Candy CELF609X/E User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for CELF609X/E by Candy which is a product in the Ovens category. This manual has pages.
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ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚɌɟɯɧɢɤɢȻɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɈɛɳɢɟɆɟɪɵɉɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
Ⱦɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɹɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ
Ɇɟɪɵɉɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɄɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
ɉɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢȾɭɯɨɜɤɢ
ȼɟɪɬɟɥ
ɋɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɧɨɟɈɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ
Ⱦɟɦɨɧɬɚɠɢɨɱɢɫɬɤɚɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ3URH[SU
ɑɢɫɬɤɚȾɭɯɨɜɤɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɉɟɪɜɵɦɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦȾɭɯɨɜɤɢ
ɂFʌȠɥɶEDKɢHWDɣPHSD2NRKɱDKɢɹ%SHPHKɢ
ɉSɢɝRWREɥHKɢɹ
ɈɩɢɫɚɧɢɟȾɢɫɩɥɟɹ
58
Ɍɚɣɦɟɪɋɋɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɦɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɄɚɤɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹȾɭɯɨɜɤɨɣ
ɋɨɜɟɬɵɉɨɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɸɉɢɳɢ
ɋɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ Ȼɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɋɨɛɥɸɞɚɣɬɟɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɧɟɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɣɬɟɫɶɞɨɧɢɯ
Ⱦɟɬɢɦɨɥɨɠɟɥɟɬɧɟɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɬɶɫɹɤɛɵɬɨɜɨɦɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɛɟɡɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɦɛɵɬɨɜɵɦɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɞɟɬɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɥɟɬɚɬɚɤɠɟɥɸɞɢɫɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɦɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɢɥɢ
ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ
ɩɪɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɟɫɥɢɨɧɢɨɫɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɵɨɛɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɹɯ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɞɟɬɹɦɢɝɪɚɬɶɫɛɵɬɨɜɵɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚɢɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɞɨɥɠɧɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɞɟɬɶɦɢɛɟɡɧɚɞɡɨɪɚɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ
ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɸɬɫɹɞɨɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɋɨɛɥɸɞɚɣɬɟɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɧɟɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɣɬɟɫɶɞɨ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯɜɧɭɬɪɢɩɟɱɢ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶɤɧɟɦɭɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɦɞɟɬɹɦ
ɇɟɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɨɣɞɜɟɪɰɵɩɟɱɢɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɦɢɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢɢɨɫɬɪɵɦɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɤɪɟɛɤɚɦɢ
ɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɰɚɪɚɩɚɬɶɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɱɬɨɜɫɜɨɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɪɚɫɬɪɟɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɸɫɬɟɤɥɚ
ɉɟɪɟɞɫɧɹɬɢɟɦɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɟɱɶɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɚɉɨɫɥɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɧɚ
ɦɟɫɬɨɤɚɤɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨɜɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɬɚɤɨɣɞɚɬɱɢɤɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɞɥɹɷɬɨɣɩɟɱɢ
ɇɟɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɚɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɑɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɡɚɦɟɧɨɣ ɥɚɦɩɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɱɬɨ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢɢɧɨɪɦɚɦɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɭɤɚɡɚɧɬɢɩɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɲɧɭɪɚɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɞɨɥɠɧɚɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɡɚɞɧɟɣɫɬɟɧɤɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɨɧɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɲɧɭɪɨɦɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɭ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɢɥɢɭɚɝɟɧɬɚɩɨɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ ɑɬɨɛɵɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɦɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɣɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɞɨɥɠɟɧɡɚɩɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɟɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɬɚɣɦɟɪɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿɉɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɝɪɢɥɹɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɦɨɝɭɬɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɫɹɞɨɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɞɟɬɹɦ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶɤɩɟɱɢ
ɩɟɪɟɞɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɱɢɫɬɤɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɩɪɨɥɢɜɲɭɸɫɹɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɇɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶɤɩɟɱɢɞɟɬɹɦ
ɉɊȺȼɂɅȺɌȿɏɇɂɄɂȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ
ɈȻɓɂȿɆȿɊɕɉɊȿȾɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɈɋɌɂ
ɑɬɨɛɵɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɯɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɩɪɢɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɪɨɱɬɢɬɟɷɬɨɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɩɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟɢɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɢɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹɤɧɟɦɭɩɨɦɟɪɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢȼɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɡɚɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣɰɟɧɬɪɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɟɫɟɪɢɣɧɨɣɧɨɦɟɪɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣɜɟɟɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ
ɉɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɜɵɪɚɫɩɚɤɭɟɬɟɞɭɯɨɜɤɭɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɱɬɨɧɚɧɟɣɧɟɬɧɢɤɚɤɢɯɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɣɧɟɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ
ɞɭɯɨɜɤɨɣɚɫɜɹɠɢɬɟɫɶɫɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦɩɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ
ɏɪɚɧɢɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɟɦɟɲɤɢɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɢɢɡɩɨɥɢɫɬɢɪɨɥɚɝɜɨɡɞɢɜɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣɦɟɫɬɟɬɚɤɤɚɤɷɬɢ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɢɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɧɟɫɟɬɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɢɭɛɵɬɤɢ
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿɎɭɧɤɰɢɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɢɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɨɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɦɨɝɭɬɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹɜ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɦɨɞɟɥɢɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ
58
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɫ
ɩɢɳɟɣ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ
ȿȿɋ
Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɚɹɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɭɧɚɷɬɨɣɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɦɵɡɚɹɜɥɹɟɦɩɨɞ
ɧɚɲɭɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɨɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɜɫɟɦȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦɧɨɪɦɚɦ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɨɯɪɚɧɵɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɜɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɞɥɹɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɜɢɞɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ
ȾȿɄɅȺɊȺɐɂəɋɈɈɌȼȿɌɋɌȼɂə
ɆȿɊɕɉɊȿȾɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɈɋɌɂ
Ⱦɭɯɨɜɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɟɟ ɩɪɹɦɨɦɭ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɬɨɟɫɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɅɸɛɵɟ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɟɟɞɥɹ
ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɢ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɤɚɤɢɟɥɢɛɨ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɢɥɢɧɟɛɪɟɠɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦɫɧɟɣ
ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɬɟɯɧɢɤɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɢɥɤɢ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɫɥɭɞɭɟɬɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɫɹɡɚɜɢɥɤɭɚɧɟɡɚɫɚɦɤɚɛɟɥɶ
ɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɞɭɯɨɜɤɟɦɨɤɪɵɦɢɢɥɢɜɥɚɠɧɵɦɢɪɭɤɚɦɢ
ɢɥɢɧɨɝɚɦɢ
ɇɟɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶɞɭɯɨɜɤɨɣɟɫɥɢɧɚɜɚɲɢɯɧɨɝɚɯɧɟɬɨɛɭɜɢ
ɇɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɢɥɢ
ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɲɧɭɪɚɦɢ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɟɟɩɚɞɟɧɢɹɢɥɢ
ɩɨɞɪɭɝɨɣɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɞɭɯɨɜɤɭɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɨɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɢɧɟɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɣɬɟɫɶɞɨɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶɞɨɥɠɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
Ɉɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ ɬɢɩɚ
+55) +99) ɢɥɢ +99) Ʉɚɛɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɦɟɬɶ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ
ɬɨɤɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵɣɞɭɯɨɜɤɨɣ
Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ
ɉɪɨɜɨɞɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹɠɟɥɬɨɡɟɥɟɧɵɣɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɧɚɦɦ
ɞɥɢɧɧɟɟɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜɤɚɛɟɥɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɬɟɦ
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɢɪɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɉɪɢ ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɩɪɨɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ
ɇɟɢɡɦɟɧɹɣɬɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɩɭɬɟɦɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɜɟɟ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ
ɇɟ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɜ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɟ ɝɨɪɸɱɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ
ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɦɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɢɬɶɫɹ
ɇɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɫɚɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɜɢɫɚɬɶɧɟɧɟɣ
ɉɪɢ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɜ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɭ ɩɢɳɢ ɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɡ ɧɟɟ ɩɢɳɢ
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦɢɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɚɦɢ
Ʉɨɞɨɜɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɋɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɄȺ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚȿɫɥɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɦɨɳɶɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɞɥɹ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣɬɨɡɚɷɬɭɪɚɛɨɬɭɛɭɞɟɬɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɫɱɟɬɬɚɤɤɚɤɷɬɚ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɟɜɯɨɞɢɬɜɫɮɟɪɭɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɩɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɧɟɫɬɢ ɜɪɟɞ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɪɱɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɬɚɤɢɟɩɨɬɟɪɢ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
ɧɟɧɢɠɟɋ
Ⱦɭɯɨɜɤɚɦɨɠɟɬɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɜɟɪɯɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɫɬɨɣɤɢɢɥɢɩɨɞ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɶɞɭɯɨɜɤɭɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɱɬɨɜɨɬɫɟɤɟɝɞɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɷɬɨɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɥɹɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɢ
ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ ɋɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɢɩɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɊȿɄɈɆȿɇȾȺɐɂɂ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɣɬɟ ɟɟ
ɱɢɫɬɤɭ
ɇɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ
ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɥɶɝɨɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɨɞɧɨɪɚɡɨɜɵɦɢ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚɯȺɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɚɹɮɨɥɶɝɚɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɨɣ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɫ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ
ɷɦɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɦɨɠɟɬɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɢɬɶɫɹɢ
ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɷɦɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ
ȼɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɢ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɵɦɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɜ ɧɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɭɯɨɜɤɭɫɨɱɟɧɶɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣɅɭɱɲɟ
ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ
ɉɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɚ
ȼɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɤ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɜ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɟ
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɨɣɤɭɸ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟ
ɮɨɪɦɨɱɤɢɞɥɹɜɵɩɟɱɤɢ
ɉɈȾɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿɄɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɋȿɌɂ
ɉɈȾɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿɄɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɋȿɌɂȾɈɅɀɇɈ
ȼɕɉɈɅɇəɌɖɋə ɋɈɌɊɍȾɇɂɄɈɆ ɍɌȼȿɊɀȾȿɇɇɈȽɈ
ɋȿɊȼɂɋɇɈȽɈɐȿɇɌɊȺɂɅɂɋɉȿɐɂȺɅɂɋɌɈɆɂɆȿɘɓɂɆ
ɋɈɈɌȼȿɌɋɌȼɍɘɓɍɘɄȼȺɅɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɘ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢɢɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟɢɡɡɚɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɛɵɥɚ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
Ⱦɭɯɨɜɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɨɞɥɤɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɟ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɦ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɨɞɥɤɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɦɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɸɫɧɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢɢɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɝɞɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɉɈȾɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿ
Ⱦɭɯɨɜɤɚ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɚ ɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢȼɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɨɤɚɦɟɠɞɭɞɜɭɦɹɮɚɡɚɦɢ
ɢɥɢɦɟɠɞɭɮɚɡɨɣɢɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɸ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
ɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
ɉɪɨɜɨɞ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɬɨɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ
ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɣɤɤɥɟɦɦɟɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶ
ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɤɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɨɛɪɵɜɚ
ɜɰɟɩɢɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɧɟɫɟɬɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɢ
ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟ ɢɡɡɚ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɚ ɧɟ
ɛɵɥɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɚɢɥɢɢɡɡɚɧɚɥɢɱɢɹɨɛɪɵɜɚɜɰɟɩɢɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼȺɀɇɈȿ ɁȺɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ ɇɟ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɚ ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹɜɬɚɤɨɦɦɟɫɬɟɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɫɥɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɟɟɫɧɨɜɚɦɨɠɧɨɛɵɥɨɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɤ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɟ
Ʉɚɛɟɥɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɭɸɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ
58
ɫɟɬɤɚ
ɤɨɫɚ
ɤɪɸɱɤɢɢɜɢɧɬɵ
ɪɭɱɤɚ
ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə352(;35
ɉɊɂɇȺȾɅȿɀɇɈɋɌɂȾɍɏɈȼɄɂ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɜɵɦɨɣɬɟ ɟɟ
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢɝɭɛɤɨɣɋɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɜɨɞɨɣɢɜɵɫɭɲɢɬɟɇɚ
ɩɨɥɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɨɱɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɟɱɤɢ ɢ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɭɸ
ɩɨɫɭɞɭ
Ⱦɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɫɨɤɨɜɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹɩɪɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɩɢɳɢɧɚ
ɝɪɢɥɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɞɨɧ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɨɞɞɨɧɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɹ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɪɚ
ɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹɩɨɨɛɴɟɦɭɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ
ɱɬɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨɞɵɦɚ
ȼɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɜɯɨɞɢɬɤɚɦɟɧɶɞɥɹ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɟɣɩɢɰɰɵɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɚɞɥɹɧɟɝɨ
ɢɪɨɥɢɤɞɥɹɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɧɢɹɩɢɰɰɵ
ɉɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɟɱɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ
ɩɨɥɤɭ Ɉɧ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɥɤɨɣ
ɜɵɩɟɱɤɢɬɚɤɨɣɤɚɤɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɷɤɥɟɪɵɩɟɱɟɧɶɟɛɟɡɟɢɬ
ɩɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶɞɥɹɜɵɩɟɱɤɢɩɪɹɦɨɧɚ
ɞɧɨɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ
ȼȿɊɌȿɅ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɟɥɟ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɜɟɪɰɚ
ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɡɚɤɪɵɬɚ
ɉɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ
ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɄȺɄɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɌɖȼȿɊɌȿɅ
Ɉɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟɤɪɸɱɤɢ
ɇɚɫɚɞɢɬɟɦɹɫɨɧɚɜɟɪɬɟɥ
Ɂɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɣɬɟɦɹɫɨɧɚɜɟɪɬɟɥɟ
ɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɤɪɸɤɨɜ
Ɂɚɬɹɧɢɬɟɤɪɸɱɤɢ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɜɟɪɬɟɥɜ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɤɪɭɬɹɳɢɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ
Ɉɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭ
ȼ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɢ ɧɚɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ȼ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ
ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɨɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɨɜɞɥɹɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɛɟɡɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɩɢɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɥɢɦɨɳɧɵɯɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɨɜɞɥɹ
ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɗɬɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟɛɟɥɵɦɫɜɟɬɨɦɛɟɡɬɟɧɟɣɨɬɩɨɥɨɤ
ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɱɟɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɚɹ ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɚ
ɧɚɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɹɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɝɨɪɚɡɞɨɦɟɧɶɲɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣɫɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵ
Ɉɱɟɧɶɧɢɡɤɨɟɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɧɚɦɟɧɶɲɟ
ɱɟɦɨɛɵɱɧɚɹɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɚɧɚɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ
± ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɬɹɧɭɜ ɢɯ ɜ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɬɪɟɥɤɚɦɢɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ
±ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɢɬɟɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɩɨɦɵɜ
ɢɯɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟɢɥɢɨɱɢɫɬɢɜɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣ
ɝɭɛɤɢ ɉɪɨɫɭɲɢɬɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
±ɉɨɫɥɟɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɜ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ
ȾȿɆɈɇɌȺɀɂɈɑɂɋɌɄȺɆȿɌȺɅɅɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ
ɇȺɉɊȺȼɅəɘɓɂɏ
58
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ϮϯϬʦʹϮϱʦʹʫϭϰϯϬϬΣˁ
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ͻʦ
ͻʦ
ͻʦ;
Ϳ
ͻʿ
ɑɂɋɌɄȺɋɌȿɄɅəɇɇɈɃȾȼȿɊɐɕȾɍɏɈȼɈȽɈɒɄȺɎȺ
Ⱦɜɟɪɰɚɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨɲɤɚɮɚɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɫɧɹɬɚɢɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɧɚɞɥɹ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɟɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦ
)LJXUH
)LJXUH
)LJXUH
)LJXUH
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ
ɲɤɚɮɚɊɢɫɭɧɨɤ)LJXUH
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɜɟɪɯɧɸɸɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɤɪɵɲɤɭɩɨɬɹɧɭɜɟɟɜɜɟɪɯ
ɤɚɤɭɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ)LJXUH
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ
ɩɨɬɹɧɭɜɟɝɨɢɡɪɚɦɤɢɞɜɟɪɰɵɤɚɤ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ)LJXUH
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɜɢɧɬɵɤɚɤɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ)LJXUH
ɉɟɬɥɢ ɞɜɟɪɰɵɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɤɚɮɚ
ɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ Ɋɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɣɬɟ
ɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ
)LJXUH ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɫɧɹɬɶ
ɞɜɟɪɰɭ
)LJXUH
)LJXUH
ɉɨɫɥɟɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɞɜɟɪɰɵ ɫɨɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɟɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ
Ⱦɥɹɞɭɯɨɜɵɯɲɤɚɮɨɜɫ
ɩɢɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɱɢɫɬɤɨɣ
ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚɫɧɢɦɢɬɟɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜɬɨɪɨɟɢɬɪɟɬɶɟɫɬɟɤɥɚɤɚɤ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ)LJXUH
)LJXUH
ɇȺȼɋȿɏɋɌȿɄɅȺɏɡɧɚɤ/2:
(ɞɨɥɠɟɧɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɹɢ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ
ɥɟɜɨɦ ɭɝɥɭ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ
ɥɟɜɨɣɩɟɬɥɟɣɌɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɧɚɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɧɚ
ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɬɟɤɥɟ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɞɜɟɪɰɵ
ɑɂɋɌɄȺȾɍɏɈȼɄɂ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɪɭɱɧɨɣɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɚɣɬɟɞɭɯɨɜɤɟɨɫɬɵɧɭɬɶ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɨɱɚɥɤɚɦɢ ɢ
ɨɫɬɪɵɦɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢɗɬɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤ
ɧɟɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɷɦɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɵɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɛɟɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ
ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɚɦɦɢɚɤɚ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ
ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɨɣɮɨɥɶɝɨɣ
ɋɌȿɄɅəɇɇɕȿȾȿɌȺɅɂ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɨɱɢɳɚɬɶ ɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɭɸ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɜɩɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɞɜɟɪɰɵɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɜɵɦɨɠɟɬɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɟɟ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɭɸɜɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɞɟɬɟɪɝɟɧɬɚɢɯɨɪɨɲɨɨɬɠɚɬɭɸ
ɝɭɛɤɭ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɫɬɪɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɨɰɚɪɚɩɚɬɶ ɫɬɟɤɥɨ ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɟɝɨ
ɪɚɫɬɪɟɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɸ
ɍɉɅɈɌɇɂɌȿɅɖɇȺəɉɊɈɄɅȺȾɄȺȾȼȿɊɐɕȾɍɏɈȼɄɂ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɚɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɥɚɫɶɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɟɟɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɥɟɝɤɚ
ɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣɝɭɛɤɢ
ɉɊɂɇȺȾɅȿɀɇɈɋɌɂ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɭɛɤɢ ɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ
ɦɵɥɶɧɨɣɜɨɞɟɋɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɢɯɱɢɫɬɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɢɜɵɫɭɲɢɬɟɇɟ
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɦɢɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɉɈȾȾɈɇ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɢɥɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟ ɩɨɞɞɨɧ ɢɡ
ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ ɫɥɟɣɬɟ ɬɟɩɥɵɣ ɠɢɪ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪ
ȼɵɦɨɣɬɟ ɩɨɞɞɨɧ ɝɭɛɤɨɣ ɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɦɨɸɳɟɣɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɨɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɟɜɲɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɠɢɪɚ
ɡɚɦɨɱɢɬɟɩɨɞɞɨɧɜɜɨɞɟɫɦɨɸɳɢɦɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ
ɉɨɞɞɨɧɬɚɤɠɟɦɨɠɧɨɜɵɦɵɬɶɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟɢɥɢ
ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɬɹɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɞɥɹ
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ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɥɭɱɲɟɟɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɬɟɩɥɚɜɧɭɬɪɶɩɢɳɢɢ
ɬɚɤɠɟɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɢɳɢɢɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɆɟɬɨɞɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɫɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɜɢɞɵ
ɩɢɳɢɧɚɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɩɨɥɤɚɯɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ
ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɟɟ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɬɟɩɥɚɢɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɨɞɧɢɦɜɢɞɨɦɩɢɳɢɡɚɩɚɯɚɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɜɢɞɚɩɢɳɢɉɪɢ
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɪɚɡɧɵɯɜɢɞɨɜɩɢɳɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɢɳɢɧɚɦɢɧɭɬ
Ʉ
ɊɍȽɅɕɃɇȺȽɊȿȼȺɌȿɅɖɇɕɃɗɅȿɆȿɇɌ
ȼȿɇɌɂɅəɌɈɊɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɜɟɪɯɧɢɣɢɧɢɠɧɢɣ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɚɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɤɪɭɝɥɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɢ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɟ ɗɬɨ
ɦɟɬɨɞɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɫ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ
ȽɊ
ɂɅɖɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɟɪɯɧɢɣɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɗɬɨɬɦɟɬɨɞɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɛɥɸɞ
ɧɚɝɪɢɥɟɤɟɛɚɛɨɜɢɝɪɚɬɢɧɨɜ
ɛɥɸɞɚɡɚɩɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɨɞɫɵɪɨɦ Ƚɪɢɥɶɞɨɥɠɟɧɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɧɭɬ Ʉɭɫɤɢ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɹɫɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɦɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɨɬ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɝɪɢɥɹȼɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ
ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɨɦɹɫɨɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɟɟɫɨɱɧɵɦɑɟɪɧɨɟ
ɦɹɫɨɢɮɢɥɟɪɵɛɵɦɨɠɧɨɤɥɚɫɬɶɩɪɹɦɨɧɚɪɟɲɟɬɤɭɩɨɞɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚ
ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ȽɊɂɅɖȼȿɇɌɂɅəɌɈɊ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɜ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɟ Ⱦɥɹ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɱɟɪɧɨɝɨɦɹɫɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɚɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɟɥɨɝɨɦɹɫɚ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɧɟɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɝɪɢɥɟɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɞɥɹɡɚɠɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹɛɨɥɶɲɢɯɤɭɫɤɨɜ
ɦɹɫɚɢɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣɩɬɢɰɵ ɉɪɢɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɢɥɟɩɢɳɚ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹɜɰɟɧɬɪɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɩɨɥɤɢ
Ⱦɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɫɨɤɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɪɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɩɢɳɢɧɚ
ɝɪɢɥɟɩɨɞɩɨɥɤɭɧɭɠɧɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
Ⱦɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɟɡɚɬɟɦ
ɱɬɨɛɵɩɪɢɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ
ɩɢɳɚ
ɧɟɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɚɫɶ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɛɥɢɡɤɨ
ɨɬɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɝɪɢɥɹɢɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɤɭɫɤɢɩɢɳɢ
ɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɨɣɞɟɬɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɜɧɨɟɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɢɳɢ
ȽɊɂɅɖȼȿɊɌȿɅȼȿɇɌɂɅəɌɈɊɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɦɟɬɨɞɚɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɢ
ɜɟɪɬɟɥ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɬɨ
ɱɬɨɩɢɳɚɩɪɨɠɚɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɢ
ɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɧɟ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɫɭɯɨɣɢɛɟɡɜɤɭɫɧɨɣȼɟɪɬɟɥɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɬɶɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɳɟɩɹɬɶɦɢɧɭɬɩɨɫɥɟ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɗɬɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɩɨɥɧɨɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɨɫɬɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹɜɞɭɯɨɜɤɟ
ɬɟɩɥɚɉɪɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɩɢɳɢɧɚɜɟɪɬɟɥɟɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɧɟɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɊȺɁɆɈɊȺɀɂȼȺɇɂȿ Ʉɨɝɞɚɪɭɱɤɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɜɷɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹɬɟɩɥɨɝɨɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɜɨɤɪɭɝ
ɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɱɬɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɢɯɪɚɡɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɜ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɦɢɧɭɬɛɟɡɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɜɩɢɳɟ
ɩɪɨɬɟɢɧɨɜ
ɉɈȾȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿɉɂɓɂȼɊȺɁɈȽɊȿɌɈɆɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂɂ±
ɗɬɨɬɪɟɠɢɦɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɞɥɹɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɧɚɩɨɥɤɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɧɚɜɬɨɪɨɣɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
ɫɜɟɪɯɭɢɥɢɞɥɹɪɚɡɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɩɢɰɰɵɢɥɢɜɵɩɟɱɤɢ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɩɨɥɤɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɧɚɧɢɠɧɢɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɋɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɉɂɐɐȺ±ȼɷɬɨɦɪɟɠɢɦɟɜɞɭɯɨɜɤɟɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɱɬɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɵɟɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɩɪɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɬɚɤɢɯɛɥɸɞɤɚɤɩɢɰɰɚɢɥɢɤɟɤɫ
ɋɈȼȿɌɕɉɈɉɊɂȽɈɌɈȼɅȿɇɂɘɉɂɓɂ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɨɥɢɬɶɦɹɫɨɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɬɚɤɤɚɤ
ɫɨɥɶ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɛɪɵɡɝɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɪɚ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɚ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɟɬɫɹɢɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɞɵɦ
Ʉɭɫɤɢɛɟɥɨɝɨɦɹɫɚɫɜɢɧɢɧɚɬɟɥɹɬɢɧɚɹɝɧɟɧɨɤɢɪɵɛɚɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɨɦɟɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɭɸ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɭ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɛɭɞɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɢɳɢɜ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɬɨɣɞɭɯɨɜɤɟɧɨ ɤɭɫɤɢɦɹɫɚ
ɛɭɞɭɬ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɩɪɨɠɚɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɬɟɩɥɚɜɧɭɬɪɶɩɢɳɢɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨɦɹɫɚ
ɉɊɂȽɈɌɈȼɅȿɇɂȿɉɂɓɂɇȺȽɊɂɅȿ
ɉɟɪɟɞɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣɩɢɳɢɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɝɪɢɥɟ
ȼɵɧɶɬɟ ɦɹɫɨ ɢɡ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɡɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɞɨ ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɝɪɢɥɟ ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɟɝɨɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɥɨɟɜ
ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɣ ɜɩɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɗɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɥɚɝɢ ɢ ɥɭɱɲɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜ ɦɹɫɚ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɉɟɪɟɞ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɹɫɚ ɧɚ ɝɪɢɥɟ ɩɨɫɵɩɶɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɰɟɦ ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɫɩɟɰɢɹɦɢɧɨɧɟɫɨɥɢɬɟɟɝɨɩɟɪɟɞɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɉɨɫɨɥɢɬɟɦɹɫɨɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹȼɷɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɦɹɫɨ
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɱɧɵɦ ɋɦɚɠɶɬɟ ɦɹɫɨ ɬɨɧɤɢɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ
ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɗɬɨ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣɲɢɪɨɤɨɣɤɢɫɬɢɁɚɬɟɦɟɳɟɪɚɡɩɨɫɵɩɶɬɟɦɹɫɨɩɟɪɰɟɦ
ɢɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɫɩɟɰɢɹɦɢɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɱɟɛɪɟɰɨɦ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɩɪɨɤɚɥɵɜɚɣɬɟɦɹɫɨɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɟɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɞɚɠɟɤɨɝɞɚɜɵɟɝɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɟɗɬɨɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬɤɬɨɦɭɱɬɨ
ɢɡɦɹɫɚɛɭɞɟɬɜɵɬɟɤɚɬɶɫɨɤɢɨɧɨɛɭɞɟɬɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹɫɭɯɢɦ
ɉɊɂȽɈɌɈȼɅȿɇɂȿȼɕɉȿɑɄɂ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɨɧɢ
ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɪɬɢɬɶ ɜɚɲɢ ɩɢɪɨɠɤɢ ɢɥɢ
ɩɢɪɨɠɧɵɟ ȿɫɥɢ ɜɚɲɢ ɩɢɪɨɠɤɢ ɩɨɞɪɭɦɹɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɢɯ ɠɢɪɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɨɣ ɢɥɢ
ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɨɣɮɨɥɶɝɨɣ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɮɨɥɶɝɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ
ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɚ ɤ ɩɢɪɨɠɤɚɦ ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶɫɹɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɟɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɧɟɛɭɞɟɬɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɬɶɜ
ɩɢɳɭ
ɇɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ
ɦɢɧɭɬ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ ɫɭɮɥɟ ɫɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɛɭɥɨɱɤɢ
ɛɢɫɤɜɢɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɫɟɫɬɶ ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɝɨɬɨɜɚ ɥɢ
ɜɵɩɟɱɤɚ ɩɪɨɤɨɥɨɜ ɟɟ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɧɨɠɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɜɹɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɢɰɟɣ ȿɫɥɢ ɥɟɡɜɢɟ ɧɨɠɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɜɵɩɟɱɤɢ
ɱɢɫɬɵɦɢɫɭɯɢɦɬɨɜɵɩɟɱɤɚɝɨɬɨɜɚɢɜɵɦɨɠɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɜɵɩɟɤɚɧɢɹȿɫɥɢɥɟɡɜɢɟɧɨɠɚɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɢɡɜɵɩɟɱɤɢ
ɜɥɚɠɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɩɲɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɤɚɦɢ ɜɵɩɟɱɤɢ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɜɵɩɟɤɚɧɢɟɧɨɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
ɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɜɵɩɟɱɤɚɧɟɩɨɞɝɨɪɟɥɚ
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ɋȿɊȼɂɋɇɕɃɐȿɇɌɊ
ɉɪɟɠɞɟɱɟɦɩɨɡɜɨɧɢɬɶɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣɰɟɧɬɪ
ȿɫɥɢɞɭɯɨɜɤɚɧɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɱɬɨɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɚɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɭ
ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɞɭɯɨɜɤɭɨɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɧɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɧɟɣɢ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶɡɚɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣɰɟɧɬɪ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɡɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ
ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣɜɟɝɨɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɢɫɬɟɤ ɫɪɨɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɬɚɥɨɧɟɪɟɦɨɧɬɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɦɰɟɧɬɪɟɛɭɞɟɬ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɨɣ
ȿɋ ɨɛ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
:(((Ɉɬɯɨɞɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɢ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ȼɚɠɧɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢɢɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɫɟɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨɜɚɠɧɨɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɩɪɚɜɢɥ
ɇɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫ
ɛɵɬɨɜɵɦɢɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ
Ɉɬɯɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɫɛɨɪɚ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ
ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹɦɢ ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɩɪɢ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɛɨɪ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɞɨɦɭ
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɤɭɩɤɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɫɬɚɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɪɨɡɧɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɨɛɹɡɚɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ
ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɝɨɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹɟɫɥɢɷɬɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɵɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɬɢɩɚɢɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɦɵɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɦɟɟɬɬɟɠɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɱɬɨɢ
ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣ
ɗɇȿɊȽɈɋȻȿɊȿɀȿɇɂȿɂɁȺɓɂɌȺɈɄɊɍɀȺɘɓȿɃɋɊȿȾɕ
ɉɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɤɚɮɚ ɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
Ɉɬɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨɲɤɚɮɚɤɚɤɦɨɠɧɨɪɟɠɟɬɚɤɤɚɤ
ɩɪɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɟɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ Ⱦɥɹ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ
ɞɭɯɨɜɨɣ ɲɤɚɮ ɡɚ ɦɢɧɭɬ ɞɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɞɭɯɨɜɵɦ ɲɤɚɮɨɦ
ɍɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɜɱɢɫɬɨɬɟɢɜɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɦ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɬɟɩɥɚɡɚɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ
ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɜɚɲɟɦ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɧɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɱɚɫɨɜɨɣɬɚɪɢɮɬɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɨɬɫɪɨɱɤɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɨɬɫɪɨɱɤɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɶɝɨɬɧɨɝɨ
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