Table of Contents
- Notice
- Getting Started
- QTS Basics and Desktop
- System Settings
- Privilege Settings
- Network Services
- Applications
- BSD License
- CDDL License
- GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
QNAP TVS-EC1280U-SAS-RP R2 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for TVS-EC1280U-SAS-RP R2 by QNAP which is a product in the NAS & Storage Servers category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
QNAP ES NAS
Software User Manual
(Version: 1.1.2)
This manual is applicable to the following ES (Enterprise Storage) NAS models: ES1640dc,
ES1642dc.
© 2016 QNAP Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Table of Contents
................................................................................................................4
1. Notice
.............................................................................................................. 51.1 Legal Notice and Disclaimer
.............................................................................................................. 71.2 Regulatory Notice
.............................................................................................................. 91.3 Document Annotation
.............................................................................................................. 101.4 Safety Information and Precautions
................................................................................................................11
2. Getting Started
................................................................................................................16
3. QTS Basics and Desktop
.............................................................................................................. 173.1 Introducing QES
.............................................................................................................. 193.2 Using QES Desktop
................................................................................................................24
4. System Settings
.............................................................................................................. 254.1 General Settings
.............................................................................................................. 284.2 Storage Manager
................................................................................................................................ 304.2.1 Dashboard
................................................................................................................................ 324.2.2 Storage
........................................................................................................................ 33
4.2.2.1 Disks
........................................................................................................................ 38
4.2.2.2 Storage Space
........................................................................................................................ 53
4.2.2.3 Cache Acceleration
........................................................................................................................ 55
4.2.2.4 iSCSI Storage
................................................................................................................................ 704.2.3 Hosts
.............................................................................................................. 714.3 Network
.............................................................................................................. 784.4 Security
.............................................................................................................. 804.5 Hardware
.............................................................................................................. 834.6 Power
.............................................................................................................. 844.7 Notification
.............................................................................................................. 864.8 Firmware Update
.............................................................................................................. 884.9 Backup/Restore
.............................................................................................................. 904.10 External Device
.............................................................................................................. 934.11 System Status
.............................................................................................................. 954.12 High Availability
.............................................................................................................. 1014.13 System Logs
.............................................................................................................. 1044.14 myQNAPcloud Service
................................................................................................................108
5. Privilege Settings
.............................................................................................................. 1095.1 Users
.............................................................................................................. 1135.2 User Groups
.............................................................................................................. 1155.3 Quota
.............................................................................................................. 1165.4 Domain Security
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................................................................................................................................ 1175.4.1 Joining NAS to Active Directory (Windows Server 2003/2008/2012)
................................................................................................................................ 1205.4.2 Connecting NAS to an LDAP Directory
................................................................................................................124
6. Network Services
.............................................................................................................. 1256.1 Win/NFS
.............................................................................................................. 1286.2 FTP
.............................................................................................................. 1306.3 SSH
.............................................................................................................. 1316.4 SNMP Settings
.............................................................................................................. 1336.5 Service Discovery
.............................................................................................................. 1346.6 Network Recycle Bin
................................................................................................................136
7. Applications
.............................................................................................................. 1377.1 Backup Station
................................................................................................................................ 1387.1.1 Backup Server
................................................................................................................................ 1407.1.2 Remote Replication
.............................................................................................................. 1457.2 Diagnostic Tool
.............................................................................................................. 1467.3 File Station
.............................................................................................................. 1547.4 Station Manager
.............................................................................................................. 1557.5 TFTP Server
.............................................................................................................. 1567.6 Virtualization
................................................................................................................159
8. BSD License
................................................................................................................161
9. CDDL License
................................................................................................................168
10. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
5
1.1 Legal Notice and Disclaimer
Thank you for choosing QNAP products! This user manual provides detailed instructions
of using the ES NAS (network-attached storage). Please read carefully and start to
enjoy the powerful functions of the ES NAS!
The ES NAS is hereafter referred to as the NAS.
This manual provides the description of all the functions of the NAS. The product
you purchased may not support certain functions dedicated to specific models.
Legal Notices
All the features, functionality, and other product specifications are subject to change
without prior notice or obligation. Information contained herein is subject to change
without notice.
QNAP and the QNAP logo are trademarks of QNAP Systems, Inc. All other brands and
product names referred to are trademarks of their respective holders.
Further, the ® or ™ symbols are not used in the text.
Disclaim er
Information in this document is provided in connection with QNAP products. No license,
express or implied, by estoppels or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is
granted by this document. Except as provided in QNAP's terms and conditions of sale for
such products, QNAP Assumes no liability whatsoever, and QNAP disclaims any express or
implied warranty, relating to sale and/or use of QNAP products including liability or
warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of
any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right.
QNAP products are not intended for use in medical, lifesaving, life sustaining, critical
control or safety systems, or in nuclear facility applications.
In no event shall QNAP Systems, Inc. (QNAP) liability exceed the price paid for the
product from direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages resulting from
the use of the product, its accompanying software, or its documentation. QNAP makes
no warranty or representation, expressed, implied, or statutory, with respect to its
products or the contents or use of this documentation and all accompanying software,
and specifically disclaims its quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for any
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particular purpose. QNAP reserves the right to revise or update its products, software, or
documentation without obligation to notify any individual or entity.
Back up the system periodically to avoid any potential data loss. QNAP disclaims any
responsibility of all sorts of data loss or recovery.
Should you return any components of the NAS package for refund or maintenance, make
sure they are carefully packed for shipping. Any form of damages due to improper
packaging will not be compensated.
QNAP, QNAP logo, QES, myQNAPcloud and VioStor are trademarks or registered
trademarks of QNAP Systems, Inc. or its subsidiaries. Other names and brands may be
claimed as the property of others.
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1.2 Regulatory Notice
FCC Notice
QNAP NAS comply with different FCC compliance classes. Please refer the Appendix for
details. Once the class of the device is determined, refer to the following corresponding
statement.
FCC Class A Notice
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following
two conditions:
1. This device may not cause harmful interference.
2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may
cause undesired operation.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a
commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio
frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction
manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this
equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the
user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
Modifications: Any modifications made to this device that are not approved by QNAP
Systems, Inc. may void the authority granted to the user by the FCC to operate this
equipment.
FCC Class B Notice
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following
two conditions:
1. This device may not cause harmful interference.
2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may
cause undesired operation.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This
equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed
8
and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a
particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the
user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following
measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for help.
Modifications: Any modifications made to this device that are not approved by QNAP
Systems, Inc. may void the authority granted to the user by the FCC to operate this
equipment.
CE Notice
QNAP ES NAS models comply with different CE compliance classes. Please refer to the
table for details.
FCC
CE
ES NAS Models
Class A
Class A
ES1640dc, ES1642dc
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1.3 Document Annotation
Annotations in this document
W arning:
This indicates the instructions must be strictly followed. Failure to do so
could result in injury to human body or death.
Caution:
This indicates the action may lead to disk clearance or loss OR failure to
follow the instructions could result in data damage, disk damage, or product
damage.
Im portant:
This indicates the information provided is important or related to legal
regulations.
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1.4 Safety Information and Precautions
1. The NAS can operate normally in the temperature of 0ºC–40ºC and relative humidity
of 0%–95%. Ensure the environment is well-ventilated.
2. The power cord and devices connected to the NAS must provide correct supply
voltage (100W, 90–264V).
3. Do not place the NAS in direct sunlight or near chemicals. Ensure the usage
environment's temperature and humidity is suited for using electronics.
4. Unplug the power cord and all connected cables before cleaning. Wipe the NAS with
a dry towel. Do not use chemicals or aerosols to clean the NAS.
5. Do not place any objects on the NAS during normal system operations and to avoid
overheating.
6. Use the flat head screws in the product package to lock the hard disk drives in the
NAS when installing the hard drives for proper operation.
7. Do not place the NAS near any liquid.
8. Do not place the NAS on any uneven surface to avoid falling off and damage.
9. Make sure the voltage is correct in your location when using the NAS. If unsure,
contact your distributor or the local power company.
10.Do not place any object on the power cord.
11.Never attempt to repair the NAS. Improper disassembly of the product may expose
you to electric shock or other risks. For repair-related enquiries, please contact
your distributor.
12.Rackmount NAS models should only be installed in server rooms and maintained by
authorized server managers or IT administrators. The server room should be
sufficiently locked and only certified staff allowed to enter.
W arning:
There is the danger of explosion if a battery is incorrectly replaced.
Replace only
with the sam e or equivalent type recom m ended by the m anufacturer.
Dispose of used batteries according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
To avoid serious injuries
do NOT touch the fan inside the system .
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2. Getting Started
New NAS users are advised to follow the below steps to complete their NAS installation:
1. Hardware Installation
2. Software Installation
3. Getting Utilities
4. Connecting to the Shared Folders
oWindows
oMac or FreeBSD
5. Connecting to the NAS by Web Browser
Hardware Installation
After unpacking the NAS, first follow these instructions to install your hardware:
1. Install the hard drives. Before doing so, ensure the hard drives (HDDs) that you use
are compatible with the NAS. Check the compatibility list on the QNAP website (
http://www.qnap.com/compatibility) for details.
2. Connect the QNAP NAS to the same network as your PC and power it on. During
your installation process, pay attention to LEDs and alarm buzzers to make sure
that the NAS functions properly. Check the hardware user manual for more details.
Note:
The steps above are also illustrated in the Quick Installation Guide (QIG) that can
be found in the product package or QNAP website (http://start.qnap.com).
If you encounter a "Device not found" message, ensure that:
oYour NAS has been powered on;
oThe network cable is connected to the NAS and the orange and green indicator
lights on its LAN port(s) are blinking; and
oThe cloud key is correct.
Im portant:
QNAP disclaims any responsibility for product damage/malfunction or data
loss/recovery due to misuse or improper installation of hard disks in any occasions for
any reasons.
Caution:
Note that
if you install a hard drive (new or used) which has never been
installed on the NAS before, the hard drive will be form atted and partitioned
autom atically and all the disk data will be cleared.
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Software Installation
After installing the NAS hardware, proceed to software installation with these steps:
1. Go to http://start.qnap.com. .
2. Choose the number of HDD bays and the model of your NAS and click "Start Now".
3. Click "Hardware" and follow the on-screen instructions to get hardware ready.
4. Scroll down to "Install firmware" and click "Local Installation".
5. Choose your operating system to download, install and run Qfinder.
6. After installing Qfinder Pro, launch it to search for your NAS. Double click on your
NAS in Qfinder Pro to start the Smart Installation Guide. Follow the on-screen
instructions to the built-in Qfinder Pro Setup Wizard will guide you along the way to
complete the firmware installation.
7. Proceed to log into QES with your QES account username and password to log in
(QES is the operating system for the ES NAS.)
Getting Utilities
QNAP has prepared a number of practical and useful utilities to enhance your NAS
experience. To download them, visit http://www.qnap.com/ and go to "Support" >
"Download" > "Utilities", and choose to download and install the utilities on your PC.
Connecting to the Shared Folders
After installing the hardware and software, it is time to connect to the shared folders on
the NAS. Refer to these links for the connection setup:
Windows
1. Open Windows File Explorer, click on "Network" on the left and find the workgroup of
the NAS. If the NAS cannot be found, browse the whole network to search for the
NAS. Double click the name of the NAS to connect to it, or use the Run function in
Windows (Windows key + R). Enter \\NAS_name or \\NAS_IP (Ethernet interface).
2. Enter the default administrator name and password (the default login ID and
password are both "admin".).
3. Upload files to the shared folders.
13
Note:
Each controller has three network interfaces: One management interface and
two Ethernet interfaces (dedicated for data transfer). The NAS_IP in the Step 1 above
refers to either of the Ethernet interfaces on the controller.
Alternatively, you can use the Storage Plug & Connect Wizard to connect to NAS shared
folders. To do so, follow these steps:
1. Launch QNAP Qfinder Pro;
2. Select "Storage Plug & Connect" under "Connect";
3. Check "Login with username and password" and enter your username and
password;
4. Click a NAS shared folder;
5. Click "Map the Network Drive".
Mac or FreeBSD
Mac Users
There are two methods to connect shared folders on a NAS:
Method 1: Using QNAP Qfinder
1. Launch QNAP Qfinder, select your NAS, and go to "Connect" > "Open in File
Explorer".
2. Enter your login ID and password.
3. Select the folder you want to mount and click "OK".
4. The folder is mounted.
Method 2: Connecting to Server
1. Choose "Go" > "Connect to Server".
2. Enter the NAS IP address (Data port).
3. Enter your login ID and password.
4. Select the folder you want to mount and click "OK".
5. The folder is mounted.
Linux or FreeBSD
On FreeBSD, run the following command:
mount -t nfs <NAS IP(Ethernet interface)>:/share/<Shared Folder Name>
<Directory to Mount>
14
For example, if the IP address of the NAS is 192.168.0.42 (Ethernet interface), to
connect to the shared folder "public" under the /mnt/pub directory, use the following
command:
mount -t nfs 192.168.0.42:/share/public /mnt/pub
Log into the NAS with the specified user ID, use the mounted directory to connect to
the shared folders.
Note:
You must login as the "root" user to initiate the above command.
Each controller has three network interfaces: One management interface and two
Ethernet interfaces (dedicated for data transfer). The NAS IP in the example
above refers to either of the Ethernet interfaces on the controller.
Connecting to the NAS by Web Browser
To connect to the NAS by a web browser, follow these steps:
1. Enter http://NAS IP (management interface):8080 in the web browser. Or if using
QNAP Qfinder Pro, simply double click on the NAS to open the login page.
Note:
Each controller has three network interfaces: One management interface and two
Ethernet interfaces (dedicated for data transfer). The NAS IP in the example
above refers to the management interface.
The default IP for the management interface on Controller A is
169.254.100.100:8080 while for Controller B, the IP for the management interface
is 169.254.100.101. If the NAS has been configured to use DHCP, you can use
QNAP Qfinder Pro to check the management interface IP address of the NAS.
Make sure the NAS and the computer that runs QNAP Qfinder are connected to
the same subnet. If the NAS cannot be found, connect the NAS to the computer
directly and run QNAP Qfinder again.
2. Enter the administrator's login id and password. Enable "Secure login" (Secure
Sockets Layer login) to allow a secure connection to the NAS. If a user without
administration rights logs into the NAS, the user can only change the login password
(the default login ID and password of the NAS are both "admin".)
15
Note:
If the NAS is behind a NAT gateway, to connect to the NAS by secure login on
the Internet, port 443 must be opened on the NAT router and forwarded to the LAN IP
of the NAS.
3. The NAS Desktop will be displayed.
16
3. QTS Basics and Desktop
QES is a user-friendly NAS operating system designed to enhance every aspect of your
NAS experience. With basic methods such as drag-and-drop or point and click, you can
complete most NAS operations. Check the following links to learn more about QES:
Introducing QES
Using QES Desktop
17
19
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3.1 Introducing QES
The QES (QNAP Enterprise System) operating system is based on FreeBSD Kernel and
ZFS to provide the stability and functionality of traditional Linux operating systems and
native file systems. It not only has unprecedented QTS high-availability features, it is
also the first step into OpenStack private cloud.
QES is designed and optimized for the following features:
Remote data synchronization: Block-level SnapSync provides remote backup and
disaster recovery at any time, providing enterprise business consistency.
Higher-capacity efficiency: Block-level deduplication, real-time data compression,
and Thin Provisioning with Reclaim make it easy to create the most cost-effective
remote virtual desktop platform and mission-critical information warehousing.
High reliability, high availability and high serviceability: Supports dual active
controllers, dual Mini-SAS channel backup and can tolerate single node failure to
ensure uninterrupted mission-critical enterprise tasks and productivity.
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Minimal backup configuration: To build a QNAP Snap Agent and VSS Hardware
Provider operating environment, all applications, including VSS Service, Requestor,
Provider and QNAP Snap Agent, can be deployed with VSS-Aware applications on
the same server. The minimal requirements are only one QNAP ES NAS and one
server for it to be operational.
Excellent random write performance: Battery-protected DRAM write featuring cache
data protection coupled with Flash read acceleration provides industry-leading
performance.
Well-rounded networking support: A single system supports 10/40Gb Ethernet and
iSCSI, providing excellent storage deployment flexibility.
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3.2 Using QES Desktop
After you finish the basic setup and login to the NAS, the desktop will appear. Each main
desktop feature is introduced in the following sections.
NO
.
Name
Description
1
Main Menu
Show the Main Menu. It includes two parts:
1. QNAP applications (APPLICATIONS): Applications developed by
QNAP to enhance your NAS experience; and
2. System features and settings (SYSTEMS): Key system
features designed to manage or optimize your NAS;
2
Show
Desktop
Minimizes/restores all open windows.
3
myQNAPclo
ud
Go to the myQNAPcloud website.
4
Background
Task
Review and control (including pausing or postponing) all tasks
running in the background (such as HDD SMART scanning,
antivirus scanning, file backup or multimedia conversion.)
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5
External
Device
List all external storage devices that are connected to the NAS
via its USB or SATA ports. Click a listed device to open the File
Station for that device. Click the "External Device" header to open
the External Device page for relevant settings and operations (for
details on File Station, refer to the File Station chapter.) Click the
eject icon (up-arrow icon) to eject the external device. Please
note that the ES NAS currently only supports JBOD and UPS.
6
Notification
and Alert
Check for recent system error and warning notifications. Click
"Clear All" to clear the list. To review all historical event
notifications, click the "Event Notifications" header to open the
System Logs. For details on System Logs, refer to the System
Logs chapter.
7
Options
Profile: Specify your email address and change your profile
picture. You can also view connection logs and edit the login
screen here.
Wallpaper: Change the default wallpaper or upload your own
wallpaper.
Change Password: Change your login password.
Miscellaneous:
oAuto logout after an idle period of: Specify the idle period
before the current user is automatically logged out.
oWarn me when leaving QES: Users will be prompted for
confirmation each time they leave the QES Desktop (such
as clicking the browser back button or close the browser.)
It is advised to check this option.
oReopen windows when logging back into QES: Check this
option, and all the current desktop settings (such as the
"windows opened before your logout") will be kept after
your next NAS login.
oShow the desktop switching button: Check this option to
hide the next desktop button (No. 14) and only display
them when you move your mouse cursor close to the
buttons.
oShow the link bar on the desktop: Uncheck this option to
hide the link bar (refer to No. 16, No. 17 and No. 18.)
101
21
oShow the Dashboard button: Uncheck this option to hide
the Dashboard button (NO. 15).
oShow the NAS time on the desktop: Uncheck this option to
not display the NAS time in the bottom-left of the
desktop.
oKeep Main Menu open after selection: Keep the Main Menu
pinned/unpinned on the desktop.
8
Admin
Control
Customize user-specific settings, change your user password,
restart/shut down the NAS or log out your user account.
Last login time: The time the system was last logged in.
Options: Refer to No. 8 below.
Change Password: Change your password.
Restart: Restart your NAS. Check "Rolling Execution" to ensure
uninterrupted NAS services. For "Rolling Execution", the
controller you are restarting will first takeover and the
standby controller will reboot first. After the standby
controller is powered up and ready, it will takeover and return
control back to its peer after the peer is ready. This process
will take a long time to finish, but this option can ensure
uninterrupted NAS services.
Shutdown: Shut down your NAS.
oNote: To power off a NAS, you can also:
Press and hold the power button on your NAS for 1.5
seconds.
Run Qfinder and click "Tools" > "Shut down Server".
Logout: Log yourself out.
About: Check for the NAS model, firmware version, HDDs
already installed and available (empty) bays.
9
Search
Enter a feature specific keyword in the search bar to search for
the desired function and its corresponding online help. Click the
result in the search bar to launch the function or open its online
QES help.
10
Online
Resource
A list of available resources can be found here, including:
Quick Start Guide
Virtualization Guide (a NAS user guide to virtualization)
QES Help
22
Tutorials
QNAP Wiki (a dedicated site for the QNAP encyclopedia)
QNAP Forum (learn from and interact with other product
users)
Customer Service (check for customer support resources)
Feedback (file a feature request and bug report)
11
Language
Choose your preferred language for the UI.
12
Desktop
Preference
Choose the application icon display style and select your preferred
application opening mode on the desktop. Application icons can be
switched between small and detailed thumbnails. Applications can
be opened in Tab Mode or Window Mode. Only Tab Mode is
available if you log into the NAS using a mobile device.
Tab Mode: In this mode, the window will be opened to fit the
entire NAS Desktop and only one application window can be
displayed at a time.
Window mode: In this mode, the application window can be
resized and reshaped to a desirable style.
13
Desktop
Area
Remove or arrange all applications on the desktop, or drag one
application icon over the top of another to put them in the same
folder.
14
Next
Desktop/
Last
Desktop
Switch between desktops.
15
Dashboard
Check important NAS statistics, including system and HDD health,
resources, storage usage, online users, scheduled tasks, etc. Click
the header within each widget to open its respective page.
16
QNAP
Mobile App
Check and download the latest and available QNAP mobile
applications. This item is only available after checking "Show the
link bar on the desktop" in "Options" (No.7) > "Miscellaneous".
17
QNAP
Utility
Check and download the latest and available QNAP computer
utilities. This item is only available after checking "Show the link
bar on the desktop" in "Options" (No.7) > "Miscellaneous".
23
18
Feedback
File a feature request and bug report. This item is only available
after checking "Show the link bar on the desktop" in
"Options" (No.7) > "Miscellaneous".
Tip:
All of the Dashboard widgets can be dragged onto the desktop for monitoring
specific details.
The Dashboard will be presented differently on different screen resolutions.
The color of the Dashboard button will change based on the status of system
health for quick recognition.
Note:
The recommended minimum screen resolution for QES 1.x is 1280x800.
The sleep function will automatically be disabled if the NAS has QNAP expansion
enclosure(s) connected to it.
24
4. System Settings
Go to "Control Panel" > "System Settings" to set up your NAS.
For details on the settings, refer to the following links:
General Settings
Storage Manager
Network
Security
Hardware
Power
Notification
Firmware Update
Backup/Restore
External Device
System Status
High Availability
System Logs
myQNAPcloud Service
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78
80
83
84
86
88
90
93
95
101
104
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4.1 General Settings
Go to "Control Panel" > "System Settings" > "General Settings" to configure basic settings
of the NAS.
Topics covered in this chapter:
System Administration
Time
Daylight Saving Time
Codepage
Password Strength
Login Screen
System Adm inistration
Basic Settings: Enter the name of the NAS. The NAS name supports maximum 14
characters and can be a combination of letters (a-z, A-Z), numbers (0-9), and dash
(-.) Space ( ), period (.), or pure numbers are not allowed. Enter a port number for
system management. The default port is 8080.
Enable Secure Connection (SSL): Allows users to connect to the NAS by HTTPS.
Enable secure connection (SSL) and enter the port number. If the option "Force
secure connection (SSL) only" is enabled, users can only connect to the web
administration page by HTTPS.
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Tim e
Basic time settings: Adjust the date, time, and time zone according to the location
of the NAS. If the settings are incorrect, the following problems may occur:
oWhen using a web browser to connect to the NAS or save a file, the display time
of the action will be incorrect.
oThe time of the event logs will be inconsistent with the actual time when an
action occurs.
Manual Setting: To synchronize the time of the NAS with the computer time, click
"Update" next to this option.
Synchronize with an Internet time server automatically: Enable this option to
synchronize the date and time of the NAS automatically with an NTP (Network Time
Protocol) server. Enter the IP address or domain name of the NTP server, for
example, time.nist.gov, time.windows.com. Then enter the time interval for
synchronization. This option can be used only when the NAS is connected to the
Internet.
Note:
First time synchronization may take several minutes to complete.
Daylight Saving Tim e
If your region uses daylight saving time (DST), enable "Adjust system clock automatically
for daylight saving time" and click "Apply". The latest DST schedule of the time zone
specified in the "Time" section will be shown. The system time will be adjusted
automatically according to the DST. Note that if your region does not adopt DST, the
options on this page will not be available. To manually enter the DST table, select the
option "Enable customized daylight saving time table". Click "Add Daylight Saving Time
Data", enter the daylight saving time schedule, and click "Apply" to save the settings.
Codepage
Select the language the NAS uses to display files and directories.
Note:
All of the files and directories on the NAS use Unicode encoding. If your FTP
clients or PC OS does not support Unicode, select the language which is the same as
the OS language in order to properly view files and directories on the NAS.
27
Password Strength
Specify the password rules. After applying the setting, the NAS will automatically check
the validity of the password.
Login Screen
Set the login screen style. After you select the style, click "Preview" to preview the
chosen template or "Apply" to apply the chosen login screen.
28
4.2 Storage Manager
Based on QNAP's Flexible Volume Architecture, the Storage Manager provides a secure,
flexible and comprehensive approach to manage data on your NAS and offers a number
of great features such as storage pools, multiple RAID groups, space reclamation, and
online capacity expansion. These features can effectively protect your storage system
and your valuable data.
QNAP Flexible Volume Architecture
The QNAP Flexible Volume Architecture consists of the following three layers: HDD
Management, Storage Pool and Shared Folders/LUN. Each layer is designed to cover an
aspect of the storage system, and all four layers combined can achieve total protection
for your storage system.
For specific setup of the Storage Manager, please refer to the following links:
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4.2.1 Dashboard
The Storage Manager dashboard provides an overview for IT administrators to easily
monitor and manage storage allocations.
Overview
There are three sections on the page: Storage Spaces, Storage Pools and Disks. They
are described below:
Storage Spaces (Shared Folder/LUN): All available shared folders, their capacity and
type (shared folders, LUN and unused) are listed in this section. Check the Shared
Folders and iSCSI Storage chapters for more details.
Storage Pools: This section provides a space usage overview on the storage pool
created on the NAS. The name, controller, status, total and used capacity, and
RAID group of each storage pool is listed here. Click the down arrow button in front
of the name to show its RAID group and "Show members" (in the appeared RAID
Group bobble) to check the disks that belong to the RAID group. You can also click
"New Storage Pool" in this section to create a storage pool. For details on storage
pools, please refer to the Storage Pools chapter.
Disks: The physical hard disk drives and their associated storage hosts (including
both the NAS and its connected expansion enclosures) are shown in this section.
Click the hard disk drive icon to bring up the Disk Health window. For details on the
Disk Health window, please refer to the Disks chapter.
Utilization
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This page is designed for users to monitor storage utilization of their NAS. With volume
and storage pool usage information presented on this page, users can manage their
storage system more effectively and spot potential issues based on trends over a
period of time (from the last hour to the last year.)
Select to view the storage usage rate of a particular LUN, shared folder, or storage
pool (switch to "Storage Spaces" for a LUN and shared folder; Switch to "Storage
Pools" for a storage pool) over a period ranging from the past hour to the past year.
Click "Clear Record" to reset the utilization graph.
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4.2.2 Storage
Manage storage pools, hard disk drives, shared folders, snapshots, and iSCSI targets
and LUNs, encrypt and decrypt file systems, and configure cache acceleration and host
whitelists with Storage Manager.
For details on the features, refer to the following links:
Disks
Storage Space
Cache Acceleration
Hosts
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4.2.2.1 Disks
This page is designed for users to monitor and manage hard disk drives installed on the
NAS and its connected expansion enclosures, and users can quickly isolate and identify
hard drives for relevant maintenance tasks.
This chapter covers the following topics:
Managing NAS Hosts
Managing Disks
HDD S.M.A.R.T Information
Configuring Disk Health Global Settings
Managing Expansion Enclosures
Recovering Expansion Enclosures
Listing all Disks
Managing NAS Hosts
Click a NAS host in the system component panel to check its general information. Refer
to the following table for actions available to manage a NAS host:
Action
Description
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Enclosure
Info
Click this button to check details of an enclosure, including the
model, serial number, firmware version, BUS type, BIOS version, CPU
temperature for each controller, system temperature for each
controller, power status for each PSU, and system and power fan
speed for each power and system fan.
Locate
(under
"Action")
Click this button and the chassis LEDs of the selected NAS host will
blink for easy identification.
RAID
Group
Click this button and select a RAID group to check its details,
including capacity, RAID group name, RAID type and disk member.
Managing Disks
Click "+" beside the NAS host in the system component panel and select a disk to
check its general information. The legend shown under the system component panel is
provided to indicate the types of hard disk drives:
Data: A disk drive that contains data.
Ready: A disk drive that is ready and healthy.
Error: A disk drive detected with errors (could be bad sectors or I/O errors) and it is
recommended that this disk drive is to be replaced immediately.
Raw: A disk drive that has not been initialized.
Cache: A disk drive configured as cache.
None: A disk drive that was not detected by the system.
Refer to the following table for actions available to manage a disk:
Action
Description
Disk Info
Click this button to check details of a disk, including the model,
model number, serial number, capacity, firmware version, ATA
version and ATA standard.
Disk Health
Click this button to check disk S.M.A.R.T information. More details
about S.M.A.R.T information will be provided in the next table.
Scan Now
(under
"Action")
Click this button to scan the disk for bad blocks. If bad blocks are
found, the number of bad blocks will be displayed in the "Status"
field. Check the bad block sectors by clicking on the "bad blocks"
message so long as the disk is not busy.
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You can also use this function if a drive is in an error state. In this
case, if no bad blocks found after a complete scan, the error state
of drive will be changed back to normal.
Locate
(under
"Action")
Click this button to locate drives using LED lights for easy
identification of physical hard drives.
RAID Group
Click this button and select a RAID group and check its details,
including capacity, RAID group name, RAID type and disk member.
HDD S.M.A.R.T Inform ation
Click the "Disk Health" button to bring up the Disk Health window.
First select the NAS Host or an expansion enclosure and one of its disks to check for S.
M.A.R.T information. Refer to the below table for descriptions of each field:
Field
Description
Summary
This page provides an overview on hard disk S.M.A.R.T details and
the result of the latest test.
Hard Disk
Informatio
n
This page shows hard disk details, including disk model, model
number, serial number, disk capacity, firmware version, ATA version
and ATA standard.
SMART
Informatio
n
This page shows the results of the latest S.M.A.R.T test.
Test
Click on this tab to choose a rapid or complete S.M.A.R.T testing
method for the hard disks. The test result will be shown.
Settings
Configure the following settings on this page: 1) Enable Temperature
Alarm: enable this option to set the temperature alarm. When the
hard disk temperature exceeds the specified threshold level, the
system will record an error message; and 2) Rapid and complete test
schedules: schedule a rapid or complete test here. The result of the
latest test can be viewed on the "Summary" page.
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Click "APPLY to Selected HDD" to apply the settings configured on
this page only to the selected hard disk drive or "APPLY to All HDDs"
to all hard disk drives.
Configuring Disk Health Global Settings
You can enable the following Disk Health settings in the Global Setting dialog window
(the "setting" icon next to "?" on top right side of the screen):
Disk S.M.A.R.T polling time (minutes): This value is the interval the hard drive disks
are scanned for S.M.A.R.T errors and the default is 10 minutes.
TLER/ERC timer (seconds): This option allows system administrators to configure
the hard disk drive R/W response time. If you are not sure about the interval to set
for the timer, please leave it as is.
Managing Expansion Enclosures
First click an expansion enclosure (REXP) in the system component panel to check its
general information. Refer to the following table for actions available to manage an
expansion enclosure:
Action
Description
Enclosure Info
Click this button to check on details of the chosen
enclosure, including the enclosure model, serial
number, firmware version, BUS type, CPU
temperature, system temperature, power status,
system fan speed and power fan speed.
Locate (under "Action")
Click this button and the chassis LEDs of the
selected expansion enclosure will blink for easy
identification.
Update firmware (under
"Action")
Click this button to update firmware for the chosen
enclosure.
Rename enclosure (under
"Action")
Click this button to rename the chosen enclosure.
Recovering Expansion Enclosures
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Click "Recover" on the top-right side of the window and click "Reinitialize enclosure ID"
to reorder ID for expansion enclosures in a numerical manner.
Listing all Disks
Click "Total Disk List" on the top-right side of the window to list all disks. You can show
or filter for disks. Set the filter from the drop down list to only show hard disks based on
the device (enclosure or NAS they belong to), disk, model, type (HDD or SSD), BUS type,
capacity, used type (data, ready, error, raw, cache, or none) and status. Click "Refresh"
to refresh the list.
You can also perform sequential read and IOPS read tests using the "Performance test"
button, schedule weekly sequential read tests using the "Weekly Test" button and
check the test results to gauge the performance of the tested disks.
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4.2.2.2 Storage Space
The Storage Space features Storage Pools, Shared Folders and LUNs. This page lists
available controllers, storage pools, shared folders, iSCSI LUNs and snapshots based on
their hierarchical structure. It displays these storage entities’ capacity and/or usage to
give a complete view of storage allocation. Users can create or manage storage pools/
shared folders/RAID groups/LUNs, or take/view snapshots of the shared folders/LUNs on
this page.
For details on storage pools, RAID groups, and shared folders, refer to the following
links:
Storage Pools
Shared Folders
Note: You can also create an iSCSI LUN on this page (Click "Create" > "New iSCSI
LUN"). For details on creating new iSCSI LUNs, refer to the iSCSI Storage chapter.
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A storage pool is designed to aggregate physical hard disk drives into a large storage
space and to provide enhanced RAID protection for it.
You can perform the following actions to manage storage pools:
Creating New Storage Pools
Removing Storage Pools
Expanding Storage Pools
Scrubbing Storage Pools
Deactivating and Reactivating Storage Pools
Setting a Threshold
Additionally, RAID group types are covered in this chapter.
Note:
For RAID groups that contain 16 hard drives, up to 512MB RAM will be used
for them. In case you need to connect 8 expansion enclosures to your NAS, please
ensure that the NAS has at least 8GB RAM.
Creating New Storage Pools
Follow these steps to create a new storage pool:
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1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".
2. Click "Create" > "New Storage Pool".
3. Specify the pool name, choose the controller the pool belongs to, and select the
enclosure unit, hard disk drive(s), RAID type and click "Next".
4. Review the pool creation summary and click "Create".
5.
Please note that all data on the selected hard disk drive(s) will be erased.
Click "OK" if you are certain about this.
6. A new storage pool will be created.
Rem oving Storage Pools
Follow these steps to remove a storage pool:
1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".
2. Navigate to the storage pool to be removed.
3. Click "Actions" > "Remove Pool".
4. Click "Apply".
5. The selected storage pool will be removed.
Note:
Before you remove a storage pool, be sure to remove all shared folders and
LUNs on that storage pool.
Expanding Storage Pools
Follow these steps to expand a storage pool:
1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".
2. Navigate to the storage pool to be expanded.
3. Click "Actions" > "Expand Pool".
4. Select the hard drive(s) to expand the storage pool with and click "Expand".
5. The chosen storage pool will be expanded.
Scrubbing Storage Pools
Scrubbing a storage pools allows you to scan the sectors of RAID groups within that
storage pool and will automatically attempt to repair failed blocks to maintain the file
system's consistency. Please note that during scrubbing, the read/write performance
may be affected. Follow these steps to scrub a storage pool:
1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".
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2. Navigate to the storage pool to be scrubbed.
3. Click "Actions" > "Scrub Pool".
4. The chosen storage pool will be scrubbed.
Deactivating and Reactivating Storage Pools
Before removing HDDs or SSDs, you are recommended to first deactivate the storage
pools of these being removed. To deactivate a storage pool, follow these steps:
1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".
2. Navigate to the storage pool to be deactivated.
3. Click "Actions" > "Offline Pool".
4. The chosen storage pool will be deactivated.
After you deactivate the storage pools and re-insert/replace their HDDs or SSDs, follow
these steps to reactivate the storage pools:
1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".
2. Navigate to the storage pool to be reactivated.
3. Click "Actions" > "Online Pool".
4. The chosen storage pool will be reactivated.
Setting a Threshold
The system will generate a warning message in system logs when the storage pool used
size hits the threshold. To set a threshold value for a storage pool, follow these steps:
1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".
2. Navigate to the storage pool that you want to set a threshold.
3. Click the "edit" button (a pen icon) under the storage pool section (right portion of
the window).
4. Enter a value for alert threshold and click "Apply".
Explaining RAID Group Types
Refer to the table below for explanations on RAID types:
Field
Description
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Single Disk
A single, stand-alone RAID group can be set up for your NAS.
However, this setup does not provide any redundancy protection. So,
in the event that a disk is corrupted or otherwise damaged, all data
on that disk will be lost.
RAID 0
Striping
A striping RAID group combines two or more disks into one large,
logical disk. It offers the fastest disk access performance but no data
redundancy protection in the event of disk failure or damage. The disk
capacity is the sum of all disks. Disk striping is usually used to
maximize disk capacity or to accelerate disk access speed. Please
note that RAID 0 configuration is not recommended for storing
sensitive data.
RAID 1
Mirroring
Disk Mirroring protects your data by automatically mirroring the
contents of one disk to the second disk in the mirrored pair. It
provides protection in the event of a single disk failure. The storage
capacity is equal to the capacity of the smallest single disk, as the
second disk drive is used to back up the first disk drive. RAID 1
configuration is suitable for storing sensitive data on a corporate or
personal level.
RAID 5
RAID 5 configurations are ideal for organizations running databases
and other transaction-based applications that require storage
efficiency and data protection. A minimum of 3 hard disks are required
to create a RAID 5 group. The total capacity of the RAID 5 group is
equal to the size of the disk with the smallest capacity in the array
times the number of (hard disk – 1). It is recommended (though not
required) that only hard drives of the same brand and capacity are
used to establish the most efficient hard drive capacity.
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In addition, if your system contains four disk drives, it is possible to
use three drives to implement a RAID 5 data array with the fourth
drive kept as a spare disk. In this configuration, the system will
automatically use the spare disk to rebuild the array in the event of a
physical disk failure. A RAID 5 configuration can survive one disk
failure without losing any system functionality. When a disk fails in
RAID 5, the disk volume will operate in the "degraded mode". There is
no more data protection at this stage, and all the data will be lost if
the unit suffers a second disk failure. A failed disk should be
immediately replaced. Users can choose to install a new disk after
turning off the server or hot-swap the new disk while the server is
running. The status of the disk volume will change to "rebuilding" after
installing a new disk. Your disk volume will return to a normal status
once the volume rebuilding process is complete.
Note:
To install a new disk when the server is running, first ensure
the disk volume is in "degraded" mode. Or, wait to hear two long
beeps after the disk crashes and then insert the new disk in place of
the failed disk.
RAID 6
RAID 6 is ideal for critical data protection needs. To create a RAID 6
group, a minimum of 4 hard disks are required. The total capacity of a
RAID 6 group is equal to the size of the disk with the smallest
capacity in the array times the number of (hard disks – 2). It is
recommended (though not required) to use identical hard drives to
establish the most efficient hard drive capacity. RAID 6 can survive 2
disk failures and the system can still operate properly.
Note:
To install a new disk when the server is running, first ensure
the disk volume is in "degraded" mode. Or, wait to hear two long
beeps after the disk crash and then insert the new disk in place of
the failed disk.
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RAID 10
RAID 10 is a combination of RAID 1 (mirroring) and RAID 0 (striping),
without parity. RAID 10 is a stripe across a number of disks to provide
fault tolerance and high speed data transfer. The storage capacity of
a RAID 10 group is equal to the size of the disk with the smallest
capacity in the array times (the number of hard disks in the array/2).
It is recommended that only hard disk drives of the same brand and
capacity are used to create a RAID 10 group. RAID 10 is suitable for
high volume transaction applications, such as a database, that require
high performance and fault tolerance. A maximum of 2 failed disks
from 2 different pairs are allowed in RAID 10.
Note:
To install a new disk when the server is running, first be sure
the disk volume is in the "degraded" mode. Or, wait to hear two long
beeps after the disk crashes and then insert the new disk in place of
the failed disk.
Triple
Mirror
Triple mirror aims to solve RAID 1 data loss risk if both the primary and
mirror drive fails or if there is a non-recoverable read error. Triple
mirror writes data simultaneously to three separate HDDs so if two
HDDs fail or there are unrecoverable read errors in the same mirror,
the system still has access to data with no degradation in
performance even as the drives are rebuilt. The advantage is
performance; the disadvantage is far less usable capacity.
RAID-TP
RAID TP (disk striping with triple distributed parities) is similar to RAID
5 and 6. It stripes data across drives, but calculates for three parities
that are written to three individual disks. RAID-TP uses three
independent equations to calculate each individual parity that enables
reconstruction of data when three disks and /or blocks fail at the
same time. RAID-TP can add an extra level of redundancy to help
protect your data. RAID-TP requires a minimum of 4 drives.
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Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space" to create, configure, encrypt,
and manage shared folders and their snapshots on your NAS.
This chapter covers the following topics:
Creating Shared Folders
Deleting Shared Folders and Changing Folder Properties
Configuring Shared Folder Permissions
oUser and user group permissions
oNFS host access
oMicrosoft networking host access control
Encrypting Shared Folders
oEncrypting and locking a shared folder
oEncryption verification
oUnlocking a shared folder
oEncryption management
Managing Snapshots
oTaking a snapshot
oManaging snapshots with Snapshot Manager
oConfiguring snapshot global settings
Creating Shared Folders
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You can create multiple shared folders on one storage pool and specify the access rights
of the users and user groups to the shared folders.
To create a shared folder, follow the steps below:
1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".
2. Click "Create" > "New Shared Folder".
3. Enter the basic folder settings for the shared folder.
oFolder name: Enter the share name. The share name does not support " / \
[ ] : ; | = , + * ? < > ` '
oDescription: Enter an optional description of the shared folder.
oStorage Pool: Select the storage pool on which to create the folder.
4. Configure storage settings and services:
oStorage settings:
Thin provision: With thin provisioning, the system can allocate initialized space
and increments this quantity when the used storage reaches the threshold. It
allows the system to over-allocate the storage capacity regardless of the
physical storage limit, and the physical disk space is used only when files are
written into shared folders.
Folder quota: Set the quote of the shared folder. If the quota is not specified,
the size of the shared folder will be equal to that of the pool.
Compression: When this option is enabled, more CPU resources of the NAS will
be used but the size of the shared folder can be reduced.
Deduplication: This option, once checked, allows the system to reduce the
amount of storage needed by eliminating duplicate copies of repeating data.
Storage services: Set the shared folder as a Windows share (CIFS/SMB),
Linux share (NFS) or a FTP/FTPS storage space.
5. Access privileges for users: Select the way you want to specify access rights to
the folder. If you select to specify the access rights by user or user group, you can
select to grant read only, read/write, or deny access to the users or user groups.
6. Advanced settings
oHidden Folder: Select to hide the shared folder or not in Microsoft Networking.
When a shared folder is hidden, you have to enter the complete directory \
\NAS_IP\share_name to access the share.
oLock File (Oplocks): Opportunistic locking is a Windows mechanism for the client
to place an opportunistic lock (oplock) on a file residing on a server in order to
cache the data locally for improved performance. Oplocks is enabled by default
for everyday usage and should be disabled on networks that require multiple
users concurrently accessing the same files.
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oSynchronous I/O: Select "Always" to always use synchronous file I/O or
"Standard" for the system to deploy the file I/O approach (synchronous file I/O
or asynchronous file I/O) based on applications. Use the default option if you are
not sure which one to choose.
oRecycle Bin: Enable the Network Recycle Bin for created shared folders. "Restrict
the access of Recycle Bin to administrators only for now" will ensure that files
deleted and moved to the Network Recycle Bin can only be recovered by
administrators. Please note that the Recycle Bin option is only available after you
enable Network Recycle Bin in "Control Panel" > "Network Services" > "Network
Recycle Bin".
7. Folder Encryption: Select to enable folder encryption (with 256-bit AES encryption)
using a password or a key. See Folder Encryption for more information.
8. Click "create" to complete the setup.
Tip:
You can also create a shared folder in File Station. Check the File Station
chapter for details.
The asynchronous file I/O is generally considered more efficiently, but if power
outage occurs, and the file writing process using the asynchronous file I/O is
interrupted, data loss may happen.
Deleting Shared Folders and C hanging Folder Properties
To delete a shared folder, follow these steps:
1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space", find and click the shared
folder.
2. Click "Actions" > "Remove" > "Apply".
Note:
If the WORM option is set to "Compliance" for a shared folder, that shared folder
cannot be removed unless the storage pool on which the shared folder is created is
removed.
To edit the properties of a shared folder, follow these steps:
1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space", find and click the shared
folder.
2. Click "Actions" > "Edit Properties".
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The properties that can be changed include the folder name, description, storage
settings (including Thin Provision, Folder Quota, Compression, Deduplication and SSD
Cache) and services (CIFS/SMB, NFS, FTP/FTPS), and advanced settings (Hidden Folder,
Oplocks, Synchronous I/O, and Recycle BIN. Refer to the Creating Shared Folders
section above for details (in Step 4 and 6).
Configuring Shared Folder Perm issions
There are three types of permissions users can configure for shared folders: 1) user and
user group permissions; 2) NFS host access; and 3) Microsoft Networking host access.
To configure these permission types, locate and click the shared folder in "Storage
Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space" and select "Permissions".
User and user group permissions
Select "Users and groups permission" from the "Select permission type" drop-down list.
The folder name will be shown on the left and the users with configured access rights
are shown in the right panel. Click "Add" to select more users and user groups on the
NAS or from the domain and specify their access rights to the folder. Click "Add" to
confirm addition. Or, you can click "Remove" to remove any configured permissions. You
can select multiple items by holding the Ctrl key and left clicking the mouse. Click "Apply"
to save the settings.
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Note:
If you have specified "deny access" for a user on the root folder, the user will not
be allowed to access the folder and subfolders even if you select read/write
access to the subfolders.
If you have specified "read only access" for a user on the root folder, the user will
have read only access to all the subfolders even if you select read/write access
to the subfolders.
To specify read only permission on the root folder and read/write permission on
the subfolders, you must set read/write permission on the root folder.
NFS host access
This permission type specifies if hosts connecting to the NAS by NFS are allowed to
access shared folders. To assign the access right, select "NFS host access" from the
drop-down menu on the top of the page, specify the access rights and the hosts, and
click "Apply". Note that users can only configure permissions for hosts on the host list, so
please ensure that you have entered the hosts on the list (you can click "Create Host"
to do so.) There are three types of access rights:
No limit: Allow users to create, read, write, and delete files or folders in the shared
folder and any subdirectories.
Read only: Allow users to read files in the shared folder and any subdirectories but
they are not allowed to write, create, or delete any files.
Deny access: Deny all access to the shared folder.
If you select "No limit" or "Read only", you can specify the IP address or domains that are
allowed to connect to the folder by NFS.
Microsoft networking host access control
NAS folders can be accessed via Samba (Windows) by default. You can still specify the
authorized hosts for certain shared folders by following these steps:
1. Select "Microsoft Networking host access" from the drop-down menu on top of the
page.
2. Uncheck "All hosts can access the shared folder".
3. Specify the allowed host names (or click "Create Host" if your desired hosts are not
on the list.)
4. click "Apply".
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Encrypting Shared Folders
Shared fo<