțIJȡȠʌȠȣĮȞȐȕİȚțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
*ǻȡȠȝȑĮȢ 3ȆȜȒțIJȡȠİʌȚȜȠȖȒȢʌȡȠȖȡȐȝȝĮIJȠȢ
+ȀĮȜȐșȚ 4ȆȜȒțIJȡĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
, ȀĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ƴǕǐNJǘdžǀǂǂǎǂDŽǎǟǒNJǔLjǓ
ȈIJȘȞ ʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ ʌȠȣ ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ țȐIJȦ Įʌȩ IJȘ ȕȐıȘ ȑįȡĮıȘȢ IJȘȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢ ĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚ IJĮ
ʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıIJȠȚȤİȓĮĮȞĮȖȞȫȡȚıȘȢ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢțĮȚıȒȝĮȞıȘ&(ǼȅȀ
ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠȂȠG
ĮȡıİȚȡȐȢ61
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘȢ9țĮȚıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ+]
țĮIJĮȞĮȜȚıțȩȝİȞȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȚıȤȪȢ:
ʌȡȐıȚȞȠIJȘȜȑijȦȞȠįȦȡİȐȞțȜȒıȘIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘ
ǵIJĮȞĮʌİȣșȪȞİıIJİıIJĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȞĮĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠȝȠȞIJȑȜȠ
țĮȚIJȠȞĮȡȚșȝȩıİȚȡȐȢIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢ
ƲƳƫƯƣƲƱƵƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ʌȐȞȦ ıİ ȝȚĮ İʌȓʌİįȘ İʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ ȝĮțȡȚȐ Įʌȩ Ȟİȡȩ ȆȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțĮȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
- ȄİIJȣȜȓȟIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣșijȑIJșijȡȤșȝıȜijȢțȜȡȫİțȜijȫȡȤįȟijțIJijȡțȥıȔȞıijșȟijȑIJșʍȡȤįȟįȗȢȑĴıijįț
IJijșȟʍțȟįȜȔİįijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ IJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞ İțĮIJȠıIJȐ ȝĮțȡȚȐ Įʌȩ IJȠȓȤȠȣȢ ȑʌȚʌȜĮ Ȓ ȐȜȜİȢ
ıȣıțİȣȑȢ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮʌȡȫIJȘijȠȡȐʌȜȪȞIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠ'țĮȚIJȠțĮȜȐșȚ+
ȆȚȐıIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ(țĮȚĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠȝĮȗȓȝİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚĮʌȩIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
&ǼȚț
ȂİIJĮțȚȞȒıIJİIJȠįȡȠȝȑĮ*ʌȡȠȢIJȠțĮȜȐșȚǼȚț
- ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪ)țĮȚIJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚ
ĮʌȩIJȠȞțȐįȠĮȞĮıȘțȫȞȠȞIJȐȢIJȠʌȡȠȢIJĮʌȐȞȦǼȚț
ȅțȐįȠȢțĮȚIJȠțĮȜȐșȚȝʌȠȡȠȪȞȞĮʌȜȣșȠȪȞıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞǼȞĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİ
ȑȞĮ țȠȚȞȩ ĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȩ ʌȚȐIJȦȞ țĮȚ ȑȞĮ ȝĮȜĮțȩ ıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚ ȤȦȡȓȢ IJȡĮȤȚȑȢ İʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ǻȚĮȕȐıIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ³ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ´
81
EL
ƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƸƳƩƴƩƴ
ǺȐȜIJİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮıIJȠțĮȜȐșȚȂȘȞȣʌİȡȕİȓIJİIJȘıIJȐșȝȘʌȠȣįİȓȤȞİȚIJȠıȘȝȐįȚ0$;ȝȑȖȚıIJȠ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİ IJȠ țĮȜȐșȚ QȝȑıĮ ıIJȠȞ țȐįȠ ĬĮ țĮIJĮȜȐȕİIJİ ȩIJȚ ȑȤİȚ țȠȣȝʌȫıİȚ Įʌȩ IJȠ
ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȩ³țȜȚț´ǼȚț
ȂİIJĮIJȠʌȓıIJİIJȠįȡȠȝȑĮ*ʌȡȠȢIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠıIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ǿIJȤIJȜıȤȓİıȟijȔȚıijįțIJıȝıțijȡȤȢȗȔįįȟİıȟıȔȟįțIJȧIJijȑijȡʍȡȚıijșȞȒȟȡȣȡȜȑİȡȣ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ1țĮȚİʌȚȜȑȟIJİIJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮĮʌȩ&ȝȑȤȡȚ&ȝİįȚĮıIJȒȝĮIJĮ&
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ4țĮȚȡȣșȝȓıIJİIJȠȞȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ
ǼȓȞĮȚįȣȞĮIJȒȘȡȪșȝȚıȘIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣĮʌȩȝȑȤȡȚȜİʌIJȐȝİįȚĮıIJȒȝĮIJĮȜİʌIJȠȪ
īȚĮȞĮĮȣȟȒıİIJİIJȘȞIJĮȤȪIJȘIJĮİʌȚȜȠȖȒȢțȡĮIJȒıIJİʌĮIJȘȝȑȞĮIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣțĮȚ
IJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ
ǼȞĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐ ʌĮIJȒıIJİ IJȠ ʌȜȒțIJȡȠ İʌȚȜȠȖȒȢ ʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝȐIJȦȞ 3 ǼʌȚȜȑȟIJİ IJȠ ʌȡȩȖȡĮȝȝĮ
ȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ ʌȠȣ ĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓ ıIJȠ ĮʌİȚțȠȞȚȗȩȝİȞȠ IJȡȩijȚȝȠ ȖȚĮ ʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡİȢ ʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢ
ıȤİIJȚțȐȝİIJĮʌȡȠȖȡȐȝȝĮIJĮįȚĮȕȐıIJİIJȚȢ³ȈȣȝȕȠȣȜȑȢȖȚĮIJȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮ´
īȚĮȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚIJȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȠȣĮȞȐȕİȚțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ2
ǹȞȐȕİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮȑȡĮ.ȖȚĮȞĮİʌȚıȘȝȐȞİȚʌȦȢIJȑșȘțİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȠıȪıIJȘȝĮ
ĮİȡȚıȝȠȪ
ǹȞȐȕİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ/
-
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮȝĮȖİȚȡİȪİȚIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ȀĮIJȐIJȘȞįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȡĮIJȘȡȒıİIJİʌȦȢĮȞȐȕİȚțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚʌİȡȚȠįȚțȐIJȠ
İȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ/ǹȣIJȩįİȓȤȞİȚIJȚȢİʌİȝȕȐıİȚȢIJȠȣșİȡȝȠıIJȐIJȘʌȠȣįȚĮIJȘȡİȓIJȘ
ıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢȈIJȘȞȠșȩȞȘİȝijĮȞȓȗȠȞIJĮȚİȞĮȜȜȐȟȠȤȡȩȞȠȢʌȠȣȝİȚȫȞİIJĮȚțĮȚȘ
İʌȚȜİȖȝȑȞȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮīȚĮȞĮIJȡȠʌȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȠȤȡȩȞȠțĮȚIJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮțĮIJȐIJȘȞįȚȐȡțİȚĮ
IJȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢ
ǾijȡȚIJȑȗĮĮȑȡȠȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓȖȚĮȝȚĮȝİȖȐȜȘʌȠȚțȚȜȓĮIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞȈȣȝȕȠȣȜİȣșİȓIJİIJȠ
İȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠıȣȞIJĮȖȫȞ
ȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠșİȡȝȐȞİIJİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮȖȚĮȜİʌIJȐʌȡȠIJȠȪȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȠȤȡȩȞȠȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȒ
ȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮʌȡȠıșȑıİIJİțĮIJİȣșİȓĮȞIJȠȤȡȩȞȠʌȡȠșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢıIJȠȤȡȩȞȠȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
ȃșȗıȞȔȘıijıȞıȝȑİțijȡȟȜȑİȡ
ȃșĴȡȢijȬȟıijıijȡȜįȝȑȚțȞıȤʍıȢȖȡȝțȜȓʍȡIJȪijșijįijȢȡĴȔȞȧȟȊșȢȓIJijıijșȞȒȗțIJijșıʍțijȢıʍijȓ
IJijȑȚȞșʍȡȤIJșȞıțȬȟıijįțIJijșIJȤIJȜıȤȓ
Ƕijįȟ ȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțıȔijı ȗțį ʍȢȬijș ĴȡȢȑ ijșȟ IJȤIJȜıȤȓ ȞʍȡȢıȔ ȟį ʍįȢȡȤIJțȑIJıț Ȝȑʍȡțį
ıȝįĴȢțȑȡIJȞȓȓȝȔȗȡȜįʍȟȪȞșȟįȟșIJȤȥıȔijıʍȢȪȜıțijįțȗțįȒȟįȜįȟȡȟțȜȪĴįțȟȪȞıȟȡȗțįijȔ
ȞıȢțȜȑıȠįȢijȓȞįijįȒȥȡȤȟȝȔȗȡȝȑİțĭįıȠįĴįȟțIJȚıȔIJıIJȫȟijȡȞȡȥȢȡȟțȜȪİțȑIJijșȞįǼıȟȒȥıț
ȜįȞȔįıʍȔİȢįIJșIJijșȝıțijȡȤȢȗȔįijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİ ȞĮ ıIJĮȝĮIJȒıİIJİ ʌȡȠıȦȡȚȞȐ IJȘ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ IJȘȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢ țĮIJȐ IJȘ įȚȐȡțİȚĮ IJȠȣ
ȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢȖȚĮȞĮĮȞĮțĮIJȑȥİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐȒȖȚĮȐȜȜȠȜȩȖȠ
ȆȚȐıIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒțĮȚĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠIJȡĮȕȫȞIJĮȢIJȠȞʌȡȠȢIJĮȑȟȦǾıȣıțİȣȒıIJĮȝĮIJȐİȚ
ȞĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓ
ȉĮȡĮțȠȣȞȒıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠȖȚĮȞĮȥȒıİIJİȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
īȚĮȞĮȟĮȞĮșȑıİIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣ
82
EL
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠIJȠțĮȜȐșȚțĮȚIJĮȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢ İȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ ȂȘȞ ʌĮIJȐIJİ IJȠ ʌȜȒțIJȡȠ ĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢ IJȠȣ țĮȜĮșȚȠȪ ȩIJĮȞ
IJĮȡĮțȠȣȞȐIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞǵIJĮȞȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠĮʌȩIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢİțʌȑȝʌȠȞIJĮȚ
ȗİıIJȩȢĮIJȝȩȢțĮȚĮȑȡĮȢȀȡĮIJȒıIJİIJĮȤȑȡȚĮțĮȚIJȠʌȡȩıȦʌȠȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩIJȠȞțȐįȠ
ȈIJȠIJȑȜȠȢIJȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȘıȣıțİȣȒİțʌȑȝʌİȚȑȞĮȞȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȩȒȤȠȝʌȚʌțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚǹȞ
įİȞİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȠIJȠijĮȖȘIJȩȟĮȞĮȕȐȜIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȡȣșȝȓıIJİIJȠȞȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȖȚĮ
ȝİȡȚțȐȜİʌIJȐ
īȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤİȚȡȠțȓȞȘIJĮʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȠȣĮȞȐȕİȚțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ2
ȈȕȒȞİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ/ȉȠıȪıIJȘȝĮĮİȡȚıȝȠȪıIJĮȝĮIJȐİȚȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐĮȡȖȩIJİȡĮ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠ
ȂİIJĮțȚȞȒıIJİIJȠįȡȠȝȑĮ*ʌȡȠȢIJȠțĮȜȐșȚǼȚț
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪ)țĮȚIJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚ
ĮʌȩIJȠȞțȐįȠĮȞĮıȘțȫȞȠȞIJȐȢIJȠʌȡȠȢIJĮʌȐȞȦǼȚț
ǹįİȚȐıIJİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮıİȑȞĮʌȚȐIJȠȈİȡȕȓȡİIJİIJȠijĮȖȘIJȩ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚIJȠȞțȐįȠțĮȚIJĮİıȦIJİȡȚțȐȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘ
IJȘȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢ ȖȚĮ ȜȓȖĮ ȜİʌIJȐ ĮijȩIJȠȣ ȑȤİȚ ıȕȒıİȚ ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİ ȞĮ țȡȣȫıȠȣȞ ȠȚ ȗİıIJȑȢ
İʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȣȜȚțȐʌȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȥĮIJİȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȑȤȠȣȞȤȡȣıĮijȑȞȚȠțĮȚȩȤȚțĮijȑȒ
ȝĮȪȡȠȤȡȫȝĮǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮʌȩIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮIJĮIJȣȤȩȞțĮȝȑȞĮțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮ
ĬțįȟįįĴįțȢȒIJıijıįʍȪijȡȜįȝȑȚțijįȞıȗȑȝįȓıȫȚȢįȤIJijįijȢȪĴțȞįȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțȓIJijıȝįȖȔİıȣ
ijȢȡĴȔȞȧȟ
ǿıȟİıȥȪȞıȟșȤʍıȢȖȡȝțȜȓİȪIJșȝįİțȡȫIJȤȝȝȒȗıijįțIJijȡȟʍȤȚȞȒȟįijȡȤȜȑİȡȤ
ǶijįȟȡȝȡȜȝșȢȧȚıȔȒȟįȞįȗıȔȢıȞįșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȞʍȡȢıȔȟįȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțșȚıȔįȞȒIJȧȣȗțįȟį
ȞįȗıțȢȒȦıijıȜȑijțȑȝȝȡ
ƴǖǍǃǐǖnjƾǓDŽNJǂǕǐǍǂDŽdžǀǒdžǍǂ
ǹȞșȑȜİIJİȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȝĮʌȡȠșİȡȝȐȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȦȡȓȢIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ1țĮȚİʌȚȜȑȟIJİIJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ4țĮȚȡȣșȝȓıIJİIJȠȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘıİ
ʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡĮĮʌȩIJȡȓĮȜİʌIJȐ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȠȣĮȞȐȕİȚțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ2
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓ
ȉĮȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮȣȜȚțȐȤȡİȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠȤȡȩȞȠȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢıİıȤȑıȘȝİIJĮȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡĮ
ȂİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞĮʌĮȚIJİȓȜȓȖȠȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠȤȡȩȞȠȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢİȞȫȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘ
ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞIJȘȖĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚıİȜȓȖȠıȣȞIJȠȝȩIJİȡȠȤȡȩȞȠ
ǹȞĮțĮIJİȪȠȞIJĮȢ IJĮ ȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮ ȣȜȚțȐ ıIJȠ ȝȚıȩ ȤȡȩȞȠ ȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢ ȕİȜIJȚıIJȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚ IJȠ IJİȜȚțȩ
ĮʌȠIJȑȜİıȝĮțĮȚįȚİȣțȠȜȪȞİIJĮȚIJȠȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijȠȥȒıȚȝȠ
īȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİIJȡĮȖĮȞȑȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȡȠıșȑıIJİȝȚĮțȠȣIJĮȜȚȐȜȐįȚıIJȚȢijȡȑıțİȢȒıIJȚȢțĮIJİȥȣȖȝȑȞİȢ
ʌĮIJȐIJİȢ
ȉĮıȞĮțʌȠȣıȣȞȒșȦȢȥȒȞȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠijȠȪȡȞȠȝʌȠȡȠȪȞȞĮȥȘșȠȪȞțĮȚıIJȘijȡȚIJȑȗĮĮȑȡȠȢ
83
EL
ǾȕȑȜIJȚıIJȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİIJȡĮȖĮȞȑȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢİȓȞĮȚʌİȡȓʌȠȣțȚȜȐ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȑIJȠȚȝĮȗȣȝȐȡȚĮȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİȖȡȒȖȠȡĮțĮȚİȪțȠȜĮȖİȝȚıIJȐıȞĮțǼʌȚʌȜȑȠȞIJĮ
ȑIJȠȚȝĮȗȣȝȐȡȚĮȝĮȖİȚȡİȪȠȞIJĮȚʌȚȠİȪțȠȜĮĮʌȩIJĮȗȣȝȐȡȚĮʌȠȣijIJȚȐȤȞȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠıʌȓIJȚ
ƲǒǐǒǖljǍNJǔǍƾǎǂǑǒǐDŽǒƽǍǍǂǕǂ
ȈIJȠȞ ʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦ ʌȓȞĮțĮ ĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚ IJĮ ʌȡȠȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞĮ ʌȡȠȖȡȐȝȝĮIJĮ ʌȠȣ ȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞ ıIJȠȞ
ʌȓȞĮțĮȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪ
ĬİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ& ȋȡȩȞȠȢPLQ
ʌĮIJȐIJİȢIJȘȖĮȞȚIJȑȢțĮIJİȥȣȖȝȑȞİȢ
țȡȑĮȢ
ȠıIJȡĮțȠİȚįȒ
ȖȜȣțȐ
țȠIJȩʌȠȣȜȠ
țȩțțȚȞȠțȡȑĮȢ
ȥȐȡȚ
ȀȐșİıȪȝȕȠȜȠĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓıİȑȞĮʌȡȩȖȡĮȝȝĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȉȠʌȡȩȖȡĮȝȝĮİȓȞĮȚȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȠȝİ
IJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮțĮȚIJȠȤȡȩȞȠȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢʌȠȣıȣȞȚıIJȫȞIJĮȚȖȚĮIJȠıȣȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞȠIJȪʌȠIJȡȠijȓȝȠȣ
ȅȤȡȩȞȠȢȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢİȓȞĮȚİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȢțĮȚİȟĮȡIJȐIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠʌȐȤȠȢțĮȚIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȦȞIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞ
ʌȠȣȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪȞIJĮȚȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮIJȡȠʌȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȠȤȡȩȞȠțĮȚIJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮțĮȚıIJĮʌȡȠ
ȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞĮʌȡȠȖȡȐȝȝĮIJĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
ȆĮIJȐIJİȢIJȘȖĮȞȚIJȑȢțĮIJİȥȣȖȝȑȞİȢ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȆĮIJȐIJİȢIJȘȖĮȞȚIJȑȢijȡȑıțİȢ ȆȡȫIJȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮȜİʌIJȐ
ǻİȪIJİȡȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮȜİʌIJȐ
ȁĮȤĮȞȚțȐIJȘȖĮȞȚIJȐ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȆĮIJȐIJİȢțȠȝȝȑȞİȢıIJĮIJȑııİȡĮ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȀȡȠțȑIJİȢ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȀȡȠțȑIJİȢțȠIJȩʌȠȣȜȠȣ ȜİʌIJȐ
ȂʌȠȪIJȚĮțȠIJȩʌȠȣȜȠȣ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȂʌȚijIJȑțȚ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
84
EL
ȀİijIJİįȐțȚĮ ȜİʌIJȐ
ȀĮȡĮȕȓįİȢ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȀȑȚț ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȆȓIJĮțȚȢ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȌȐȡȚ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȀȠIJȠȜȑIJĮȤȠȚȡȚȞȒ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȈʌȡȚȞȖțȡȠȜȢ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ƭdžNJǕǐǖǒDŽǀǂǂǖǕǝǍǂǕǐǖǔǃLjǔǀǍǂǕǐǓ
ǹȣIJȒȘıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚİijȠįȚĮıȝȑȞȘȝİȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘǵIJĮȞȠȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȢijIJȐıİȚıIJȠȣȢ³´Ș
ıȣıțİȣȒİțʌȑȝʌİȚȑȞĮȞȒȤȠțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮīȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤİȚȡȠțȓȞȘIJĮʌĮIJȒıIJİ
IJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȠȣĮȞȐȕİȚțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ2ȈȕȒȞİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ/
ȉȠıȪıIJȘȝĮĮİȡȚıȝȠȪıIJĮȝĮIJȐİȚȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐĮȡȖȩIJİȡĮ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒıȕȒȞİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮĮȞĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠțĮIJȐIJȘȞįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƬƣƫƴƶƯƵƩƳƩƴƩ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȆȡȚȞʌȡȠȕİȓIJİ ıIJȠȞ țĮșĮȡȚıȝȩ IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ ȞĮ ȕȖȐȗİIJİ ʌȐȞIJĮIJȠ ijȚȢ Įʌȩ IJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİʌȑȝȕĮıȘʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜİȓIJĮȚĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıİȚȘıȣıțİȣȒ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȐșİIJȩıȠȞĮİȜȑȖȤİIJİIJȘȞțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣțĮȚĮȞįȚĮʌȚıIJȫıİIJİțȐʌȠȚĮ
ijșȠȡȐȞĮĮʌİȣșȣȞșİȓIJİıİȑȞĮțȑȞIJȡȠIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢıȑȡȕȚȢȖȚĮIJȘȞĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘ
ȂȘ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ ĮȚȤȝȘȡȐ İȡȖĮȜİȓĮ țĮȚ ıijȠȣȖȖȐȡȚĮ ȝİ IJȡĮȤȚȐ İʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ ȖȚĮ ȞĮ
țĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕLjǓǔǖǔNjdžǖƿǓ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐȝȑȡȘȝİȑȞĮțĮșĮȡȩțĮȚĮʌĮȜȩʌĮȞȓțĮȚıțȠȣʌȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮıIJİȖȞȩʌĮȞȓ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩȝȑȡȠȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓȝȠȣıțİȝȑȞȠȝİȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩ
ȈțȠȣʌȓıIJİIJȚȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞĮʌȩIJȚȢĮȞIJȚıIJȐıİȚȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮıIJİȖȞȩʌĮȞȓ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǚǎdžǏǂǒǕLjǍƽǕǚǎ
ȅțȐįȠȢțĮȚIJȠțĮȜȐșȚȝʌȠȡȠȪȞȞĮʌȜȣșȠȪȞıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞǼȞĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİ
ȑȞĮțȠȚȞȩĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȩʌȚȐIJȦȞțĮȚȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚȤȦȡȓȢIJȡĮȤȚȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ȆȚȐıIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒțĮȚĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠȝĮȗȓȝİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚĮʌȩIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
- ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪ)țĮȚIJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚ
ĮʌȩIJȠȞțȐįȠĮȞĮıȘțȫȞȠȞIJȐȢIJȠʌȡȠȢIJĮʌȐȞȦǼȚț
īȚĮȞĮȝĮȜĮțȫıȠȣȞIJĮțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞıIJȠțĮȜȐșȚȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠȝİȗİıIJȩ
ȞİȡȩȆȡȠıșȑıIJİȝİȡȚțȑȢıIJĮȖȩȞİȢĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚțĮȚĮijȒıIJİIJȠȖȚĮ
ȜİʌIJȐʌİȡȓʌȠȣȆȜȪȞİIJİțĮȚıțȠȣʌȓıIJİ
85
EL
Ȇ Ȝȑİȡȣ Ȝįț ijȡ ȜįȝȑȚț ıȔȟįț įʍȪ įȟijțȜȡȝȝșijțȜȪ ȤȝțȜȪ ș ȚįȞʍȑİį Ȝįț ijį IJșȞȑİțį ʍȡȤ
ȞʍȡȢıȔȟįıȞĴįȟțIJijȡȫȟȞıijȑįʍȪʍįȢįijıijįȞȒȟșȥȢȓIJșıȔȟįțȜįȟȡȟțȜȑȜįțİıȟıʍșȢıȑȘȡȤȟ
ijȡȞįȗıȔȢıȞįȜįțijșȗıȫIJșijȧȟijȢȡĴȔȞȧȟ
ƲƺƴƯƣƣƲƱƬƣƵƣƴƵƩƴƧƵƧƵƫƴƲƣƳƣƬƣƵƺƣƯƺƮƣƭƫƧƴ
ȆȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ȆȚșĮȞȑȢĮȚIJȓİȢ ǻȚȠȡșȦIJȚțȑȢİʌİȝȕȐıİȚȢ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓ ǻİȞȑȤİIJİȕȐȜİȚIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞ
ʌȡȓȗĮ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮ
ʌȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘ
ǻİȞİȓȞĮȚȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȠȢȠ
ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȢ ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮİȜȑȖȤȠȣIJȠȣ
ȤȡȩȞȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢțĮȚțĮșȠȡȓıIJİ
IJȠȞİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȩȤȡȩȞȠīȚĮȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚ
IJȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠ
ʌȠȣĮȞȐȕİȚțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȅțȐįȠȢįİȞİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠȢ ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıȦıIJȐIJȠȞțȐįȠıIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐįİȞȥȒșȘțĮȞ
ıȦıIJȐ ǼȓȞĮȚȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒȘʌȠ-
ıȩIJȘIJĮȣȜȚțȫȞȝȑıĮıIJȠȞ
țȐįȠ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȜȚȖȩIJİȡĮȣȜȚțȐıIJȠ
țĮȜȐșȚȂȚĮȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ
ȝĮȖİȚȡİȪİIJĮȚʌȚȠȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮ
ǾȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮ-
ıȓĮİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪȤĮȝȘȜȒ ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮİȜȑȖȤȠȣIJȘȢ
șİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢțĮȚțĮ-
șȠȡȓıIJİIJȘȞİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ
ǻȚĮȕȐıIJİIJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠıȣȞIJĮȖȫȞ
ȅȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȠȢȤȡȩȞȠȢ
ȖȚĮIJȠȥȒıȚȝȠİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪ
ȤĮȝȘȜȩȢ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮİȜȑȖȤȠȣIJȠȣ
ȤȡȩȞȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢțĮȚțĮșȠȡȓıIJİ
IJȠȞİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȩȤȡȩȞȠǻȚĮȕȐıIJİIJȠ
İȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠıȣȞIJĮȖȫȞ
ȉĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮįİȞȥȒȞȠȞIJĮȚ
ȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮ ȀȐʌȠȚĮȣȜȚțȐȤȡİȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚ
ĮȞĮțȐIJİȝĮĮȡțİIJȑȢijȠȡȑȢ
țĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣ
ȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢ
ȆȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȞĮțĮIJİȪİIJİțĮIJȐIJȘ
įȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢIJĮȣȜȚțȐ
ʌȠȪİȓȞĮȚʌȐȞȦȒıțİʌĮıȝȑȞĮĮʌȩ
ȐȜȜĮȣȜȚțȐʌĮIJȐIJİȢ
ȉĮIJȘȖĮȞȚıȝȑȞĮıȞĮțįİȞ
İȓȞĮȚIJȡĮȖĮȞȐ ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİıȞĮțʌȠȣ
ȝĮȖİȚȡİȪȠȞIJĮȚȝİʌĮȡĮįȠ-
ıȚĮțȠȪȢIJȡȩʌȠȣȢ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİıȞĮțijȠȪȡȞȠȣȒ
ĮȜİȓȥIJİIJĮȝİȜȐįȚʌȡȠIJȠȪIJĮȕȐȜİIJİ
ıIJȠțĮȜȐșȚ
ȅțȐįȠȢįİȞİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠȢ ǼȓȞĮȚȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒȘʌȠ-
ıȩIJȘIJĮȣȜȚțȫȞȝȑıĮıIJȠȞ
țȐįȠ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȜȚȖȩIJİȡĮȣȜȚțȐıIJȠ
țĮȜȐșȚȂȚĮȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ
ȝĮȖİȚȡİȪİIJĮȚʌȚȠȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮ
ȉȠțĮȜȐșȚįİȞİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠȝȑıĮıIJȠȞ
țȐįȠ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıȦıIJȐIJȠțĮȜȐșȚȝȑıĮ
ıIJȠȞțȐįȠ
86
EL
ȆȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ȆȚșĮȞȑȢĮȚIJȓİȢ ǻȚȠȡșȦIJȚțȑȢİʌİȝȕȐıİȚȢ
DZıʌȡȠȢțĮʌȞȩȢȕȖĮȓȞİȚ
ĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ ȂĮȖİȚȡİȪİIJİȣȜȚțȐȝİ
ʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡĮȜȚʌĮȡȐ ǵIJĮȞIJȘȖĮȞȓȗİIJİȣȜȚțȐȝİʌȠȜȜȐ
ȜȚʌĮȡȐțĮIJĮțȐșİIJĮȚʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠ
ȜȐįȚıIJȠȞțȐįȠȉȠȜȐįȚʌĮȡȐȖİȚ
ʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠȐıʌȡȠțĮʌȞȩĮʌȩIJȠ
ıȣȞȘșȚıȝȑȞȠțĮIJȐIJȘȞįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣ
ȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢǹȣIJȩįİȞȑȤİȚțĮȝȓĮ
İʌȓʌIJȦıȘıIJȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮțĮȚıIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒ
ȈIJȠȞțȐįȠȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞțĮIJȐ-
ȜȠȚʌĮȜȓʌȠȣȢĮʌȩʌȡȠȘ-
ȖȠȪȝİȞĮIJȘȖĮȞȓıȝĮIJĮ
ȅȐıʌȡȠȢțĮʌȞȩȢįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖİȓIJĮȚ
ĮʌȩIJȘșȑȡȝĮȞıȘIJȠȣȜĮįȚȠȪȒIJȠȣ
ȜȓʌȠȣȢʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȠȞțȐįȠ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠȞțȐįȠȝİIJȐIJȘ
ȤȡȒıȘ
ȅȚijȡȑıțİȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȠȣ
İȓȞĮȚțȠȝȝȑȞİȢıİȜȦȡȓ-
įİȢįİȞȑȤȠȣȞIJȘȖĮȞȚıșİȓ
ȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌĮIJȐIJİȢ
ʌȠȣįİȞİȓȞĮȚțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜİȢ
ȖȚĮȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİijȡȑıțİȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢ
țĮȚȖȣȡȓıIJİIJȚȢțĮșȫȢIJȘȖĮȞȓȗȠȞIJĮȚ
ȄİʌȜȪȞIJİțĮȚıțȠȣʌȓıIJİ
IJȚȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȡȠIJȠȪIJȚȢ
IJȘȖĮȞȓıİIJİ
ȄİʌȜȪȞIJİIJȚȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢțĮȚĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİ
ȩȜȠIJȠȐȝȣȜȠʌȠȣȑȤİȚİʌȚțĮșȒıİȚ
ıIJȘȞİʌȚijȐȞİȚȐIJȠȣȢ
ȅȚijȡȑıțİȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȠȣ
İȓȞĮȚțȠȝȝȑȞİȢıİȜȦȡȓįİȢ
įİȞİȓȞĮȚIJȡĮȖĮȞȑȢȝȩȜȚȢ
ȕȖĮȓȞȠȣȞĮʌȩIJȘijȡȚIJȑȗĮ
ȉȠʌȩıȠIJȡĮȖĮȞȑȢșĮ
İȓȞĮȚȠȚIJȘȖĮȞȚIJȑȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢ
İȟĮȡIJȐIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȠıȩ-
IJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤȠȣȞ
țĮȚĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ
ȜĮįȚȠȪʌȠȣȑȤİIJİȕȐȜİȚ
ıIJȘijȡȚIJȑȗĮ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚIJİȜİȓȦȢ
ıIJİȖȞȑȢȠȚʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȡȚȞʌȡȠıșȑıİ-
IJİȜȐįȚ
țĮȚțȩȥIJİIJȚȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢıİȝȚțȡȑȢ
ȜȦȡȓįİȢȖȚĮȞĮȖȓȞȠȣȞIJȡĮȖĮȞȑȢ
ȆȡȠıșȑıIJİȜȓȖȠʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦȜȐįȚȖȚĮ
ȞĮȖȓȞȠȣȞʌȚȠIJȡĮȖĮȞȑȢ
87
EL
ǿǼDzdzǾǴǮǻǶdzDzǮǻǻǼǷǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶǶ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɛɵɥɨɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨɜɩɨɥɧɨɦɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɹɦɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɧɨɪɦɢɜɫɟɟɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɡɚɳɢɬɨɣɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢɦɟɪɚɦɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɢɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɜɦɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬ-
ɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟȿɫɥɢɜɵɪɟɲɢɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɪɭɤɢɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɷɬɭɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
Ɇɟɪɵɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸɨɠɨɝɨɜ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ɍɝɪɨɡɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɚɹɢɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ǻǮǵǻǮȅdzǻǶdzȁǿȀǾǼǷǿȀǰǮ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟ-
ɧɢɹɠɢɞɤɢɯɛɥɸɞȿɫɥɢɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢɜɵɦɨɠɟɬɟɷɬɨɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɧɨɩɪɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɢɟɟɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɩɟɪɟɞ
ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɧɨɜɨɣɩɨɪɰɢɢȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟɟɜɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɟɢɡɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɱɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɫɬɚɬɶɜɫɜɨɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɜɨɡ-
ɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɫɱɢɫɬɤɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɢɥɢɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɟɝɨɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹȼɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɦɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɨɧɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬ
ɫɟɛɹɨɬɤɚɤɨɣɥɢɛɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɧɟɧɟɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹȼɧɟɫɟɧɢɟɥɸɛɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɜɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɥɟɱɟɬ
ɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɨɬɦɟɧɭɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
ǼǿȀǮȀǼȅǻȉdzǾǶǿǸǶ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
Ɇɟɪɵɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸɨɠɨɝɨɜɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɟɦ-
ɤɨɫɬɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɟɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɱɚɫɬɹɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸ-
ɱɟɧɢɹɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɨɬɫɬɵɧɭɬɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǼǿǼǯǹȌDzdzǻǶǶǺdzǾǯdzǵǼǽǮǿǻǼǿȀǶ
ɊɀɋɀȿɊɀɋȽɖɇɃɌɊɉɆɗɂɉȽȻɈɃɀɇɊɋɃȼɉɋȻɈɀɉȼɐɉȿɃɇɉȽɈɃɇȻ-
ɍɀɆɗɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɍɗɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɎəɃɈɌɍɋɎɅɑɃə
ɗɬɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɢɥɢ
ɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɫɧɢɦɢɤɚɤɬɨ
88
RU
ɜɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɜɨɮɢɫɨɜɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɨɬ-
ɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ
ɧɚɮɟɪɦɚɯ
-
ɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɦɨɬɟɥɟɣɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣɠɢɥɨɝɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɜɦɟɫɬɚɯɬɢɩɚɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɜɰɟɥɹɯɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɦɪɭ-
ɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɬɤɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɟɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɣɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɩɪɢɟɝɨɨɬɫɵɥɤɟɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪ-
ɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɨɜɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɢɥɢɧɟ
ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹɭɞɚɪɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɨɤɚɢɥɢɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹɜɪɟɞɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (& ʋ ɨɬ
ɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɫɩɢɳɟɜɵɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȒșȭȒȓȠȓȗ
Ɋɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɟɬɶɦɢɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬɢɥɢɰɚ-
ɦɢɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɦɢɢɥɢɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɩɨɫɨɛ-
ɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɛɟɡɨɩɵɬɚɢɥɢɭɦɟɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɨɦɢɥɢɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟ-
ɧɢɣɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɨɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɯɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɹɯ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɞɟɬɹɦɢɝɪɚɬɶɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɵ ɞɟɬɹɦɧɟ
ɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ
Ⱦɟɪɠɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɦɟɫɬɟɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬ
Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɱɬɨɛɵɞɟɬɹɦɛɵɥɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɧɚɝɪɟ-
ɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɞɟɬɢɧɟɦɨɝɥɢɩɨɬɹɧɭɬɶɡɚɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɫɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɫɪɨɤɚɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɹɯɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɬɢ-
ɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɫɞɟɥɚɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɩɪɢ-
ɝɨɞɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶ-
ɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɝɪɭɲɤɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
89
RU
ǺȓȞȩȏȓȕȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȖȝȜȝȞȓȒȜȠȐȞȎȧȓțȖȬȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɤɨɪɡɢɧɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɱɚɫɬɹɦ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɨɬɫɬɵɧɭɬɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟ
ɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ
Ʉɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɧɭɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬ-
ɤɢɢɞɚɬɶɟɦɭɨɫɬɵɧɭɬɶɩɟɪɟɞɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɤɚɜɧɟɦɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɩɢɳɚ
ɇɟɜɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɤɚɜɧɟɦɧɟɬɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɫɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɬɶɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɧɭɬɪɶɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɧɟɡɚɫɨɪɹɥɢɫɶɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɇɟɧɚɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɦɚɫɥɨɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɡɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶɜɵɛɪɨɫɵɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɢɩɚɪɚɋɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶɧɟɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɬɶ
ɥɢɰɨɢɪɭɤɢɤɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɦɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ȼɦɨɦɟɧɬɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɜɵɛɪɨɫɵɝɨ-
ɪɹɱɟɝɨɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɢɩɚɪɚɋɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶɧɟɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɬɶɥɢɰɨɢɪɭɤɢɤɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɡɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɱɟɪɧɨɝɨɞɵɦɚɧɟ-
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɈɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɞɵɦɧɟɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɢɡɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɟɦ-
ɤɨɫɬɶɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɝɨɪɹɱɚɹɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɥɢ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸɫɟɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɜɫɬɪɚɧɟɟɝɨɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɟɝɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɜ
ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɰɟɧɬɪɟɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɹɟɝɨɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɞɨɥɠɧɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨ-
ɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɟ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɪɨɡɟɬɤɟɫɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɦɨɤɪɵɦɢɪɭɤɚɦɢɢɥɢɛɨɫɵɦɢɧɨɝɚɦɢ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɲɧɭɪɟɢɥɢɜɢɥɤɟɚɬɚɤ-
ɠɟɜɫɚɦɨɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɅɸɛɵɟɜɢɞɵɪɟɦɨɧɬɚɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɡɚɦɟɧɭɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ-
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯȺɪɢɷɬɟ ɢɥɢ
ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ$ULHWHɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ɇɟɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɞɪɭɝɢɟɦɨɳɧɵɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɵɩɟɱɤɢɭɬɸɝɢɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ-
90
RU
ɬɟɥɢɢɬɞȼɬɭɠɟɫɚɦɭɸɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɧɚɝɪɟ-
ɬɵɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ȼɵɧɢɦɚɹɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɧɟɬɹɧɢɬɟɟɟɡɚɩɪɨɜɨɞ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɨɫɬɪɵɦɢɢɪɟɠɭ-
ɳɢɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɉɪɢɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɬɹɧɭɬɶɟɝɨɡɚɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɝɪɨɡɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪ-
țȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɱɚɥɨɦɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɪɚɡɦɚɬɵɜɚɣɬɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɲɧɭɪ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɱɟɪɟɡɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟɬɚɣ-
ɦɟɪɵɢɥɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɫɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɪɢɝɢ-
ɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɡɚɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɢɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɵɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚɭɬɸɝɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɢɫɥɟɝɤɚɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸɢɬɨɥɶ-
ɤɨɩɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɜɵɜɵɬɚɳɢɥɢɜɢɥɤɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɡ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɢɜɫɟɱɚɫɬɢɭɬɸɝɚɨɫɬɵɥɢɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɥɸɛɵɟɪɚɫɬɜɨ-
ɪɢɬɟɥɢɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɱɚɫɬɢ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɥɟɝɤɨɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹɦɚɬɟ-
ɪɢɚɥɨɜɬɤɚɧɟɣɩɨɪɬɶɟɪ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɭɛɪɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɧɭɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȾɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹɩɨɤɚ
ɨɫɬɵɧɭɬɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
ɞɨɠɞɶɫɨɥɧɰɟɢɬɞ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
ɇɟɥɶɡɹɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɦɨɝɭɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ-
ɜɚɬɶɫɹɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɨɬɧɟɝɨɢɧɟɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɏɪɚɧɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɜɫɭɯɨɦɯɨɪɨɲɨɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
ȁȑȞȜȕȎȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȡȧȓȞȏȎȐȩȕȐȎțțȎȭȖțȩȚȖ
ȝȞȖȥȖțȎȚȖ
ȼɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɬɟɫɶɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɞɚɠɟɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɨɛɹɡɚ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣȾɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ(8ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɡɧɚɤɨ-
ɦɢɬɶɫɹɫɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɩɚɦɹɬɤɨɣ
ȃǾǮǻǶȀȊǻǮǿȀǼȍȇdzdzǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
91
RU
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdzǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
$Ⱥɷɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ - ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
%ɋɟɧɫɨɪɧɚɹɩɚɧɟɥɶɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ .ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ
&Ʉɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ / ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
'ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɥɶɞɚ 0Ⱦɢɫɩɥɟɣɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɣɜɪɟɦɹɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
(Ɋɭɱɤɚ 1Ʉɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
)Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ 2Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
*Ȼɟɝɭɧɨɤ 3Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɵɛɨɪɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
+ɐɟɧɬɪɢɮɭɝɚ 4Ʉɥɚɜɢɲɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɜɪɟɦɹɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
, Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ǶȒȓțȠȖȢȖȘȎȤȖȜțțȩȓȒȎțțȩȓ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɭɤɚɡɚɧɵɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚȿɋ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ0RG
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣʋ61
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟȼɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ:
ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɚɹɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɚɹɫɥɭɠɛɚɬɟɯɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɉɪɢɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢɡɚɹɜɤɢɜȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǽdzǾdzDzǽdzǾǰȉǺǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶdzǺ
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɪɨɜɧɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɟɨɬɜɨɞɵɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɢ
ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɣɜɵɫɨɤɭɸɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
- ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ɏɜɠɟɣɭɠɬɷɝɭɩɧɲɭɩɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɠɝɛɳɠɤɟɩɧɛɳɨɠɤɬɠɭɣɬɩɩɭɝɠɭɬɭɝɮɠɭɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɹ
ɮɥɛɢɛɨɨɩɧɮɨɛɭɛɜɦɣɲɥɠɬɭɠɰɨɣɲɠɬɥɣɧɣɟɛɨɨɶɧɣɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɫɦɨɬɫɬɟɧɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜɦɟɛɟɥɢɢɥɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɟɪɜɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɵɦɨɣɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ'ɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɭ+
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ(ɞɟɪɠɚɫɶɡɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɪɭɱɤɭ&Ɋɢɫ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɢɧɶɬɟɛɟɝɭɧɨɤ*ɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɊɢɫ
- ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ)ɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɢɡɟɦɤɨ-
ɫɬɢɩɨɬɹɧɭɜɟɟɤɜɟɪɯɭɊɢɫ
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɦɨɠɧɨɦɵɬɶɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɨɛɵɱɧɭɸɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɦɵɬɶɹɩɨɫɭɞɵɢɦɹɝɤɭɸɝɭɛɤɭɛɟɡɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯ-
ɧɨɫɬɢɋɦɪɚɡɞɟɥɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
92
RU
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵɜɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɓɟɥɱɨɤɛɭɞɟɬɡɧɚɤɨɦɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɲɚɪɧɢɪɡɚɤɪɵɥɫɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
Ɋɢɫ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɢɧɭɬɶɛɟɝɭɧɨɤ*ɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɪɭɱɤɢ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɜɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɀɬɦɣɠɧɥɩɬɭɷɝɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɛɨɠɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩɪɫɣɜɩɫɨɠɨɛɲɨɠɭɫɛɜɩɭɮ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ1ɢɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɨ-
ɬɪɟɧɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɜɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟɨɬ&ɞɨ&ɫɢɧ-
ɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦɜ&
ɇɚɠɢɦɚɣɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ4ɞɥɹɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɆɨɠɧɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɜɪɟɦɹɨɬɦɢɧɭɬɵɞɨɦɢɧɭɬɫɲɚɝɨɦɦɢɧɭɬɚ
Ⱦɥɹɛɨɥɟɟɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨɜɵɛɨɪɚɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɧɚɠɚɬɵɦɢɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
Ʌɢɛɨɧɚɠɢɦɚɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɵɛɨɪɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ3ȼɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭ-
ɸɳɭɸɨɞɧɨɦɭɢɡɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɺɧɧɵɯɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɫɦɜɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
ɋɨɜɟɬɵɩɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ2ɞɥɹɧɚɱɚɥɚɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ.ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɜɟɧɬɢɥɹ-
ɰɢɢɧɚɱɚɥɚɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ/
-
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɦɨɠɧɨɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ/ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɤɥɸɱɚ-
ɟɬɫɹɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɗɬɨɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ
ɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɇɚɞɢɫɩɥɟɟɱɟɪɟɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɤɚɡɜɪɟɦɟ-
ɧɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹɢɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵȾɥɹɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ
ȼɨɡɞɭɲɧɚɹɮɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɚɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɥɸɞɢɡɫɚɦɵɯɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɉɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟɜɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣɤɧɢɝɟɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɜ
ɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦɢɧɭɬɩɟ-
ɪɟɞɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɨɣɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɅɢɛɨɦɨɠɧɨɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɤɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
Ɉɠɨɛɦɣɝɛɤɭɠɝɠɧɥɩɬɭɷɧɛɬɦɩ
ɈɠɪɠɫɠɞɫɮɡɛɤɭɠɥɩɫɢɣɨɮɜɩɦɷɳɣɧɥɩɦɣɲɠɬɭɝɩɧɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɩɝɊɫɣɟɠɫɡɣɝɛɤɭɠɬɷɧɛɥɬɣ-
ɧɛɦɷɨɩɫɛɢɫɠɳɠɨɨɩɞɩɮɫɩɝɨɺɢɛɞɫɮɢɥɣɩɫɣɠɨɭɣɫɮɺɬɷɨɛɬɪɠɱɣɛɦɷɨɮɹɩɭɧɠɭɥɮ
Ɋɫɣ ɪɠɫɝɩɤ ɸɬɥɪɦɮɛɭɛɱɣɣ ɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ ɝɶ ɧɩɡɠɭɠ ɪɩɲɮɝɬɭɝɩɝɛɭɷ ɨɠɪɫɣɺɭɨɶɤ ɢɛɪɛɰ ɣ
ɟɛɡɠɢɛɧɠɭɣɭɷɦɠɞɥɣɤ ɟɶɧɩɥɀɞɩɪɫɣɲɣɨɩɤ ɺɝɦɺɠɭɬɺɣɬɪɛɫɠɨɣɠɬɧɛɢɥɣɨɠɥɩɭɩɫɶɰ
ɟɠɭɛɦɠɤɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɘɭɩɺɝɦɠɨɣɠɨɠɟɩɦɡɨɩɝɶɢɶɝɛɭɷɜɠɬɪɩɥɩɤɬɭɝɩɣɬɥɩɫɩɣɬɲɠɢɨɠɭ
ɘɭɩɟɠɤɬɭɝɣɠɨɣɥɛɥɨɠɪɩɝɦɣɺɠɭɨɛɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩɠɯɮɨɥɱɣɩɨɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɠɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ
ȼɱɢɫɥɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɟɫɬɶɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɩɚɭɡɵɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɦɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢ-
ɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɥɸɞɚ
ɉɨɬɹɧɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɡɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɪɭɱɤɭɢɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɟɟɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɉɪɢɛɨɪ
ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɟɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ
93
RU
ɉɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɫɬɪɹɯɢɜɚɣɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɧ-
ɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ
Ⱦɥɹɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɜɤɨɪɩɭɫ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɞɨɺɦɤɨɫɬɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɢɦɟ-
ɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜɇɟɧɚɠɢɦɚɣɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɩɪɢɜɫɬɪɹɯɢ-
ɜɚɧɢɢɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜȼɦɨɦɟɧɬɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɨɡɦɨɠ-
ɧɵɜɵɛɪɨɫɵɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɢɩɚɪɚɋɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶɧɟɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɬɶɥɢɰɨɢɪɭɤɢɤɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɡɞɚɫɬɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹȿɫɥɢɢɧ-
ɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɟɳɺɧɟɝɨɬɨɜɵɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɩɪɨɫɬɨɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɫɧɢɦɢɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɢ
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶɬɚɣɦɟɪɟɳɺɧɚɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɦɢɧɭɬ
ɑɬɨɛɵɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɪɭɱɧɭɸɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɧɚɠɚɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ2
ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ / ɝɚɫɧɟɬ ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟ-
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɢɧɶɬɟɛɟɝɭɧɨɤ*ɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɊɢɫ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ)ɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɢɡɟɦɤɨ-
ɫɬɢɩɨɬɹɧɭɜɟɟɤɜɟɪɯɭɊɢɫ
ȼɵɥɨɠɢɬɟɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɧɚɛɥɸɞɨɉɨɞɚɜɚɣɬɟɧɚɫɬɨɥ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɟɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɱɚɫɬɹɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɨɬɫɬɵɧɭɬɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɱɚ-
ɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɩɨɞɪɭɦɹɧɢɥɢɫɶɢɧɟ
ɩɨɱɟɪɧɟɥɢɢɥɢɩɨɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɟɥɢɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɩɨɞɝɨɪɟɜɲɢɟɤɭɫɨɱɤɢɟɫɥɢɨɧɢɟɫɬɶ
ȿɦɺɣɢɝɦɠɲɠɨɣɺɜɩɦɷɳɣɰɣɦɣɦɠɞɥɩɦɩɧɛɹɴɣɰɬɺɥɮɬɥɩɝɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɮɤɭɠɬɪɠɱɣɛɦɷɨɶɠ
ɴɣɪɱɶ
Ɉɛɥɛɪɦɣɝɛɹɴɣɤɬɺɣɢɜɶɭɩɥɧɛɬɦɛɩɜɶɲɨɩɬɩɜɣɫɛɠɭɬɺɨɛɟɨɠɠɧɥɩɬɭɣ
Ɋɫɣɜɩɫɞɩɭɩɝɥɸɥɬɪɦɮɛɭɛɱɣɣɬɫɛɢɮɪɩɬɦɠɩɥɩɨɲɛɨɣɺɪɫɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɺɣɨɞɫɠɟɣɠɨɭɩɝ
ǿȜȐȓȠȩȝȜȝȞȖȑȜȠȜȐșȓțȖȬ
ɉɨɠɟɥɚɧɢɸɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɧɚɝɪɟɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɹɜɧɟɝɨɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ1ɢɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ4ɢɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɣɬɟɬɚɣɦɟɪɧɚɜɪɟɦɹɛɨ-
ɥɟɟɦɢɧɭɬ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ2
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɱɧɟɬɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɟɟɦɟɥɤɢɯɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɦɟɧɶɲɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɱɟɦɞɥɹɛɨɥɟɟ
ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨɱɢɫɥɚɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɚɞɥɹɦɟɧɶ-
ɲɟɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɦɟɧɶɲɟ
94
RU
Ⱦɥɹɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɥɭɱɲɟɝɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɩɪɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɛɨɥɟɟɦɟɥɤɢɯɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɪɟɤɨ-
ɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɯɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶ
ɑɬɨɛɵɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɢɦɞɨɛɚɜɶɬɟɤɫɜɟɠɟɦɭɢɥɢɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɨɦɭɤɚɪɬɨɮɟ-
ɥɸɥɨɠɟɱɤɭɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɚɫɥɚ
ɋɧɷɤɢɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɩɟɱɢɬɚɤɠɟɦɨɠɧɨɩɨɞɠɚɪɢɜɚɬɶɜɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ
ɮɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɟ
Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɟɝɨɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹɮɪɢɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɤɝ
Ⱦɥɹɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨɢɥɟɝɤɨɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɧɷɤɨɜɫɧɚɱɢɧɤɨɣɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɝɨ-
ɬɨɜɵɟɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɛɥɸɞɚɄɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɝɨɬɨɜɵɟɛɥɸɞɚɝɨɬɨɜɹɬɫɹɝɨɪɚɡɞɨɛɵɫɬɪɟɟɞɨ-
ɦɚɲɧɢɯ
ǽȞȓȒȡȟȠȎțȜȐșȓțțȩȓȝȞȜȑȞȎȚȚȩ
ȼ ɩɨɦɟɳɺɧɧɨɣ ɧɢɠɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ& ȼɪɟɦɹɦɢɧ
ɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɚɪ-
ɬɨɮɟɥɶɮɪɢ
ɦɹɫɨ
ɦɨɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɫɥɚɫɬɢ
ɤɭɪɢɰɚ
ɤɪɚɫɧɨɟɦɹɫɨ
ɪɵɛɚ
ɄɚɠɞɨɦɭɫɢɦɜɨɥɭɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɭɜɭɟɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɚɹɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɄɚɠɞɚɹɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɧɚ-
ɫɬɪɨɟɧɚɩɨɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɭɸɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɢɜɪɟɦɹɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɜɢɞɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɨɫɢɬɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɬɚɤɠɟɨɬɤɨɥɢ-
ɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɬɨɥɳɢɧɵɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɦɟɧɹɬɶɜɪɟɦɹɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
ɞɚɠɟɜɩɪɟɞɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ
95
RU
Ʉɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɮɪɢɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ʉɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɮɪɢɫɜɟɠɢɣ ɉɟɪɜɚɹɠɚɪɤɚɦɢɧɭɬ
ȼɬɨɪɚɹɠɚɪɤɚɦɢɧɭɬ
Ɏɪɢɢɡɨɜɨɳɟɣ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ʉɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ɇɟɞɚɥɶɨɧɱɢɤɢ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ʉɭɪɢɧɵɟɤɪɨɤɟɬɵ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ʉɭɪɢɧɵɟɛɟɞɪɵɲɤɢ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ȼɢɮɲɬɟɤɫ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ɇɹɫɧɵɟɲɚɪɢɤɢ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ɉɦɚɪɵ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ɍɨɪɬ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ʉɢɲ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ɋɵɛɚ ɦɢɧɭɬ
ɋɜɢɧɚɹɨɬɛɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɢɧɭɬ
ȼɟɫɟɧɧɢɟɪɭɥɟɬɢɤɢ ɦɢɧɭɬ
ȂȡțȘȤȖȭȎȐȠȜȚȎȠȖȥȓȟȘȜȑȜȜȠȘșȬȥȓțȖȭ
ȾɚɧɧɵɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦɄɨɝɞɚɬɚɣɦɟɪɞɨɯɨɞɢɬɞɨɧɭɥɹɪɚɡɞɚɺɬɫɹɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɑɬɨɛɵɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɪɭɱɧɭɸɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɧɚɠɚɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ 2 ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ / ɝɚɫɧɟɬ ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ
ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ȿɫɥɢɢɡɜɥɟɱɶɺɦɤɨɫɬɶɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ
ǼȅǶǿȀǸǮǶȀdzȃǼǯǿǹȁǴǶǰǮǻǶdz
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɟɪɟɞɱɢɫɬɤɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɟɝɨɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɅɸɛɵɟɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɨɬɟɯɨɛ-
ɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɨɥɠɧɵɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɥɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɫɟɝɞɚɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɲɧɭɪɚȼɚɲɟɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɟɪɟɞɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɢɜɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹɜɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣɰɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɞɥɹ
ɟɝɨɡɚɦɟɧɵɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɦɵɬɶɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
96
RU
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȝȞȖȏȜȞȎ
ɉɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɱɢɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɫɚɥɮɟɬɤɢɩɨ-
ɫɥɟɱɟɝɨɩɪɨɬɟɪɟɬɶɫɭɯɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɱɢɫɬɤɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɦɹɝɤɨɣɬɤɚɧɢɫɥɟɝɤɚɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣɜɬɟɩɥɨɣɜɨɞɟȼɵɬɪɢɬɟɧɚɫɭɯɨɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɤɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɨɬɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɩɢɳɢɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɣɬɟɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɫɭɯɨɣɬɤɚɧɢ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȥȎȟȠȓȗȝȞȖȏȜȞȎ
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɦɨɠɧɨɦɵɬɶɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵɦɨɠɧɨɢɫ-
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɨɛɵɱɧɭɸɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɦɵɬɶɹɩɨɫɭɞɵɢɦɹɝɤɭɸɝɭɛɤɭɛɟɡɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɟɪɠɚɫɶɡɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɪɭɱɤɭ
- ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ)ɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɢɡɟɦɤɨ-
ɫɬɢɩɨɬɹɧɭɜɟɟɤɜɟɪɯɭɊɢɫ
Ⱦɥɹɪɚɡɦɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɟɜɲɢɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɩɢɳɢɜɤɨɪɡɢɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɟɧɚɥɢɬɶɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɬɟɩɥɭɸ
ɜɨɞɭȾɨɛɚɜɶɬɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɤɚɩɟɥɶɦɨɸɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɢɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ
ɧɚɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɦɢɧɭɬȼɫɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɢɜɵɬɪɢɬɟɧɚɫɭɯɨ
ɀɧɥɩɬɭɷɣɥɩɫɢɣɨɛɝɶɪɩɦɨɠɨɶɣɢɧɛɭɠɫɣɛɦɛɬɛɨɭɣɪɫɣɞɛɫɨɶɧɪɩɥɫɶɭɣɠɧɇɛɭɩɝɩɬɭɷ
ɣɬɦɠɟɶɥɩɭɩɫɶɠɧɩɞɮɭɪɩɬɭɠɪɠɨɨɩɨɛɨɠɤɪɫɩɺɝɦɺɭɷɬɺɪɩɬɦɠɟɦɣɭɠɦɷɨɩɞɩɣɬɪɩɦɷ-
ɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɺɝɦɺɹɭɬɺɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɶɧɺɝɦɠɨɣɠɧɣɨɠɝɦɣɺɹɭɨɛɥɛɲɠɬɭɝɩɪɫɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɺ
ɪɣɴɣɣɠɠɝɥɮɬ
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȁǿȀǾǮǻdzǻǶȌǻdzǸǼȀǼǾȉȃǽǾǼǯǹdzǺ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ȼɢɥɤɚɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɜ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɞɨɥɠ-
ɧɚɛɵɬɶɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɇɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨ-
ɬɨɜɤɢɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɬɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟɜɪɟɦɹ
ɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜɵ-
ɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɞɥɹɧɚɱɚɥɚɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ Ⱥɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɜɤɨɪɩɭɫ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɂɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɟɳɟɧɟ
ɝɨɬɨɜɵ ȼɧɭɬɪɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɧɚɯɨ-
ɞɢɬɫɹɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɧɨɝɨ
ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɜɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɢɧɝɪɟɞɢ-
ɟɧɬɨɜɆɟɧɶɲɟɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɛɨɥɟɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹɬɟɦɩɟ-
ɪɚɬɭɪɚɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɬɟɧɭɠɧɭɸɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭ-
ɪɭɋɦɤɧɢɝɭɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɜ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɟɞɨɫɬɚ-
ɬɨɱɧɨɟ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨ-
ɬɨɜɤɢɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɬɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟɜɪɟɦɹ
ɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɋɦɤɧɢɝɭɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɜ
97
RU
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
ɂɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɩɪɨ-
ɠɚɪɢɥɢɫɶɧɟɪɚɜɧɨ-
ɦɟɪɧɨ
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɢɞɵ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɜɨɜɪɟ-
ɦɹɢɯɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɂɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹɫɜɟɪɯɭ
ɢɥɢɬɟɱɬɨɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɤɚɪɬɨ-
ɮɟɥɶɮɪɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶ
ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɢɯɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɀɚɪɟɧɵɟɫɧɷɤɢɧɟ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢɫɶɞɨɫɬɚ-
ɬɨɱɧɨɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ
ȼɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɟɜɢɞ
ɫɧɷɤɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɝɨɬɨ-
ɜɹɬɫɹɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɫɬɟɫɧɷɤɢɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɩɟɱɢɢɥɢɨɛɦɚɠɶ-
ɬɟɢɯɦɚɫɥɨɦɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ
ɜɤɨɪɡɢɧɭ
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ȼɧɭɬɪɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɧɚɯɨ-
ɞɢɬɫɹɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɧɨɝɨ
ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɜɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɢɧɝɪɟɞɢ-
ɟɧɬɨɜɆɟɧɶɲɟɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɛɨɥɟɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ
Ʉɨɪɡɢɧɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɂɡɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ
ɛɟɥɵɣɞɵɦɨɤ ȼɵɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɛɨɥɟɟ
ɠɢɪɧɵɟɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵ ɉɪɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɠɢɪɚ
ɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɨɫɟɞɚɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɟɦɚɫɥɚ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɚɫɥɚɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨɱɟɦɨɛɵɱɧɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɛɟɥɨɝɨɞɵɦɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹȾɚɧɧɨɟɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɧɟɜɥɢɹɟɬɧɚɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɢɥɢɧɚ
ɫɚɦɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ȼɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭ-
ɟɬɠɢɪɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɣɫɹɫ
ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯɰɢɤɥɨɜ
ɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
Ȼɟɥɵɣɞɵɦɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɸɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ
ɠɢɪɚɢɥɢɦɚɫɥɚɌɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɩɨɫɥɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɋɜɟɠɢɣɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶ
ɧɚɪɟɡɚɧɧɵɣɩɚɥɨɱ-
ɤɚɦɢɨɛɠɚɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ
ȼɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɟɫɨɪɬ
ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɧɟ
ɝɨɞɢɬɫɹɞɥɹɮɪɢɬɸɪɚ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɜɟɠɢɣɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɢɬɳɚ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɣɬɟɟɝɨɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɢɜɵɫɭɲɢ-
ɬɟɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɩɟɪɟɞ
ɬɟɦɤɚɤɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɟɝɨɜɨ
ɮɪɢɬɸɪɟ
ɋɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɭɞɚɥɢɬɟɫɧɟɝɨ
ɜɟɫɶɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɟɧɚ
ɧɟɦ
ɋɜɟɠɢɣɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶ
ɧɚɪɟɡɚɧɧɵɣɩɚɥɨɱ-
ɤɚɦɢɧɟɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɢɦɫɪɚɡɭ
ɩɨɫɥɟɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɢɡ
ɮɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɵ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɯɪɭ-
ɫɬɹɳɟɣɤɨɪɨɱɤɢɧɚ
ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɟɮɪɢɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɨɬɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɜɨɞɵ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣɫɹɜɫɚɦɨɦ
ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɟɚɬɚɤɠɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɦɚɫɥɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɢ
ɟɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɦɚɫɥɚɤɚɤɦɨɠ-
ɧɨɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɟɣɨɫɭɲɚɣɬɟɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶ
ɫɧɚɪɭɠɢ
ɇɚɪɟɠɶɬɟɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɛɨɥɟɟɬɨɧɤɢɦɢ
ɩɚɥɨɱɤɚɦɢɞɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɟɟɯɪɭɫɬɹ-
ɳɟɣɤɨɪɨɱɤɢ
ɑɬɨɛɵɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹɛɨɥɟɟɯɪɭ-
ɫɬɹɳɢɦɞɨɛɚɜɶɬɟɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɦɚɫɥɚ
98
RU
99
RU
Ⱦɚɬɚɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ61ZN\UDEFGHIJ
ɝɞɟZN±ɧɟɞɟɥɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
\U±ɝɨɞɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
DEFGHIJ±ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɈɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɧɢɡɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨ-
ɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɚɜɝɭɫɬɚɝɨɞɚ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜªɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟ-
ɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɞɟɤɚɛɪɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟ-
ɥɢɹ
ȼaȽɰȼɬɄɥɚɫɫ,,3;
ɋɞɟɥɚɧɨɜɄɢɬɚɟ
ɂɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɈɈɈ©Ɇɟɞɢɚɬɟɯª
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɢɰɚɋɚɞɨɜɚɹɌɪɢɭɦɮɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɦɫɬɪɨɟ-
ɧɢɟɉɈɆ,ɄɈɆ
ɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɍɫɚɱɟɜɚɞɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɨɦ,,ɤɨɦ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ'H¶/RQJKL$SSOLDQFHV6UO©ȾɟɥɨɧɝɢȺɩɩɥɚɟɧɫɢɫɋɊɅªȺɞɪɟɫɂɬɚɥɢɹ
ɎɥɨɪɟɧɰɢɹɄɚɦɩɢȻɢɡɟɧɰɢɨȼɢɚɋɄɭɢɪɢɤɨ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɣɢɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɦɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɫɚɣɬɟKWWSZZZDULHWHQHWUXDVVLVWDQFH
Ƚɨɪɹɱɚɹɥɢɧɢɹ$ULHWH
Ɍɨɜɚɪɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟɢɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸɧɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɦɟɫɬɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɣɫɪɨɤɝɨɞɚɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟ-
ɥɢɹ
ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ ﺔّﻴﻤﺤﻣو ،ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ
يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻠﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳاو صﺮﺤﺑ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ةءاﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
هﺬﻫ ﻖﻓرأ .ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌا ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻼﻟ ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا .راﴐﻷاو ثداﻮﺤﻟا عﻮﻗو ﻊﻨﳌ ،ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ
.ﻐﻠﻟ ﻪﺋاﺪﻫإ وأ ﻪﻌﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا زﻮﻣﺮﻟﺎﺑ ةﺰﻴﻤﻣ ،ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ةدراﻮﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ ﻒﻠﺘﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧأ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ضﺮﻐﻟا
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﺟﺎﺘﺣا اذإ .ﺔﻠﺋﺎﺳ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻲﻬﻄﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻏ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا .ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻲﻬﻄﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻢﻜﻨﻜ
ﻢﺗ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﺗ نا ﺪﻌﺑو ،ﺔﻘﺋﺎﻓ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻋ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻚﻨﻜ ،ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ تﺎﻴﻤﻛ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﱃإ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
ﻦﻜ ،ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﺐﻜﺳ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ .ﻪﻨﻣ ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﺐﻜﺴﺗ نأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺔﺒﻠﺼﻟا ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا ةدﺎﳌا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺻﺎﺼﺘﻣا
ﺔﻌﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ رﴬﻟا قﺎﺤﻟإ وأ/و ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻞﻛﺎﺸﻣ ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ ﻣ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا جرﺎﺧ ﻪﻨﻣ ءﺰﺟ بﴪﺘﻳ نأ
ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ وأ ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗ ضاﺮﻏﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟوﺆﺴﻣ يأ
.نﻀﻟا لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ يدﺆﻳ .ﺔﻘﺋﻻ ﻏ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا
ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ىﺮﺧأ ﻞﺋاﻮﺳ ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ .ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﲇﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا لﻼﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷاو ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ .قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ةّرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا دﱪﺗ نأ
نﺎﻣأ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا صﺮﺤﺑ أﺮﻗا.
bepp8erz`2k˯YzE`ʓ_˴M4ʙ`1p!`.oNk<rgɇf<
;ﺐﺗﺎﻜﳌا ﰲو ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺘﻟا تﻼﺤﳌا ﻲﻔﻇﻮﳌ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﰲ -
;عراﺰﳌا -
;ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﻴﻨﻜﺴﻟا تﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟاو قدﺎﻨﻔﻟا ءﻼﻤﻋ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا -
.رﺎﻄﻓﻹاو ﺖﻴﺒﳌا لﺰﻧو -
lLUa)e?0PʜrD(b]91p!`_˴M4lL!k`/ʌʜlLz`s5exMk=˯\ʁ`bf%ʘ
.ﺐﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ضاﺮﻏﻷا
˼P+sɬ"k˯VzaQlL"k`EM`lfAʘzj!˯jz=`iʜza<ʜVzaQ`+sɬGU$ʘ&=kɅy
.ﺺّﺧﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﱃإ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻘﺋﻻ
z0p\e,<rZy0$/E(KsXr˰x+yil]˽1p!`Nj<le+/se˼PrYʘ˼P,Me_˴M4
.صﺎﺨﺷﻷﺎﺑ رﴬﻟا قﺎﺤﻟإ وأ
100
AR
داﻮﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌاو 2004/10/27 ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﺑ ةردﺎﺼﻟا 2004/1935gX/zr/rʜ_r,`Lsf!egIk`ZEe1p!`
ﺔﻳﺬﻏﻸﻟ ﺔﺴﻣﻼﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﻢﻫاﻮﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ نﻮﻜﻠ ﻻ صﺎﺨﺷأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ تاﻮﻨﺳ 8lLgo/˴L,y2_UDbXle1p!`.o_˴M4l]˽
ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ فاﴍﻹا ﻢﺗ اذإ ﻂﻘﻓ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ وأ ةﱪﺧ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا صﺎﺨﺷﻷا وأ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟاو ﺔﻴ ّ
ﺴﺤﻟاو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا
ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻋﻼﻃاو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﺒﻳرﺪﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا
1p!`Ma`_UDʝ`#˴5`c,L!y
،تاﻮﻨﺳ 8lLgo/˴LbY+ʘrpcsYyʘi!yc,)5˯cpelf@ɴ{`jz=`rVzIk`_˴L
.ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺔﻄﻳﴍو
.تاﻮﻨﺳ 8lLgo/˴LbYly.`_UDʜ_rkelL,zMɪ0p]`b]`r1p!`JU$!y
k(5`2 ʜ˰_s<s`_UDʝ`&f5yʘi]eʓ1p!`N@
gpzaL0E(/,=eb]9pjʜ_UDʜ_rkeʓVzaQ`+se[ɰʘ
?/ʜ˱L1p!`CY4rz0p]`y.Q`b\ɇ,9bUDcsYyiʂʙ
z0p]`y.Q`b\>X_ʙ(leq`˴M4Nke˱LbfM`!yɪpjb]91p!`.ole>a)`,kL
ﺐﻌﻠﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز
.ﻪﺑ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
i˾$˰0Ij1p!`UD˳{`ZX,`_ʙ(1p!a`za(,`zj,M˯2 ʜrLs`rɇa5`6faʘ
.قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ .ةّرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا دﱪﺗ
qUzIkczY`bX+ɫyi˾$˰q\0rɪ0p]`.(˯lL6Y`b=TbfM`lL1p!`SYy,kL
cMDqa(,, sye,kL1p!`[0%ʘ
fMDʜleO/Tis]ye,kL1p!`bM9ʘ
z0p]`erY˯z.Q`+s˯W=`ɇk!ʗ`ɇa5`ʓFYTrɀɧ+jɇs]˯b(+
ysp`%TZzMʘ
Zy0$0E(y2`Ls`ʝɱʘ
ysp`%TlLq s`rly,z`ɀɧ+,Mysp`%Tlel(5`/)`rsp`0)y_˴M4ʘk
lL,zMq s`rly,z`is]i!yl(4/)rsoɀAy0)y1p!`g5 lLLs`+Mgye,kL
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا
i˾$˰0Ijɪ0p]`.(˯lL6Y`b=T1p!`ɀ/sTUDysp`%Tle+s4i(+0(-
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا .ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻟا ﺔﺤﺘﻓ ﻦﻣ نﺎﺧﺪﻟا جوﺮﺧ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﻳ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ :ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
z0p]`]9`ɇzE`sU`YEeesaM˯XE˱Lkz˯ɇzEaU`i,ɇ\0p]`1p!`bz<sbX
2\0e,$ʓ1p!a`ɪ0p]`cʙ`leZY%qkeqʀgx.`,a`lLVa)y,aʓ1p!`_˴M4g-
.ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا
/ʍ`W%`ʄ%`1p!`/,XNeYTse˼(ʜm.ois]i!yz0p\a<r_˴M4g/0X-
.ﻪﺴﻔﻧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﻣﻼﺳ نﺿ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣو ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ مﻮﻘﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺺﺨﺸﻟﺎﺑ
?ɇ/eɪ0p\.(ɬɧ+1p!`b<r
101
AR
t0(bs4ʓr˯ʓ1p!`6EQʘ
˾e,Y`ʓ$k\-r˯`sae^y,yj\-1p!`bfM5ʘ
Nzf sEMeq5Uj1p!`i˾-rɪ0p]`.(˯rɪ0p]`b]`Va`$ʓ1p!`bfM5ʘ
ﺔﻛﴩﻟ ﻊﺑﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ ،حﻼﺻﻹا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ
.ﺮﻄﺧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻟﻮﺨﻣ ءاﱪﺧ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ Ariete
ɪ0p]`.(˯6Uj˱Lo˼Prɰzy+/ɇM9erxr]erjɇ)4z`L/,X-0(1p x^9ʘ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺤﻟا زوﺎﺠﺗ ﺮﻄﺧ
/%`#sE5a`ɪ0p]`b]`r1p!`5eʙec,L!y
b]`ɇ,8_ʙ(leɪ0p]`.(˯lL6Y`b=Uʘ
Vaa`q@ɇ0MleTs(ɇ+$2 rSs$bYez0p]`y.Q`b\[ɰʘ
z0p]`y.Q`b\E4sq%4_ʙ(le1p!`bYkʘ
ɪ0p]`.(˯lLz0p]`y.Q`b\b=Tys U<LKsXr`$ʓ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
_˴M4ʘbXy.Q`b\ ɇ
^T
,MlLg]%`gy2p E4sr{ /(0˽ɇXseE4s1p!`y.Qc,L!y
Mɇk=˯\ʁ`bXle,fMeza<Y%aerza</zPNEXFYTc,)41p!`eʙ4˱LGU%a`
E4sFYT1p!`VzIkl]˽2 ʜNzf +r0Ʌrɪ0p]`.(˯lLz0p]`y.Q`b\6Xb=T,M
ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ يدﺆﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ تﺎﺒﻳﺬﻣ ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻼﻴﻠﻗ ﺔﺒّﻃﺮﻣو ﺔﻨﺸﺧ ﻏ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ
.ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا
o˼Pr04r9fX_M8ʙ`aX+sele0Y`1p!`NAʘ
k(5`2 ʜ+ɫi˾$˰0Ij1p!`JU$bXɪ0p]`.(˯lLɧ+6Y`b=T
o˼Pr6f9`r0E˯ys!`besMa`?ɇ0Me1p!`[ɰʘ
ZaE`sp`ʓkz\˯bfM5ʘ
VzIk`rc,)4ʙ`za(+2 , sʘ1p!` ɇ
^Uʘ
S r+/rSsY5ei]eʓ1p!`JU$
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ ﻒﻠﺘﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧأ
bfM`zM@rʓis]ye,kLFYT1p!`bM8
z0p]`]9`qa<rkX0eir,1p!`[ɰʘ
ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻦﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺼﻗ ةﱰﻔﻟ ﻮﻟو دﺎﻌﺘﺑﻻا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
ﻰﺟﺮﻳ ، EU/2012/19 ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺺﻨﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣو ،ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ
.ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﳌاو ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا ةءاﺮﻗ
.تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا هﺬﻬﺑ ﺎاد ﻆﻔﺘﺣا
102
AR
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
ﺞﻣاﱪﻟا - J ءاﻮﻫ ﺬﺧﺄﻣ - A
ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا - K ﺲﻤﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﻢّﻜﺤﺗ ﺔﺣﻮﻟ - B
ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا - L زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻜﻴﻫ - C
ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟردو ﺖﻗﻮﻟا رﺎﻬﻇإ - M ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا - D
ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿ رارزأ - N ﺾﺒﻘﻣ - E
ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا/لﺎﻌﺷﻹا رز - O ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرِز - F
ﺞﻣاﱪﻟا رﺎﻴﺘﺧارز - P ﺔﻗّﻻز - G
ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةﺪﻣ ﻂﺒﻀﻟ رارزأ - Q ﺔّﻠﺳ - H
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ - I
ﺔﻴﻨﻓ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
:زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﻳﻮﻫ دﺪﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻳدﺎﻨﺘﺳﻹا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻠﻟا يﻮﺘﺤﺗ
CEeʙM`rNj=`
(.Modby+s˯
(SNLsf!˯gX/
6˼o++ɰ`r`sTz0p]`y.Q`ɇzEaT
Cr ɇ
=f˯z0p]`/,Y`
jz=`ryL0`g5XVogX/
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﻗرو ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا ﺮﻛذ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﺰﻛﺮ لﺎﺼﺗﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ ﺪﻌﺑأ -
ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ ﻪﻛﺮﺗ و زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺐﺟﻮﺘﻳ .ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺪﻴﻌﺑو ٍﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ -
.ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻟا ةراﺮﺤﻟا تﺎﺟارﺪﻟ موﺎﻘﻣ و ﺖﺑﺎﺛ
.ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ّ
ﻚﻓ -
.زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨّﻔﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻳوﺎﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻓ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ىﺮﺧﻷا ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا وأ ﺎﻴﻠﻴﺑﻮﳌا وأ نارﺪﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻢﺳ 10 ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻣ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ
.(H) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو (D) ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺴﻏا ،ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ
.(4 ﻞﻜﺷ) ،(C) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺐﺤﺳاو (E) ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﻚﺴﻣا -
.(5 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ (G) ﺔﻗّﻻﺰﻟا ﻞﻘﻧأ -
.(7 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﲆﻋﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻓر لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﺲﻔﻨﺑو (F) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرز ﻂﻐﺿا -
ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ ﺞﻨﻔﺳا ﺔﻌﻄﻗو نﻮﺤﺼﻠﻟ يدﺎﻋ ﻒّﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ًﻻﺪﺑ .اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎ ّ
ﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﻴﺴﻏ ﻦﻜ
."زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﻊﺟار .ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ
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لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
.MAX ةرﺎﺒﻋ ﰲ ﺒﳌا ﺪﺤﻟا زوﺎﺠﺗ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﻊﺿ -
.(9 ﻞﻜﺷ) "ﺔّﻘﻃ" عﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﺧدﻹا ﻢﺘﻳ .ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﻞﺧدأ -
.ﺾﺒﻘﳌا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ (G) ﺔﻗّﻻﺰﻟا ﻞﻘﻧأ -
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﰲ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺧدأ -
.ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا لﺎﺧدإ ﻢﺘﻳ اذإ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻐﺘﺸﻳ ﻻ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ -
200 ﱃإ 80 ﻦﻣ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿ ﻦﻜ .ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد رﺎﺘﺧا ﻢﺛ ،(N) ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿ رارزأ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
.ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ تﺎﺟرد 5 قﺎﻄﻧ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد
ﻞﻛ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 60 ﱃإ 1 ﻦﻣ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻂﺒﺿ ﻦﻜ .(ﺮﺎﺗ) ﺖّﻗﺆﳌا ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ﻢﺛ ،(Q) ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺖﻗو ﻂﺒﺿ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
.ﺔﻘﻴﻗد
.ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟردو ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻂﺒﺿ رارزأ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،رﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻا ﺔﻋﴎ ةدﺎﻳﺰﻟ
ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻧ" ﻊﺟار) ﺒﳌا مﺎﻌﻄﻟا عﻮﻨﻟ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ّرز رﺎﺘﺧا .(P) ﺞﻣاﱪﻟا رﺎﻴﺘﺧا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻋ ًﻻﺪﺑ -
.("ﻀﺤﺘﻟا
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺪﺒﻟ (O) ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا/لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
.ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ (L) ﻮﻀﻟا شﺆﳌا ﻞﻐﺸﻳ .ﻞﻤﻌﻳ أﺪﺑ ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻟا مﺎﻈﻧ نأ ﲆﻋ ﺸﻳ ﻣ (K) ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا ﻞﻌﺸُﻳ -
.ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻲﻬﻄﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ -
ﻞﺧﺪﺗ ﲆﻋ ﻚﻟذ ّ
لﺪﻳ .يرود ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺄﻔﻄﻳو ﻞﻌﺸﻳ (L) ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا نأ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻦﻜ ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ
ﺺﻘﻨﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﻟا بوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﺷﺎﺸﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻬﻈﻳ .ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ تﺎﺘﺳﻮﻣﱰﻟا
.ﻂﺒﻀﻟا رارزأ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟردو ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟ .ةرﺎﺘﺨﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟردو
.تﺎﻔﺻﻮﻟا ﺐّﻴﺘﻛ ﻊﺟار .ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ عاﻮﻧأ ﻀﺤﺗ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺋاﻮﻬﻟا ةﻼﻘﳌا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ
ﺖﻗو ﱃإ ﱄوﻷا ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ﺖﻗو ةﴍﺎﺒﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ وأ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد 3-5 ةﺪﳌ ﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﺨﺴﺗ ﻦﻜ
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
.ﺖﻳﺰﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻸ ﻻ
.ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ةرﺎﺷﺈﺑ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌاو ﺎﻬﺑ حﻮﻤﺴﳌا ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا تﺎّﻴﻤﻜﺑ ﺪّﻴﻘﺗ .ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
هﺬﻫ نﻷ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻢﺘﻬﺗ ﻻ :نﺎﺧﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗو ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ ﺔﺤﺋار ﻪﻨﻋ رﺪﺼﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ
ﲆﻋ ﻚﻟذ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﻻ .ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﳽﻼﺘﺗ فﻮﺳو ،ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺾﻌﺒﻟ ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻢﻴﺤﺸﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻧو ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ةﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ
.لﺎﺜﳌا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﲆﻋ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻂﻠﺧ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ،ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺖﻗﺆﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻗﻮﺗ ﻦﻜ
.ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻳ .جرﺎﺨﻟا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺐﺤﺳاو ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﻚﺴﻣا -
.ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻲﻬﻃ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ّ
ﺾﺧ -
.هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺧدأ ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟ -
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷاو ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ّ
ﺾﺨﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﺗ ﻻ .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
نأ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﻦﺧﺎﺳ رﺎﺨﺑو ءاﻮﻫ ًﺎﻀﻳأ جﺮﺨﻳ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻦﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا دﺎﻌﺑإ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻋ ةﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﻟاو ﻦﻳﺪﻴﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ
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ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا لﺎﺧدإ ﻲﻔﻜﻳ ،ةﺰﻫﺎﺟ ﻏ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﺖﻧﺎﻛ اذإ .ﺄﻔﻄﻳ ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻣو ﻔﺻ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا رﺪﺼﻳ ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةﺪﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻨﻋ
.ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺒﻟ (ﺮﺎﺗ) ﺖّﻗﺆﳌا ﻂﺒﺿو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ
ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻟا مﺎﻈﻧ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻳ .ﺄﻔﻄُﻳ (L) ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا .(O)ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا/لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،يوﺪﻳ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃﻹ
.ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ تﺎﻈﺤﻟ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا -
.(5 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ (G) ﺔﻗّﻻﺰﻟا ﻞﻘﻧأ -
.(7 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﲆﻋﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻓر لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﺲﻔﻨﺑو (F) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرز ﻂﻐﺿا -
.مﺎﻌﻄﻟا مّﺪﻗ .ﻦﺤﺻ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﻊﺿ -
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﲇﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا لﻼﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷاو ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ةّرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا دﱪﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا
تﺎﻔّﻠﺨﳌا ﺪﻌﺑأ .ﺔﻴﻨﺑ وأ ءادﻮﺳ ﺖﺴﻴﻟو نﻮﻠﻟا ﺔﻴﺒﻫذ نﻮﻜﺗ نا ﺐﺠﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻬﻄﳌا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا نأ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ
.ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻗوﺮﺤﳌا
.ﺔﻤﻌﻃأ ﻂﻗﻼﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔ ّﺸﻬﻟا وأ ﺔﻀﻳﺮﻌﻟا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا دﺎﻌﺑﻹ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺮﻌﻗ ﰲ ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻤﺘﺤﳌا ةﺪﺋاﺰﻟا تﺎﻴﻤﻜﻟا ﻊﻤﺠﺘﺗ
.ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻀﺤﺘﻟ ًارﻮﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ ،تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻲﻬﻃ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ
ﻀﺤﺘﻟا ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻧ
.تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا نوﺪﺑ ﻦﺨﺴﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،تدرأ اذإ
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد رﺎﺘﺧا ﻢﺛ ،(N) ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿ رارزأ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
.ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﻦﻣ ﻛأ ﲆﻋ (ﺮﺎﺗ) ﺖّﻗﺆﳌا ﻂﺒﺿا ﻢﺛ ،(Q) ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةﺪﻣ ﻂﺒﺿ رارزأ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
.(O) ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا/لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
.ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ
.ةﺒﻜﻟا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻧرﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ّﻞﻗأ ﺖﻗو ﱃإ ةﻐﺼﻟا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا جﺎﺘﺤﺗ
. ّﻞﻗأ ﺖﻗو ﱃإ جﺎﺘﺤﺗ ةﻐﺼﻟا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻨﻴﺑ ،لﻮﻃأ ﻲﻬﻃ ةّﺪﻣ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻦﻣ ةﺒﻜﻟا تﺎﻴﻤﻜﻟا
.ﺔﺴﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻲﻬﻃ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﲆﻋو ﻞﻀﻓأ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﲆﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﺗ ﻟ ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةﺪﻣ ﻒﺼﺘﻨﻣ ﰲ ﺮﻐﺻﻷا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻂﻠﺧا
.ةﺪّﻤﺠﳌا وأ ﺔﺟزﺎﻄﻟا ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ ﻒﺿأ ،ﺔﺼّﻤﺤﻣ ﺔﻤﻌﻃأ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
.ﺔﻴﺋاﻮﻬﻟا ةﻼﻘﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻫﻮﻬﻃ ﻦﻜ ،نﺮﻔﻟا ﰲ ﻰﻬﻄﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺨﻟا تﺎﺒﺟﻮﻟا
.ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻢﻐﻛ 1,2-1,8 ﻲﻫ ﺔﺼّﻤﺤﳌا ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا داﺪﻋﻹ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟا
ﺔﻨﻴﺠﻌﻟا جﺎﺘﺤﺗ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز .ﺔﻌﻳﴎو ﺔﻠﻬﺳ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ةّﻮﺸﺤﳌا ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺨﻟا تﺎﺒﺟﻮﻟا ﻀﺤﺘﻟ ةﺰﻫﺎﺟ ﺔﻨﻴﺠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
.ﺖﻴﺒﻟا ﰲ ﺎﻫداﺪﻋإ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﺠﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗأ ﻲﻬﻃ ةﺪﻣ ﱃإ ﺰﻫﺎﺠﻟا
105
AR
ًﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﻃﻮﺒﻀﳌا ﺞﻣاﱪﻟا
.ﻢّﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌاو ًﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﻃﻮﺒﻀﳌا ﺞﻣاﱪﻟا ﻖﺣﻼﻟا لوﺪﺠﻟا ّ
ﺒُﻳ
(دﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا) ﺖﻗﻮﻟا (ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ) ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد
15 200 ةﺪّﻤﺠﻣ ﺔّﻴﻠﻘﻣ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ
25 180 ﻢﺤﻟ
20 160 ﺔﻳﺮﺤﺒﻟا تﺎﻳﴩﻘﻟا
30 160 تﺎﻳﻮﻠﺣ
20 200 جﺎﺟد
20 180 ﺮﻤﺣأ ﻢﺤﻟ
20 160 ﻚﻤﺳ
ةﺪﻣ .مﺎﻌﻄﻟا عﻮﻧ ﲆﻋ ءﺎﻨﺑ ﺎﻬﺑ حﻮﺼﻨﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ﺖﻗوو ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻊﻣ طﻮﺒﻀﻣ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﱪﻟا .ﻲﻬﻃ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﱪﻟ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺰﻣر ﻞﻛ
ﻚﻟﺬﻛو ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟردو ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻜ .ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛو ﻚﻤﺳ ﲆﻋ ًﺎﻀﻳأ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ يأ ،ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
.ًﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﻃﻮﺒﻀﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺞﻣاﺮﺑ
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 200 ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 20 - 15 (ةﺪّﻤﺠﻣ) ﺔّﻴﻠﻘﻣ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد 140
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 180
ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 18 :ةّﺮﻣ لوأ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 12 :ةّﺮﻣ ﺎﺛ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
(ﺔﺟزﺎﻃ) ﺔّﻴﻠﻘﻣ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 200 ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 15 - 10 رﺎﻀﺧ ﱄﺎﻘﻣ
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 180 ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 22 - 18 ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا عﺎﺑرأ
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 185 ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 15 - 12 ﺖﻴﻛوﺮﻛ
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 200 ﻖﺋﺎﻗد 10 جﺎﺟﺪﻟا ﺖﻴﻛوﺮﻛ
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 180 ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 25 - 20 جﺎﺟد ذﺎﺨﻓأ
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 180 ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 15 - 10 ﻢﺤﻟ ﺔﺤﻳﴍ
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 180 ﻖﺋﺎﻗد 8 ﻢﺤﻟ ﺔّﺒﻛ
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 160 ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 20 - 15 سﺪﻳﺮُﻗ
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 160 ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 30 - 20 ﺔﺗرﻮﺗ
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 180 ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 30 - 25 ﴚﻴﻛ
106
AR
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 200 ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 20 - 15 ﻚﻤﺳ
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 200 ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 15 - 10 تﺎﺘﻔﺑ ةّﻮﺴﻜﻣ ﺮﻳﺰﻨﺧ ﻢﺤﻟ ﺔﺤﻳﴍ
قﻮﻔﺨﳌا ﺾﻴﺒﻟاو ﺰﺒﺨﻟا
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 200 ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 15 - 10 ﻊﻴﺑﺮﻟا تﺎّﻔﻟ
اﺬﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺄﻔﻄُﻳ ﻢﺛ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻋ تﻮﺻ رﺪﺼﻳ "0" ﱃإ (ﺮﺎﺗ) ﺖّﻗﺆﳌا ﻞﺼﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .(ﺮﺎﺗ) ﺖّﻗﻮﻣ ﰲ دّوﺰﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ
ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻳ .ﺄﻔﻄُﻳ (L) ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا .(O) ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا/لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،يوﺪﻳ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃﻹ .ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ
.ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ تﺎﻈﺤﻟ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻟا مﺎﻈﻧ
.ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒّﻗﻮﺘﻳ ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺖﺒﺤﺳ اذإ
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
يﺄﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا
.ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ىﺮﺧﻷا ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﱃإ هﺬﺧ ﻪﻔﻠﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲو ،ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ كزﺎﻬﺠﺑ صﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ﺺﺘﺨﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﻟاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﻢﺘﻳ ﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﺧ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ بﺮﻗأ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ تاودأ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺔّﻓﺎﺟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻔّﻔﺟ ﻢﺛ ،ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏو ﺔﺒﻃر ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒّﻈﻧ
.حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﻒّﻔﺟ .ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺎﻬّﻠﺒﺗ نأ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻞﺴﻏا
.ﺎﻬﻨﻋ مﺎﻌﻄﻟا تﺎﻔّﻠﺨﻣ دﺎﻌﺑﻹ ﺔّﻓﺎﺟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ تﺎﻣوﺎﻘﳌا ﻒّﻈﻧ
تﺎﺒّﻛﺮﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ ﺞﻨﻔﺳا ﺔﻌﻄﻗو نﻮﺤﺼﻠﻟ يدﺎﻋ ﻒّﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ًﻻﺪﺑ .اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎ ّ
ﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﻴﺴﻏ ﻦﻜ
.ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ
. زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺐﺤﺳاو ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﻚﺴﻣا -
.(7 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﲆﻋﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻓر لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﺲﻔﻨﺑو (F) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرز ﻂﻐﺿا -
ﻞﺧدا .ﻒّﻈﻨﳌا ﻦﻣ طﺎﻘﻧ ﻊﻀﺑ ﻒﺿأ . ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ءﻞﻣ ﻦﻜ ،ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا مﺎﻌﻄﻟا تﺎﻔّﻠﺨﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﻄﺘﻟ
.ﻒّﻔﺟو ﻞﺴﻏا .ﻪﻟﻮﻌﻔﻣ ﻒّﻈﻨﳌا ﺬﺧﺄﻳ ﻟ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد 10 ﺮﻈﺘﻧاو ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا
ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺮﻬﻈﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟاو ﺖﻫﺎﺒﻟا نﻮﻠﻟا :قﺎﺼﺘﻟﻼﻟ ﺔﻣوﺎﻘﻣ داﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ نﺎﺘﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا
.ﺎﻬﺘﻬﻜﻧو ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻲﻬﻃ ﲆﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﻻو ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺮﻫاﻮﻇ ﻲﻫ ،لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻦﻣ
107
AR
ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﺤﻟ تادﺎﺷرإ
لﻮﻠﺤﻟا ﺔﻨﻜﻤﳌا بﺎﺒﺳﻷا ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌا
يﺬﻟا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
.ضّرﺆﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا لﺎﺧدإ ﻢﺘﻳ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
.ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﻻ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ﻢﺛ ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﺑ ﻢﻜّﺤﺘﻟا رارزأ ﻂﻐﺿا
ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا .بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻂﺒﺿا
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻞّﻐﺸﺗ ﻟ ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا/لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
.ﺖّﻗﻮﳌا ﻂﺒﺿ ﻢﺘﻳ
ﻞﺧاد ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا لﺎﺧدا ﻢﺘﻳ
.ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا
ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﰲ ﻞﻗأ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﻣ ﻞﺧدأ
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻫﻮﻬﻃ ﻢﺘﻳ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ
.ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ
ﻞﺧاد ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ
.ًاﺪﺟ ةﺒﻛ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا
.ةﺰﻫﺎﺟ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا
ﻢﺛ ،ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرﺪﺑ ﻢﻜّﺤﺘﻟا رارزأ ﻂﻐﺿا
ﻊﺟار .ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿا
.تﺎﻔﺻﻮﻟا ﺐﻴﺘﻛ
ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻣ ﺔﻃﻮﺒﻀﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد
.ًاﺪﺟ
ﻢﺛ ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﺑ ﻢﻜّﺤﺘﻟا رارزأ ﻂﻐﺿا
ﺐﻴﺘﻛ ﻊﺟار .بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻂﺒﺿا
.تﺎﻔﺻﻮﻟا
.ًاﺪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﻀﺤﺘﻟا ﺖﻗو
وأ يﻮﻠﻌﻟا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا
ﺐﺠﻳ (ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ) ىﺮﺧأ تﺎﻧﻮﻜ ﺔﻴّﻄﻐﳌا
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺎﻬﻄﻠﺧ
تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا عاﻮﻧأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ةﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻛأ ﺎﻬﻄﻠﺧ
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﻬﻄﻣ ﻏ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا
.ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ
نﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﻰﻬﻄُﺗ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ تﺎﺒﺟو ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
ﻞﺒﻗ ﺖﻳﺰﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺨﻟا تﺎﺒﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻫدا وأ
.ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﺎﺧدإ
تﺎﺒﺟو لﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ مﻮﻘﺗ ﺖﻧأ
ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻏ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ
.ﺔﻳﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟا
ﻏ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﳌا ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺨﻟا تﺎﺒﺟﻮﻟا
.ﺔﺼّﻤﺤﻣ
ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﰲ ﻞﻗأ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﻣ ﻞﺧدأ
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻫﻮﻬﻃ ﻢﺘﻳ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ
.ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ
ﻞﺧاد ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ
.ًاﺪﺟ ةﺒﻛ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا
ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا لﺎﺧدا ﻢﺘﻳ
.ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﻞﺧدأ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا لﺎﺧدإ ﻢﺘﻳ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا
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AR
لﻮﻠﺤﻟا ﺔﻨﻜﻤﳌا بﺎﺒﺳﻷا ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌا
ﺐﺳﱰﺗ ،ﺔﻨﻫﺪﻣ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﻣ ﻀﺤﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ
ﺪﻟﻮّﺘﻳ .ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﱪﻛأ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﻛأ نﺎﺧد ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﻦﻋ
ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ يﺄﺑ ﻚﻟذ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﻻ .ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
ﲆﻋ وأ تﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌا ﻀﺤﺗ ﲆﻋ لﺎﻜﺷﻷا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
.ﺔﻨﻫﺪﻣ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﻣ داﺪﻋﺈﺑ مﻮﻘﺗ ﺖﻧأ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺾﻴﺑأ نﺎﺧد جﺮﺨﻳ
ﺪﺋاﺰﻟا عﺎﻔﺗرﻻا ﱃإ ﺾﻴﺑﻷا نﺎﺧﺪﻟا دﻮﻌﻳ
ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺖﻳﺰﻟا وأ ﻦﻫﺪﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرﺪﻟ
ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ .ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺪﻌﺑ
ﺔﻴﻨﻫد تﺎﻔّﻠﺨﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﻳ
.ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻧ
ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺎﻬﺒﻠﻗاو ﺔﺟزﺎﻃ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ عﻮﻧ لﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ مﻮﻘﺗ ﺖﻧأ
.ﲇﻘﻠﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻏ
ﲆﻋ ﺔﻌﻄﻘﳌاو ﺔﺟزﺎﻄﻟا ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻣ ﻏ ﴢﻋ ﻞﻜﺷ
.ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ
يﺬﻟا ﺎﺸﻨﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﻛ لزأو ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﻒﻄﺷأ
.ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ ﺐﺳﺮﺗ
.ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻗ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﻒّﻔﺟو ﻒﻄﺷأ
ﻦﻣ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﺢﻄﺳ ﻒﻴﻔﺠﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﻞﺒﻗ ءﺎﳌا
ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺗ ﺔﺟرد ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ
يﻮﺘﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﳌا
ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﲆﻋو ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ
.ةﻼﻘﳌا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا
ﲆﻋ ﺔﻌﻄﻘﳌا ﺔﺟزﺎﻄﻟا ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا
لﺎﺣ ﺔﺼّﻤﺤﻣ ﻏ ﴢﻋ ﻞﻜﺷ
.ةﻼﻘﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻟوﺎﻨﺗ
ةﻐﺻ ﴢﻋ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﻊّﻄﻗ
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﺼّﻤﺤﻣ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ ﲆﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﺗ ﻟ
.ﺪﻴﺟ
لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻛأ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻒﺿأ
.ﺺﻴﻤﺤﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺪﻴﺟ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﲆﻋ
109
AR
ǽǾǼȄdzǷǽǼǿǥǯǻǶǸ
ɉɨɩɪɢɬɟɳɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɢɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɿɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɞɨɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɯɞɿɸɱɢɯɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯɫɬɚɧ-
ɞɚɪɬɿɜɬɚɦɚɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɭɜɫɿɯɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɢɯɦɿɫɰɹɯɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɭɜɚɠɧɨɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢ
ɡɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɧɟɳɚɫɧɢɯ
ɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜɬɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɁɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɰɟɣɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɞɥɹɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿɣɭɦɚɣ-
ɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭɁɚɧɚɦɿɪɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢɰɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɧɲɨɦɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɭɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɫɭɩɪɨɜɨ-
ɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ȱɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɚɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢɹɤɿɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣ
Ɂɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɨɩɿɤɢ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɚɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɨɸ
ɍɜɚɝɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɛɢɬɤɢ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɢɯɡɿɧɲɢɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ǽǾǶǵǻǮȅdzǻǻȍ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜɉɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɩɿɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɿɞɤɨʀ ʀɠɿ əɤɳɨɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɽ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɚɥɢɯɩɨɪɰɿɣ
ɜɨɞɢɞɨɞɚɜɚɣɬɟɜɨɞɭɡɧɚɞɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨɸɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɿɫɬɸɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɞɨɞɚɬɢɳɟɜɨɞɢɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣ-
ɬɟɫɹɳɨɬɜɟɪɞɚʀɠɚɩɨɝɥɢɧɭɥɚɪɿɞɢɧɭəɤɳɨɞɨɞɚɬɢɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɛɚɝɚɬɨɜɨɞɢɜɨɧɚɦɨɠɟɜɢɥɢ-
ɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɞɟɹɤɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɫɬɜɨɪɸɸɱɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɚɛɨɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɸɱɢɩɨɲɤɨ-
ɞɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɢɜɛɭɞɶɹɤɟɿɧɲɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɰɶɨɝɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɰɟ
ɡɜɿɥɶɧɹɽɣɨɝɨɜɿɞɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿɡɚɡɛɢɬɤɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭȼɧɟɫɟɧɧɹɡɦɿɧɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɜɟɞɟɞɨɫɤɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɝɚɪɚɧɬɿʀ
ǵǮǹǶȆǸǼǰǥǾǶǵǶǸǶ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɚɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɨɸɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
Ɂɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɨɩɿɤɢɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɞɨɱɚɲɿɤɨɲɢɤɚɿɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯɱɚ-
ɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɿɫɥɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹ
ɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧ
ǵǮǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǻȍǵǯdzǵǽdzǸǶ
ɎȽȻɁɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɄɍɀȲɈɌɍɋɎɅɑȲȳɊɀɋɀȿɊɉɒȻɍɅɉɇȽɃɅɉɋɃɌɍȻɈɈɚ
ɐɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɭɦɨɜɚɯɬɚɜɭɦɨɜɚɯ
ɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɯɞɨɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɚɫɚɦɟ
ɧɚɤɭɯɧɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɿɜɨɮɿɫɿɜɬɚɭɿɧɲɢɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ
ɭɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ
-
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɤɥɿɽɧɬɚɦɢɝɨɬɟɥɿɜɦɨɬɟɥɿɜɬɚɿɧɲɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɠɢ-
ɜɚɧɧɹ
110
UA
ɭɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯɬɢɩɭ©EHGDQGEUHDNIDVWª
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɧɟɫɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɚɛɨɡɚɜɢ-
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɟɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɭɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɿɫɟɪ-
ɜɿɫɧɿɩɨɫɥɭɝɢɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɩɨɥɨɦɨɤɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɸ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɸɜɢɪɨɛɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɨȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨɝɨ
ɰɟɧɬɪɭ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɱɢɯɳɨɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶɞɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɯɚɛɨɧɚ-
ɞɚɧɢɯɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɪɢɡɢɤɭɩɨɠɟɠɿɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɫɬɪɭɦɨɦɬɚɦɨɠɟɡɚɜɞɚɬɢɲɤɨɞɭɥɸɞɹɦ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɭȯɋʋɜɿɞɳɨɞɨɦɚɬɟ-
ɪɿɚɥɿɜɹɤɿɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɸɬɶɡɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȒșȭȒȳȠȓȗ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɪɨɤɿɜɬɚɨɫɨɛɢɡɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢ-
ɦɢɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɢɦɢɚɛɨɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɦɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦ
ɞɨɫɜɿɞɨɦɚɛɨɡɧɚɧɧɹɦɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɚɛɨɩɿɫɥɹɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠɭɳɨɞɨɛɟɡ-
ɩɟɱɧɨɝɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɬɚɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɢɯɡɰɢɦɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
Ⱦɿɬɹɦɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɝɪɚɬɢɫɹɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɿɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɛɨɤɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ
ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɶɦɢɹɤɿɦɨɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜɬɚɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɬɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨ-
ɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɬɚɤɢɦɱɢɧɨɦɳɨɛɞɿɬɢɧɟɦɨɝɥɢɞɿɫɬɚɬɢɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧ
ȿɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɩɨɪɭɱɡɞɿɬɶɦɢɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɽ
ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨʀɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ
ɍɧɢɤɚɣɬɟɬɨɝɨɳɨɛɞɿɬɢɫɯɨɩɢɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɦɨɝɥɢɫɤɢɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɍɪɚɡɿɹɤɳɨɰɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɬɢɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹɭɹɤɨɫɬɿɜɿɞɯɨɞɿɜɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ
ɣɨɝɨɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɪɿɡɚɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɄɪɿɦɬɨɝɨɪɟ-
ɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɩɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹɡɭɫɿɦɚɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɳɨɦɨɠɭɬɶ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɥɹ
ɿɝɨɪ
ǵȎȟȠȓȞȓȔȓțțȭȝȞȜȜȝȳȘȖ
ɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɞɨɤɨɲɢɤɚɱɚɲɿɿɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɯɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɟ-
ɤɿɥɶɤɚɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɿɫɥɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɝɚɪɹ-
ɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜ
Ʉɨɥɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɟɩɪɚɰɸɽɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɿɞɚ-
ɜɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɬɢɩɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɇɟɩɟɪɟɦɿɳɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɤɢɜɿɧɳɟɦɿɫɬɢɬɶʀɠɭ
ɇɟɜɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɹɤɳɨɜɿɧɧɟɦɿɫɬɢɬɶʀɠɭ
ɇɚɫɢɩɚɣɬɟɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɡɚɜɠɞɢɿɬɿɥɶɤɢɭɤɨɲɢɤɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭʀɠɿɡ
111
UA
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɢɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɥɶɧɢɦɢɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɇɟɡɚɤɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɩɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚɛɿɪɧɢɤɢ
ɇɟɡɚɩɨɜɧɸɣɬɟɱɚɲɭɨɥɿɽɸɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɠɟɠɿ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɝɚɪɹɱɟɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɿɩɚɪɜɢɯɨɞɹɬɶɡɩɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚɛɿɪɧɢɤɚɇɟ
ɧɚɛɥɢɠɚɣɬɟɪɭɤɢɿɨɛɥɢɱɱɹɞɨɩɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚɛɿɪɧɢɤɚ
Ʉɨɥɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɿɫɬɚɽɬɶɫɹɱɚɲɚɡɜɿɞɬɢɬɚɤɨɠɜɢɯɨɞɹɬɶɝɚɪɹɱɟɩɨ-
ɜɿɬɪɹɿɩɚɪɇɟɧɚɛɥɢɠɚɣɬɟɪɭɤɢɿɨɛɥɢɱɱɹɞɨɱɚɲɿ
əɤɳɨɡɩɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚɛɿɪɧɢɤɚɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɱɨɪɧɢɣɞɢɦɧɟɝɚɣɧɨɜɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɡɩɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚ-
ɛɿɪɧɢɤɚɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɞɢɦȾɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɱɚɲɭɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɍɜɚɝɚɝɚɪɹɱɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȐȭȕȎțȎȕȓșȓȘȠȞȖȘȜȬ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɨɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶɳɨɜɤɚ-
ɡɚɧɚɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɧɚɩɪɭɡɿɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
əɤɳɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɛɭɞɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɧɟɭɬɿɣɤɪɚʀɧɿɞɟɜɿɧɛɭɜɩɪɢɞɛɚɧɢɣ
ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɬɟɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɭɐɟɧ-
ɬɪɿɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɂɚɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɜɚɱɚɜɿɧɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɿɞ-
ɩɨɜɿɞɚɬɢɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɳɨɛɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɚɦɞɥɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɿɝɚ-
ɪɚɧɬɭɜɚɬɢɛɟɡɩɟɤɭɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹɜɹɤɨɦɭɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɩɪɢɥɚɞ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɡɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
ɇɟɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɣɬɟɫɶɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɹɤɳɨɭɜɚɫɦɨɤɪɿɪɭɤɢɚɬɚɤɨɠɛɨɫɨɧɿɠ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ ɹɤɳɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɱɢɜɢɥ-
ɤɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɿɚɛɨɹɤɳɨɫɚɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɢɣɍɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɡɪɟɦɨɧɬɭ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢɡɚɦɿɧɭɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɋɟɪ-
ɜɿɫɧɢɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ©$ULHWHª ɚɛɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɫɬɚɦɢ
©$ULHWHªɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
ɇɟɩɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɛɭɞɶɹɤɿɿɧɲɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɢɡɜɟɥɢɤɨɸɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɸɩɟɱɿɩɪɚɫɤɢ
ɪɚɞɿɚɬɨɪɢɿɬɩɭɬɭɠɫɚɦɭɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɿɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɜɚɬɢɡɝɚɪɹɱɢɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɦɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɬɹɝɚɬɢɜɢɥɤɭɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɬɪɢɦɚɸɱɢʀʀɡɚɤɚɛɟɥɶ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɛɥɢɡɭɜɿɞɝɨɫɬɪɢɯɤɪɚʀɜɚɛɨɱɚɫɬɢɧ
ɇɟɩɟɪɟɫɭɜɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɬɹɝɧɭɱɢɣɨɝɨɡɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɝɪɨɡɢɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
112
UA
ȁȐȎȑȎȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȳȕȏȖȠȘȖ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɡɚɜɠɞɢɪɨɡɦɨɬɭɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɠɢɜɢɬɢɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɬɚɣɦɟɪɢɚɛɨɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ
ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤɡɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɿɣɧɢɦɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ
ɓɨɛɧɟɩɨɪɭɲɭɜɚɬɢɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɿɫɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɬɿɥɶɤɢɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶ-
ɧɿɡɚɩɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɬɚɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɱɿɫɯɜɚɥɟɧɿɫɚɦɢɦɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦ
ɉɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨɹɤɜɢɥɤɚɤɚɛɟɥɸɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɛɭɥɚɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɚɜɿɞɪɨ-
ɡɟɬɤɢɿɜɫɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɥɢɣɨɝɨɦɨɠɧɚɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ
ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɡɥɟɝɤɚɡɦɨɱɟɧɨɸɭɜɨɞɿɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɪɨɡɱɢɧɧɢɤɢɳɨɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɭɸɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ
ɇɟɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɛɥɢɡɭɡɚɣɦɢɫɬɢɯɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜɬɤɚɧɢɧɢɮɿɪɚɧɤɢ
ɉɟɪɲɧɿɠɩɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹɡɚɜɠɞɢɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɤɚɛɟɥɸ
ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɝɚɪɹɱɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɨɯɨɥɨ-
ɧɭɬɶ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɿɞɞɿɽɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯɹɜɢɳɞɨɳɫɨɧɰɟɿɬɩ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɧɚɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɦɭɩɨɜɿɬɪɿ
ɇɟɪɨɡɛɢɪɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞȼɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɹɤɢɦɢɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɚɛɨɦɢɬɢɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿ
Ɂɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɡɚɤɪɢɬɨɦɭɩɪɨɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɦɭɿɫɭɯɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȦȘȜȒȔȓțȪȝȜȐȭȕȎțȖȣȕȳțȦȖȚȖȝȞȖȥȖ-
țȎȚȖ
ȼɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɬɿɥɶɤɢɬɨɞɿɤɨɥɢɜɿɧɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɪɨɛɨɱɨɦɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɿ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɛɟɡɧɚɝɥɹɞɭɤɨɥɢɜɿɧɩɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɢɣɞɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿ
əɤɳɨɜɚɦɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɜɿɞɥɭɱɢɬɢɫɹɧɚɜɿɬɶɧɚɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣɱɚɫɡɚɜɠɞɢɜɢɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢ-
ɥɚɞɿɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɜɢɪɨɛɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨʀɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɢ
ȯɋɫɥɿɞɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɣɚɪɤɭɲɳɨɞɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɞɨɜɢɪɨɛɭ
ǵǯdzǾǥDZǮǷȀdzȄȌǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥȌ
113
UA
ǼǽǶǿǽǾǶǹǮDzȁ
$ɉɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚɛɿɪɧɢɤ - ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɢ
%ɋɟɧɫɨɪɧɚɩɚɧɟɥɶɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ .ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿʀ
&Ʉɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ / ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
'ɑɚɲɚ 0ȼɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɱɚɫɭɿɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ
(Ɋɭɱɤɚ 1Ʉɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ
)Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɪɨɡɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɨɲɢɤɚ 2Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
*Ɏɿɤɫɚɬɨɪ 3Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɢɛɨɪɭɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ
+Ʉɨɲɢɤ 4Ʉɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
, Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ǥȒȓțȠȖȢȳȘȎȤȳȗțȳȒȎțȳ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɹɤɚɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɨɩɨɪɧɨɸɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɨɸɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɿɬɚɤɿɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɿ
ɞɚɧɧɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɿɦɚɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ&(
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɆɨɞ
ɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ61
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɚɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹȼɿɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɚɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɶȼɬ
ɧɨɦɟɪɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɨʀɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨʀɥɿɧɿʀ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɝɨɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹɞɨɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɿɜɜɤɚɠɿɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɿɫɟ-
ɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǽdzǾdzDzǽǼȅǮȀǸǼǺǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɩɚɤɭɜɚɥɶɧɿɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɢɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɪɿɜɧɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɜɿɞɞɚɥɿɤɜɿɞɜɨɞɢɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ-
ɫɹɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɧɚɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɜɢɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɣɞɨɜɢɫɨɤɢɯɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
- ɉɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɪɨɡɩɪɚɜɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
Ɋɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɤɭɠɬɺɴɩɨɛɪɫɮɞɛɟɩɧɛɳɨɷɩʁɧɠɫɠɡʀɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɛɢɭʀɾɹɴɩɝɥɛɢɛɨɛ
ɨɛɭɛɜɦɣɲɱʀɭɠɰɨʀɲɨɣɰɟɛɨɣɰɪɫɣɦɛɟɮ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɜɿɞɫɬɚɧɿɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɫɦɜɿɞɫɬɿɧɦɟɛɥɿɜɬɚɿɧɲɢɯɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɜ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɟɪɲɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɨɦɢɣɬɟɱɚɲɭ'ɿɤɨɲɢɤ+
ȼɿɡɶɦɿɬɶɫɹɡɚɪɭɱɤɭ(ɿɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɱɚɲɭɪɚɡɨɦɡɤɨɲɢɤɨɦɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ&Ɋɢɫ
Ɂɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɮɿɤɫɚɬɨɪ*ɭɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭɤɨɲɢɤɚɊɢɫ
- ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɨɡɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɨɲɢɤɚ)ɿɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɤɨɲɢɤɡɱɚɲɿɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɸɱɢ
ɣɨɝɨɜɝɨɪɭɊɢɫ
ɑɚɲɭɿ ɤɨɲɢɤɦɨɠɧɚ ɦɢɬɢɭ ɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿ ɍɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ
ɦɢɸɱɢɣɡɚɫɿɛɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɭɿɦɹɤɭɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɭɝɭɛɤɭȾɢɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ³ɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ´
114
UA
ǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥǦǵǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɯɚɪɱɨɜɿɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɭɤɨɲɢɤɇɟɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɣɬɟɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɨɸ0$;
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɤɨɲɢɤɭɱɚɲɭɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɣɡɜɭɤɤɥɚɰɫɩɨɜɿɳɚɽɩɪɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭɊɢɫ
Ɂɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɮɿɤɫɚɬɨɪ*ɭɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭɪɭɱɤɢ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɱɚɲɭɜɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɚɥɴɩɲɛɳɛɝɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɛɨɠɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩɪɫɣɦɛɟɨɠɮɝʀɧɥɨɠɭɷɬɺ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
Ɂɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɨɤɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ1ɨɛɟɪɿɬɶɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɉɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɜɿɞ&ɞɨ&ɡɤɪɨɤɨɦɧɚɥɚɲɬɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹ&
Ɂɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɚɫɭ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ 4 ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ Ɇɨɠɧɚ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɱɚɫɜɿɞɯɜɢɥɢɧɢɞɨɯɜɢɥɢɧɡɤɪɨɤɨɦɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɧɭɯɜɢɥɢɧɭ
ɓɨɛɩɪɢɲɜɢɞɲɢɬɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɭɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɱɚɫɭɿɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ-
ɬɭɪɢɧɚɬɢɫɧɟɧɢɦɢ
ɍɹɤɨɫɬɿɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢɦɨɠɧɚɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɬɢɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɢɛɨɪɭɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ3Ɉɛɟɪɿɬɶɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɭɩɪɢ-
ɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨɬɢɩɭɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɱɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭɞɢɜ³ɉɨɪɚɞɢɡɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧ-
ɧɹ´ɡɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɸɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɽɸɳɨɞɨɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ2ɳɨɛɪɨɡɩɨɱɚɬɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿʀ.ɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɶɫɹɜɤɚɡɭɸɱɢɧɚɬɟɳɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿɹɩɨɱɚɥɚɩɪɚɰɸ-
ɜɚɬɢ
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ/ɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɶɫɹ
-
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɱɧɟɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɯɚɪɱɨɜɿɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɨɠɧɚɩɨɦɿɬɢɬɢɳɨɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ/ɩɟɪɿɨɞɢɱɧɨɡɚɝɨɪɹɽɬɶɫɹ
ɿɝɚɫɧɟɐɟɜɤɚɡɭɽɧɚɪɨɛɨɬɭɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚɹɤɢɣɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɽɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹɇɚɞɢɫɩɥɟʀɛɭɞɭɬɶɱɟɪɝɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɡɜɨɪɨɬɧɶɨɝɨɜɿɞɥɿɤɭ ɱɚɫɭɬɚɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨʀ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɓɨɛɡɦɿɧɢɬɢɱɚɫɿɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɏɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɬɹ ɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜȾɢɜɤɧɢɠɟɱɤɭɡɪɟɰɟɩɬɚɦɢ
Ɇɨɠɧɚɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɪɨɡɿɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɯɚɪɱɨɜɿɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ
ɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɚɛɨɞɨɞɚɬɢɱɚɫɪɨɡɿɝɪɿɜɭɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɞɨɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɉɠɢɛɪɩɝɨɹɤɭɠɲɛɳɮɩɦʀɾɹ
Ɉɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɨɭɛɡɮɤɭɠ ɥɩɳɣɥ ɨɛɟɦɣɳɥɩɝɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ʁɡʀ ȿɩɭɫɣɧɮɤɭɠɬɷ ɧɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɩʁ
ɟɩɢɝɩɦɠɨɩʁɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀɺɥɮɝɥɛɢɮɾɪɩɢɨɛɲɥɛɫʀɝɨɺ
ɊʀɟɲɛɬɪɠɫɳɩɞɩɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺɪɫɣɦɛɟɧɩɡɠɝɣɟʀɦɺɭɣɦɠɞɥɣɤɢɛɪɛɰɭɛɟɣɧɈɠɭɮɫɜɮɤ-
ɭɠɬɺɱɠɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɠɺɝɣɴɠɛɟɡɠɟɠɺɥʀɲɛɬɭɣɨɣɜɮɦɣɢɦɠɞɥɛɢɧɛɴɠɨʀɪʀɬɦɺɨɠɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɞɩ
ɲɛɬɮɢɛɪɛɰɢɨɣɥɨɠɑɠɨɠɧɛɭɣɧɠɡɩɟɨɩɞɩɝɪɦɣɝɮɨɛɫɩɜɩɭɮɪɫɣɦɛɟɮ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɢɧɚɩɚɭɡɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɳɨɛɩɟɪɟɦɿɲɚɬɢɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢ
ɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɨɰɟɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ȼɿɡɶɦɿɬɶɫɹɡɚɪɭɱɤɭɿɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɱɚɲɭɩɨɬɹɝɧɭɜɲɢɧɚɡɨɜɧɿɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɟɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɬɢ
ɉɨɬɪɹɫɿɬɶɱɚɲɭɳɨɛɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɥɢɫɹɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɨ
ɓɨɛɩɨɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɨɛɨɬɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɫɬɚɜɬɟɱɚɲɭɭʀʀɝɧɿɡɞɨ
115
UA
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɞɨɱɚɲɿɤɨɲɢɤɚɿɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɌɪɹɫɭɱɢɱɚɲɭɧɟɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɣɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɨɡɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɨɲɢɤɚ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɄɨɥɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɿɫɬɚɽɬɶɫɹɱɚɲɚɡɜɿɞɬɢɬɚɤɨɠɜɢɯɨɞɹɬɶɝɚɪɹ-
ɱɟɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɿɩɚɪɇɟɧɚɛɥɢɠɚɣɬɟɪɭɤɢɿɨɛɥɢɱɱɹɞɨɱɚɲɿ
ɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɞɚɫɬɶɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɿɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹəɤɳɨɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧ-
ɬɢɧɟɝɨɬɨɜɿɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɩɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɢɱɚɲɭɧɚɡɚɞɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɬɚɣɦɟɪɧɚɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ɓɨɛɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɪɭɱɧɭɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ2ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɪɢɝɨɬɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹ/ɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿʀɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞ
Ⱦɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɱɚɲɭ
Ɂɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɮɿɤɫɚɬɨɪ*ɭɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭɤɨɲɢɤɚɊɢɫ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɨɡɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɨɲɢɤɚ)ɿɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɤɨɲɢɤɡɱɚɲɿɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɸɱɢ
ɣɨɝɨɜɝɨɪɭɊɢɫ
ɇɚɫɢɩɬɟɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɭɬɚɪɿɥɤɭɉɨɞɚɣɬɟɧɚɫɬɿɥ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɞɨɱɚɲɿɤɨɲɢɤɚɿɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚ
ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɿɫɥɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɚɧɿɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɦɚɸɬɶɡɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɢɣ
ɚɧɟɱɨɪɧɢɣɚɛɨɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɢɣɤɨɥɿɪɁɧɿɦɿɬɶɡɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɩɿɞ-
ɝɨɪɿɥɨɝɨ
ɔɩɜɟʀɬɭɛɭɣɝɠɦɣɥʀɛɜɩɥɫɣɰɥʀʀɨɞɫɠɟʀɾɨɭɣɢɥɩɳɣɥɛɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɤɭɠɥɮɦʀɨɛɫɨʀɴʀɪɱʀ
ɇɩɡɦɣɝɣɤɨɛɟɦɣɳɩɥɩɦʀʁɨɛɥɩɪɣɲɮɾɭɷɬɺɨɛɟɨʀɲɛɳʀ
Ɋʀɬɦɺɢɛɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʀɨɞɫɠɟʀɾɨɭʀɝ ɪɫɣɦɛɟ ɧɩɡɨɛɢɫɛɢɮɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ
ɪɩɝɭɩɫɨɩɟɦɺɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺʀɨɳɣɰɰɛɫɲɩɝɣɰɪɫɩɟɮɥɭʀɝ
ǽȜȞȎȒȖȕȝȞȖȑȜȠȡȐȎțțȭ
Ɂɚɛɚɠɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɢɧɚɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɿɣɪɨɡɿɝɪɿɜɛɟɡɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜ
Ɂɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɨɤɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ1ɨɛɟɪɿɬɶɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɂɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɨɤɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ4ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɬɚɣɦɟɪɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɿɠ
ɧɚɬɪɢɯɜɢɥɢɧɢ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ2
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɱɧɟɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɬɢ
Ɇɟɧɲɿɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɶɬɪɨɯɢɤɨɪɨɬɲɨɝɨɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɭɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿɡɛɿɥɶɲɢɦɢ
ɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɚɦɢ
Ȼɿɥɶɲɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɽɬɪɨɯɢɞɨɜɲɨɝɨɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɚɦɟɧɲɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ±
ɤɨɪɨɬɲɨɝɨɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ⱦɥɹɨɩɬɢɦɿɡɚɰɿʀɮɿɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɭɿɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɦɿ-
ɲɚɣɬɟɦɟɧɲɿɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɧɚɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɩɪɨɰɟɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɓɨɛɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɯɪɭɫɬɤɭɫɤɨɪɢɧɤɭɞɨɞɚɣɬɟɨɞɧɭɥɨɠɤɭɨɥɿʀɞɨɫɜɿɠɨʀɚɛɨɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɨʀɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿ
Ɂɚɤɭɫɤɢɳɨɝɨɬɭɸɬɶɫɹɭɩɟɱɿɦɨɠɧɚɬɚɤɨɠɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɭɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɧɿɣɮɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɿ
Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɯɪɭɫɬɤɨʀɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿɮɪɿɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨɤɝ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɝɨɬɨɜɭɩɚɫɬɭɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɮɚɪɲɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɯɡɚɤɭɫɨɤɰɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɿɲɜɢɞɤɨ
Ȼɿɥɶɲɬɨɝɨɭɠɟɝɨɬɨɜɚɩɚɫɬɚɝɨɬɭɽɬɶɫɹɲɜɢɞɲɟɧɿɠɩɚɫɬɚɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɚɧɚɜɞɨɦɚ
116
UA
ǰȖȕțȎȥȓțȳȝȞȜȑȞȎȚȖ
ɍɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿɣɬɚɛɥɢɰɿɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɿɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢɧɚɹɜɧɿɭɩɚɧɟɥɿɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ& ɑɚɫɯɜ
ɫɦɚɠɟɧɚ ɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟ-
ɧɚɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɹ
ɦɹɫɨ
ɪɚɤɨɩɨɞɿɛɧɿ
ɫɨɥɨɞɨɳɿ
ɤɭɪɹɬɢɧɚ
ɱɟɪɜɨɧɟɦɹɫɨ
ɪɢɛɚ
Ʉɨɠɟɧɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ Ʉɨɠɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚ ɦɚɽɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɟɦ-
ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɿɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɿɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɿɬɢɩɭɯɚɪɱɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭɑɚɫɩɪɢ-
ɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɨɪɿɽɧɬɨɜɧɢɣɬɨɛɬɨɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶɬɚɤɨɠɜɿɞɬɨɜɳɢɧɢɿɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿʀɠɿɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɿɱɚɫɭɭɡɚɡɞɚɥɟɝɿɞɶɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚɯɦɨɠɧɚɬɚɤɨɠɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ
ɋɦɚɠɟɧɚɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɹɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɚ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ɋɦɚɠɟɧɚɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɹɫɜɿɠɚ ɉɟɪɲɢɣɰɢɤɥɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɣɰɢɤɥɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ɋɦɚɠɟɧɿɨɜɨɱɿ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ʉɚɪɬɨɩɥɹɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ʉɪɨɤɟɬɢ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ʉɪɨɤɟɬɢɡɤɭɪɹɬɢɧɢ ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ʉɭɪɹɱɿɫɬɟɝɧɚ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ȼɿɮɲɬɟɤɫ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ʉɨɬɥɟɬɢ ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ʉɪɟɜɟɬɤɢ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ɍɨɪɬ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ʉɿɲ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ɋɢɛɚ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
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ȼɿɞɛɢɜɧɚɿɡɫɜɢɧɢɧɢ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ɋɩɪɿɧɝɪɨɥɢ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ȂȡțȘȤȳȭȎȐȠȜȚȎȠȖȥțȜȑȜȐȖȚȘțȓțțȭ
ɐɟɣ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦ Ʉɨɥɢ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɞɨɫɹɝɚɽ ³´ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɩɨɞɚɽ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɣ ɫɢɝ-
ɧɚɥɿɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɜɢɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹɓɨɛɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɪɭɱɧɭɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
ɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ2ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ/ɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿʀɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɱɟɪɟɡ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞ
əɤɳɨɞɿɫɬɚɬɢɱɚɲɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹ
ȅǶǿȀǸǮǥȀdzȃǻǥȅǻdzǼǯǿǹȁDZǼǰȁǰǮǻǻȍ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɡɚɜɠɞɢɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȼɫɿ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɤɨɥɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɯɨɥɨɞɧɢɣ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɡɚɧɭɪɸɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɣɬɟɫɬɚɧɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɜɚɲɨɝɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɹɤɳɨɤɚɛɟɥɶɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɢɣɞɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɧɚɣɛɥɢɠɱɢɣɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣɰɟɧɬɪɞɥɹɡɚɦɿɧɢ
ɤɚɛɟɥɸɹɤɭɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɢɣɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɿɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɢɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȝȞȖșȎȒȡ
ȼɢɬɪɿɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɜɨɥɨɝɨɸɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɚɩɨɬɿɦɫɭɯɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸ
Ⱦɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨʀɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɭɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɭɡɦɨɱɟɧɭɝɚ-
ɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸȼɢɬɪɿɬɶɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɞɨɫɭɯɚ
Ⱦɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɥɶɧɢɯɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɫɭɯɭɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɭɳɨɛɭɫɭɧɭɬɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɢʀɠɿ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȘȜȚȝȜțȓțȠȳȐ
ɑɚɲɭɿ ɤɨɲɢɤɦɨɠɧɚ ɦɢɬɢɭ ɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿ ɍɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ
ɦɢɸɱɢɣɡɚɫɿɛɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɭɿɦɹɤɭɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɭɝɭɛɤɭ
ȼɿɡɶɦɿɬɶɫɹɡɚɪɭɱɤɭɿɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɱɚɲɭɪɚɡɨɦɡɤɨɲɢɤɨɦɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
- ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɨɡɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɨɲɢɤɚ)ɿɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɤɨɲɢɤɡɱɚɲɿɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɸɱɢ
ɣɨɝɨɜɝɨɪɭɊɢɫ
ɓɨɛɪɨɡɦɹɤɲɢɬɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɢʀɠɿɧɚɤɨɲɢɤɭɦɨɠɧɚɧɚɩɨɜɧɢɬɢɱɚɲɭɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸȾɨɞɚɣɬɟ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɦɢɸɱɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɤɨɲɢɤɿɡɚɥɢɲɬɟɧɚɯɜɢɥɢɧɳɨɛɩɨɞɿɹɜɡɚɫɿɛ
ɉɨɦɢɣɬɟɿɜɢɫɭɲɿɬɶ
ɒɛɳɛ ʀ ɥɩɳɣɥ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨʀ ɢ ɨɠɪɫɣɞɛɫɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ ɧɛɭɩɝʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɬɦʀɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ
ɢɺɝɣɭɣɬɺɪʀɬɦɺɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɞɩɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺɾɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɣɧɺɝɣɴɠɧʀɨɠɪɬɮɹɭɷɪɫɩɱɠɬ
ɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺɛɜɩɬɧɛɥɰɛɫɲɩɝɣɰɪɫɩɟɮɥɭʀɝ
118
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ǽǥDzǸǮǵǸǶDzǹȍǰǶǾǥȆdzǻǻȍDzdzȍǸǶȃǽǾǼǯǹdzǺ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ Ƀɦɨɜɿɪɧɿɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ȼɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɩɪɚɰɸɽ ȼɢɥɤɚɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɜɟɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɭɡɚ-
ɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ
ɇɟɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣɬɚɣɦɟɪ Ɂɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɨɤɤɟɪɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹɱɚɫɨɦɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɛɚɠɚɧɢɣɱɚɫɩɪɢ-
ɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭ
ɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɳɨɛ
ɪɨɡɩɨɱɚɬɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɑɚɲɚɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ Ⱦɨɛɪɟɜɫɬɚɜɬɟɱɚɲɭɜɫɟɪɟ-
ɞɢɧɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ȱɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɧɟɝɨɬɨɜɿ Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜɜɫɟɪɟ-
ɞɢɧɿɱɚɲɿɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɦɟɧɲɟɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧ-
ɬɿɜɭɤɨɲɢɤɆɟɧɲɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɝɨɬɭɽɬɶɫɹɛɿɥɶɲɨɞɧɨɪɿɞɧɨ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɧɢɡɶɤɚ Ɂɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɨɤ
ɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɸ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶ
ɛɚɠɚɧɭɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭȾɢɜ
ɤɧɢɠɟɱɤɭɡɪɟɰɟɩɬɚɦɢ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ Ɂɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɨɤɤɟɪɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹɱɚɫɨɦɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɛɚɠɚɧɢɣɱɚɫ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹȾɢɜɤɧɢɠɟɱɤɭ
ɡɪɟɰɟɩɬɚɦɢ
ȱɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ
ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɿɞɧɨ Ⱦɟɹɤɿɬɢɩɢɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜɧɟɨɛ-
ɯɿɞɧɨɩɟɪɟɦɿɲɭɜɚɬɢɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚ
ɪɚɡɿɜɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ȱɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɳɨɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ
ɡɜɟɪɯɭɚɛɨɹɤɿɩɨɤɪɢɬɿɿɧɲɢ-
ɦɢɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɚɦɢɤɚɪɬɨɩ-
ɥɟɸɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɩɟɪɟɦɿɲɭ-
ɜɚɬɢɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɋɦɚɠɟɧɿɡɚɤɭɫɤɢɧɟɯɪɭɫɬɤɿ ȼɢɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɟɬɢɩɢɡɚ-
ɤɭɫɨɤɹɤɿɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɿɣɧɢɦɢɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɡɚɤɭɫɤɢɹɤɿ
ɝɨɬɭɸɬɶɫɹɭɩɟɱɿɚɛɨɡɦɚ-
ɳɭɣɬɟɡɚɤɭɫɤɢɨɥɿɽɸɩɟɪɲ
ɧɿɠɩɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɢʀɯɭɤɨɲɢɤ
ɑɚɲɚɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶ-
ɧɨ Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜɜɫɟɪɟ-
ɞɢɧɿɱɚɲɿɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɦɟɧɲɟɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧ-
ɬɿɜɭɤɨɲɢɤɆɟɧɲɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɝɨɬɭɽɬɶɫɹɛɿɥɶɲɨɞɧɨɪɿɞɧɨ
Ʉɨɲɢɤɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɭɱɚɲɭ Ⱦɨɛɪɟɜɫɬɚɜɬɟɤɨɲɢɤɜɫɟɪɟ-
ɞɢɧɭɱɚɲɿ
119
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ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ Ƀɦɨɜɿɪɧɿɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ȼɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ
Ɂɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɛɿɥɢɣ
ɞɢɦ ȼɢɝɨɬɭɽɬɟɛɿɥɶɲɠɢɪɧɿ
ɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢ ɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɛɿɥɶɲ
ɠɢɪɧɢɯɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜɭɱɚɲɿ
ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɭɽɬɶɫɹɛɿɥɶɲɟɨɥɿʀ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɨɥɿɹ
ɜɢɞɿɥɹɽɛɿɥɶɲɟɛɿɥɨɝɨɞɢɦɭ
ɧɿɠɡɚɡɜɢɱɚɣɐɟɧɟɦɚɽ
ɠɨɞɧɨɝɨɜɩɥɢɜɭɧɚɩɪɢɝɨ-
ɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜɚɛɨɧɚ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɍɱɚɲɿɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹɡɚɥɢɲɤɢ
ɠɢɪɭɜɿɞɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɿɯɩɪɢɝɨ-
ɬɭɜɚɧɶ
Ȼɿɥɢɣɞɢɦɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɦɠɢɪɭɚɛɨɨɥɿʀ
ɹɤɿɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹɭɱɚɲɿ
Ɋɟɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɱɚɲɭɩɿɫɥɹ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɋɜɿɠɚɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɹɩɨɪɿɡɚɧɚ
ɫɨɥɨɦɤɨɸɫɦɚɠɢɬɶɫɹɧɟɨ-
ɞɧɨɪɿɞɧɨ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɬɢɩ
ɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɣɞɥɹ
ɫɦɚɠɟɧɧɹ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɫɜɿɠɭɤɚɪɬɨ-
ɩɥɸɿɧɟɡɚɛɭɜɚɣɬɟɩɟɪɟɜɟɪ-
ɬɚɬɢʀʀɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɋɩɨɥɿɫɤɭɣɬɟɿɩɪɨɫɭɲɭɣɬɟ
ɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɸɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɫɦɚɠɢɬɢ
ʀʀ
ɋɩɨɥɿɫɤɭɣɬɟɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɸɿ
ɜɢɞɚɥɹɣɬɟɭɜɟɫɶɤɪɨɯɦɚɥɶ
ɹɤɢɣɡɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿ
ɋɜɿɠɚɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɹɩɨɪɿɡɚɧɚ
ɫɨɥɨɦɤɨɸɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɯɪɭɫɬɤɨɸɩɿɫɥɹɫɦɚɠɟɧɧɹɭ
ɮɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɿ
ɏɪɭɫɬɤɿɫɬɶɫɦɚɠɟɧɨʀɤɚɪɬɨ-
ɩɥɿɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶɜɿɞɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ
ɜɨɞɢɳɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹɜɤɚɪɬɨ-
ɩɥɿɿɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿɨɥɿʀɧɚɥɢɬɨɸ
ɭɮɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɸ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɜɨɞɚɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿɞɨɛɪɟɜɢ-
ɫɭɲɟɧɚɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɞɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ
ɨɥɿɸ
Ⱦɥɹɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɛɿɥɶɲɨʀɯɪɭ-
ɫɬɤɨɫɬɿɪɿɠɬɟɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɸɧɚ
ɫɨɥɨɦɤɭɦɟɧɲɨɝɨɪɨɡɦɿɪɭ
Ⱦɨɞɚɣɬɟɬɪɿɲɤɢɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ
ɨɥɿʀɳɨɛɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɛɿɥɶɲɭ
ɯɪɭɫɬɤɿɫɬɶ
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Baljen må ikke fyldes med olie.
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