Table of Contents
- NBG-418N v2
- User’s Guide
- Introduction
- The Web Configurator
- Connection Wizard
- Modes
- Tutorials
- 5.1 Overview
- 5.2 How to Connect to the Internet from an AP
- 5.3 Configure Wireless Security Using WPS on both your NBG-418N v2 and Wireless Client
- 5.4 Enable and Configure Wireless Security without WPS on your NBG-418N v2
- 5.5 Using Multiple SSIDs on the NBG-418N v2
- 5.6 Installing UPnP in Windows 7 Example
- 5.7 Using Bandwidth Management on the NBG-418N v2
- Technical Reference
- Wireless LAN
- WAN
- LAN
- DHCP Server
- Network Address Translation
- Dynamic DNS
- Static Route
- Firewall
- Content Filter
- Remote Management
- Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
- Bandwidth MGMT
- System
- Logs
- Tools
- Sys OP Mode
- Language
- Troubleshooting
- Customer Support
- IP Addresses and Subnetting
- Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
- Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address
- Wireless LANs
- Common Services
- Legal Information
- Index
Zyxel NBG-418N v2 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for NBG-418N v2 by Zyxel which is a product in the Wireless Routers category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
Default Login Details
User’s Guide
NBG-418N v2
Wireless N300 Home Router
Copyright © 2018 Zyxel Communications Corporation
Web Address http://myrouter (router mode)
LAN IP
Address
http://192.168.1.1 (router mode)
http://192.168.1.2 (non-router
mode)
User Name admin
Password 1234
Version 1.00 Edition 3, 07/2018
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
2
IMPORTANT!
READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE.
KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
Screenshots and graphics in this book may differ slightly from what you see due to differences in release
versions or your computer operating system. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information
in this manual is accurate.
Related Documentation
•Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide shows how to connect the managed device.
•More Information
Go to support.zyxel.com to find other information on the NBG-418N v2.
Contents Overview
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
3
Contents Overview
User’s Guide ......................................................................................................................................10
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 11
The Web Configurator ......................................................................................................................... 16
Connection Wizard .............................................................................................................................. 19
Modes .................................................................................................................................................... 28
Tutorials .................................................................................................................................................. 46
Technical Reference ........................................................................................................................59
Wireless LAN .......................................................................................................................................... 60
WAN ....................................................................................................................................................... 76
LAN ......................................................................................................................................................... 96
DHCP Server .......................................................................................................................................... 99
Network Address Translation ............................................................................................................. 103
Dynamic DNS ...................................................................................................................................... 112
Static Route ......................................................................................................................................... 114
Firewall ................................................................................................................................................. 116
Content Filter ....................................................................................................................................... 120
Remote Management ....................................................................................................................... 122
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ......................................................................................................... 125
Bandwidth MGMT ............................................................................................................................... 133
System .................................................................................................................................................. 136
Logs ...................................................................................................................................................... 139
Tools ...................................................................................................................................................... 141
Sys OP Mode ....................................................................................................................................... 146
Language ............................................................................................................................................ 148
Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................................. 149
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Table of Contents
Contents Overview .............................................................................................................................3
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................................4
Part I: User’s Guide..........................................................................................10
Chapter 1
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................11
1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 11
1.2 Securing the NBG-418N v2 ............................................................................................................ 12
1.3 LEDs .................................................................................................................................................. 13
1.4 The WPS/RESET Button .................................................................................................................... 13
1.4.1 Using the WPS/RESET Button ................................................................................................. 14
1.5 Wall Mounting ................................................................................................................................. 14
Chapter 2
The Web Configurator........................................................................................................................16
2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2 Accessing the Web Configurator ................................................................................................. 16
2.3 Resetting the NBG-418N v2 ........................................................................................................... 18
Chapter 3
Connection Wizard............................................................................................................................19
3.1 Wizard Setup ................................................................................................................................... 19
3.2 Connection Wizard: STEP 1: WAN Connection Type .................................................................. 20
3.2.1 PPPoE Connection ................................................................................................................ 21
3.2.2 Dynamic IP Connection ....................................................................................................... 22
3.2.3 Static IP Connection ............................................................................................................. 23
3.3 Connection Wizard: STEP 2: Wireless LAN ....................................................................................24
3.4 Connection Wizard: STEP 3: Internet Configuration ................................................................... 26
3.5 Connection Wizard Complete ...................................................................................................... 26
Chapter 4
Modes .................................................................................................................................................28
4.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 28
4.2 Setting your NBG-418N v2 to Router Mode ................................................................................. 29
4.2.1 Status Screen (Router Mode) ..............................................................................................30
4.2.2 Router Mode Navigation Panel .......................................................................................... 34
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4.3 Setting your NBG-418N v2 to AP Mode ........................................................................................36
4.3.1 Status Screen (AP Mode) ..................................................................................................... 36
4.3.2 AP Navigation Panel ............................................................................................................. 38
4.4 Setting your NBG-418N v2 to Universal Repeater Mode ............................................................ 39
4.4.1 Status Screen (Universal Repeater Mode) ......................................................................... 39
4.4.2 Universal Repeater Navigation Panel ................................................................................. 41
4.5 Setting your NBG-418N v2 to Client Bridge Mode ...................................................................... 42
4.5.1 Status Screen (Client Bridge Mode) .................................................................................... 43
4.5.2 Universal Repeater Navigation Panel ................................................................................. 44
Chapter 5
Tutorials ...............................................................................................................................................46
5.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 46
5.2 How to Connect to the Internet from an AP ............................................................................... 46
5.3 Configure Wireless Security Using WPS on both your NBG-418N v2 and Wireless Client ........ 46
5.3.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC) ........................................................................................ 47
5.3.2 PIN Configuration .................................................................................................................. 48
5.4 Enable and Configure Wireless Security without WPS on your NBG-418N v2 .......................... 50
5.4.1 Configure Your Wireless Client ............................................................................................. 51
5.5 Using Multiple SSIDs on the NBG-418N v2 ..................................................................................... 53
5.5.1 Configuring Security Settings of Multiple SSIDs .................................................................. 54
5.6 Installing UPnP in Windows 7 Example .......................................................................................... 57
5.7 Using Bandwidth Management on the NBG-418N v2 ................................................................ 57
Part II: Technical Reference...........................................................................59
Chapter 6
Wireless LAN .......................................................................................................................................60
6.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 60
6.2 What You Can Do .......................................................................................................................... 61
6.3 What You Should Know ................................................................................................................. 62
6.3.1 Wireless Security Overview ................................................................................................... 62
6.3.2 MBSSID .................................................................................................................................... 62
6.3.3 MAC Address Filter ................................................................................................................ 62
6.3.4 Encryption .............................................................................................................................. 63
6.3.5 WPS ......................................................................................................................................... 63
6.4 General Wireless LAN Screen ....................................................................................................... 63
6.4.1 No Security ............................................................................................................................. 65
6.4.2 WEP Encryption ..................................................................................................................... 66
6.4.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK .............................................................................................................. 67
6.5 MAC Filter ........................................................................................................................................ 68
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6.6 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen ................................................................................................... 69
6.7 WPS Screen ..................................................................................................................................... 69
6.8 WPS Station Screen ........................................................................................................................ 70
6.9 Scheduling Screen ......................................................................................................................... 71
6.10 MBSSID Screen .............................................................................................................................. 72
6.11 AP Select Screen .......................................................................................................................... 73
6.12 WLAN Information Screen ........................................................................................................... 74
Chapter 7
WAN ....................................................................................................................................................76
7.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 76
7.2 What You Need To Know .............................................................................................................. 76
7.2.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection ............................................................................... 76
7.3 Internet Connection Screen .......................................................................................................... 77
7.3.1 Ethernet Encapsulation ........................................................................................................ 77
7.3.2 PPPoE Encapsulation ............................................................................................................ 79
7.3.3 PPTP Encapsulation ............................................................................................................... 81
7.3.4 DS-Lite ..................................................................................................................................... 83
7.4 Advanced Screen .......................................................................................................................... 83
7.5 IPv6 Screen ...................................................................................................................................... 84
Chapter 8
LAN......................................................................................................................................................96
8.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 96
8.2 What You Need To Know .............................................................................................................. 96
8.2.1 IP Address and Subnet Mask ...............................................................................................97
8.2.2 DNS Server Address Assignment .......................................................................................... 97
8.2.3 IP Pool Setup .......................................................................................................................... 98
8.2.4 LAN TCP/IP ............................................................................................................................. 98
8.3 LAN IP Screen .................................................................................................................................. 98
Chapter 9
DHCP Server........................................................................................................................................99
9.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 99
9.2 What You Can Do .......................................................................................................................... 99
9.3 What You Need To Know .............................................................................................................. 99
9.4 General Screen ............................................................................................................................... 99
9.5 Static DHCP Screen ................................................................................................................... 100
9.6 Client List Screen ........................................................................................................................... 101
Chapter 10
Network Address Translation ..........................................................................................................103
10.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 103
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10.2 What You Can Do ...................................................................................................................... 103
10.2.1 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 104
10.3 General NAT Screen ................................................................................................................... 105
10.4 NAT Application Screen ........................................................................................................... 106
10.5 Port Triggering Screen ................................................................................................................ 107
10.6 Technical Reference .................................................................................................................. 109
10.6.1 NAT Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers ......................................................... 109
10.6.2 NAT Port Forwarding Example ......................................................................................... 109
10.6.3 Trigger Port Forwarding .................................................................................................... 110
10.6.4 Trigger Port Forwarding Example .................................................................................... 110
10.6.5 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports ............................................................... 111
Chapter 11
Dynamic DNS ...................................................................................................................................112
11.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 112
11.2 Dynamic DNS Screen ............................................................................................................... 112
Chapter 12
Static Route.......................................................................................................................................114
12.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 114
12.2 IP Static Route Screen ............................................................................................................... 114
Chapter 13
Firewall..............................................................................................................................................116
13.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 116
13.2 What You Can Do ...................................................................................................................... 116
13.3 What You Need To Know .......................................................................................................... 117
13.3.1 About the NBG-418N v2 Firewall ..................................................................................... 117
13.3.2 VPN Pass Through Features .............................................................................................. 117
13.4 General Firewall Screen .......................................................................................................... 117
13.5 Services Screen ........................................................................................................................ 118
Chapter 14
Content Filter ....................................................................................................................................120
14.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 120
14.2 What You Can Do ...................................................................................................................... 120
14.3 Filter Screen .............................................................................................................................. 120
Chapter 15
Remote Management.....................................................................................................................122
15.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 122
15.1.1 Remote Management Limitations .................................................................................. 123
15.1.2 Remote Management and NAT ..................................................................................... 123
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15.1.3 System Timeout .................................................................................................................. 123
15.2 WWW Screen ........................................................................................................................... 123
Chapter 16
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)............................ .......................... ... .......................... ...................125
16.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 125
16.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................... 125
16.3 Configuring UPnP ........................................................................................................................ 126
16.4 Installing UPnP in Windows 7 Example ......................................................................................126
16.4.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ................................................................................ 128
16.4.2 Web Configurator Easy Access ....................................................................................... 130
Chapter 17
Bandwidth MGMT.............................................................................................................................133
17.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 133
17.2 What You Can Do ...................................................................................................................... 133
17.3 What You Need To Know .......................................................................................................... 133
17.4 Bandwidth MGMT Screen ......................................................................................................... 133
17.5 Advanced Screen ..................................................................................................................... 134
Chapter 18
System...............................................................................................................................................136
18.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 136
18.2 What You Can Do ...................................................................................................................... 136
18.3 System General Screen ............................................................................................................ 136
18.4 Time Setting Screen .................................................................................................................... 137
Chapter 19
Logs ...................................................................................................................................................139
19.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 139
19.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................... 139
19.3 View Log Screen ......................................................................................................................... 139
Chapter 20
Tools ..................................................................................................................................................141
20.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 141
20.2 What You Can Do ...................................................................................................................... 141
20.3 Firmware Upload Screen ........................................................................................................... 141
20.4 Configuration Screen ................................................................................................................. 143
20.4.1 Backup Configuration ...................................................................................................... 143
20.4.2 Restore Configuration ...................................................................................................... 143
20.4.3 Back to Factory Defaults .................................................................................................. 144
20.5 Restart Screen ............................................................................................................................. 144
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Chapter 21
Sys OP Mode ....................................................................................................................................146
21.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 146
21.2 General Screen ........................................................................................................................... 146
Chapter 22
Language .........................................................................................................................................148
22.1 Language Screen ....................................................................................................................... 148
Chapter 23
Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................149
23.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ............................................................................... 149
23.2 NBG-418N v2 Access and Login ............................................................................................... 150
23.3 Internet Access ........................................................................................................................... 151
23.4 Resetting the NBG-418N v2 to Its Factory Defaults ................................................................. 152
23.5 Wireless Problems ........................................................................................................................ 153
Appendix A Customer Support ..................................................................................................... 154
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting .................................................................................... 160
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions............................................ 169
Appendix D Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address.................................................................. 178
Appendix E Wireless LANs............................................................................................................... 205
Appendix F Common Services ...................................................................................................... 218
Appendix G Legal Information...................................................................................................... 221
Index .................................................................................................................................................229
10
PART I
User’s Guide
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11
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1.1 Overview
The NBG-418N v2 extends the range of your existing wired network without additional wiring, providing
easy network access to mobile users.
Your can create the following connections using the NBG-418N v2:
•LAN. You can connect network devices via the Ethernet ports of the NBG-418N v2 so that they can
communicate with each other and access the Internet.
•WLAN. Wireless clients can connect to the NBG-418N v2 to access network resources.
•WAN. Connect to a broadband modem/router for Internet access.
Figure 1 NBG-418N v2 Network
You can set up the NBG-418N v2 with other IEEE 802.11b/g/n compatible devices in one of the following
device modes:
•Router
• Access Point
• Universal Repeater
• Client Bridge
WLAN
WAN
LAN1
LAN2
LAN3
LAN4
Chapter 1 Introduction
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
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Use a (supported) web browser to manage the NBG-418N v2. Menus vary according to which mode
you’re using.
See Chapter 4 on page 28 for more information on these modes.
1.2 Securing the NBG-418N v2
Do the following things regularly to make the NBG-418N v2 more secure and to manage the NBG-418N
v2 more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of
characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working
configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your
password, you will have to reset the NBG-418N v2 to its factory default settings. If you backed up an
earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the NBG-418N v2. You could
simply restore your last configuration.
Router Mode AP or Universal
Repeater Mode
Client Bridge Mode
Chapter 1 Introduction
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1.3 LEDs
Figure 2 Front Panel
The following table describes the LEDs and the WPS button.
1.4 The WPS/RESET Button
Your NBG-418N v2 supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless
network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the Wi-Fi Alliance.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure
security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must
support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure).
Table 1 Front Panel LEDs and WPS Button
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
POWER Green On The NBG-418N v2 is receiving power and functioning properly.
Off The NBG-418N v2 is not receiving power.
WAN Green On The NBG-418N v2 has a successful 10/100MB WAN connection.
Blinking The NBG-418N v2 is sending/receiving data through the WAN.
Off The WAN connection is not ready, or has failed.
WLAN Green On The NBG-418N v2 is ready, but is not sending/receiving data through
the wireless LAN.
Blinking The NBG-418N v2 is sending/receiving data through the wireless LAN.
The NBG-418N v2 is negotiating a WPS connection with a wireless
client.
Off The wireless LAN is not ready or has failed.
WPS Green On WPS status is configured.
Blinking The NBG-418N v2 is negotiating a WPS connection with a wireless
client.
Off The WPS status is not configured or disabled.
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Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (recommended) on the device
itself, or in its configuration utility or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one
device to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has
two minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set
up a secure network by themselves.
The WPS/RESET single button is located at the back panel of the NBG-418N v2.
1.4.1 Using the WPS/RESET Button
1Make sure the power LED is on.
2Press the WPS/RESET button within 3 seconds to turn on the WPS function
3Press the WPS/RESET button for longer than 10 seconds to restart/reboot the NBG-418N v2 back to its
factory-default configurations.
For more information on using WPS/RESET, see Section 5.3 on page 46.
1.5 Wall Mounting
You may need screw anchors if mounting on a concrete or brick wall.
1Select a position free of obstructions on a wall strong enough to hold the weight of the device.
2Mark two holes on the wall at the appropriate distance apart for the screws.
Be careful to avoid damaging pipes or cables located inside the wall
when drilling holes for the screws.
3If using screw anchors, drill two holes for the screw anchors into the wall. Push the anchors into the full
depth of the holes, then insert the screws into the anchors. Do not insert the screws all the way in - leave
a small gap of about 0.5 cm.
If not using screw anchors, use a screwdriver to insert the screws into the wall. Do not insert the screws all
the way in - leave a gap of about 0.5 cm.
4Make sure the screws are fastened well enough to hold the weight of the NBG-418N v2 with the
connection cables.
5Align the holes on the back of the NBG-418N v2 with the screws on the wall. Hang the NBG-418N v2 on
the screws.
Table 2 Wall Mounting Information
Distance between holes 10.50 cm
M4 Screws Two
Screw anchors (optional) Two
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Figure 3 Wall Mounting Example
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
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CHAPTER 2
The Web Configurator
2.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to access the NBG-418N v2 Web Configurator and provides an overview of
its screens.
The Web Configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy setup and
management of the NBG-418N v2 via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 8.0 and later versions,
Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome or Safari. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in
Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Refer to Chapter 23 Troubleshooting to see how to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet
Explorer.
2.2 Accessing the Web Configurator
1Make sure your NBG-418N v2 hardware is properly connected and prepare your computer or computer
network to connect to the NBG-418N v2 (refer to the Quick Start Guide).
2Launch your web browser.
3When the NBG-418N v2 is in router mode, type “http://myrouter” or "http://192.168.1.1" as the website
address in your web browser. 192.168.1.1 is the default LAN IP address in router mode (the default
device mode). (The default IP address in non-router mode is 192.168.1.2).
Your computer must be in the same subnet in order to access this website address. In router mode, the
NBG-418N v2 can assign your computer an IP address, so you must set your computer to get an IP
address automatically (computer factory default) or give it a fixed IP address in the range between
192.168.1.3 and 192.168.1.254 (see the appendices).
4Type admin (default) as the user name and 1234 (default) as the password and click OK.
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Figure 4 Login Screen
5You should see a screen asking you to change your password (highly recommended) as shown next.
Type a new password. Click Apply to save your changes. Click Ignore if you do not want to change the
password this time.
Figure 5 Change Password Screen
Note: The management session automatically times out when the time period set in the
Administrator Inactivity Timer field expires (default five minutes). Simply log back into
the NBG-418N v2 if this happens.
6Select the setup type you want to use.
• Click Go to Wizard Setup to use the Configuration Wizard for basic Internet and Wireless setup.
• Click Go to Advanced Setup to view and configure all the NBG-418N v2’s settings.
• Select a language to go to the basic Web Configurator in that language. To change to the
advanced configurator see Chapter 22 on page 148.
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NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
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Figure 6 Selecting the setup mode
2.3 Resetting the NBG-418N v2
If you forget your password or IP address, or you cannot access the Web Configurator, you will need to
use the WPS/RESET button at the back of the NBG-418N v2 to reload the factory-default configuration
file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously saved, the username will be
reset to admin and password will be reset to 1234. The IP address will be reset to “192.168.1.1”.
Make sure the power LED is on and press the WPS/RESET button for longer than 10 seconds to restart/
reboot and set the NBG-418N v2 back to its factory-default configurations.
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
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CHAPTER 3
Connection Wizard
3.1 Wizard Setup
This chapter provides information on the wizard setup screens in the Web Configurator.
The Web Configurator’s wizard setup helps you configure your device to access the Internet. Leave a
field blank if you don’t have that information.
1After you access the NBG-418N v2 Web Configurator, click Go to Wizard setup.
Figure 7 Select Go to Wizard setup
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Figure 8 Welcome to the Connection Wizard
2Read the on-screen information and click Next.
3.2 Connection Wizard: STEP 1: WAN Connection Type
The NBG-418N v2 offers three Internet connection types. They are PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE), Dynamic IP
or Static IP. You must select one from the check box in Step 1 of the Wizard. Check with your ISP to make
sure you use the correct type.
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Figure 9 Wizard Step 1: WAN Connection Type
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
3.2.1 PPPoE Connection
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) functions as a dial-up connection. PPPoE is an IETF (Internet
Engineering Task Force) standard specifying how a host personal computer interacts with a broadband
modem (for example DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) to achieve access to high-speed data networks.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing
access control systems (for instance, RADIUS).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let end users access one of multiple network services, a
function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer
new IP services for specific users.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both the subscriber and the ISP/carrier, as it requires no
specific configuration of the broadband modem at the subscriber’s site.
Table 3 Wizard Step 1: WAN Connection Type
LABEL DESCRIPTION
PPPoE Select PPPoE radio button for a dial-up connection.
Dynamic IP Select Dynamic IP radio button if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address.
Static IP Select Static IP radio button, provided by your ISP to give the NBG-418N v2 a fixed, unique IP
Address.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Next Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Exit Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
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By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG-418N v2 (rather than individual computers), the computers
on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the NBG-418N v2 does that part of the task.
Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LAN's computers will have Internet access.
Figure 10 Wizard Step 2: PPPoE Connection
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
3.2.2 Dynamic IP Connection
Use the dynamic IP connection when your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address
dynamically.
Table 4 Wizard Step 2: PPPoE Connection
LABEL DESCRIPTION
PPPoE
User Name Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
Password Type the password associated with the user name above.
Confirm Password Type the password again for confirmation.
Account Validate Click the Account Validate button to establish the Internet connection via PPPoE
encapsulation.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Next Click Next to continue.
Exit Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
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Figure 11 Wizard Step 1: Dynamic IP Connection
3.2.3 Static IP Connection
The following wizard screen allows you to assign a fixed IP address to the NBG-418N v2
Figure 12 Wizard Step 2: Static IP
Click Next to open the following screen.
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Figure 13 Wizard Step 2: Static IP Connection
The following table describes the labels in this screen
Click Next to configure the WLAN for the NBG-418N v2.
3.3 Connection Wizard: STEP 2: Wireless LAN
Set up your wireless LAN using the following screen.
Table 5 Wizard Step 2: Static IP Connection
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Address Select this option if you were given IP address and/or DNS server settings by the ISP.
The fixed IP address should be in the same subnet as your broadband modem or
router.
Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask address in this field.
Default Gateway Enter the gateway IP address provided by your ISP.
Primary DNS DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you
must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The NBG-418N v2
uses a system DNS server (in the order you specify here) to resolve domain names for
DDNS and the time server. Enter the primary DNS server’s IP address in this field.
Secondary DNS Enter the secondary DNS server’s IP address in this field. This field is optional.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Next Click Next to continue.
Exit Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
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Figure 14 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless LAN
Disable the
wireless radio
Click this check box to disable the WLAN in the NBG-418N v2.
SSID Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN.
If you change this field on the NBG-418N v2, make sure all wireless stations use the same SSID in
order to access the network.
Channel The range of radio frequencies used by IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless devices is called a channel.
Set the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region. Select a channel
from the drop-down list box. The options vary depending on the frequency band and the
country you are in.
Select Auto to have the NBG-418N v2 automatically choose the channel with the least
interference.
Mode Select the IEEE 802.11 WLAN mode you wish to use on the NBG-418N v2 from the drop-down list.
Channel Width Select the channel bandwidth you want to use for your wireless network.
Select Auto 20/40 MHz to allow the NBG-418N v2 to adjust the channel bandwidth to 40 MHz or
20 MHz depending on network conditions.
Select 20 MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your
neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support channel bonding.
Select 40 MHz to bond two adjacent radio channels to increase throughput. The wireless clients
must also support 40 MHz.
Wireless Security
Disable Security Click this check box to disable security settings for the WLAN.
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Note: The wireless stations and NBG-418N v2 must use the same SSID, channel ID, WPA-PSK (if
WPA-PSK is enabled) or WPA2-PSK (if WPA2-PSK is enabled) for wireless communication.
3.4 Connection Wizard: STEP 3: Internet Configuration
Click Apply to finish setting up your NBG-418N v2 to operate on your network and access the
Internet.This wizard screen varies according to the connection type that you select.
Figure 15 Wizard Step 3: Internet Configuration.
3.5 Connection Wizard Complete
Click Finish to complete the wizard setup.
WPA2-PSK AES Choose WPA2-PSK AES security to configure a Pre-Shared Key. Choose this option only if your
wireless clients support WPA2-PSK. You will need to enter a Pre-Shared Key in the box below.
Pre-Shared Key Type in a string of ASCII characters between 8 and 63 or hexadecimal characters between 8
and 64 for the Pre-Shared Key field.
Back Click Back to display the previous screen.
Next Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Exit Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
Table 6 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 16 Connection Wizard Complete
Well done! You have successfully set up your NBG-418N v2 to operate on your network and access the
Internet.
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CHAPTER 4
Modes
4.1 Overview
You can set up the NBG-418N v2 with other IEEE 802.11b/g/n compatible devices in different device
modes.
Note: Choose your device mode carefully to avoid having to change it later. The NBG-418N
v2 automatically restarts when you change modes.
The default LAN IP address of the NBG-418N v2 in Router mode is 192.168.1.1. The
default IP address of the NBG-418N v2 in other modes is 192.168.1.2.
•Router: Use this mode if you want to use routing functions such as LAN DHCP, NAT, firewall and so on,
on the NBG-418N v2 (N). The NBG-418N v2 has separate LAN and WAN network IP addresses.
Connect the WAN port to an Internet Access Device (IAD) such as a broadband modem.
Figure 17 Router
•Access Point: Use this mode if you already have a Router (R) in your network and you want to set up a
wireless network and bridge the wired and wireless connections on the NBG-416N.
Figure 18 AP Mode
LEW
WLAN
LAN WAN
N
IAD
LEW
WLAN
LAN
WAN
NR
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•Universal Repeater: In this mode, the NBG-418N v2 (N) can be an access point and a wireless client at
the same time. Use this mode if there is an existing wireless router or access point in your network and
you want the NBG-418N v2 (N) to wirelessly relay communications from its wireless clients to the
access point.
Figure 19 Universal Repeater
•Client Bridge: Use this mode to have the NBG-418N v2 work only as a wireless client if there is an
existing wireless router or access point in the network to which you want to connect your local
network wirelessly. In this mode, you should know the SSID and wireless security details of the access
point to which you want to connect.
Figure 20 Client Bridge
4.2 Setting your NBG-418N v2 to Router Mode
The NBG-418N v2 is set to wireless router mode by default. If it was changed and now you want to set it
back, do the following procedure.
1Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-418N v2.
2The default LAN IP address of the NBG-418N v2 is 192.168.1.1 in router mode and 192.168.1.2 by default in
non-router mode. In router mode, the NBG-418N v2 can assign your computer an IP address, so you
must set your computer to get an IP address automatically (computer factory default) or give it a fixed
IP address in the range between 192.168.1.3 and 192.168.1.254.
3After you’ve set your computer’s IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and type the
IP address of the NBG-418N v2 as the web address in your web browser.
4Log into the Web Configurator. See the Chapter 2 on page 16 for instructions on how to do this.
5Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General and select Router.
LEW
N
AP
WLAN
N
AP
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6A pop-up window appears providing information on this mode. Click OK in the pop-up message
window. Click Apply.
Note: Wait while the NBG-418N v2 restarts, then log in to the Web Configurator again. The
NBG-418N v2 IP address is now 192.168.1.1.
4.2.1 Status Screen (Router Mode)
The screen below shows the status screen in Router mode.
Figure 21 Status Screen (Router Mode)
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The following table describes the icons shown in the Status screen.
The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen in Router mode.
Table 7 Status Screen Icon Key
ICON DESCRIPTION
Click this icon to open the setup wizard.
Click this icon to view copyright and a link for related product information.
Click this icon at any time to exit the Web Configurator.
Table 8 Web Configurator Status Screen (Router Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Device Information
System Name This is the System Name you enter in the Maintenance > System > General screen.
It is for identification purposes.
Firmware Version This is the current firmware version of the NBG-418N v2.
WAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- Connection Type This shows the current connection type.
- IP Address This shows the WAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the WAN port’s subnet mask.
- Gateway This shows the WAN port’s gateway IP address.
- DNS This shows the IP address of your DNS server.
LAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
- DHCP Server This shows the LAN port’s DHCP server status.
WLAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- Status This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN - On, Off or Off by scheduler.
- Name (SSID) This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG-418N v2 in the wireless LAN.
- Channel This shows the channel number which you select manually or the NBG-418N v2
automatically scans and selects.
- Operating Channel This shows the channel number which the NBG-418N v2 is currently using over the
wireless LAN.
- Security Mode This shows the level of wireless security the NBG-418N v2 is using.
- 802.11 Mode This shows the wireless standard.
- WPS This displays Configured when the WPS has been set up.
This displays Unconfigured if the WPS has not been set up.
Click the status to display Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen.
IPv6
Network Status This field displays the IPv6 network connection status.
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4.2.1.1 Summary: Client Table
Click the Client Table (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. The client table shows current client
information (including IP Address, Host Name and MAC Address) of all network clients connected to the
NBG-418N v2.
Figure 22 Summary: Client Table
Connection Type This field displays the IPv6 connection type that is currently in use.
WAN Address This field displays the current WAN IPv6 address of the NBG-418N v2.
Default Gateway This field displays the IPV6’s gateway address of the NBG-418N v2.
Primary DNS This field displays the IPV6’s primary DNS server’s address of the NBG-418N v2.
Secondary DNS This field displays the IPV6’s secondary DNS server’s address of the NBG-418N v2.
DHCP-PD This field displays the status of the IPv6 DHCP’s Prefix Delegation.
DHCP-PD Prefix This field displays the delegated IPv6 DHCP’s Prefixes.
Link-Local Address This field displays the link-local IP address of the NBG-418N v2 LAN port. A link-local
address is similar to a “private IP address” in IPv4. You can have the same link-local
address on multiple interfaces on a device.
LAN Address This field displays the IPv6 LAN’s IP address.
System Status
Operation Mode This field shows the device operation mode: Router, Access Point, Universal
Repeater or Client Bridge.
System Up Time This is the total time the NBG-418N v2 has been on.
Current Date/Time This field displays your NBG-418N v2’s present date and time.
System Setting
- Firewall This shows whether the firewall is active or not.
- UPnP This shows whether UPnP is active or not.
Summary
Client Table Use this screen to view current client information. Click “Details...” to see the
screen.
Packet Statistics Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Click “Details...” to
see the screen.
Table 8 Web Configurator Status Screen (Router Mode) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
4.2.1.2 Summary: Packet Statistics
Click the Packet Statistics (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. Read-only information here includes
port status, packet specific statistics and the "system up time". The Poll Interval(s) field is configurable
and is used for refreshing the screen.
Figure 23 Summary: Packet Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 Summary: Client Table
LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the index number of the host computer.
IP Address This field displays the IPv4 address relative to the # field listed above.
Host Name This field displays the computer host name.
MAC Address This field shows the MAC address of the computer with the name in the Host Name field.
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address which uniquely
identifies a device. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of
hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
Interface This field shows the NBG-418N v2’s interface to which the client is connected.
IPv6 DHCP Table
# This is the index number of the IPv6 client table.
IPv6 Address This field displays the IPv6 address of the host computer.
Host Name This field displays the computer host name.
Refresh Click Refresh to renew the screen.
Table 10 Summary: Packet Statistics
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the NBG-418N v2’s port type.
RxPkts This is the number of received packets on this port.
Rx err This is the number of received packets with errors on this port.
Rx drop This is the number of received packets that were dropped on this port.
Txpkts This is the number of transmitted packets on this port.
Tx err This is the number of transmitted packets with errors on this port.
Tx drop This is the number of transmitted packets that were dropped on this port.
System Up Time This is the total time the NBG-418N v2 has been on.
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4.2.2 Router Mode Navigation Panel
Use the menu in the navigation panel menus to configure NBG-418N v2 features in Router Mode.
Figure 24 Menus: Router Mode
The following table describes the sub-menus.
Poll Interval(s) Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field.
Set Interval Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Poll Interval(s) field.
Stop Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
Table 10 Summary: Packet Statistics (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 11 Menus: Router Mode
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Network
Wireless
LAN General Use this screen to configure wireless LAN.
MAC Filter Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG-418N v2 to block access to
devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG-418N v2.
Advanced This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings.
WPS Use this screen to configure WPS.
WPS Station Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS.
Scheduling Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled.
MBSSID Use this screen to configure multiple SSIDs on the NBG-418N v2.
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WAN Internet
Connection
This screen allows you to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address
assignment, DNS servers and the WAN MAC address.
Advanced Use this screen to configure multicast WAN and auto IP setup.
IPv6 Use this screen to set the IPv6 WAN connection type, and LAN/WAN IPv6
address settings.
LAN IP Use this screen to configure LAN IPv4 address and subnet mask.
DHCP
Server General Use this screen to enable the NBG-418N v2’s DHCP server.
Advanced Use this screen to assign IP addresses to specific individual computers based
on their MAC addresses and to have DNS servers assigned by the DHCP server.
Client List Use this screen to view current DHCP client information and to always assign
an IP address to a MAC address (and host name).
NAT General Use this screen to enable NAT.
Application Use this screen to configure servers behind the NBG-418N v2.
Port Triggering Use this screen to configure port triggering settings on the NBG-418N v2.
DDNS General Use this screen to configure Dynamic DNS, a service that allows you to map a
fixed domain name to a non-fixed IP address.
Static Route IP Static Route Use this screen to configure IP static routes.
Security
Firewall General Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall.
Services Use this screen to enable or disable ICMP and VPN passthrough features.
Content
Filter Filter Use this screen to configure content filter settings on the NBG-418N v2.
Management
Remote
MGMT WWW Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP
address(es) users can use HTTP to manage the NBG-418N v2.
UPnP General Use this screen to enable UPnP on the NBG-418N v2.
Bandwidth
MGMT General Use this screen to enable bandwidth management on the NBG-418N v2.
Advanced Use this screen to set the upstream bandwidth and edit a bandwidth
management rule.
Maintenance
System General Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system and
domain names, password and inactivity timer.
Time Setting Use this screen to change your NBG-418N v2’s time and date.
Logs View Log Use this screen to view the logs for the categories that you selected.
Tools Firmware Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG-418N v2.
Configuration Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or reset the factory
defaults to your NBG-418N v2.
Restart This screen allows you to reboot the NBG-418N v2 without turning the power
off.
Sys OP
Mode General This screen allows you to select the device operating mode.
Language Language This screen allows you to select the language you prefer.
Table 11 Menus: Router Mode (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
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4.3 Setting your NBG-418N v2 to AP Mode
1Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-418N v2.
2The default LAN IP address of the NBG-418N v2 is 192.168.1.1 in router mode and 192.168.1.2 by default in
non-router mode.
3After you’ve set your computer’s IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and type the
IP address of the NBG-418N v2 as the web address in your web browser.
4Log into the Web Configurator. See the Chapter 2 on page 16 for instructions on how to do this.
5Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General and select Access Point.
6A pop-up window appears providing information on this mode. Click OK in the pop-up message
window. Click Apply. Your NBG-418N v2 is now in AP Mode.
Note: Wait while the NBG-418N v2 restarts, then log in to the Web Configurator again.
4.3.1 Status Screen (AP Mode)
Click on Status. The screen below shows the status screen in AP Mode.
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Figure 25 Status Screen (AP Mode)
The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen.
Table 12 Status Screen (AP Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Device Information
System Name This is the System Name you enter in the Maintenance > System > General screen. It is for
identification purposes.
Firmware Version This is the current firmware version of the NBG-418N v2.
LAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
- DHCP Server This shows the LAN port’s DHCP server status.
WLAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- Status This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN - On, Off, or Off by scheduler .
- Name (SSID) This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG-418N v2 in the wireless LAN.
- Channel This shows the channel number which you select manually or the NBG-418N v2
automatically scans and selects.
- Operating Channel This shows the channel number which the NBG-418N v2 is currently using over the
wireless LAN.
- Security Mode This shows the level of wireless security the NBG-418N v2 is using.
- 802.11 Mode This shows the IEEE 802.11 standard that the NBG-418N v2 supports. Wireless clients must
support the same standard in order to be able to connect to the NBG-418N v2
- WPS This shows the WPS (WiFi Protected Setup) Status. Click the status to display Network >
Wireless LAN > WPS screen.
System Status
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4.3.2 AP Navigation Panel
Use the menu in the navigation panel to configure NBG-418N v2 features in AP Mode.
The following screen and table show the features you can configure in AP Mode.
Figure 26 Menu: AP Mode
The following table describes the sub-menus.
Operation Mode This field shows the device operatiing mode: Router, Access P oint , Universal Repeater or
Client Bridge.
System Up Time This is the total time the NBG-418N v2 has been on.
Current Date/Time This field displays your NBG-418N v2’s present date and time.
Summary
Client Table Use this screen to view current client information. Click “Details...” to see the screen.
Packet Statistics Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Click “Details...” to see
the screen.
Table 12 Status Screen (AP Mode) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 13 Menu: AP Mode
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Network
Wireless LAN General Use this screen to configure wireless LAN.
MAC Filter Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG-418N v2 to block access to
devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG-418N v2.
Advanced This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings.
WPS Use this screen to configure WPS.
WPS Station Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS.
Scheduling Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled.
MBSSID Use this screen to configure multiple SSIDs on the NBG-418N v2.
LAN IP Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet mask.
Maintenance
System General Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system
and domain names, password and inactivity timer.
Time Setting Use this screen to change your NBG-418N v2’s time and date.
Logs View Log Use this screen to view the logs for the categories that you selected.
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4.4 Setting your NBG-418N v2 to Universal Repeater Mode
1Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-418N v2.
2The default LAN IP address of the NBG-418N v2 is 192.168.1.1 in router mode and 192.168.1.2 by default in
non-router mode.
3After you’ve set your computer’s IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and type the
IP address of the NBG-418N v2 as the web address in your web browser.
4Log into the Web Configurator. See the Chapter 2 on page 16 for instructions on how to do this.
5Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General and select Universal Repeater.
6A pop-up window appears providing information on this mode. Click OK in the pop-up message
window. Click Apply. Your NBG-418N v2 is now in Universal Repeater mode.
Note: Wait while the NBG-418N v2 restarts, then log in to the Web Configurator again.
4.4.1 Status Screen (Universal Repeater Mode)
Click on Status. The screen below shows the status screen in Universal Repeater mode.
Tools Firmware Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG-418N v2.
Configuration Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or reset the factory
defaults to your NBG-418N v2.
Restart This screen allows you to reboot the NBG-418N v2 without turning the power
off.
Sys OP Mode General This screen allows you to select the device operating mode: Router, Access
Point, Universal Repeater or Client Bridge.
Language Language This screen allows you to select the language you prefer.
Table 13 Menu: AP Mode (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
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Figure 27 Status Screen (Universal Repeater Mode)
The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen.
Table 14 Status Screen (Universal Repeater Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Device Information
System Name This is the System Name you enter in the Maintenance > System > General screen.
It is for identification purposes.
Firmware Version This is the current firmware version of the NBG-418N v2.
LAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
- DHCP Server This shows the LAN port’s DHCP server.
WLAN AP Information
- MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- Status This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN - On, Off, or Off by scheduler.
- Name (SSID) This shows a descriptive SSID name used to identify the NBG-418N v2 in the wireless
LAN.
- Channel This shows the channel number which you select manually or the NBG-418N v2
automatically scans and selects.
- Operating Channel This shows the channel number which the NBG-418N v2 is currently using over the
wireless LAN.
- Security Mode This shows the level of wireless security the NBG-418N v2 is using.
- 802.11 Mode This shows the IEEE 802.11 standard that the NBG-418N v2 supports. Wireless clients
must support the same standard in order to be able to connect to the NBG-418N
v2
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4.4.2 Universal Repeater Navigation Panel
Use the menu in the navigation panel to configure NBG-418N v2 features in Universal Repeater Mode.
The following screen and table show the features you can configure in Universal Repeater Mode.
Figure 28 Menu: Universal Repeater Mode
The following table describes the sub-menus.
- WPS This shows the WPS (WiFi Protected Setup) Status. Click the link to display Network >
Wireless LAN > WPS screen.
WLAN STA Information
- SSID This is the name of the selected AP that the NBG-418N v2 is associating with.
- Security Mode This shows the wireless security the NBG-418N v2 is using to connect to the AP.
- Connection Status This shows whether the NBG-418N v2 is currently associated with the selected AP.
System Status
Operation Mode This field shows the device operating mode: Router, Access Point, Universal
Repeater or Client Bridge.
System Up Time This is the total time the NBG-418N v2 has been on.
Current Date/Time This field displays your NBG-418N v2’s present date and time.
Summary
Client table Use this screen to view current client information. Click “Details...” to see the
screen.
Packet Statistics Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics. Click “Details...” to
see the screen.
Message Use this screen to view the status of the NBG-418N v2.
Table 14 Status Screen (Universal Repeater Mode) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 15 Menu: Universal Repeater Mode
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Status This screen shows the NBG-418N v2’s general device, system and interface
status information. Use this screen to access the wizard, and summary
statistics tables.
Network
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4.5 Setting your NBG-418N v2 to Client Bridge Mode
1Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-418N v2.
2The default LAN IP address of the NBG-418N v2 is 192.168.1.1 in router mode and 192.168.1.2 by default in
non-router mode.
3After you’ve set your computer’s IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and type the
IP address of the NBG-418N v2 as the web address in your web browser.
4Log into the Web Configurator. See the Chapter 2 on page 16 for instructions on how to do this.
5Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General and select Client Bridge.
WLAN AP Select Use this screen to choose an access point that you want the NBG-418N v2 to
connect to. You should know the security settings of the target AP.
General Use this screen to configure wireless LAN.
MAC Filter Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG-418N v2 to block access to
devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG-418N v2.
Advanced This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings.
WPS Use this screen to configure WPS.
WPS Station Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS.
Scheduling Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled.
MBSSID Use this screen to configure multiple SSIDs on the NBG-418N v2.
LAN IP Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet mask.
Maintenance
System General Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system
and domain names, password and inactivity timer.
Time Setting Use this screen to change your NBG-418N v2’s time and date.
Logs View Log Use this screen to view the logs for the categories that you selected.
Tools Firmware Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG-418N v2.
Configuration Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or reset the factory
defaults to your NBG-418N v2.
Restart This screen allows you to reboot the NBG-418N v2 without turning the power
off.
Sys OP Mode General This screen allows you to select the device operating mode: Router, Access
Point, Universal Repeater or Client Bridge.
Language Language This screen allows you to select the language you prefer.
Table 15 Menu: Universal Repeater Mode (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
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6A pop-up window appears providing information on this mode. Click OK in the pop-up message
window. Click Apply. Your NBG-418N v2 is now in Client Bridge mode.
Note: Wait while the NBG-418N v2 restarts, then log in to the Web Configurator again.
4.5.1 Status Screen (Client Bridge Mode)
Click on Status. The screen below shows the status screen in Client Bridge mode.
Figure 29 Status Screen (Client Bridge Mode)
The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen.
Table 16 Status Screen (Client Bridge Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Device Information
System Name This is the System Name you enter in the Maintenance > System > General screen.
It is for identification purposes.
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4.5.2 Universal Repeater Navigation Panel
Use the menu in the navigation panel to configure NBG-418N v2 features in Client Bridge Mode.
The following screen and table show the features you can configure in Client Bridge Mode.
Figure 30 Menu: Client Bridge Mode
Firmware Version This is the current firmware version of the NBG-418N v2.
LAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
- DHCP Server This shows the status of the LAN port’s DHCP server.
WLAN STA Information
- SSID This is the name of the selected AP that the NBG-418N v2 is associating with.
- Security Mode This shows the wireless security the NBG-418N v2 is using to connect to the AP.
- Connection Status This shows whether the NBG-418N v2 is currently associated with the selected AP.
System Status
Operation Mode This field shows the device operating mode: Router, Access Point, Universal
Repeater or Client Bridge.
System Up Time This is the total time the NBG-418N v2 has been on.
Current Date/Time This field displays your NBG-418N v2’s present date and time.
Summary
Client Table Use this screen to view information of the client that is currently connected to the
NBG-418N v2’s Ethernet LAN port.
Packet Statistics Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics.
Table 16 Status Screen (Client Bridge Mode) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the sub-menus.
Table 17 Menu: Client Bridge Mode
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Status This screen shows the NBG-418N v2’s general device, system and interface
status information. Use this screen to access the wizard, and summary
statistics tables.
Network
AP Select AP Select Use this screen to choose an access point that you want the NBG-418N v2 to
connect to. You should know the security settings of the target AP.
WLAN
Information
Use this screen to view the SSID and security mode of the AP to which the
NBG-418N v2 is connecting.
Advanced This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings.
LAN IP Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet mask.
Maintenance
System General Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system
and domain names, password and inactivity timer.
Time Setting Use this screen to change your NBG-418N v2’s time and date.
Logs View Log Use this screen to view the logs for the categories that you selected.
Tools Firmware Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG-418N v2.
Configuration Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or reset the factory
defaults to your NBG-418N v2.
Restart This screen allows you to reboot the NBG-418N v2 without turning the power
off.
Sys OP Mode General This screen allows you to select the device operating mode: Router, Access
Point, Universal Repeater or Client Bridge.
Language Language This screen allows you to select the language you prefer.
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CHAPTER 5
Tutorials
5.1 Overview
This chapter provides tutorials for your NBG-418N v2 as follows:
•How to Connect to the Internet from an AP
•Configure Wireless Security Using WPS on both your NBG-418N v2 and Wireless Client
•Enable and Configure Wireless Security without WPS on your NBG-418N v2
•Using Multiple SSIDs on the NBG-418N v2
•Using Bandwidth Management on the NBG-418N v2
5.2 How to Connect to the Internet from an AP
This section gives you an example of how to set up an access point (AP) and wireless client (a notebook,
B in this example) for wireless communication. B can access the Internet through the AP wirelessly.
Figure 31 Wireless AP Connection to the Internet
5.3 Configure Wireless Security Using WPS on both your
NBG-418N v2 and Wireless Client
This section gives you an example of how to set up wireless network using WPS. This example uses the
NBG-418N v2 as the AP and NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to a notebook.
Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB adapter or
PCI card).
There are two WPS methods for creating a secure connection. This tutorial shows you how to do both.
•Push Button Configuration (PBC) - create a secure wireless network simply by pressing a button. See
Section 5.3.1 on page 47.This is the easier method.
AP
B
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•PIN Configuration - create a secure wireless network simply by entering a wireless client's PIN (Personal
Identification Number) in the NBG-418N v2’s interface. See Section 5.3.2 on page 48. This is the more
secure method, since one device can authenticate the other.
5.3.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC)
1Make sure that your NBG-418N v2 is turned on and that it is within range of your computer.
2Make sure that you have installed the wireless client (this example uses the NWD210N) driver and utility in
your notebook.
3In the wireless client utility, find the WPS settings. Enable WPS and press the WPS button (Start or WPS
button)
4Log into NBG-418N v2’s Web Configurator and press Push Button in the Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
Station screen.
Note: Your NBG-418N v2 has a WPS/RESET button located on its back panel, as well as a WPS
button in its configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function; you can
use one or the other.
Note: It doesn’t matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second button within
two minutes of pressing the first one.
The NBG-418N v2 sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two
minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the NBG-418N v2 securely.
The following figure shows you an example to set up wireless network and security by pressing a button
on both NBG-418N v2 and wireless client (the NWD210N in this example).
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Figure 32 Example WPS Process: PBC Method
5.3.2 PIN Co nfiguration
When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both NBG-418N v2’s configuration
interface and the client’s utilities.
1Launch your wireless client’s configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the PIN method to
get a PIN number.
2Enter the PIN number to the PIN field in the Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station screen on the NBG-
418N v2.
3Click the Start buttons (or button next to the PIN field) on both the wireless client utility screen and the
NBG-418N v2’s WPS Station screen within two minutes.
The NBG-418N v2 authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to the
wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the
NBG-418N v2 securely.
The following figure shows you the example to set up wireless network and security on NBG-418N v2 and
wireless client (ex. NWD210N in this example) by using PIN method.
Wireless Client NBG-418N v2
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
WITHIN 2 MINUTES WPS/Reset
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Figure 33 Example WPS Process: PIN Method
Authentication by PIN
SECURITY INFO
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Wireless Client
NBG-418N v2
COMMUNICATION
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5.4 Enable and Configure Wireless Security without WPS
on your NBG-418N v2
This example shows you how to configure wireless security settings with the following parameters on your
NBG-418N v2.
Follow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your NBG-418N v2.
The instructions require that your hardware is connected (see the Quick Start Guide) and you are
logged into the Web Configurator through your LAN connection (see Section 2.2 on page 16).
1Open the Wireless LAN > General screen in the NBG-418N v2’s Web Configurator.
2Make sure the Enable Wireless LAN check box is selected.
3Enter SSID_Example3 as the SSID and select a channel.
4Set security mode to WPA-PSK(AES) and enter ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey in the Pre-Shared Key
field. Click Apply.
Figure 34 Tutorial: Network > Wireless LAN > General
5Open the Status screen. Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under Device Information and
check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface Status.
SSID SSID_Example3
Channel 6
Security WPA-PSK
(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey)
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Figure 35 Tutorial: Status Screen
5.4.1 Configure Your Wireless Client
Note: We use the Zyxel M-302 wireless adapter utility screens as an example for the wireless
client. The screens may vary for different models.
1The NBG-418N v2 supports IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n wireless clients. Make sure that
your notebook or computer’s wireless adapter supports one of these standards.
2Wireless adapters come with software sometimes called a “utility” that you install on your computer. See
your wireless adapter’s User’s Guide for information on how to do that.
3After you’ve installed the utility, open it. If you cannot see your utility’s icon on your screen, go to Start >
Programs and click on your utility in the list of programs that appears. The utility displays a list of APs
within range, as shown in the example screen below.
4Select SSID_Example3 and click Connect.
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Figure 36 Connecting a Wireless Client to a Wireless Network t
5Select WPA2-PSK and type the security key in the following screen. Click Next.
Figure 37 Security Settings
6The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to continue.
Figure 38 Confirm Save
7Check the status of your wireless connection in the screen below. If your wireless connection is weak or
you have no connection, see the Troubleshooting section of this User’s Guide.
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Figure 39 Link Status
If your connection is successful, open your Internet browser and enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL
of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your wireless connection
is successfully configured.
5.5 Using Multiple SSIDs on the NBG-418N v2
You can configure more than one SSID on a NBG-418N v2. See Section 6.10 on page 72.
This allows you to configure multiple independent wireless networks on the NBG-418N v2 as if there were
multiple APs (virtual APs). Each virtual AP has its own SSID, and wireless security type. That is, each SSID on
the NBG-418N v2 represents a different access point/wireless network to wireless clients in the network.
Clients can associate only with the SSIDs for which they have the correct security settings. Clients using
different SSIDs can access the Internet and the wired network behind the NBG-418N v2 (such as a
printer).
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For example, you may set up three wireless networks (A, B and C) in your office. A is for workers, B is for
guests and C is specific to a VoIP device in the meeting room.
5.5.1 Configuring Security Settings of Multiple SSIDs
The NBG-418N v2 is in router mode by default.
This example shows you how to configure the SSIDs with the following parameters on your NBG-418N v2
(in router mode).
1Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-418N v2 using an Ethernet cable.
2The default IP address of the NBG-418N v2 in router mode is “192.168.1.1”. In this case, your computer
must have an IP address in the range between “192.168.1.2” and “192.168.1.254”.
3Click Start > Run on your computer in Windows. Type “cmd” in the dialog box. Enter “ipconfig” to show
your computer’s IP address. If your computer’s IP address is not in the correct range then see Appendix
D on page 178 for information on changing your computer’s IP address.
4After you’ve set your computer’s IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and type
“http://192.168.1.1” as the web address in your web browser.
5Enter “1234” (default) as the password and click Login.
6Type a new password and retype it to confirm, then click Apply. Otherwise, click Ignore.
A
B
C
SSID_Guest
SSID_Workers
SSID_VoIP
SSID SECURITY TYPE KEY
SSID_Workers WPA2-PSK
WPA Compatible
DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork
SSID_VoIP WPA-PSK VoIPOnly12345678
SSID_Guest WPA-PSK keyexample123
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7A window appears asking you to select Wizard or Advance mode. Click Go to Advanced Setup in the
navigation panel.
8Go to Network > Wireless LAN > MBSSID. Type SSID_Workers in the Name (SSID) field, select WPA2-
PSK(AES) in the Security drop-down list, enter the pre-share key and click Apply.
9Go to Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced and click enable Intra-BSS Traffic to allow wireless clients in
the same wireless network to communicate with each other. Click Apply.
10 To create the SSID_VoIP, go to Network > Wireless LAN > MBSSID. click the radio button next to scheme 2
and Type SSID_Voip in the Name (SSID) field, select WPA-PSK in the Security drop-down list, enter the pre-
share key and click Apply.
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11 To create the SSID_Guest, go to Network > Wireless LAN > MBSSID. click the radio button next to scheme
3 and Type SSID_Guest in the Name (SSID) field, click Enable Wireless Isolation if you do not want the
SSID_Guest wireless clients to communicate with each other. select WPA-PSK in the Security drop-down
list, enter the pre-share key and click Apply.
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5.6 Installing UPnP in Windows 7 Example
For more information on how to install Universal Plug and Play in Windows on your computer, see Section
16.4 on page 126
5.7 Using Bandwidth Management on the NBG-418N v2
Bandwidth management provides a convenient way to manage the use of various services on the
network. It manages general protocols (for example, HTTP and FTP) and applies traffic prioritization to
enhance the performance of delay-sensitive applications like voice and video.
In the figure below, uplink traffic goes from the LAN device (A) to the WAN device (B). Bandwidth
management is applied before sending the packets out to the WAN. Downlink traffic comes back from
the WAN device (B) to the LAN device (A). Bandwidth management is applied before sending the
traffic out to LAN.
Figure 40 Bandwidth Management Example
You can allocate specific amounts of bandwidth capacity (bandwidth budgets) to individual
applications (like VoIP, Web, FTP, and E-mail for example).
This example shows you how to configure the Bandwidth Management with the following parameters
on your NBG-418N v2 (in router mode).
QoS Rule
1Go to Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Bandwidth MGMT and click Enable Bandwidth Management
check box.
UP Stream 819200 kpbs
Down Stream 819200 kbps
Source IP 192.168.1.10
Up Ceiling 150000 kb/s
Down Ceiling 600000 kb/s
AB
-> VoIP
-> FTP
-> HTTP
-> Chat, E-QoSmail
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2Go to Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced and enter 819200 in the Total Up Stream and Down
Stream Bandwidth fields in the QoS Setup section. It is recommended to set this number to match the
actual upstream data rate. Click Apply or Reset to clear the fields.
3Then, Click Add in the QoS Rules section and several box fields appears. Enter 192.168.1.10 in the Source
IP field, 192.168.1.10/32 will appear in the field, the 32-bits network is IPv4 addresses block that is assigned
by your ISP. Next, enter 150000 for Up Celing field and 600000 for Down Ceiling field and click Add. Note
that the Up/Down Ceiling numbers should not exceed the Total Bandwidth. You have successfully set a
specific minimum and maximum bandwidth for this particular IP address.
4If you wish to delete a QoS Rules entry, click the Delete check box of the rule and click Delete button. To
clear the Source IP, Up/Down Ceiling box fields, click Reset button.
59
PART II
Technical Reference
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CHAPTER 6
Wireless LAN
6.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure the wireless network settings in your NBG-418N v2. See the
appendices for more detailed information about wireless networks.
The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Figure 41 Example of a Wireless Network
The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B are called
wireless clients. The wireless clients use the access point (AP) to interact with other devices (such as the
printer) or with the Internet. Your NBG-418N v2 is the AP in the above example.
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6.2 What You Can Do
Wireless screens vary according to the device mode you are using.
See Chapter 4 on page 28 for more information on device modes.
• Use the General screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security
mode (Section 6.4 on page 63).
• Use the MAC Filter screen to allow or deny wireless stations based on their MAC addresses from
connecting to the NBG-418N v2 (Section 6.5 on page 68).
• Use the Advanced screen to allow intra-BSS networking and set the RTS/CTS Threshold (Section 6.6 on
page 69).
• Use the WPS screen to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to
configure security settings manually (Section 6.7 on page 69).
• Use the WPS Station screen to add a wireless station using WPS (Section 6.8 on page 70).
• Use the Scheduling screen to set the times your wireless LAN is turned on and off (Section 6.9 on page
71).
• Use the MBSSID screen to configure multiple wireless networks on the NBG-418N v2 (Section 6.10 on
page 72).
• Use the AP Select screen to choose an access point that you want the NBG-418N v2 (in universal
repeater mode) to connect to. You should know the security settings of the target AP (Section 6.11 on
page 73).
• Use the WLAN Information screen to view the SSID and security of the selected AP wireless network
(Section 6.12 on page 74).
Wireless Screen Router Access Point Universal Repeater Client Bridge
General
MAC Filter
Advanced
WPS
WPS Station
Scheduling
MBSSID
AP Select
WLAN Information
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6.3 What You Should Know
Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.
The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity.
• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use different channels.
Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency,
to send and receive information.
• Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP.
Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the
information that is sent in the wireless network.
6.3.1 Wireless Security Overview
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless
network.
6.3.2 MBSSID
Traditionally, you need to use different APs to configure different Basic Service Sets (BSSs). As well as the
cost of buying extra APs, there is also the possibility of channel interference. The NBG-418N v2’s MBSSID
(Multiple Basic Service Set IDentifier) function allows you to use one access point to provide several BSSs
simultaneously. You can then assign varying security modes to different SSIDs.
Wireless devices can use different BSSIDs to associate with the same AP.
6.3.2.1 Notes on Multiple BSSs
• A maximum of eight BSSs are allowed on one AP simultaneously.
• You must use different keys for different BSSs. If two wireless devices have different BSSIDs (they are in
different BSSs), but have the same keys, they may hear each other’s communications (but not
communicate with each other).
• MBSSID should not replace but rather be used in conjunction with 802.1x security.
6.3.3 MAC Address Filter
Every wireless client has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is
usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
To get the MAC address for each wireless client, see the appropriate User’s Guide or other
documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the AP which wireless clients are allowed or not allowed to use
the wireless network. If a wireless client is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the
correct settings (SSID, channel, and security). If a wireless client is not allowed to use the wireless
network, it does not matter if it has the correct settings.
1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These
kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
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This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore,
there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the MAC address of an authorized wireless client. Then,
they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.
6.3.4 Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the
message.
For example, if users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, WEP, WPA-PSK,
or WPA2-PSK.
Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every wireless client in the wireless network
supports. Suppose the wireless network has two wireless clients. Device A only supports WEP, and device
B supports WEP and WPA2-PSK. Therefore, you should set up WEP in the wireless network.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA2-PSK, or stronger encryption. IEEE
802.1x and WEP encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for
unauthorized devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly.
Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the
key, the stronger the encryption. Every wireless client in the wireless network must have the same key.
6.3.5 WPS
WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance. WPS
allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security
settings manually. Depending on the devices in your network, you can either press a button (on the
device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the devices.
Then, they connect and set up a secure network by themselves. See how to set up a secure wireless
network using WPS in the Section 5.3 on page 46.
6.4 General Wireless LAN Screen
Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode.
Note: If you are configuring the NBG-418N v2 from a computer connected to the wireless LAN
and you change the NBG-418N v2’s SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your
wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the
wireless settings of your computer to match the NBG-418N v2’s new settings.
Table 18 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication
NO AUTHENTICATION
Weakest No Security
Static WEP
WPA-PSK
Strongest WPA2-PSK
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Click Network > Wireless LAN to open the General screen.
Figure 42 Network > Wireless LAN > General (Router or Access Point Mode)
Figure 43 Network > Wireless LAN > General (Universal Repeater Mode)
The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
Table 19 Network > Wireless LAN > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WLAN STA
Information
This section is available only when the NBG-418N v2 is in universal repeater mode. This shows the
wireless and security settings of the selected AP wireless network.
SSID This displays the Service Set IDentity of the wireless device to which you are connecting.
Security Mode This displays the type of security configured on the wireless device to which you are connecting.
Operating
Channel
This displays the channel used by the wireless device to which you are connecting.
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See the rest of this chapter for information on the other labels in this screen.
6.4.1 No Security
Select None to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data
encryption.
Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your NBG-418N v2, your network is
accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.
WLAN AP
Information /
Wireless Setup
Use this section to configure the wireless settings between the NBG-418N v2and its wireless clients.
Enable Wireless
LAN
Click the check box to activate wireless LAN.
802.11 Mode Click the drop-down list to choose the 802.11 mode you want to operate.
Name(SSID) (Service Set IDentity) The SSID identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is associated.
Wireless stations associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a
descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN.
Enable SSID
Broadcast
Select the Enable SSID Broadcast check box to enable the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so
a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Channel
Selection
Set the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region.
Select a channel from the drop-down list box. The options vary depending on the frequency
band and the country you are in.
Refer to the Connection Wizard chapter for more information on channels. This option is only
available if Auto Channel Selection is disabled.
Operating
Channel
This displays the channel the NBG-418N v2 is currently using.
Channel Width Select whether the NBG-418N v2 uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz, 40MHz or Auto 20/
40MHz. A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz
channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300 Mbps. Because not all
devices support 40MHz channels, select Auto 20/40MHz to allow the NBG-418N v2 to adjust the
channel bandwidth automatically.
Security Use this section to configure the wireless security between the NBG-418N v2 and its wireless
clients.
Security Mode Select WEP, WPA-PSK(TKIP), WPA-PSK(AES), WPA2-PSK(TKIP), WPA2-PSK(AES) or WPA-PSK/WPA2-
PSK AES to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to
this network must have same wireless security settings as this device. After you select to use a
security, additional options appears in this screen. See 6.4.2 and 6.4.3 sections. Or you can select
None to allow any client to associate this network without authentication.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
Table 19 Network > Wireless LAN > General (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 44 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
6.4.2 WEP Encryption
WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points to
keep network communications private. It encrypts unicast and multicast communications in a network.
Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key.
Your NBG-418N v2 allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can be
enabled at any one time.
In order to configure and enable WEP encryption; click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General
screen. Select WEP from the Security Mode list.
Figure 45 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WEP
Table 20 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Mode Choose None from the drop-down list box.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
6.4.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
Click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the
Security Mode list.
Figure 46 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 21 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WEP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Mode Choose WEP from the drop-down list box.
WEP Encryption Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption.
Authentication
Method
Select Auto or Shared Key from the drop-down list box.
This field specifies whether the wireless clients have to provide the WEP key to login to the
wireless client. Keep this setting at Auto unless you want to force a key verification before
communication between the wireless client and the NBG-418N v2 occurs. Select Shared Key
to force the clients to provide the WEP key prior to communication.
ASCII Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as WEP key.
Hex Select this option in order to enter hexadecimal characters as a WEP key.
Key 1 to Key 4 The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NBG-418N v2 and the wireless stations must
use the same WEP key for data transmission.
If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9",
"A-F").
If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9",
"A-F").
You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any one time. The
default key is key 1.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
Table 22 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Mode Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box.
Select WPA-P SK /W PA2 -P SK AES to have both WPA2 and WPA wireless clients be able to
communicate with the NBG-418N v2 even when the NBG-418N v2 is using WPA2-PSK.
Pre-Shared Key WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password for authentication.
Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters (including spaces and
symbols).
Type a pre-shared key less than 64 case-sensitive HEX characters ("0-9", "A-F").
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6.5 MAC Filter
The MAC filter screen allows you to configure the NBG-418N v2 to give exclusive access to up to 16
devices (Allow) or exclude up to 16 devices from accessing the NBG-418N v2 (Deny). Every Ethernet
device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory
and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know
the MAC address of the devices to configure this screen.
To change your NBG-418N v2’s MAC filter settings, click Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter. The screen
appears as shown.
Figure 47 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
The following table describes the labels in this menu.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
Table 22 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 23 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Click Active check box to enable MAC address filtering.
MAC Address
(White List)
This field shows the MAC addresses of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to
the NBG-418N v2 in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format,
that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
Select Click the Select radio button to select a MAC filter entry.
Delete Click the Delete button to delete the selected MAC filter entry.
Delete All Click the Delete All button to remove all MAC filter entries.
MAC Address Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to the NBG-
418N v2 in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six
hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
Add Click Add to add a new MAC address to the MAC Filtering rule.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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6.6 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen
Use this screen to allow intra-BSS networking and set the RTS/CTS Threshold.
Click Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 48 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
6.7 WPS Screen
Use this screen to enable/disable WPS, view or generate a new PIN number and check current WPS
status. To open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN > WPS tab.
Table 24 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Advanced Setup
Tx Power This field controls the transmission power of the NBG-418N v2. If there is a high density of APs in
an area, decrease the output power of the NBG-418N v2 to reduce interference with other
APs.
Enable Intra-BSS
Traffic
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between
a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless
client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-
BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot
communicate with each other.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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Figure 49 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
6.8 WPS Station Screen
Use this screen when you want to add a wireless station using WPS. To open this screen, click Network >
Wireless LAN > WPS Station tab.
Note: Note: After you click Push Button on this screen, you have to press a similar button in the
wireless station utility within 2 minutes. To add the second wireless station, you have to
press these buttons on both device and the wireless station again after the first 2
minutes.
Table 25 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WPS Setup
Enable WPS Click the Enable WPS check box to enable the WPS feature. Click again to disable it.
PIN Number This displays a PIN number last time system generated. Click Generate to generate a new PIN
number.
WPS Status
Status This displays Configured when the NBG-418N v2 has connected to a wireless network using
WPS or when Enable WPS is selected and wireless or wireless security settings have been
changed. The current wireless and wireless security settings also appear in the screen.
This displays Unconfigured if WPS is disabled and there are no wireless or wireless security
changes on the NBG-418N v2 or you click Release_Configuration to remove the configured
wireless and wireless security settings.
Release
Configuration
This button is only available when the WPS status displays Configured.
Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS
connections on the NBG-418N v2.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Refresh Click Refresh to get this screen information afresh.
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Figure 50 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
6.9 Scheduling Screen
Use this screen to set the times your wireless LAN is turned on and off. Wireless LAN scheduling is disabled
by default. The wireless LAN can be scheduled to turn on or off on certain days and at certain times. To
open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling tab.
Figure 51 Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling
Table 26 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Push Button Use this button when you use the PBC (Push Button Configuration) method to configure
wireless stations’s wireless settings. See Section 5.3.1 on page 47.
Click this to start WPS-aware wireless station scanning and the wireless security information
synchronization.
Or input station’s
PIN number
Use this button when you use the PIN Configuration method to configure wireless station’s
wireless settings. See Section 5.3.2 on page 48.
Type the same PIN number generated in the wireless station’s utility. Then click Start to
associate to each other and perform the wireless security information synchronization.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
6.10 MBSSID Screen
Use this screen to enable and set multiple SSIDs (MBSSID) on the NBG-418N v2. You can then assign
varying security types to different SSIDs. Wireless clients can use different SSIDs to associate with the NBG-
418N v2. Click Network > Wireless LAN > MBSSID to open the following screen.
Figure 52 Network > Wireless LAN > MBSSID
Table 27 Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Wireless
LAN Scheduling
Select this to enable Wireless LAN scheduling.
Action Select On or Off to specify whether the Wireless LAN is turned on or off. This field works in
conjunction with the Day and Except for the following times fields.
Day Select Everyday or the specific days to turn the Wireless LAN on or off. If you select Everyday
you can not select any specific days. This field works in conjunction with the Except for the
following times field.
Except for the
following times
Select a begin time using the first set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes and select an
end time using the second set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes. If you have chosen
On earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn off between the two times you enter in
these fields. If you have chosen Off earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn on
between the two times you enter in these fields.
Note: Entering the same begin time and end time will mean the whole day.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
6.11 AP Select Screen
Use this screen to choose an access point that you want the NBG-418N v2 in universal repeater mode)
to connect to. You should know the security settings of the target AP.
To open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN > AP Select tab.
Table 28 Network > Wireless LAN > MBSSID
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Network Profiles
Select Click the Select radio button to select the Multiple Basic Service Set Identifier (MBSSID) you
wish to edit.
Scheme This field displays the index number of the SSID.
SSID This field displays the SSID name of the Wireless client.
Security This field displays the Security mode of the wireless client. If there’s no security, it will display
None.
Status This field displays whether the Enable Guest Network check box of the SSID is enabled.
SSID Broadcast This field displays whether the Enable SSID Broadcast check box of the SSID is enabled.
Wireless Settings--Profile 1
Enable Guest
Network
Click the Enable Guest Network check box to enable this SSID.
Enable SSID
Broadcast
Click the Enable SSID Broadcast check box to activate the SSID broadcast to different wireless
clients.
Allow Guest to
access My Local
Network
Click the Allow Guest to access my Local Network check box to allow the client to access the
local network resources behind the NBG-418N v2.
Enable Wireless
Isolation
Click the Enable Wireless Isolation check box to keep the wireless clients in this SSID from
communicating with each other through the NBG-418N v2.
Name (SSID) This field displays the SSID name you selected using the select radio button.
Security Options--Profile1
Security Mode Select WEP or WPA-PSK(TKIP), WPA2-PSK(AES) or WP A-PSK/WPA2-PSK AES to add security on
this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have
same wireless security settings as the Device. When you select to use a security, additional
options appears in this screen.
Or you can select None to allow any client to associate this network without any data
encryption or authentication.
See Section 6.4 on page 63 for more details about this field.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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Figure 53 Network > Wireless LAN > AP Select
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
6.12 WLAN Information Screen
Use this screen to view the SSID and security of the selected AP wireless network when the NBG-418N v2
is in client bridge mode. To open this screen, click Network > AP Select > WLAN Info tab.
Table 29 Network > Wireless LAN > AP Select
LABEL DESCRIPTION
AP Select
First Click First button to go to the first page of the AP select table.
Previous Click Previous button to go to the Previous page in the AP select table.
Next Click Next button to go to the next page in the AP select table.
Last Click Last button to go to the last page of the AP select table.
Select Use the radio button to select the wireless device to which you want to connect.
SSID This displays the Service Set IDentity of the wireless device. The SSID is a unique name that
identifies a wireless network. All devices in a wireless network must use the same SSID.
MAC This displays the MAC address of the wireless device.
Channel This displays the channel number used by this wireless device.
Mode This displays which IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless networking standards the wireless device
supports.
Security Mode This displays the type of security configured on the wireless device. OPEN means no security is
configured and you can connect to it without a password.
Strength This displays the strength of the wireless signal. The signal strength mainly depends on the
antenna output power and the distance between your NBG-418N v2 and this device.
Refresh Click this button to search for available wireless devices within transmission range and update
this table.
Connect Click this button to associate to the selected wireless device.
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Figure 54 Network > AP Select > WLAN Information
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 30 Network > AP Select > WLAN Information
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SSID This displays the Service Set IDentity of the AP to which the NBG-418N v2 is connecting.
Security Mode This displays the type of security configured on the AP to which the NBG-418N v2 is
connecting.
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CHAPTER 7
WAN
7.1 Overview
This chapter discusses the NBG-418N v2’s WAN screens. Use these screens to configure your NBG-418N v2
for Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It
connects your private networks (such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a
computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 55 LAN and WAN
See the chapter about the connection wizard for more information on the fields in the WAN screens.
7.2 What You Need To Know
The information in this section can help you configure the screens for your WAN connection, as well as
enable/disable some advanced features of your NBG-418N v2.
7.2.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection
Encapsulation Method
Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set up
a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your ISP
(Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over
Ethernet) or PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol), they should also provide a username and password
(and service name) for user authentication.
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WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the NBG-418N v2, which makes it accessible from an outside
network. It is used by the NBG-418N v2 to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be
static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the NBG-418N v2 tries to access the Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS
server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP encapsulation
method).
DNS Server Address Assignment
Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa,
for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important
because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it.
The NBG-418N v2 can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
1The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up.
If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields.
2If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the NBG-418N v2’s WAN IP
address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP.
WAN MAC Address
The MAC address screen allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the
factory default or cloning the MAC address from a computer on your LAN. Choose Factory Default to
select the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Otherwise, click Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the
computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be
copied to configuration file. It is recommended that you clone the MAC address prior to hooking up the
WAN Port.
7.3 Internet Connection Screen
Use this screen to change your NBG-418N v2’s Internet access settings. Click Network > WAN. The screen
differs according to the connection type you choose.
7.3.1 Ethernet Encapsulation
This screen displays when you select Ethernet encapsulation.
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Figure 56 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 31 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access (Ethernet Static)
Connection Type Choose the Ethernet (Static) option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet.
IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field.
IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP Subnet Mask in this field.
Gateway IP
Address Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field.
MTU Size Type the MTU or maximum size of each data packet, in bytes, that can move through this
interface. If a larger packet arrives, the NBG-418N v2 divides it into smaller fragments. Allowed
values are 576 to 1500. By default this value is 1500
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7.3.2 PPPoE Encapsulation
The NBG-418N v2 supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC
2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable,
wireless, etc.) connection. The PPP over Ethernet option is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing
access control systems (for example Radius).
First DNS Server
Second DNS Server
Enter the first and second DNS server's IP address in the fields.
WAN MAC Address
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG-418N v2’s
MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address.
Factory default Select this option to use the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Clone the
computer's MAC
address - MAC
Address
Select this option to clone the MAC address of the computer (displaying in the screen) from
which you are configuring the NBG-418N v2. Once it is successfully configured, the address
will be copied to the rom file. It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a
different ROM file.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
ISP Parameters for Internet Access (Ethernet DHCP)
Connection Type Choose the Ethernet (DHCP) option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet.
Host Name Type the domain name that is associated with this Ethernet connection.
MTU Size Type the MTU or maximum size of each data packet, in bytes, that can move through this
interface. If a larger packet arrives, the NBG-418N v2 divides it into smaller fragments. Allowed
values are 576 to 1500. By default this value is 1500.
DNS Services
Attain DNS
Automatically
Click the Attain DNS Automatically button if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server
information (and the NBG-418N v2’s WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-
only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns.
Set DNS Manually Select Set DNS Manually if you have the IP address of a DNS server. You will need to enter the
first and secondary DNS server's IP address in the fields to the bottom.
First DNS Server
Second DNS Server
Enter the first and second DNS server's IP address in the box fields.
WAN MAC Address
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG-418N v2’s
MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address.
Factory default Select this option to use the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Clone the
computer's MAC
address - MAC
Address
Select this option to clone the MAC address of the computer (displaying in the screen) from
which you are configuring the NBG-418N v2. Once it is successfully configured, the address
will be copied to the rom file. It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a
different ROM file.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 31 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function
known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP
services for individuals.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific
configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG-418N v2 (rather than individual computers), the computers
on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the NBG-418N v2 does that part of the task.
Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.
This screen displays when you select PPPoE encapsulation.
Figure 57 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 32 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Connection Type Select PPP over Ethernet if you connect to your Internet via dial-up.
User Name Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
Password Type the password associated with the user name above.
Service Name Type the PPPoE service name provided by your ISP. PPPoE uses a service name to identify and
reach the PPPoE server.
Idle Timeout This field is available only when you select Connection on Demand.
Specify the time in minutes that elapses before the router automatically disconnects from the
PPPoE server.
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7.3.3 PPTP Encapsulation
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data from a
remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks.
PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol and virtual private networking over public networks, such as
the Internet.
MTU Size Enter the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) or the largest packet size per frame that your NBG-
418N v2 can receive and process.
Connection Type Select Continuous if you do not want the connection to time out.
Select Connection on Demand if you want to connect for a certain amount of time before the
router automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server. If you select this you will need to enter
the number of minutes in the Idle Timeout field.
Select Manual if want to make the connection manually.
Connect/
Disconnect
Click Connect button to establish the connection with above settings or Click Disconnect to
stop the connection.
DNS Servers
Attain DNS
Automatically/Set
DNS Manually
Click Attain DNS Automatically radio button if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server
information (and the NBG-418N v2’s WAN IP address). Or click Set DNS Manually if you have if
you have the IP address of a DNS server.
First DNS Server
Second DNS
Server
Enter the first and second DNS server's IP address in the box fields.
WAN MAC Address
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG-418N v2’s
MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address.
Factory default Select this option to use the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Clone the
computer's MAC
address - MAC
Address
Select this option to clone the MAC address of the computer (displaying in the screen) from
which you are configuring the NBG-418N v2. Once it is successfully configured, the address will
be copied to the rom file. It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a different
ROM file.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 32 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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This screen displays when you select PPTP encapsulation.
Figure 58 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 33 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Connection
Type
To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the User Name and Password fields for a PPP
connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection.
User Name Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
Password Type the password associated with the User Name above.
Server IP Address Type the IP address of the PPTP server.
DNS Servers
Attain DNS
Automatically/
Set DNS
Manually
Click Attain DNS Automatically radio button if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server
information (and the NBG-418N v2’s WAN IP address). Or click Set DNS Manually if you have if
you have the IP address of a DNS server.
First DNS Server
Second DNS
Server
Enter the first and second DNS server's IP address in the box fields.
WAN MAC Address
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the NBG-418N v2’s
MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC address.
Factory default Select this option to use the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Clone the
computer's MAC
address - MAC
Address
Select this option to clone the MAC address of the computer (displaying in the screen) from
which you are configuring the NBG-418N v2. Once it is successfully configured, the address will
be copied to the rom file. It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a different
ROM file.
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7.3.4 DS-Lite
Use Dual Stack Lite when local network computers use IPv4 and the ISP has an IPv6 network. The NBG-
418N v2 tunnels IPv4 packets inside IPv6 encapsulation packets to the ISP’s Address Family Transition
Router (AFTR) to connect to the IPv4 Internet. The local network can also use IPv6 services. The NBG-
418N v2 uses it’s configured IPv6 WAN IP to route IPv6 traffic to the IPv6 Internet.
This screen displays when you select DS-Lite as the Connection Type.
Figure 59 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: DS-Lite
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.4 Advanced Screen
Use this screen to set up multicast configurations. Click Network > WAN > Advanced.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 33 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 34 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: DS-Lite
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Connection
Type
Select DS-Lite to tunnel IPv4 packets inside IPv6 encapsulation packets to the ISP’s Address
Family Transition Router (AFTR) to connect to the IPv4 Internet when local network computers
use IPv4 and the ISP has an IPv6 network.
You can only set the IPv6 connection type to Static IPv6, SLAAC/DHCPv6 or PPP over Ethernet in
the Network > WAN > IPv6 screen.
DS-Lite Mode Select DS-Lite DHCPv6 to obtain the AFTR information automatically using DHCPv6.
Select Manual to configure the AFTR address manually.
AFTR Name or
Address
Enter the domain name or IPv6 address of the Address Family Transition Router (AFTR).
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Figure 60 Network > WAN > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.5 IPv6 Screen
Use this screen to configure your IPv6 settings. Click Network > WAN > IPv6.
Figure 61 Network > WAN > IPv6 (Link-local Only)
Table 35 Network > WAN > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Multicast Setup
Multicast Proxy Click the Multicast Proxy radio button to enable this function on the NBG-418N v2. This allows
an IPv6 router to discover the presence of MLD hosts who wish to receive multicast packets
and the IP address of multicast groups the hosts want to join on its network.
Multicast Snooping Click the Multicast Snooping radio button to activate it. This allows the NBG-418N v2 to
check MLD packets passing through it and learn the multicast group membership. It helps
reduce multicast traffic.
Auto IP Setup
Enable Auto-IP-
Change mode
Click Enable Auto-IP-Change mode button to have the NBG-418N v2 change its LAN IP
address to 10.0.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 accordingly when the NBG-418N v2 gets a dynamic WAN
IP address in the same subnet as the LAN IP address 192.168.1.1 or 10.0.0.1.
The NAT, DHCP server and firewall functions on the NBG-418N v2 are still available in this
mode.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Figure 62 Network > WAN > IPv6 (Static IPv6)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 36 Network > WAN > IPv6 (Link-local Only)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Connection
Type
Select Link-local only to allow NBG-418N v2 to communicate with neighboring devices on
the same link. This mode enables IPv6-capable devices to communicate with each other in
the LAN side.
LAN IPv6 Link-Local
Address
This shows the IPv6 Link-local address in the LAN side. This is used by routers when
communicating with neighboring devices on the same link. It allows IPv6-capable devices
to communicate with each other in the LAN side.i
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 37 Network > WAN > IPv6 (Static IPv6)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Connection
Type
Select Static IPv6 when your ISP provides you a set IPv6 address that does not change. You
must also enter the IPv6 address, Subnet Prefix Length, Default Gateway, Primary and
Secondary DNS Server provided by your ISP.
Wan IPv6 Address Settings
IPv6 Address Enter the IPv6 address on the WAN side in this field.
Subnet Prefix Length Enter the address prefix length to specify how many most significant bits in an IPv6 address
compose the network address.
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Default Gateway Enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same
segment as your NBG-418N v2's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to their
destinations.
IPv6 DNS Settings
Primary DNS Address Enter the first IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary DNS
Address
Enter the second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
LAN IPv6 Address Settings
LAN IPv6 Address Enter the IPv6 address for the LAN port in this field.
LAN IPv6 Link-Local
Address
This shows the IPv6 Link-local address in the LAN side. This is used by routers when
communicating with neighboring devices on the same link. It allows IPv6-capable devices
to communicate with each other in the LAN side.i
Address Autoconfiguration Settings
Enable
Autoconfiguration
Click Enable Autoconfiguration if you want the devices on your local area network to obtain
network address that are not managed by a DHCPv6 server.
Autoconfiguration
Type
Select SLAAC + Stateless DHCPv6 if you want the interface to automatically generate a link-
local address via stateless autoconfiguration.
Select Stateful(DHCPv6) when the devices connected to your LAN needs to have their TCP/
IP configuration set to DHCPv6 or obtain an IPv6 address automatically.
Router
Advertisement
Lifetime
If you select SLAAC + Stateless DHCPv6, type in the Router Advertisement Lifetime which is
the amount of time in minutes that a device may have an IPv6 address before it is required
to renew the lease.
IPv6 Address
Range(Start)
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify the range of IPv6 addresses from which the DHCPv6
server assigns to the clients. Enter the smallest value of the last block of the IPv6 addresses
which are to be allocated.
IPv6 Address
Range(End)
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify the range of IPv6 addresses from which the DHCPv6
server assigns to the clients. Enter the largest value of the last block of the IPv6 addresses
which are to be allocated.
IPv6 Address
Lifetime
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify how long (in minutes) the IPv6 addresses remain
valid.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 37 Network > WAN > IPv6 (continued)(Static IPv6)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 63 Network > WAN > IPv6 (SLAAC/DHCPv6)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 38 Network > WAN > IPv6 (SLAAC/DHCPv6)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Connection
Type
Select SLAAC/DHCPv6 when your NBG-418N v2 requests an IPv6 address from the ISP’s
server.
IPv6 DNS Settings
Obtain DNS server
address
automatically
Click the Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button to get a DNS server address
from your ISP’s server.
Use the following
DNS address
Click Use the following DNS address radio button to use a fixed DNS address.
Primary and
Secondary DNS
Address
Enter the first/second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
LAN IPv6 Address Settings
Enable DHCP-PD Click Enable DHCP-PD (DHCP-Prefix delegation) to allow NBG-418N v2 assign prefixes to
DHCP clients. The prefix is the part of the address that indicates the bits that have fixed
values or are the bits of the network identifier. Prefix is written in address/prefix-length
notation.
LAN IPv6 Address If you disable DHCP-PD, enter the IPv6 address for the LAN port in this field.
LAN IPv6 Link-Local
Address
This shows the IPv6 Link-local address in the LAN side. This is used by routers when
communicating with neighboring devices on the same link. It allows IPv6-capable devices
to communicate with each other in the LAN side.i
Address Autoconfiguration Settings
Enable
Autoconfiguration
Click Enable Autoconfiguration if you want the devices on your local area network to obtain
network address that are not managed by a DHCPv6 server.
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Autoconfiguration
Type
Select SLAAC + Stateless DHCPv6 if you want the interface to automatically generate a link-
local address via stateless autoconfiguration.
Select Stateful(DHCPv6) when the devices connected to your LAN needs to have their TCP/
IP configuration set to DHCPv6 or obtain an IPv6 address automatically.
Router
Advertisement
Lifetime
If you select SLAAC + Stateless DHCPv6, type in the Router Advertise ment Life time which is
the amount of time in minutes that a device may have an IPv6 address before it is required
to renew the lease.
IPv6 Address
Range(Start)
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify the range of IPv6 addresses from which the DHCPv6
server assigns to the clients. Enter the smallest value of the last block of the IPv6 addresses
which are to be allocated.
IPv6 Address
Range(End)
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify the range of IPv6 addresses from which the DHCPv6
server assigns to the clients. Enter the largest value of the last block of the IPv6 addresses
which are to be allocated.
IPv6 Address
Lifetime
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify how long (in minutes) the IPv6 addresses remain
valid.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 38 Network > WAN > IPv6 (continued)(SLAAC/DHCPv6)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 64 Network > WAN > IPv6 (PPPoE)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 39 Network > WAN > IPv6 (PPPoE)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Connection
Type
Select PPPoE if your ISP requires your to use a PPPoE connection to the IPv6 Internet. This
method of connection typically requires you to enter a Username and Password (provided
by your ISP) to gain access to the IPv6 Internet. You need to ensure that any PPPoE client
software on your computer is removed or disabled.
PPPoE
User Name Enter a user name (of up to 31 printable characters) for login using PPPoE connection.
Password Enter the password associated with the user name above.
Service Name Enter a service name if your ISP requires one.
MTU Size Enter the MTU or the largest packet size per frame that your NBG-418N v2 can receive and
process.
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Connection Type Select Continuous if you do not want the connection to time out.
Select Connection on Demand if you want to connect for a certain amount of time before
the router automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server. If you select this you will need to
enter the number of minutes in the Idle timeout field.
Select Manual if want to make the connection manually.
Connect/
Disconnect
Click Connect to establish PPPoE connection to the IPv6 Internet or click Disconnect to stop
the connection.
IPv6 DNS Settings
Obtain DNS Server
address
automatically
Click the Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button to get a DNS server address
from your ISP’s server.
Use the following
DNS address
Click Use the following DNS address radio button to use a fixed DNS address.
Primary/Secondary
DNS Address
Enter the first/second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Lan IPv6 Address Settings
Enable DHCP-PD Click Enable DHCP-PD (DHCP-Prefix delegation) to allow NBG-418N v2 assign prefixes to
DHCP clients.
LAN IPv6 Address Enter the IPv6 address for the LAN interface in this field.
LAN IPv6 Link-Local
Address
This shows the IPv6 Link-local address in the LAN side. This is used by NBG-418N v2 when
communicating with neighboring devices on the same link. It allows IPv6-capable devices
to communicate with each other in the LAN side.i
Address Autoconfiguration Settings
Enable
Autoconfiguration
Click Enable Autoconfiguration if you want the devices on your local area network to obtain
network address that are not managed by a DHCPv6 server.
Autoconfiguration
Type
Select SLAAC + Stateless DHCPv6 if you want the interface to automatically generate a link-
local address via stateless autoconfiguration.
Select Stateful(DHCPv6) when the devices connected to your LAN needs to have their TCP/
IP configuration set to DHCPv6 or obtain an IPv6 address automatically.
Router
Advertisement
Lifetime
If you select SLAAC + Stateless DHCPv6, type in the Router Advertisement Lifetime which is
amount of time in minutes that a device may have an IPv6 address before it is required to
renew the lease.
IPv6 Address
Range(Start)
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify the range of IPv6 addresses from which the DHCPv6
server assigns to the clients. Enter the smallest value of the last block of the IPv6 addresses
which are to be allocated.
IPv6 Address
Range(End)
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify the range of IPv6 addresses from which the DHCPv6
server assigns to the clients. Enter the largest value of the last block of the IPv6 addresses
which are to be allocated.
IPv6 Address
Lifetime
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify how long (in minutes) the IPv6 addresses remain
valid.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 39 Network > WAN > IPv6 (continued)(PPPoE)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 65 Network > WAN > IPv6 (IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnel)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 40 Network > WAN > IPv6 (IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnel)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Connection
Type
IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnel is the encapsulation of IPv6 packets in IPv4 packets so that IPv6 packets
can be sent over an IPv4 infrastructure.
IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnel Settings
Remote IPv4
Address
Enter the IPv4 IP address of the device on a remote network.
Remote IPv6
Address
Enter the IPv6 IP address of the device on a remote network.
Local IPv4 Address Enter the IPv4 IP address of the device on a local network.
Local IPv6 Address Enter the IPv6 IP address of the device on a local network.
IPv6 DNS Settings
Primary and
Secondary DNS
Address
Enter the first/second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Lan IPv6 Address Settings
LAN IPv6 Address Enter the IPv6 address for the LAN port in this field.
LAN IPv6 Link-Local
Address
This shows the IPv6 Link-local address in the LAN side. This is used by routers when
communicating with neighboring devices on the same link. It allows IPv6-capable devices
to communicate with each other in the LAN side.i
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Figure 66 Network > WAN > IPv6 (6 to 4)
Address Autoconfiguration Settings
Enable
Autoconfiguration
Click Enable Autoconfiguration if you want the devices on your local area network to obtain
network address that are not managed by a DHCPv6 server.
Autoconfiguration
Type
Select SLAAC + Stateless DHCPv6 if you want the interface to automatically generate a link-
local address via stateless autoconfiguration.
Select Stateful(DHCPv6) when the devices connected to your LAN needs to have their TCP/
IP configuration set to DHCPv6 or obtain an IPv6 address automatically.
Router
Advertisement
Lifetime
If you select SLAAC + Stateless DHCPv6, type in the Router Advertisement Lifetime which is
amount of time in minutes that a device may have an IPv6 address before it is required to
renew the lease.
IPv6 Address
Range(Start)
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify the range of IPv6 addresses from which the DHCPv6
server assigns to the clients. Enter the smallest value of the last block of the IPv6 addresses
which are to be allocated.
IPv6 Address
Range(End)
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify the range of IPv6 addresses from which the DHCPv6
server assigns to the clients. Enter the largest value of the last block of the IPv6 addresses
which are to be allocated.
IPv6 Address
Lifetime
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify how long (in minutes) the IPv6 addresses remain
valid.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 40 Network > WAN > IPv6 (IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnel)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 41 Network > WAN > IPv6 (6 to 4)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Connection
Type
6 to 4 is an IPv6 address assignment and automatic tunneling technology that used to
provide unicast IPv6 connectivity between IPv6 sites and hosts across the IPv4 Internet.
6to4 Settings
6to4 Address
6to4 Relay Type the ISP’s border relay server’s IPv6 address in this field.
IPv6 DNS Settings
Primary/Secondary
DNS Address
Enter the first/second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Lan IPv6 Address Settings
LAN IPv6 Address This field is not configurable when you set the IPv 6 Connection Type to 6to4, 6rd or Link-local
only.
LAN IPv6 Link-Local
Address
This shows the IPv6 Link-local address in the LAN side. This is used by routers when
communicating with neighboring devices on the same link. It allows IPv6-capable devices
to communicate with each other in the LAN side.i
Address Autoconfiguration Settings
Enable
Autoconfiguration
Click Enable Autoconfiguration if you want the devices on your local area network to obtain
network address that are not managed by a DHCPv6 server.
Autoconfiguration
Type
Select SLAAC + Stateless DHCPv6 if you want the interface to automatically generate a link-
local address via stateless autoconfiguration.
Select Stateful(DHCPv6) when the devices connected to your LAN needs to have their TCP/
IP configuration set to DHCPv6 or obtain an IPv6 address automatically.
Router
Advertisement
Lifetime
If you select SLAAC + Stateless DHCPv6, type in the Router Advertisement Lifetime which is
amount of time in minutes that a device may have an IPv6 address before it is required to
renew the lease.
IPv6 Address
Range(Start)
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify the range of IPv6 addresses from which the DHCPv6
server assigns to the clients. Enter the smallest value of the last block of the IPv6 addresses
which are to be allocated.
IPv6 Address
Range(End)
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify the range of IPv6 addresses from which the DHCPv6
server assigns to the clients. Enter the largest value of the last block of the IPv6 addresses
which are to be allocated.
IPv6 Address
Lifetime
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify how long (in minutes) the IPv6 addresses remain
valid.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Figure 67 Network > WAN > IPv6 (6rd)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 42 Network > WAN > IPv6 (6rd)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Connection
Type
IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6rd) is used when the local network uses IPv6 and the ISP has an
IPv4 network. When the NBG-418N v2 has a WAN IPv4 address, you can enable 6rd to
encapsulate IPv6 packets in IPv4 packets to cross the ISP’s IPv4 network.
The NBG-418N v2 generates a global IPv6 prefix from its IPv4 WAN address and tunnels IPv6
traffic to the ISP’s border relay router to connect to the native IPv6 Internet. The local
network can also use IPv4 services. The NBG-418N v2 uses its configured IPv4 WAN IP to route
IPv4 traffic to the IPv4 Internet.
6rd Settings
6rd Mode Click the 6rd DHCPv4 radio button to have your ISP generate a 6rd DHCPv4 address
automatically. Choose Manual to enter a fixed 6rd DHCPv4 address manually.
6rd IPv6 Prefix Enter an IPv6 prefix and the address prefix length for tunneling IPv6 traffic to the ISP’s Border
Relay router and connecting to the native IPv6 Internet.
IPv4 Address This shows the NBG-418N v2’s WAN IPv4 address.
Enter the IPv4 subnet mask length (1 to 32) in the Mask Length field.
6rd Relay Enter the ISP’s border relay server’s IPv4 address in this field.
IPv6 DNS Settings
Primary/Secondary
DNS Address
Enter the first/second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
LAN IPv6 Address Settings
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LAN IPv6 Address This field is not configurable when you set the IPv6 Connection Type to 6to4, 6rd or Link-local
only.
LAN IPv6 Link-Local
Address
This shows the IPv6 Link-local address in the LAN side. This is used by routers when
communicating with neighboring devices on the same link. It allows IPv6-capable devices
to communicate with each other in the LAN side.i
Address Autoconfiguration Settings
Enable
Autoconfiguration
Click Enable Autoconfiguration if you want the devices on your local area network to obtain
network address that are not managed by a DHCPv6 server.
Autoconfiguration
Type
Select SLAAC + Stateless DHCPv6 if you want the interface to automatically generate a link-
local address via stateless autoconfiguration.
Select Stateful(DHCPv6) when the devices connected to your LAN needs to have their TCP/
IP configuration set to DHCPv6 or obtain an IPv6 address automatically.
Router
Advertisement
Lifetime
If you select SLAAC + Stateless DHCPv6, type in the Router Advertisement Lifetime which is
amount of time in minutes that a device may have an IPv6 address before it is required to
renew the lease.
IPv6 Address
Range(Start)
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify the range of IPv6 addresses from which the DHCPv6
server assigns to the clients. Enter the smallest value of the last block of the IPv6 addresses
which are to be allocated.
IPv6 Address
Range(End)
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify the range of IPv6 addresses from which the DHCPv6
server assigns to the clients. Enter the largest value of the last block of the IPv6 addresses
which are to be allocated.
IPv6 Address
Lifetime
If you select Stateful (DHCPv6), specify how long (in minutes) the IPv6 addresses remain
valid.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 42 Network > WAN > IPv6 (6rd)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 8
LAN
8.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to configure LAN settings.
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are
attached. A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or floor
of a building. The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server, manage IP addresses, and
partition your physical network into logical networks.
Figure 68 LAN Setup
The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses.
8.2 What You Need To Know
The actual physical connection determines whether the NBG-418N v2 ports are LAN or WAN ports. There
are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as
shown next.
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Figure 69 LAN and WAN IP Addresses
The LAN parameters of the NBG-418N v2 are preset in the factory with the following values:
• IP address of 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
• DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33.
These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS server
address(es), read the embedded Web Configurator help regarding what fields need to be configured.
8.2.1 IP Address and Subnet Mask
Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share
one common network number.
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network
administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP
addresses and the subnet mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user
account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. The
Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use;
please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the
network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255
are reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the network number while the last number
identifies an individual computer on that network.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, for
instance, 192.168.1.1, for your NBG-418N v2, but make sure that no other device on your network is using
that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG-418N v2 will compute
the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change
the subnet mask computed by the NBG-418N v2 unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
8.2.2 DNS Server Address Assignment
Use DNS (Domain Name System) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa,
for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important
because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it.
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The NBG-418N v2 can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
1The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up.
If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in the Wizard and/or WAN
> Internet Connection screen.
2If the ISP did not give you DNS server information, leave the DNS Server fields set to 0.0.0.0 in the Wizard
screen and/or set to From ISP in the WAN > Internet Connection screen for the ISP to dynamically assign
the DNS server IP addresses.
8.2.3 IP Pool Setup
The NBG-418N v2 is pre-configured with a pool of 32 IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33 to
192.168.1.64. This configuration leaves 31 IP addresses (excluding the NBG-418N v2 itself) in the lower
range (192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.32) for other server computers, for instance, servers for mail, FTP, TFTP,
web, etc., that you may have.
8.2.4 LAN TCP/IP
The NBG-418N v2 has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems
that support DHCP client capability.
8.3 LAN IP Screen
Use this screen to change your basic LAN settings. Click Network > LAN.
Figure 70 Network > LAN > IP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 43 Network > LAN > IP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Address Type the IP address of your NBG-418N v2 in dotted decimal notation 192.168.1.1 (factory
default).
IP Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG-418N v2
will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless
you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG-418N v2.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER 9
DHCP Server
9.1 Overview
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain
TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the NBG-418N v2’s LAN as a DHCP
server or disable it. When configured as a server, the NBG-418N v2 provides the TCP/IP configuration for
the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the
computer must be manually configured.
9.2 What You Can Do
• Use the General screen to enable the DHCP server (Section 9.4 on page 99).
• Use the Static DHCP screen to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based
on their MAC Addresses (Section 9.5 on page 100).
• Use the Client List screen to view the current DHCP client information (Section 9.6 on page 101).
9.3 What You Need To Know
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned
at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. Find
out the MAC addresses of your network devices if you intend to add them to the DHCP Server > Client
List screen.
Refer to Section 8.2.1 on page 97 for information on IP Address and Subnet Mask.
Refer to the Section 8.2.2 on page 97 section for information on System DNS Servers.
9.4 General Screen
Use this screen to enable the DHCP server. Click Network > DHCP Server. The following screen displays.
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Figure 71 Network > DHCP Server > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.5 Static DHCP Screen
This screen allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their
MAC addresses. You can also use this screen to configure the DNS server information that the NBG-418N
v2 sends to the DHCP clients.
To change your NBG-418N v2’s static DHCP settings, click Network > DHCP Server > Static DHCP. The
following screen displays.
Table 44 Network > DHCP Server > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
DHCP Mode Select DHCP server from the drop-down list to have the NBG-418N v2 act as a DHCP
server. Otherwise, select None. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131
and RFC 2132) allows individual clients (computers) to obtain TCP/IP configuration at
startup from a server. Choose DHCP Server option unless your ISP instructs you to do
otherwise. Choose None to disable the NBG-418N v2 acting as a DHCP server. When
configured as a server, the NBG-418N v2 provides TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If
not, DHCP service is disabled and you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or
else the computers must be manually configured. When set as a server, fill in the following
four fields.
IP Pool Range This field specifies the range of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool for LAN.
Max Lease Time This field specifies the Maximum time interval the device can be idle before the IP address
on the LAN link is disconnected. Default is 120 minutes, maximum is 525600 minutes
DNS Sever1 Type the First DNS server IP address of the DHCP server.
DNS Sever2 Type the Second DNS server IP address of the DHCP server.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Figure 72 Network > DHCP Server > Static DHCP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.6 Client List Screen
The DHCP table shows current DHCP client information (including IP Address, Host Name and MAC
Address) of network clients using the NBG-418N v2’s DHCP servers.
Configure this screen to always assign an IP address to a MAC address (and host name). Click Network
> DHCP Server > Client List.
Note: You can also view a read-only client list by clicking the DHCP Table (Details...) hyperlink
in the Status screen.
The following screen displays.
Table 45 Network > DHCP Server > Static DHCP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Static DHCP Table
IP Address Type the LAN IP address of a computer on your LAN.
MAC Address Type the MAC address of a computer on your LAN.
Add Click Add button to add a new static DHCP entry.
Update Click Update button to modify the selected entry’s settings.
Delete Click Delete button to delete the selected static DHCP entry.
Reset Click Reset to clear the IP Address and MAC address box fields.
DHCP Static IP Table
Select Click the Select radio button to select a static DHCP entry.
IP Address This field displays the LAN IP address of a computer on your LAN.
MAC Address This field displays the MAC address of a computer on your LAN.
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Figure 73 Network > DHCP Server > Client List
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 46 Network > DHCP Server > Client List
LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the index number of the host computer.
Host Name This field displays the computer Host name.
IP Address This field displays the IP address of the computers on the LAN port.
MAC Address This field shows the MAC address of the computer with the name in the Host Name field.
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address which uniquely
identifies a device. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of
hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
Reserve Select this if you want to reserve the IP address for this specific MAC address.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Refresh Click Refresh to reload the DHCP table.
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CHAPTER 10
Network Address Translation
10.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the NBG-418N v2.
NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a
packet. For example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network is changed to
a different IP address known within another network.
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets,
NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on
other networks. It replaces the original IP source address in each packet and then forwards it to the
Internet. The NBG-418N v2 keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply
packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this.
Figure 74 NAT Example
For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator
(NAT).
Note: You must create a firewall rule in addition to setting up NAT, to allow traffic from the
WAN to be forwarded through the NBG-418N v2.
10.2 What You Can Do
• Use the General screen to enable NAT and set a default server (Section 10.3 on page 105).
A: 192.168.1.33
B: 192.168.1.34
C: 192.168.1.35
IP address
192.168.1.1
WANLAN
assigned by ISP
FTP, Telnet, SNMP
Port 80
Ports 21 to 25
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• Use the Application screen to change your NBG-418N v2’s port forwarding settings (Section 10.4 on
page 106).
• Use the Port Triggering screen to change your NBG-418N v2’s port trigger settings (Section 10.5 on
page 107).
10.2.1 What You Need To Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Inside/Outside
This denotes where a host is located relative to the NBG-418N v2, for example, the computers of your
subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts.
Global/Local
This denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for example, the local
address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the global
address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side.
Note: Inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP address
of a host used in a packet.
An inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in a packet when the packet is still in the
local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP address of the same inside host when the
packet is on the WAN side. The following table summarizes this information.
Note: NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host.
What NAT Does
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the
inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN
side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address)
back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note that the IP address
(either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.
The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In
addition, you can designate servers, for example, a web server and a telnet server, on your local
network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers, NAT offers the
additional benefit of firewall protection. With no servers defined, your NBG-418N v2 filters out all
Table 47 NAT Definitions
ITEM DESCRIPTION
Inside This refers to the host on the LAN.
Outside This refers to the host on the WAN.
Local This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the LAN.
Global This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the WAN.
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incoming inquiries, thus preventing intruders from probing your network. For more information on IP
address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).
How NAT Works
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets,
the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global Address) is
the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination address on the LAN,
and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally
unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source
address in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The NBG-418N v2 keeps track of the original
addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The
following figure illustrates this.
Figure 75 How NAT Works
10.3 General NAT Screen
Use this screen to enable NAT and set a default server. Click Network > NAT to open the General screen.
Figure 76 Network > NAT > General
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
10.4 NAT Application Screen
Use the Application screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network.
You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP
address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80
and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more
than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port
numbers.
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A service request that does
not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default is not
defined, the service request is simply discarded.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes
(such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for
servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your
location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
Port forwarding allows you to define the local servers to which the incoming services will be forwarded.
To change your NBG-418N v2’s port forwarding settings, click Network > NAT > Application. The screen
appears as shown.
Note: If you do not assign a Default Server IP address in the NAT > General screen, the NBG-
418N v2 discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in this screen or
remote management.
Refer to Appendix F on page 218 for port numbers commonly used for particular services.
Table 48 Network > NAT > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
NAT Setup
Network Address
Translation
Network Address Translation (NAT) allows the translation of an Internet protocol address used
within one network (for example a private IP address used in a local network) to a different IP
address known within another network (for example a public IP address used on the Internet).
This field displays whether the NAT is enabled or disabled.
Default Server Setup
Enable Click the Enable check box to activate the default server.
Server IP
Address In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A default server
receives packets from ports that are not specified in the Application screen.
If you do not assign a default server IP address, the NBG-418N v2 discards all packets received
for ports that are not specified in the Application screen or remote management.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Figure 77 Network > NAT > Application
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
10.5 Port Triggering Screen
To change your NBG-418N v2’s port trigger settings, click Network > NAT > Port Triggering. The screen
appears as shown.
Table 49 Network > NAT > Application
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Application Rule
Application Name Select an option from the drop-down list to choose a pre-defined service. The pre-defined
service port number(s) and protocol will display in the fields below.
User-Defined
Application Name
Type a name (of up to 31 printable characters) to identify this rule. Otherwise, select a
predefined service in the Application Name drop-down list.
Protocol Select the transport layer protocol used for the service. Choices are TCP, and UDP.
Public Port Range
Local Port Range
Type a port number(s) to be forwarded.
To specify a range of ports, enter a colon (:) between the first port and the last port, such as
10:20.
Server IP Address Type the inside IP address of the server that receives packets from the port(s) specified in the
Port field.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Application Rules Summary table.
Reset Click Reset to not save and return your new changes in the Service Nam e and Port fields to
the previous one.
Application Rules Summary
Application Name This field displays a name to identify this rule.
Protocol This field displays the transport layer protocol supported by this server.
Server IP Address This field displays the inside IP address of the server.
Local Port Range
Public Port Range
This field displays the port number(s).
State This field displays whether the rule is enabled or disabled.
Action Click the Disable icon to disable a rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete a rule.
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Note: Only one LAN computer can use a port trigger (range) at a time.
Figure 78 Network > NAT > Port Triggering
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 50 Network > NAT > Port Triggering
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Triggering Status
Nat Port Trigger Click Enable radio button to enable NAT Port Trigger or Disable to inactivate it.
Apply Click Apply button to apply the NAT Port Trigger status you choose above.
Add Application Rule
User-defined
Application Name
Type a unique name (up to 15 characters) for identification purposes. All characters are
permitted - including spaces.
Start Match
Port Enter the starting port in a range of port numbers that causes (or triggers) the NBG-418N v2 to
record the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
End Match
Port Enter the ending port in a range of port numbers that causes (or triggers) the NBG-418N v2 to
record the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Trigger
Protocol Specify the protocol (UDP, TCP or UDP/TCP) that causes (or triggers) the NBG-418N v2 to record
the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Start Related
Port Enter the starting port in a range of port numbers that a server on the WAN uses when it sends
out a particular service. The NBG-418N v2 forwards the traffic with this starting port to the client
computer on the LAN that requested the service.
End Related
Port Enter the ending port in a range of port numbers that a server on the WAN uses when it sends
out a particular service. The NBG-418N v2 forwards the traffic with this ending port to the client
computer on the LAN that requested the service.
Open Protocol Specify the protocol (UDP, TCP or UDP/TCP) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a
particular service.
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10.6 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the NBG-418N v2 features
described in this chapter.
10.6.1 NAT Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers
A port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP, that you
can make accessible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network appear
as a single machine to the outside world.
Use the Application screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network.
You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP
address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80
and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more
than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port
numbers.
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A service request that does
not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default is not
defined, the service request is simply discarded.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes
(such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for
servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your
location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
10.6.2 NAT Port Forwarding Example
Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to
another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Application Rules Summary
Service Name This field displays the name of the application rule.
Trigger Protocol This field displays the protocol that causes (or triggers) the NBG-418N v2 to record the IP
address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Direction This field displays the direction of travel of packets that match this rule.
Match Port This field displays the port(s) that causes (or triggers) the NBG-418N v2 to record the IP address
of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Open Protocol This field displays the protocol a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a particular service.
Related Port This field displays the port(s) a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a particular service.
The EMG2926-Q10A forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the client computer
on the LAN that requested the service.
Action Click Delete to remove the rule.
Table 50 Network > NAT > Port Triggering (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network
appears as a single host on the Internet.
Figure 79 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
10.6.3 Trigger Port Forwarding
Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated range of ports on the
server side. With regular port forwarding you set a forwarding port in NAT to forward a service (coming in
from the server on the WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is that
port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to use the same service on a
different LAN computer, you have to manually replace the LAN computer's IP address in the forwarding
port with another LAN computer's IP address.
Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to dynamically take turns
using the service. The NBG-418N v2 records the IP address of a LAN computer that sends traffic to the
WAN to request a service with a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the NBG-
418N v2's WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("incoming" port), the
NBG-418N v2 forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent the request. After that
computer’s connection for that service closes, another computer on the LAN can use the service in the
same manner. This way you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you want a different
LAN computer to use the application.
10.6.4 Trigger Port Forwarding Example
The following is an example of trigger port forwarding.
Figure 80 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example
Jane’s computer
Real Audio Server
Port 7070
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1Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070).
2Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the NBG-418N v2 to record Jane’s computer IP address. The
NBG-418N v2 associates Jane's computer IP address with the "incoming" port range of 6970-7170.
3The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170.
4The NBG-418N v2 forwards the traffic to Jane’s computer IP address.
5Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or times out. The NBG-
418N v2 times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram Protocol), or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
10.6.5 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports
1Trigger events only happen on data that is coming from inside the NBG-418N v2 and going to the
outside.
2If an application needs a continuous data stream, that port (range) will be tied up so that another
computer on the LAN can’t trigger it.
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CHAPTER 11
Dynamic DNS
11.1 Overview
Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS) services let you use a fixed domain name with a dynamic IP
address. Users can always use the same domain name instead of a different dynamic IP address that
changes each time to connect to the NBG-418N v2 or a server in your network.
Note: The NBG-418N v2 must have a public global IP address and you should have your
registered DDNS account information on hand.
11.2 Dynamic DNS Screen
To configure your NBG-418N v2’s DDNS, click Network > DDNS.
Figure 81 Network > DDNS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 51 Network > DDNS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Dynamic
DNS
Click the Enable Dynamic DNS check box to enable DDNS.
Service Provider Select the name of your DDNS Service provider from the drop-down list.
Host Name The Host name is the domain name that the DDNS service will map to your dynamic global IP
address. Type the host name fully qualified, for example, ‘yourhost.mydomain.net’. You can
specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (",").
User Name Type the User name that you used when you registered with the DDNS service.
Password Type the Password associated with the DDNS user name.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Dynamic DDNS Table
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Select Click the Select check box to select the DDNS entry to modify the settings.
Dynamic DNS This field displays whether the DDNS is Enabled or Disabled.
Service Provider This field displays the Service provider name of the DDNS.
Host Name This field displays the host name that is associated with the DDNS.
User Name This field displays the user name that is associated with the DDNS.
Table 51 Network > DDNS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 12
Static Route
12.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to configure static routes for your NBG-418N v2.
The NBG-418N v2 usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from computers on the LAN
to the Internet. To have the NBG-418N v2 send data to devices not reachable through the default
gateway, use static routes.
For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the NBG-418N v2’s LAN interface. The
NBG-418N v2 routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the NBG-418N v2’s default gateway (R1).
You create one static route to connect to services offered by your ISP behind router R2. You create
another static route to communicate with a separate network behind a router R3 connected to the
LAN.
Figure 82 Example of Static Routing Topology
12.2 IP Static Route Screen
Click Network > Static Route to open the Static Route screen.
WAN
R1
R2
A
R3
LAN
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Figure 83 Network > Static Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 52 Network > Static Route
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Select this to enable this rule.
Destination Enter the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network
number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in
the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID.
IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask here.
Gateway Enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same
segment as your NBG-418N v2's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to their
destinations.
Metric The metric represents the "cost of transmission". A router determines the best route for
transmission by choosing a path with the lowest "cost". The smaller the number, the lower the
"cost".
Enter the number of transmission hops (routers) that need to cross from the NBG-418N v2 to the
destination.
Add Click this to create a new rule.
Update Click this to modify the selected rule.
Delete Click this to remove the selected rule.
Delete All Click this to remove all existing rules.
#This is the number of an individual static route.
Select Click this to select a rule to change the rule settings or remove the rule.
State This field indicates whether the rule is activated or not.
Destination This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always
based on network number.
Subnet Mask This parameter specifies the IP network subnet mask of the final destination.
NextHop This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network
segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their
destinations.
Metric This is the number of transmission hops between the NBG-418N v2 and the destination.
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CHAPTER 13
Firewall
13.1 Overview
Use these screens to enable and configure the firewall that protects your NBG-418N v2 and your LAN
from unwanted or malicious traffic.
Enable the firewall to protect your LAN computers from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control
access between the LAN and WAN. By default the firewall:
• allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all of the networks.
• blocks traffic that originates on the other networks from going to the LAN.
The following figure illustrates the default firewall action. User A can initiate an IM (Instant Messaging)
session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this session is also allowed (2). However other traffic
initiated from the WAN is blocked (3 and 4).
Figure 84 Default Firewall Action
13.2 What You Can Do
• Use the General screen to enable or disable the NBG-418N v2’s firewall (Section 13.4 on page 117).
• Use the Services screen to enable or disable ICMP and VPN passthrough features (Section 13.5 on
page 118).
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13.3 What You Need To Know
The NBG-418N v2’s firewall feature physically separates the LAN and the WAN and acts as a secure
gateway for all data passing between the networks.
13.3.1 About the NBG-418N v2 Firewall
The NBG-418N v2 firewall is a stateful inspection firewall and is designed to protect against Denial of
Service attacks when activated (click the General tab under Firewall and then click the Enable Firewall
check box). The NBG-418N v2's purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely
connected to the Internet. The NBG-418N v2 can be used to prevent theft, destruction and modification
of data, as well as log events, which may be important to the security of your network.
The NBG-418N v2 is installed between the LAN and a broadband modem connecting to the Internet.
This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing between the Internet and the LAN.
The NBG-418N v2 has one Ethernet WAN port and four Ethernet LAN ports, which are used to physically
separate the network into two areas.The WAN (Wide Area Network) port attaches to the broadband
(cable or DSL) modem to the Internet.
The LAN (Local Area Network) port attaches to a network of computers, which needs security from the
outside world. These computers will have access to Internet services such as e-mail, FTP and the World
Wide Web. However, "inbound access" is not allowed (by default) unless the remote host is authorized to
use a specific service.
13.3.2 VPN Pass Through Features
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a way to securely connect two networks over the Internet. For
example a home network and one in a business office. This requires special equipment on both ends of
the connection.
The NBG-418N v2 is not one of the endpoints but it does allow traffic from those endpoints to pass
through. The NBG-418N v2 allows the following types of VPN traffic to pass through:
•IP security (IPSec)
• Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
13.4 General Firewall Screen
Use this screen to enable or disable the NBG-418N v2’s firewall, and set up firewall logs. Click Security >
Firewall to open the General screen.
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Figure 85 Security > Firewall > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
13.5 Services Screen
Use the Services screen to enable or disable ICMP and VPN passthrough features.
Click Security > Firewall > Services. The screen appears as shown next.
Figure 86 Security > Firewall > Services
Table 53 Security > Firewall > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Firewall Select this option to activate the firewall. The NBG-418N v2 performs access control and
protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated.
Enable DoS Select this option to protect against DoS attacks. The NBG-418N v2 will drop sessions that do
not become fully established (half-open sessions) and surpass maximum thresholds.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Reset Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 54 Security > Firewall > Services
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a message control and error-reporting protocol
between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP)
datagrams, but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to
the application user.
Respond to Ping
on WAN
The NBG-418N v2 will not respond to any incoming Ping requests when Disable is selected.
Select Enable to reply to incoming WAN Ping requests.
VPN Passthrough Select the checkbox to enable the advanced pass through features:
•PPTP Passthrough: Select this option to allow the NBG-418N v2 to pass through VPN traffic
using PPTP.
•L2TP Passthrough: Select this option to enable computers on your LAN to make L2TP VPN
connections to servers on the Internet.
•IPSEC Passthrough: Select this option to allow the NBG-418N v2 to pass through VPN traffic
using the IPsec protocol.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Reset Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.
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CHAPTER 14
Content Filter
14.1 Overview
Content filter allows you to block specific URLs.
The NBG-418N v2 checks the URL’s domain name (or IP address) and file path separately when
performing keyword blocking.
The URL’s domain name or IP address is the characters that come before the first slash in the URL. For
example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the domain name is
www.zyxel.com.tw.
The file path is the characters that come after the first slash in the URL. For example, with the URL
www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the file path is news/pressroom.php.
Since the NBG-418N v2 checks the URL’s domain name (or IP address) and file path separately, it will not
find items that go across the two. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php,
the NBG-418N v2 would find “tw” in the domain name (www.zyxel.com.tw). It would also find “news” in
the file path (news/pressroom.php) but it would not find “tw/news”.
14.2 What You Can Do
• Use the Filter screen to block the users on your network from accessing certain web sites (Section 14.3
on page 120).
14.3 Filter Screen
Use the Filter screen to enable keyword blocking and add keywords for blocking.
Click Security > Content Filter. The screen appears as shown next.
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Figure 87 Security > Content Filter > Filter
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 55 Security > Content Filter > Filter
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable URL
Keyword Blocking
The NBG-418N v2 can block Web sites with URLs that contain certain keywords in the domain
name or IP address. For example, if the keyword "bad" was enabled, all sites containing this
keyword in the domain name or IP address will be blocked, e.g., URL http://
www.website.com/bad.html would be blocked.
Select Enable to turn on this feature. Otherwise, select Disable.
Keyword Type a keyword in this field. You may use any character (up to 64 characters). Wildcards are
not allowed. You can also enter a numerical IP address.
Add Keyword Click this after you have typed a keyword to create a new entry in the table below.
When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get a message telling you
that the content filter is blocking this request.
Delete Selected
Keyword
Click this to remove the selected entry.
Select Click this to select an entry and click Delete Selected Keyword to remove it.
Filtered Keyword This displays the keyword already added.
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CHAPTER 15
Remote Management
15.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the Remote Management screen.
Note: When you configure remote management to allow management from the WAN, you
still need to configure a firewall rule to allow access. See the firewall chapters for details
on configuring firewall rules.
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15.1.1 Remote Management Limitations
Remote management over WAN will not work when:
1You have disabled that service in the remote management screen.
2The IP address in the Secured Client WAN IP Address field does not match the client IP address. If it does
not match, the NBG-418N v2 will disconnect the session immediately.
3There is already another remote management session with an equal or higher priority running. You may
only have one remote management session running at one time.
4There is a firewall rule that blocks it.
15.1.2 Remote Management and NAT
When NAT is enabled:
• Use the NBG-418N v2’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN.
• Use the NBG-418N v2’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN.
15.1.3 System Timeout
There is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds). The NBG-
418N v2 automatically logs you out if the management session remains idle for longer than this timeout
period. The management session does not time out when a statistics screen is polling. You can change
the timeout period in the System screen.
15.2 WWW Screen
To change your NBG-418N v2’s World Wide Web settings, click Management > Remote MGMT to display
the WWW screen.
Figure 88 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 56 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable HTTP from the
WAN side
Click the check box to configure your NBG-418N v2 via HTTP using a web browser
through the WAN interface.
Server Port You may change the Server port number for a service if needed, however you must
use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Secured Client WAN IP
Address
A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the NBG-
418N v2 using this service.
Select All to allow any computer to access the NBG-418N v2 using this service.
Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to
access the NBG-418N v2 using this service.
Note: This only applies on WAN IP.
Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER 16
Universal Plug-and-Play
(UPnP)
16.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the UPnP feature in the Web Configurator.
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple
peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network,
obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a
device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
16.2 What You Need to Know
How do I know if I'm using UPnP?
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP
compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a
UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device.
NAT Traversal
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP
network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the
network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT
traversal allows the following:
• Dynamic port mapping
• Learning public IP addresses
• Assigning lease times to mappings
Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP.
See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT.
Cautions with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening
firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be
obtained and modified by users in some network environments.
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When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security
reasons, the NBG-418N v2 allows multicast messages on the LAN only.
All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration.
Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
16.3 Configuring UPnP
Use this screen to enable UPnP. Click the Management > UPnP to open the following screen.
Figure 89 Management > UPnP > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
16.4 Installing UPnP in Windows 7 Example
This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows 7. UPnP server is installed in Windows 7.
You will need to activate UPnP on the VMG4381-B10A.
Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the VMG4381-B10A. Turn on your computer and
the VMG4381-B10A.
1Click the Start icon, Control Panel and then the Network and Sharing Center.
Table 57 Management > UPnP > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Device Name This field displays the description of the NBG-418N v2 router.
Enable the Universal Plug and
Play (UPnP) Feature
Select the Enable the UPnP Features check box to activate UPnP. Be aware that
anyone could use a UPnP application to open the Web Configurator's login screen
without entering the NBG-418N v2's IP address (although you must still enter the
password to access the Web Configurator).
Apply Click Apply to save the setting to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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2Click Change Advanced Sharing Settings.
3Under Network Discover section, select Turn on network discovery and click Save Changes. Network
discovery allows your computer to find other computers and devices on the network and other
computers on the network to find your computer. This makes it easier to share files and printers.
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16.4.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example
This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed
in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the NBG-418N v2.
Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the NBG-418N v2. Turn on your computer and
the NBG-418N v2.
16.4.1.1 Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device
1Click start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon displays under Internet
Gateway.
2Right-click the icon and select Properties.
Figure 90 Network Connections
3In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there were
automatically created.
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Figure 91 Internet Connection Properties
4You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings.
Figure 92 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings
Figure 93 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add
Note: When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port
mappings will be deleted automatically.
5Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon displays in the
system tray.
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Figure 94 System Tray Icon
6Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status.
Figure 95 Internet Connection Status
16.4.2 Web Configurator Easy Access
With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the NBG-418N v2 without finding out the IP
address of the NBG-418N v2 first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the NBG-418N
v2.
Follow the steps below to access the Web Configurator.
1Click Start and then Control Panel.
2Double-click Network Connections.
3Select My Network Places under Other Places.
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Figure 96 Network Connections
4An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network.
5Right-click on the icon for your NBG-418N v2 and select Invoke. The Web Configurator login screen
displays.
Figure 97 Network Connections: My Network Places
6Right-click on the icon for your NBG-418N v2 and select Properties. A properties window displays with
basic information about the NBG-418N v2.
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Figure 98 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example
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CHAPTER 17
Bandwidth MGMT
17.1 Overview
Bandwidth management provides a convenient way to manage the use of various services on the
network. It manages general protocols (for example, HTTP and FTP) and applies traffic prioritization to
enhance the performance of delay-sensitive applications like voice and video.
17.2 What You Can Do
• Use the Bandwidth MGMT screen to enable this feature in the NBG-418N v2.
• Use the Advance screen to configure the QoS (Quality of Service) rule on the NBG-418N v2.
17.3 What You Need To Know
The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the WAN interface (LAN to WAN, WLAN to WAN)
must be less than or equal to the Upstream Bandwidth that you configure in the Bandwidth
Management Advanced screen.
The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the LAN interface (WAN to LAN, WAN to WLAN) must
be less than or equal to the Downstream Bandwidth that you configure in the Bandwidth Management
Advanced screen.
17.4 Bandwidth MGMT Screen
Use this screen to enable the bandwidth management feature on the NBG-418N v2. Click Management
> Bandwidth MGMT. The following screen displays.
Figure 99 Management > Bandwidth MGMT
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
17.5 Advanced Screen
Use this screen to set up the QoS rules for the NBG-418N v2. Click Management > Bandwidth MGMT >
Advanced. The following screen displays.
Figure 100 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 58 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Bandwidth MGMT
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Service Management
Enable Bandwidth
Management
Click the Enable Bandwidth Management check box to activate the bandwidth
management feature in the NBG-418N v2.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes in t his screen.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 59 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
QoS Setup
Total Bandwidth (0,
Unlimited)
This field shows the maximum number of data in kbps the NBG-418N v2 is allowed to send out
and allowed to come in through a source interface.
Up Stream Type the Up Stream or maximum outgoing transmission data rate (kbps) that is allowed to go
through the source interface on the NBG-418N v2.
Down Stream Type the Down Stream or maximum incoming transmission data rate (kbps) that is allowed to
go through the source interface on the NBG-418N v2.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
QoS Rules
#This field shows the index number of the QoS rule.
Source IP Address This field shows the source IP Address of the data traffic.
Max Bandwidth(kpbs)
Up Ceiling This field shows the maximum outgoing transmission data rate (kbps) that is allo wed to go
through the source interface on the NBG-418N v2.
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Down Ceiling This field shows the maximum outgoing transmission data rate (kbps) that is allowed to go
through the source interface on the NBG-418N v2.
Delete Click the Delete check box to select the QoS rule you want to delete.
Add Click Add button to add the QoS rule.
Delete Click Delete to remove the QoS rule.
Table 59 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 18
System
18.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the System screens.
See the chapter about wizard setup for more information on the next few screens.
18.2 What You Can Do
• Use the General screen to enter a name to identify the NBG-418N v2 in the network and set the
password (Section 18.3 on page 136).
• Use the Time Setting screen to change your NBG-418N v2’s time and date (Section 18.4 on page 137).
18.3 System General Screen
Use this screen to enter a name to identify the NBG-418N v2 in the network and set the password. Click
Maintenance > System. The following screen displays.
Figure 101 Maintenance > System > General
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
18.4 Time Setting Screen
To change your NBG-418N v2’s time and date, click Maintenance > System > Time Setting. The screen
appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the NBG-418N v2’s time based on your local time zone.
Figure 102 Maintenance > System > Time Setting
Table 60 Maintenance > System > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Setup
System Name System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG-418N v2 in an Ethernet network. It is
recommended you enter your computer’s “Computer name” in this field (see the chapter
about wizard setup for how to find your computer’s name).
This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but
dashes “-” and underscores "_" are accepted.
Domain Name Enter the Domain name (if you know it) here. This name is propagated to DHCP clients
connected to interfaces with the DHCP server enabled.
Administrator
Inactivity Timer
Type how many minutes a management session can be left idle before the session times out.
The default is 5 minutes. After it times out you have to log in with your password again. Very
long idle timeouts may have security risks. A value of "0" means a management session
never times out, no matter how long it has been left idle (not recommended).
Password Setup Change your NBG-418N v2’s password (recommended) using the fields as shown.
Old Password Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this field.
New Password Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password,
the screen displays an asterisk (*) for each character you type.
Retype to Confirm Type the new password again in this field.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 61 Maintenance > System > Time Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current Time and Date
Current Time This field displays the time of your NBG-418N v2.
Each time you reload this page, the NBG-418N v2 synchronizes the time with the time
server.
Current Date This field displays the date of your NBG-418N v2.
Each time you reload this page, the NBG-418N v2 synchronizes the date with the time
server.
Time and Date Setup
Manual Select the Manual radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a
new time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, the new time and
date you entered has priority and the Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect
it.
New Time
(hh:mm:ss) This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time configured
manually.
When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new time in this field and then click
Apply.
New Date
(yyyy/mm/dd) This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the last date configured
manually.
When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new date in this field and then click
Apply.
Copy Your
Computer’s Time
Settings
Click the Copy Your Computer’s Time Settings button to copy your computer’s time settings
into the NBG-418N v2’s time and date setup.
Get from Time Server Select the Get from time server radio button to have the NBG-418N v2 get the time and
date from the time server you specified below.
Auto Select Auto to have the NBG-418N v2 automatically search for an available time server and
synchronize the date and time with the time server after you click Apply.
User Defined
Time Server
Address
Select User Defined Time Server Address and enter the IP address or URL (up to 20 extended
ASCII characters in length) of your time server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if
you are unsure of this information.
Time Zone Setup
Time Zone Choose the Time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time
zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
Daylight Savings
Offset
Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set their clocks
ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening.
Select the number of offset hours you wish to adjust for daylight savings from the drop-down
list.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-418N v2.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER 19
Logs
19.1 Overview
This chapter contains information about configuring general log settings and viewing the NBG-418N v2’s
logs.
The Web Configurator allows you to look at all of the NBG-418N v2’s logs in one location.
19.2 What You Need to Know
An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. They include system errors, attacks (access
control) and attempted access to blocked web sites or web sites with restricted web features such as
cookies, active X and so on. Some categories such as System Errors consist of both logs and alerts. You
may differentiate them by their color in the View Log screen. Alerts display in red and logs display in
black.
Alerts are e-mailed as soon as they happen. Logs may be e-mailed as soon as the log is full (see Log
Schedule). Selecting many alert and/or log categories (especially Access Control) may result in many e-
mails being sent.
19.3 View Log Screen
Use the View Log screen to see the logged messages for the NBG-418N v2. Options include logs about
system maintenance, system errors, access control, allowed or blocked web sites, blocked web features
(such as ActiveX controls, Java and cookies), attacks (such as DoS) and IPSec.
Log entries in red indicate system error logs. The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after it fills.
Click a column heading to sort the entries. A triangle indicates ascending or descending sort order.
Click Maintenance > Logs to open the View Log screen.
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Figure 103 Maintenance > Logs > View Log
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 62 Maintenance > Logs > View Log
LABEL DESCRIPTION
First Click First button to see the first page of the log.
Previous Click Previous button to go back one page from your current log page.
Next Click Next button to go to the following page from your current log page.
Last Click Last button to go to the last page of the log.
Clear Logs Click Clear Logs to delete all the logs.
Time This field displays the time the log was recorded.
Index This is the index number of the log.
Type This field displays the type of the log.
Log information This field states the reason for the log.
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CHAPTER 20
Tools
20.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to upload a new firmware, upload or save backup configuration files and
restart the NBG-418N v2.
20.2 What You Can Do
• Use the Firmware screen to upload firmware to your NBG-418N v2 (Section 20.3 on page 141).
• Use the Configuration screen to view information related to factory defaults, backup configuration,
and restoring configuration (Section 20.4 on page 143).
• Use the Restart screen to have the NBG-418N v2 reboot (Section 20.5 on page 144).
20.3 Firmware Upload Screen
Find firmware at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses the system model name with a “*.bin”
extension, e.g., “NBG-418N v2.bin”. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may
take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot.
Click Maintenance > Tools. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your NBG-418N v2.
Figure 104 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Note: Do not turn off the NBG-418N v2 while firmware upload is in progress!
After you see the Firmware Upload In Process screen, wait for several minutes before logging into the
NBG-418N v2 again.
Figure 105 Upload Warning
The NBG-418N v2 automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some
operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.
Figure 106 Network Temporarily Disconnected
After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen.
If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the
Firmware screen.
Figure 107 Upload Error Message
Table 63 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Choose File Click Choose File button to find the.bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must
decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them.
Automatically
reset default
after firmware
upgraded
Click the Automatically reset default after firmware upgraded check box to have the NBG-418N
v2 automatically reset itself after the new firmware is uploaded.
Upload Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.
Check for
Latest Firmware
Now
Click Check for Latest Firmware Now button to have the NBG-418N v2 search for the latest
firmware available online at Zyxel’s website.
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20.4 Configuration Screen
Click Maintenance > Tools > Configuration. Information related to factory defaults, backup
configuration, and restoring configuration appears as shown next.
Figure 108 Maintenance > Tools > Configuration
20.4.1 Backup Configuration
Backup configuration allows you to back up (save) the NBG-418N v2’s current configuration to a file on
your computer. Once your NBG-418N v2 is configured and functioning properly, it is highly
recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The
backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings.
Click Backup to save the NBG-418N v2’s current configuration to your computer.
20.4.2 Restore Configuration
Restore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your
computer to your NBG-418N v2.
Note: Do not turn off the NBG-418N v2 while configuration file upload is in progress.
After you see a “configuration upload successful” screen, you must then wait one minute before
logging into the NBG-418N v2 again.
Table 64 Maintenance Restore Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Choose File Click Choose File button to find the backup file of previous configuration you saved on your
computer using the Backup button.
Upload Click Upload to begin the upload process.
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Figure 109 Configuration Restore Successful
The NBG-418N v2 automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some
operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.
Figure 110 Temporarily Disconnected
If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your computer
to be in the same subnet as that of the default NBG-418N v2 IP address (192.168.1.1 in router mode). See
Appendix D on page 178 for details on how to set up your computer’s IP address.
If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the
Configuration screen.
Figure 111 Configuration Restore Error
20.4.3 Back to Factory Defaults
Pressing the Reset to default button in this section clears all user-entered configuration information and
returns the NBG-418N v2 to its factory defaults.
You can also press the WPS/RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your NBG-
418N v2. Refer to Section 1.4.1 on page 14 for more information on the WPS/RESET button.
20.5 Restart Screen
System restart allows you to reboot the NBG-418N v2 without turning the power off.
Click Maintenance > Tools > Restart. Click Restart to have the NBG-418N v2 reboot. This does not affect
the NBG-418N v2's configuration.
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Figure 112 Maintenance > Tools > Restart
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CHAPTER 21
Sys OP Mode
21.1 Overview
The Sys OP Mode (System Operation Mode) function lets you configure select the device operation
mode: Router, Access Point, or Universal Repeater.
See Chapter 4 on page 28 for more information on which mode to choose.
21.2 General Screen
Use this screen to select how you connect to the Internet.
Figure 113 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General
The following table describes the labels in the General screen.
Table 65 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Operation Mode
Router Use Router mode if you want to use routing functions such as LAN DHCP, NAT, firewall and so
on, on the NBG-418N v2 (N). The NBG-418N v2 has separate LAN and WAN network IP
addresses.
Access Point Use Access Point mode if you already have a Router (R) in your network and you want to
bridge all wired and wireless network connections.
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If you select Router mode, the following pop-up message window appears.
Figure 114 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: Router
• In this mode there are both LAN and WAN ports. The LAN Ethernet and WAN Ethernet ports have
different IP addresses.
• The DHCP server on your device is enabled and allocates IP addresses to other devices on your local
network.
• The LAN IP address of the NBG-418N v2 is set to 192.168.1.1.
• You can configure the IP address settings on your WAN port. Contact your ISP or system administrator
for more information on appropriate settings.
If you select a non-router mode (Access Point, Universal Repeater or Client Bridge) the following pop-up
message window appears.
Figure 115 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: Non-Router
• In non-router mode, all Ethernet ports have the same IP address.
• All ports on the rear panel of the device are LAN ports, including the port labeled WAN. There is no
WAN port.
• The DHCP server on your device is disabled. In this mode there must be a device with a DHCP server
on your network such as a router which can allocate IP addresses or else you need to manually assign
IP addresses to devices on your network.
• The LAN IP address of the NBG-418N v2 is set to 192.168.1.2.
Universal Repeater Use Universal Repeater mode if there is an existing wireless router or access point in your
network and you want the NBG-418N v2 to wirelessly relay communications from its wireless
clients to it.
Client Bridge Use Client Bridge mode if your device needs a wireless client to connect to an existing
access point.
Apply Click Apply to save your settings.
Reset Click Reset to return to the previous screen settings.
Table 65 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 22
Language
22.1 Language Screen
Use this screen to change the language for the Web Configurator display.
Click the language you prefer. The Web Configurator language changes after a while without restarting
the NBG-418N v2.
Figure 116 Language
Figure 117 Language Change Example
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CHAPTER 23
Troubleshooting
This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are
divided into the following categories.
•Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
•NBG-418N v2 Access and Login
•Internet Access
•Resetting the NBG-418N v2 to Its Factory Defaults
•Wireless Problems
23.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
The NBG-418N v2 does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.
1Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the NBG-418N v2.
2Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the NBG-418N v2 and plugged in to an
appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.
3Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG-418N v2.
4If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.
1Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.3 on page 13.
2Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide.
3Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.
4Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the NBG-418N v2.
5If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
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23.2 NBG-418N v2 Access and Login
I don’t know the IP address of my NBG-418N v2.
1The default web address in Router Mode is http://myrouter.
2The default IP address in router mode is 192.168.1.1 and in non-router mode is 192.168.1.2.
3If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the NBG-418N v2 in
Router Mode by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most
Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default
Gateway might be the IP address of the NBG-418N v2 (it depends on the network), so enter this IP
address in your Internet browser.
4Reset your NBG-418N v2 to change all settings back to their default. This means your current settings are
lost. See Section 23.4 on page 152 in the Troubleshooting for information on resetting your NBG-418N v2.
I forgot the username and password.
1The default username is admin and default password is 1234.
2If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 23.4 on page 152.
I cannot see or access the Login screen in the Web Configurator.
1Make sure you are using the correct IP address.
• The default IP address is 192.168.1.1 (router mode).
• If you changed the IP address, use the new IP address.
• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I don’t
know the IP address of my NBG-418N v2.
2Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide.
3Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScript and Java
enabled. See Appendix C on page 169.
4Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the NBG-418N v2. (If you know that there are routers
between your computer and the NBG-418N v2, skip this step.)
• If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP address.
• If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer’s IP address is in the same
subnet as the NBG-418N v2.
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5Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the NBG-418N v2 with the default IP address.
6If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is
connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port.
I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the NBG-418N v2.
1Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default username is admin and default
password is 1234. This field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
2This can happen when you fail to log out properly from your last session. Try logging in again after 5
minutes.
3Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG-418N v2.
4If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 23.4 on page 152.
23.3 Internet Access
I cannot access the Internet.
1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide.
2Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are case-
sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
3If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless client are
the same as the settings in the AP.
4Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again.
5Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General. Check your System Operation Mode setting.
6If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the NBG-418N v2), but
my Internet connection is not available anymore.
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1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide and Section 1.3 on page 13.
2Reboot the NBG-418N v2.
3If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.
1There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.3 on page 13. If the
NBG-418N v2 is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet,
especially peer-to-peer applications.
2Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving the NBG-418N v2 closer to the AP if
possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless
network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on).
3Reboot the NBG-418N v2.
4If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
23.4 Resetting the NBG-418N v2 to Its Factory Defaults
If you reset the NBG-418N v2, you lose all of the changes you have made. The NBG-418N v2 re-loads its
default settings, and the username/password resets to admin/1234. You have to make all of your
changes again.
You will lose all of your changes when you push the WPS/RESET button.
To reset the NBG-418N v2,
1Make sure the power LED is on.
2Press the WPS/RESET button for longer than 10 second to reboot and restore factory-default
configurations on the NBG-418N v2.
If the NBG-418N v2 restarts automatically, wait for the NBG-418N v2 to finish restarting, and log in to the
Web Configurator. The username is admin and password is 1234.
If the NBG-418N v2 does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the NBG-418N v2’s power.
Then, follow the directions above again.
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23.5 Wireless Problems
I cannot access the NBG-418N v2 or ping any computer from the WLAN.
1Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the NBG-418N v2.
2Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly.
3Make sure the wireless adapter installed on your computer is IEEE 802.11 compatible and supports the
same wireless standard as the NBG-418N v2.
4Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the transmission range of the NBG-
418N v2.
5Check that both the NBG-418N v2 and your wireless station are using the same wireless and wireless
security settings.
6Make sure traffic between the WLAN and the LAN is not blocked by the firewall on the NBG-418N v2.
7Make sure you allow the NBG-418N v2 to be remotely accessed through the WLAN interface. Check
your remote management settings.
•See Chapter 6 Wireless LAN for more information.
I cannot access the Web Configurator after I switched to a non-router mode.
When you change from router mode to a non-router mode, you must manually give your computer an
IP address in the range between 192.168.1.3 and 192.168.1.254 as non-router mode has no LAN DHCP
server.
Refer to Appendix D on page 178 for instructions on how to change your computer’s IP address.
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APPENDIX A
Customer Support
In the event of problems that cannot be solved by using this manual, you should contact your vendor. If
you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a Zyxel office for the region in which you bought the
device.
See http://www.zyxel.com/homepage.shtml and also
http://www.zyxel.com/about_zyxel/zyxel_worldwide.shtml for the latest information.
Please have the following information ready when you contact an office.
Required Information
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide)
Taiwan
• Zyxel Communications Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com
Asia
China
• Zyxel Communications (Shanghai) Corp.
Zyxel Communications (Beijing) Corp.
Zyxel Communications (Tianjin) Corp.
• http://www.zyxel.cn
India
•Zyxel Technology India Pvt Ltd
• http://www.zyxel.in
Kazakhstan
•Zyxel Kazakhstan
• http://www.zyxel.kz
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Korea
• Zyxel Korea Corp.
• http://www.zyxel.kr
Malaysia
• Zyxel Malaysia Sdn Bhd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.my
Pakistan
• Zyxel Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.pk
Philippines
• Zyxel Philippines
• http://www.zyxel.com.ph
Singapore
• Zyxel Singapore Pte Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.sg
Taiwan
• Zyxel Communications Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/tw/zh/
Thailand
• Zyxel Thailand Co., Ltd
• http://www.zyxel.co.th
Vietnam
• Zyxel Communications Corporation-Vietnam Office
• http://www.zyxel.com/vn/vi
Europe
Austria
•Zyxel Deutschland GmbH
• http://www.zyxel.de
Belarus
•Zyxel BY
• http://www.zyxel.by
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Belgium
• Zyxel Communications B.V.
• http://www.zyxel.com/be/nl/
• http://www.zyxel.com/be/fr/
Bulgaria
•Zyxel България
• http://www.zyxel.com/bg/bg/
Czech Republic
• Zyxel Communications Czech s.r.o
• http://www.zyxel.cz
Denmark
• Zyxel Communications A/S
• http://www.zyxel.dk
Estonia
• Zyxel Estonia
• http://www.zyxel.com/ee/et/
Finland
• Zyxel Communications
• http://www.zyxel.fi
France
•Zyxel France
• http://www.zyxel.fr
Germany
•Zyxel Deutschland GmbH
• http://www.zyxel.de
Hungary
• Zyxel Hungary & SEE
• http://www.zyxel.hu
Italy
• Zyxel Communications Italy
• http://www.zyxel.it/
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Latvia
•Zyxel Latvia
• http://www.zyxel.com/lv/lv/homepage.shtml
Lithuania
•Zyxel Lithuania
• http://www.zyxel.com/lt/lt/homepage.shtml
Netherlands
• Zyxel Benelux
• http://www.zyxel.nl
Norway
• Zyxel Communications
• http://www.zyxel.no
Poland
• Zyxel Communications Poland
• http://www.zyxel.pl
Romania
• Zyxel Romania
• http://www.zyxel.com/ro/ro
Russia
• Zyxel Russia
• http://www.zyxel.ru
Slovakia
• Zyxel Communications Czech s.r.o. organizacna zlozka
• http://www.zyxel.sk
Spain
• Zyxel Communications ES Ltd
• http://www.zyxel.es
Sweden
• Zyxel Communications
• http://www.zyxel.se
Switzerland
•Studerus AG
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• http://www.zyxel.ch/
Turkey
• Zyxel Turkey A.S.
• http://www.zyxel.com.tr
UK
• Zyxel Communications UK Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.co.uk
Ukraine
•Zyxel Ukraine
• http://www.ua.zyxel.com
Latin America
Argentina
• Zyxel Communication Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/ec/es/
Brazil
• Zyxel Communications Brasil Ltda.
• https://www.zyxel.com/br/pt/
Ecuador
• Zyxel Communication Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/ec/es/
Middle East
Israel
• Zyxel Communication Corporation
• http://il.zyxel.com/homepage.shtml
Middle East
• Zyxel Communication Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/me/en/
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North America
USA
• Zyxel Communications, Inc. - North America Headquarters
• http://www.zyxel.com/us/en/
Oceania
Australia
• Zyxel Communications Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/au/en/
Africa
South Africa
• Nology (Pty) Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.co.za
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APPENDIX B
IP Addresses and Subnetting
This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks.
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers,
servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These
networking devices are also known as hosts.
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet
masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Introduction to IP Addresses
One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same way that
houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common network
number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has its own
unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets to the correct
network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are delivered.
Structure
An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.1.1).
Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example
11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation).
Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal.
The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the
network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.
Figure 118 Network Number and Host ID
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How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the
subnet mask.
Subnet Masks
A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part
of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “sub-network”.
A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP address
is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit in the IP
address is part of the host ID.
The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of
an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).
By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the
leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.
Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value). For
example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are
zeroes.
Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples
show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks.
Network Size
The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have on
your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID
bits.
An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet
mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network
(192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).
Table 66 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example
1ST OCTET:
(192)
2ND OCTET:
(168)
3RD OCTET:
(1)
4TH OCTET
(2)
IP Address (Binary) 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000010
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Network Number 11000000 10101000 00000001
Host ID 00000010
Table 67 Subnet Masks
BINARY DECIMAL
1ST OCTET 2ND OCTET 3RD OCTET 4TH OCTET
8-bit mask 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.0
16-bit mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.0
24-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.0
29-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000 255.255.255.248
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As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of
possible hosts in a network as follows:
Notation
Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous
number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead
of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/” followed by the number of bits
in the mask after the address.
For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128.
The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations.
Subnetting
You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a
network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the
company network for security reasons.
In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address
(192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 –
2 or 254 possible hosts.
The following figure shows the company network before subnetting.
Table 68 Maximum Host Numbers
SUBNET MASK HOST ID SIZE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS
8 bits 255.0.0.0 24 bits 224 – 2 16777214
16 bits 255.255.0.0 16 bits 216 – 2 65534
24 bits 255.255.255.0 8 bits 28 – 2 254
29 bits 255.255.255.248 3 bits 23 – 2 6
Table 69 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation
SUBNET MASK ALTERNATIVE
NOTATION LAST OCTET
(BINARY) LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL)
255.255.255.0 /24 0000 0000 0
255.255.255.128 /25 1000 0000 128
255.255.255.192 /26 1100 0000 192
255.255.255.224 /27 1110 0000 224
255.255.255.240 /28 1111 0000 240
255.255.255.248 /29 1111 1000 248
255.255.255.252 /30 1111 1100 252
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Figure 119 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting
You can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-
networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25).
The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and
192.168.1.128 /25.
The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-networks, A
and B.
Figure 120 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting
In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126 possible
hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).
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192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its
broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A
is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126.
Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.
Example: Four Subnets
The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets.
Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID bits to give four
possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192.
Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the
subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).
Table 70 Subnet 1
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE
IP Address (Decimal) 192.168.1. 0
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.63
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62
Table 71 Subnet 2
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address 192.168.1. 64
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address: 192.168.1.64 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.127
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126
Table 72 Subnet 3
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address 192.168.1. 128
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.128
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.191
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190
Table 73 Subnet 4
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE
IP Address 192.168.1. 192
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11000000
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Example: Eight Subnets
Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111).
The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.
Subnet Planning
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number.
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number.
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.192
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.255
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254
Table 73 Subnet 4 (continued)
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE
Table 74 Eight Subnets
SUBNET SUBNET ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST ADDRESS BROADCAST
ADDRESS
1 0 1 30 31
232 33 62 63
364 65 94 95
496 97 126 127
5128 129 158 159
6160 161 190 191
7192 193 222 223
8224 225 254 255
Table 75 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
1255.255.255.128 (/25) 2126
2255.255.255.192 (/26) 462
3255.255.255.224 (/27) 830
4255.255.255.240 (/28) 16 14
5255.255.255.248 (/29) 32 6
6255.255.255.252 (/30) 64 2
7255.255.255.254 (/31) 128 1
Table 76 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
1255.255.128.0 (/17) 232766
2255.255.192.0 (/18) 416382
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Configuring IP Addresses
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network
administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP
addresses and the subnet mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user
account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is
the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The
Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use;
please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must also enable Network
Address Translation (NAT) on the NBG-418N v2.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your NBG-418N v2 that is easy to
remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP
address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG-418N v2 will compute
the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change
the subnet mask computed by the NBG-418N v2 unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the
Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to the
hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the
following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
3255.255.224.0 (/19) 88190
4255.255.240.0 (/20) 16 4094
5255.255.248.0 (/21) 32 2046
6255.255.252.0 (/22) 64 1022
7255.255.254.0 (/23) 128 510
8255.255.255.0 (/24) 256 254
9255.255.255.128 (/25) 512 126
10 255.255.255.192 (/26) 1024 62
11 255.255.255.224 (/27) 2048 30
12 255.255.255.240 (/28) 4096 14
13 255.255.255.248 (/29) 8192 6
14 255.255.255.252 (/30) 16384 2
15 255.255.255.254 (/31) 32768 1
Table 76 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning (continued)
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
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You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private network.
If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you
with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger
organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.
Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines
above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for
Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
IP Address Conflicts
Each device on a network must have a unique IP address. Devices with duplicate IP addresses on the
same network will not be able to access the Internet or other resources. The devices may also be
unreachable through the network.
Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example
More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example computer A has a
static (or fixed) IP address that is the same as the IP address that a DHCP server assigns to computer B
which is a DHCP client. Neither can access the Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a
different static IP address to computer A or setting computer A to obtain an IP address automatically.
Figure 121 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example
Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example
Since a router connects different networks, it must have interfaces using different network numbers. For
example, if a router is set between a LAN and the Internet (WAN), the router’s LAN and WAN addresses
must be on different subnets. In the following example, the LAN and WAN are on the same subnet. The
LAN computers cannot access the Internet because the router cannot route between networks.
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Figure 122 Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example
Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example
More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example, the computer and
the router’s LAN port both use 192.168.1.1 as the IP address. The computer cannot access the Internet.
This problem can be solved by assigning a different IP address to the computer or the router’s LAN port.
Figure 123 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example
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APPENDIX C
Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and
Java Permissions
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.
• JavaScripts (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Note: The screens used below belong to Internet Explorer version 6, 7 and 8. Screens for other
Internet Explorer versions may vary.
Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers
You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device.
Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up
blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP address.
Disable Pop-up Blockers
1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker.
Figure 124 Pop-up Blocker
You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab.
1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy.
2Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web
pop-up blockers you may have enabled.
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Figure 125 Internet Options: Privacy
3Click Apply to save this setting.
Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions
Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.
1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab.
2Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.
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Figure 126 Internet Options: Privacy
3Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix
“http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1.
4Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.
Figure 127 Pop-up Blocker Settings
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5Click Close to return to the Privacy screen.
6Click Apply to save this setting.
JavaScripts
If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are
allowed.
1In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
Figure 128 Internet Options: Security
2Click the Custom Level... button.
3Scroll down to Scripting.
4Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
5Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
6Click OK to close the window.
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Figure 129 Security Settings - Java Scripting
Java Permissions
1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
2Click the Custom Level... button.
3Scroll down to Microsoft VM.
4Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.
5Click OK to close the window.
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Figure 130 Security Settings - Java
JAVA (Sun)
1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab.
2Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected.
3Click OK to close the window.
Figure 131 Java (Sun)
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Mozilla Firefox
Mozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary slightly. The steps below
apply to Mozilla Firefox 3.0 as well.
You can enable Java, Javascripts and pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in the
screen that appears.
Figure 132 Mozilla Firefox: TOOLS > Options
Click Content to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.
Figure 133 Mozilla Firefox Content Security
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Opera
Opera 10 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary slightly.
Allowing Pop-Ups
From Opera, click Tools, then Preferences. In the General tab, go to Choose how you prefer to handle
pop-ups and select Open all pop-ups.
Figure 134 Opera: Allowing Pop-Ups
Enabling Java
From Opera, click Tools, then Preferences. In the Advanced tab, select Content from the left-side menu.
Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.
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Figure 135 Opera: Enabling Java
To customize JavaScript behavior in the Opera browser, click JavaScript Options.
Figure 136 Opera: JavaScript Options
Select the items you want Opera’s JavaScript to apply.
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APPENDIX D
Setting Up Your Computer’s IP
Address
Note: Your specific NBG-418N v2 may not support all of the operating systems described in
this appendix. See the product specifications for more information about which
operating systems are supported.
This appendix shows you how to configure the IP settings on your computer in order for it to be able to
communicate with the other devices on your network. Windows Vista/XP/2000, Mac OS 9/OS X, and all
versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to use TCP/IP on your computer.
If you manually assign IP information instead of using a dynamic IP, make sure that your network’s
computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet.
In this appendix, you can set up an IP address for:
•Windows XP/NT/2000 on page 178
•Windows Vista on page 181
•Windows 7 on page 184
•Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 on page 189
•Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6 on page 192
•Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) on page 195
•Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) on page 199
Windows XP/NT/2000
The following example uses the default Windows XP display theme but can also apply to Windows 2000
and Windows NT.
1Click Start > Control Panel.
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2In the Control Panel, click the Network Connections icon.
3Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
4On the General tab, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click Properties.
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5The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens.
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6Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address
dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if
you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also
have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided.
7Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
8Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
Verifying Settings
1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].
You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click
Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information.
Windows Vista
This section shows screens from Windows Vista Professional.
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1Click Start > Control Panel.
2In the Control Panel, click the Network and Internet icon.
3Click the Network and Sharing Center icon.
4Click Manage network connections.
5Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
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Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that
it needs your permission to continue.
6Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.
7The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.
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8Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address
dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if
you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also
have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided.Click
Advanced.
9Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
10 Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
Verifying Settings
1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].
You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click
Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information.
Windows 7
This section shows screens from Windows 7 Enterprise.
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1Click Start > Control Panel.
2In the Control Panel, click View network status and tasks under the Network and Internet category.
3Click Change adapter settings.
4Double click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
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Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that
it needs your permission to continue.
5Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.
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6The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.
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7Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address
dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if
you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also
have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided. Click
Advanced if you want to configure advanced settings for IP, DNS and WINS.
8Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
9Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
Verifying Settings
1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].
3The IP settings are displayed as follows.
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Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4
The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.4 but can also apply to 10.3.
1Click Apple > System Preferences.
2In the System Preferences window, click the Network icon.
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3When the Network preferences pane opens, select Built-in Ethernet from the network connection type
list, and then click Configure.
4For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure IPv4 list in the TCP/IP tab.
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5For statically assigned settings, do the following:
•From the Configure IPv4 list, select Manually.
• In the IP Address field, type your IP address.
• In the Subnet Mask field, type your subnet mask.
• In the Router field, type the IP address of your device.
6Click Apply Now and close the window.
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting
the appropriate Network Interface from the Info tab.
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Figure 137 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Utility
Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6
The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.5 but can also apply to 10.6.
1Click Apple > System Preferences.
2In System Preferences, click the Network icon.
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3When the Network preferences pane opens, select Ethernet from the list of available connection types.
4From the Configure list, select Using DHCP for dynamically assigned settings.
5For statically assigned settings, do the following:
•From the Configure list, select Manually.
• In the IP Address field, enter your IP address.
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• In the Subnet Mask field, enter your subnet mask.
• In the Router field, enter the IP address of your NBG-418N v2.
6Click Apply and close the window.
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting
the appropriate Network interface from the Info tab.
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Figure 138 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Utility
Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME)
This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the GNU Object Model
Environment (GNOME) using the Ubuntu 8 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations
may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The
following screens use the default Ubuntu 8 installation.
Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.
Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in GNOME:
1Click System > Administration > Network.
2When the Network Settings window opens, click Unlock to open the Authenticate window. (By default,
the Unlock button is greyed out until clicked.) You cannot make changes to your configuration unless
you first enter your admin password.
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3In the Authenticate window, enter your admin account name and password then click the Authenticate
button.
4In the Network Settings window, select the connection that you want to configure, then click Properties.
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5The Properties dialog box opens.
• In the Configuration list, select Automatic Configuration (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address.
• In the Configuration list, select Static IP address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address,
Subnet mask, and Gateway address fields.
6Click OK to save the changes and close the Properties dialog box and return to the Network Settings
screen.
7If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Settings window and then
enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.
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8Click the Close button to apply the changes.
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking System > Administration > Network Tools, and then selecting
the appropriate Network device from the Devices tab. The Interface Statistics column shows data if your
connection is working properly.
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Figure 139 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools
Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE)
This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the K Desktop Environment
(KDE) using the openSUSE 10.3 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary
depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following
screens use the default openSUSE 10.3 installation.
Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.
Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in the KDE:
1Click K Menu > Computer > Administrator Settings (YaST).
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2When the Run as Root - KDE su dialog opens, enter the admin password and click OK.
3When the YaST Control Center window opens, select Network Devices and then click the Network Card
icon.
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4When the Network Settings window opens, click the Overview tab, select the appropriate connection
Name from the list, and then click the Configure button.
5When the Network Card Setup window opens, click the Address tab
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Figure 140 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup
6Select Dynamic Address (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address.
Select Statically assigned IP Address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask,
and Hostname fields.
7Click Next to save the changes and close the Network Card Setup window.
8If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the Hostname/DNS tab in Network Settings and then
enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.
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9Click Finish to save your settings and close the window.
Verifying Settings
Click the KNetwork Manager icon on the Task bar to check your TCP/IP properties. From the Options sub-
menu, select Show Connection Information.
Figure 141 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager
When the Connection Status - KNetwork Manager window opens, click the Statistics tab to see if your
connection is working properly.
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Figure 142 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager
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APPENDIX E
Wireless LANs
Wireless LAN Topologies
This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.
Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration
The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers
with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other,
they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an ad-hoc network or
Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers
using wireless adapters to form an ad-hoc wireless LAN.
Figure 143 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network
BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless
client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A
and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled,
wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.
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Figure 144 Basic Service Set
ESS
An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point,
with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is
called a Distribution System (DS).
This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide
communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate
neighborhood.
An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless
clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate.
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Figure 145 Infrastructure WLAN
Channel
A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data. Channels
available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so
you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference.
Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and
degrading performance.
Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be
on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if
your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel
between 6 or 11.
RTS/CTS
A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within
range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range
of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear"
each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are
considered hidden from each other.
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Figure 146 RTS/CTS
When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If
these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the
AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.
RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data
frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked.
When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants
to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send
it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify
them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame
for the requested transmission.
Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request
To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.
You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost"
of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To
Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.
If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request
To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before
they reach RTS/CTS size.
Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively
affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.
Fragmentation Threshold
A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can
be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames.
A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you
should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference.
If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the
RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be
fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.
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Preamble Type
Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the
synchronization field in a packet.
Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending
data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short
preamble.
Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network
support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks.
Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide more
efficient communications.
Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the network
support it, otherwise the NBG-418N v2 uses long preamble.
Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.
IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN
IEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can
interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on
range. IEEE 802.11g has several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data
rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:
Wireless Security Overview
Wireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless clients,
access points and the wired network.
Wireless security methods available on the NBG-418N v2 are data encryption, wireless client
authentication, restricting access by device MAC address and hiding the NBG-418N v2 identity.
Table 77 IEEE 802.11g
DATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION
1 DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed)
2 DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)
5.5 / 11 CCK (Complementary Code Keying)
6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
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The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on your
NBG-418N v2.
Note: You must enable the same wireless security settings on the NBG-418N v2 and on all
wireless clients that you want to associate with it.
IEEE 802.1x
In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support
extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is
supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are:
• User based identification that allows for roaming.
• Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user
profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server.
• Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional authentication
methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless clients.
RADIUS
RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting.
The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following
tasks:
• Authentication
Determines the identity of the users.
•Authorization
Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the
network.
• Accounting
Keeps track of the client’s network activity.
RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless
client and the network RADIUS server.
Table 78 Wireless Security Levels
SECURITY
LEVEL SECURITY TYPE
Least Secure
Most Secure
Unique SSID (Default)
Unique SSID with Hide SSID Enabled
MAC Address Filtering
WEP Encryption
IEEE802.1x EAP with RADIUS Server Authentication
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
WPA2
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Types of RADIUS Messages
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS
server for user authentication:
• Access-Request
Sent by an access point requesting authentication.
• Access-Reject
Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.
• Access-Accept
Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access.
• Access-Challenge
Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends
a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message.
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS
server for user accounting:
• Accounting-Request
Sent by the access point requesting accounting.
• Accounting-Response
Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting.
In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key,
which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key,
password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access.
Types of EAP Authentication
This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP.
Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types.
EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE 802.1x
transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP to interact
with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a RADIUS server
perform authentication.
The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that
supports IEEE 802.1x.
For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain the
certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used to
authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner.
EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)
MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a
challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client ‘proves’ that it knows the password by encrypting the
password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text.
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However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the
plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server
may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5
authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method
does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for
data encryption.
EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)
With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual
authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server,
the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open
before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital
certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity. However, to implement EAP-
TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management
overhead.
EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service)
EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side
authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending
username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client
authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP,
MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2.
PEAP (Protected EAP)
Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use
simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients,
thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2
and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by
Cisco.
LEAP
LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x.
Dynamic WEP Key Exchange
The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless
connection times out, disconnects or re-authentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each
time re-authentication is performed.
If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless security
configuration screen. You may still configure and store keys, but they will not be used while dynamic
WEP is enabled.
Note: EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key Exchange
For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for
data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a
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simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the
features of authentication types.
WPA and WPA2
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless
security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA.
Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user
authentication.
If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2
for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2-PSK
(WPA2-Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point,
wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted
access to a WLAN.
If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether
you have an external RADIUS server or not.
Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure
than WPA or WPA2.
Encryption
WPA improves data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check
(MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA2 also uses TKIP when required for compatibility reasons, but offers stronger
encryption than TKIP with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block
chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP).
TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. AES
(Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm called
Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named
Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism.
WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is
never used twice.
The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy
and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to
Table 79 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types
EAP-MD5 EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS PEAP LEAP
Mutual Authentication No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Certificate – Client No Yes Optional Optional No
Certificate – Server No Yes Yes Yes No
Dynamic Key Exchange No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Credential Integrity None Strong Strong Strong Moderate
Deployment Difficulty Easy Hard Moderate Moderate Moderate
Client Identity Protection No No Yes Yes No
Appendix E Wireless LANs
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
214
encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This
all happens in the background automatically.
The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets,
altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the
receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is
assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped.
By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity
checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi network than
WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network.
The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference
between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific
credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-
guessing attacks but it’s still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent, single, alphanumeric
password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal encryption keys. This prevent all
wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of WEP)
User Authentication
WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless
clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange messages from
six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a network. Other
WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and pre-authentication.
These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless devices.
Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication with
an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not need to go
with the authentication process again.
Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to
perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it.
Wireless Client WPA Supplicants
A wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless client
how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch for
Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client.
The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero
Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it.
WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example
To set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the
RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A"
is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system.
1The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.
2The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies
network access accordingly.
Appendix E Wireless LANs
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
215
3A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the RADIUS server and
the client.
4The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and management
system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The keys are used to
encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients.
Figure 147 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example
WPA(2)-PSK Application Example
A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.
1First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist
of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters (including spaces and symbols).
2The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password
matches.
3The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not sent over
the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID.
4The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged
in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data exchanged
between them.
Appendix E Wireless LANs
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
216
Figure 148 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication
Security Parameters Summary
Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each authentication
method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you
configure these security features.
Antenna Overview
An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the
antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by
capturing RF signals from the air.
Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN.
Table 80 Wireless Security Relational Matrix
AUTHENTICATION METHOD/
KEY MANAGEMENT
PROTOCOL
ENCRYPTION
METHOD ENTER MANUAL
KEY IEEE 802.1X
Open None No Disable
Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Open WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Disable
Shared WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Disable
WPA TKIP/AES No Enable
WPA-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable
WPA2 TKIP/AES No Enable
WPA2-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable
Appendix E Wireless LANs
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
217
Antenna Characteristics
Frequency
An antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz or 5GHz is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless LAN
Radiation Pattern
A radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antenna’s coverage area.
Antenna Gain
Antenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width. Higher
antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications.
For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately 2.5%.
For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of approximately
5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment.
Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal power
compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna that
sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the antenna
provides.
Types of Antennas for WLAN
There are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications.
• Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The coverage
area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room environment. With a
wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage areas with multiple access
points.
• Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light from its
bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles typically range
from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional antennas are ideal for
hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications.
Positioning Antennas
In general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In
point-to–point application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to
each other to attain the best performance.
For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For omni-
directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP application,
place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible.
For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area.
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
218
APPENDIX F
Common Services
The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers.
For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/code numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet
Assigned Number Authority) web site.
•Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one,
if you like.
•Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service uses the
same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not
the port number.
•Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port
numbers.
•If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number.
•If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number.
•Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations in which
this service is used.
Table 81 Commonly Used Services
NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
AH (IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined 51 The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling
protocol uses this service.
AIM/New-ICQ TCP 5190 AOL’s Internet Messenger service. It is also used as a
listening port by ICQ.
AUTH TCP 113 Authentication protocol used by some servers.
BGP TCP 179 Border Gateway Protocol.
BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68 DHCP Client.
BOOTP_SERVER UDP 67 DHCP Server.
CU-SEEME TCP
UDP
7648
24032
A popular video conferencing solution from White
Pines Software.
DNS TCP/UDP 53 Domain Name Server, a service that matches web
names (for example www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers.
ESP (IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined 50 The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol)
tunneling protocol uses this service.
FINGER TCP 79 Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can
be used to find out if a user is logged on.
FTP TCP
TCP
20
21
File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast
transfer of files, including large files that may not be
possible by e-mail.
H.323 TCP 1720 NetMeeting uses this protocol.
HTTP TCP 80 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/server protocol
for the world wide web.
HTTPS TCP 443 HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-
commerce.
Appendix F Common Services
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
219
ICMP User-Defined 1Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for
diagnostic or routing purposes.
ICQ UDP 4000 This is a popular Internet chat program.
IGMP (MULTICAST) User-Defined 2Internet Group Management Protocol is used when
sending packets to a specific group of hosts.
IKE UDP 500 The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key
distribution and management.
IRC TCP/UDP 6667 This is another popular Internet chat program.
MSN Messenger TCP 1863 Microsoft Networks’ messenger service uses this
protocol.
NEW-ICQ TCP 5190 An Internet chat program.
NEWS TCP 144 A protocol for news groups.
NFS UDP 2049 Network File System - NFS is a client/server distributed
file service that provides transparent file sharing for
network environments.
NNTP TCP 119 Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery
mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service.
PING User-Defined 1Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out
ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote
host is reachable.
POP3 TCP 110 Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer
get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary
connection (TCP/IP or other).
PPTP TCP 1723 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure
transfer of data over public networks. This is the
control channel.
PPTP_TUNNEL (GRE) User-Defined 47 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables
secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the
data channel.
RCMD TCP 512 Remote Command Service.
REAL_AUDIO TCP 7070 A streaming audio service that enables real time
sound over the web.
REXEC TCP 514 Remote Execution Daemon.
RLOGIN TCP 513 Remote Login.
RTELNET TCP 107 Remote Telnet.
RTSP TCP/UDP 554 The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol
(RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the
Internet.
SFTP TCP 115 Simple File Transfer Protocol.
SMTP TCP 25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-
exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you
to move messages from one e-mail server to another.
SNMP TCP/UDP 161 Simple Network Management Program.
SNMP-TRAPS TCP/UDP 162 Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215).
SQL-NET TCP 1521 Structured Query Language is an interface to access
data on many different types of database systems,
including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX
systems and network servers.
SSH TCP/UDP 22 Secure Shell Remote Login Program.
Table 81 Commonly Used Services (continued)
NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
Appendix F Common Services
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
220
STRM WORKS UDP 1558 Stream Works Protocol.
SYSLOG UDP 514 Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server.
TACACS UDP 49 Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access
Controller Access Control System).
TELNET TCP 23 Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol
common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It
operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is
to allow users to log into remote host systems.
TFTP UDP 69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer
protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User
Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission
Control Protocol).
VDOLIVE TCP 7000 Another video conferencing solution.
Table 81 Commonly Used Services (continued)
NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
221
APPENDIX G
Legal Information
Copyright
Copyright © 2018 by Zyxel Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any
language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of Zyxel Communications Corporation.
Published by Zyxel Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
Zyxel does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any
license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. Zyxel further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein
without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.
Regulatory Notice and Statement
UNITED STATES of AMERICA
The following information applies if you use the product within USA area.
FCC EMC Statement
• The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
• Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the
device.
• This product has been tested and complies with the specifications for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and
can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used according to the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
• If this device does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which is found by turning the device off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna
• Increase the separation between the devices
• Connect the equipment to an outlet other than the receiver’s
• Consult a dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for assistance
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
• This device complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.
• This transmitter must be at least 20 cm from the user and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or
transmitter.
• Operation of this device is restricted to indoor use only, except for relevant user's manual mention that this device can be installed into the
external environment.
CANADA
The following information applies if you use the product within Canada area
Industry Canada ICES statement
ICAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B)
Industry Canada RSS-GEN & RSS-247 statement
• This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this
device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired
operation of the device.
Appendix G Legal Information
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
222
• This radio transmitter (2468C-NBG418NV2) has been approved by Industry Canada to operate with the antenna types listed below with the
maximum permissible gain and required antenna impedance for each antenna type indicated. Antenna types not included in this list,
having a gain greater than the maximum gain indicated for that type, are strictly prohibited for use with this device.
Antenna Information
If the product with 5G wireless function operating in 5150-5250 MHz and 5725-5850 MHz , the following attention must be paid,
• The device for operation in the band 5150-5250 MHz is only for indoor use to reduce the potential for harmful interference to co-channel
mobile satellite systems.
• For devices with detachable antenna(s), the maximum antenna gain permitted for devices in the band 5725-5850 MHz shall be such that the
equipment still complies with the e.i.r.p. limits specified for point-to-point and non-point-to-point operation as appropriate; and
• The worst-case tilt angle(s) necessary to remain compliant with the e.i.r.p. elevation mask requirement set forth in Section 6.2.2(3) of RSS 247
shall be clearly indicated.
If the product with 5G wireless function operating in 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz , the following attention must be paid.
• For devices with detachable antenna(s), the maximum antenna gain permitted for devices in the bands 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz
shall be such that the equipment still complies with the e.i.r.p. limit.
• Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L’exploitation est
autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) l’appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l’utilisateur de l’appareil doit accepter tout
brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.
• Le présent émetteur radio (2468C-NBG418NV2) de modèle s'il fait partie du matériel de catégorieI) a été approuvé par Industrie Canada
pour fonctionner avec les types d'antenne énumérés ci-dessous et ayant un gain admissible maximal et l'impédance requise pour chaque
type d'antenne. Les types d'antenne non inclus dans cette liste, ou dont le gain est supérieur au gain maximal indiqué, sont strictement
interdits pour l'exploitation de l'émetteur.
Informations Antenne
Lorsque la fonction sans fil 5G fonctionnant en5150-5250 MHz and 5725-5850 MHz est activée pour ce produit , il est nécessaire de porter une
attention particulière aux choses suivantes
• Les dispositifs fonctionnant dans la bande 5150-5250 MHz sont réservés uniquement pour une utilisation à l’intérieur afin de réduire les risques
de brouillage préjudiciable aux systèmes de satellites mobiles utilisant les mêmes canaux;
• Pour les dispositifs munis d’antennes amovibles, le gain maximal d'antenne permis (pour les dispositifs utilisant la bande de 5 725 à 5 850 MHz)
doit être conforme à la limite de la p.i.r.e. spécifiée pour l'exploitation point à point et l’exploitation non point à point, selon le cas;
• Les pires angles d’inclinaison nécessaires pour rester conforme à l’exigence de la p.i.r.e. applicable au masque d’élévation, et énoncée à la
section 6.2.2 3) du CNR-247, doivent être clairement indiqués.
Lorsque la fonction sans fil 5G fonctionnant en 5250-5350 MHz et 5470-5725 MHz est activée pour ce produit , il est nécessaire de porter une
attention particulière aux choses suivantes.
• Pour les dispositifs munis d’antennes amovibles, le gain maximal d'antenne permis pour les dispositifs utilisant les bandes de 5 250 à 5 350 MHz
et de 5 470 à 5 725 MHz doit être conforme à la limite de la p.i.r.e.
Industry Canada radiation exposure statement
This device complies with IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This device should be installed and operated
with a minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator and your body.
Déclaration d’exposition aux radiations:
Cet équipement est conforme aux limites d’exposition aux rayonnements IC établies pour un environnement non contrôlé. Cet équipement doit
être installé et utilisé avec un minimum de 20 cm de distance entre la source de rayonnement et votre corps.
NO. MODEL NAME TYPE MANUFACTURER GAIN CONNECTOR
1 HWY-24EL5B-106 Dipole Shenzhen
Hongweiyuan
5N/A
2 SSR-1308008 Dipole 5 N/A
NUMÉRO NOM DU MODÈLE TYPE FABRICANT GAIN CONNECTEUR
1 HWY-24EL5B-106 Dipole Shenzhen
Hongweiyuan
5N/A
2 SSR-1308008 Dipole 5 N/A
Appendix G Legal Information
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
223
EUROPEA N UNION
The following information applies if you use the product within the European Union.
Declaration of Conformity with Regard to EU Directive 2014/53/EU (Radio Equipment Directive, RED)
• Compliance information for 2.4GHz and/or 5GHz wireless products relevant to the EU and other Countries following the EU Directive 2014/53/
EU (RED). And this product may be used in all EU countries (and other countries following the EU Directive 2014/53/EU) without any limitation
except for the countries mentioned below table:
• In the majority of the EU and other European countries, the 5GHz bands have been made available for the use of wireless local area
networks (LANs). Later in this document you will find an overview of countries in which additional restrictions or requirements or both are
applicable. The requirements for any country may evolve. Zyxel recommends that you check with the local authorities for the latest status of
their national regulations for the 5GHz wireless LANs.
• If this device for operation in the band 5150-5350 MHz, it is for indoor use only.
• This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20cm between the radio equipment and your body.
• The maximum RF power operating for each band as follows:
• the band 2,400 to 2,483.5 MHz is 87.30 mW,
Български
(Bulgarian)
С настоящото Zyxel декларира, че това оборудване е в съответствие със съществените изисквания и другите
приложими разпоредбите на Директива 2014/53/ЕC.
National Restrictions
• The Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) must be notified of any outdoor wireless link
having a range exceeding 300 meters. Please check http://www.bipt.be for more details.
• Draadloze verbindingen voor buitengebruik en met een reikwijdte van meer dan 300 meter dienen aangemeld te
worden bij het Belgisch Instituut voor postdiensten en telecommunicatie (BIPT). Zie http://www.bipt.be voor meer
gegevens.
• Les liaisons sans fil pour une utilisation en extérieur d’une distance supérieure à 300 mètres doivent être notifiées à
l’Institut Belge des services Postaux et des Télécommunications (IBPT). Visitez http://www.ibpt.be pour de plus amples
détails.
Español
(Spanish)
Por medio de la presente Zyxel declara que el equipo cumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras
disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la Directiva 2014/53/UE..
Čeština
(Czech)
Zyxel tímto prohlašuje, že tento zařízení je ve shodě se základními požadavky a dalšími příslušnými ustanoveními směrnice
2014/53/EU.
Dansk (Danish) Undertegnede Zyxel erklærer herved, at følgende udstyr udstyr overholder de væsentlige krav og øvrige relevante krav i
direktiv 2014/53/EU.
National Restrictions
• In Denmark, the band 5150 - 5350 MHz is also allowed for outdoor usage.
• I Danmark må frekvensbåndet 5150 - 5350 også anvendes udendørs.
Deutsch
(German)
Hiermit erklärt Zyxel, dass sich das Gerät Ausstattung in Übereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen und den
übrigen einschlägigen Bestimmungen der Richtlinie 2014/53/EU befindet.
Eesti keel
(Estonian)
Käesolevaga kinnitab Zyxel seadme seadmed vastavust direktiivi 2014/53/EL põhinõuetele ja nimetatud direktiivist
tulenevatele teistele asjakohastele sätetele.
Ελληνικά
(Greek)
ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑ Zyxel ∆ΗΛΩΝΕΙ ΟΤΙ εξοπλισμός ΣΥΜΜΟΡΦΩΝΕΤΑΙ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΣ ΟΥΣΙΩ∆ΕΙΣ ΑΠΑΙΤΗΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΙΣ ΛΟΙΠΕΣ ΣΧΕΤΙΚΕΣ
∆ΙΑΤΑΞΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ Ο∆ΗΓΙΑΣ 2014/53/EE.
English Hereby, Zyxel declares that this device is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of
Directive 2014/53/EU.
Français
(French)
Par la présente Zyxel déclare que l'appareil équipements est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux autres dispositions
pertinentes de la directive 2014/53/UE.
Hrvatski
(Croatian)
Zyxel ovime izjavljuje da je radijska oprema tipa u skladu s Direktivom 2014/53/UE.
Íslenska
(Icelandic)
Hér með lýsir, Zyxel því yfir að þessi búnaður er í samræmi við grunnkröfur og önnur viðeigandi ákvæði tilskipunar 2014/53/
UE.
Italiano (Italian) Con la presente Zyxel dichiara che questo attrezzatura è conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti
stabilite dalla direttiva 2014/53/UE.
National Restrictions
• This product meets the National Radio Interface and the requirements specified in the National Frequency Allocation
Table for Italy. Unless this wireless LAN product is operating within the boundaries of the owner's property, its use requires
a “general authorization.” Please check http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ for more details.
• Questo prodotto è conforme alla specifiche di Interfaccia Radio Nazionali e rispetta il Piano Nazionale di ripartizione
delle frequenze in Italia. Se non viene installato all 'interno del proprio fondo, l'utilizzo di prodotti Wireless LAN richiede
una “Autorizzazione Generale”. Consultare http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ per maggiori dettagli.
Appendix G Legal Information
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
224
Notes:
• Although Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein are not EU member states, the EU Directive 2014/53/EU has also been implemented in those
countries.
• The regulatory limits for maximum output power are specified in EIRP. The EIRP level (in dBm) of a device can be calculated by adding the
gain of the antenna used (specified in dBi) to the output power available at the connector (specified in dBm).
Latviešu valoda
(Latvian)
Ar šo Zyxel deklarē, ka iekārtas atbilst Direktīvas 2014/53/ES būtiskajām prasībām un citiem ar to saistītajiem noteikumiem.
National Restrictions
• The outdoor usage of the 2.4 GHz band requires an authorization from the Electronic Communications Office. Please
check http://www.esd.lv for more details.
• 2.4 GHz frekvenèu joslas izmantoðanai ârpus telpâm nepiecieðama atïauja no Elektronisko sakaru direkcijas. Vairâk
informâcijas: http://www.esd.lv.
Lietuvių kalba
(Lithuanian)
Šiuo Zyxel deklaruoja, kad šis įranga atitinka esminius reikalavimus ir kitas 2014/53/ES Direktyvos nuostatas.
Magyar
(Hungarian)
Alulírott, Zyxel nyilatkozom, hogy a berendezés megfelel a vonatkozó alapvetõ követelményeknek és az 2014/53/EU
irányelv egyéb elõírásainak.
Malti (Maltese) Hawnhekk, Zyxel, jiddikjara li dan tagħmir jikkonforma mal-ħtiġijiet essenzjali u ma provvedimenti oħrajn relevanti li hemm
fid-Dirrettiva 2014/53/UE.
Nederlands
(Dutch)
Hierbij verklaart Zyxel dat het toestel uitrusting in overeenstemming is met de essentiële eisen en de andere relevante
bepalingen van richtlijn 2014/53/EU.
Polski (Polish) Niniejszym Zyxel oświadcza, że sprzęt jest zgodny z zasadniczymi wymogami oraz pozostałymi stosownymi postanowieniami
Dyrektywy 2014/53/UE.
Português
(Portuguese)
Zyxel declara que este equipamento está conforme com os requisitos essenciais e outras disposições da Directiva 2014/53/
UE.
Română
(Romanian)
Prin prezenta, Zyxel declară că acest echipament este în conformitate cu cerinţele esenţiale şi alte prevederi relevante ale
Directivei 2014/53/UE.
Slovenčina
(Slovak)
Zyxel týmto vyhlasuje, že zariadenia spĺňa základné požiadavky a všetky príslušné ustanovenia Smernice 2014/53/EÚ.
Slovenščina
(Slovene)
Zyxel izjavlja, da je ta oprema v skladu z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi relevantnimi določili direktive 2014/53/EU.
Suomi (Finnish) Zyxel vakuuttaa täten että laitteet tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 2014/53/EU oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien
direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen.
Svenska
(Swedish)
Härmed intygar Zyxel att denna utrustning står I överensstämmelse med de väsentliga egenskapskrav och övriga relevanta
bestämmelser som framgår av direktiv 2014/53/EU.
Norsk
(Norwegian)
Erklærer herved Zyxel at dette utstyret er I samsvar med de grunnleggende kravene og andre relevante bestemmelser I
direktiv 2014/53/EU.
Appendix G Legal Information
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
225
List of national codes
Safety Warnings
• Do not use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Do not expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do not store things on the device.
• Do not install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do not open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified
service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Do not remove the plug and connect it to a power outlet by itself; always attach the plug to the power adaptor first before connecting it to
a power outlet.
• Do not allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor
or cord.
• Please use the provided or designated connection cables/power cables/ adaptors. Connect it to the right supply voltage (for example,
110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe). If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, it might cause electrocution. Remove it from the
device and the power source, repairing the power adapter or cord is prohibited. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• CAUTION: Risk of explosion if battery is replaced by an incorrect type, dispose of used batteries according to the instruction. Dispose them at
the applicable collection point for the recycling of electrical and electronic devices. For detailed information about recycling of this
product, please contact your local city office, your household waste disposal service or the store where you purchased the product.
• Do not obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.
• The following warning statements apply, where the disconnect device is not incorporated in the device or where the plug on the power
supply cord is intended to serve as the disconnect device,
• For permanently connected devices, a readily accessible disconnect device shall be incorporated external to the device;
• For pluggable devices, the socket-outlet shall be installed near the device and shall be easily accessible.
Environment Statement
ErP (Energy-related Products)
Zyxel products put on the EU market in compliance with the requirement of the European Parliament and the Council published Directive 2009/
125/EC establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products (recast), so called as "ErP Directive
(Energy-related Products directive) as well as ecodesign requirement laid down in applicable implementing measures, power consumption has
satisfied regulation requirements which are:
Network standby power consumption < 8W, and/or
Off mode power consumption < 0.5W, and/or
Standby mode power consumption < 0.5W.
Wireless setting, please refer to "Wireless" chapter for more detail.
European Union - Disposal and Recycling Information
The symbol below means that according to local regulations your product and/or its battery shall be disposed of separately from domestic
waste. If this product is end of life, take it to a recycling station designated by local authorities. At the time of disposal, the separate collection of
your product and/or its battery will help save natural resources and ensure that the environment is sustainable development.
COUNTRY ISO 3166 2 LETTER CODE COUNTRY ISO 3166 2 LETTER CODE
Austria AT Liechtenstein LI
Belgium BE Lithuania LT
Bulgaria BG Luxembourg LU
Croatia HR Malta MT
Cyprus CY Netherlands NL
Czech Republic CZ Norway NO
Denmark DK Poland PL
Estonia EE Portugal PT
Finland FI Romania RO
France FR Serbia RS
Germany DE Slovakia SK
Greece GR Slovenia SI
Hungary HU Spain ES
Iceland IS Switzerland CH
Ireland IE Sweden SE
Italy IT Turkey TR
Latvia LV United Kingdom GB
Appendix G Legal Information
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
226
Die folgende Symbol bedeutet, dass Ihr Produkt und/oder seine Batterie gemäß den örtlichen Bestimmungen getrennt vom Hausmüll entsorgt
werden muss. Wenden Sie sich an eine Recyclingstation, wenn dieses Produkt das Ende seiner Lebensdauer erreicht hat. Zum Zeitpunkt der
Entsorgung wird die getrennte Sammlung von Produkt und/oder seiner Batterie dazu beitragen, natürliche Ressourcen zu sparen und die Umwelt
und die menschliche Gesundheit zu schützen.
El símbolo de abajo indica que según las regulaciones locales, su producto y/o su batería deberán depositarse como basura separada de la
doméstica. Cuando este producto alcance el final de su vida útil, llévelo a un punto limpio. Cuando llegue el momento de desechar el
producto, la recogida por separado éste y/o su batería ayudará a salvar los recursos naturales y a proteger la salud humana y
medioambiental.
Le symbole ci-dessous signifie que selon les réglementations locales votre produit et/ou sa batterie doivent être éliminés séparément des ordures
ménagères. Lorsque ce produit atteint sa fin de vie, amenez-le à un centre de recyclage. Au moment de la mise au rebut, la collecte séparée
de votre produit et/ou de sa batterie aidera à économiser les ressources naturelles et protéger l'environnement et la santé humaine.
Il simbolo sotto significa che secondo i regolamenti locali il vostro prodotto e/o batteria deve essere smaltito separatamente dai rifiuti domestici.
Quando questo prodotto raggiunge la fine della vita di servizio portarlo a una stazione di riciclaggio. Al momento dello smaltimento, la raccolta
separata del vostro prodotto e/o della sua batteria aiuta a risparmiare risorse naturali e a proteggere l'ambiente e la salute umana.
Symbolen innebär att enligt lokal lagstiftning ska produkten och/eller dess batteri kastas separat från hushållsavfallet. När den här produkten når
slutet av sin livslängd ska du ta den till en återvinningsstation. Vid tiden för kasseringen bidrar du till en bättre miljö och mänsklig hälsa genom att
göra dig av med den på ett återvinningsställe.
Appendix G Legal Information
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
227
Environmental Product Declaration
Appendix G Legal Information
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
228
台灣
以下訊息僅適用於產品具有無線功能且銷售至台灣地區
• 第十二條 經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司，商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。
• 第十四條 低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經發現有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。
• 前項合法通信，指依電信法規定作業之無線電通信。 低功率射頻電機須忍受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。
• 無線資訊傳輸設備忍受合法通信之干擾且不得干擾合法通信；如造成干擾，應立即停用， 俟無干擾之虞，始得繼續使用。
• 無線資訊傳設備的製造廠商應確保頻率穩定性，如依製造廠商使用手冊上所述正常操作， 發射的信號應維持於操作頻帶中
• 使用無線產品時，應避免影響附近雷達系統之操作。
• 若使用高增益指向性天線，該產品僅應用於固定式點對點系統。
以下訊息僅適用於產品屬於專業安裝並銷售至台灣地區
• 本器材須經專業工程人員安裝及設定，始得 設置使用，且不得直接販售給一般消費者
安全警告
為了您的安全，請先閱讀以下警告及指示 :
• 請勿將此產品接近水、火焰或放置在高溫的環境。
• 避免設備接觸任何液體 - 切勿讓設備接觸水、雨水、高濕度、污水腐蝕性的液體或其他水份。
• 灰塵及污物 - 切勿接觸灰塵、污物、沙土、食物或其他不合適的材料。
• 雷雨天氣時，不要安裝，使用或維修此設備。有遭受電擊的風險。
• 切勿重摔或撞擊設備，並勿使用不正確的電源變壓器。
• 若接上不正確的電源變壓器會有爆炸的風險。
• 請勿隨意更換產品內的電池。
• 如果更換不正確之電池型式，會有爆炸的風險，請依製造商說明書處理使用過之電池。
• 請將廢電池丟棄在適當的電器或電子設備回收處。
• 請勿將設備解體。
• 請勿阻礙設備的散熱孔，空氣對流不足將會造成設備損害。
• 請插在正確的電壓供給插座 ( 如 : 北美 / 台灣電壓 110V AC，歐洲是 230V AC)。
• 假若電源變壓器或電源變壓器的纜線損壞，請從插座拔除，若您還繼續插電使用，會有觸電死亡的風險。
• 請勿試圖修理電源變壓器或電源變壓器的纜線，若有毀損，請直接聯絡您購買的店家，購買一個新的電源變壓器。
• 請勿將此設備安裝於室外，此設備僅適合放置於室內。
• 請勿隨一般垃圾丟棄。
• 請參閱產品背貼上的設備額定功率。
• 請參考產品型錄或是彩盒上的作業溫度。
• 產品沒有斷電裝置或者採用電源線的插頭視為斷電裝置的一部分，以下警語將適用 :
- 對永久連接之設備， 在設備外部須安裝可觸及之斷電裝置；
- 對插接式之設備， 插座必須接近安裝之地點而且是易於觸及的。
Viewing Certifications
Go to http://www.zyxel.com to view this product’s documentation and certifications.
Zyxel Limited Warranty
Zyxel warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in material or workmanship for a specific period (the
Warranty Period) from the date of purchase. The Warranty Period varies by region. Check with your vendor and/or the authorized Zyxel local
distributor for details about the Warranty Period of this product. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product
have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, Zyxel will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or
components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to
proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value,
and will be solely at the discretion of Zyxel. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by
an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties,
express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. Zyxel shall in no event be held
liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought the
device at http://www.zyxel.com/web/support_warranty_info.php.
Registration
Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at
www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
Open Source Licenses
This product contains in part some free software distributed under GPL license terms and/or GPL like licenses. Open source licenses are provided
with the firmware package. You can download the latest firmware at www.zyxel.com. To obtain the source code covered under those Licenses,
please contact support@zyxel.com.tw to get it.
Index
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
229
Index
A
Address Assignment 77
Advanced Encryption Standard
See AES.
AES 213
Alert 139
alternative subnet mask notation 162
antenna
directional 217
gain 217
omni-directional 217
AP (access point) 207
AP Mode
menu 34, 38
overview 28
status screen 30, 36, 39, 43
B
Backup configuration 143
Basic Service Set, See BSS 205
BSS 205
C
CA 212
Certificate Authority
See CA.
certifications 225
viewing 228
Channel 31, 37, 40
channel 62, 207
interference 207
Client table 32
Configuration
backup 143
reset the factory defaults 144
restore 143
contact information 154
copyright 221
CTS (Clear to Send) 208
customer support 154
D
Daylight saving 138
DDNS
service providers 112
device mode 11, 28
DHCP 99
see also Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHCP client information 101
DHCP client list 101
DHCP server 97, 99
DHCP table 101
disclaimer 221
DNS 97
DNS server
see also Domain name system
DNS Server 77
Domain name 20
vs host name. see also system name
Domain Name System. See DNS.
Dynamic DNS 112
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 99
dynamic WEP key exchange 212
DynDNS 112
DynDNS see also DDNS 112
E
EAP Authentication 211
encryption 63, 213
key 63
Index
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
230
ESS 206
ESSID 153
Extended Service Set, See ESS 206
F
Factory LAN defaults 99
Firewall
ICMP packets 118, 120
Zyxel device firewall 117
firewall
stateful inspection 116
Firmware upload 141
file extension
using HTTP
firmware version 31, 37, 40, 44
fragmentation threshold 208
G
General wireless LAN screen 63
H
hidden node 207
I
IANA 166, 167
IBSS 205
IEEE 802.11g 209
Independent Basic Service Set
See IBSS 205
initialization vector (IV) 213
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
See IANA 166
Internet connection
Ethernet
PPPoE. see also PPP over Ethernet
PPTP
WAN connection
Internet connection wizard 26
IP Address 84, 98, 106
IP address 97
dynamic
IP Pool 100
L
LAN 96
IP pool setup 98
LAN overview 96
LAN setup 96
LAN TCP/IP 98
Language 148
Local Area Network 96
Log 139
M
MAC 68
MAC address 62, 77
cloning 77
MAC address filter 62
MAC address filtering 68
MAC filter 68
managing the device
good habits 12
MBSSID 62
Media access control 68
Message Integrity Check (MIC) 213
mode 11
Multiple BSS, see MBSSID
N
NAT 103, 106, 166
global 104
how it works 103, 105
inside 104
local 104
Index
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
231
outside 104
overview 103
port forwarding 109
see also Network Address Translation
server 104
server sets 109
NAT traversal 125
Navigation Panel 34, 38, 41, 44
navigation panel 34, 38, 41, 44
Network Address Translation 103, 106
O
operating mode 11
operation mode 28, 146
access point 28
client 29
router 28
universal repeater 29
overview 11
P
Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 213, 215
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 21, 79
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 22, 81
Pool Size 100
Port forwarding 106, 109
default server 106, 109
example 109
local server 106
port numbers
services
Port Trigger 107
PPPoE 21, 79
benefits 21
dial-up connection
see also Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 21
PPTP 22, 81
see also Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 22
preamble mode 209
PSK 214
Q
Quality of Service (QoS) 69
R
RADIUS 210
message types 211
messages 211
shared secret key 211
Remote management
and NAT 123
and the firewall 122
limitations 123
system timeout 123
Reset button 18, 144
Reset the device 18
Restore configuration 143
Roaming 69
RTS (Request To Send) 208
threshold 207, 208
RTS/CTS Threshold 61, 69
S
Scheduling 71
screw anchor 14
Service Set 65
Service Set IDentification 64, 65, 74
Service Set IDentity. See SSID.
SSID 31, 37, 62, 64, 65, 74
MBSSID 62
stateful inspection firewall 116
Static DHCP 100
Static Route 114
subnet 160
Subnet Mask 98
subnet mask 97, 161
subnetting 162
Summary
Packet statistics 33
Sys Op Mode 146
Index
NBG-418N v2 User’s Guide
232
System General Setup 133, 134, 136
System Name 137
System restart 144
T
TCP/IP configuration 99
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) 213
Time setting 137
trigger port 110
Trigger port forwarding 110
example 110
process 110
U
Universal Plug and Play 125
application 125
universal repeater 11
UPnP 125
example 132
installation 132
security issues 125
V
VPN 81
W
wall mounting 14
WAN (Wide Area Network) 76
WAN MAC address 77
warranty 228
note 228
Web Configurator
how to access 16
Overview 16
WEP Encryption 67
WEP encryption 66
WEP key 66
Wi-Fi Protected Access 213
wireless channel 153
wireless client WPA supplicants 214
wireless LAN 153
MBSSID 62
wireless LAN scheduling 71
Wireless LAN wizard 24
Wireless network
basic guidelines 61
channel 62
encryption 63
example 60
MAC address filter 62
overview 60
security 62
SSID 62
Wireless security 62
overview 62
type 62
wireless security 153, 209
Wireless tutorial 46
WPS 46
Wizard setup 19
complete 26
Internet connection 26
wireless LAN 24
WLAN
interference 207
security parameters 216
WPA 213
key caching 214
pre-authentication 214
user authentication 214
vs WPA-PSK 214
wireless client supplicant 214
with RADIUS application example 214
WPA2 213
user authentication 214
vs WPA2-PSK 214
wireless client supplicant 214
with RADIUS application example 214
WPA2-Pre-Shared Key 213
WPA2-PSK 213, 214
application example 215
WPA-PSK 213, 214
application example 215
