Table of Contents
- AMG1302-T11C
- User’s Guide
- Introduction
- Introducing the Web Configurator
- Quick Start Wizard
- Tutorials
- 4.1 Overview
- 4.2 Setting Up Your DSL Connection
- 4.3 IPv6 Address Configuration
- 4.4 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network
- 4.5 Configuring the MAC Address Filter for Restricting Wireless Internet Access
- 4.6 Setting Up NAT Forwarding for a Game Server
- 4.7 Configuring Firewall Rules to Allow a Specified Service
- 4.8 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network
- 4.9 Port Binding Configuration
- 4.10 Configuring QoS to Prioritize Traffic
- 4.11 Access the AMG1302-T11C from the Internet Using DDNS
- Technical Reference
- Connection Status and System Info Screens
- Broadband
- Wireless LAN
- Home Networking
- Static Route
- Quality of Service (QoS)
- Network Address Translation (NAT)
- Port Binding
- Dynamic DNS Setup
- Filters
- Firewall
- Parental Control
- Certificate
- Logs
- Traffic Status
- User Account
- TR-069 Client
- System Settings
- Time Setting
- Log Setting
- Firmware Upgrade
- Backup/Restore and Reboot
- Remote Management
- Diagnostic
- Troubleshooting
- Customer Support
- Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
- IP Addresses and Subnetting
- Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
- Wireless LANs
- IPv6
- Services
- Legal Information
- Index
Zyxel AMG1302-T11C User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for AMG1302-T11C by Zyxel which is a product in the Gateways/Controllers category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
Quick Start Guide
www.zyxel.com
AMG1302-T11C
Wireless N ADSL2+ Gateway
Version 3.00(ABCG.0)
Edition 1, 03/2016
Copyright © 2016 ZyXEL Communications Corporation
User’s Guide
Default Login Details
LAN IP Address http://192.168.1.1
User Name admin
Password 1234
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
2
IMPORTANT!
READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE.
KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
Screenshots and graphics in this book may differ slightly from your product due to differences in
your product firmware or your computer operating system. Every effort has been made to ensure
that the information in this manual is accurate.
Related Documentation
•Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide shows how to connect the AMG1302-T11C and access the Web
Configurator. It contains information on setting up your wireless network.
•More Information
Go to support.zyxel.com to find other information on the AMG1302-T11C.
Contents Overview
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Contents Overview
User’ s Guide .................................................................................................... .......... .........................12
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................13
Introducing the Web Configurator ...........................................................................................................18
Quick Start Wizard .................................................................................................................................. 25
Tutorials ..................................................................................................................................................32
Technical Reference ..........................................................................................................................60
Connection Status and System Info Screens ..........................................................................................61
Broadband ...............................................................................................................................................67
Wireless LAN ..........................................................................................................................................87
Home Networking .................................................................................................................................. 118
Static Route ...........................................................................................................................................132
Quality of Service (QoS) .......................................................................................................................137
Network Address Translation (NAT) ......................................................................................................148
Port Binding ...........................................................................................................................................158
Dynamic DNS Setup .............................................................................................................................161
Filters ....................................................................................................................................................163
Firewall ..................................................................................................................................................165
Parental Control ....................................................................................................................................181
Certificate ..............................................................................................................................................184
Logs .....................................................................................................................................................189
Traffic Status .........................................................................................................................................191
User Account .........................................................................................................................................194
TR-069 Client ........................................................................................................................................195
System Settings ....................................................................................................................................198
Time Setting ..........................................................................................................................................199
Log Setting ...........................................................................................................................................201
Firmware Upgrade ................................................................................................................................205
Backup/Restore and Reboot .................................................................................................................207
Remote Management ............................................................................................................................210
Diagnostic .............................................................................................................................................217
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................................220
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Table of Contents
Contents Overview ..............................................................................................................................3
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................4
Part I: User’s Guide .........................................................................................12
Chapter 1
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................13
1.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................13
1.2 Ways to Manage the AMG1302-T11C ..............................................................................................13
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the AMG1302-T11C ...............................................................................13
1.4 Applications for the AMG1302-T11C .................................................................................................13
1.4.1 Internet Access ........................................................................................................................14
1.4.2 Wireless Access ......................................................................................................................14
1.5 LED (Lights) ......................................................................................................................................15
1.6 Using the WPS Button ......................................................................................................................16
1.7 The RESET Button ............................................................................................................................16
1.7.1 Using the Reset Button ............................................................................................................17
1.8 Ways to Manage the AMG1302-T11C .............................................................................................17
Chapter 2
Introducing the Web Configurator ....................................................................................................18
2.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................18
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................18
2.2 The Web Configurator Layout ...........................................................................................................21
2.2.1 Title Bar ...................................................................................................................................21
2.2.2 Main Window ...........................................................................................................................22
2.2.3 Navigation Panel .....................................................................................................................22
Chapter 3
Quick Start Wizard..............................................................................................................................25
3.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................25
3.2 Quick Start Setup ..............................................................................................................................25
Chapter 4
Tutorials...............................................................................................................................................32
4.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................32
4.2 Setting Up Your DSL Connection ......................................................................................................32
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4.3 IPv6 Address Configuration ..............................................................................................................35
4.4 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network .............................................................................................35
4.4.1 Configuring the Wireless Network Settings .............................................................................36
4.4.2 Using WPS ..............................................................................................................................37
4.4.3 Connecting Wirelessly to your AMG1302-T11C ......................................................................41
4.5 Configuring the MAC Address Filter for Restricting Wireless Internet Access ..................................43
4.6 Setting Up NAT Forwarding for a Game Server ................................................................................44
4.6.1 Port Forwarding .......................................................................................................................45
4.7 Configuring Firewall Rules to Allow a Specified Service ...................................................................46
4.8 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network .................................................................49
4.9 Port Binding Configuration ................................................................................................................51
4.9.1 Configuring ATM QoS for Multiple WAN Connections .............................................................51
4.9.2 Configuring Port Binding ..........................................................................................................54
4.10 Configuring QoS to Prioritize Traffic ................................................................................................55
4.11 Access the AMG1302-T11C from the Internet Using DDNS ...........................................................58
4.11.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org ................................................................58
4.11.2 Configuring DDNS on Your AMG1302-T11C .........................................................................59
4.11.3 Testing the DDNS Setting ......................................................................................................59
Part II: Technical Reference............................................................................60
Chapter 5
Connection Status and System Info Screens ..................................................................................61
5.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................61
5.2 The Connection Status Screen .........................................................................................................61
5.3 The System Info Screen ....................................................................................................................62
Chapter 6
Broadband...........................................................................................................................................67
6.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................67
6.1.1 What You Can Do in the WAN Screens ...................................................................................67
6.1.2 What You Need to Know About WAN ......................................................................................67
6.1.3 Before You Begin .....................................................................................................................68
6.2 The Internet Connection Screen .......................................................................................................68
6.2.1 Advanced Setup ......................................................................................................................74
6.3 The More Connections Screen .........................................................................................................76
6.3.1 More Connections Edit ............................................................................................................77
6.3.2 Configuring More Connections Advanced Setup .....................................................................81
6.4 WAN Technical Reference ................................................................................................................82
6.4.1 Encapsulation ..........................................................................................................................82
6.4.2 Multiplexing ..............................................................................................................................83
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6.4.3 VPI and VCI .............................................................................................................................83
6.4.4 IP Address Assignment ...........................................................................................................83
6.4.5 Nailed-Up Connection (PPP) ...................................................................................................84
6.4.6 NAT ..........................................................................................................................................84
6.5 Traffic Shaping ..................................................................................................................................84
6.5.1 ATM Traffic Classes .................................................................................................................85
Chapter 7
Wireless LAN.......................................................................................................................................87
7.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................87
7.1.1 What You Can Do in the Wireless LAN Screens .....................................................................87
7.1.2 What You Need to Know About Wireless ................................................................................88
7.1.3 Before You Start .......................................................................................................................88
7.2 The General Screen ..........................................................................................................................88
7.2.1 No Security ..............................................................................................................................90
7.2.2 Basic (WEP Encryption) ..........................................................................................................90
7.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK) ....................................................................................................92
7.2.4 WPA(2) Authentication .............................................................................................................93
7.3 The More/guest AP Screen ...............................................................................................................94
7.3.1 More/guest AP Edit ..................................................................................................................95
7.4 The MAC Authentication Screen .......................................................................................................96
7.4.1 MAC Address Add/Edit ...........................................................................................................97
7.5 The WPS Screen ..............................................................................................................................98
7.6 The WDS Screen ............................................................................................................................100
7.7 The WMM Screen ...........................................................................................................................101
7.8 The Scheduling Screen ...................................................................................................................102
7.8.1 Scheduling Rule Add/Edit ......................................................................................................103
7.9 The Advanced Screen .....................................................................................................................103
7.10 Wireless LAN Technical Reference ...............................................................................................105
7.10.1 Wireless Network Overview .................................................................................................105
7.10.2 Additional Wireless Terms ...................................................................................................107
7.10.3 Wireless Security Overview .................................................................................................107
7.10.4 Signal Problems ..................................................................................................................109
7.10.5 BSS ..................................................................................................................................... 110
7.10.6 MBSSID ............................................................................................................................... 110
7.10.7 Wireless Distribution System (WDS) ................................................................................... 111
7.10.8 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) ............................................................................................... 111
Chapter 8
Home Networking .............................................................................................................................118
8.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 118
8.1.1 What You Can Do in the LAN Screens .................................................................................. 118
8.1.2 What You Need To Know ....................................................................................................... 118
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8.1.3 Before You Begin ...................................................................................................................120
8.2 The LAN Setup Screen ...................................................................................................................120
8.3 The Static DHCP Screen .................................................................................................................122
8.4 The IP Alias Screen ........................................................................................................................123
8.4.1 Configuring the LAN IP Alias Screen .....................................................................................123
8.5 The UPnP Screen ...........................................................................................................................124
8.6 The IPv6 LAN Setup Screen ...........................................................................................................124
8.7 Home Networking Technical Reference ..........................................................................................128
8.7.1 LANs, WANs and the AMG1302-T11C ..................................................................................128
8.7.2 DHCP Setup ..........................................................................................................................128
8.7.3 DNS Server Addresses .........................................................................................................129
8.7.4 LAN TCP/IP ...........................................................................................................................129
8.7.5 RIP Setup ..............................................................................................................................130
8.7.6 Multicast ................................................................................................................................131
Chapter 9
Static Route.......................................................................................................................................132
9.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................132
9.1.1 What You Can Do in the Static Route Screens ......................................................................133
9.2 The Static Route Screen .................................................................................................................133
9.2.1 Static Route Add/Edit ...........................................................................................................133
9.3 IPv6 Static Route .............................................................................................................................134
9.3.1 IPv6 Static Route Edit ..........................................................................................................135
Chapter 10
Quality of Service (QoS)...................................................................................................................137
10.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................137
10.1.1 What You Can Do in the QoS Screens ................................................................................137
10.1.2 What You Need to Know About QoS ...................................................................................138
10.2 The Quality of Service General Screen .........................................................................................138
10.3 The Queue Screen ........................................................................................................................139
10.3.1 Adding a QoS Queue .........................................................................................................140
10.4 The Class Setup Screen ..............................................................................................................141
10.4.1 Class Setup Add/Edit ...........................................................................................................141
10.5 The QoS Game List Screen .........................................................................................................145
10.6 QoS Technical Reference .............................................................................................................146
10.6.1 IEEE 802.1p ........................................................................................................................146
10.6.2 IP Precedence .....................................................................................................................146
10.6.3 Automatic Priority Queue Assignment .................................................................................147
Chapter 11
Network Address Translation (NAT)................................................................................................148
11.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................148
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11.1.1 What You Can Do in the NAT Screens ................................................................................148
11.1.2 What You Need To Know About NAT ...................................................................................148
11.2 The NAT General Screen ..............................................................................................................149
11.3 The Port Forwarding Screen .........................................................................................................150
11.3.1 Configuring the Port Forwarding Screen ..............................................................................150
11.3.2 Port Forwarding Rule Add/Edit ............................................................................................151
11.4 The DMZ Screen ...........................................................................................................................153
11.5 The ALG Screen ............................................................................................................................153
11.6 NAT Technical Reference ..............................................................................................................154
11.6.1 NAT Definitions ....................................................................................................................154
11.6.2 What NAT Does ...................................................................................................................154
11.6.3 How NAT Works ...................................................................................................................155
11.6.4 NAT Application ...................................................................................................................155
11.6.5 NAT Mapping Types .............................................................................................................156
Chapter 12
Port Binding ......................................................................................................................................158
12.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................158
12.1.1 What You Can Do in the Port Binding Screens ...................................................................159
12.2 The Port Binding Screen ...............................................................................................................159
12.2.1 Port Binding Summary Screen ............................................................................................160
Chapter 13
Dynamic DNS Setup .........................................................................................................................161
13.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................161
13.1.1 What You Can Do in the DDNS Screen ...............................................................................161
13.1.2 What You Need To Know About DDNS ...............................................................................161
13.2 The Dynamic DNS Screen ............................................................................................................161
Chapter 14
Filters.................................................................................................................................................163
14.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................163
14.1.1 What You Can Do in the Filter Screens ...............................................................................163
14.2 The Filter Screen ...........................................................................................................................163
Chapter 15
Firewall ..............................................................................................................................................165
15.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................165
15.1.1 What You Can Do in the Firewall Screens ...........................................................................165
15.1.2 What You Need to Know About Firewall ..............................................................................166
15.2 The Firewall General Screen ........................................................................................................167
15.3 The Default Action Screen ............................................................................................................168
15.4 The Rules Screen .........................................................................................................................169
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15.4.1 The Rules Add Screen ........................................................................................................170
15.4.2 Customized Services ..........................................................................................................172
15.4.3 Customized Service Add/Edit .............................................................................................173
15.5 The DoS Screen ............................................................................................................................174
15.5.1 The DoS Advanced Screen .................................................................................................174
15.5.2 Configuring Firewall Thresholds ..........................................................................................175
15.6 Firewall Technical Reference ........................................................................................................176
15.6.1 Firewall Rules Overview ......................................................................................................176
15.6.2 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall .......................................................178
15.6.3 Security Considerations .......................................................................................................178
15.6.4 Triangle Route .....................................................................................................................178
Chapter 16
Parental Control................................................................................................................................181
16.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................181
16.2 The Parental Control Screen .........................................................................................................181
16.2.1 Add/Edit Parental Control Rule ............................................................................................182
Chapter 17
Certificate ..........................................................................................................................................184
17.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................184
17.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................184
17.2 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................184
17.3 Local Certificates ...........................................................................................................................184
17.4 The Trusted CA Screen ................................................................................................................186
17.5 Trusted CA Import .......................................................................................................................187
17.6 View Certificate .............................................................................................................................188
Chapter 18
Logs ..................................................................................................................................................189
18.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................189
18.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................189
18.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................189
18.2 The System Log Screen ................................................................................................................190
Chapter 19
Traffic Status.....................................................................................................................................191
19.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................191
19.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................191
19.2 The WAN Status Screen ...............................................................................................................191
19.3 The LAN Status Screen .................................................................................................................192
19.4 The NAT Screen ............................................................................................................................193
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Chapter 20
User Account ....................................................................................................................................194
20.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................194
20.2 The User Account Screen .............................................................................................................194
Chapter 21
TR-069 Client.....................................................................................................................................195
21.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................195
21.2 The TR-069 Client Screen ............................................................................................................195
Chapter 22
System Settings................................................................................................................................198
22.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................198
22.1.1 What You Can Do in the System Settings Screens .............................................................198
22.2 The System Screen .......................................................................................................................198
Chapter 23
Time Setting ......................................................................................................................................199
23.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................199
23.2 The Time Setting Screen .............................................................................................................199
Chapter 24
Log Setting .......................................................................................................................................201
24.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................201
24.2 The Log Setting Screen ................................................................................................................201
24.2.1 Example E-mail Log ............................................................................................................204
Chapter 25
Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................................................................205
25.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................205
25.2 The Firmware Screen ....................................................................................................................205
Chapter 26
Backup/Restore and Reboot............................................................................................................207
26.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................207
26.2 The Backup/Restore Screen .........................................................................................................207
26.3 The Reboot Screen .......................................................................................................................209
Chapter 27
Remote Management........................................................................................................................210
27.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................210
27.1.1 What You Can Do in the Remote Management Screens ....................................................210
27.1.2 What You Need to Know About Remote Management ........................................................ 211
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27.2 The Remote MGMT Screen .......................................................................................................... 211
27.3 The SNMP Screen ........................................................................................................................212
27.3.1 Configuring SNMP ...............................................................................................................213
27.4 The Trust Domain Screen .............................................................................................................214
27.4.1 The Add Trust Domain Screen ............................................................................................215
Chapter 28
Diagnostic .........................................................................................................................................217
28.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................217
28.1.1 What You Can Do in the Diagnostic Screens ......................................................................217
28.2 The General Screen ......................................................................................................................217
28.3 The DSL Line Screen ....................................................................................................................218
Chapter 29
Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................220
29.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ....................................................................................220
29.2 AMG1302-T11C Access and Login ...............................................................................................221
29.3 Internet Access .............................................................................................................................223
Appendix A Customer Support ........................................................................................................225
Appendix B Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address.......................................................................231
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting.......................................................................................251
Appendix D Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions .................................................259
Appendix E Wireless LANs..............................................................................................................266
Appendix F IPv6 ..............................................................................................................................279
Appendix G Services .......................................................................................................................289
Appendix H Legal Information .........................................................................................................293
Index ..................................................................................................................................................301
12
PART I
User’s Guide
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
13
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1.1 Overview
The AMG1302-T11C is an ADSL2+ router. By integrating DSL and NAT, you are provided with ease
of installation and high-speed, shared Internet access. The AMG1302-T11C is also a complete
security solution with a robust firewall and content filtering.
Only use firmware for your AMG1302-T11C’ s specific model. Refer to the
label on the bottom of your AMG1302-T11C.
1.2 Ways to Manage the AMG1302-T11C
Use any of the following methods to manage the AMG1302-T11C.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the AMG1302-T11C using a
(supported) web browser.
• FTP for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore.
• TR-069. This is an auto-configuration server used to remotely configure your device.
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the AMG1302-T11C
Do the following things regularly to make the AMG1302-T11C more secure and to manage the
AMG1302-T11C more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different
types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier
working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you
forget your password, you will have to reset the AMG1302-T11C to its factory default settings. If
you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the
AMG1302-T11C. You could simply restore your last configuration.
1.4 Applications for the AMG1302-T11C
Here are some example uses for which the AMG1302-T11C is well suited.
Chapter 1 Introduction
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
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1.4.1 Internet Access
Your AMG1302-T11C provides shared Internet access by connecting the DSL port to the DSL or
MODEM jack on a splitter or your telephone jack. Computers can connect to the AMG1302-T11C’s
Ethernet ports (or wirelessly).
Figure 1 AMG1302-T11C’s Router Features
You can also configure firewall and filtering feature on the AMG1302-T11C for secure Internet
access. When the firewall is on, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked
unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network
are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files.
Use the filtering feature to block access to specific web sites or Internet applications such as MSN or
Yahoo Messenger. You can also configure IP/MAC filtering rules for incoming or outgoing traffic.
Use QoS to efficiently manage traffic on your network by giving priority to certain types of traffic
and/or to particular computers. For example, you could make sure that the AMG1302-T11C gives
voice over Internet calls high priority, and/or limit bandwidth devoted to the boss’s excessive file
downloading.
1.4.2 Wireless Access
The ZyXEL device is a wireless Access Point (AP) for IEEE 802.11b/g/n compliant clients, such as
notebook computers or PDAs and iPads. It allows them to connect to the Internet without having to
rely on inconvenient Ethernet cables. You can set up a wireless network with WPS (WiFi Protected
Setup) or manually add a client to your wireless network.
Figure 2 Wireless Access Example
DSL
LAN WAN
Chapter 1 Introduction
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
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1.5 LED (Lights)
The following graphic displays the labels of the LEDs.
Figure 3 LEDs on the AMG1302-T11C
The following table describes the LEDs..
Table 1 LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
POWER
Green On The AMG1302-T11C is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking The AMG1302-T11C is self-testing.
Red On The AMG1302-T11C detected an error while self-testing, or there
is a device malfunction.
Off The AMG1302-T11C is not receiving power.
Ethernet 1-4
Green On The AMG1302-T11C has an Ethernet connection with a device on
the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking The AMG1302-T11C is sending/receiving data to /from the LAN.
Off The AMG1302-T11C does not have an Ethernet connection with
the LAN.
WLAN
Green On The wireless network is activated.
Blinking The AMG1302-T11C is communicating with other wireless clients.
Off The wireless network is not activated.
WPS
Green Blinking The AMG1302-T11C is setting up a WPS connection.
On The WPS connection is successfully made. The LED turns off after
two minuters.
Off WPS is disabled.
DSL
Green On The DSL line is up.
Blinking The AMG1302-T11C is initializing the DSL line.
Off The DSL line is down.
INTERNET
Green On The AMG1302-T11C has an IP connection but no traffic.
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a
DHCP server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if
used) and the DSL connection is up.
Blinking The AMG1302-T11C is sending or receiving IP traffic.
Red On The AMG1302-T11C attempted to make an IP connection but
failed. Possible causes are no response from a DHCP server, no
PPPoE response, PPPoE authentication failed.
Off The AMG1302-T11C does not have an IP connection.
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AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
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1.6 Using the WPS Button
You can also use the WPS button to quickly set up a secure wireless connection between the
AMG1302-T11C and a WPS-compatible client by adding one device at a time.
To activate WPS:
1Make sure the POWER LED is on and not blinking.
2Press the WPS button for 1-5 seconds and release it. See below for WPS button location.
3Press the WPS button on another WPS-enabled device within range of the AMG1302-T11C. The
WPS LED should flash while the AMG1302-T11C sets up a WPS connection with the other wireless
device.
4Once the connection is successfully made, the WPS LED becomes static green and turns off after
two minutes.
1.7 The RESET Button
If you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will need to use the RESET
button at the back of the device to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you
will lose all configurations that you had previously and the user name and password will be reset to
the default.
WPS
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1.7.1 Using the Reset Button
1Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).
2To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for ten seconds or
until the POWER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the POWER LED begins to blink,
the defaults have been restored and the device restarts.
1.8 Ways to Manage the AMG1302-T11C
Use any of the following methods to manage the AMG1302-T11C.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the AMG1302-T11C using a
(supported) web browser.
• FTP for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore.
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
18
CHAPTER 2
Introducing the Web Configurator
2.1 Overview
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy device setup and
management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 8.0 and later versions, Mozilla Firefox 3
and later versions, or Safari 2.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by
768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator, you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in
Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
See Appendix D on page 259 if you need to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet
Explorer.
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator
1Make sure your AMG1302-T11C hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start Guide).
2Launch your web browser.
3Type "192.168.1.1" as the URL.
4A password screen displays. Type “admin” (default) as the username and “1234” as the password,
and click Login. If you have changed the password, enter your password and click Login.
Figure 4 Password Screen
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Note: For security reasons, the AMG1302-T11C automatically logs you out if you do not
use the web configurator for five minutes (default). If this happens, log in again.
5The following screen displays if you have not yet changed your password. It is strongly
recommended you change the default password. Enter a new password, retype it to confirm and
click Apply.
Figure 5 Change Password Screen
6The Quick Start Wizard screen appears. You can configure basic Internet access, and wireless
settings. See Chapter 3 on page 25 for more information.
7After you finished or closed the Quick Start Wizard screen, the Connection Status page
appears.
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Figure 6 Connection Status
8Click System Info to display the System Info screen, where you can view the AMG1302-T11C’s
interface and system information.
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2.2 The Web Configurator Layout
Click Connection Status > System Info to show the following screen.
Figure 7 Web Configurator Layout Screen
As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:
•A - title bar
•B - main window
•C - navigation panel
2.2.1 Title Bar
The title bar shows the following icon in the upper right corner.
Click this icon to log out of the web configurator.
A
B
C
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2.2.2 Main Window
The main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of this
document.
After you click System Info on the Connection Status screen, the System Info screen is
displayed. See Chapter 5 on page 62 for more information about the System Info screen.
If you click LAN Device on the System Info screen, the Connection Status screen appears. See
Chapter 5 on page 61 for more information about the Connection Status screen.
2.2.3 Navigation Panel
Use the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure AMG1302-T11C features.
The following table describes each menu item.
Table 2 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Connection Status This screen shows the network status of the AMG1302-T11C and
computers/devices connected to it.
Network Setting
Broadband Internet
Connections
Use this screen to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address
assignment, DNS servers and other advanced properties.
More Connections Use this screen to configure additional WAN connections.
This screen is not available when the Line Type is set to
Ethernet(ETH1) in the Internet Connection screen.
Wireless General Use this screen to turn the wireless connection on or off, specify
the SSID(s) and configure the wireless LAN settings and WLAN
authentication/security settings.
More/guest AP Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the AMG1302-T11C.
MAC
Authentication Use this screen to block or allow wireless traffic from wireless
devices of certain SSIDs and MAC addresses to the AMG1302-
T11C.
WPS Use this screen to use WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) to establish a
wireless connection.
WDS Use this screen to set up Wireless Distribution System (WDS) links
to other access points.
WMM Use this screen to enable or disable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM).
Scheduling Use this screen to configure when the AMG1302-T11C enables or
disables the wireless LAN.
Advanced Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings such as
output power.
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Home
Networking LAN Setup Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP settings, and other
advanced properties.
Static DHCP Use this screen to assign specific IP addresses to individual MAC
addresses.
IP Alias Use this screen to partition your LAN interface into different logical
networks.
UPnP Use this screen to enable the UPnP function.
IPv6 LAN Setup Use this screen to configure the IPv6 settings on the AMG1302-
T11C’s LAN interface.
Static Route Static Route Use this screen to view and set up static routes on the AMG1302-
T11C.
IPv6 Static Route Use this screen to configure IPv6 static routes.
QoS General Use this screen to enable QoS and decide allowable bandwidth
using QoS.
Queue Setup Use this screen to configure QoS queue assignment.
Class Setup Use this screen to set up classifiers to sort traffic into different
flows and assign priority and define actions to be performed for a
classified traffic flow.
Game List Use this screen to give priority to traffic for specific games.
NAT General Use this screen to activate/deactivate NAT.
Port Forwarding Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside
world.
DMZ Use this screen to configure a default server which receives
packets from ports that are not specified in the Port Forwarding
screen.
ALG Use this screen to enable or disable SIP ALG.
Port Binding Port Binding Use this screen to activate/deactivate port binding, configure and
view port binding groups.
Dynamic DNS Dynamic DNS Use this screen to allow a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP
address.
Security
Filter MAC Filter Use this screen to configure MAC filtering rules for incoming
traffic.
Firewall General Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall.
Default Action Use this screen to set the default action that the firewall takes on
packets that do not match any of the firewall rules.
Rules Use this screen to view the configured firewall rules and add, edit
or remove a firewall rule.
DoS Use this screen to set the thresholds that the AMG1302-T11C uses
to determine when to start dropping sessions that are not fully
established (half-open sessions).
Parental Control Parental Control Use this screen to define time periods and days during which the
AMG1302-T11C performs parental control and/or block web sites
with the specific URL.
Table 2 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK TAB FUNCTION
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Certificates Local Certificates Use this screen to export self-signed certificates or certification
requests and import the AMG1302-T11C’s CA-signed certificates.
Trusted CA Use this screen to save CA certificates to the AMG1302-T11C.
System Monitor
Log Log Use this screen to view the logs for the level that you selected.
You can export or e-mail the logs.
Traffic Status WAN Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going
through the WAN port of the AMG1302-T11C.
LAN Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going
through the LAN ports of the AMG1302-T11C.
NAT Use this screen to view the status of NAT sessions on the
AMG1302-T11C.
Maintenance
Users Account Users Account Use this screen to configure the passwords your user accounts.
TR-069 Client TR-069 Client Use this screen to configure the AMG1302-T11C to be managed by
an Auto Configuration Server (ACS).
System System Use this screen to configure management inactivity time-out
setting.
Time Setting Time Setting Use this screen to change your AMG1302-T11C’s time and date.
Log Setting Log Setting Use this screen to select which logs and/or immediate alerts your
device is to record. You can also set it to e-mail the logs to you.
Firmware
Upgrade Firmware Upgrade Use this screen to upload firmware to your device.
Backup/Restore Backup/Restore Use this screen to backup and restore your device’s configuration
(settings) or reset the factory default settings.
Reboot Reboot Use this screen to reboot the AMG1302-T11C without turning the
power off.
Remote MGMT Remote MGMT Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for specific
network service.
SNMP Use this screen to configure SNMP (Simple Network Management
Protocol) settings.
Trust Domain Use this screen to view and manage a list of public IP addresses
which are allowed to access the AMG1302-T11C through a
configured service.
Diagnostic Ping Use this screen to test the connections to other devices.
DSL Line Use this screen to identify problems with the DSL connection.
Table 2 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK TAB FUNCTION
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CHAPTER 3
Quick Start Wizard
3.1 Overview
Use the wizard setup screens to configure your system for Internet access with the information
given to you by your ISP.
Note: See the advanced menu chapters for background information on these fields.
3.2 Quick Start Setup
1The Quick Start Wizard appears automatically after login. Or you can click the Wizard icon
( ) in the top right corner of the web configurator to open the quick start screens.
2Select the time zone of your location. Click Next.
Figure 8 Wizard Welcome
3Enter your Internet access information in the wizard screen exactly as your service provider gave it
to you. Leave the defaults in any fields for which you were not given information. The screen and
fields to enter may vary depending on your current connection type.
4Configure the field and click Next to continue.
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Figure 9 Internet Access Wizard Setup: IPoA Configuration
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Note: Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) define a virtual
circuit.
Table 3 Internet Access Wizard Setup: IPoA Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Encapsulation Select the encapsulation type your ISP uses from the Encapsulation drop-down list box:
IPoA, ENET ENCAP, PPPoA, or PPPoE.
Multiplex Select the multiplexing method used by your ISP from the Multiplex drop-down list box
either VC-based or LLC-based.
VPI Enter the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) assigned to you. This field may already be
configured.
VCI Enter the Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) assigned to you. This field may already be
configured.
IP Address Enter the IP address of the AMG1302-T11C.
Default Gateway Enter the default gateway of the ZyXEL Device.
Primary DNS
Server
Enter the primary DNS server IP address for the AMG1302-T11C.
Secondary DNS
Server
Enter the secondary DNS server IP address for the AMG1302-T11C.
Back Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Next Click this to continue to the next wizard screen. The next wizard screen you see depends
on what protocol you chose above.
Close Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
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Figure 10 Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 4 Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Encapsulation Select the encapsulation type your ISP uses from the Encapsulation drop-down list box:
IPoA, ENET ENCAP, PPPoA, or PPPoE.
Multiplex Select the multiplexing method used by your ISP from the Multiplex drop-down list box
either VC-based or LLC-based.
VPI Enter the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) assigned to you. This field may already be
configured.
VCI Enter the Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) assigned to you. This field may already be
configured.
Select Yes to enter specific IP information from your Internet service provider. Enter your Internet
access information exactly as your service provider gave it to you.
IP Address Enter the IP address of the AMG1302-T11C.
Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.
Refer to the appendix to calculate a subnet mask if you are implementing subnetting.
Default Gateway You must specify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP) when you use ENET ENCAP
in the Encapsulation field in the previous screen.
Primary DNS
Server
Enter the primary DNS server IP address for the AMG1302-T11C.
Secondary DNS
Server
Enter the secondary DNS server IP address for the AMG1302-T11C.
Back Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Next Click this to continue to the next wizard screen. The next wizard screen you see depends
on what protocol you chose above.
Close Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
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Figure 11 Internet Connection with PPPoA
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 5 Internet Connection with PPPoA
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Encapsulation Select the encapsulation type your ISP uses from the Encapsulation drop-down list box:
IPoA, ENET ENCAP, PPPoA, or PPPoE.
User Name Enter the login name that your ISP gives you.
Password Enter the password associated with the user name above.
Multiplex Select the multiplexing method used by your ISP from the Multiplex drop-down list box
either VC-based or LLC-based.
VPI Enter the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) assigned to you. This field may already be
configured.
VCI Enter the Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) assigned to you. This field may already be
configured.
IP Address Enter the IP address of the AMG1302-T11C.
Primary DNS
Server
Enter the primary DNS server IP address for the AMG1302-T11C.
Secondary DNS
Server
Enter the secondary DNS server IP address for the AMG1302-T11C.
Back Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Next Click this to continue to the next wizard screen. The next wizard screen you see depends
on what protocol you chose above.
Close Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
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Figure 12 Internet Connection with PPPoE
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
• If the user name and/or password you entered for PPPoE or PPPoA connection are not correct,
you are prompted to enter the correct information.
• If the Internet connection fails, check to see if your account is activated.
Table 6 Internet Connection with PPPoE
LABEL DESCRIPTION
User Name Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form
user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly
as given.
Password Enter the password associated with the user name above.
Multiplex Select the multiplexing method used by your ISP from the Multiplex drop-down list box
either VC-based or LLC-based.
VPI Enter the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) assigned to you. This field may already be configured.
VCI Enter the Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) assigned to you. This field may already be
configured.
Select Yes to enter specific IP information from your Internet service provider. Enter your Internet access
information exactly as your service provider gave it to you.
IP Address Enter the IP address of the AMG1302-T11C.
Primary DNS
Server
Enter the primary DNS server IP address for the AMG1302-T11C.
Secondary DNS
Server
Enter the secondary DNS server IP address for the AMG1302-T11C.
Back Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Next Click this to continue to the next wizard screen. The next wizard screen you see depends on
what protocol you chose above.
Close Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
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After you configure the Internet access information, use the following screen to set up your wireless
LAN.
5Check the Wireless Service box to enable wireless connection on the ZyXEL device.
6Configure your wireless settings in this screen. Click Next.
Figure 13 Wireless Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Note: The wireless stations and AMG1302-T11C must use the same SSID and channel ID
for wireless communication.
7The configuration settings are saved and applied. Click Close to complete the setup.
Table 7 Wireless Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless
Service
Click this to enable or disable the wireless service on the ZyXEL device.
Wireless
Network
Name(SSID)
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN.
If you change this field on the AMG1302-T11C, make sure all wireless stations use the same
SSID in order to access the network.
Channel
Selection
The range of radio frequencies used by IEEE 802.11b/g wireless devices is called a channel.
Select a channel ID that is not already in use by a neighboring device.
Security Level Displays the security setting. To mofidy, see Section 7.2 on page 88.
Pre-Shared Key Enter a set of characters (8 to 63 characters or 64 hexadecimal digits [a-f, A-F, and 0-9]) for
the shared security key.
Back Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Next Click this to continue to the next wizard screen.
Close Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
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Figure 14 Results Summary
8Launch your web browser and navigate to www.zyxel.com. Internet access is just the beginning.
Refer to the rest of this guide for more detailed information on the complete range of AMG1302-
T11C features. If you cannot access the Internet, open the web configurator again to confirm that
the Internet settings you configured in the wizard setup are correct.
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CHAPTER 4
Tutorials
4.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to use the AMG1302-T11C’s various features.
•Setting Up Your DSL Connection, see page 32
•IPv6 Address Configuration, see page 35
•Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network, see page 35
•Configuring the MAC Address Filter for Restricting Wireless Internet Access, see page 43
•Setting Up NAT Forwarding for a Game Server, see page 44
•Configuring Firewall Rules to Allow a Specified Service, see page 46
•Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network, see page 49
•Port Binding Configuration, see page 51
•Configuring QoS to Prioritize Traffic, see page 55
•Access the AMG1302-T11C from the Internet Using DDNS, see page 58
4.2 Setting Up Your DSL Connection
This tutorial shows you how to set up your Internet connection using the web configurator.
If you connect to the Internet through a DSL connection, use the information from your Internet
Service Provider (ISP) to configure the AMG1302-T11C. Do the following steps:
1Connect the AMG1302-T11C properly. Refer to the Quick Start Guide for details on the AMG1302-
T11C’s hardware connection.
2Connect one end of a DSL cable to the DSL port of your AMG1302-T11C. The other end should be
connected to the DSL port in your house or a DSL router/modem provided by your ISP.
3Connect one end of Ethernet cable to an Ethernet port on the AMG1302-T11C and the other end to
a computer that you will use to access the web configuration.
4Connect the AMG1302-T11C to a power source, turn it on and wait for the POWER LED to become
a steady green.
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Account Configuration
For this example, the interface type is ADSL and the connection has the following information.
General
Mode Router
Encapsulation PPPoE
User Name 1234@DSL-Ex.com
Password ABCDEF!
Service Name My DSL
Multiplex LLC
IPv6/IPv4 Dual
Stack Enabled
PPP
Authentication Auto
VPI 0
VCI 33
Others IP Address: Obtain IP Address Automatically
DNS Server: Obtained From ISP
IPv6 Address: Obtain IPv6 Address Automatically
DHCP IPv6: DHCP
DHCP PD: Enable
WAN Identifier Type: EUI64
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Go to Network Setting > Broadband, enter or select these values and click Apply.
This completes your DSL WAN connection setting.
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4.3 IPv6 Address Configuration
If the ISP’s network supports IPv6, the ISP may assign an IPv6 address to the AMG1302-T11C
automatically.
In the Network Setting > Broadband screen’s IPv6 Add ress configuration section, select
Obtain an IP Address Automatically. In the DHCP IPv6 field select DHCP to obtain an IPv6
address from a DHCPv6 server. In the DHCP PD field select Enable to have the AMG1302-T11C
pass the WAN prefix to LAN hosts. The LAN hosts can then use the prefix to generate their IPv6
addresses.
4.4 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network
Thomas wants to set up a wireless network so that he can use his notebook to access the Internet.
In this wireless network, the AMG1302-T11C serves as an access point (AP), and the notebook is
the wireless client. The wireless client can access the Internet through the AP.
Thomas has to configure the wireless network settings on the AMG1302-T11C. Then he can set up
a wireless network using WPS (Section 4.4.2 on page 37) or manual configuration (Section 4.4.3 on
page 41).
IPv6
IPv6
IPv6
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4.4.1 Configuring the Wireless Network Settings
This example uses the following parameters to set up a wireless network. In the client, choose the
AP with the SSID configured here. When prompted for a key, use the Pre-Shared Key configured
here.
1Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen. Configure the screen using the
provided parameters (see page 36). Click Apply.
2Click Network Setting > Wireless > Advanced and make sure 802.11b+g+n is selected in the
802.11 Mode field. Click Apply.
SSID SecureWirelessNetwork
Security Mode WPA2-PSK
Pre-Shared Key DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork
802.11 Mode 802.11b+g+n
EXAMPLE
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Thomas can now use the WPS feature to establish a wireless connection between his notebook and
the AMG1302-T11C (see Section 4.4.2 on page 37). He can also use the notebook’s wireless client
to search for the AMG1302-T11C (see Section 4.4.3 on page 41).
4.4.2 Using WPS
This section shows you how to set up a wireless network using WPS. WPS is a way to automatically
set up a secure wireless network connection between an AP and a notebook. Limitations of using
WPS are that is must be done two devices at a time and within two minutes. It uses the AMG1302-
T11C as the AP and ZyXEL NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to the notebook.
Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB adapter
or PCMCIA card).
There are two WPS methods to set up the wireless client settings:
•Push Button Configuration (PBC) - simply press a button. This is the easier of the two
methods.
•PIN Configuration - configure a Personal Identification Number (PIN) on the AMG1302-T11C. A
wireless client must also use the same PIN in order to download the wireless network settings
from the AMG1302-T11C.
Push Button Configuration (PBC)
1Make sure that your AMG1302-T11C is turned on and your notebook is within the cover range of the
wireless signal.
2Make sure that you have installed the wireless client driver and utility in your notebook.
3Make sure wireless LAN is enabled and the wireless security mode is set to WPA-PSK2 or No
Security in the Network Setting > Wireless > General screen.
4In the wireless client utility, go to the WPS setting page. Enable WPS and press the WPS button
(Start or WPS button).
5Push and hold the WPS button on the AMG1302-T11C for 1-2 seconds. Alternatively, you may log
into AMG1302-T11C’s web configuration, enable WPS and click the WPS button in the Network
Setting > Wireless > WPS screen.
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Note: It doesn’t matter which button (on the client or the AMG1302-T11C) is pressed
first. You must press the second button within two minutes of pressing the first
one.
The AMG1302-T11C sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up
to two minutes. The wireless client is then able to communicate with the AMG1302-T11C securely.
The following figure shows you an example of how to set up a wireless network and its security by
pressing a button on both AMG1302-T11C and wireless client.
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Example WPS Process: PBC Method
PIN Configuration
When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both the AMG1302-T11C’s web config
ur at or and the wireless client’s utility.
1Launch your wireless client’s configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the PIN method
to get a PIN number.
2Enter the PIN number in the PIN section in the Network Setting > Wireless > WPS screen on
the AMG1302-T11C.
Wireless Client The Device
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Press and hold for
5 seconds
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3Click the Start and Register buttons (or the button next to the PIN field) on both the wireless
client utility screen and the AMG1302-T11C’s WPS screen within two minutes.
The AMG1302-T11C authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to
the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. The wireless client is then able to
communicate with the AMG1302-T11C securely.
The following figure shows you how to set up a wireless network and its security on a AMG1302-
T11C and a wireless client by using PIN method.
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Example WPS Process: PIN Method
4.4.3 Connecting Wirelessly to your AMG1302-T11C
This section describes how to connect wirelessly to your AMG1302-T11C. The connection procedure
is shown here using Windows XP as an example.
1Right-click the wireless adapter icon which appears in the bottom right of your computer monitor.
Click View Available Wireless Networks.
Authentication by PIN
SECURITY INFO
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Wireless Client
The Device
COMMUNICATION
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Tutorial: Status
2Select the AMG1302-T11C’s SSID name and click Connect (A). The SSID “SecureWirelessNetwork”
is given here as an example.
Tutorial: Status
3You are prompted to enter a password. Enter it and click Connect.
Tutorial: Status
4You may have to wait several minutes while your computer connects to the wireless network.
5You should now be securely connected wirelessly to the AMG1302-T11C.
Tutorial: Status
A
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Congratulations! Your computer is now ready to connect to the Internet wirelessly through your
AMG1302-T11C.
Note: If you cannot connect wirelessly to the AMG1302-T11C, check you have selected
the correct SSID and entered the correct security key. If that does not work,
ensure your wireless network adapter is enabled by clicking on the wireless adapter
icon and clicking Enable.
4.5 Configuring the MAC Address Filter for Restricting
Wireless Internet Access
Thomas noticed that his daughter Josephine spends too much time surfing the web and
downloading media files. He decided to prevent Josephine from accessing the Internet so that she
can concentrate on preparing for her final exams.
Josephine’s computer connects wirelessly to the Internet through the AMG1302-T11C. Thomas can
deny access to the wireless network using the MAC address of Josephine’s computer.
1 Check the MAC address (physical address) of the wireless card on Josephine’s computer using the
“ipconfig /all” command in a Command Prompt.
Thomas
Josephine
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2Click Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication. Select the wireless network in the
SSID field and then Deny in the MAC Restrict Mode field.
3Enter the MAC address that you want to deny. Click OK.
Josephine will no longer be able to access the Internet wirelessly through the AMG1302-T11C.
4.6 Setting Up NAT Forwarding for a Game Server
Thomas manages a Doom server on a computer behind the AMG1302-T11C. In order for players on
the Internet (like A in the figure below) coming through the default WAN connection (PVC0) to
communicate with the Doom server, Thomas can use port forwarding.
C:\>ipconfig /all
Ethernet adapter Wireless Network Connection:
Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media connected
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Wireless USB Adapter
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-1E-52-C3-5C-1B
---------------------------SNAP!--------------------------------
EXAMPLE
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Tutorial: NAT Port Forwarding Setup
4.6.1 Port Forwarding
Thomas needs to configure the port settings and IP address on the AMG1302-T11C. Traffic should
be forwarded to port 666 of the Doom server computer which has an IP address of 192.168.1.34.
Thomas may set up the port settings by configuring the port settings for the Doom server computer
(see Section 11.3 on page 150 for more information).
1Activate NAT in the Network Setting > NAT > General screen. Click Apply.
2Click Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding. Select PVC0 as the WAN interface and click
Add new rule.
3Configure the screen with the following values:
The screen should look as follows. Click Apply.
D=192.168.1.34 WAN
LAN
port 666
A
Service Name Select User Define.
Start/End Ports Enter 666 as the Start and End port.
Server IP Address Enter the IP address of the Doom server (192.168.1.34 for this example).
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4The port forwarding settings you configured appear in the table. The AMG1302-T11C forwards port
666 traffic to the computer with IP address 192.168.1.34.
Players on the Internet then can have access to Thomas’ Doom server.
4.7 Configuring Firewall Rules to Allow a S pecified Service
By default the firewall will block traffic originating from the WAN (1). However, if you are running a
server or other service, you may need to allow access from the WAN (2). The following tutorial will
show how to allow traffic from WAN to LAN if it matches a specified port number.
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
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Tutorial: NAT Port Forwarding Setup
1Click Security > Firewall and select Custom. Click Apply to save your settings.
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS
2Click the Rules tab. In the Packet Direction field select WAN to LAN and click Add.
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Queue Setup
3The Add New Firewall Rule screen will appear. Click the Edit Customized Services button to
access the following screen. Click Add and configure the following settings. In this tutorial, a
hypothetical port 123 is allowed. Click OK.
WAN
LAN
1
2
A
Service Name My_Service
Service Type TCP
Port Number 123
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Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Queue Setup
4In the Add New Firewall Rule screen, select Active. In the Available Services field, select the
service you configured, My_Service. Click OK.
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Queue Setup
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5The firewall rule you configured appears in the table. The AMG1302-T11C allows traffic from the
WAN to LAN if it matches port 123.
4.8 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another
Network
In order to extend your Intranet and control traffic flowing directions, you may connect a router to
the AMG1302-T11C’s LAN. The router may be used to separate two department networks. This
tutorial shows how to configure a static routing rule for two network routings.
In the following figure, router R is connected to the AMG1302-T11C’s LAN. R connects to two
networks, N1 (192.168.1.x/24) and N2 (192.168.10.x/24). If you want to send traffic from
computer A (in N1 network) to computer B (in N2 network), the traffic is sent to the AMG1302-
T11C’s WAN default gateway by default. In this case, B will never receive the traffic.
You need to specify a static routing rule on the AMG1302-T11C to specify R as the router in charge
of forwarding traffic to N2. In this case, the AMG1302-T11C routes traffic from A to R and then R
routes the traffic to B.
N2
B
N1
A
R
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This tutorial uses the following example IP settings:
To configure a static route to route traffic from N1 to N2:
1Log into the AMG1302-T11C’s Web Configurator.
2Click Network Setting > Static Route.
3Click Edit on a new rule in the Static Route screen.
4Configure the Static Route Setup screen using the following settings:
4a Type 192.168.10.0 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0 for the destination, N2.
4b Select Enable and type 192.168.1.253 (R’s N1 address) in the Gateway IP Address field.
4c Enter 1 in the Metric field.
Table 8 IP Settings in this Tutorial
DEVICE / COMPUTER IP ADDRESS
The AMG1302-T11C’s WAN 172.16.1.1
The AMG1302-T11C’s LAN 192.168.1.1
A192.168.1.34
R’s N1 192.168.1.253
R’s N2 192.168.10.2
B192.168.10.33
N2
B
N1
A
R
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4d Click OK.
Now B should be able to receive traffic from A. You may need to additionally configure B’s firewall
settings to allow specific traffic to pass through.
4.9 Port Binding Configuration
This tutorial shows you how to configure port binding for WAN connections with different ATM QoS
settings for different types of traffic. The port binding feature is used to group each WAN connection
with specific LAN ports and WLANs. In this example ATM QoS settings are configured for a WAN PVC
for time sensitive Media-On-Demand (MOD) traffic. ATM QoS settings are also configured for
another WAN PVC for non-time sensitive data traffic.
4.9.1 Configuring ATM QoS for Multiple WAN Connections
This example shows an application for multiple WAN connections with different ATM QoS Settings.
More than one WAN connection on the AMG1302-T11C may be configured to record traffic statistics
or calculate service charges.
Three WAN connections are configured over the ADSL line:
• The connection with VPI/VCI, 0/33, is dedicated for general data transmission.
• The connection with VPI/VCI, 0/34, is dedicated for VoIP service.
• The connection with VPI/VCI, 0/35, is dedicated for Media-On-Demand (MOD) service.
To configure bandwidth for the WAN connections, access the WAN configuration Advanced Setup
screen by clicking Network Setting > Broadband. Click Advanced Setup.
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To configure bandwidth for the data connection, select UBR with PCR in the ATM QoS Type field.
Click Apply.
EXAMPLE
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To configure dedicated bandwidth of 400 kbps for the VoIP connection, select CBR in the ATM QoS
Type field and enter the Peak Cell Rate as 943 (divide the bandwidth 400000 bps by 424). Click
Apply to save the settings.
To configure variable bandwidth of 2 Mbps for MOD data connection, select Realtime VBR in the
ATM QoS Type field. Set the Peak Cell Rate as 4717 (divide the bandwidth 2mbps by 424) and
set both the Sustain Cell Rate and Maximum Burst Size as 4716 (which is less than the peak
cell rate). Click Apply to save the settings.
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Configured WAN connections can be viewed by clicking the More Connections tab under Network
Setting > Broadband. See the WAN Setup chapter (Chapter 6 on page 67) for more information
on configuring WAN connections and ATM QoS settings.
4.9.2 Configuring Port Binding
You can then group specific WAN PVCs with LAN ports or WLANs, so traffic from these ports is
forwarded through specific WAN PVCs. In the configuration shown below, the WAN connections set
up in the previous section are bound as follows:
1Access the port binding screen by clicking Network Setti ng > Port Binding, and select Activated
Port Binding to turn on the port binding feature.
2Click the Port Binding tab, specify the Group Index and select the ports to include in the port
binding group. Click Apply.
Table 9 Port Binding Groups
GROUP INDEX WAN CONNECTION LAN PORT
0 PVC0 - for Data eth1, eth2, AP0
1 PVC1 - for VoIP eth3
2 PVC2 - for MOD eth4
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3The configured groups can be viewed by clicking the Port Binding Summary button. See the Port
Binding chapter (Chapter 12 on page 158) for more details on configuring port binding.
4.10 Configuring QoS to Prioritize Traffic
This section contains tutorials on how you can configure the QoS screen.
Let’s say you are a team leader of a small sales branch office. You want to prioritize e-mail traffic
because your task includes sending urgent updates to clients at least twice every hour. You also
upload data files (such as logs and e-mail archives) to the FTP server throughout the day. Your
colleagues use the Internet for research, as well as chat applications for communicating with other
branch offices.
In the following figure you want to configure QoS so that e-mail traffic gets the highest priority. You
can do the following:
• Configure a queue to assign the highest priority queue (1) to e-mail traffic from the LAN
interface, so that e-mail traffic would not get delayed when there is network congestion.
• Note the MAC address (AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF for example) of your computer and map it to queue
1.
Note: QoS is applied to traffic flowing out of the AMG1302-T11C.
Traffic that does not match this class is assigned a priority queue based on the internal QoS
mapping table on the AMG1302-T11C.
EXAMPLE
DSL
E-mail: Queue 1
Your computer
A colleague’s computer
Other traffic: Automatic classifier
MAC=AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF
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1Click Network Setting > QoS and check Active QoS. Click Apply.
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS
2Go to Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup. Click the Edit icon next to an entry to configure
a queue.
3Select Active and give it a name (Queue1 in this example). Select WAN in the Interface field and
1 in the Priority and Weight fields. Then click OK.
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Queue Setup
4Go to Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup and click Add new Classifier.
5Select Active and follow the settings as shown in the screen below. Then click OK. Note that you
have to select TCP in the IP Protocol field first, then you can configure the source port range
setting.
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Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Class Setup
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This maps e-mail traffic to queue 1 created in the previous screen (see the Source Port Range
field). This also maps your computer’s MAC address to queue 1 (see the Source MAC Address
field).
4.11 Access the AMG1302-T11C from the Internet Using
DDNS
If you connect your AMG1302-T11C to the Internet and it uses a dynamic WAN IP address, it is
inconvenient for you to manage the device from the Internet. The AMG1302-T11C’s WAN IP address
changes dynamically. Dynamic DNS (DDNS) allows you to access the AMG1302-T11C using a
domain name.
To use this feature, you have to apply for DDNS service at www.dyndns.org.
This tutorial shows you how to:
•Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org
•Configuring DDNS on Your AMG1302-T11C
•Testing the DDNS Setting
Note: If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use DDNS.
4.11.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org
1Open a browser and type http://www.dyndns.org.
2Apply for a user account. This tutorial uses UserName1 and 12345 as the username and
password.
Interface Select From LAN.
To Queue Link this to a queue created in the Network Setting > QoS > Queue
Setup screen, which is the 1 queue created in this example.
Source MAC Address Type the MAC address of your computer - AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF. Type the
Source Mac Netmask if you know it.
Source Port Range Enter the port number to which the rule should be applied - 25 for SMTP.
Protocol ID Select the IP protocol type - TCP.
w.x.y.z a.b.c.d
http://zyxelrouter.dyndns.org
A
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3Log into www.dyndns.org using your account.
4Add a new DDNS host name. This tutorial uses the following settings as an example.
•Hostname: zyxelrouter.dyndns.org
•Service Type: Host with IP address
• IP Address: Enter the WAN IP address that your AMG1302-T11C is currently using. You can find
the IP address on the AMG1302-T11C’s Web Configurator Status page.
Then you will need to configure the same account and host name on the AMG1302-T11C later.
4.11.2 Configuring DDNS on Your AMG1302-T11C
Configure the following settings in the Network Setting > Dynamic DNS screen.
•Select Active Dynamic DNS.
•Select www.dyndns.org in the Service Provider field.
•Type zyxelrouter.dyndns.org in the Host Name field.
• Enter the user name (UserName1) and password (12345).
Click Apply.
4.11.3 Testing the DDNS Setting
Now you should be able to access the AMG1302-T11C from the Internet. To test this:
1Open a web browser on the computer (using the IP address a.b.c.d) that is connected to the
Internet.
2Type http://zyxelrouter.dyndns.org and press [Enter].
3The AMG1302-T11C’s login page should appear. You can then log into the AMG1302-T11C and
manage it.
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CHAPTER 5
Connection Status and System Info Screens
5.1 Overview
After you log into the web configurator, the Connection Status screen appears. This shows the
network connection status of the AMG1302-T11C and clients connected to it.
Use the System Info screen to look at the current status of the device, system resources and
interfaces (LAN, WAN, WLAN).
5.2 The Connection Status Screen
Use this screen to view the network connection status of the device and its clients. A warning
message appears if there is a connection problem.
If you prefer to view the status in a list, click List View in the Viewing mode selection box. You
can configure how often you want the AMG1302-T11C to update this screen in Refresh Interval.
Figure 15 Connection Status: Icon View
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Figure 16 Connection Status: List View
In Icon View, if you want to view information about a client, click the client’s name and then click
on Info.
In List View, you can also view the client’s information.
5.3 The System Info Screen
Click Connection Status > System Info to open this screen.
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Figure 17 System Info Screen
Each field is described in the following table.
Ta ble 10 System Info Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval Select how often you want the AMG1302-T11C to update this screen from the drop-
down list box.
Device Information
Host Name This field displays the AMG1302-T11C system name. It is used for identification.
Model Name This is the model name of your device.
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MAC Address This is the MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address unique to your AMG1302-
T11C.
Firmware
Version This field displays the current version of the firmware inside the device. It also shows
the date the firmware version was created. Go to the Maintenance > Firmware
Upgrade screen to change it.
DSL Version This is the current version of the AMG1302-T11C’s DSL modem code.
DSL Mode This is the method of encapsulation used by your ISP.
Annex Type This is the ADSL Annex Type that your AMG1302-T11C is using.
WAN Information
Select the WAN connection which you want to view and manage.
IPv6/IPv4 Dual
Stack This field displays whether AMG1302-T11C can run IPv4, IPv6 or both at the same time.
IP Address This field displays the current IP address of the AMG1302-T11C in the WAN.
IP Subnet Mask This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN.
Default
Gateway This is the IP address of the default gateway, if applicable.
Primary/
Secondary DNS This is the primary/secondary DNS server IP address assigned to the AMG1302-T11C.
IPv6 Global IP This is the current IPv6 address of the AMG1302-T11C in the WAN. Click this to go to
the screen where you can change it.
IPv6 Prefix
Length This is the current IPv6 prefix length in the WAN.
IPv6 Gateway This is the IPv6 address of the default gateway, if applicable.
IPv6 WAN
DNS1/2 This is the primary/secondary DNS server IPv6 address assigned to the AMG1302-T11C.
Link-Local
Address This is the link local address assigned to the AMG1302-T11C within the LAN.
IPv4/IPv6 MTU This is the MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) for IPv4 and IPv6 packets passing
through the WAN interface.
VPI/VCI This is the Virtual Path Identifier and Virtual Channel Identifier that you entered in the
Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection screen.
LAN Information
IP Address This field displays the current IP address of the AMG1302-T11C in the LAN.
IP Subnet Mask This field displays the current subnet mask in the LAN.
DHCP This field displays what DHCP services the AMG1302-T11C is providing to the LAN.
Choices are:
Server - The AMG1302-T11C is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses to
other computers in the LAN.
Relay - The AMG1302-T11C acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays DHCP requests
and responses between the remote server and the clients.
None - The AMG1302-T11C is not providing any DHCP services to the LAN.
IPv6 Address This is the current IPv6 address of the AMG1302-T11C in the LAN.
Link-local IPv6
Address This is the current IPv6 link local address of the AMG1302-T11C in the LAN.
IPv6 Prefix This is the current IPv6 prefix in the LAN.
Preferred/Valid
Time This field displays how long (in seconds) that the IPv6 address remains preferred and
how long (in seconds) that the address is valid.
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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DHCPv6 This field displays the status of the DHCPv6.
Radvd State This field displays whether RADVD (Router Advertisement Daemon) is enabled to have
the AMG1302-T11C send IPv6 prefix information in router advertisements periodically
and in response to router solicitations.
IPv6 LAN DNS1/
2This is the first/second DNS server IPv6 address the AMG1302-T11C passes to the DHCP
clients.
WLAN Information
Status This displays whether wireless LAN is turned on or off.
SSID This is the descriptive name used to identify the AMG1302-T11C in the wireless LAN.
Channel This is the channel number used by the AMG1302-T11C now.
Security Mode This displays the type of security the AMG1302-T11C is using in the wireless LAN.
WPS Configured displays when the WPS security settings have been configured and wireless
clients can connect with the device through WPS. Unconfigured displays when the
device has not been configured and wireless clients can’t establish a link with the device
through WPS.
Scheduling This displays whether WLAN scheduling is activated.
WiFi MAC This is the MAC (Media Access Control) of the WiFi interface.
Security
Firewall This displays whether or not the AMG1302-T11C’s firewall is activated. Click this to go to
the screen where you can change it.
Interface Status
Interface This column displays each interface the AMG1302-T11C has.
Status This field indicates whether or not the AMG1302-T11C is using the interface.
For the DSL interface, this field displays Down (line is down), Up (line is up or
connected), Initializing (line is initializing), Establishing Link (line is establishing a
link) if you're using Ethernet encapsulation and Down (line is down), Up (line is up or
connected), Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a
call) if you're using PPPoE encapsulation.
For the LAN interface, this field displays Up when the AMG1302-T11C is connected
through an Ethernet cable to a computer or a HUB. It displays Down when the
AMG1302-T11C’s Ethernet port is disconnected.
For the WLAN interface, it displays Active when WLAN is enabled or InActive when
WLAN is disabled.
Rate For the LAN interface, this displays the port speed.
For the WAN interface, this displays the DSL link rate downstream and upstream.
For the DSL interface, it displays the downstream and upstream transmission rate.
For the WLAN interface, it displays the maximum transmission rate when WLAN is
enabled or N/A when WLAN is disabled.
System Status
DSL Up Time This field displays how long the DSL connection has been active.
System Up Time This field displays how long the AMG1302-T11C has been running since it last started
up. The AMG1302-T11C starts up when you plug it in, when you restart it
(Maintenance > Reboot), or when you reset it (see Chapter 1 on page 16).
Current Time This field displays the current date and time in the AMG1302-T11C. You can change this
in Maintenance > Time Setting.
System Resource
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CPU Usage This field displays what percentage of the AMG1302-T11C’s processing ability is
currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the AMG1302-T11C is running
at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some
applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications.
Memory Usage This field displays what percentage of the AMG1302-T11C’s memory is currently used.
Usually, this percentage should not increase much. If memory usage does get close to
100% and remains like that for a high period of time, the AMG1302-T11C may become
unstable and you should restart it. See Chapter 26 on page 209, or turn off the device
(unplug the power) for a few seconds.
DSL Down
Bandwidth
Usage
This field displays what percentage of the downstream bandwidth for the AMG1302-
T11C’s DSL connection is currently used.
DSL Up
Bandwidth
Usage
This field displays what percentage of the upstream bandwidth for the AMG1302-T11C’s
DSL connection is currently used.
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 6
Broadband
6.1 Overview
This chapter describes the AMG1302-T11C’s Broadband screens. Use these screens to configure
your AMG1302-T11C for Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the
Internet. It connects your private networks (such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other
networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 18 LAN and WAN
6.1.1 What You Can Do in the WAN Screens
•Use the Internet Connection screen (Section 6.2 on page 68) to configure the WAN settings on
the AMG1302-T11C for Internet access.
•Use the More Connections screen (Section 6.3 on page 76) to set up additional Internet access
connections.
6.1.2 What Yo u Need to Know About WAN
Encapsulation Method
Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set
up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your
ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP
over Ethernet) or PPPoA, they should also provide a username and password (and service name)
for user authentication.
WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the AMG1302-T11C, which makes it accessible from an
outside network. It is used by the AMG1302-T11C to communicate with other devices in other
WAN
LAN
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networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the AMG1302-T11C
tries to access the Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and
DNS server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP
encapsulation method).
Multicast
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient)
or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of
hosts on the network - not everybody and not just one.
IGMP
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership
in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. There are three versions of IGMP. IGMP
version 2 and 3 are improvements over version 1, but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use.
IPv6
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to increase IP address space and enhance features.
The AMG1302-T11C supports IPv4/IPv6 dual stack and can connect to IPv4 and IPv6 networks. See
(Appendix F on page 279) for more information about IPv6.
Finding Out More
See Section 6.4 on page 82 for technical background information on WAN.
6.1.3 Before You Begin
You need to know your Internet access settings such as encapsulation and WAN IP address. Get this
information from your ISP.
6.2 The Internet Connection Screen
Use this screen to change your AMG1302-T11C’s WAN settings. Click Network Setting >
Broadband > Internet Connection. The screen differs by the WAN type and encapsulation you
select.
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Figure 19 Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection > Auto Sync Up
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Figure 20 Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection > Ethernet(ETH1)
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Line
Type Select the DSL mode supported by your ISP.
Use Auto Sync-Up if you are not sure which mode to choose from. The AMG1302-
T11C dynamically diagnoses the mode supported by the ISP and selects the best
compatible one for your connection.
Other options are ADSL2+, ADSL2, G.DMT, T1.413 and G.lite.
The AMG1302-T11C supports Ethernet(ETH1) mode. To select this mode, connect a
modem or router to the WAN port and select Ethernet(ETH1).
Note: The AMG1302-T11C reboots when transferring to and from Ethernet(ETH1)
type.
Annex Type Annexes operate in different frequencies and offer different speeds and reach (the
distance from ISP). Select the type supported by your ISP.
Available options are ANNEX A, ANNEX A/L, ANNEX M and ANNEX A/I/J/L/M.
The following are the annex settings and standards:
• ITU G.992.1 Annex A ADSL over POTS - 12 Mbit/s downstream, 1.3 Mbit/s
upstream
• Annex I All digital mode ADSL with improved spectral compatibility with ADSL over
POTS
• ITU G.992.3 Annex J ADSL2 - 12 Mbit/s downstream, 3.5 Mbit/s
• ITU G.992.3 Annex L RE-ADSL2 - 5 Mbit/s downstream, 0.8 Mbit/s
• ITU G.992.5 Annex M ADSL2+ - 24 Mbit/s downstream, 3.5 Mbit/s upstream
This field is not available if you select Ethernet(ETH1) in the Type field.
General
Mode Select Router (default) from the drop-down list box if your ISP gives you one IP
address only and you want multiple computers to share an Internet account. Select
Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the
connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If
you select Bridge, you cannot use Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on the AMG1302-
T11C.
Encapsulation Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list box.
Choices vary depending on the mode you select in the Mode field.
If you select Router in the Mode field, select PPPoA, IPoA, ENET ENCAP or
PPPoE.
If you select Bridge in the Mode field, method of encapsulation is not available.
User Name (PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only) Enter the user name exactly as your ISP
assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain where domain identifies a
service name, then enter both components exactly as given.
Password (PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only) Enter the password associated with the user
name above.
Service Name (PPPoE only) Type the name of your PPPoE service here.
Multiplex Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list. Choices
are VC or LLC.
This field is not available if you select Ethernet(ETH1) in the Type field.
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IPv6/IPv4 Dual Stack Select IPv4 if you want the AMG1302-T11C to run IPv4 only.
Select IPv4/IPv6 to allow the AMG1302-T11C to run IPv4 and IPv6 at the same
time.
Select IPv6 if you want the AMG1302-T11C to run IPv6 only.
This field is not available when you select IPoA in the Encapsulation field.
PPP Authentication The AMG1302-T11C supports PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) and CHAP
(Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol). CHAP is more secure than PAP;
however, PAP is readily available on more platforms.
Use the drop-down list box to select an authentication protocol for outgoing calls.
Options are:
AUTO - Your AMG1302-T11C accepts either CHAP or PAP when requested by this
remote node.
CHAP - Your AMG1302-T11C accepts CHAP only.
PAP - Your AMG1302-T11C accepts PAP only.
Virtual Circuit ID VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) define a virtual
circuit. Refer to the appendix for more information.
VPI This option is available if you select Router in the Mode field.
The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
VCI This option is available if you select Router in the Mode field.
The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management
of ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
Enable VLAN This option is available if you select Ethernet(ETH1) in the Line >Type field.
The AMG1302-T11C supports Ether WAN function: DSL users must connect an RJ11
cable to the DSL port (Default), while EtherWAN users must connect an RJ45 cable
into LAN port 1.
802.1Q VLAN ID The valid range for the VLAN ID (as assinged by your provider) is 5 to 4094.
IP Address
Obtain an IP Address
Automatically
Static IP Address
This option is available if you select Router in the Mode field.
A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not
fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet.
Select Obtain an IP Address Automatically if you have a dynamic IP address;
otherwise select Static IP Address and type your ISP assigned IP address in the IP
Address field and a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP) below.
IPv6 Tunnel Mode Use IPv6 tunneling when the local network uses IPv6 and the ISP has an IPv4
network. When the AMG1302-T11C has an IPv4 WAN address and you set IPv6/IPv4
Dual Stack to IPv4 and select ENET ENCAP or PPPoE in the Encapsulation field,
you can enable IPv6 tunneling to encapsulate IPv6 packets in IPv4 packets to cross
the ISP’s IPv4 network.
Select Disable to not allow IPv6 packets to cross IPv4 networks.
Select 6to4 to transmit IPv6 packets over an IPv4 network. A 6to4 relay router is
required to route 6to4 packets to a native IPv6 network.
Select 6rd to enable 6RD. IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6RD) is an IPv6 transitioning
process for the stateless tunneling of IPv6 over IPv4. Enable 6RD to tunnel IPv6 traffic
from the local network through the ISP’s IPv4 network.
Relay Server Enter the IPv4 address of a 6to4 relay server, which helps forward packets between
6to4 networks and native IPv6 networks.
Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Via DHCP Option
212 Select this option to have the AMG1302-T11C detect the relay server’s IP address
automatically through DHCP option 212.
The AMG1302-T11C generates a global IPv6 prefix from its IPv4 WAN address and
tunnels IPv6 traffic to the ISP’s Border Relay router to connect to the native IPv6
Internet. The local network can also use IPv4 services. The AMG1302-T11C uses its
configured IPv4 WAN IP to route IPv4 traffic to the IPv4 Internet.
Manual Select this option if you have the relay server’s IPv4 address
6rd Prefix Enter an IPv6 prefix for tunneling IPv6 traffic to the ISP’s Border Relay router and
connecting to the native IPv6 Internet.
6rd Prefix Length Enter the IPv6 prefix length.
An IPv6 prefix length specifies the number of most significant bits (starting from the
left) in the address that compose the network address.
IPv4 Mask Length Enter the IPv4 network’s subnet mask number (1~32).
Relay Server Enter the relay server’s IPv4 address.
Routing Feature
Apply as Default
Gateway
Select this option to have the AMG1302-T11C use the WAN interface of this
connection as the system default gateway.
DNS Server - This section is not available when you select Bridge in the Mode field.
Primary DNS Server
Secondary DNS
Server
Select Obtained F rom ISP to have the AMG1302-T11C get the DNS server addresses
from the ISP automatically.
Select UserDefined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS
server's IP address in the field to the right.
Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a
DNS server, you must know a computer’s IP address in order to access it.
IPv6 Address
Obtain an IP Address
Automatically
Select this option if you want to have the AMG1302-T11C use the IPv6 prefix from the
connected router’s Router Advertisement (RA) to generate an IPv6 address.
Static IP Address Select this if you have a fixed IPv6 address assigned by your ISP.
IPv6 Address Enter the IPv6 address assigned by your ISP.
Prefix length Enter the address prefix length to specify how many most significant bits in an IPv6
address compose the network address.
IPv6 DNS
Server1/2 Enter the IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP to have the AMG1302-T11C
use the IPv6 DNS server addresses you configured manually.
Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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6.2.1 Advanced Setup
Use this screen to edit your AMG1302-T11C's advanced WAN settings. Click the Advanced Set u p
button in the Internet Connection screen. The screen appears as shown.
DHCP IPv6 Select DHCP if you want to obtain an IPv6 address from a DHCPv6 server.
The IP address assigned by a DHCPv6 server has priority over the IP address
automatically generated by the AMG1302-T11C using the IPv6 prefix from an RA.
Select SLAAC (Stateless address autoconfiguration) to have the AMG1302-T11C use
the prefix to automatically generate a unique IP address that does not need to be
maintained by a DHCP server.
Select Auto to have the AMG1302-T11C indicate to hosts for IPv6 address generation
depending on the M/O (Managed/Other) flag values in the router advertisements
sending to hosts.
• If M flag is 1, the AMG1302-T11C will indicate to hosts to obtain network settings
(such as WAN IP, LAN prefix and DNS settings) through DHCPv6.
• If M flag is 0, the AMG1302-T11C will check O flag.
• If O flag is 1, the AMG1302-T11C will indicate to hosts to obtain DNS information
and LAN prefix through DHCPv6.
• If O flag is 0, the AMG1302-T11C will not get information through DHCPv6.
DHCP PD Select Enable to use DHCP PD (Prefix Delegation) to allow the AMG1302-T11C to
pass the IPv6 prefix information to its LAN hosts. The hosts can then use the prefix to
generate their IPv6 addresses.
WAN Identifier
Type Select Manual to manually enter a WAN Identifier as the interface ID to identify the
WAN interface. The WAN Identifier is appended to the IPv6 address prefix to create
the routable global IPv6 address. Select EUI64 to use the EUI-64 format to generate
an interface ID from the MAC address of the WAN interface.
WAN Identifier If you selected Manual, enter the WAN Identifier in this field. The WAN identifier
should be unique and 64 bits in hexadecimal form. Every 16 bit block should be
separated by a colon as in XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX where X is a hexadecimal
character. Blocks of zeros can be represented with double colons as in
XXXX:XXXX::XXXX.
Bridge and Routing mode in the same WAN
Enable Con-current
WAN
Enable this if you want to use the same VPI/VCI settings in different WAN interfaces.
Select this and then choose the ports and/or SSID to bridge with the WAN interface.
• ADSL concurrent WAN uses the same VCI/PVI in both routing and bridge modes.
Connection (PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only)
Keep Alive Select Keep Alive when you want your connection up all the time. The AMG1302-
T11C will try to bring up the connection automatically if it is disconnected.
Connect on Demand Select Connect on Demand if you do not want the connection up all the time and
specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Time field.
Max Idle Time Specify the time in seconds that elapses before the AMG1302-T11C automatically
disconnects from the ISP.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Advanced Setup Click this to display the Advanced WAN Setup screen and edit more details of your
WAN setup. Click this button again to display less fields in this screen.
Table 11 Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 21 Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection: Advanced Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 12 Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection: Advanced Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
RIP Direction RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information
with other routers. Use this field to control how much routing information the
AMG1302-T11C sends and receives on the subnet.
Select the RIP direction from None, Both, In Only and Out Only. This field is
configurable only when you select Ethernet(ETH1) in the Type field.
RIP Version This field is not configurable if you select None in the RIP Direction field.
Select the RIP version from RIP-1, RIP2-B and RIP2-M.
Multicast Multicast packets are sent to a group of computers on the LAN and are an alternative
to unicast packets (packets sent to one computer) and broadcast packets (packets
sent to every computer).
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish
membership in a multicast group. The AMG1302-T11C supports IGMP-v1, IGMP-v2
and IGMP-v3. Select None to disable it.
MLD Proxy Select the version of MLD proxy (v1 or v2) to have the AMG1302-T11C act as for this
connection. This allows the AMG1302-T11C to get subscription information and
maintain a joined member list for each multicast group. It can reduce multicast traffic
significantly. Select None to turn off MLD proxy.
ATM QoS
ATM QoS Type Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or
data traffic. Select UBR With PCR (Unspecified Bit Rate) for applications that are
non-time sensitive, such as e-mail. Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit
Rate) type for applications with bursty connections that require closely controlled
delay and delay variation. Select Non-Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit
Rate) type for connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay
variation.
Peak Cell Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell
Rate (PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the
PCR here.
Sustain Cell Rate The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be
transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default
is 0 cells/sec.
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6.3 The More Connections Screen
The AMG1302-T11C allows you to configure more than one Internet access connection. To configure
additional Internet access connections click Network Setting > Broadband > More
Connections. The screen differs by the encapsulation you select. When you use the Broadband >
Internet Connection screen to set up Internet access, you are configuring the first WAN
connection.
Note: This screen is not available if you set the Line Type to Ethernet(ETH1) in the
Internet Connection screen.
Figure 22 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Maximum Burst
Size Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at
the peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535.
PPPoE Passthrough If encapsulation type is PPPoE, select this to enable PPPoE Passthrough. In addition to
the Device’s built-in PPPoE client, you can select this to allow hosts on the LAN to use
PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP via the device. Each
host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP address.
MTU
MTU The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) defines the size of the largest packet allowed
on an interface or connection. Enter the MTU in this field.
For ENET ENCAP, the MTU value is 1500.
For PPPoE, the MTU value is 1492.
For PPPoA and RFC 1483, the MTU is 65535.
Ta ble 12 Network Setting > Broadband > Internet Connection: Advanced Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 13 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ADSL Connections Table
# This is an index number indicating the number of the corresponding connection.
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6.3.1 More Connections Edit
Use this screen to configure a connection. Click the edit icon in the More Connections screen to
display the following screen.
Active This field indicates whether the connection is active or not.
Clear the check box to disable the connection. Select the check box to enable it.
Node Name This is the name you gave to the Internet connection.
VPI/VCI This field displays the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI)
numbers configured for this WAN connection.
Encapsulation This field indicates the encapsulation method of the Internet connection.
Default Route
Enable
This field displays whether the AMG1302-T11C use the WAN interface of this connection
as the system default gateway.
Modify The first (ISP) connection is read-only in this screen. Use the Broadband > Internet
Connection screen to edit it.
Click the Edit icon to edit the Internet connection settings. Click this icon on an empty
configuration to add a new Internet access setup.
Click the Delete icon to remove the WAN connection from your connection list.
Ta ble 13 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 23 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections: Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 14 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections: Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General
Active Select the check box to activate or clear the check box to deactivate this connection.
Node Name Enter a unique, descriptive name of up to 13 ASCII characters for this connection.
Mode Select Router from the drop-down list box if your ISP allows multiple computers to share
an Internet account.
If you select Bridge, the AMG1302-T11C will forward any packet that it does not route to
this remote node; otherwise, the packets are discarded.
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Encapsulation Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list box.
Choices vary depending on the mode you select in the Mode field.
If you select Router in the Mode field, select PPPoA, IPoA, ENET ENCAP or PPPoE.
If you select Bridge in the Mode field, method of encapsulation is not available.
User Name (PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only) Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned.
If assigned a name in the form user@domain where domain identifies a service name,
then enter both components exactly as given.
Password (PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only) Enter the password associated with the user name
above.
Service Name (PPPoE only) Type the name of your PPPoE service here.
Multiplex Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list. Choices are
VC or LLC.
By prior agreement, a protocol is assigned a specific virtual circuit, for example, VC1 will
carry IP. If you select VC, specify separate VPI and VCI numbers for each protocol.
For LLC-based multiplexing or PPP encapsulation, one VC carries multiple protocols with
protocol identifying information being contained in each packet header. In this case, only
one set of VPI and VCI numbers need be specified for all protocols.
IPv6/IPv4 Dual
Stack
Select IPv4 if you want the AMG1302-T11C to run IPv4 only.
Select IPv4/IPv6 to allow the AMG1302-T11C to run IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time.
Select IPv6 if you want the AMG1302-T11C to run IPv6 only.
This field is not available when you select IPoA in the Encapsulation field.
PPP
Authentication
The AMG1302-T11C supports PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) and CHAP
(Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol). CHAP is more secure than PAP; however,
PAP is readily available on more platforms.
Use the drop-down list box to select an authentication protocol for outgoing calls. Options
are:
AUTO - Your AMG1302-T11C accepts either CHAP or PAP when requested by this remote
node.
CHAP - Your AMG1302-T11C accepts CHAP only.
PAP - Your AMG1302-T11C accepts PAP only.
VPI The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
VCI The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of
ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
IP Address This option is available if you select Router in the Mode field.
A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed;
the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet.
Select Obtain an IP Address Automatically if you have a dynamic IP address;
otherwise select Static IP Address and type your ISP assigned IP address in the IP
Address field and a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP) below.
IP Address Enter the IP address assigned by your ISP.
Gateway IP
Address Specify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP).
Primary DNS Enter the primary DNS server’s address for the AMG1302-T11C.
Secondary
DNS Enter the secondary DNS server’s address for the AMG1302-T11C.
Ta ble 14 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections: Edit (continued)
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IPv6 Address
Obtain an IP
Address
Automatically
Select this option if you want to have the AMG1302-T11C use the IPv6 prefix from the
connected router’s Router Advertisement (RA) to generate an IPv6 address.
Static IP Address Select this if you have a fixed IPv6 address assigned by your ISP.
IPv6 Address Enter the IPv6 address assigned by your ISP.
Prefix length Enter the address prefix length to specify how many most significant bits in an IPv6
address compose the network address.
IPv6 DNS
Server1/2 Enter the IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP to have the AMG1302-T11C use
the IPv6 DNS server addresses you configured manually.
DHCP IPv6 Select DHCP if you want to obtain an IPv6 address from a DHCPv6 server.
The IP address assigned by a DHCPv6 server has priority over the IP address
automatically generated by the AMG1302-T11C using the IPv6 prefix from an RA.
Select SLAAC (Stateless address autoconfiguration) to have the AMG1302-T11C use the
prefix to automatically generate a unique IP address that does not need to be maintained
by a DHCP server.
Select Auto to have the AMG1302-T11C indicate to hosts for IPv6 address generation
depending on the M/O (Managed/Other) flag values in the router advertisements sending
to hosts.
• If M flag is 1, the AMG1302-T11C will indicate to hosts to obtain network settings
(such as WAN IP, LAN prefix and DNS settings) through DHCPv6.
• If M flag is 0, the AMG1302-T11C will check O flag.
• If O flag is 1, the AMG1302-T11C will indicate to hosts to obtain DNS information and
LAN prefix through DHCPv6.
• If O flag is 0, the AMG1302-T11C will not get information through DHCPv6.
DHCP PD Select Enable to use DHCP PD (Prefix Delegation) to allow the AMG1302-T11C to pass
the IPv6 prefix information to its LAN hosts. The hosts can then use the prefix to generate
their IPv6 addresses.
Connection (PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only)
Keep Alive Select Keep Alive when you want your connection up all the time. The AMG1302-T11C
will try to bring up the connection automatically if it is disconnected.
Connect on
Demand
Select Connect on Demand if you do not want the connection up all the time and specify
an idle time-out in the Max Idle Time field.
Max Idle Time Specify the time in seconds that elapses before the AMG1302-T11C automatically
disconnects from the ISP.
Routing Feature
Apply as Default
Gateway
Select this option to have the AMG1302-T11C use the WAN interface of this connection as
the system default gateway.
NAT SUA Only is available only when you select Router in the Mode field.
Select SUA Only if you have one public IP address and want to use NAT. Otherwise, select
None to disable NAT.
Bridge and Routing mode in the same WAN
Enable Con-
current WAN
Enable this if you want to use the same VPI/VCI settings in different WAN interfaces.
Select this and then choose the ports and/or SSID to bridge with the WAN interface.
• ADSL concurrent WAN uses the same VCI/PVI in both routing and bridge modes.
Advanced Setup Click this to display more fields in this screen to configure more details of your WAN
settings.
Ta ble 14 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections: Edit (continued)
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6.3.2 Configuring More Connections Advanced Setup
Use this screen to edit your AMG1302-T11C's advanced WAN settings. Click the Advanced Set u p
arrow icon in the More Connections Edit screen. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 24 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections: Edit: Advanced Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Ta ble 14 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections: Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 15 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections: Edit: Advanced Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
RIP & Multicast Setup
RIP Direction Select the RIP Direction from None, Both, In Only and Out Only.
RIP Version This field is not configurable if you select None in the RIP Direction field.
Select the RIP Version from RIP-1, RIP2-B and RIP2-M.
Multicast Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish
membership in a multicast group. The AMG1302-T11C supports IGMP-v1, IGMP-v2 and
IGMP-v3. Select None to disable it.
ATM QoS
ATM QoS Type Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data
traffic. Select UBR with PCR (Unspecified Bit Rate) for applications that are non-time
sensitive, such as e-mail. Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type for
applications with bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay
variation. Select Non-Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type for connections
that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Peak Cell
Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate
(PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.
Sustain Cell
Rate The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted.
Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec.
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6.4 WAN Technical Reference
This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this
chapter.
6.4.1 Encapsulation
Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The AMG1302-T11C supports the
following methods.
6.4.1.1 ENET ENCAP
The MAC Encapsulated Routing Link Protocol (ENET ENCAP) is only implemented with the IP
network protocol. IP packets are routed between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interface and
then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. For instance, it
encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged ATM cells. ENET ENCAP requires that you specify
a gateway IP address in the Gateway IP Address field in the wizard or WAN screen. You can get
this information from your ISP.
6.4.1.2 PPP over Ethernet
The AMG1302-T11C supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF Draft
standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem
(DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. The PPPoE option is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing
access control systems (for example RADIUS).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a
function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and
offer new IP services for individuals.
Maximum
Burst Size Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the
peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535.
PPPoE
Passthrough
If encapsulation type is PPPoE, select this to enable PPPoE Passthrough. In addition to the
Device’s built-in PPPoE client, you can select this to allow hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE
client software on their computers to connect to the ISP via the device. Each host can have
a separate account and a public WAN IP address.
MTU
MTU The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) defines the size of the largest packet allowed on an
interface or connection. Enter the MTU in this field.
For ENET ENCAP, the MTU value is 1500.
For PPPoE, the MTU value is 1492.
For PPPoA and RFC, the MTU is 100-1500.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 15 Network Setting > Broadband > More Connections: Edit: Advanced Setup (continued)
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Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no
specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the AMG1302-T11C (rather than individual computers), the
computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the AMG1302-T11C does that
part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.
6.4.1.3 PPPoA
PPPoA stands for Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). A PPPoA connection
functions like a dial-up Internet connection. The AMG1302-T11C encapsulates the PPP session
based on RFC1483 and sends it through an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) to the Internet
Service Provider’s (ISP) DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Access Multiplexer). Please refer to
RFC 2364 for more information on PPPoA. Refer to RFC 1661 for more information on PPP.
6.4.1.4 RFC 1483
RFC 1483 describes two methods for Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5
(AAL5). The first method allows multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single ATM virtual circuit
(LLC-based multiplexing) and the second method assumes that each protocol is carried over a
separate ATM virtual circuit (VC-based multiplexing). Please refer to RFC 1483 for more detailed
information.
6.4.2 Multiplexing
There are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is carrying. Be sure to
use the multiplexing method required by your ISP.
VC-based Multiplexing
In this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific virtual circuit; for
example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be dominant in environments where
dynamic creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is fast and economical.
LLC-based Multiplexing
In this case one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information being contained
in each packet header. Despite the extra bandwidth and processing overhead, this method may be
advantageous if it is not practical to have a separate VC for each carried protocol, for example, if
charging heavily depends on the number of simultaneous VCs.
6.4.3 VPI and VCI
Be sure to use the correct Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) numbers
assigned to you. The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255 and for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is
reserved for local management of ATM traffic). Please see the appendix for more information.
6.4.4 IP Address Assignment
A static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a
different one each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you have
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either a dynamic or static IP. However the encapsulation method assigned influences your choices
for IP address and ENET ENCAP gateway.
IP Assignment with PPPoA or PPPoE Encapsulation
If you have a dynamic IP, then the IP Address and Gateway IP Address fields are not applicable
(N/A). If you have a Static IP Address assigned by your ISP, then they should also assign you a
Subnet Mask and a Gateway IP Address.
IP Assignment with RFC 1483 Encapsulation
In this case the IP address assignment must be static.
IP Assignment with ENET ENCAP Encapsulation
In this case you can have either a static or dynamic IP. For a static IP you must fill in all the IP
Address and Gateway IP Address fields as supplied by your ISP. However for a dynamic IP, the
AMG1302-T11C acts as a DHCP client on the WAN port and so the IP Address and Gateway IP
Address fields are not applicable (N/A) as the DHCP server assigns them to the AMG1302-T11C.
6.4.5 Nailed-Up Connection (PPP)
A nailed-up connection is a dial-up line where the connection is always up regardless of traffic
demand. The AMG1302-T11C does two things when you specify a nailed-up connection. The first is
that idle timeout is disabled. The second is that the AMG1302-T11C will try to bring up the
connection when turned on and whenever the connection is down. A nailed-up connection can be
very expensive for obvious reasons.
Do not specify a nailed-up connection unless your telephone company offers flat-rate service or you
need a constant connection and the cost is of no concern.
6.4.6 NAT
NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in
a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a
different IP address known within another network.
6.5 Traffic Shaping
Traffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average rate
and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This agreement helps eliminate
congestion, which is important for transmission of real time data such as audio and video
connections.
Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This parameter may
be lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM cell is 53 bytes (424 bits), so a
maximum speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not guaranteed
because it is dependent on the line speed.
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Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It specifies the
maximum average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual connection. SCR may not be
greater than the PCR.
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the PCR. After MBS
is reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages to the SCR again. At this time, more
cells (up to the MBS) can be sent at the PCR again.
If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a maximum value that
correlates to your upstream line rate.
The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS.
Figure 25 Example of Traffic Shaping
6.5.1 ATM Traffic Classes
These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic Management 4.0
Specification.
Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is being
sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for connections
that continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds
this rate, cells may be dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR would be high-resolution
video and voice.
Variable Bit Rate (VBR)
The Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections. Connections that use
the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into real time (VBR-RT) or non-real time
(VBR-nRT) connections.
The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that require closely
controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed amount of bandwidth (a PCR is
specified) but is only available when data is being sent. An example of an VBR-RT connection would
be video conferencing. Video conferencing requires real-time data transfers and the bandwidth
requirement varies in proportion to the video image's changing dynamics.
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The VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that do not
require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is commonly used for "bursty" traffic typical
on LANs. PCR and MBS define the burst levels, SCR defines the minimum level. An example of an
VBR-nRT connection would be non-time sensitive data file transfers.
Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers. However, UBR doesn't
guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the network has spare bandwidth. An
example application is background file transfer.
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CHAPTER 7
Wireless LAN
7.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to perform tasks related to setting up and optimizing your wireless
network, including the following.
• Turning the wireless connection on or off.
• Configuring a name, wireless channel and security for the network.
• Using WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) to configure your wireless network.
• Setting up multiple wireless networks.
• Using a MAC (Media Access Control) address filter to restrict access to the wireless network.
• Performing other performance-related wireless tasks.
7.1.1 What You Can Do in the Wireless LAN Screens
This section describes the AMG1302-T11C’s Network Setting > Wireless screens. Use these
screens to set up your AMG1302-T11C’s wireless connection.
•Use the General screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless
security mode (Section 7.2 on page 88).
•Use the More/guest AP screen (see Section 7.3 on page 94) to set up multiple wireless
networks on your AMG1302-T11C.
•Use the MAC Authentication screen to allow or deny wireless clients based on their MAC
addresses from connecting to the AMG1302-T11C (Section 7.4 on page 96).
•Use the WPS screen (see Section 7.5 on page 98) to enable or disable WPS, generate a security
PIN (Personal Identification Number) and see information about the AMG1302-T11C’s WPS
status.
•Use the WDS screen (see Section 7.6 on page 100) to set up a Wireless Distribution System, in
which the AMG1302-T11C acts as a bridge with other ZyXEL access points.
•Use the WMM screen to enable WiFi MultiMedia (WMM) to ensure quality of service in wireless
networks for multimedia applications (Section 7.7 on page 101).
•Use the Scheduling screen (see Section 7.8 on page 102) to configure the dates/times to enable
or disable the wireless LAN.
•Use the Advanced screen to configure wireless advanced features (Section 7.9 on page 103).
You don’t necessarily need to use all these screens to set up your wireless connection. For example,
you may just want to set up a network name, a wireless radio channel and security in the General
screen.
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7.1.2 What You Need to Know About Wireless
Wireless Basics
“Wireless” is essentially radio communication. In the same way that walkie-talkie radios send and
receive information over the airwaves, wireless networking devices exchange information with one
another. A wireless networking device is just like a radio that lets your computer exchange
information with radios attached to other computers. Like walkie-talkies, most wireless networking
devices operate at radio frequency bands that are open to the public and do not require a license to
use. However, wireless networking is different from that of most traditional radio communications in
that there a number of wireless networking standards available with different methods of data
encryption.
Finding Out More
See Section 7.10 on page 105 for advanced technical information on wireless networks.
7.1.3 Before You Start
Before you start using these screens, ask yourself the following questions. See Section 7.1.2 on
page 88 if some of the terms used here are not familiar to you.
• What wireless standards do the other wireless devices in your network support (IEEE 802.11g,
for example)? What is the most appropriate standard to use?
• What security options do the other wireless devices in your network support (WPA-PSK, for
example)? What is the strongest security option supported by all the devices in your network?
• Do the other wireless devices in your network support WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)? If so, you
can set up a well-secured network very easily.
Even if some of your devices support WPS and some do not, you can use WPS to set up your
network and then add the non-WPS devices manually, although this is somewhat more
complicated to do.
• What advanced options do you want to configure, if any? If you want to configure advanced
options such as Quality of Service, ensure that you know precisely what you want to do. If you do
not want to configure advanced options, leave them as they are.
7.2 The General Screen
Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode.
Note: If you are configuring the AMG1302-T11C from a computer connected to the
wireless LAN and you change the AMG1302-T11C’s SSID, channel or security
settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm.
You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the
AMG1302-T11C’s new settings.
Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen.
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Figure 26 Network Setting > Wireless > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 16 Network Setting > Wireless > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Network Setup
Wireless Select Enable Wireless LAN to activate wireless LAN.
Wireless Network Settings
Wireless
Network Name
(SSID)
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is
associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same
SSID.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot
obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Client
Isolation Select this to keep the wireless clients in this SSID from communicating with each other
through the AMG1302-T11C.
MBSSID/LAN
Isolation Select this to keep the wireless clients in this SSID from communicating with clients in
other SSIDs or wired LAN devices through the AMG1302-T11C.
Select both Client Isolation and MBSSID/LAN Isolation to allow this SSID’s wireless
clients to only connect to the Internet through the AMG1302-T11C.
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7.2.1 No Security
Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any
data encryption or authentication.
Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your AMG1302-T11C, your network is
accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.
Figure 27 Wireless > General: No Security
7.2.2 Basic (WEP Encryption)
WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points
(AP) to keep network communications private. Both the wireless stations and the access points
must use the same WEP key.
Channel
Selection
Set the operating channel manually by selecting a channel from the Channel Selection
list or use Auto to have it automatically determine a channel to use.
Operating
Channel
This field displays the channel the AMG1302-T11C is currently using.
Enhanced
Multicast
Forwarding
Select Enable to allow the AMG1302-T11C to convert wireless multicast traffic into
wireless unicast traffic.
Max. Upstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for upstream wireless traffic to the WAN from this WLAN in
kilobits per second (Kbps).
Max.
Downstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for downstream wireless traffic to this WLAN from the WAN in
kilobits per second (Kbps).
Security Level
Security Mode Select Basic (WEP) or More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK, WPA(2)) to add security on this
wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have
same wireless security settings as the AMG1302-T11C. When you select to use a security,
additional options appears in this screen.
Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any
data encryption or authentication.
See the following sections for more details about this field.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 16 Network Setting > Wireless > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Note: WEP is extremely insecure. Its encryption can be broken by an attacker, using
widely-available software. It is strongly recommended that you use a more
effective security mechanism. Use the strongest security mechanism that all the
wireless devices in your network support. For example, use WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK
if all your wireless devices support it, or use WPA or WPA2 if your wireless devices
support it and you have a RADIUS server. If your wireless devices support nothing
stronger than WEP, use the highest encryption level available.
Your AMG1302-T11C allows you to configure one 64-bit or 128-bit WEP key.
In order to configure and enable WEP encryption, click Network Setting > Wireless to display the
General screen, then select Basic as the security level.
Figure 28 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP)
The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Ta ble 17 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Level Select Basic to enable WEP data encryption.
Security Mode This shows WEP when you set Security Level to Basic.
Generate
password
automatically
Select this option to have the AMG1302-T11C automatically generate a password. The
password field will not be configurable when you select this option.
Password The password (WEP key) are used to encrypt data. Both the AMG1302-T11C and the
wireless stations must use the same password (WEP key) for data transmission.
If you chose 64Bits WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters
("0-9", "A-F").
If you chose 128Bits WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters
("0-9", "A-F").
WEP Encryption Select 64Bits or 128Bits.
This dictates the length of the security key that the network is going to use.
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7.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK)
The WPA-PSK security mode provides both improved data encryption and user authentication over
WEP. Using a Pre-Shared Key (PSK), both the AMG1302-T11C and the connecting client share a
common password in order to validate the connection. This type of encryption, while robust, is not
as strong as WPA, WPA2 or even WPA2-PSK. The WPA2-PSK security mode is a newer, more robust
version of the WPA encryption standard. It offers slightly better security, although the use of PSK
makes it less robust than it could be.
Click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the
security level. Then select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list.
Figure 29 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK
The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Ta ble 18 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Level Select More Secure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption.
Security Mode Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box.
Pre-Shared Key The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only
difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password,
instead of user-specific credentials.
Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive keyboard characters.
More/hide Click More to show more fields in this section. Click hide to hide them.
WPA-PSK Compatible This field appears when you choose WPA-PSK2 as the Security Mode.
Select Enable to allow wireless devices using WPA-PSK security mode to connect to
your AMG1302-T11C. The AMG1302-T11C supports WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK
simultaneously. Otherwise, select Disable.
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7.2.4 WPA(2) Authentication
The WPA2 security mode is currently the most robust form of encryption for wireless networks. It
requires a RADIUS server to authenticate user credentials and is a full implementation the security
protocol. Use this security option for maximum protection of your network. However, it is the least
backwards compatible with older devices.
The WPA security mode is a security subset of WPA2. It requires the presence of a RADIUS server
on your network in order to validate user credentials. This encryption standard is slightly older than
WPA2 and therefore is more compatible with older devices.
Click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the
security level. Then select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Mode list.
Figure 30 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)
Group Key Update
Timer
The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new
group key out to all clients.
Encryption This field displays the encryption type for data encryption.
If you choose WPA-PSK as the security mode, the AMG1302-T11C uses TKIP for data
encryption.
If you choose WPA2-PSK as the security mode and enable WPA-PSK Compatible, the
AMG1302-T11C uses either TKIP and AES (TKIPAES MIX) for data encryption.
If you choose WPA2-PSK as the security mode but disable WPA-PSK Compatible, the
AMG1302-T11C uses AES for data encryption.
Ta ble 18 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.3 The More/guest AP Screen
This screen allows you to enable and configure multiple Basic Service Sets (BSSs) on the AMG1302-
T11C.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > More/guest AP. The following screen displays.
Figure 31 Network Setting > Wireless > More/guest AP
Ta ble 19 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Level Select More Secure to enable WPA(2) data encryption.
Security Mode Choose WPA or WPA2 from the drop-down list box.
Authentication Server
IP Address Enter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted decimal notation.
Port Number Enter the port number of the external authentication server.
You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do
so with additional information.
Shared Secret Enter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between
the external authentication server and the AMG1302-T11C.
The key must be the same on the external authentication server and your AMG1302-
T11C. The key is not sent over the network.
More/hide Click More to show more fields in this section. Click hide to hide them.
ReAuthentication
Timer
Enter how often the external authentication server requires a connected wireless client
to reauthenticate itself to the server again.
WPA Compatible This field is only available for WPA2. Select this if you want the AMG1302-T11C to
support WPA and WPA2 simultaneously.
Group Key Update
Timer
The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new
group key out to all clients.
Encryption Select the encryption type for data encryption.
If you choose WPA as the security mode, the AMG1302-T11C uses TKIP for data
encryption.
If you choose WPA2 as the security mode and enable WPA-PSK Compatible, the
AMG1302-T11C uses either TKIP and AES (TKIPAES MIX) for data encryption.
If you choose WPA2 as the security mode but disable WPA-PSK Compatible, the
AMG1302-T11C uses AES for data encryption.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.3.1 More/guest AP Edit
Use this screen to edit an SSID profile. Click the Edit icon next to an SSID in the More/guest AP
screen. The following screen displays.
Figure 32 Network Setting > Wireless > More/guest AP: Edit
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Ta ble 20 Network Setting > Wireless > More/guest AP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the index number of each SSID profile.
Active This field indicates whether this SSID is active. A yellow bulb signifies that this SSID is active. A
gray bulb signifies that this SSID is not active.
SSID An SSID profile is the set of parameters relating to one of the AMG1302-T11C’s BSSs. The SSID
(Service Set IDentifier) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless device is associated.
This field displays the name of the wireless profile on the network. When a wireless client scans for
an AP to associate with, this is the name that is broadcast and seen in the wireless client utility.
Security This field indicates the security mode of the SSID profile.
Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the SSID profile.
Ta ble 21 Network Setting > Wireless > More/guest AP: Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Network Setup
Wireless Select Enable Wireless LAN to activate wireless LAN.
Wireless Network Settings
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7.4 The MAC Authentication Screen
This screen allows you to configure the AMG1302-T11C to give exclusive access to specific devices
(Allow) or exclude specific devices from accessing the AMG1302-T11C (Deny). Every Ethernet
device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the
factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You
need to know the MAC addresses of the devices to configure this screen.
Wireless Network Name
(SSID)
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless
device is associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must
have the same SSID.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless
LAN.
Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station
cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Guest WLAN Select this to create Guest WLANs for home and external clients. Select the WLAN
type in the Access Scenario field.
Access Scenario If you select Home Guest, clients connecting to the same SSID can communicate
with each other directly.
If you select External Guest, clients are blocked from connecting to each other
directly.
Max. Upstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for upstream wireless traffic to the WAN from this WLAN
in kilobits per second (Kbps).
Max. Downstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for downstream wireless traffic to this WLAN from the
WAN in kilobits per second (Kbps).
Security Level
Security Mode Select Basic (WEP) or More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK, WPA(2)) to add security on
this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network
must have same wireless security settings as the AMG1302-T11C. After you select
to use a security, additional options appears in this screen.
Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without
any data encryption or authentication.
See Section 7.2.1 on page 90 for more details about this field.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Ta ble 21 Network Setting > Wireless > More/guest AP: Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Use this screen to view your AMG1302-T11C’s MAC filter settings and add new MAC filter rules.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 33 Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.4.1 MAC Address Add/Edit
Use this screen to add or edit a MAC address. Click the Add new MAC address button or the Edit
icon next to a MAC address entry in the MAC Authentication screen. The following screen
displays.
Ta ble 22 Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SSID Select the SSID for which you want to configure MAC filter settings.
MAC Restrict
Mode
Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC address table.
Select Disable to turn off MAC filtering.
Select Allow to permit access to the AMG1302-T11C. MAC addresses not listed will be
denied access to the AMG1302-T11C.
Select Deny to block access to the AMG1302-T11C. MAC addresses not listed will be allowed
to access the AMG1302-T11C.
Add new MAC
address
Click this if you want to add a new MAC address entry to the MAC filter list below.
#This is the index number of the entry.
MAC Address This is the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the
AMG1302-T11C.
Modify Click the Edit icon to change the MAC address.
Click the Delete icon to delete the entry.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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Figure 34 Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication: Add/Edit
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
7.5 The WPS Screen
Use this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your AMG1302-T11C.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to
configure security settings manually. Set up each WPS connection between two devices. Both
devices must support WPS. See Section 7.10.8.3 on page 113 for more information about WPS.
Note: The AMG1302-T11C applies the security settings configured in the General screen
(see Section 7.2 on page 88). If you want to use the WPS feature, make sure you
have set the security mode to WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or No Security.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WPS. The following screen displays. Select Enable and click
Apply to activate the WPS function. Then you can configure the WPS settings in this screen.
Ta ble 23 Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Mac Address Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to
the AMG1302-T11C in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC
address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example,
12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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Figure 35 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 24 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General
WPS Select Enable to activate WPS on the AMG1302-T11C. Otherwise, select Disable to
deactivate WPS.
Add a new device with WPS Method
Method 1 PBC Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network using Push Button Configuration
(PBC).
WPS Click this button to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within wireless range of
the AMG1302-T11C) to your wireless network. This button may either be a physical
button on the outside of device, or a menu button similar to the WPS button on this
screen.
Note: You must press the other wireless device’s WPS button within two minutes of
pressing this button.
Method 2 PIN Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network by entering the PIN of the client into
the AMG1302-T11C.
Register Enter the PIN of the device that you are setting up a WPS connection with and click
Register to authenticate and add the wireless device to your wireless network.
You can find the PIN either on the outside of the device, or by checking the device’s
settings.
Note: You must also activate WPS on that device within two minutes to have it present its
PIN to the AMG1302-T11C.
WPS Configuration Summary
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7.6 The WDS Screen
An AP using the Wireless Distribution System (WDS) can function as a wireless network bridge
allowing you to wirelessly connect wired network segments. The WDS screen allows you to
configure the AMG1302-T11C to connect to other APs wirelessly when WDS is enabled.
Use this screen to set up your WDS (Wireless Distribution System) links between the AMG1302-
T11C and other wireless APs. You need to know the MAC address of the peer device. Once the
security settings of peer sides match one another, the connection between devices is made.
Note: WDS security is independent of the security settings between the AMG1302-T11C
and any wireless clients.
Note: At the time of writing, WDS is compatible with other ZyXEL APs only. Not all models
support WDS links. Check your other AP’s documentation.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WDS. The following screen displays.
AP PIN The PIN (Personal Identification Number) of the AMG1302-T11C is shown here. Enter this
PIN in the configuration utility of the device you want to connect to using WPS.
The PIN is not necessary when you use WPS push-button method.
Click the Generate New PIN button to have the AMG1302-T11C create a new PIN.
Status This displays Configured when the AMG1302-T11C has connected to a wireless network
using WPS or Enable WPS is selected and wireless or wireless security settings have
been changed. The current wireless and wireless security settings also appear in the
screen.
This displays Unconfigured if WPS is disabled and there is no wireless or wireless
security changes on the AMG1302-T11C or you click Release to remove the configured
wireless and wireless security settings.
Release
Configuration The default WPS status is Unconfigured.
When the WPS status is Configured, click this button to remove all configured wireless
and wireless security settings for WPS connections on the AMG1302-T11C.
802.11 Mode This field displays the AMG1302-T11C’s wireless mode that only allows the compliant
WLAN devices to associate with it.
SSID This field displays the SSID the AMG1302-T11C is currently using.
Security This field displays the security mode the AMG1302-T11C is currently using.
Pre-Shared Key This field displays the pre-shared key the AMG1302-T11C uses when the security mode
is set to WPA(2)-PSK.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 24 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 36 Network Setting > Wireless > WDS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.7 The WMM Screen
Use this screen to enable WiFi MultiMedia (WMM) and WMM Power Save in wireless networks for
multimedia applications.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WMM. The following screen displays.
Figure 37 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM
Ta ble 25 Network Setting > Wireless > WDS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WDS Security Select the type of the key used to encrypt data between APs. All the wireless APs
(including the AMG1302-T11C) must use the same pre-shared key for data transmission.
The option is available only when you set the security mode to WPA(2) or WPA(2)-
PSK in the Wireless > General screen.
TKIP Select this to use TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) encryption.
AES Select this to use AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) encryption.
# This is the index number of the individual WDS link.
Active Select this to activate the link between the AMG1302-T11C and the peer device to which
this entry refers. When you do not select the check box this link is down.
Remote Bridge
MAC Address
Type the MAC address of the peer device in a valid MAC address format (six hexadecimal
character pairs, for example 12:34:56:78:9a:bc).
PSK Enter a Pre-Shared Key (PSK) from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters (including
spaces and symbols).
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.8 The Scheduling Screen
The wireless LAN can be scheduled to disable on certain days and at certain times. Use this screen
to view the wireless scheduling rules on the AMG1302-T11C. Click Network Setting > Wireless >
Scheduling. The following screen displays.
Figure 38 Network Setting > Wireless > Scheduling
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 26 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable WMM of
SSID1~4
Use the checkboxes to determine whether to have the AMG1302-T11C automatically give
a service a priority level according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends
for a wireless network. WMM QoS (WiFi MultiMedia Quality of Service) gives high priority
to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 27 Network Setting > Wireless > Scheduling
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WLAN Power Off
Scheduling
Select Enable or Disable to activate or deactivate wireless LAN scheduling on your
AMG1302-T11C.
Add New Rule Click this button to create a new WLAN power-off scheduling rule.
# This field displays the index number of a rule.
Rule Name This field displays the descriptive name of a rule.
Days This field displays whether wireless power-off scheduling is active on the day(s).
Green color means the AMG1302-T11C turns off the wireless LAN in the specified time
period of the day(s).
Start Time This field displays the time of day when power-off scheduling starts and the AMG1302-
T11C turns off the wireless LAN.
End Time This field displays the time of day when power-off scheduling ends and the AMG1302-
T11C turns on the wireless LAN again.
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7.8.1 Scheduling Rule Add/Edit
Use this screen to set the times your wireless LAN is turned off. To open this screen, click the Add
New Rule button or an existing rule’s Edit icon in the Network Setting > Wireless >
Scheduling screen.
Figure 39 Network Setting > Wireless > Scheduling: Add New Rule/Edit
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
7.9 The Advanced Screen
Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings. Click Network Setting > Wireless >
Advanced, the screen appears as shown.
See Section 7.10.2 on page 107 for detailed definitions of the terms listed in this screen.
Modify Click Edit to configure the rule.
Clcik Delete to remove the rule.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 27 Network Setting > Wireless > Scheduling
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 28 Network Setting > Wireless > Scheduling: Add New Rule/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Rule Name Enter a descriptive name for identification purposes. You can enter up to 15
alphanumeric characters. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes “-”and underscores “_”
are accepted.
Day Check which day(s) of the week you want to turn the wireless LAN off.
Time of Day Range Specify a time frame during which the schedule would apply.
For example, if you set the time range from 12:00 to 23:00, the wireless LAN will be
turned off only during this time period.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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Figure 40 Network Setting > Wireless> Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 29 Network Setting > Wireless> Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Fragmentation
Threshold
This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value between 256 and
2346.
Preamble Select a preamble type from the drop-down list menu. Choices are Long or Short. See
the Appendix E on page 270 for more information.
802.11 Mode Select 802.11b to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate with the
AMG1302-T11C.
Select 802.11g to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the
AMG1302-T11C.
Select 802.11b+g to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices
to associate with the AMG1302-T11C. The transmission rate of your AMG1302-T11C might
be reduced.
Select 802.11n to allow only IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the
AMG1302-T11C.
Select 802.11g+n to allow either IEEE 802.11g or IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices
to associate with the AMG1302-T11C. The transmission rate of your AMG1302-T11C might
be reduced.
Select 802.11b+g+n to allow IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g or IEEE802.11n compliant
WLAN devices to associate with the AMG1302-T11C. The transmission rate of your
AMG1302-T11C might be reduced.
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7.10 Wireless LAN Technical Reference
This section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see the appendix.
7.10.1 Wireless Network Overview
Wireless networks consist of wireless clients, access points and bridges.
• A wireless client is a radio connected to a user’s computer.
• An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can connect with
numerous wireless clients and let them access the network.
• A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and wireless clients,
extending a network’s range.
Channel Width Select whether the AMG1302-T11C uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz or Auto. If
Auto is selected, the AMG1302-T11C will use 40MHz if it is supported.
A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz
channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300 Mbps.
40MHz (channel bonding or dual channel) bonds two adjacent radio channels to increase
throughput. The wireless clients must also support 40 MHz. It is often better to use the 20
MHz setting in a location where the environment hinders the wireless signal.
Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your
neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support channel bonding.
This field is available only when you set the 802.11 Mode to 802.11n, 802.11g+n or
802.11b+g+n.
E-mail notification when the wireless guest visit
Enable E-mail
notification
Select this to have the AMG1302-T11C e-mail you a notification when a wireless client is
connected to the wireless network.
SMTP
Authentication
Select this check box if it is necessary to provide a user name and password to the SMTP
server.
Interface Select the wireless network(s) on the AMG1302-T11C to which you want to apply the e-
mail notification settings.
Mail Server Type the name or IP address of the outgoing SMTP server.
Mail Server Port Enter the same port number here as is on the mail server for mail traffic.
Mail Subject Type the subject line for the outgoing e-mail.
From Type the e-mail address from which the outgoing e-mail is delivered. This address is used
in replies.
To Type the e-mail address (or addresses) to which the outgoing e-mail is delivered.
User Name This box is effective when you select the SMTP Authentication check box. Type the user
name to provide to the SMTP server when the log is e-mailed.
Password This box is effective when you select the SMTP Authentication check box. Type the
password to provide to the SMTP server when the log is e-mailed.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 29 Network Setting > Wireless> Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways.
• An “infrastructure” type of network has one or more access points and one or more wireless
clients. The wireless clients connect to the access points.
• An “ad-hoc” type of network is one in which there is no access point. Wireless clients connect to
one another in order to exchange information.
The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Figure 41 Example of a Wireless Network
The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B use the
access point (AP) to interact with the other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your
AMG1302-T11C is the AP.
Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.
The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentifier.
• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel.
Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or
frequency, to send and receive information.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP.
Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the
information that is sent in the wireless network.
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Radio Channels
In the radio spectrum, there are certain frequency bands allocated for unlicensed, civilian use. For
the purposes of wireless networking, these bands are divided into numerous channels. This allows a
variety of networks to exist in the same place without interfering with one another. When you
create a network, you must select a channel to use.
Since the available unlicensed spectrum varies from one country to another, the number of
available channels also varies.
7.10.2 Additional Wireless Terms
The following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in the AMG1302-
T11C’s Web Configurator.
7.10.3 Wireless Security Overview
By their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data networks, this
means that anyone within range of a wireless network without security can not only read the data
passing over the airwaves, but also join the network. Once an unauthorized person has access to
the network, he or she can steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to
compromise the network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems have been developed to
ensure that only authorized people can use a wireless data network, or understand the data carried
on it.
These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that only people
presenting the right credentials (often a username and password, or a “key” phrase) can access the
network. Second, they encrypt. This means that the information sent over the air is encoded. Only
people with the code key can understand the information, and only people who have been
authenticated are given the code key.
These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the old Wired
Equivalent Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security at all, but it will not keep a
determined attacker out. Other security standards are secure in themselves but can be broken if a
user does not use them properly. For example, the WPA-PSK security standard is very secure if you
use a long key which is difficult for an attacker’s software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter
long string of apparently random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure if you use a short
key which is very easy to guess - for example, a three-letter word from the dictionary.
Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, it’s not just people who have
sensitive information on their network who should use security. Everybody who uses any wireless
network should ensure that effective security is in place.
Ta ble 30 Additional Wireless Terms
TERM DESCRIPTION
Preamble A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble
modes: long and short. If a device uses a different preamble mode than the
AMG1302-T11C does, it cannot communicate with the AMG1302-T11C.
Authentication The process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless
network.
Fragmentation
Threshold
A small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a larger
threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy.
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A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use obscure
information that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a way that appears random
and does not include real words. For example, if your mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and
her favorite movie is Vanishing Point (which you know was made in 1971) you could use
“70dodchal71vanpoi” as your security key.
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless
network.
7.10.3.1 SSID
Normally, the AMG1302-T11C acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You
can hide the SSID instead, in which case the AMG1302-T11C does not broadcast the SSID. In
addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess.
This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless
devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that
is sent in the wireless network.
7.10.3.2 MAC Address Filter
Every device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number, called a MAC
address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example,
00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each device in the wireless
network, see the device’s User’s Guide or other documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the AMG1302-T11C which devices are allowed or not
allowed to use the wireless network. If a device is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to
have the correct information (SSID, channel, and security). If a device is not allowed to use the
wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct information.
This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the MAC address of an
authorized device. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.
7.10.3.3 User Authentication
Authentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless
network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network before using it. However, every
device in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this.
For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user in a RADIUS
server. This is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you do not have a RADIUS server,
you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users.
Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network,
even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized
wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and
password to use the wireless network.
1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds
of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
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7.10.3.4 Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless
network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot
understand the message.
The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication. (See Section
7.10.3.3 on page 108 for information about this.)
For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users
do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or
WPA2-PSK.
Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every device in the wireless network
supports. For example, suppose you have a wireless network with the AMG1302-T11C and you do
not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no authentication. Suppose the wireless network has
two devices. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA-PSK. Therefore, you
should set up Static WEP in the wireless network.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger
encryption. The other types of encryption are better than none at all, but it is still
possible for unauthorized wireless devices to figure out the original information
pretty quickly.
When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your AMG1302-T11C, you can also select an option (WPA
compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some of the devices support WPA and some
support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network
login) and select the WPA compatible option in the AMG1302-T11C.
Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer
the key, the stronger the encryption. Every device in the wireless network must have the same key.
7.10.4 Signal Problems
Because wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to limitations of distance,
interference and absorption.
Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with interference
occur when other radio waves interrupt the data signal. Interference may come from other radio
transmissions, such as military or air traffic control communications, or from machines that are
coincidental emitters such as electric motors or microwaves. Problems with absorption occur when
physical objects (such as thick walls) are between the two radios, muffling the signal.
Ta ble 31 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication
NO AUTHENTICATION RADIUS SERVER
Weakest No Security WPA
Static WEP
WPA-PSK
Strongest WPA2-PSK WPA2
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7.10.5 BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a
wireless station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is
disabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other.
When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is enabled, wireless station A and B can still access the wired
network but cannot communicate with each other.
Figure 42 Basic Service set
7.10.6 MBSSID
Traditionally, you need to use different APs to configure different Basic Service Sets (BSSs). As well
as the cost of buying extra APs, there is also the possibility of channel interference. The AMG1302-
T11C’s MBSSID (Multiple Basic Service Set IDentifier) function allows you to use one access point to
provide several BSSs simultaneously. You can then assign varying QoS priorities and/or security
modes to different SSIDs.
Wireless devices can use different BSSIDs to associate with the same AP.
7.10.6.1 Notes on Multiple BSSs
• A maximum of eight BSSs are allowed on one AP simultaneously.
• You must use different keys for different BSSs. If two wireless devices have different BSSIDs
(they are in different BSSs), but have the same keys, they may hear each other’s
communications (but not communicate with each other).
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• MBSSID should not replace but rather be used in conjunction with 802.1x security.
7.10.7 Wireless Distribution System (WDS)
The AMG1302-T11C can act as a wireless network bridge and establish WDS (Wireless Distribution
System) links with other APs. You need to know the MAC addresses of the APs you want to link to.
Once the security settings of peer sides match one another, the connection between devices is
made.
At the time of writing, WDS security is compatible with other ZyXEL access points only. Refer to
your other access point’s documentation for details.
The following figure illustrates how WDS link works between APs. Notebook computer A is a
wireless client connecting to access point AP 1. AP 1 has no wired Internet connection, but it can
establish a WDS link with access point AP 2, which has a wired Internet connection. When AP 1
has a WDS link with AP 2 , the notebook computer can access the Internet through AP 2.
Figure 43 WDS Link Example
7.10.8 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)
Your AMG1302-T11C supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure
wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to
configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both
devices must support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure).
Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its
configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device
to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two
minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set
up a secure network by themselves.
7.10.8.1 Push Button Configuration
WPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each WPS-enabled
device, and allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need to enter any information.
Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS PBC button in
their configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical button.
Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button.
1Ensure that the two devices you want to set up are within wireless range of one another.
WDS
AP 2
AP 1
A
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2Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into its configuration
utility and locate the button (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to do this - for the AMG1302-
T11C, see Section 7.6 on page 100).
3Press the button on one of the devices (it doesn’t matter which). For the AMG1302-T11C you must
press the WPS button for more than three seconds.
4Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the network name
(SSID) and security key through an secure connection to the enrollee.
If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s
configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
7.10.8.2 PIN Configuration
Each WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be
static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can generate a new PIN by clicking
on a button in the configuration interface).
Use the PIN method instead of the push-button configuration (PBC) method if you want to ensure
that the connection is established between the devices you specify, not just the first two devices to
activate WPS in range of each other. However, you need to log into the configuration interfaces of
both devices to use the PIN method.
When you use the PIN method, you must enter the PIN from one device (usually the wireless client)
into the second device (usually the Access Point or wireless router). Then, when WPS is activated
on the first device, it presents its PIN to the second device. If the PIN matches, one device sends
the network and security information to the other, allowing it to join the network.
Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or wireless router
(referred to here as the AP) and a client device using the PIN method.
1Ensure WPS is enabled on both devices.
2Access the WPS section of the AP’s configuration interface. See the device’s User’s Guide for how to
do this.
3Look for the client’s WPS PIN; it will be displayed either on the device, or in the WPS section of the
client’s configuration interface (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to find the WPS PIN - for the
AMG1302-T11C, see Section 7.5 on page 98).
4Enter the client’s PIN in the AP’s configuration interface.
5If the client device’s configuration interface has an area for entering another device’s PIN, you can
either enter the client’s PIN in the AP, or enter the AP’s PIN in the client - it does not matter which.
6Start WPS on both devices within two minutes.
7Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the device itself.
8On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. If you can connect,
WPS was successful.
If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If
you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
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The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer)
connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method.
Figure 44 Example WPS Process: PIN Method
7.10.8.3 How WPS Works
When two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role. One device acts
as the registrar (the device that supplies network and security settings) and the other device acts
as the enrollee (the device that receives network and security settings. The registrar creates a
secure EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) tunnel and sends the network name (SSID) and the
WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key to the enrollee. Whether WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK is used
depends on the standards supported by the devices. If the registrar is already part of a network, it
sends the existing information. If not, it generates the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly.
The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a
WPS-enabled access point.
ENROLLEE
SECURE EAP TUNNEL
SSID
WPA(2)-PSK
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
COMMUNICATION
This device’s
WPS
Enter WPS PIN
WPS
from other device:
WPS PIN: 123456
WPS
START
WPS
START
REGISTRAR
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Figure 45 How WPS works
The roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is active (two
minutes). The next time you use WPS, a different device can be the registrar if necessary.
The WPS connection process is like a handshake; only two devices participate in each WPS
transaction. If you want to add more devices you should repeat the process with one of the existing
networked devices and the new device.
Note that the access point (AP) is not always the registrar, and the wireless client is not always the
enrollee. All WPS-certified APs can be a registrar, and so can some WPS-enabled wireless clients.
By default, a WPS devices is “unconfigured”. This means that it is not part of an existing network
and can act as either enrollee or registrar (if it supports both functions). If the registrar is
unconfigured, the security settings it transmits to the enrollee are randomly-generated. Once a
WPS-enabled device has connected to another device using WPS, it becomes “configured”. A
configured wireless client can still act as enrollee or registrar in subsequent WPS connections, but a
configured access point can no longer act as enrollee. It will be the registrar in all subsequent WPS
connections in which it is involved. If you want a configured AP to act as an enrollee, you must reset
it to its factory defaults.
7.10.8.4 Example WPS Network Setup
This section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup.
The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1 are
unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1
is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar randomly generates the security
information to set up the network, since it is unconfigured and has no existing information.
SECURE TUNNEL
SECURITY INFO
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
COMMUNICATION
ACTIVATE
WPS
ACTIVATE
WPS
WPS HANDSHAKE
REGISTRARENROLLEE
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Figure 46 WPS: Example Network Step 1
In step 2, you add another wireless client to the network. You know that Client 1 supports registrar
mode, but it is better to use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new client since you must
connect to the access point anyway in order to use the network. In this case, AP1 must be the
registrar, since it is configured (it already has security information for the network). AP1 supplies
the existing security information to Client 2.
Figure 47 WPS: Example Network Step 2
In step 3, you add another access point (AP2) to your network. AP2 is out of range of AP1, so you
cannot use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access point. However, you know that Client
2 supports the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead.
REGISTRARENROLLEE
SECURITY INFO
CLIENT 1 AP1
REGISTRAR
CLIENT 1 AP1
ENROLLEE
CLIENT 2
EXISTING CONNECTION
SECURITY INFO
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Figure 48 WPS: Example Network Step 3
7.10.8.5 Limitations of WPS
WPS has some limitations of which you should be aware.
• WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client communicate). It
does not work in Ad-Hoc networks (where there is no AP).
• When you use WPS, it works between two devices only. You cannot enroll multiple devices
simultaneously, you must enroll one after the other.
For instance, if you have two enrollees and one registrar you must set up the first enrollee (by
pressing the WPS button on the registrar and the first enrollee, for example), then check that it
successfully enrolled, then set up the second device in the same way.
• WPS works only with other WPS-enabled devices. However, you can still add non-WPS devices to
a network you already set up using WPS.
WPS works by automatically issuing a randomly-generated WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared
key from the registrar device to the enrollee devices. Whether the network uses WPA-PSK or
WPA2-PSK depends on the device. You can check the configuration interface of the registrar
device to discover the key the network is using (if the device supports this feature). Then, you
can enter the key into the non-WPS device and join the network as normal (the non-WPS device
must also support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK).
• When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button
on one device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled
device could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the
“correct” enrollee, and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a
possible way for a hacker to gain access to a network.
You can easily check to see if this has happened. WPS works between only two devices
simultaneously, so if another device has enrolled your device will be unable to enroll, and will not
have access to the network. If this happens, open the access point’s configuration interface and
look at the list of associated clients (usually displayed by MAC address). It does not matter if the
CLIENT 1 AP1
REGISTRAR
CLIENT 2
EXISTING CONNECTION
SECURITY INFO
ENROLLEE
AP2
EXISTING CONNECTION
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access point is the WPS registrar, the enrollee, or was not involved in the WPS handshake; a
rogue device must still associate with the access point to gain access to the network. Check the
MAC addresses of your wireless clients (usually printed on a label on the bottom of the device). If
there is an unknown MAC address you can remove it or reset the AP.
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CHAPTER 8
Home Networking
8.1 Overview
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many networking devices
are connected. It is usually located in one immediate area such as a building or floor of a building.
Use the LAN screens to help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses.
8.1.1 What You Can Do in the LAN Screens
•Use the LAN Setup screen to set the LAN IP address, subnet mask, and DHCP settings of your
AMG1302-T11C (Section 8.2 on page 120).
•Use the Static DHCP screen to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers
based on their MAC Addresses (Section 8.3 on page 122).
•Use the IP Alias screen (Section 8.4 on page 123) to change your AMG1302-T11C’s IP alias
settings.
•Use the UPnP screen to enable UPnP and UPnP NAT traversal on the AMG1302-T11C (Section 8.5
on page 124).
•Use the IPv6 LAN Setup screen (Section 8.6 on page 124) to configure the IPv6 settings on
your AMG1302-T11C’s LAN interface.
8.1.2 What You Need To Know
8.1.2.1 About LAN
IP Address
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including
computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the
network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.
DSL
LAN
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Subnet Mask
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use
subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
DHCP
A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server can assign your AMG1302-T11C an IP
address, subnet mask, DNS and other routing information when it's turned on.
DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and
vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP
address of a networking device before you can access it.
8.1.2.2 About UPnP
Identifying UPnP Devices
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP
compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a
UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device.
NAT Traversal
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP
network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the
network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions.
NAT traversal allows the following:
• Dynamic port mapping
• Learning public IP addresses
• Assigning lease times to mappings
Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP.
See the Chapter 11 on page 148 for more information on NAT.
Cautions with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening
firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also
be obtained and modified by users in some network environments.
When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For
security reasons, the AMG1302-T11C allows multicast messages on the LAN only.
All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration.
Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
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UPnP and ZyXEL
Sexual has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum UPnP™
Implementers Corp. (UIC). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports Internet Gateway Device (IGD)
1.0.
Finding Out More
See Section 8.7 on page 128 for technical background information on LANs.
8.1.3 Before You Begin
Find out the MAC addresses of your network devices if you intend to add them to the DHCP Client
List screen.
8.2 The LAN Setup Screen
Use this screen to set the Local Area Network IP address, subnet mask and advanced networking
settings such as RIP, multicast of your AMG1302-T11C. Click Network Setting > Home
Networking to open the LAN Setup screen.
Figure 49 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Ta ble 32 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
LAN IP Setup
IP Address Enter the LAN IP address you want to assign to your AMG1302-T11C in dotted decimal
notation, for example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default).
Subnet Mask Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example
255.255.255.0 (factory default).
RIP Version RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information
with other routers. RIP Version controls the format and the broadcasting method of
the RIP packets that the AMG1302-T11C sends (it recognizes both formats when
receiving). RIP-1 is universally supported; but RIP-2 carries more information. RIP-1
is probably adequate for most networks, unless you have an unusual network
topology. Both RIP-2B and RIP-2M send routing data in RIP-2 format; the difference
being that RIP-2B uses subnet broadcasting while RIP-2M uses multicasting.
Multicasting can reduce the load on non-router machines since they generally do not
listen to the RIP multicast address and so will not receive the RIP packets. However, if
one router uses multicasting, then all routers on your network must use multicasting,
also.
Select the RIP version from RIP1 and RIP2-B/RIP2-M.
Direction Use this field to control how much routing information the AMG1302-T11C sends and
receives on the subnet. Select the RIP Direction from None, Both, IN Only and OUT
Only.
Multicast IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish
membership in a multicast group. The AMG1302-T11C supports IGMP v1/IGMP v2/
IGMP v3. Select None to disable it.
IGMP Snooping Select Enabled to activate IGMP Snooping. This allows the AMG1302-T11C to
passively learn memberships in multicast groups. Otherwise, select Disabled to
deactivate it.
DHCP Server State
DHCP If set to Enable, your AMG1302-T11C can assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway
and DNS servers to Windows 95, Windows NT and other systems that support the
DHCP client.
If set to Disable, the DHCP server will be disabled.
If set to DHCP Relay, the AMG1302-T11C acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays
DHCP requests and responses between the remote server and the clients. Enter the IP
address of the actual, remote DHCP server in the Remote DHCP Server field in this
case.
When DHCP is used, the following items need to be set:
IP Addressing Values
Beginning IP Address This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.
Pool Size This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool.
DHCP Server Lease Time
Lease Time This field specifies the lease time in seconds of an IP address assigned by the DHCP
server.
DNS Values
This field is only available when you select Enable in the DHCP field.
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8.3 The Static DHCP Screen
This table allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on
their MAC Addresses.
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is
assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example,
00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
Use this screen to change your AMG1302-T11C’s static DHCP settings. Click Network Setting >
Home Networking > Static DHCP to open the following screen.
Figure 50 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
DNS Server 1/2 Select Obtained From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information.
Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server
IP addresses the AMG1302-T11C passes to the DHCP clients.
Select DNS Proxy if you have the DNS proxy service. The AMG1302-T11C redirects
clients’ DNS queries to a DNS server for resolving domain names.
Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 32 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 33 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add new static lease Click this to add a new static DHCP entry.
# This is the index number of the entry.
Active This field displays whether the client is connected to the AMG1302-T11C.
MAC Address The MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN (Local Area Network) is
unique to your computer (six pairs of hexadecimal notation).
A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a hardwired address that is
assigned at the factory. This address follows an industry standard that ensures no other
adapter has a similar address.
IP Address This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.
Modify Click the Edit icon to have the IP address field editable and change it.
Click the Delete icon to delete a static DHCP entry. A window displays asking you to
confirm that you want to delete the selected entry.
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If you click Add new static lease in the Static DHCP screen or the Edit icon next to a static DHCP
entry, the following screen displays.
Figure 51 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
8.4 The IP Alias Screen
IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same
Ethernet interface. The AMG1302-T11C supports multiple logical LAN interfaces via its physical
Ethernet interface with the AMG1302-T11C itself as the gateway for the LAN network.
When you use IP alias, you can also configure firewall rules to control access to the LAN's logical
network (subnet).
8.4.1 Configuring the LAN IP Alias Screen
Use this screen to change your AMG1302-T11C’s IP alias settings. Click Network Setting > Home
Networking > IP Alias to open the following screen.
Figure 52 Network Setting > Home Networking > IP Alias
Ta ble 34 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
MAC Address Enter the MAC address of a computer on your LAN.
IP Address Enter the IP address that you want to assign to the computer on your LAN with the MAC
address that you will also specify.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
8.5 The UPnP Screen
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for
simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a
network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network.
In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
See page 119 for more information on UPnP.
Use the following screen to enable or disable the UPnP function on your AMG1302-T11C. Click
Network Setting > Home Networking > UPn P to display the screen shown next.
Figure 53 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
8.6 The IPv6 LAN Setup Screen
Use this screen to configure the IPv6 settings for your AMG1302-T11C’s LAN interface. See
Appendix F on page 279 for background information about IPv6.
Ta ble 35 Network Setting > Home Networking > IP Alias
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Alias Select Enable to configure a LAN network for the AMG1302-T11C.
IP Address Enter the IP address of your AMG1302-T11C in dotted decimal notation.
IP Subnet Mask Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example
255.255.255.0 (factory default).
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 36 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
UPnP Select Enable to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open the
web configurator's login screen without entering the AMG1302-T11C's IP address (although you
must still enter the password to access the web configurator). Otherwise, select Disable to
deactivate UPnP.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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Figure 54 Network Setting > Home Networking > IPv6 LAN Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 37 Network Setting > Home Networking > IPv6 LAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 LAN Setup
Link Local Address Type Select Manual to manually enter a link local address. Select EUI64 to use the
EUI-64 format to generate a link local address from the Ethernet MAC address.
IPv6 Address If you selected Manual in the Link Local Address Type field, enter the LAN
IPv6 address you want to assign to your AMG1302-T11C in hexadecimal
notation, for example, fe80::1 (factory default).
Prefix Enter the address prefix to specify how many most significant bits in an IPv6
address compose the network address.
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MLD Snooping Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover
the presence of MLD hosts who wish to receive multicast packets and the IP
addresses of multicast groups the hosts want to join on its network. Select
Enabled to activate MLD Snooping on the AMG1302-T11C. This allows the
AMG1302-T11C to check MLD packets passing through it and learn the multicast
group membership. It helps reduce multicast traffic.
Lan Global Identifier Type Select Manual to manually enter a LAN Identifier as the interface ID to identify
the LAN interface. The LAN Identifier is appended to the IPv6 address prefix to
create the routable global IPv6 address. Select EUI64 to use the EUI-64 format
to generate an interface ID from the Ethernet MAC address.
Lan Identifier If you selected Manual, enter the LAN Identifier in this field. The LAN identifier
should be unique and 64 bits in hexadecimal form. Every 16 bit block should be
separated by a colon as in XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX where X is a hexadecimal
character. Blocks of zeros can be represented with double colons as in
XXXX:XXXX::XXXX.
LAN IPv6 Address Setting
Delegate prefix from WAN Select this option to automatically obtain an IPv6 network prefix from the
service provider or an uplink router.
Static Select this option to configure a fixed IPv6 address for the AMG1302-T11C’s LAN
IPv6 address.
Static IPv6 Address Prefix If you select static IPv6 address, enter the IPv6 address prefix that the
AMG1302-T11C uses for the LAN IPv6 address.
Prefix length If you select static IPv6 address, enter the IPv6 prefix length that the AMG1302-
T11C uses to generate the LAN IPv6 address.
An IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (starting from the
left) in the address compose the network address. This field displays the bit
number of the IPv6 subnet mask.
Preferred Lifetime Enter the preferred lifetime for the prefix.
Valid Lifetime Enter the valid lifetime for the prefix.
LAN IPv6 Address Assign
Setup
Select how you want to obtain an IPv6 address:
Stateless: The AMG1302-T11C uses IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration. RADVD
(Router Advertisement Daemon) is enabled to have the AMG1302-T11C send
IPv6 prefix information in router advertisements periodically and in response to
router solicitations. DHCPv6 server is disabled.
Stateful: The AMG1302-T11C uses IPv6 stateful autoconfiguration. The DHCPv6
server is enabled to have the AMG1302-T11C act as a DHCPv6 server and pass
IPv6 addresses to DHCPv6 clients.
Stateless and Stateful: The AMG1302-T11C uses both IPv6 stateless and
stateful autoconfiguration. The LAN IPv6 clients can obtain IPv6 addresses either
through router advertisements or through DHCPv6.
LAN IPv6 DNS Assign
Setup
Select how the AMG1302-T11C provide DNS server and domain name
information to the clients:
Stateless: The AMG1302-T11C provides DNS information through router
advertisements.
Stateful: The AMG1302-T11C provides DNS information through DHCPv6.
Stateless and Stateful: The AMG1302-T11C provides DNS information through
both router advertisements and DHCPv6.
DHCPv6
DHCPv6 Server Use this field to Enable or Disable DHCPv6 server on the AMG1302-T11C.
Ta ble 37 Network Setting > Home Networking > IPv6 LAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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DNSv6 Mode Select the DNS role (Proxy or Relay) that you want the AMG1302-T11C to act
in the IPv6 LAN network. Alternatively, select Manual and specify the DNS
servers’ IPv6 address in the fields below.
Primary DNS This field is available if you choose Manual as the DNSv6 mode. Enter the first
DNS server IPv6 address the AMG1302-T11C passes to the DHCP clients.
Secondary DNS This field is available if you choose Manual as the DNSv6 mode. Enter the
second DNS server IPv6 address the AMG1302-T11C passes to the DHCP clients.
Information refresh time Enter the number of seconds a DHCPv6 client should wait before refreshing
information retrieved from DHCPv6.
RADVD Setup
Send RA on Select this to have the AMG1302-T11C send router advertisement messages to
the LAN hosts.
Router advertisement is a response to a router solicitation or a periodical
multicast advertisement from a router to advertise its presence and other
parameters, such as IPv6 prefix and DNS information.
Router solicitation is a request from a host to locate a router that can act as the
default router and forward packets.
The LAN hosts neither generate global IPv6 addresses nor communicate with
other networks if you disable this feature.
Delegate M/O flag from
WAN
Select this to have the AMG1302-T11C obtain the M/O (Managed/Other) flag
setting from the service provider or uplink router.
Manual Select this to specify the M/O flag setting manually.
Managed config flag on Select this to have the AMG1302-T11C indicate to hosts to obtain network
settings (such as prefix and DNS settings) through DHCPv6.
Clear this to have the AMG1302-T11C indicate to hosts that DHCPv6 is not
available and they should use the prefix in the router advertisement message.
Other config flag on Select this to have the AMG1302-T11C indicate to hosts to obtain DNS
information through DHCPv6.
Clear this to have the AMG1302-T11C indicate to hosts that DNS information is
not available in this network.
Advertisement interval
option on
Select this to have the Router Advertisement messages the AMG1302-T11C
sends specify the allowed interval between Router Advertisement messages.
Hop limit Enter the maximum number of network segments that a packet can cross before
reaching the destination. When forwarding an IPv6 packet, IPv6 routers are
required to decrease the Hop Limit by 1 and to discard the IPv6 packet when the
Hop Limit is 0. Possible value for this field are 0-255.
Router Lifetime Enter the time in seconds that hosts should consider the AMG1302-T11C to be
the default router. Possible values for this field are 0-9000.
Router Preference Select the router preference (Low, Medium or High) for the AMG1302-T11C.
The AMG1302-T11C sends this preference in the router advertisements to tell
hosts what preference they should use for the AMG1302-T11C. This helps hosts
to choose their default router especially when there are multiple IPv6 router in
the network.
Make sure the hosts also support router preference to make this function work.
Reachable Time (ms) Enter the time in milliseconds that can elapse before a neighbor is detected.
Possible values for this field are 0-3600000.
Retrans Timer (ms) Enter the time in milliseconds between neighbor solicitation packet
retransmissions. Possible values for this field are 1000-4294967295.
Ta ble 37 Network Setting > Home Networking > IPv6 LAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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8.7 Home Networking Technical Reference
This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this
chapter.
8.7.1 LANs, WANs and the AMG1302-T11C
The actual physical connection determines whether the AMG1302-T11C ports are LAN or WAN
ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the
WAN network as shown next.
Figure 55 LAN and WAN IP Addresses
8.7.2 DHCP Setup
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to
obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the AMG1302-T11C as a
DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the AMG1302-T11C provides the TCP/IP
RA Interval Enter the time in seconds between router advertisement messages. Possible
values for this field are 4-1800.
Delegate MTU from WAN Select this to have the AMG1302-T11C obtain the MTU setting from the service
provider or uplink router.
Manual Select this to specify the MTU manually.
MTU The Maximum Transmission Unit. Type the maximum size of each IPv6 data
packet, in bytes, that can move through this interface. If a larger packet arrives,
the AMG1302-T11C divides it into smaller fragments.
DAD attempts Specify the number of DAD (Duplicate Address Detection) attempts before an
IPv6 address is assigned to the AMG1302-T11C LAN interface. Possible values for
this field are 1-7.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Advanced Setup Click this to display the Advanced WAN Setup fields and edit more details of
your IPv6 LAN setup. Click this button again to display less fields in this screen.
Ta ble 37 Network Setting > Home Networking > IPv6 LAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WAN
LAN
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configuration for the clients. If you turn DHCP service off, you must have another DHCP server on
your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured.
IP Pool Setup
The AMG1302-T11C is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP clients (DHCP Pool).
Do not assign static IP addresses from the DHCP pool to your LAN computers.
8.7.3 DNS Server Addresses
DNS (Domain Name System) maps a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa.
The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a
computer before you can access it. The DNS server addresses you enter when you set up DHCP are
passed to the client machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask.
There are two ways that an ISP disseminates the DNS server addresses.
• The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when
you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in
the DHCP Setup screen.
• Some ISPs choose to disseminate the DNS server addresses using the DNS server extensions of
IPCP (IP Control Protocol) after the connection is up. If your ISP did not give you explicit DNS
servers, chances are the DNS servers are conveyed through IPCP negotiation. The AMG1302-
T11C supports the IPCP DNS server extensions through the DNS proxy feature.
Please note that DNS proxy works only when the ISP uses the IPCP DNS server extensions. It
does not mean you can leave the DNS servers out of the DHCP setup under all circumstances. If
your ISP gives you explicit DNS servers, make sure that you enter their IP addresses in the
DHCP Setup screen.
8.7.4 LAN TCP/IP
The AMG1302-T11C has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers
to systems that support DHCP client capability.
IP Address and Subnet Mask
Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN
share one common network number.
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your
network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in
selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user
account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this
is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to
192.168.255.0 and you must enable the Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the
AMG1302-T11C. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses
specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's
say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from
192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other words, the first three numbers
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specify the network number while the last number identifies an individual computer on that
network.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, for
instance, 192.168.1.1, for your AMG1302-T11C, but make sure that no other device on your
network is using that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your AMG1302-T11C will
compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need
to change the subnet mask computed by the AMG1302-T11C unless you are instructed to do
otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the
Internet, for example, only between your two branch offices, you can assign any IP addresses to
the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has
reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or it can be assigned from a private
network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP
can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are
part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the
appropriate IP addresses.
Note: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;
always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment,
please refer to RFC 1597, “Address Allocation for Private Internets” and RFC 1466,
“Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space”.
8.7.5 RIP Setup
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information with other
routers. The RIP Direction field controls the sending and receiving of RIP packets. When set to:
•Both - the AMG1302-T11C will broadcast its routing table periodically and incorporate the RIP
information that it receives.
•In Only - the AMG1302-T11C will not send any RIP packets but will accept all RIP packets
received.
•Out Only - the AMG1302-T11C will send out RIP packets but will not accept any RIP packets
received.
•None - the AMG1302-T11C will not send any RIP packets and will ignore any RIP packets
received.
The Version field controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the
AMG1302-T11C sends (it recognizes both formats when receiving). RIP-1 is universally supported;
but RIP-2 carries more information. RIP-1 is probably adequate for most networks, unless you have
an unusual network topology.
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Both RIP-2B and RIP-2M sends the routing data in RIP-2 format; the difference being that RIP-2B
uses subnet broadcasting while RIP-2M uses multicasting. Multicasting can reduce the load on
non-router machines since they generally do not listen to the RIP multicast address and so will not
receive the RIP packets. However, if one router uses multicasting, then all routers on your network
must use multicasting, also.
8.7.6 Multicast
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient)
or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of
hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1.
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership
in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an
improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. IGMP version 3
supports source filtering, reporting or ignoring traffic from specific source address to a particular
host on the network. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability
between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP
address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The
address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address
224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts
(including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The
address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group.
At start up, the AMG1302-T11C queries all directly connected networks to gather group
membership. After that, the AMG1302-T11C periodically updates this information. IP multicasting
can be enabled/disabled on the AMG1302-T11C LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the web configurator
(LAN; WAN). Select None to disable IP multicasting on these interfaces.
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CHAPTER 9
Static Route
9.1 Overview
The AMG1302-T11C usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from computers on
the LAN to the Internet. To have the AMG1302-T11C send data to devices not reachable through
the default gateway, use static routes.
For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the AMG1302-T11C’s LAN
interface. The AMG1302-T11C routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the AMG1302-
T11C’s default gateway (R1). You create one static route to connect to services offered by your ISP
behind router R2. You create another static route to communicate with a separate network behind
a router R3 connected to the LAN.
Figure 56 Example of Static Routing Topology
WAN
R1
R2
A
R3
LAN
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9.1.1 What You Can Do in the Static Route Screens
•Use the Static Route screens (Section 9.2 on page 133) to view and configure IP static routes
on the AMG1302-T11C.
•Use the IPv6 Static Route screens (Section 9.3 on page 134) to view and configure IPv6 static
routes on the AMG1302-T11C.
9.2 The Static Route Screen
Use this screen to view the static route rules. Click Network Setting > Static Route to open the
Static Route screen.
Figure 57 Network Setting > Static Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.2.1 Static Route Add/Edit
Use this screen to add or edit a static route. Click Add new Static Route Entry in the Routing
screen or the Edit icon next to the static route you want to edit. The screen shown next appears.
Ta ble 38 Network Setting > Static Route
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New Static
Route
Click this to configure a new static route.
#This is the number of an individual static route.
Destination IP This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always
based on network number.
Interface This is the WAN interface used for this static route.
Gateway This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same
network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to
their destinations.
Subnet Mask This parameter specifies the IP network subnet mask of the final destination.
Metric This is the number of transmission hops between this AMG1302-T11C and the destination.
Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can set up a static route on the
AMG1302-T11C.
Click the Delete icon to remove a static route from the AMG1302-T11C. A window
displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route.
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Figure 58 Network Setting > Static Route Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.3 IPv6 Static Route
Use this screen to view the IPv6 static route rules. Click Network Se tting > Static Rout e > IPv6
Static Route to open the IPv6 Static Route screen.
Figure 59 Network Setting > Static Route > IPv6 Static Route
Ta ble 39 Network Setting > Static Route Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Destination IP
Address
This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always
based on network number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet
mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be
identical to the host ID.
IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask here.
Use Gateway IP
Address
The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or
WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.
If you want to use the gateway IP address, select Enable.
Gateway IP
Address
Enter the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same
network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to
their destinations.
Use Interface Select the WAN interface you want to use for this static route.
Metric Enter the number of transmission hops (routers) that need to cross from the AMG1302-
T11C to the destination.
OK Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.3.1 IPv6 Static Route Edit
Use this screen to configure the required information for an IPv6 static route. Click Add new static
route or select an IPv6 static route index number and click Edit. The screen shown next appears.
Figure 60 Network Setting > Static Route > IPv6 Static Route: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 40 Network Setting > Static Route > IPv6 Static Route
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add new static
route
Click this to configure a new IPv6 static route.
#This is the number of an individual static route.
Destination IP This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always
based on network number.
Prefix Length An IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (starting from the left) in
the address compose the network address. This field displays the bit number of the IPv6
subnet mask.
Gateway This is the IPv6 address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same
network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to
their destinations.
Device This specifies the LAN or WAN PVC.
Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can set up a static route on the
AMG1302-T11C.
Click the Remove icon to remove a static route from the AMG1302-T11C. A window
displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route.
Ta ble 41 Network Setting > Static Route > IPv6 Static Route: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Destination IPv6
Address
This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always
based on network number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a prefix
length of 128 in the prefix length field to force the network number to be identical to the
host ID.
IPv6 Prefix Length Enter the address prefix to specify how many most significant bits compose the network
address.
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Gateway IPv6
Address
Enter the IPv6 address of the gateway.
PVC IPv6 Address Select the interface through which the traffic is routed.
OK Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 41 Network Setting > Static Route > IPv6 Static Route: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 10
Quality of Service (QoS)
10.1 Overview
Use the QoS screen to set up your AMG1302-T11C to use QoS for traffic management.
Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network’s ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and
the networking methods used to control bandwidth. QoS allows the AMG1302-T11C to group and
prioritize application traffic and fine-tune network performance.
Without QoS, all traffic data are equally likely to be dropped when the network is congested. This
can cause a reduction in network performance and make the network inadequate for time-critical
applications such as video-on-demand.
The AMG1302-T11C assigns each packet a priority and then queues the packet accordingly. Packets
assigned with a high priority are processed more quickly than those with low priorities if there is
congestion, allowing time-sensitive applications to flow more smoothly. Time-sensitive applications
include both those that require a low level of latency (delay) and a low level of jitter (variations in
delay) such as Voice over IP (VoIP) or Internet gaming, and those for which jitter alone is a problem
such as Internet radio or streaming video.
In the following figure, your Internet connection has an upstream transmission speed of 50 Mbps.
You configure a classifier to assign the highest priority queue (6) to VoIP traffic from the LAN
interface, so that voice traffic would not get delayed when there is network congestion. Traffic from
the boss’s IP address (192.168.1.23 for example) is mapped to queue 5. Traffic that does not
match these two classes are assigned priority queue based on the internal QoS mapping table on
the AMG1302-T11C.
Figure 61 QoS Example
10.1.1 What You Can Do in the QoS Screens
•Use the General screen (Section 10.2 on page 138) to enable QoS on the AMG1302-T11C, and
specify the type of scheduling.
50 Mbps
DSL
VoIP: Queue 6
Boss: Queue 5
IP=192.168.1.23
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•Use the Queue screen (Section 10.3 on page 139) to configure QoS settings on the AMG1302-
T11C.
•Use the Class Setup screen (Section 10.4 on page 141) to configure QoS settings on the
AMG1302-T11C.
•Use the Game List screen (Section 10.5 on page 145) to give priority to traffic for specific
games.
10.1.2 What You Need to Know About QoS
802.1p
QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the same flow are given
the same priority. 802.1p is a way of managing traffic in a network by grouping similar types of
traffic together and treating each type as a class. You can use 802.1p to give different priorities to
different packet types.
Tagging and Marking
In a QoS class, you can configure whether to add or change the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) value
and IEEE 802.1p priority level in a matched packet. When the packet passes through a compatible
network, the networking device, such as a backbone switch, can provide specific treatment or
service based on the tag or marker.
Finding Out More
See Section 10.6 on page 146 for advanced technical information on QoS.
10.2 The Quality of Service General Screen
Use this screen to enable or disable QoS and set the upstream bandwidth.
Click Net work Setting > Qo S > General to open the screen as shown next.
Figure 62 Network Setting > QoS > General
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
10.3 The Queue Screen
Use this screen to configure QoS queue assignment disciplines and priorities.
Click Net work Setting > Qo S > Qu eu e to open the screen as shown next.
Figure 63 Network Setting > QoS > Queue
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 42 Network Setting > QoS > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active QoS Use this field to turn on QoS to improve your network performance.
Traffic priority will be
automatically assigned by
Select how the AMG1302-T11C assigns priorities to various incoming and
outgoing traffic flows.
•None: Disables auto priority mapping and has the AMG1302-T11C put
packets into the queues according to your classification rules. Traffic which
does not match any of the classification rules is mapped into the default
queue with the lowest priority.
•Ethernet Priority: Automatically assign priority based on the IEEE 802.1p
priority level.
•IP Precedence: Automatically assign priority based on the first three bits of
the TOS field in the IP header.
•Packet Length: Automatically assign priority based on the packet size.
Smaller packets get higher priority since control, signaling, VoIP, internet
gaming, or other real-time packets are usually small while larger packets are
usually best effort data packets like file transfers.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 43 Network Setting > QoS > Queue
LABEL DESCRIPTION
#This is the index number of the entry.
Status This field displays whether the queue is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this queue is
active. A gray bulb signifies that this queue is not active.
Name This shows the descriptive name of this queue.
Interface This shows the name of the AMG1302-T11C’s interface through which traffic in this queue passes.
Priority This shows the priority of this queue.
Weight This shows the weight of this queue.
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10.3.1 Adding a QoS Queue
Click the edit icon in the Queue Setup screen to configure a queue.
Figure 64 Queue Setup: Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Rate Limit This shows the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this queue.
Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the queue.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing queue. Note that subsequent rules move up by one
when you take this action.
Ta ble 43 Network Setting > QoS > Queue
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 44 Queue Setup: Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select to enable or disable this queue.
Name Enter the descriptive name of this queue.
Interface Select the interface to which this queue is applied.
This field is read-only if you are editing the queue.
Priority Select the priority level (from 1 to 3) of this queue.
The smaller the number, the higher the priority level. Traffic assigned to higher priority
queues gets through faster while traffic in lower priority queues is dropped if the network is
congested.
Weight Select the weight (from 1 to 8) of this queue.
If two queues have the same priority level, the AMG1302-T11C divides the bandwidth
across the queues according to their weights. Queues with larger weights get more
bandwidth than queues with smaller weights.
Rate Limit Specify the maximum transmission rate (in Kbps) allowed for traffic on this queue.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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10.4 The Class Setup Screen
Use this screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers. A classifier groups traffic into data flows
according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number,
destination port number or incoming interface. For example, you can configure a classifier to select
traffic from the same protocol port (such as Telnet) to form a flow.
You can give different priorities to traffic that the AMG1302-T11C forwards out through the WAN
interface. Give high priority to voice and video to make them run more smoothly. Similarly, give low
priority to many large file downloads so that they do not reduce the quality of other applications.
Click Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup to open the screen as shown next.
Figure 65 Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
10.4.1 Class Setup Add/Edit
Click Add new Classifier in the Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup screen or click the Edit
icon next to a class, the screen appears as shown next.
Ta ble 45 Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add new Classifier Click this to create a new classifier.
Index This is the index number of the entry.
Status This field displays whether the classifier is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
classifier is active. A gray bulb signifies that this classifier is not active.
From Interface This shows the interface from which traffic of this class should come.
Classification
Criteria
This shows criteria specified in this classifier, for example the type and the source MAC
address of traffic that matches this classifier.
DSCP Mark This is the DSCP number added to traffic of this classifier.
802.1P/1Q Mark This is the IEEE 802.1p priority level and 802.1Q VLAN tag assigned to traffic of this
classifier.
To Queue This is the name of the queue in which traffic of this classifier is put.
Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the classifier.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing classifier. Note that subsequent rules move up
by one when you take this action.
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Figure 66 QoS > Class Setup Add/Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 46 QoS > Class Setup Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Rule Index Select the rule’s index number from the drop-down list box.
Class Configuration
Active Use this field to enable or disable the QoS class rule.
Ether Type Select a predefined application to configure a class for the matched traffic.
If you select IPv4 or IPv6, you also need to configure source or destination IP address,
MAC address, DHCP options, DSCP value or the protocol type.
If you select ARP, you also need to configure source or destination MAC address.
If you select 802.1Q, you can configure an 802.1p priority level and VLAN ID.
Interface Select an interface if you want to classify the traffic received by it.
To Queue Select a queue that applies to this class.
You should have configured a queue in the Queue Setup screen already.
Criteria Configuration
Basic
From
Interface If you select From LAN in the Interface field, you can select specific interface(s) from
which traffic is received. ra0 ~ ra3 means wireless interfaces WLAN0 to WLAN3.
If you select From WAN in the Interface field, you can select a specific WAN connection
(PVC0~PVC2) from which traffic is received.
Source
IP Address Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank
IP address means any source IP address.
Subnet
Netmask/
Source Prefix
Length
Enter the source subnet mask if you select IPv4 as the Ether Type.
Enter the source prefix length if you select IPv6 as the Ether Type.
Port Range If you select TCP/UDP, TCP or UDP in the IP protocol field, select the check box and
enter the port number(s) of the source.
MAC Address Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.
Mac Netmask Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC
address should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address
should match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be
of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to
00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of
00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this
classifier.
Destination
IP Address Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank
IP address means any destination IP address.
Subnet
Netmask/
Destination
Prefix Length
Enter the destination subnet mask if you select IPv4 as the Ether Type.
Enter the destination prefix length if you select IPv6 as the Ether Type.
Port Range If you select TCP/UDP, TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and
enter the port number(s) of the source.
MAC Address Select the check box and enter the destination MAC address of the packet.
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Mac Netmask Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC
address should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address
should match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be
of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to
00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of
00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this
classifier.
Others
IP Protocol This field is available only when you select IPv4 or IPv6 in the Ether Type field.
If you select IPv4, select this option and select the protocol (service type) from TCP/
UDP, TCP, UDP or ICMP.If you select IPv6, select this option and select the protocol
(service type) from TCP/UDP, TCP, UDP or ICMPv6.
TCP ACK This field is available only when you select TCP in the IP protocol field.
If you select this option, the matched TCP packets must contain the ACK (Acknowledge)
flag.
Packet Length This field is available only when you select IPv4 or IPv6 in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and enter the minimum and maximum packet length (from 46 to 1500)
in the fields provided.
IPP/DS Field Select IPP/TOS to specify an IP precedence range and type of services.
Select DSCP to specify a DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) range.
IP Precedence
Range Enter a range from 0 to 7 for IP precedence. 0 is the lowest priority and 7 is the highest.
Type of
Service Select a type of service from the drop-down list box.
Available options are: Normal service, Minimize delay, Maximize throughput,
Maximize reliability and Minimize monetary cost.
DSCP Range Select this option and specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number between 0 and 63 in
the field provided.
802.1P Select this option and select a priority level (between 0 and 7) from the drop-down list
box.
"0" is the lowest priority level and "7" is the highest.
VLAN ID Select this option and enter the source VLAN ID in this field.
Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this
classifier.
Action
Forward To Select the interface through which traffic that matches the rule is forwarded out. If you
select Unchange, the AMG1302-T11C forwards traffic of this class according to the
default routing table.
If traffic of this class comes from a WAN interface and is in a queue that forwards traffic
through the LAN/WLAN interface, the AMG1302-T11C ignores the setting here.
IPP/DS Field Select IPP/TOS to specify an IP precedence range and type of services.
Select DSCP to specify a DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) range.
IP Precedence
Mark Enter a range from 0 to 7 to re-assign IP precedence to matched traffic. 0 is the lowest
priority and 7 is the highest.
Ta ble 46 QoS > Class Setup Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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10.5 The QoS Game List Screen
Use this screen to give priority to traffic for specific games. Click Network Setting > QoS > Game
List to open the screen as shown next.
Figure 67 Network Setting > QoS > Game List
Type Of
Service Mark Select a type of service to re-assign the priority level to matched traffic.
Available options are: Normal service, Minimize delay, Maximize throughput,
Maximize reliability and Minimize monetary cost.
DSCP
Mark(0~63) This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
If you select Mark, enter a DSCP value with which the AMG1302-T11C replaces the DSCP
field in the packets.
If you select Unchange, the AMG1302-T11C keep the DSCP field in the packets.
802.1Q Tag If you select Remark, select a priority level (in the Ethernet Priority field) and enter a
VLAN ID number (in the VLAN ID field) with which the AMG1302-T11C replaces the IEEE
802.1p priority field and VLAN ID of the frames.
If you select Remove, the AMG1302-T11C deletes the VLAN ID of the frames before
forwarding them out.
If you select Add, the AMG1302-T11C treat all matched traffic untagged and add a
second priority level and VLAN ID that you specify in the Ethernet Priority and VLAN
ID fields.
If you select Same, the AMG1302-T11C keep the Ethernet Priority and VLAN ID in the
packets.
To configure the Ethernet Priority, you can either select a priority number in the first
drop-down list box (7 is the highest and 0 is the lowest priority) or select an application
from the second drop-down list box which automatically maps to the corresponding
priority number. (Key Net Traffic: 7; Voice: 6; Video: 5;IGMP: 4; Key Data: 3)
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Ta ble 46 QoS > Class Setup Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
10.6 QoS Technical Reference
This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this
chapter.
10.6.1 IEEE 802.1p
IEEE 802.1p specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic types. The
following table describes the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d standard (which incorporates
the 802.1p).
10.6.2 IP Precedence
Similar to IEEE 802.1p prioritization at layer-2, you can use IP precedence to prioritize packets in a
layer-3 network. IP precedence uses three bits of the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP
header. There are eight classes of services (ranging from zero to seven) in IP precedence. Zero is
the lowest priority level and seven is the highest.
Ta ble 47 Network Setting > QoS > Game List
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Game List Select this to have QoS give the highest priority to traffic for the games you specify. This
priority is higher than the other QoS queues.
Select the games below.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore previously saved settings.
Ta ble 48 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic Type
PRIORITY
LEVEL TRAFFIC TYPE
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the variations in
delay).
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems Network
Architecture) transactions.
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include important
business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that are allowed
but that should not affect other applications and users.
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
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10.6.3 Automatic Priority Queue Assignment
If you enable QoS on the AMG1302-T11C, the AMG1302-T11C can automatically base on the IEEE
802.1p priority level, IP precedence and/or packet length to assign priority to traffic which does not
match a class.
The following table shows you the internal layer-2 and layer-3 QoS mapping on the AMG1302-T11C.
On the AMG1302-T11C, traffic assigned to higher priority queues gets through faster while traffic in
lower index queues is dropped if the network is congested.
Ta ble 49 Internal Layer2 and Layer3 QoS Mapping
PRIORITY
QUEUE
LAYER 2 LAYER 3
IEEE 802.1P USER
PRIORITY
(ETHERNET
PRIORITY)
TOS (IP
PRECEDENCE) DSCP IP PACKET
LENGTH (BYTE)
0 1 0 000000
12
2 0 0 000000 >1100
3 3 1 001110
001100
001010
001000
250~1100
4 4 2 010110
010100
010010
010000
5 5 3 011110
011100
011010
011000
<250
6 6 4 100110
100100
100010
100000
5 101110
101000
7 7 6 110000
111000
7
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CHAPTER 11
Network Address Translation (NAT)
11.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the AMG1302-T11C. NAT (Network Address
Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example,
the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known
within another network.
11.1.1 What You Can Do in the NAT Screens
•Use the General screen (Section 11.2 on page 149) to activate/deactivate NAT for the default
WAN connection (PVC0).
•Use the Port Forw arding screen (Section 11.3 on page 150) to configure forward incoming
service requests to the server(s) on your local network.
•Use the DMZ screen to configure a default server (Section 11.4 on page 153).
•Use the ALG screen to enable and disable the SIP (VoIP) ALG in the AMG1302-T11C (Section
11.5 on page 153).
11.1.2 What You Need To Know About NAT
Inside/Outside
Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the AMG1302-T11C, for example, the
computers of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the
outside hosts.
Global/Local
Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for
example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local
network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is
traveling in the WAN side.
NAT
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber
(the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the
WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside
global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host.
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Port Forwarding
A port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP,
that you can make visible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network
appear as a single computer to the outside world.
Finding Out More
See Section 11.6 on page 154 for advanced technical information on NAT.
11.2 The NAT General Screen
Use this screen to activate NAT for the default WAN connection (PVC0). Click Network Setting >
NAT to open the following screen.
Note: You must create an IP filter rule in addition to setting up NAT, to allow traffic from
the WAN to be forwarded through the AMG1302-T11C.
Figure 68 Network Setting > NAT > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 50 Network Setting > NAT > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to enable NAT.
Max NAT/Firewall
Session Per User
When computers use peer to peer applications, such as file sharing applications, they
need to establish NAT sessions. If you do not limit the number of NAT sessions a single
client can establish, this can result in all of the available NAT sessions being used. In
this case, no additional NAT sessions can be established, and users may not be able to
access the Internet.
Each NAT session establishes a corresponding firewall session. Use this field to limit the
number of NAT/Firewall sessions client computers can establish through the AMG1302-
T11C.
If your network has a small number of clients using peer to peer applications, you can
raise this number to ensure that their performance is not degraded by the number of
NAT sessions they can establish. If your network has a large number of users using peer
to peer applications, you can lower this number to ensure no single client is exhausting
all of the available NAT sessions.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
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11.3 The Port Forwarding Screen
Use this screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network.
You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP
address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on
port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can
support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to
specify a range of port numbers. You can allocate a server IP address that corresponds to a port or
a range of ports.
The most often used port numbers and services are shown in Appendix G on page 289. Please refer
to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server
processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may
periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any
active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
Default Server IP Address
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server IP address. A default
server receives packets from ports that are not specified in this screen.
Note: If you do not assign a Default Server IP address, the AMG1302-T11C discards all
packets received for ports that are not specified here or in the remote management
setup.
Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding (Example)
Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example),
port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a
third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address.
The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet.
Figure 69 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
11.3.1 Configuring the Port Forwarding Screen
Click Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding to open the following screen.
A=192.168.1.33
D=192.168.1.36
C=192.168.1.35
B=192.168.1.34
WAN
LAN
192.168.1.1 IP Address assigned by ISP
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See Appendix G on page 289 for port numbers commonly used for particular services.
Note: Make sure NAT is activated on the WAN connection before you configure a port
forwarding rule for it. For the default WAN connection (PVC0), activate NAT in the
Network Setting > NAT > General screen. For other WAN connections
(PVC1~PVC7), activate NAT for an individual WAN connection in the Broadband >
More Connections > Edit screen.
Figure 70 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
11.3.2 Port Forwarding Rule Add/Edit
Use this screen to add or edit a port forwarding rule. Click the Add new rule button or a rule’s edit
icon in the Port Forwarding screen to display the screen as shown next.
Ta ble 51 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WAN Interface Select a WAN connection for which you want to configure a port forwarding rule.
Add new rule Click this button to add a rule to the table below.
#This is the rule index number (read-only).
Active This field indicates whether the rule is active or not.
Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.
Service Name This is a service’s name.
External Start Port This is the first port number of a port range that incoming service requests may use to
access the service in your local network.
External End Port This is the last port number of a port range that incoming service requests may use to
access the service in your local network.
Internal Start Port This is the starting port number that the device translates for the service in your local
network.
Internal End Port This is the ending port number that the device translates for the service in your local
network.
Server IP Address This is the server’s IP address in your local network.
Modify Click the edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the port forwarding rule.
Click the delete icon to delete an existing port forwarding rule. Note that subsequent
address mapping rules move up by one when you take this action.
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Figure 71 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding: Add/Edit
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Ta ble 52 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding: Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Click this check box to enable the rule.
Service Name Select a pre-defined service, or select User Define and enter a name to identify this port-
forwarding rule.
External Start
Port
Enter a port number in this field.
To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the End Port field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the end port number in
the End Port field.
External End Port Enter a port number in this field.
To forward only one port, enter the port number in the Start Port field above and then
enter it again in this field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that begins with the
port number in the Start Port field above.
Server IP
Address
Enter the IP address of the server in your local network.
Protocol Select the protocol of the service, TCP, UDP or ALL (TCP+UDP).
Open Start Port Enter the first port number here to which you want the device to translate the incoming
port. For a range of ports, you only need to enter the first number of the range to which
you want the incoming ports translated, the device automatically calculates the last port of
the translated port range.
Open End Port Enter the last port number here to which you want the device to translate the incoming
port. For a range of ports, you only need to enter the first number of the range to which
you want the incoming ports translated, the device automatically calculates the last port of
the translated port range.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
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11.4 The DMZ Screen
If you need to allow packets from a specific WAN connection to your local network, NAT supports a
default server IP address. A default server receives packets from the specified WAN connection and
the ports that are not specified in the NAT Port Forwarding Setup screen.
Figure 72 Network Setting > NAT > DMZ
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
11.5 The ALG Screen
Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). A SIP ALG allows SIP calls
to pass through NAT by examining and translating IP addresses embedded in the data stream.
When the AMG1302-T11C registers with the SIP register server, the SIP ALG translates the
AMG1302-T11C’s private IP address inside the SIP data stream to a public IP address. You do not
need to use STUN or an outbound proxy if your AMG1302-T11C is behind a SIP ALG.
Use this screen to enable and disable the SIP (VoIP) ALG in the AMG1302-T11C. Click Network
Setting > NAT > ALG to open the following screen.
Figure 73 Network Setting > NAT > ALG
Ta ble 53 Network Setting > NAT > DMZ
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WAN Interface Select a WAN PVC connection (PVC0~PVC7) from which you want to forward the traffic
to the specified default server.
Default Server
Address
Enter the IP address of the default server which receives packets from ports that are not
specified in the NAT > Port Forwarding screen.
Note: If you do not assign a Default Server Address, the AMG1302-T11C discards all
packets received for ports that are not specified in the NAT Port Forwarding
screen.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
11.6 NAT Technical Reference
This chapter contains more information regarding NAT.
11.6.1 NAT Definitions
Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the AMG1302-T11C, for example, the
computers of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the
outside hosts.
Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for
example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local
network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is
traveling in the WAN side.
Note that inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP address
of a host used in a packet. Thus, an inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in
a packet when the packet is still in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP
address of the same inside host when the packet is on the WAN side. The following table
summarizes this information.
NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host.
11.6.2 What NAT Does
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber
(the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the
WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside
global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note
that the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.
Ta ble 54 Network Setting > NAT > ALG
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ALG Enable this to make sure SIP (VoIP) works correctly with port-forwarding and address-
mapping rules.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 55 NAT Definitions
ITEM DESCRIPTION
Inside This refers to the host on the LAN.
Outside This refers to the host on the WAN.
Local This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the LAN.
Global This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the WAN.
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The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the ISP.
In addition, you can designate servers, for example, a web server and a telnet server, on your local
network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers (for Many-
to-One and Many-to-Many Overload mapping – see Table 56 on page 157), NAT offers the
additional benefit of firewall protection. With no servers defined, your AMG1302-T11C filters out all
incoming inquiries, thus preventing intruders from probing your network. For more information on
IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).
11.6.3 How NAT Works
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets,
the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global
Address) is the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination
address on the LAN, and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local)
IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It
replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers for Many-to-One and
Many-to-Many Overload NAT mapping) in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The
AMG1302-T11C keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets
can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this.
Figure 74 How NAT Works
11.6.4 NAT Application
The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application, where three inside LANs (logical LANs
using IP alias) behind the AMG1302-T11C can communicate with three distinct WAN networks.
192.168.1.13
192.168.1.10
192.168.1.11
192.168.1.12 SA
192.168.1.10
SA
IGA1
Inside Local
IP Address
192.168.1.10
192.168.1.11
192.168.1.12
192.168.1.13
Inside Global
IP Address
IGA 1
IGA 2
IGA 3
IGA 4
NAT Table
WAN
LAN
Inside Local
Address (ILA)
Inside Global
Address (IGA)
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Figure 75 NAT Application With IP Alias
11.6.5 NAT Mapping Types
NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are:
•One to One: In One-to-One mode, the AMG1302-T11C maps one local IP address to one global
IP address.
•Many to One: In Many-to-One mode, the AMG1302-T11C maps multiple local IP addresses to
one global IP address. This is equivalent to SUA (for instance, PAT, port address translation),
ZyXEL’s Single User Account feature that previous ZyXEL routers supported (the SUA Only
option in today’s routers).
•Many to Many Overload: In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the AMG1302-T11C maps the
multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses.
•Many-to-Many No Overload: In Many-to-Many No Overload mode, the AMG1302-T11C maps
each local IP address to a unique global IP address.
•Server: This type allows you to specify inside servers of different services behind the NAT to be
accessible to the outside world.
Port numbers do NOT change for One-to-One and Many-to-Many No Overload NAT mapping
types.
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The following table summarizes these types.
Ta ble 56 NAT Mapping Types
TYPE IP MAPPING
One-to-One ILA1 IGA1
Many-to-One (SUA/PAT) ILA1 IGA1
ILA2 IGA1
…
Many-to-Many Overload ILA1 IGA1
ILA2 IGA2
ILA3 IGA1
ILA4 IGA2
…
Many-to-Many No Overload ILA1 IGA1
ILA2 IGA2
ILA3 IGA3
…
Server Server 1 IP IGA1
Server 2 IP IGA1
Server 3 IP IGA1
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CHAPTER 12
Port Binding
12.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to configure the port binding settings.
Port binding allows you to aggregate port connections into logical groups. You may bind WAN PVCs
to Ethernet ports and WLANs to specify how traffic is forwarded. Different ATM QoS settings can be
specified for each WAN PVC to meet bandwidth requirements for the type of traffic to be
transferred.
For example, three port binding groups could be created on the device (R1) for three different WAN
PVC connections. The first PVC (PVC0) is for non time-sensitive data traffic. The second and third
PVCs (PVC1 and PVC2) are for time sensitive Media-On-Demand (MOD) video traffic and VoIP
traffic, respectively.
Figure 76 Port Binding Groups
S2
S1
R1
R1
R1
MOD
VoIP
Data
PVC0
PVC2
PVC1
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If a WAN PVC is bound to an ethernet port, traffic from the ethernet port will only be forwarded
through the specified WAN PVC and vice versa. If a port is not in a port binding group, traffic to and
from the port will be forwarded according to the routing table. See the tutorial chapter (Chapter 4
on page 32) for more details on configuring port binding for multiple WAN connections.
12.1.1 What You Can Do in the Port Binding Screens
•Use the Port Binding screen (Section 12.2 on page 159) to activate port binding, and set up
port binding groups.
•Use the Port Binding Summary screen (Section 12.2.1 on page 160) to view configured port
binding groups.
12.2 The Port Binding Screen
Use this screen to enable port binding and set up port binding groups. Click Network Setting >
Port Binding > Port Binding to display the following screen.
Figure 77 Network Setting > Port Binding > Port Binding
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 57 Network Setting > Port Binding > Port Binding
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Select to activate or deactivate the port binding feature.
Port Binding
Active Activate or deactivate port binding for the port binding group.
Group Index Select the index number for the port binding group.
When a port is assigned to a port binding group, traffic will be forwarded to the other
ports in the group, but not to ports in other groups. If a port is not included in any
groups, traffic will be forwarded according to the routing table.
ATM VCs Select the ATM VC (PVC) to include in the port binding group. Each ATM VC can only
be bound to one group.
Ethernet Select the Ethernet (Eth) ports to include in the port binding group. Each Ethernet
port can only be bound to one group.
Wireless LAN Select the WLAN (AP) connection to include in the port binding group. Additional APs
can be enabled on the More AP screen (Section 7.3 on page 94).
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12.2.1 Port Binding Summary Screen
Use this screen to view configured port binding groups.
In the Port Binding screen, click the Port Binding Summary button in the Group Summary
section to display the following screen.
Figure 78 Network Setting > Port Binding > Port Binding Summary
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Group Summary
Port Binding
Summary
Click this to view a summary of configured port binding groups.
Apply Add the selected port binding group configuration.
Delete Delete the selected port binding group configuration.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 57 Network Setting > Port Binding > Port Binding (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 58 Network Setting > Port Binding > Port Binding Summary
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Group ID This field displays the group index number.
Group port This field displays the ports included in the group.
Example
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CHAPTER 13
Dynamic DNS Setup
13.1 Overview
Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic
DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access
your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance
myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an
IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to
call you even if they don't know your IP address.
First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for
people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a domain name.
The Dynamic DNS service provider will give you a password or key.
13.1.1 What You Can Do in the DDNS Screen
Use the Dynamic DNS screen (Section 13.2 on page 161) to enable DDNS and configure the DDNS
settings on the AMG1302-T11C.
13.1.2 What You Need To Know About DDNS
DYNDNS Wildcard
Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same
IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example,
www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname.
If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS.
13.2 The Dynamic DNS Screen
Use this screen to change your AMG1302-T11C’s DDNS. Click Network Setting > Dynamic DNS.
The screen appears as shown.
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Figure 79 Network Setting > Dynamic DNS
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Ta ble 59 Network Setting > Dynamic DNS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Dynamic DNS Configuration
Dynamic DNS Select Enable to use dynamic DNS.
Service Provider Select your Dynamic DNS service provider.
Host Name Type the domain name assigned to your AMG1302-T11C by your Dynamic DNS provider.
You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (",").
Username Type your user name.
Password Type the password assigned to you.
Dynamic DNS Status
User
Authentication
Result
This shows Success if the account is correctly set up with the Dynamic DNS provider
account.
Last Updated Time This shows the last time the IP address the Dynamic DNS provider has associated with
the hostname was updated.
Current Dynamic
IP
This shows the IP address your Dynamic DNS provider has currently associated with the
hostname.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
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CHAPTER 14
Filters
14.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the type of filter supported by the AMG1302-T11C. You can configure rules
to restrict traffic by MAC addresses.
14.1.1 What You Can Do in the Filter Screens
•Use the Filter screen (Section 14.2 on page 163) to create MAC filter rules.
14.2 The Filter Screen
Use this screen to create and apply MAC filters. Click Security > Filter. The screen appears as
shown.
Figure 80 Security > Filter
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 60 Security > Filter
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Rule Type
Rule Type selection Select White List to specify traffic to allow and Black List to specify traffic to
disallow.
MAC Filter Rule Editing
MAC Filter Rule Index Select the index number of the filter rule.
Active Use this field to enable or disable the filter rule.
Source MAC Address Enter the MAC addresses of the clients that are allowed access to the AMG1302-
T11C. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six
hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
MAC Filter Listing
MAC Filter Rule Index Select the index number of the filter set from the drop-down list box.
#This is the index number of the rule in a filter set.
Active This field shows whether the rule is activated.
Mac Address This is the MAC address of the packets being filtered.
Apply Click this to apply your changes.
Delete Click this to remove the filter rule.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
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CHAPTER 15
Firewall
15.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to enable the AMG1302-T11C firewall. Use the firewall to protect your
AMG1302-T11C and network from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control access to it. The
firewall:
• allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all other networks.
• blocks traffic that originates on other networks from going to the LAN.
• blocks SYN and port scanner attacks.
By default, the AMG1302-T11C blocks DDOS, LAND and Ping of Death attacks whether the firewall
is enabled or disabled.
The following figure illustrates the firewall action. User A can initiate an IM (Instant Messaging)
session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this session is also allowed (2). However
other traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked (3 and 4).
Figure 81 Default Firewall Action
15.1.1 What You Can Do in the Firewall Screens
•Use the General screen (Section 15.2 on page 167) to select the firewall protection level on the
AMG1302-T11C.
•Use the Default Action screen (Section 15.3 on page 168) to set the default action that the
firewall takes on packets that do not match any of the firewall rules.
•Use the Rules screen (Section 15.4 on page 169) to view the configured firewall rules and add,
edit or remove a firewall rule.
•Use the Dos screen (Section 15.5 on page 174) to set the thresholds that the AMG1302-T11C
uses to determine when to start dropping sessions that do not become fully established (half-
open sessions).
WAN
LAN
3
4
1
2
A
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15.1.2 What You Need to Know About Firew all
SYN Attack
A SYN attack floods a targeted system with a series of SYN packets. Each packet causes the
targeted system to issue a SYN-ACK response. While the targeted system waits for the ACK that
follows the SYN-ACK, it queues up all outstanding SYN-ACK responses on a backlog queue. SYN-
ACKs are moved off the queue only when an ACK comes back or when an internal timer terminates
the three-way handshake. Once the queue is full, the system will ignore all incoming SYN requests,
making the system unavailable for legitimate users.
DoS
Denials of Service (DoS) attacks are aimed at devices and networks with a connection to the
Internet. Their goal is not to steal information, but to disable a device or network so users no longer
have access to network resources. The AMG1302-T11C is pre-configured to automatically detect
and thwart all known DoS attacks.
DDoS
A Distributed DoS (DDoS) attack is one in which multiple compromised systems attack a single
target, thereby causing denial of service for users of the targeted system.
LAND Attack
In a Local Area Network Denial (LAND) attack, hackers flood SYN packets into the network with a
spoofed source IP address of the target system. This makes it appear as if the host computer sent
the packets to itself, making the system unavailable while the target system tries to respond to
itself.
Ping of Death
Ping of Death uses a "ping" utility to create and send an IP packet that exceeds the maximum
65,536 bytes of data allowed by the IP specification. This may cause systems to crash, hang or
reboot.
SPI
Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) tracks each connection crossing the firewall and makes sure it is
valid. Filtering decisions are based not only on rules but also context. For example, traffic from the
WAN may only be allowed to cross the firewall in response to a request from the LAN.
RFC 4890 SPEC Traffic
RFC 4890 specifies the filtering policies for ICMPv6 messages. This is important for protecting
against security threats including DoS, probing, redirection attacks and renumbering attacks that
can be carried out through ICMPv6. Since ICMPv6 error messages are critical for establishing and
maintaining communications, filtering policy focuses on ICMPv6 informational messages.
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Anti-Probing
If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your AMG1302-T11C, an ICMP
response packet is automatically returned. This allows the outside user to know the AMG1302-T11C
exists. The AMG1302-T11C supports anti-probing, which prevents the ICMP response packet from
being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your AMG1302-T11C when unsupported ports are
probed.
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a message control and error-reporting protocol
between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams,
but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to the application
user.
DoS Thresholds
For DoS attacks, the AMG1302-T11C uses thresholds to determine when to drop sessions that do
not become fully established. These thresholds apply globally to all sessions. You can use the
default threshold values, or you can change them to values more suitable to your security
requirements.
15.2 The Firewall General Screen
Use this screen to select the firewall protection level on the AMG1302-T11C. Click Security >
Firewall > General to display the following screen.
Figure 82 Security > Firewall > General
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
15.3 The Default Action Screen
Use this screen to set the default action that the firewall takes on packets that do not match any of
the firewall rules. Click Security > Firewall > Default Action to display the following screen.
Figure 83 Security > Firewall > Default Action
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 61 Security > Firewall > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
High This setting blocks all traffic to and from the Internet. Only local network traffic and LAN to WAN
service (Telnet, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, POP3, SMTP) is permitted.
Medium This is the recommended setting. It allows traffic to the Internet but blocks anyone from the
Internet from accessing any services on your local network.
Low This setting allows traffic to the Internet and also allows someone from the Internet to access
services on your local network. This would be used with Port Forwarding, Default Server.
Custom This setting allows the customer to create and edit individual firewall rules.
Firewall rules can be created in the Default Action screen (Section 15.3 on page 168) and Rules
screen (Section 15.4 on page 169).
Off This setting is not recommended. It disables firewall protection for your network and could
potentially expose your network to significant security risks. This option should only be used for
troubleshooting or if you intend using another firewall in conjunction with your ZyXEL router.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 62 Security > Firewall > Default Action
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Packet Direction This is the direction of travel of packets (LAN to WAN, WAN to LAN).
Firewall rules are grouped based on the direction of travel of packets to which they apply.
Default Action Use the drop-down list boxes to select the default action that the firewall is to take on
packets that are traveling in the selected direction and do not match any of the firewall
rules.
Select Drop to silently discard the packets without sending a TCP reset packet or an ICMP
destination-unreachable message to the sender.
Select Reject to deny the packets and send a TCP reset packet (for a TCP packet) or an
ICMP destination-unreachable message (for a UDP packet) to the sender.
Select Permit to allow the passage of the packets.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
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15.4 The Rules Screen
Click Security > Firewall > Rules to display the following screen. This screen displays a list of the
configured firewall rules. Note the order in which the rules are listed.
Note: The firewall configuration screen shown in this section is specific to the following
devices: P-The ordering of your rules is very important as rules are applied in turn.
Figure 84 Security > Firewall > Rules
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 63 Security > Firewall > Rules
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Firewall Rules
Storage Space in
Use
This read-only bar shows how much of the AMG1302-T11C's memory for recording
firewall rules it is currently using. When you are using 80% or less of the storage space,
the bar is green. When the amount of space used is over 80%, the bar is red.
Packet Direction Use the drop-down list box to select a direction of travel of packets for which you want
to configure firewall rules.
Create a new rule
after rule number
Select an index number and click Add to add a new firewall rule after the selected index
number. For example, if you select “6”, your new rule becomes number 7 and the
previous rule 7 (if there is one) becomes rule 8.
The following read-only fields summarize the rules you have created that apply to traffic
traveling in the selected packet direction. The firewall rules that you configure
(summarized below) take priority over the general firewall action settings in the
General screen.
#This is your firewall rule number. The ordering of your rules is important as rules are
applied in turn.
Active This field displays whether a firewall is turned on or not. Select the check box to enable
the rule. Clear the check box to disable the rule.
Source IP Address This column displays the source addresses or ranges of addresses to which this firewall
rule applies. Please note that a blank source or destination address is equivalent to Any.
Destination IP
Address
This column displays the destination addresses or ranges of addresses to which this
firewall rule applies. Please note that a blank source or destination address is equivalent
to Any.
Service This column displays the services to which this firewall rule applies. See Appendix G on
page 289 for more information.
Action This field displays whether the firewall silently discards packets (Drop), discards
packets and sends a TCP reset packet or an ICMP destination-unreachable message to
the sender (Reject) or allows the passage of packets (Permit).
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15.4.1 The Rules Add Screen
Use this screen to configure firewall rules. In the Rules screen, select an index number and click
Add or click a rule’s Edit icon to display this screen and refer to the following table for information
on the labels.
Source Interface This column displays the source interface to which this firewall rule applies. This is the
interface through which the traffic entered the AMG1302-T11C. Please note that a blank
source interface is equivalent to Any.
Destination
Interface
This column displays the destination interface to which this firewall rule applies. This is
the interface through which the traffic is destined to leave the AMG1302-T11C. Please
note that a blank source interface is equivalent to Any.
Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.
Click the Delete icon to remove an existing firewall rule. A window displays asking you
to confirm that you want to delete the firewall rule. Note that subsequent firewall rules
move up by one when you take this action.
Order To change a rule’s position in the numbered list, click the icon to display the Move the
rule to field to type a number for where you want to put the rule and click the Move
button to move the rule to the number that you typed.
The ordering of your rules is important as they are applied in order of their numbering.
Ta ble 63 Security > Firewall > Rules
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 85 Security > Firewall > Rules > Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 64 Security > Firewall > Rules > Add
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this option to enable this firewall rule.
Action for Matched
Packets
Use the drop-down list box to select whether to discard (Drop), deny and send an
ICMP destination-unreachable message to the sender of (Reject) or allow the
passage of (Permit) packets that match this rule.
IP Version Type Select the IP version, IPv4 or IPv6, to apply this firewall rule to.
Rate Limit Set a maximum number of packets per second, minute, or hour to limit the
throughput of traffic that matches this rule.
Maximum Burst
Number
Set the maximum number of packets that can be sent at the peak rate.
Log This field determines if a log for packets that match the rule is created or not.
Rules/Destination Address
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15.4.2 Customized Services
Configure customized services and port numbers not predefined by the AMG1302-T11C. For a
comprehensive list of port numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number
Authority) website. See Appendix G on page 289 for some examples. Click the Edit Customized
Services button while editing a firewall rule to configure a custom service port. This displays the
following screen.
Address Type Do you want your rule to apply to packets with a particular (single) IP, a range of IP
addresses (for instance, 192.168.1.10 to 192.169.1.50), a subnet or any IP address?
Select an option from the drop-down list box that includes: Single Address, Range
Address, Subnet Address and Any Address.
Start IP Address Enter the single IP address or the starting IP address in a range here.
End IP Address Enter the ending IP address in a range here.
Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask here, if applicable.
Source Mac Address Specify a source MAC address of traffic to which to apply this firewall rule applies.
Please note that a blank source MAC address is equivalent to any.
Source Interface Specify a source interface to which this firewall rule applies. This is the interface
through which the traffic entered the AMG1302-T11C. Please note that a blank
source interface is equivalent to any.
Destination Interface Specify a destination interface to which this firewall rule applies. This is the interface
through which the traffic is destined to leave the AMG1302-T11C. Please note that a
blank source interface is equivalent to any.
Services
Available Services Please see Appendix G on page 289 for more information on services available.
Select a service from the Available Servic es box.
Edit Customized
Service
Click the Edit Customized Service button to bring up the screen that you use to
configure a new custom service that is not in the predefined list of services.
TCP Flag Specify any TCP flag bits the firewall rule is to check for.
Schedule Select the days and time during which to apply the rule. Select Everyday and All
Day to always apply the rule.
OK Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to exit this screen without saving.
Ta ble 64 Security > Firewall > Rules > Add
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 86 Security > Firewall > Rules: Edit: Edit Customized Services
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
15.4.3 Customized Service Add/Edit
Use this screen to add a customized rule or edit an existing rule. Click Add or the Edit icon next to
a rule number in the Firewall Customized Services screen to display the following screen.
Figure 87 Security > Firewall > Rules: Edit: Edit Customized Services: Add/Edit
Ta ble 65 Security > Firewall > Rules: Edit: Edit Customized Services
LABEL DESCRIPTION
#This is the number of your customized port.
Name This is the name of your customized service.
Protocol This shows the IP protocol (TCP or UDP) that defines your customized service.
Port Type This is the port number or range that defines your customized service.
Start Port This is a single port number or the starting port number of a range that defines your
customized service.
End Port This is a single port number or the ending port number of a range that defines your customized
service.
Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.
Click the Delete icon to remove an existing rule.
Add Click this to configure a customized service.
OK Click this to save your changes and return to the Firewall Edit Rule screen.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
15.5 The DoS Screen
Use this screen to enable DoS protection. Click Security > Firewall > Dos to display the following
screen.
Figure 88 Security > Firewall > Dos
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
15.5.1 The DoS Advanced Screen
For DoS attacks, the AMG1302-T11C uses thresholds to determine when to start dropping sessions
that do not become fully established (half-open sessions). These thresholds apply globally to all
sessions.
For TCP, half-open means that the session has not reached the established state-the TCP three-way
handshake has not yet been completed. Under normal circumstances, the application that initiates
Ta ble 66 Security > Firewall > Rules: Edit: Edit Customized Services: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Config
Service Name Type a unique name for your custom port.
Service Type Choose the IP port (TCP or UDP) that defines your customized port from the drop down list
box.
Port Configuration
Type Click Single to specify one port only or Port Range to specify a span of ports that define
your customized service.
Port Number Type a single port number or the range of port numbers that define your customized
service.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to to exit this screen without saving.
Ta ble 67 Security > Firewall > Dos
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Denial of Services Enable this to protect against DoS attacks. The AMG1302-T11C will drop sessions that
surpass maximum thresholds.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Advanced Click this to go to a screen to specify maximum thresholds at which the AMG1302-T11C
will start dropping sessions.
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a session sends a SYN (synchronize) packet to the receiving server. The receiver sends back an ACK
(acknowledgment) packet and its own SYN, and then the initiator responds with an ACK
(acknowledgment). After this handshake, a connection is established.
Figure 89 Three-Way Handshake
For UDP, half-open means that the firewall has detected no return traffic. An unusually high number
(or arrival rate) of half-open sessions could indicate a DOS attack.
15.5.1.1 Threshold Values
If everything is working properly, you probably do not need to change the threshold settings as the
default threshold values should work for most small offices. Tune these parameters when you
believe the AMG1302-T11C has been receiving DoS attacks that are not recorded in the logs or the
logs show that the AMG1302-T11C is classifying normal traffic as DoS attacks. Factors influencing
choices for threshold values are:
1The maximum number of opened sessions.
2The minimum capacity of server backlog in your LAN network.
3The CPU power of servers in your LAN network.
4Network bandwidth.
5Type of traffic for certain servers.
Reduce the threshold values if your network is slower than average for any of these factors
(especially if you have servers that are slow or handle many tasks and are often busy).
• If you often use P2P applications such as file sharing with eMule or eDonkey, it’s recommended
that you increase the threshold values since lots of sessions will be established during a small
period of time and the AMG1302-T11C may classify them as DoS attacks.
15.5.2 Configuring Firewall Thresholds
Click Security > Firewall > DoS > Advanced to display the following screen.
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Figure 90 Security > Firewall > DoS > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
15.6 Firewall Technical Reference
This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this
chapter.
15.6.1 Firewall Rules Overview
Your customized rules take precedence and override the AMG1302-T11C’s default settings. The
AMG1302-T11C checks the source IP address, destination IP address and IP protocol type of
Ta ble 68 Security > Firewall > DoS > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
TCP SYN-Request
Count
This is the rate of new TCP half-open sessions per second that causes the firewall to
start deleting half-open sessions. When the rate of new connection attempts rises
above this number, the AMG1302-T11C deletes half-open sessions as required to
accommodate new connection attempts.
UDP Packet Count This is the rate of new UDP half-open sessions per second that causes the firewall to
start deleting half-open sessions. When the rate of new connection attempts rises
above this number, the AMG1302-T11C deletes half-open sessions as required to
accommodate new connection attempts.
ICMP Echo-Request
Count
This is the rate of new ICMP Echo-Request half-open sessions per second that causes
the firewall to start deleting half-open sessions. When the rate of new connection
attempts rises above this number, the AMG1302-T11C deletes half-open sessions as
required to accommodate new connection attempts.
ICMP Redirect Select to enable or disable ICMP Redirect Protection.
An ICMP redirect message is a way to change the existing routing path. Generally,
ICMP redirect packets should not be sent, and so when there is the occurrence that
ICMP redirect packets are sent, it is important to note that it is very likely to be used
as a means for a network attack.
DoS Log Select to determines if a log is created or not when the AMG1302-T11C drops
sessions that surpass maximum thresholds.
OK Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to exit this screen without saving.
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network traffic against the firewall rules (in the order you list them). When the traffic matches a
rule, the AMG1302-T11C takes the action specified in the rule.
Firewall rules are grouped based on the direction of travel of packets to which they apply:
Note: The LAN includes both the LAN port and the WLAN.
By default, the AMG1302-T11C’s stateful packet inspection allows packets traveling in the following
directions:
•LAN to Router
These rules specify which computers on the LAN can manage the AMG1302-T11C (remote
management).
Note: You can also configure the remote management settings to allow only a specific
computer to manage the AMG1302-T11C.
•LAN to WAN
These rules specify which computers on the LAN can access which computers or services on the
WAN.
By default, the AMG1302-T11C’s stateful packet inspection drops packets traveling in the following
directions:
•WAN to LAN
These rules specify which computers on the WAN can access which computers or services on the
LAN.
Note: You also need to configure NAT port forwarding (or full featured NAT address
mapping rules) to allow computers on the WAN to access devices on the LAN.
•WAN to Router
By default the AMG1302-T11C stops computers on the WAN from managing the AMG1302-T11C.
You could configure one of these rules to allow a WAN computer to manage the AMG1302-T11C.
Note: You also need to configure the remote management settings to allow a WAN
computer to manage the AMG1302-T11C.
You may define additional rules and sets or modify existing ones but please exercise extreme
caution in doing so.
For example, you may create rules to:
• Block certain types of traffic, such as IRC (Internet Relay Chat), from the LAN to the Internet.
• Allow certain types of traffic, such as Lotus Notes database synchronization, from specific hosts
on the Internet to specific hosts on the LAN.
• Allow everyone except your competitors to access a web server.
• Restrict use of certain protocols, such as Telnet, to authorized users on the LAN.
•LAN to Router •WAN to LAN
• LAN to WAN • WAN to Router
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These custom rules work by comparing the source IP address, destination IP address and IP
protocol type of network traffic to rules set by the administrator. Your customized rules take
precedence and override the AMG1302-T11C’s default rules.
15.6.2 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall
6Change the default password via web configurator.
7Think about access control before you connect to the network in any way.
8Limit who can access your router.
9Don't enable any local service (such as telnet or FTP) that you don't use. Any enabled service could
present a potential security risk. A determined hacker might be able to find creative ways to misuse
the enabled services to access the firewall or the network.
10 For local services that are enabled, protect against misuse. Protect by configuring the services to
communicate only with specific peers, and protect by configuring rules to block packets for the
services at specific interfaces.
11 Protect against IP spoofing by making sure the firewall is active.
12 Keep the firewall in a secured (locked) room.
15.6.3 Security Considerations
Note: Incorrectly configuring the firewall may block valid access or introduce security
risks to the AMG1302-T11C and your protected network. Use caution when creating
or deleting firewall rules and test your rules after you configure them.
Consider these security ramifications before creating a rule:
1Does this rule stop LAN users from accessing critical resources on the Internet? For example, if IRC
is blocked, are there users that require this service?
2Is it possible to modify the rule to be more specific? For example, if IRC is blocked for all users, will
a rule that blocks just certain users be more effective?
3Does a rule that allows Internet users access to resources on the LAN create a security
vulnerability? For example, if FTP ports (TCP 20, 21) are allowed from the Internet to the LAN,
Internet users may be able to connect to computers with running FTP servers.
4Does this rule conflict with any existing rules?
Once these questions have been answered, adding rules is simply a matter of entering the
information into the correct fields in the web configurator screens.
15.6.4 Triangle Route
When the firewall is on, your AMG1302-T11C acts as a secure gateway between your LAN and the
Internet. In an ideal network topology, all incoming and outgoing network traffic passes through
the AMG1302-T11C to protect your LAN against attacks.
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Figure 91 Ideal Firewall Setup
15.6.4.1 The “Triangle Route” Problem
A traffic route is a path for sending or receiving data packets between two Ethernet devices. You
may have more than one connection to the Internet (through one or more ISPs). If an alternate
gateway is on the LAN (and its IP address is in the same subnet as the AMG1302-T11C’s LAN IP
address), the “triangle route” (also called asymmetrical route) problem may occur. The steps below
describe the “triangle route” problem.
1A computer on the LAN initiates a connection by sending out a SYN packet to a receiving server on
the WAN.
2The AMG1302-T11C reroutes the SYN packet through Gateway A on the LAN to the WAN.
3The reply from the WAN goes directly to the computer on the LAN without going through the
AMG1302-T11C.
As a result, the AMG1302-T11C resets the connection, as the connection has not been
acknowledged.
Figure 92 “Triangle Route” Problem
15.6.4.2 Solving the “Triangle Route” Problem
If you have the AMG1302-T11C allow triangle route sessions, traffic from the WAN can go directly
to a LAN computer without passing through the AMG1302-T11C and its firewall protection.
Another solution is to use IP alias. IP alias allows you to partition your network into logical sections
over the same Ethernet interface. Your AMG1302-T11C supports up to three logical LAN interfaces
with the AMG1302-T11C being the gateway for each logical network.
1
2
WAN
LAN
1
2
3
WAN
LAN
A
ISP 1
ISP 2
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It’s like having multiple LAN networks that actually use the same physical cables and ports. By
putting your LAN and Gateway A in different subnets, all returning network traffic must pass
through the AMG1302-T11C to your LAN. The following steps describe such a scenario.
1A computer on the LAN initiates a connection by sending a SYN packet to a receiving server on the
WAN.
2The AMG1302-T11C reroutes the packet to Gateway A, which is in Subnet 2.
3The reply from the WAN goes to the AMG1302-T11C.
4The AMG1302-T11C then sends it to the computer on the LAN in Subnet 1.
Figure 93 IP Alias
1
2
3
LAN
A
ISP 1
ISP 2
4
WAN
Subnet 1
Subnet 2
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CHAPTER 16
Parental Control
16.1 Overview
Parental control allows you to block web sites with the specific URL. You can also define time
periods and days during which the AMG1302-T11C performs parental control on a specific user.
16.2 The Parental Control Screen
Use this screen to enable parental control, view the parental control rules and schedules.
Click Security > Parental Control to open the following screen.
Figure 94 Security > Parental Control
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Ta ble 69 Security > Parental Control
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Parental Control Use this field to activate or deactivate parental control.
Add new PCP Click this to create a new parental control rule.
# This is the index number of the rule.
Status This indicates whether the rule is active or not.
A yellow bulb signifies that this rule is active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not
active.
PCP Name This shows the name of the rule.
Home Network User This shows the MAC address of the LAN user’s computer to which this rule applies.
Internet Access
Schedule
This shows the day(s) and time on which parental control is enabled.
Network Service This shows whether the network service is configured. If not, None will be shown.
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16.2.1 Add/Edit Parental Control Rule
Click Add new PCP in the Parental Control screen to add a new rule or click the Edit icon next to
an existing rule to edit it. Use this screen to configure a restricted access schedule and/or URL
filtering settings to block the users on your network from accessing certain web sites.
Figure 95 Add/Edit Parental Control Rule
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Website Blocked This shows whether the website block is configured. If not, None will be shown.
Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.
Click the Delete icon to remove an existing rule.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 69 Security > Parental Control (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 70 Parental Control: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General
Active Select the checkbox to activate this parental control rule.
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Parental Control
Profile Name
Enter a descriptive name for the rule.
Home Network User Select the LAN user that you want to apply this rule to from the drop-down list box. If
you select Custom, enter the LAN user’s MAC address. If you select All, the rule
applies to all LAN users.
Internet Access Schedule
Day Select check boxes for the days that you want the AMG1302-T11C to perform parental
control.
Time of Day to Apply
Start Time
End Time
Enter the starting and ending time that the LAN user is allowed access.
Network Service
Network Service
Setting
If you select Block, the AMG1302-T11C prohibits the users from viewing the Web sites
with the URLs listed below.
If you select Access, the AMG1302-T11C blocks access to all URLs except ones listed
below.
Add new service Click this to show a screen in which you can add a new service rule. You can configure
the Service Name, Protocol, and Name of the new rule.
Active This shows whether a configured service is activated or not.
Service Name This shows the name of the rule.
Protocol This shows the protocol of the rule.
Port This shows the port of the rule.
Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.
Click the Delete icon to remove an existing rule.
Blocked Site/URL Enter the URL of web sites or URL keywords to which the AMG1302-T11C blocks
access.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Ta ble 70 Parental Control: Add/Edit (continued)
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CHAPTER 17
Certificate
17.1 Overview
The AMG1302-T11C can use certificates (also called digital IDs) to authenticate users. Certificates
are based on public-private key pairs. A certificate contains the certificate owner’s identity and
public key. Certificates provide a way to exchange public keys for use in authentication.
17.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
•Use the Local Certificates screen (Section 17.3 on page 184) to view and import the AMG1302-
T11C’s CA-signed certificates.
•Use the Trusted CA screen (Section 17.4 on page 186) to save the certificates of trusted CAs to
the AMG1302-T11C.
17.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Certification Authority
A Certification Authority (CA) issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate
owner. There are commercial certification authorities like CyberTrust or VeriSign and government
certification authorities. The certification authority uses its private key to sign certificates. Anyone
can then use the certification authority's public key to verify the certificates. You can use the
AMG1302-T11C to generate certification requests that contain identifying information and public
keys and then send the certification requests to a certification authority.
Certificate File Format
The certification authority certificate that you want to import has to be in one of these file formats:
• PEM (Base-64) encoded X.509: This Privacy Enhanced Mail format uses 64 ASCII characters to
convert a binary X.509 certificate into a printable form.
17.3 Local Certificates
Use this screen to view the AMG1302-T11C’s summary list of certificates and certification requests.
You can import the following certificates to your AMG1302-T11C:
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• Web Server or Client Certificate - This certificate secures HTTP connections.
• SSH - This certificate secures remote connections.
Click Security > Certificates to open the Local Certificates screen.
Figure 96 Security > Certificates > Local Certificates
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 71 Security > Certificates > Local Certificates
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WebServer Click Browse... to find the certificate file you want to upload.
Current File This field displays the name used to identify this certificate. It is recommended that you
give each certificate a unique name.
Subject This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s owner, such as CN
(Common Name), OU (Organizational Unit or department), O (Organization or company)
and C (Country). It is recommended that each certificate have unique subject
information.
Issuer This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing certification
authority, such as a common name, organizational unit or department, organization or
company and country.
Valid From This field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable. The text displays in red
and includes a Not Yet Valid! message if the certificate has not yet become applicable.
Valid To This field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text displays in red and
includes an Expiring! or Expired! message if the certificate is about to expire or has
already expired.
Cert Click this button and then Save in the File Download screen. The Save As screen
opens, browse to the location that you want to use and click Save.
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17.4 The Trusted CA Screen
Use this screen to view a summary list of certificates of the certification authorities that you have
set the AMG1302-T11C to accept as trusted. The AMG1302-T11C accepts any valid certificate
signed by a certification authority on this list as being trustworthy; thus you do not need to import
any certificate that is signed by one of these certification authorities.
Click Security > Certificates > Trusted CA to open the Trusted CA screen.
Figure 97 Security > Certificates > Trusted CA
SSH Type in the location of the SSH certificate file you want to upload in this field or click
Browse to find it.
Current File This field displays the name used to identify this certificate. It is recommended that you
give each certificate a unique name.
Key Type This field applies to the SSH certificate.
This shows the file format of the current certificate.
Client Certificate Type in the location of the certificate or click Browse... to find the certificate file you want
to upload.
Private Key is
protected by a
password
Select this option and enter the private key into the text box to store it on the AMG1302-
T11C. The private key should not exceed 63 ASCII characters (not including spaces).
Current File This field displays the name used to identify this certificate.
Subject This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing certification
authority, such as a common name, organizational unit or department, organization or
company and country.
Issuer This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing certification
authority, such as a common name, organizational unit or department, organization or
company and country.
Valid From This field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable.
Valid To This field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text displays in red and
includes an Expiring! or Expired! message if the certificate is about to expire or has
already expired.
Cert Click this button and then Save in the File Download screen. The Save As screen
opens, browse to the location that you want to use and click Save.
Replace Click this to replace the certificate(s) and save your changes back to the AMG1302-T11C.
Reset Click this to clear your settings.
Ta ble 71 Security > Certificates > Local Certificates (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
17.5 Trusted CA Import
Click Import Certificate in the Trusted CA screen to open the Import Certificate screen. You
can save a trusted certification authority’s certificate to the AMG1302-T11C.
Note: You must remove any spaces from the certificate’s filename before you can import
the certificate.
Figure 98 Trusted CA > Import
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 72 Security > Certificates > Trusted CA
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Import Certificate Click this button to open a screen where you can save the certificate of a certification
authority that you trust to the AMG1302-T11C.
Name This field displays the name used to identify this certificate.
Subject This field displays information that identifies the owner of the certificate, such as Common
Name (CN), OU (Organizational Unit or department), Organization (O), State (ST) and
Country (C). It is recommended that each certificate have unique subject information.
Type This field displays general information about the certificate. ca means that a Certification
Authority signed the certificate.
Action Click View to open a screen with an in-depth list of information about the certificate.
Click Remove to delete the certificate.
Ta ble 73 Security > Certificates > Trusted CA > Import
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Certificate File
Path
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse to find it.
Browse Click Browse to find the certificate file you want to upload.
Apply Click Apply to save the certificate on the AMG1302-T11C.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
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17.6 View Certificate
Use this screen to view in-depth information about the certification authority’s certificate, change
the certificate’s name and set whether or not you want the AMG1302-T11C to check a certification
authority’s list of revoked certificates before trusting a certificate issued by the certification
authority.
Click Security > Certificates > Trusted CA to open the Trusted CA screen. Click the View icon
to open the View Certificate screen.
Figure 99 Trusted CA: View
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 74 Trusted CA: View
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Certificate Name This field displays the identifying name of this certificate. If you want to change the
name, type up to 31 characters to identify this key certificate. You may use any
character (not including spaces).
Certificate Detail This read-only text box displays the certificate or certification request in Privacy
Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses 64 ASCII characters to convert the binary
certificate into a printable form.
You can copy and paste the certificate into an e-mail to send to friends or colleagues or
you can copy and paste the certificate into a text editor and save the file on a
management computer for later distribution (via floppy disk for example).
Back Click this to return to the previous screen.
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CHAPTER 18
Logs
18.1 Overview
The web configurator allows you to choose which categories of events and/or alerts to have the
AMG1302-T11C log and then display the logs or have the AMG1302-T11C send them to an
administrator (as e-mail) or to a syslog server.
18.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
•Use the Log screen (Section 18.2 on page 190) to see the system logs for the categories that
you select.
18.1.2 What You Need To Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.
Alerts and Logs
An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. They include system errors, attacks
(access control) and attempted access to blocked web sites. Some categories such as System
Errors consist of both logs and alerts. You may differentiate them by their color in the View Log
screen. Alerts display in red and logs display in black.
Syslog Overview
The syslog protocol allows devices to send event notification messages across an IP network to
syslog servers that collect the event messages. A syslog-enabled device can generate a syslog
message and send it to a syslog server.
Syslog is defined in RFC 3164. The RFC defines the packet format, content and system log related
information of syslog messages. Each syslog message has a facility and severity level. The syslog
facility identifies a file in the syslog server. Refer to the documentation of your syslog program for
details. The following table describes the syslog severity levels.
Ta ble 75 Syslog Severity Levels
CODE SEVERITY
0 Emergency: The system is unusable.
1 Alert: Action must be taken immediately.
2 Critical: The system condition is critical.
3 Error: There is an error condition on the system.
4 Warning: There is a warning condition on the system.
5 Notice: There is a normal but significant condition on the system.
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18.2 The System Log Screen
Click System Monitor > Log to open the System Log screen. Use the System Log screen to see
the system logs for the categories that you select in the upper left drop-down list box.
Figure 100 System Monitor > Log > System Log
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
6 Informational: The syslog contains an informational message.
7 Debug: The message is intended for debug-level purposes.
Ta ble 75 Syslog Severity Levels
CODE SEVERITY
Ta ble 76 System Monitor > Log > System Log
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Level Select a severity level from the drop-down list box. This filters search results according to
the severity level you have selected. When you select a severity, the AMG1302-T11C
searches through all logs of that severity or higher.
Refresh Click this to renew the log screen.
Clear Logs Click this to delete all the logs.
Export Click this to download logs to a file on your computer.
Email Log Now Click this to send logs to a specified e-mail address.
#This field is a sequential value and is not associated with a specific entry.
Time This field displays the time the log was recorded.
Level This field displays the severity level of the logs that the device is to send to this syslog
server.
Message This field states the reason for the log.
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CHAPTER 19
Traffic Status
19.1 Overview
Use the Traffic Status screens to look at network traffic status and statistics of the WAN, LAN
interfaces and NAT.
19.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
•Use the WAN screen to view the WAN traffic statistics (Section 19.2 on page 191).
•Use the LAN screen to view the LAN traffic statistics (Section 19.3 on page 192).
•Use the NAT screen to view the NAT status of the AMG1302-T11C’s client(s) (Section 19.4 on
page 193).
19.2 The WAN Status Screen
Click System Monitor > Traffic Status to open the WAN screen. You can view the WAN traffic
statistics in this screen.
Figure 101 System Monitor > Traffic Status > WAN
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Ta ble 77 System Monitor > Traffic Status > WAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Status This shows the number of bytes received and sent through the WAN interface of the
AMG1302-T11C.
Refresh Interval Specify how often you want the AMG1302-T11C to update this screen.
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19.3 The LAN Status Screen
Click System Monitor > Tr affic Status > LAN to open the following screen. You can view the LAN
traffic statistics in this screen.
Figure 102 System Monitor > Traffic Status > LAN
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Set Interval Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Refresh Interval field.
Stop Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
Connected
Interface
This shows the name of the WAN interface that is currently connected.
Packets Sent
Data This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.
Error This indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this interface.
TX Bytes This indicates the number of bytes transmitted on this interface.
Packets Received
Data This indicates the number of received packets on this interface.
Error This indicates the number of frames with errors received on this interface.
RX Bytes This indicates the number of bytes received on this interface.
Ta ble 77 System Monitor > Traffic Status > WAN (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 78 System Monitor > Traffic Status > LAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh
Interval(s)
Specify how often you want the AMG1302-T11C to update this screen.
Set Interval Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Refresh Interval field.
Stop Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
Interface This shows the LAN or WLAN interface.
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19.4 The NAT Screen
Click System Monitor > Traffic Status > NAT to open the following screen. You can view the NAT
status of the AMG1302-T11C’s client(s) in this screen.
Figure 103 System Monitor > Traffic Status > NAT
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Bytes Sent This indicates the number of bytes transmitted on this interface.
Bytes Received This indicates the number of bytes received on this interface.
Interface This shows the LAN or WLAN interface.
Sent (Packet)
Data This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.
Error This indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this interface.
Drop This indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface.
Received (Packet)
Data This indicates the number of received packets on this interface.
Error This indicates the number of frames with errors received on this interface.
Drop This indicates the number of received packets dropped on this interface.
Ta ble 78 System Monitor > Traffic Status > LAN (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 79 System Monitor > Traffic Status > NAT
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval Specify how often you want the AMG1302-T11C to update this screen.
Set Interval Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Refresh Interval field.
Stop Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
Device Name This shows the name of the client.
IP Address This shows the IP address of the client.
MAC Address This shows the MAC address of the client.
No. of Open
Session
This shows the number of NAT sessions used by the client.
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CHAPTER 20
User Account
20.1 Overview
You can configure system password for the admin account in the User Account screen.
20.2 The User Account Screen
Use the User Account screen to configure system password.
Click Maintenance > User Account to open the following screen.
Figure 104 Maintenance > User Account
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 80 Maintenance > User Account
LABEL DESCRIPTION
User Name You can configure the password for the Admin account.
Old Password Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this
field.
New Password Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password,
the screen displays a (*) for each character you type. After you change the password, use
the new password to access the AMG1302-T11C.
Retype to
Confirm
Type the new password again for confirmation.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
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CHAPTER 21
TR-069 Client
21.1 Overview
The AMG1302-T11C supports TR-069 Amendment 1 (CPE WAN Management Protocol Release 2.0)
and TR-069 Amendment 2 (CPE WAN Management Protocol v1.1, Release 3.0).
TR-069 is a protocol that defines how your AMG1302-T11C (ZD) can be managed via a
management server (MS) such as ZyXEL’s Vantage Access.
Figure 105 LAN and WAN
An administrator can use a management server to remotely set up the AMG1302-T11C, modify
settings, perform firmware upgrades as well as monitor and diagnose the AMG1302-T11C.
In order to use CWMP, you need to configure the following steps:
1Activate CWMP
2Specify the URL, username and password.
3Activate periodic inform and specify an interval value.
21.2 The TR-069 Client Screen
Use this screen to configure your AMG1302-T11C to be managed by a management server. Click
Maintenance > TR-069 Client to display the following screen.
MSZD
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Figure 106 Maintenance > TR-069 Client
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Ta ble 81 Maintenance > TR-069 Client
LINK DESCRIPTION
CWMP Select Enable to allow the AMG1302-T11C to be managed by a management server or
select Disable to not allow the AMG1302-T11C to be managed by a management server.
ACS URL Type the IP address or domain name of the management server. If the AMG1302-T11C is
behind a NAT router that assigns it a private IP address, you will have to configure a NAT
port forwarding rule on the NAT router.
Generate
password
automatically
Select this option to have the AMG1302-T11C automatically generate a password. The user
name and password fields will not be configurable when you select this option.
ACS User Name The user name is used to authenticate the AMG1302-T11C when making a connection to the
management server. This user name on the management server and the AMG1302-T11C
must be the same. Type a user name of up to 255 printable characters found on an English-
language keyboard. Spaces and characters such as @#$%^&*()_+ are allowed.
ACS Password The password is used to authenticate the AMG1302-T11C when making a connection to the
management server. This password on the management server and the AMG1302-T11C
must be the same. Type a password of up to 255 printable characters found on an English-
language keyboard.
Display SOAP
messages on
serial console
Select Enable to show the SOAP messages on the console.
Connection
Request Path
Type the IP address or domain name of the AMG1302-T11C. The management server uses
this path to verify the AMG1302-T11C.
Connection
Request Port
The default port for access to the AMG1302-T11C from the management server is port
7547. If you change it, make sure it does not conflict with another port on your network and
it is recommended to use a port number above 1024 (not a commonly used port). The
management server should use this port to connect to the AMG1302-T11C. You may need to
alter your NAT port forwarding rules if they were already configured.
Connection
Request User
Name
The user name is used to authenticate the management server when connecting to the
AMG1302-T11C. Type a user name of up to 255 printable characters found on an English-
language keyboard. Spaces and characters such as @#$%^&*()_+ are allowed.
Connection
Request
Password
The password is used to authenticate the management server when connecting to the
AMG1302-T11C. Type a password of up to 255 printable characters found on an English-
language keyboard. Spaces are not allowed.
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Inform Select Enable to have the AMG1302-T11C periodically send information to the
management server (recommended if CWMP is enabled) or select Disable to not have the
AMG1302-T11C periodically send information to the management server
Inform Interval The interval is the duration in seconds for which the AMG1302-T11C must attempt to
connect with the management server to send information and check for configuration
updates. Enter a value between 1 and 86400 seconds.
Client
Certificate
You can choose a local certificate used by TR-069 client. The local certificate should be
imported in the Security > Certificates > Local Certificates screen.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 81 Maintenance > TR-069 Client (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 22
System Settings
22.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to configure system related settings, such as the inactivity timeout
interval.
22.1.1 What You Can Do in the System Settings Screens
•Use the System screen (Section 22.2 on page 198) to configure system settings.
22.2 The System Screen
Use this screen to configure the inactivity timeout interval and scheduling settings.
Click Maintenance > System to open the screen as shown.
Figure 107 Maintenance > System
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 82 Maintenance > System
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Administrator
Inactivity Timer
Type how many seconds a management session (either via the web configurator) can be
left idle before the session times out and you have to log in again. Very long idle timeouts
may have security risks. A value of "0" means a management session never times out, no
matter how long it has been left idle (not recommended).
Schedule Reboot Select Enable to let the AMG1302-T11C automatically restart at the scheduled time.
Interval Select this option and specify the interval (in seconds) at which the AMG1302-T11C
automatically restarts.
Time Select this option to specify the time of the day in 24-hour format and select the day of
the week you want the AMG1302-T11C to automatically restart.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
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CHAPTER 23
Time Setting
23.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to configure system time.
23.2 The Time Setting Screen
To change your AMG1302-T11C’s time and date, click Maintenance > Time Setting. The screen
appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the AMG1302-T11C’s time based on your local time
zone.
Figure 108 Maintenance > Time Setting
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Ta ble 83 Maintenance > Time Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current Date/Time
Current Time This field displays the time and date of your AMG1302-T11C.
Each time you reload this page, the AMG1302-T11C synchronizes the time and date
with the time server.
Time and Date Setup
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Manual Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a new
time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, the new time and date
you entered has priority and the Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect
it.
Current Time This field displays the last updated time (in hh:mm:ss format) from the time server or
the last time configured manually.
When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new time in this field and
then click Apply.
Current Date This field displays the last updated date (in yyyy/mm/dd format) from the time server
or the last date configured manually.
When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new date in this field and
then click Apply.
Get from Time
Server
Select this radio button to have the AMG1302-T11C get the time and date from the time
server you specified below.
Time Server
Address 1/2
Enter the IP address or URL (up to 20 extended ASCII characters in length) of your time
server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this information.
Time Zone Setup
Time Zone Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your
time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
Daylight Savings Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set their
clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the
evening.
Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.
Start Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected Enable
Daylight Saving. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of
examples:
Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the second Sunday of
March. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M.
local time. So in the United States you would select Second, Sunday, March and type
2 in the o'clock field.
Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All of
the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the same
moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last,
Sunday, March. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In
Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour
ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
End Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Enable
Daylight Saving. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of
examples:
Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the first Sunday of November. Each
time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So
in the United States you would select First, Sunday, November and type 2 in the
o'clock field.
Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October. All of
the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the same
moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last,
Sunday, October. The time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone.
In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour
ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 83 Maintenance > Time Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 24
Log Setting
24.1 Overview
You can configure where the AMG1302-T11C sends logs and which logs and/or immediate alerts the
AMG1302-T11C records in the Log Setting screen.
24.2 The Log Setting Screen
To change your AMG1302-T11C’s log settings, click Maintenance > Log Setting. The screen
appears as shown.
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Figure 109 Maintenance > Log Setting
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Ta ble 84 Maintenance > Logs Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Syslog Settings
Syslog Logging The AMG1302-T11C sends a log to an external syslog server. Select the check box to enable
syslog logging.
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Mode Select the syslog destination from the drop-down list box.
If you select Loca l File, the log(s) will be saved in a local file. If you want to send the log(s)
to a remote syslog server and save it in a local file, select Local File and Remote.
Syslog Server
IP Address
Enter the server name or IP address of the syslog server that will log the selected categories
of logs.
Syslog Server
UDP Port
Enter the port number used by the syslog server.
E-mail Log Settings
SMTP
Authentication
Select this check box if it is necessary to provide a user name and password to the SMTP
server.
Mail Server Enter the server name or the IP address of the mail server for the e-mail addresses
specified below. If this field is left blank, logs and alert messages will not be sent via E-mail.
Mail Subject Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the system log e-mail message that
the AMG1302-T11C sends.
From Type the e-mail address from which the outgoing e-mail is delivered. This address is used in
replies.
To Type the e-mail address (or addresses) to which the outgoing e-mail is delivered. If this
field is left blank, the AMG1302-T11C does not send logs via E-mail.
User Name This box is effective when you select the SMTP Authentication check box. Type the user
name to provide to the SMTP server when the log is e-mailed.
Password This box is effective when you select the SMTP Authentication check box. Type the
password to provide to the SMTP server when the log is e-mailed.
Log Schedule Set the frequency of log messages being sent as E-mail:
•Daily
• Weekly
•Hourly
• When Log is Full
•None.
If you select Weekly or Daily, specify a time of day when the E-mail should be sent. If you
select Weekly, then also specify which day of the week the E-mail should be sent. If you
select When Log is Full, an alert is sent when the log fills up. If you select None, no log
messages are sent.
Day For
Sending Log
Select which day of the week to send the logs.
Time for
Sending Log
Enter the time of the day in 24-hour format (for example 23:00 equals 11:00 pm) to send
the logs.
Clear log after
sending mail
Select this to delete all the logs after the AMG1302-T11C sends an E-mail of the logs.
Email Alarm Log Settings
Send Alarm to Alerts are real-time notifications that are sent as soon as an event, such as a DoS attack,
system error, or forbidden web access attempt occurs. Enter the E-mail address where the
alert messages will be sent. Alerts include system errors, attacks and attempted access to
blocked web sites. If this field is left blank, alert messages will not be sent via E-mail.
Alarm Interval Specify how often the alarm should be updated.
Active Log and Select Level
Log Category Select the categories of logs that you want to record.
Log Level Select the severity level of logs that you want to record. If you want to record all logs, select
ALL.
Ta ble 84 Maintenance > Logs Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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24.2.1 Example E-mail Log
An "End of Log" message displays for each mail in which a complete log has been sent. The
following is an example of a log sent by e-mail.
• You may edit the subject title.
• The date format here is Day-Month-Year.
• The date format here is Month-Day-Year. The time format is Hour-Minute-Second.
•"End of Log" message shows that a complete log has been sent.
Figure 110 E-mail Log Example
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Ta ble 84 Maintenance > Logs Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Subject:
Firewall Alert From
Date:
Fri, 10 Apr 2015 10:05:42
From:
user@zyxel.com
To:
user@zyxel.com
1|Apr 10 15 |From:192.168.1.1 To:192.168.1.255 |default policy |forward
| 09:54:03 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,00> |
2|Apr 10 15 |From:192.168.1.131 To:192.168.1.255 |default policy |forward
| 09:54:17 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,00> |
3|Apr 10 15 |From:192.168.1.6 To:10.10.10.10 |match |forward
| 09:54:19 |UDP src port:03516 dest port:00053 |<1,01> |
……………………………..{snip}…………………………………..
……………………………..{snip}…………………………………..
126|Apr 10 15 |From:192.168.1.1 To:192.168.1.255 |match |forward
| 10:05:00 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,02> |
127|Apr 10 15 |From:192.168.1.131 To:192.168.1.255 |match |forward
| 10:05:17 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,02> |
128|Apr 10 15 |From:192.168.1.1 To:192.168.1.255 |match |forward
| 10:05:30 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,02> |
End of Firewall Log
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CHAPTER 25
Firmware Upgrade
25.1 Overview
This chapter explains how to upload new firmware to your AMG1302-T11C. You can download new
firmware releases from your nearest ZyXEL FTP site (or www.zyxel.com) to use to upgrade your
device’s performance.
Only use firmware for your device’s specific model. Refer to the label on
the bottom of your AMG1302-T11C.
25.2 The Firmware Screen
Click Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade to open the following screen. The upload process uses
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the
system will reboot.
Do NOT turn off the AMG1302-T11C while firmware upload is in progress!
Figure 111 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
After you see the firmware updating screen, wait two minutes before logging into the AMG1302-
T11C again.
Ta ble 85 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current Firmware
Version
This is the present Firmware version.
File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it.
Browse... Click this to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress
compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them.
Upload Click this to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.
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Figure 112 Firmware Uploading
The AMG1302-T11C automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In
some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.
Figure 113 Network Temporarily Disconnected
After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen.
If the upload was not successful, an error screen will appear. Click OK to go back to the Firmware
Upgrade screen.
Figure 114 Error Message
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CHAPTER 26
Backup/Restore and Reboot
26.1 Overview
The Backup/Restore screen allows you to backup and restore device configurations. You can also
reset your device settings back to the factory default. The Reboot screen allows you to reboot the
AMG1302-T11C remotely without turning the power off.
26.2 The Backup/Restore Screen
Click Maintenance > Backup/Restore. Information related to factory defaults, backup
configuration, and restoring configuration appears in this screen, as shown next.
Figure 115 Maintenance > Backup/Restore
Backup Configuration
Backup Configuration allows you to back up (save) the AMG1302-T11C’s current configuration to a
file on your computer. Once your AMG1302-T11C is configured and functioning properly, it is highly
recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The
backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings.
Click Backup to save the AMG1302-T11C’s current configuration to your computer.
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Restore Configuration
Restore Configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your
computer to your AMG1302-T11C.
Do not turn off the AMG1302-T11C while configuration file upload is in
progress.
After the AMG1302-T11C configuration has been restored successfully, the login screen appears.
Login again to restart the AMG1302-T11C.
The AMG1302-T11C automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In
some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.
Figure 116 Network Temporarily Disconnected
If you restore the default configuration, you may need to change the IP address of your computer
to be in the same subnet as that of the default device IP address (192.168.1.1). See Appendix B on
page 231 for details on how to set up your computer’s IP address.
If the upload was not successful, an error screen will appear. Click OK to go back to the
Configuration screen.
Reset to Factory Defaults
Click the Reset button to clear all user-entered configuration information and return the AMG1302-
T11C to its factory defaults. The following warning screen appears.
Figure 117 Reset Warning Message
Wait until the AMG1302-T11C’s login screen appears. You can also press the RESET button on the
rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your AMG1302-T11C. Refer to Section 1.7 on page 16 for
more information on the RESET button.
Ta ble 86 Restore Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it.
Browse... Click this to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress
compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them.
Upload Click this to begin the upload process.
Reset Click this to reset your device settings back to the factory default.
Chapter 26 Backup/Restore and Reboot
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26.3 The Reboot Screen
System restart allows you to reboot the AMG1302-T11C remotely without turning the power off.
You may need to do this if the AMG1302-T11C hangs, for example.
Click Maintenance > Reboot. Click the Reboot button to have the AMG1302-T11C reboot. This
does not affect the AMG1302-T11C's configuration.
Figure 118 Maintenance > Reboot
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CHAPTER 27
Remote Management
27.1 Overview
Remote management allows you to determine which services/protocols can access which
AMG1302-T11C interface (if any) from which computers.
The following figure shows remote management of the AMG1302-T11C coming in from the WAN.
Figure 119 Remote Management From the WAN
Note: When you configure remote management to allow management from the WAN, you
still need to configure a IP filter rule to allow access.
You may manage your AMG1302-T11C from a remote location via:
• Internet (WAN only)
•LAN only
•LAN and WAN
• None (Disable)
To disable remote management of a service, select Disable in the corresponding Service Access
field.
27.1.1 What You Can Do in the Remote Management Screens
•Use the Remote MGMT screen (Section 27.2 on page 211) to configure through which
interface(s), which services can access the AMG1302-T11C.
• Your AMG1302-T11C can act as an SNMP agent, which allows a manager station to manage and
monitor the AMG1302-T11C through the network. Use the SNMP screen (Section 27.3 on page
212) to change your SNMP settings.
LAN WAN
HTTP
Telnet
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•Use the Trust Domain screen (Section 27.4 on page 214) to view and configure a list of public
IP addresses which are allowed to access the AMG1302-T11C through the services configured in
the Remote MGMT screen.
27.1.2 What You Need to Know About Remote Management
Remote Management Limitations
Remote management does not work when:
• You have not enabled that service on the interface in the corresponding remote management
screen.
• You have disabled that service in one of the remote management screens.
• The IP address in the Trust Domain screen does not match the client IP address. If it does not
match, the AMG1302-T11C will disconnect the session immediately.
• There is a firewall rule that blocks it.
Remote Management and NAT
When NAT is enabled:
• Use the AMG1302-T11C’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN.
• Use the AMG1302-T11C’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN.
27.2 The Remote MGMT Screen
Use this screen to configure through which interface(s), which services can access the AMG1302-
T11C. You can also specify the port numbers the services must use to connect to the AMG1302-
T11C. Click Maintenance > Remote MGMT to open the following screen.
Figure 120 Maintenance > Remote MGMT
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
27.3 The SNMP Screen
Simple Network Management Protocol is a protocol used for exchanging management information
between network devices. Your AMG1302-T11C supports SNMP agent functionality, which allows a
manager station to manage and monitor the AMG1302-T11C through the network. The AMG1302-
T11C supports SNMP version one (SNMPv1), version two (SNMPv2c), and version three (SNMPv3).
The next figure illustrates an SNMP management operation.
Figure 121 SNMP Management Model
Ta ble 87 Maintenance > Remote MGMT
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WAN Interface
used by
services
Select Any_WAN to have the AMG1302-T11C automatically activate the remote
management service when any WAN connection is up.
Select Multi_WAN and then select one or more WAN connections to have the AMG1302-
T11C activate the remote management service when the selected WAN connections are up.
Services This is the service you may use to access the AMG1302-T11C.
LAN/WLAN Select the Enable check box for the corresponding services that you want to allow access to
the AMG1302-T11C from the LAN/WLAN.
WAN Select the Enable check box for the corresponding services that you want to allow access to
the AMG1302-T11C from all WAN connections.
WAN Trust
Domain
If you only want certain WAN connections to have access to to the AMG1302-T11C using the
corresponding services, then clear the Enable check box in the WAN column, select the
Enable check box in the WAN Trust Domain column and configure the allowed IP
address(es) in the Trust Domain screen.
Port You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the
same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the AMG1302-T11C.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
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An SNMP managed network consists of two main types of component: agents and a manager.
An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the AMG1302-
T11C). An agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form
compatible with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network administrators perform
network management functions. It executes applications that control and monitor managed
devices.
The managed devices contain object variables/managed objects that define each piece of
information to be collected about a device. Examples of variables include such as number of
packets received, node port status etc. A Management Information Base (MIB) is a collection of
managed objects. SNMP allows a manager and agents to communicate for the purpose of accessing
these objects.
27.3.1 Configuring SNMP
To change your AMG1302-T11C’s SNMP settings, click Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > SNMP.
The screen appears as shown.
Figure 122 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > SNMP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 88 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > SNMP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SNMP Setup
SNMPv3 Select Enable to allow SNMP managers using SNMPv3 to access the AMG1302-T11C.
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27.4 The Trust Domain Screen
Use this screen to view a list of public IP addresses which are allowed to access the AMG1302-T11C
through the services configured in the Maintenance > Remote MGMT screen. Click Maintenance
> Remote MGMT > Turst Domain to open the following screen.
Note: If this list is empty, all public IP addresses can access the AMG1302-T11C from the
WAN through the specified services.
Get Community Enter the Get Community, which is the password for the incoming Get and GetNext
requests from the management station. The default is public and allows all requests.
Set Community Enter the Set community, which is the password for incoming Set requests from the
management station. The default is public and allows all requests.
System Name Enter the SNMP system name.
System Location Enter the SNMP system location.
System Contact Enter the SNMP system contact.
Trap Community Enter the Trap Community, which is the password sent with each trap to the SNMP
manager. The default is public and allows all requests.
IPv4 Trap
Destination
Type the IPv4 address of the station to send your SNMP traps to.
IPv6 Trap
Destination
Type the IPv6 address of the station to send your SNMP traps to.
SNMPv3 Setup
This section is available only when you enable SNMPv3 on the AMG1302-T11C.
User Name Enter the username to be sent to the SNMP manager along with the SNMP v3 trap.
Access
Permissions
Select RW to allow SNMP managers to have read and write rights, meaning that the user
can create and edit the settings on the AMG1302-T11C.
Select RO to allow SNMP managers to have read rights only, meaning the user can collect
information from the AMG1302-T11C.
Auth Protocol Select the authentication algorithm used for SNMP communication with this user.
MD5 (Message Digest 5) and SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) are hash algorithms used to
authenticate SNMP data. SHA authentication is generally considered stronger than MD5,
but is slower.
Auth Passwd Enter the password of up to 32 ASCII characters for SNMP user authentication.
Privacy Protocol Specify the encryption method for SNMP communication from this user. You can choose
one of the following:
•DES - Data Encryption Standard is a widely used (but breakable) method of data
encryption. It applies a 56-bit key to each 64-bit block of data.
•AES - Advanced Encryption Standard is another method for data encryption that also
uses a secret key. AES applies a 128-bit key to 128-bit blocks of data.
Privacy Passwd Enter the password of up to 32 ASCII characters for encrypting SNMP packets.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the AMG1302-T11C.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Ta ble 88 Maintenance > RemoteMGMT > SNMP (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 123 Maintenance > Remote MGMT > Trust Domain
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
27.4.1 The Add Trust Domain Screen
Use this screen to configure a public IP address which is allowed to access the AMG1302-T11C from
the WAN. Click the Add Trust Domain button in the Maintenance > Remote MGMT > Turst
Domain screen to open the following screen.
Figure 124 Maintenance > Remote MGMT > Trust Domain > Add Trust Domain (IPv4)
Ta ble 89 Maintenance > Remote MGMT > Trust Domain
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Trust
Domain
Click this to add a trusted host IP address.
# This is the index number of the trusted host IP address.
IP Address This field shows a trusted host IP address.
Delete Click the Delete icon to remove the trust IP address.
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Figure 125 Maintenance > Remote MGMT > Trust Domain > Add Trust Domain (IPv6)
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Ta ble 90 Maintenance > Remote MGMT > Trust Domain > Add Trust Domain
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Version Type Select the IP version, IPv4 or IPv6, to apply this rule to.
Address Type Do you want to allow a particular (single) IP, a range of IP addresses (for instance,
192.168.1.10 to 192.169.1.50), or a subnet to access the AMG1302-T11C? Select an option
from the drop-down list box that includes: Single Address, Range Address, and Subnet
Address.
Start IP
Address
Specify the public IP address(es) which is allowed to access the service on the AMG1302-
T11C from the WAN.
Enter the single IP address or the starting IP address in a range here.
End IP Address Enter the ending IP address in a range here.
Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask here if you sent IP Version Type to IPv4.
Prefix Length Enter the prefix length for the IPv6 address.
An IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (starting from the left) in the
address compose the network address. This indicates the bit number of the IPv6 subnet
mask.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the AMG1302-T11C.
Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous screen without saving.
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CHAPTER 28
Diagnostic
28.1 Overview
These read-only screens display information to help you identify problems with the AMG1302-T11C.
28.1.1 What You Can Do in the Diagnostic Screens
•Use the Ping screen (Section 28.2 on page 217) to ping an IP address.
•Use the DSL Line screen (Section 28.3 on page 218) to view the DSL line statistics and reset the
ADSL line.
28.2 The General Screen
Use this screen to ping an IP address. Click Maintenance > Diagnostic > Ping to open the screen
shown next.
Figure 126 Maintenance > Diagnostic > Ping
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Ta ble 91 Maintenance > Diagnostic > Ping
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Type the IP address of a computer that you want to ping in order to test a connection.
Ping Click this to ping the IPv4 address that you entered.
PingV6 Click this to ping the IPv6 address that you entered.
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28.3 The DSL Line Screen
Use this screen to view the DSL line statistics and reset the ADSL line. Click Maintenance >
Diagnostic > DSL Line to open the screen shown next.
Figure 127 Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL Line
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
TracerouteV6 Click this to display the route path and transmission delays between the AMG1302-T11C to
the IPv6 address that you entered.
TracerouteV4 Click this to display the route path and transmission delays between the AMG1302-T11C to
the IPv4 address that you entered.
Ta ble 91 Maintenance > Diagnostic > Ping (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 92 Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL Line
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ATM Status Click this to view your DSL connection’s Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) statistics.
ATM is a networking technology that provides high-speed data transfer. ATM uses fixed-
size packets of information called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of Service) can be
guaranteed.
The (Segmentation and Reassembly) SAR driver translates packets into ATM cells. It also
receives ATM cells and reassembles them into packets.
These counters are set back to zero whenever the device starts up.
inPkts is the number of good ATM cells that have been received.
inDiscards is the number of received ATM cells that were rejected.
inF4Pkts is the number of ATM Operations, Administration, and Management (OAM) F4
cells that have been received. See ITU recommendation I.610 for more on OAM for ATM.
inF5Pkts is the number of ATM OAM F5 cells that have been received.
outPkts is the number of ATM cells that have been sent.
outDiscards is the number of ATM cells sent that were rejected.
outF4Pkts is the number of ATM OAM F4 cells that have been sent.
outF5Pkts is the number of ATM OAM F5 cells that have been sent.
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ATM Loopback
Test
Click this to start the ATM loopback test. Make sure you have configured at least one PVC
with proper VPIs/VCIs before you begin this test. The AMG1302-T11C sends an OAM F5
packet to the DSLAM/ATM switch and then returns it (loops it back) to the AMG1302-
T11C. The ATM loopback test is useful for troubleshooting problems with the DSLAM and
ATM network.
DSL Line Status Click this to view statistics about the DSL connections.
noise margin downstream is the signal to noise ratio for the downstream part of the
connection (coming into the AMG1302-T11C from the ISP). It is measured in decibels. The
higher the number the more signal and less noise there is.
output power upstream is the amount of power (in decibels) that the AMG1302-T11C is
using to transmit to the ISP.
attenuation downstream is the reduction in amplitude (in decibels) of the DSL signal
coming into the AMG1302-T11C from the ISP.
Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) modulation divides up a line’s bandwidth into sub-carriers
(sub-channels) of 4.3125 KHz each called tones. The rest of the display is the line’s bit
allocation. This is displayed as the number (in hexadecimal format) of bits transmitted for
each tone. This can be used to determine the quality of the connection, whether a given
sub-carrier loop has sufficient margins to support certain ADSL transmission rates, and
possibly to determine whether particular specific types of interference or line attenuation
exist. Refer to the ITU-T G.992.1 recommendation for more information on DMT.
The better (or shorter) the line, the higher the number of bits transmitted for a DMT tone.
The maximum number of bits that can be transmitted per DMT tone is 15. There will be
some tones without any bits as there has to be space between the upstream and
downstream channels.
Reset ADSL Line Click this to reinitialize the ADSL line. The large text box above then displays the progress
and results of this operation, for example:
"Start to reset ADSL
Loading ADSL modem F/W...
Reset ADSL Line Successfully!"
Ta ble 92 Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL Line (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 29
Troubleshooting
This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential
problems are divided into the following categories.
•Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
•AMG1302-T11C Access and Login
•Internet Access
29.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
The AMG1302-T11C does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.
1Make sure the AMG1302-T11C is turned on.
2Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the AMG1302-T11C.
3Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the AMG1302-T11C and plugged in to an
appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.
4Turn the AMG1302-T11C off and on.
5If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.
1Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. Section 1.5 on page 15
2Check the hardware connections.
3Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WPS LED Green: successful connection
Off: connection failure
WLAN LED Green: Wi-Fi active
Off: Wi-Fi inactive
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4Turn the AMG1302-T11C off and on.
5If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
29.2 AMG1302-T11C Access and Login
I forgot the IP address for the AMG1302-T11C.
1The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.
2If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the AMG1302-
T11C by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most
Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the
Default Gateway might be the IP address of the AMG1302-T11C (it depends on the network), so
enter this IP address in your Internet browser.
3If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 1.7 on page
16.
I forgot the password.
1The default admin user name and password can be found on the cover of this User’s Guide.
2If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 1.7 on page
16.
I cannot see or access the Login screen for the web configurator.
1Make sure you are using the correct IP address.
• The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.
• If you changed the IP address (Section 8.2 on page 120), use the new IP address.
• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I
forgot the IP address for the AMG1302-T11C.
2Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide.
3Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts and Java
enabled. See Appendix D on page 259.
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4Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the AMG1302-T11C with the default IP
address. See Section 1.7 on page 16.
5If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• Try to access the AMG1302-T11C using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access the
AMG1302-T11C, check the remote management settings and firewall rules to find out why the
AMG1302-T11C does not respond to HTTP.
• If your computer is connected to the DSL port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is
connected to a ETHERNET port.
I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the AMG1302-T11C.
1Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default user and default admin password
can be found on the cover page of this User’s Guide. The field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps
Lock] is not on.
2You cannot log in to the web configurator while someone is using Telnet to access the AMG1302-
T11C. Log out of the AMG1302-T11C in the other session, or ask the person who is logged in to log
out.
3Turn the AMG1302-T11C off and on.
4If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 1.7 on page
16.
I cannot Telnet to the AMG1302-T11C.
See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen for the web
configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser.
I cannot use FTP to upload / download the configuration file. / I cannot use FTP to upload
new firmware.
See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen for the web
configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser.
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29.3 Internet Access
I cannot access the Internet.
1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide and Section 27.1 on page 225.
2Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are case-
sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
3If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless
client are the same as the settings in the AP.
4If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure you enabled the wireless LAN and
have selected the correct channel in which your AMG1302-T11C operates in the Wireless >
General screen.
5Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again.
6If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the AMG1302-
T11C), but my Internet connection is not available anymore.
1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide and Section 27.1 on page 225.
2Turn the AMG1302-T11C off and on.
3If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.
1There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 27.1 on page
225. If the AMG1302-T11C is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs
that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications.
2Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving your computer closer to the
AMG1302-T11C if possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering
with the wireless network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on).
3Turn the AMG1302-T11C off and on.
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4If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you
might consider raising or lowering the priority for some applications.
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
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APPENDIX A
Customer Support
In the event of problems that cannot be solved by using this manual, you should contact your
vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a ZyXEL office for the region in which you
bought the device.
See http://www.zyxel.com/homepage.shtml and also
http://www.zyxel.com/about_zyxel/zyxel_worldwide.shtml for the latest information.
Please have the following information ready when you contact an office.
Required Information
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide)
Taiwan
• ZyXEL Communications Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com
Asia
China
• ZyXEL Communications (Shanghai) Corp.
ZyXEL Communications (Beijing) Corp.
ZyXEL Communications (Tianjin) Corp.
• http://www.zyxel.cn
India
• ZyXEL Technology India Pvt Ltd
• http://www.zyxel.in
Kazakhstan
•ZyXEL Kazakhstan
• http://www.zyxel.kz
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Korea
• ZyXEL Korea Corp.
• http://www.zyxel.kr
Malaysia
• ZyXEL Malaysia Sdn Bhd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.my
Pakistan
• ZyXEL Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.pk
Philippines
• ZyXEL Philippines
• http://www.zyxel.com.ph
Singapore
• ZyXEL Singapore Pte Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.sg
Taiwan
• ZyXEL Communications Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/tw/zh/
Thailand
• ZyXEL Thailand Co., Ltd
• http://www.zyxel.co.th
Vietnam
• ZyXEL Communications Corporation-Vietnam Office
• http://www.zyxel.com/vn/vi
Europe
Austria
• ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH
• http://www.zyxel.de
Belarus
•ZyXEL BY
• http://www.zyxel.by
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Belgium
• ZyXEL Communications B.V.
• http://www.zyxel.com/be/nl/
• http://www.zyxel.com/be/fr/
Bulgaria
•ZyXEL България
• http://www.zyxel.com/bg/bg/
Czech Republic
• ZyXEL Communications Czech s.r.o
• http://www.zyxel.cz
Denmark
• ZyXEL Communications A/S
• http://www.zyxel.dk
Estonia
•ZyXEL Estonia
• http://www.zyxel.com/ee/et/
Finland
• ZyXEL Communications
• http://www.zyxel.fi
France
•ZyXEL France
• http://www.zyxel.fr
Germany
• ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH
• http://www.zyxel.de
Hungary
• ZyXEL Hungary & SEE
• http://www.zyxel.hu
Italy
• ZyXEL Communications Italy
• http://www.zyxel.it/
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Latvia
•ZyXEL Latvia
• http://www.zyxel.com/lv/lv/homepage.shtml
Lithuania
• ZyXEL Lithuania
• http://www.zyxel.com/lt/lt/homepage.shtml
Netherlands
•ZyXEL Benelux
• http://www.zyxel.nl
Norway
• ZyXEL Communications
• http://www.zyxel.no
Poland
• ZyXEL Communications Poland
• http://www.zyxel.pl
Romania
•ZyXEL Romania
• http://www.zyxel.com/ro/ro
Russia
• ZyXEL Russia
• http://www.zyxel.ru
Slovakia
• ZyXEL Communications Czech s.r.o. organizacna zlozka
• http://www.zyxel.sk
Spain
• ZyXEL Communications ES Ltd
• http://www.zyxel.es
Sweden
• ZyXEL Communications
• http://www.zyxel.se
Switzerland
•Studerus AG
Appendix A Customer Support
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• http://www.zyxel.ch/
Turkey
•ZyXEL Turkey A.S.
• http://www.zyxel.com.tr
UK
• ZyXEL Communications UK Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.co.uk
Ukraine
•ZyXEL Ukraine
• http://www.ua.zyxel.com
Latin America
Argentina
• ZyXEL Communication Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/ec/es/
Brazil
• ZyXEL Communications Brasil Ltda.
• https://www.zyxel.com/br/pt/
Ecuador
• ZyXEL Communication Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/ec/es/
Middle East
Israel
• ZyXEL Communication Corporation
• http://il.zyxel.com/homepage.shtml
Middle East
• ZyXEL Communication Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/me/en/
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North America
USA
• ZyXEL Communications, Inc. - North America Headquarters
• http://www.zyxel.com/us/en/
Oceania
Australia
• ZyXEL Communications Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/au/en/
Africa
South Africa
• Nology (Pty) Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.co.za
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APPENDIX B
Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
All computers must have a 10M or 100M Ethernet adapter and TCP/IP installed.
Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP/Vista, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems and all versions
of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to install and use TCP/IP on your
computer. Windows 3.1 requires the purchase of a third-party TCP/IP application package.
TCP/IP should already be installed on computers using Windows NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and
later operating systems.
After the appropriate TCP/IP components are installed, configure the TCP/IP settings in order to
"communicate" with your network.
If you manually assign IP information instead of using dynamic assignment, make sure that your
computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet as the AMG1302-T11C’s LAN
port.
Windows 95/98/Me
Click Start, Settings, Control Panel and double-click the Network icon to open the Network
window.
Figure 128 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: Configuration
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Installing Components
The Network window Configuration tab displays a list of installed components. You need a
network adapter, the TCP/IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks.
If you need the adapter:
1In the Network window, click Add.
2Select Adapter and then click Add.
3Select the manufacturer and model of your network adapter and then click OK.
If you need TCP/IP:
1In the Network window, click Add.
2Select Protocol and then click Add.
3Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.
4Select TCP/IP from the list of network protocols and then click OK.
If you need Client for Microsoft Networks:
1Click Add.
2Select Client and then click Add.
3Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.
4Select Client for Microsoft Networks from the list of network clients and then click OK.
5Restart your computer so the changes you made take effect.
Configuring
1In the Network window Configuration tab, select your network adapter's TCP/IP entry and click
Properties
2Click the IP Address tab.
• If your IP address is dynamic, select Obtain an IP address automatically.
• If you have a static IP address, select Specify an IP address and type your information into
the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields.
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Figure 129 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address
3Click the DNS Configuration tab.
• If you do not know your DNS information, select Disable DNS.
• If you know your DNS information, select Enable DNS and type the information in the fields
below (you may not need to fill them all in).
Figure 130 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration
4Click the Gateway tab.
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• If you do not know your gateway’s IP address, remove previously installed gateways.
• If you have a gateway IP address, type it in the New gateway field and click Add.
5Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP Propert ies window.
6Click OK to close the Network window. Insert the Windows CD if prompted.
7Turn on your AMG1302-T11C and restart your computer when prompted.
Verifying Settings
1Click Start and then Run.
2In the Run window, type "winipcfg" and then click OK to open the IP Configuration window.
3Select your network adapter. You should see your computer's IP address, subnet mask and default
gateway.
Windows 2000/NT/XP
The following example figures use the default Windows XP GUI theme.
1Click start (Start in Windows 2000/NT), Settings, Control Panel.
Figure 131 Windows XP: Start Menu
2In the Control Panel, double-click Network Connections (Network and Dial-up Connections
in Windows 2000/NT).
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Figure 132 Windows XP: Control Panel
3Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.
Figure 133 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties
4Select I nternet Protocol (TCP/IP) (under the General tab in Win XP) and then click Properties.
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Figure 134 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties
5The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens (the General tab in Windows XP).
• If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically.
• If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address,
Subnet mask, and Default gat eway fields.
• Click Advanced.
Figure 135 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties
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6 If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP
Settings tab and click OK.
Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses:
•In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add.
•In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask,
and then click Add.
• Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add.
• Configure additional default gateways in the IP Settings tab by clicking Add in Default
gateways.
•In TCP/IP Gateway Address, type the IP address of the default gateway in Gateway. To
manually configure a default metric (the number of transmission hops), clear the Automatic
metric check box and type a metric in Metric.
• Click Add.
• Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add.
• Click OK when finished.
Figure 136 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Properties
7In the Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window (the General tab in Windows XP):
• Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP
address(es).
• If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server
addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields.
If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order
them.
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Figure 137 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties
8Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
9Click Close (OK in Windows 2000/NT) to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
10 Close the Network Connections window (Network and Dial-up Connections in Windows
2000/NT).
11 Turn on your AMG1302-T11C and restart your computer (if prompted).
Verifying Settings
1Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt.
2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also open
Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support
tab.
Windows Vista
This section shows screens from Windows Vista Enterprise Version 6.0.
1Click the Start icon, Control Panel.
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Figure 138 Windows Vista: Start Menu
2In the Control Panel, double-click Network and Internet.
Figure 139 Windows Vista: Control Panel
3Click Network and Sharing Center.
Figure 140 Windows Vista: Network And Internet
4Click Manage network connections.
Figure 141 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center
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5Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.
Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying
that it needs your permission to continue.
Figure 142 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center
6Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click Properties.
Figure 143 Windows Vista: Local Area Connection Properties
7The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens (the General tab).
• If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically.
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• If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP address and fill in the IP address,
Subnet mask, and Default gat eway fields.
• Click Advanced.
Figure 144 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties
8 If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP
Settings tab and click OK.
Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses:
•In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add.
•In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask,
and then click Add.
• Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add.
• Configure additional default gateways in the IP Settings tab by clicking Add in Default
gateways.
•In TCP/IP Gateway Address, type the IP address of the default gateway in Gateway. To
manually configure a default metric (the number of transmission hops), clear the Automatic
metric check box and type a metric in Metric.
• Click Add.
• Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add.
• Click OK when finished.
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Figure 145 Windows Vista: Advanced TCP/IP Properties
9In the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window, (the General tab):
• Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP
address(es).
• If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server
addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields.
If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order
them.
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Figure 146 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties
10 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window.
11 Click Close to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
12 Close the Network Connections window.
13 Turn on your AMG1302-T11C and restart your computer (if prompted).
Verifying Settings
1Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt.
2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also open
Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support
tab.
Macintosh OS 8/9
1Click the Apple menu, Control Panel and double-click TCP/IP to open the TCP/IP Control
Panel.
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Figure 147 Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu
2Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list.
Figure 148 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP
3For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP Server from the Configure: list.
4For statically assigned settings, do the following:
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•From the Configure box, select Manually.
• Type your IP address in the IP Address box.
• Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.
• Type the IP address of your AMG1302-T11C in the Router address box.
5Close the TCP/IP Control Panel.
6Click Save if prompted, to save changes to your configuration.
7Turn on your AMG1302-T11C and restart your computer (if prompted).
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties in the TCP/IP Control Panel window.
Macintosh OS X
1Click the Apple menu, and click System Preferences to open the System Preferences window.
Figure 149 Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu
2Click Network in the icon bar.
•Select Automatic from the Location list.
•Select Built-in Ethernet from the Show list.
• Click the TCP/IP tab.
3For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure list.
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Figure 150 Macintosh OS X: Network
4For statically assigned settings, do the following:
•From the Configure box, select Manually.
• Type your IP address in the IP Address box.
• Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.
• Type the IP address of your AMG1302-T11C in the Router address box.
5Click Apply Now and close the window.
6Turn on your AMG1302-T11C and restart your computer (if prompted).
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties in the Network window.
Linux
This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in Red Hat Linux 9.0.
Procedure, screens and file location may vary depending on your Linux distribution and release
version.
Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.
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Using the K Desktop Environment (KDE)
Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address using the KDE.
1Click the Red Hat button (located on the bottom left corner), select System Setting and click
Network.
Figure 151 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Devices
2Double-click on the profile of the network card you wish to configure. The Ethernet Device
General screen displays as shown.
Figure 152 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Ethernet Device: General
• If you have a dynamic IP address, click Auto matically obtain IP ad dress settings with and
select dhcp from the drop down list.
• If you have a static IP address, click Statically set IP Addresses and fill in the Address,
Subnet mask, and Default G ateway Address fields.
3Click OK to save the changes and close the Ethernet Device General screen.
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4If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Configuration
screen. Enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.
Figure 153 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: DNS
5Click the Devices tab.
6Click the Activate button to apply the changes. The following screen displays. Click Yes to save
the changes in all screens.
Figure 154 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Activate
7After the network card restart process is complete, make sure the Status is Active in the Network
Configuration screen.
Using Configuration Files
Follow the steps below to edit the network configuration files and set your computer IP address.
1Assuming that you have only one network card on the computer, locate the ifconfig-eth0
configuration file (where eth0 is the name of the Ethernet card). Open the configuration file with
any plain text editor.
• If you have a dynamic IP address, enter dhcp in the BOOTPROTO= field. The following figure
shows an example.
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Figure 155 Red Hat 9.0: Dynamic IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0
• If you have a static IP address, enter static in the BOOTPROTO= field. Type IPADDR= followed
by the IP address (in dotted decimal notation) and type NETMASK= followed by the subnet
mask. The following example shows an example where the static IP address is 192.168.1.10
and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
Figure 156 Red Hat 9.0: Static IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0
2If you know your DNS server IP address(es), enter the DNS server information in the resolv.conf
file in the /etc directory. The following figure shows an example where two DNS server IP
addresses are specified.
Figure 157 Red Hat 9.0: DNS Settings in resolv.conf
3After you edit and save the configuration files, you must restart the network card. Enter ./network
restart in the /etc/rc.d/init.d directory. The following figure shows an example.
Figure 158 Red Hat 9.0: Restart Ethernet Card
Verifying Settings
Enter ifconfig in a terminal screen to check your TCP/IP properties.
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
USERCTL=no
PEERDNS=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.1.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
USERCTL=no
PEERDNS=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
nameserver 172.23.5.1
nameserver 172.23.5.2
[root@localhost init.d]# network restart
Shutting down interface eth0: [OK]
Shutting down loopback interface: [OK]
Setting network parameters: [OK]
Bringing up loopback interface: [OK]
Bringing up interface eth0: [OK]
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Figure 159 Red Hat 9.0: Checking TCP/IP Properties
[root@localhost]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:BA:72:5B:44
inet addr:172.23.19.129 Bcast:172.23.19.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:717 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:13 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:730412 (713.2 Kb) TX bytes:1570 (1.5 Kb)
Interrupt:10 Base address:0x1000
[root@localhost]#
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APPENDIX C
IP Addresses and Subnetting
This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks.
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including
computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the
network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use
subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Introduction to IP Addresses
One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same
way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common
network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has
its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets
to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are
delivered.
Structure
An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example,
192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary
number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation).
Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in
decimal.
The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are
the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.
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Figure 160 Network Number and Host ID
How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according
to the subnet mask.
Subnet Masks
A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are
part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “sub-network”.
A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP
address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit
in the IP address is part of the host ID.
The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host
ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).
By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the
leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.
Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value).
For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24
bits are zeroes.
Ta ble 93 Subnet Masks
1ST OCTET:
(192)
2ND
OCTET:
(168)
3RD
OCTET:
(1)
4TH OCTET
(2)
IP Address (Binary) 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000010
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Network Number 11000000 10101000 00000001
Host ID 00000010
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Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following
examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks.
Network Size
The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have
on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of
remaining host ID bits.
An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit
subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that
network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).
As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of
possible hosts in a network as follows:
Notation
Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a
continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the
number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/”
followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address.
For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128.
The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations.
Ta ble 94 Subnet Masks
BINARY
DECIMAL
1ST
OCTET 2ND
OCTET 3RD
OCTET 4TH OCTET
8-bit mask 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.0
16-bit mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.0
24-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.0
29-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000 255.255.255.248
Ta ble 95 Maximum Host Numbers
SUBNET MASK HOST ID SIZE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS
8 bits 255.0.0.0 24 bits 224 – 2 16777214
16 bits 255.255.0.0 16 bits 216 – 2 65534
24 bits 255.255.255.0 8 bits 28 – 2 254
29 bits 255.255.255.24
8
3 bits 23 – 2 6
Ta ble 96 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation
SUBNET MASK ALTERNATIVE
NOTATION LAST OCTET
(BINARY) LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL)
255.255.255.0 /24 0000 0000 0
255.255.255.128 /25 1000 0000 128
255.255.255.192 /26 1100 0000 192
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Subnetting
You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example
a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the
company network for security reasons.
In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address
(192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum
of 28 – 2 or 254 possible hosts.
The following figure shows the company network before subnetting.
Figure 161 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting
You can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-
networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25).
The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25
and 192.168.1.128 /25.
The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-
networks, A and B.
255.255.255.224 /27 1110 0000 224
255.255.255.240 /28 1111 0000 240
255.255.255.248 /29 1111 1000 248
255.255.255.252 /30 1111 1100 252
Ta ble 96 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation (continued)
SUBNET MASK ALTERNATIVE
NOTATION LAST OCTET
(BINARY) LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL)
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Figure 162 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting
In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126
possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s
broadcast address).
192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask
255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to
an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126.
Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.
Example: Four Subnets
The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two
subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID
bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192.
Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all
zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).
Ta ble 97 Subnet 1
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address (Decimal) 192.168.1. 0
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.0
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.63
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62
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Example: Eight Subnets
Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111).
The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.
Ta ble 98 Subnet 2
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address 192.168.1. 64
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.64
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.127
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126
Ta ble 99 Subnet 3
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE
IP Address 192.168.1. 128
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.128
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.191
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190
Table 100 Subnet 4
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE
IP Address 192.168.1. 192
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.192
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.255
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254
Table 101 Eight Subnets
SUBNET SUBNET
ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST
ADDRESS BROADCAST
ADDRESS
1 0 1 30 31
232 33 62 63
364 65 94 95
496 97 126 127
5128 129 158 159
6160 161 190 191
7192 193 222 223
8224 225 254 255
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Subnet Planning
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number.
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number.
Configuring IP Addresses
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your
network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in
selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user
account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this
is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to
192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses
specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You
must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the AMG1302-T11C.
Table 102 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
1255.255.255.128 (/25) 2126
2255.255.255.192 (/26) 462
3255.255.255.224 (/27) 830
4255.255.255.240 (/28) 16 14
5255.255.255.248 (/29) 32 6
6255.255.255.252 (/30) 64 2
7255.255.255.254 (/31) 128 1
Table 103 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
1255.255.128.0 (/17) 232766
2255.255.192.0 (/18) 416382
3255.255.224.0 (/19) 88190
4255.255.240.0 (/20) 16 4094
5255.255.248.0 (/21) 32 2046
6255.255.252.0 (/22) 64 1022
7255.255.254.0 (/23) 128 510
8255.255.255.0 (/24) 256 254
9255.255.255.128 (/25) 512 126
10 255.255.255.192 (/26) 1024 62
11 255.255.255.224 (/27) 2048 30
12 255.255.255.240 (/28) 4096 14
13 255.255.255.248 (/29) 8192 6
14 255.255.255.252 (/30) 16384 2
15 255.255.255.254 (/31) 32768 1
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting
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Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your AMG1302-T11C that is
easy to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network
is using that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your AMG1302-T11C will
compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need
to change the subnet mask computed by the AMG1302-T11C unless you are instructed to do
otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the
Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to
the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has
reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private
network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP
can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are
part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the
appropriate IP addresses.
Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the
guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address
Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
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APPENDIX D
Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java
Permissions
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.
• JavaScripts (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Note: Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer
versions may vary.
Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers
You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device.
Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow
pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP address.
Disable Pop-up Blockers
1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker.
Figure 163 Pop-up Blocker
You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab.
1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy.
2Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any
web pop-up blockers you may have enabled.
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Figure 164 Internet Options: Privacy
3Click Apply to save this setting.
Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions
Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.
1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab.
2Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.
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Figure 165 Internet Options: Privacy
3Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the
prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1.
4Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.
Figure 166 Pop-up Blocker Settings
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5Click Close to return to the Privacy screen.
6Click Apply to save this setting.
JavaScripts
If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts
are allowed.
1In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
Figure 167 Internet Options: Security
2Click the Custom Level... button.
3Scroll down to Scripting.
4Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
5Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
6Click OK to close the window.
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Figure 168 Security Settings - Java Scripting
Java Permissions
1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
2Click the Custom Level... button.
3Scroll down to Microsoft VM.
4Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.
5Click OK to close the window.
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Figure 169 Security Settings - Java
JAVA (Sun)
1From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab.
2Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected.
3Click OK to close the window.
Figure 170 Java (Sun)
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Mozilla Firefox
Mozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary.
You can enable Java, Javascripts and pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in the
screen that appears.
Figure 171 Mozilla Firefox: Tools > Options
Click Content to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.
Figure 172 Mozilla Firefox Content Security
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APPENDIX E
Wireless LANs
Wireless LAN Topologies
This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.
Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration
The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of
computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within
range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an
ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example
of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an ad-hoc wireless LAN.
Figure 173 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network
BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a
wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless
client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is
disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with
each other.
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Figure 174 Basic Service Set
ESS
An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access
point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection
between APs is called a Distribution System (DS).
This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only
provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the
immediate neighborhood.
An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated
wireless clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate.
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Figure 175 Infrastructure WLAN
Channel
A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data.
Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your
region) so you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce
interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing
interference and degrading performance.
Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should
be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For
example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to
select a channel between 6 or 11.
RTS/CTS
A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not
within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are
within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they
cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore,
they are considered hidden from each other.
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Figure 176 RTS/CTS
When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the
channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of
data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.
RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest
size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is
invoked.
When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station
that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for
permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other
stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms
with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission.
Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS
(Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.
You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and
the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS
(Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.
If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the
RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be
fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.
Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could
negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.
Fragmentation Threshold
A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes)
that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data
frames.
A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while
you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference.
If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you
set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames
will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.
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Preamble Type
Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of
the synchronization field in a packet.
Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending
data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short
preamble.
Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network
support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks.
Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide
more efficient communications.
Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the
network support it, otherwise the AMG1302-T11C uses long preamble.
Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.
IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN
IEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b
adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or
lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has several intermediate rate steps between the
maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:
Wireless Security Overview
Wireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless
clients, access points and the wired network.
Wireless security methods available on the AMG1302-T11C are data encryption, wireless client
authentication, restricting access by device MAC address and hiding the AMG1302-T11C identity.
Table 104 IEEE 802.11g
DATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION
1 DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed)
2 DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)
5.5 / 11 CCK (Complementary Code Keying)
6/9/12/18/24/36/48/
54
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
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The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on
your AMG1302-T11C.
Note: You must enable the same wireless security settings on the AMG1302-T11C and on
all wireless clients that you want to associate with it.
IEEE 802.1x
In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to
support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It
is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x
are:
• User based identification that allows for roaming.
• Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for
centralized user profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server.
• Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional
authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless
clients.
RADIUS
RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and
accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server
handles the following tasks:
• Authentication
Determines the identity of the users.
•Authorization
Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the
network.
• Accounting
Keeps track of the client’s network activity.
Table 105 Wireless Security Levels
SECURITY
LEVEL SECURITY TYPE
Least
Secure
Most Secure
Unique SSID (Default)
Unique SSID with Hide SSID Enabled
MAC Address Filtering
WEP Encryption
IEEE802.1x EAP with RADIUS Server Authentication
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
WPA2
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RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the
wireless client and the network RADIUS server.
Types of RADIUS Messages
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS
server for user authentication:
• Access-Request
Sent by an access point requesting authentication.
• Access-Reject
Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.
• Access-Accept
Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access.
• Access-Challenge
Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point
sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message.
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS
server for user accounting:
• Accounting-Request
Sent by the access point requesting accounting.
• Accounting-Response
Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting.
In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret
key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the
shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from
unauthorized access.
Types of EAP Authentication
This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and
LEAP. Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types.
EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE
802.1x transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP
to interact with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a
RADIUS server perform authentication.
The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that
supports IEEE 802.1x.
For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain
the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used
to authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate
owner.
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EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)
MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server
sends a challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client ‘proves’ that it knows the password by
encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in
plain text.
However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get
the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the
authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an
authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication.
Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You
must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption.
EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)
With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for
mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of
the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done
in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive
attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity.
However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which
imposes a management overhead.
EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service)
EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-
side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending
username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client
authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP,
CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2.
PEAP (Protected EAP)
Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then
use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the
clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5,
EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is
implemented only by Cisco.
LEAP
LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x.
Dynamic WEP Key Exchange
The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the
wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is
generated each time reauthentication is performed.
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If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless
security configuration screen. You may still configure and store keys, but they will not be used while
dynamic WEP is enabled.
Note: EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key Exchange
For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic
keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public
deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a
comparison of the features of authentication types.
WPA and WPA2
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a
wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management
than WPA.
Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user
authentication.
If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use
WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use
WPA2-PSK (WPA2-Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into
each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless
client will be granted access to a WLAN.
If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on
whether you have an external RADIUS server or not.
Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less
secure than WPA or WPA2.
Encryption
WPA improves data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity
Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA2 also uses TKIP when required for compatibility reasons, but
offers stronger encryption than TKIP with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter
mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP).
TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server.
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm
Table 106 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types
EAP-MD5 EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS PEAP LEAP
Mutual Authentication No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Certificate – Client No Yes Optional Optional No
Certificate – Server No Yes Yes Yes No
Dynamic Key Exchange No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Credential Integrity None Strong Strong Strong Moderate
Deployment Difficulty Easy Hard Moderate Moderate Moderate
Client Identity Protection No No Yes Yes No
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called Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check
(MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying
mechanism.
WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is
never used twice.
The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key
hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption
keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless
clients. This all happens in the background automatically.
The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets,
altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the
receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is
assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped.
By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity
checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi
network than WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network.
The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference
between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific
credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force
password-guessing attacks but it’s still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent,
single, alphanumeric password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal
encryption keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of
WEP)
User Authentication
WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate
wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange
messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a
network. Other WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and
pre-authentication. These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless
devices.
Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication
with an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not
need to go with the authentication process again.
Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an
AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it.
Wireless Client WPA Supplicants
A wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless
client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch
for Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client.
The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero
Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it.
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WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example
To set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812),
and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server
looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system.
1The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.
2The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies
network access accordingly.
3A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the RADIUS
server and the client.
4The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and
management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The
keys are used to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and
the wireless clients.
Figure 177 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example
WPA(2)-PSK Application Example
A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.
1First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must
consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters (including spaces and
symbols).
2The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password
matches.
3The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not
sent over the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID.
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4The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information
exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data
exchanged between them.
Figure 178 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication
Security Parameters Summary
Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each
authentication method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on
how you configure these security features.
Antenna Overview
An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to
the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by
capturing RF signals from the air.
Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN.
Table 107 Wireless Security Relational Matrix
AUTHENTICATION
METHOD/ KEY
MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL
ENCRYPTIO
N METHOD ENTER
MANUAL KEY IEEE 802.1X
Open None No Disable
Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Open WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Disable
Shared WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Disable
WPA TKIP/AES No Enable
WPA-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable
WPA2 TKIP/AES No Enable
WPA2-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable
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Antenna Characteristics
Frequency
An antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g) or 5GHz (IEEE 802.11a)
is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless LAN
Radiation Pattern
A radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antenna’s coverage
area.
Antenna Gain
Antenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width.
Higher antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications.
For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately
2.5%. For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of
approximately 5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment.
Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal
power compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna
that sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the
antenna provides.
Types of Antennas for WLAN
There are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications.
• Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The
coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room
environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage
areas with multiple access points.
• Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light
from its bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles
typically range from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional
antennas are ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications.
Positioning Antennas
In general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In
point-to–point application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to
each other to attain the best performance.
For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For
omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP
application, place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible.
For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area.
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
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APPENDIX F
IPv6
Overview
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to enhance IP address size and features. The
increase in IPv6 address size to 128 bits (from the 32-bit IPv4 address) allows up to 3.4 x 1038 IP
addresses.
IPv6 Addressing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This
is an example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can
be written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can
only appear once in an IPv6 address. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be
written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015,
2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
Prefix and Prefix Length
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An
IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address
compose the network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For
example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
Link-local Address
A link-local address uniquely identifies a device on the local network (the LAN). It is similar to a
“private IP address” in IPv4. You can have the same link-local address on multiple interfaces on a
device. A link-local unicast address has a predefined prefix of fe80::/10. The link-local unicast
address format is as follows.
Table 108 Link-local Unicast Address Format
1111 1110 10 0 Interface ID
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
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Global Address
A global address uniquely identifies a device on the Internet. It is similar to a “public IP address” in
IPv4. A global unicast address starts with a 2 or 3.
Unspecified Address
An unspecified address (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 or ::) is used as the source address when a device does
not have its own address. It is similar to “0.0.0.0” in IPv4.
Loopback Address
A loopback address (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1) allows a host to send packets to itself. It is similar to
“127.0.0.1” in IPv4.
Multicast Address
In IPv6, multicast addresses provide the same functionality as IPv4 broadcast addresses.
Broadcasting is not supported in IPv6. A multicast address allows a host to send packets to all hosts
in a multicast group.
Multicast scope allows you to determine the size of the multicast group. A multicast address has a
predefined prefix of ff00::/8. The following table describes some of the predefined multicast
addresses.
The following table describes the multicast addresses which are reserved and can not be assigned
to a multicast group.
Table 109 Predefined Multicast Address
MULTICAST ADDRESS DESCRIPTION
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 All hosts on a local node.
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 All routers on a local node.
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 All hosts on a local connected link.
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 All routers on a local connected link.
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 All routers on a local site.
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:1:3 All DHCP severs on a local site.
Ta ble 110 Reserved Multicast Address
MULTICAST ADDRESS
FF00:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF03:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF04:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF06:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF07:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
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Subnet Masking
Both an IPv6 address and IPv6 subnet mask compose of 128-bit binary digits, which are divided
into eight 16-bit blocks and written in hexadecimal notation. Hexadecimal uses four bits for each
character (1 ~ 10, A ~ F). Each block’s 16 bits are then represented by four hexadecimal
characters. For example, FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FC00:0000:0000:0000.
Interface ID
In IPv6, an interface ID is a 64-bit identifier. It identifies a physical interface (for example, an
Ethernet port) or a virtual interface (for example, the management IP address for a VLAN). One
interface should have a unique interface ID.
EUI-64
The EUI-64 (Extended Unique Identifier) defined by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers) is an interface ID format designed to adapt with IPv6. It is derived from the 48-bit (6-
byte) Ethernet MAC address as shown next. EUI-64 inserts the hex digits fffe between the third and
fourth bytes of the MAC address and complements the seventh bit of the first byte of the MAC
address. See the following example.
Stateless Autoconfiguration
With stateless autoconfiguration in IPv6, addresses can be uniquely and automatically generated.
Unlike DHCPv6 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version six) which is used in IPv6 stateful
autoconfiguration, the owner and status of addresses don’t need to be maintained by a DHCP
server. Every IPv6 device is able to generate its own and unique IP address automatically when
IPv6 is initiated on its interface. It combines the prefix and the interface ID (generated from its own
Ethernet MAC address, see Interface ID and EUI-64) to form a complete IPv6 address.
When IPv6 is enabled on a device, its interface automatically generates a link-local address
(beginning with fe80).
When the interface is connected to a network with a router and the AMG1302-T11C is set to
automatically obtain an IPv6 network prefix from the router for the interface, it generates 3another
FF08:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF09:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0A:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0B:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0C:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0D:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0E:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0F:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
Ta ble 110 Reserved Multicast Address (continued)
MULTICAST ADDRESS
MAC 00 : 13 : 49 :12 : 34 :56
EUI-64 02:13 :49 :FF :FE :12 : 34 :56
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address which combines its interface ID and global and subnet information advertised from the
router. This is a routable global IP address.
DHCPv6
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6, RFC 3315) is a server-client protocol
that allows a DHCP server to assign and pass IPv6 network addresses, prefixes and other
configuration information to DHCP clients. DHCPv6 servers and clients exchange DHCP messages
using UDP.
Each DHCP client and server has a unique DHCP Unique IDentifier (DUID), which is used for
identification when they are exchanging DHCPv6 messages. The DUID is generated from the MAC
address, time, vendor assigned ID and/or the vendor's private enterprise number registered with
the IANA. It should not change over time even after you reboot the device.
Identity Association
An Identity Association (IA) is a collection of addresses assigned to a DHCP client, through which
the server and client can manage a set of related IP addresses. Each IA must be associated with
exactly one interface. The DHCP client uses the IA assigned to an interface to obtain configuration
from a DHCP server for that interface. Each IA consists of a unique IAID and associated IP
information.
The IA type is the type of address in the IA. Each IA holds one type of address. IA_NA means an
identity association for non-temporary addresses and IA_TA is an identity association for temporary
addresses. An IA_NA option contains the T1 and T2 fields, but an IA_TA option does not. The
DHCPv6 server uses T1 and T2 to control the time at which the client contacts with the server to
extend the lifetimes on any addresses in the IA_NA before the lifetimes expire. After T1, the client
sends the server (S1) (from which the addresses in the IA_NA were obtained) a Renew message. If
the time T2 is reached and the server does not respond, the client sends a Rebind message to any
available server (S2). For an IA_TA, the client may send a Renew or Rebind message at the client's
discretion.
DHCP Relay Agent
A DHCP relay agent is on the same network as the DHCP clients and helps forward messages
between the DHCP server and clients. When a client cannot use its link-local address and a well-
known multicast address to locate a DHCP server on its network, it then needs a DHCP relay agent
to send a message to a DHCP server that is not attached to the same network.
The DHCP relay agent can add the remote identification (remote-ID) option and the interface-ID
option to the Relay-Forward DHCPv6 messages. The remote-ID option carries a user-defined string,
3. In IPv6, all network interfaces can be associated with several addresses.
T1
T2
Renew Rebind
Rebind
to S1
Renew
to S1
Renew
to S1
Renew
to S1
Renew
to S1
Renew
to S1
to S2
to S2
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such as the system name. The interface-ID option provides slot number, port information and the
VLAN ID to the DHCPv6 server. The remote-ID option (if any) is stripped from the Relay-Reply
messages before the relay agent sends the packets to the clients. The DHCP server copies the
interface-ID option from the Relay-Forward message into the Relay-Reply message and sends it to
the relay agent. The interface-ID should not change even after the relay agent restarts.
Prefix Delegation
Prefix delegation enables an IPv6 router to use the IPv6 prefix (network address) received from the
ISP (or a connected uplink router) for its LAN. The AMG1302-T11C uses the received IPv6 prefix
(for example, 2001:db2::/48) to generate its LAN IP address. Through sending Router
Advertisements (RAs) regularly by multicast, the AMG1302-T11C passes the IPv6 prefix information
to its LAN hosts. The hosts then can use the prefix to generate their IPv6 addresses.
ICMPv6
Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 (ICMPv6 or ICMP for IPv6) is defined in RFC 4443.
ICMPv6 has a preceding Next Header value of 58, which is different from the value used to identify
ICMP for IPv4. ICMPv6 is an integral part of IPv6. IPv6 nodes use ICMPv6 to report errors
encountered in packet processing and perform other diagnostic functions, such as "ping".
Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)
The Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) is a protocol used to discover other IPv6 devices and track
neighbor’s reachability in a network. An IPv6 device uses the following ICMPv6 messages types:
• Neighbor solicitation: A request from a host to determine a neighbor’s link-layer address (MAC
address) and detect if the neighbor is still reachable. A neighbor being “reachable” means it
responds to a neighbor solicitation message (from the host) with a neighbor advertisement
message.
• Neighbor advertisement: A response from a node to announce its link-layer address.
• Router solicitation: A request from a host to locate a router that can act as the default router and
forward packets.
• Router advertisement: A response to a router solicitation or a periodical multicast advertisement
from a router to advertise its presence and other parameters.
IPv6 Cache
An IPv6 host is required to have a neighbor cache, destination cache, prefix list and default router
list. The AMG1302-T11C maintains and updates its IPv6 caches constantly using the information
from response messages. In IPv6, the AMG1302-T11C configures a link-local address automatically,
and then sends a neighbor solicitation message to check if the address is unique. If there is an
address to be resolved or verified, the AMG1302-T11C also sends out a neighbor solicitation
message. When the AMG1302-T11C receives a neighbor advertisement in response, it stores the
neighbor’s link-layer address in the neighbor cache. When the AMG1302-T11C uses a router
solicitation message to query for a router and receives a router advertisement message, it adds the
router’s information to the neighbor cache, prefix list and destination cache. The AMG1302-T11C
creates an entry in the default router list cache if the router can be used as a default router.
When the AMG1302-T11C needs to send a packet, it first consults the destination cache to
determine the next hop. If there is no matching entry in the destination cache, the AMG1302-T11C
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uses the prefix list to determine whether the destination address is on-link and can be reached
directly without passing through a router. If the address is onlink, the address is considered as the
next hop. Otherwise, the AMG1302-T11C determines the next-hop from the default router list or
routing table. Once the next hop IP address is known, the AMG1302-T11C looks into the neighbor
cache to get the link-layer address and sends the packet when the neighbor is reachable. If the
AMG1302-T11C cannot find an entry in the neighbor cache or the state for the neighbor is not
reachable, it starts the address resolution process. This helps reduce the number of IPv6 solicitation
and advertisement messages.
Multicast Listener Discovery
The Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol (defined in RFC 2710) is derived from IPv4's
Internet Group Management Protocol version 2 (IGMPv2). MLD uses ICMPv6 message types, rather
than IGMP message types. MLDv1 is equivalent to IGMPv2 and MLDv2 is equivalent to IGMPv3.
MLD allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover the presence of MLD listeners who wish to receive
multicast packets and the IP addresses of multicast groups the hosts want to join on its network.
MLD snooping and MLD proxy are analogous to IGMP snooping and IGMP proxy in IPv4.
MLD filtering controls which multicast groups a port can join.
MLD Messages
A multicast router or switch periodically sends general queries to MLD hosts to update the multicast
forwarding table. When an MLD host wants to join a multicast group, it sends an MLD Report
message for that address.
An MLD Done message is equivalent to an IGMP Leave message. When an MLD host wants to leave
a multicast group, it can send a Done message to the router or switch. The router or switch then
sends a group-specific query to the port on which the Done message is received to determine if
other devices connected to this port should remain in the group.
Transition Techniques
IPv6 Over IPv4 Tunnelling
To route traffic between two IPv6 networks over an IPv4 network, an IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel has to
be used.
On the AMG1302-T11C, you can either set up a configured tunnel or an automatic 6to4 tunnel. The
following describes each method.
Configured Tunnel
A configured tunnel is a point-to-point tunnelling mechanism that encapsulates an IPv6 address
with an IPv4 address. Routers (A and B) on both IPv6 networks (1 and 2) each must have an
interface that connects to the IPv4 network (with an IPv4 address). This allows the router to send
and receive IPv6 data over the IPv4 network.
In this case, you must specify B’s public IPv4 address on A (similarly, specify A’s public IPv4
address on B) in order for packets to arrive at the intended destination through the IPv4 network.
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Figure 179 Configured Tunnel Example
6to4 Tunnel
A 6to4 tunnel is an automatic tunnelling mechanism that provides connection between IPv6
networks across an IPv4 network. To transmit IPv6 packets over an IPv4 network, the IPv6 packets
are encapsulated inside IPv4 packets.
The following figure shows a network example.
Figure 180 6to4 Relay Router Network Example
In a 6to4 tunnel, 6to4 routers (A and B in the example network) forward these packets between
IPv6 networks (1 and 2) over the IPv4 Internet. A 6to4 relay router (C) connects to both an IPv6
and IPv4 network. A 6to4 relay router is used to forward packets between 6to4 routers in an IPv4
Internet and an IPv6 device (Z) on the IPv6 Internet.
To transmit packets, a 6to4 address is used with a special IPv6 prefix of 2002:: to encode a given
IPv4 address. A 6to4 address has the following format:
2002:IPv4 address:subnet ID:host ID/64
For example, if you have an IPv4 address of 192.168.1.1 (first converted to binary notation and then to
the colon hexade cimal representation of c0a8:0101), then the 6to4 addresses is 2002:c0a8:0101::1/
64.
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Example - Enabling IPv6 on Windows XP/2003/Vista
By default, Windows XP and Windows 2003 support IPv6. This example shows you how to use the
ipv6 install command on Windows XP/2003 to enable IPv6. This also displays how to use the
ipconfig command to see auto-generated IP addresses.
IPv6 is installed and enabled by default in Windows Vista. Use the ipconfig command to check
your automatic configured IPv6 address as well. You should see at least one IPv6 address available
for the interface on your computer.
Example - Enabling DHCPv6 on Windows XP
Windows XP does not support DHCPv6. If your network uses DHCPv6 for IP address assignment,
you have to additionally install a DHCPv6 client software on your Windows XP. (Note: If you use
static IP addresses or Router Advertisement for IPv6 address assignment in your network, ignore
this section.)
This example uses Dibbler as the DHCPv6 client. To enable DHCPv6 client on your computer:
1Install Dibbler and select the DHCPv6 client option on your computer.
2After the installation is complete, select Start > All Programs > Dibbler-DHCPv6 > Client
Install as service.
3Select Start > Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Services.
4Double click Dibbler - a DHCPv6 client.
C:\>ipv6 install
Installing...
Succeeded.
C:\>ipconfig
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.1.46
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : fe80::2d0:59ff:feb8:103c%4
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.1.254
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5Click Start and then OK.
6Now your computer can obtain an IPv6 address from a DHCPv6 server.
Example - Enabling IPv6 on Windows 7
Windows 7 supports IPv6 by default. DHCPv6 is also enabled when you enable IPv6 on a Windows 7
computer.
To enable IPv6 in Windows 7:
1Select Control Panel > Network and Sharing Center > Local Area Connection.
2Select the Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6) checkbox to enable it.
3Click OK to save the change.
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4Click Close to exit the Local Area Connection Status screen.
5Select Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
6Use the ipconfig command to check your dynamic IPv6 address. This example shows a global
address (2001:b021:2d::1000) obtained from a DHCP server.
C:\>ipconfig
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:b021:2d::1000
Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::25d8:dcab:c80a:5189%11
IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.100.61
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : fe80::213:49ff:feaa:7125%11
172.16.100.254
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APPENDIX G
Services
The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port
numbers.
•Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a
different one, if you like.
•Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service
uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP
protocol number, not the port number.
•Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol.
•If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number.
•If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number.
•Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations
in which this service is used.
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AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
290
Table 111 Examples of Services
NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
AH (IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined 51 The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header)
tunneling protocol uses this service.
AIM TCP 5190 AOL’s Internet Messenger service.
AUTH TCP 113 Authentication protocol used by some
servers.
BGP TCP 179 Border Gateway Protocol.
BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68 DHCP Client.
BOOTP_SERVER UDP 67 DHCP Server.
CU-SEEME TCP/UDP
TCP/UDP
7648
24032
A popular videoconferencing solution from
White Pines Software.
DNS TCP/UDP 53 Domain Name Server, a service that
matches web names (for instance
www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers.
ESP
(IPSEC_TUNNEL)
User-Defined 50 The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security
Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this
service.
FINGER TCP 79 Finger is a UNIX or Internet related
command that can be used to find out if a
user is logged on.
FTP TCP
TCP
20
21
File Transfer Protocol, a program to enable
fast transfer of files, including large files
that may not be possible by e-mail.
H.323 TCP 1720 NetMeeting uses this protocol.
HTTP TCP 80 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/
server protocol for the world wide web.
HTTPS TCP 443 HTTPS is a secured http session often used
in e-commerce.
ICMP User-Defined 1Internet Control Message Protocol is often
used for diagnostic purposes.
ICQ UDP 4000 This is a popular Internet chat program.
IGMP (MULTICAST) User-Defined 2Internet Group Multicast Protocol is used
when sending packets to a specific group
of hosts.
IKE UDP 500 The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is
used for key distribution and management.
IMAP4 TCP 143 The Internet Message Access Protocol is
used for e-mail.
IMAP4S TCP 993 This is a more secure version of IMAP4 that
runs over SSL.
IRC TCP/UDP 6667 This is another popular Internet chat
program.
MSN Messenger TCP 1863 Microsoft Networks’ messenger service
uses this protocol.
NetBIOS TCP/UDP
TCP/UDP
TCP/UDP
TCP/UDP
137
138
139
445
The Network Basic Input/Output System is
used for communication between
computers in a LAN.
Appendix G Services
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291
NEW-ICQ TCP 5190 An Internet chat program.
NEWS TCP 144 A protocol for news groups.
NFS UDP 2049 Network File System - NFS is a client/
server distributed file service that provides
transparent file sharing for network
environments.
NNTP TCP 119 Network News Transport Protocol is the
delivery mechanism for the USENET
newsgroup service.
PING User-Defined 1Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that
sends out ICMP echo requests to test
whether or not a remote host is reachable.
POP3 TCP 110 Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client
computer get e-mail from a POP3 server
through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or
other).
POP3S TCP 995 This is a more secure version of POP3 that
runs over SSL.
PPTP TCP 1723 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables
secure transfer of data over public
networks. This is the control channel.
PPTP_TUNNEL (GRE) User-Defined 47 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)
enables secure transfer of data over public
networks. This is the data channel.
RCMD TCP 512 Remote Command Service.
REAL_AUDIO TCP 7070 A streaming audio service that enables real
time sound over the web.
REXEC TCP 514 Remote Execution Daemon.
RLOGIN TCP 513 Remote Login.
ROADRUNNER TCP/UDP 1026 This is an ISP that provides services mainly
for cable modems.
RTELNET TCP 107 Remote Telnet.
RTSP TCP/UDP 554 The Real Time Streaming (media control)
Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for
multimedia on the Internet.
SFTP TCP 115 The Simple File Transfer Protocol is an old
way of transferring files between
computers.
SMTP TCP 25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the
message-exchange standard for the
Internet. SMTP enables you to move
messages from one e-mail server to
another.
SMTPS TCP 465 This is a more secure version of SMTP that
runs over SSL.
SNMP TCP/UDP 161 Simple Network Management Program.
SNMP-TRAPS TCP/UDP 162 Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215).
Table 111 Examples of Services (continued)
NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
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292
SQL-NET TCP 1521 Structured Query Language is an interface
to access data on many different types of
database systems, including mainframes,
midrange systems, UNIX systems and
network servers.
SSDP UDP 1900 The Simple Service Discovery Protocol
supports Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP).
SSH TCP/UDP 22 Secure Shell Remote Login Program.
STRM WORKS UDP 1558 Stream Works Protocol.
SYSLOG UDP 514 Syslog allows you to send system logs to a
UNIX server.
TACACS UDP 49 Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal
Access Controller Access Control System).
TELNET TCP 23 Telnet is the login and terminal emulation
protocol common on the Internet and in
UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/
IP networks. Its primary function is to
allow users to log into remote host
systems.
VDOLIVE TCP
UDP
7000
user-
defined
A videoconferencing solution. The UDP port
number is specified in the application.
Table 111 Examples of Services (continued)
NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
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293
APPENDIX H
Legal Information
Copyright
Copyright © 2016 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into
any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it
convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any
products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.
Regulatory Notice and Statement
UNITED STATES of AMERICA
The following information applies if you use the product within USA area.
FCC EMC St atement
• The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
• Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the
device.
• This product has been tested and complies with the specifications for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used according to the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation.
• If this device does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which is found by turning the device off and on, the user
is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna
• Increase the separation between the devices
• Connect the equipment to an outlet other than the receiver’s
• Consult a dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for assistance
FCC Radiation Exposure St atement
• This device complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.
• This transmitter must be at least 20 cm from the user and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna
or transmitter.
CANADA
The following information applies if you use the product within Canada area
Industry Canada ICES statement
ICAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B)
Appendix H Legal Information
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
294
Industry Canada RSS-GEN & RSS-247 st atement
• This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1)
this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause
undesired operation of the device.
• This radio transmitter has been approved by Industry Canada to operate with the antenna types listed below with the maximum
permissible gain and required antenna impedance for each antenna type indicated. Antenna types not included in this list, having a
gain greater than the maximum gain indicated for that type, are strictly prohibited for use with this device.
If the product with 5G wireless function operating in 5150-5250 MHz and 5725-5850 MHz , the following attention must be paid,
• The device for operation in the band 5150-5250 MHz is only for indoor use to reduce the potential for harmful interference to co-
channel mobile satellite systems.
• For devices with detachable antenna(s), the maximum antenna gain permitted for devices in the band 5725-5850 MHz shall be such
that the equipment still complies with the e.i.r.p. limits specified for point-to-point and non-point-to-point operation as appropriate;
and
• The worst-case tilt angle(s) necessary to remain compliant with the e.i.r.p. elevation mask requirement set forth in Section 6.2.2(3) of
RSS 247 shall be clearly indicated.
If the product with 5G wireless function operating in 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz , the following attention must be paid.
• For devices with detachable antenna(s), the maximum antenna gain permitted for devices in the bands 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-
5725 MHz shall be such that the equipment still complies with the e.i.r.p. limit.
• Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L’exploitation est
autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) l’appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l’utilisateur de l’appareil doit accepter
tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.
• Le présent émetteur radio de modèle s'il fait partie du matériel de catégorieI) a été approuvé par Industrie Canada pour fonctionner
avec les types d'antenne énumérés ci-dessous et ayant un gain admissible maximal et l'impédance requise pour chaque type
d'antenne. Les types d'antenne non inclus dans cette liste, ou dont le gain est supérieur au gain maximal indiqué, sont strictement
interdits pour l'exploitation de l'émetteur.
Lorsque la fonction sans fil 5G fonctionnant en 5150-5250 MHz and 5725-5850 MHz est activée pour ce produit , il est nécessaire de
porter une attention particulière aux choses suivantes
• Les dispositifs fonctionnant dans la bande 5150-5250 MHz sont réservés uniquement pour une utilisation à l’intérieur afin de réduire
les risques de brouillage préjudiciable aux systèmes de satellites mobiles utilisant les mêmes canaux;
• Pour les dispositifs munis d’antennes amovibles, le gain maximal d'antenne permis (pour les dispositifs utilisant la bande de 5725 à 5
850 MHz) doit être conforme à la limite de la p.i.r.e. spécifiée pour l'exploitation point à point et l’exploitation non point à point, selon
le cas;
• Les pires angles d’inclinaison nécessaires pour rester conforme à l’exigence de la p.i.r.e. applicable au masque d’élévation, et énoncée
à la section 6.2.2 3) du CNR-247, doivent être clairement indiqués.
Lorsque la fonction sans fil 5G fonctionnant en 5250-5350 MHz et 5470-5725 MHz est activée pour ce produit , il est nécessaire de
porter une attention particulière aux choses suivantes.
• Pour les dispositifs munis d’antennes amovibles, le gain maximal d'antenne permis pour les dispositifs utilisant les bandes de 5250 à 5
350 MHz et de 5470 à 5725 MHz doit être conforme à la limite de la p.i.r.e.
Industry Canada radiation exposure statement
This device complies with IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This device should be installed and
operated with a minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator and your body.
Déclaration d’exposition aux radiations:
Cet équipement est conforme aux limites d’exposition aux rayonnements IC établies pour un environnement non contrôlé. Cet
équipement doit être installé et utilisé avec un minimum de 20 cm de distance entre la source de rayonnement et votre corps.
EUROPEAN UNION
The following information applies if you use the product within the European Union.
Declaration of Conformity with Regard to EU Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE Directive)
Compliance information for 2.4GHz and/or 5GHz wireless products relevant to the EU and other Countries following the EU Directive 1999/
5/EC (R&TTE)
Български
(Bulgarian) С настоящото ZyXEL декларира, че това оборудване е в съответствие със съществените изисквания и другите
приложими разпоредбите на Директива 1999/5/ЕC.
Español
(Spanish) Por medio de la presente ZyXEL declara que el equipo cumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras
disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la Directiva 1999/5/CE.
Čeština
(Czech) ZyXEL tímto prohlašuje, že tento zařízení je ve shodě se základními požadavky a dalšími příslušnými ustanoveními
směrnice 1999/5/EC.
Dansk (Danish) Undertegnede ZyXEL erklærer herved, at følgende udstyr udstyr overholder de væsentlige krav og øvrige relevante
krav i direktiv 1999/5/EF.
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295
This device is restricted to indoor use only when operating in the 5150 to 5350 MHz frequency range.
National Restrictions
This product may be used in all EU countries (and other countries following the EU Directive 1999/5/EC) without any limitation except for
the countries mentioned below:
Ce produit peut être utilisé dans tous les pays de l’UE (et dans tous les pays ayant transposés la directive 1999/5/CE) sans aucune
limitation, excepté pour les pays mentionnés ci-dessous:
Questo prodotto è utilizzabile in tutte i paesi EU (ed in tutti gli altri paesi che seguono le direttiva 1999/5/EC) senza nessuna limitazione,
eccetto per i paesii menzionati di seguito:
Das Produkt kann in allen EU Staaten ohne Einschränkungen eingesetzt werden (sowie in anderen Staaten die der Richtlinie 1999/5/CE
folgen) mit Außnahme der folgenden aufgeführten Staaten:
In the majority of the EU and other European countries, the 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands have been made available for the use of wireless
local area networks (LANs). Later in this document you will find an overview of countries in which additional restrictions or requirements
or both are applicable.
The requirements for any country may evolve. ZyXEL recommends that you check with the local authorities for the latest status of their
national regulations for both the 2.4GHz and 5GHz wireless LANs.
The following countries have restrictions and/or requirements in addition to those given in the table labeled “Overview of Regulatory
Requirements for Wireless LANs”:.
Belgium
Deutsch
(German) Hiermit erklärt ZyXEL, dass sich das Gerät Ausstattung in Übereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen
und den übrigen einschlägigen Bestimmungen der Richtlinie 1999/5/EU befindet.
Eesti keel
(Estonian) Käesolevaga kinnitab ZyXEL seadme seadmed vastavust direktiivi 1999/5/EÜ põhinõuetele ja nimetatud direktiivist
tulenevatele teistele asjakohastele sätetele.
Ελληνικά
(Greek) ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑ ZyXEL ∆ΗΛΩΝΕΙ ΟΤΙ εξοπλισμός ΣΥΜΜΟΡΦΩΝΕΤΑΙ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΣ ΟΥΣΙΩ∆ΕΙΣ ΑΠΑΙΤΗΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΙΣ
ΛΟΙΠΕΣ ΣΧΕΤΙΚΕΣ ∆ΙΑΤΑΞΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ Ο∆ΗΓΙΑΣ 1999/5/ΕC.
English Hereby, ZyXEL declares that this device is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions
of Directive 1999/5/EC.
Français
(French) Par la présente ZyXEL déclare que l'appareil équipements est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux autres
dispositions pertinentes de la directive 1999/5/EC.
Hrvatski
(Croatian) ZyXEL ovime izjavljuje da je radijska oprema tipa u skladu s Direktivom 1999/5/EC.
Íslenska
(Icelandic) Hér með lýsir, ZyXEL því yfir að þessi búnaður er í samræmi við grunnkröfur og önnur viðeigandi ákvæði tilskipunar
1999/5/EC.
Italiano
(Italian) Con la presente ZyXEL dichiara che questo attrezzatura è conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni
pertinenti stabilite dalla direttiva 1999/5/CE.
Latviešu valoda
(Latvian) Ar šo ZyXEL deklarē, ka iekārtas atbilst Direktīvas 1999/5/EK būtiskajām prasībām un citiem ar to saistītajiem
noteikumiem.
Lietuvių kalba
(Lithuanian) Šiuo ZyXEL deklaruoja, kad šis įranga atitinka esminius reikalavimus ir kitas 1999/5/EB Direktyvos nuostatas.
Magyar
(Hungarian) Alulírott, ZyXEL nyilatkozom, hogy a berendezés megfelel a vonatkozó alapvetõ követelményeknek és az 1999/5/EK
irányelv egyéb elõírásainak.
Malti (Maltese) Hawnhekk, ZyXEL, jiddikjara li dan tagħmir jikkonforma mal-ħtiġijiet essenzjali u ma provvedimenti oħrajn relevanti li
hemm fid-Dirrettiva 1999/5/EC.
Nederlands
(Dutch) Hierbij verklaart ZyXEL dat het toestel uitrusting in overeenstemming is met de essentiële eisen en de andere
relevante bepalingen van richtlijn 1999/5/EC.
Polski (Polish) Niniejszym ZyXEL oświadcza, że sprzęt jest zgodny z zasadniczymi wymogami oraz pozostałymi stosownymi
postanowieniami Dyrektywy 1999/5/EC.
Português
(Portuguese) ZyXEL declara que este equipamento está conforme com os requisitos essenciais e outras disposições da Directiva
1999/5/EC.
Română
(Romanian) Prin prezenta, ZyXEL declară că acest echipament este în conformitate cu cerinţele esenţiale şi alte prevederi
relevante ale Directivei 1999/5/EC.
Slovenčina
(Slovak) ZyXEL týmto vyhlasuje, že zariadenia spĺňa základné požiadavky a všetky príslušné ustanovenia Smernice 1999/5/EC.
Slovenščina
(Slovene) ZyXEL izjavlja, da je ta oprema v skladu z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi relevantnimi določili direktive 1999/5/EC.
Suomi
(Finnish) ZyXEL vakuuttaa täten että laitteet tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien
direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen.
Svenska
(Swedish) Härmed intygar ZyXEL att denna utrustning står I överensstämmelse med de väsentliga egenskapskrav och övriga
relevanta bestämmelser som framgår av direktiv 1999/5/EC.
Norsk
(Norwegian) Erklærer herved ZyXEL at dette utstyret er I samsvar med de grunnleggende kravene og andre relevante
bestemmelser I direktiv 1999/5/EF.
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The Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) must be notified of any outdoor wireless link having a range
exceeding 300 meters. Please check http://www.bipt.be for more details.
Draadloze verbindingen voor buitengebruik en met een reikwijdte van meer dan 300 meter dienen aangemeld te worden bij het Belgisch
Instituut voor postdiensten en telecommunicatie (BIPT). Zie http://www.bipt.be voor meer gegevens.
Les liaisons sans fil pour une utilisation en extérieur d’une distance supérieure à 300 mètres doivent être notifiées à l’Institut Belge des
services Postaux et des Télécommunications (IBPT). Visitez http://www.ibpt.be pour de plus amples détails.
Denmark
In Denmark, the band 5150 - 5350 MHz is also allowed for outdoor usage.
I Danmark må frekvensbåndet 5150 - 5350 også anvendes udendørs.
Italy
This product meets the National Radio Interface and the requirements specified in the National Frequency Allocation Table for Italy. Unless
this wireless LAN product is operating within the boundaries of the owner's property, its use requires a “general authorization.” Please
check http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ for more details.
Questo prodotto è conforme alla specifiche di Interfaccia Radio Nazionali e rispetta il Piano Nazionale di ripartizione delle frequenze in
Italia. Se non viene installato all 'interno del proprio fondo, l'utilizzo di prodotti Wireless LAN richiede una “Autorizzazione Generale”.
Consultare http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ per maggiori dettagli.
Latvia
The outdoor usage of the 2.4 GHz band requires an authorization from the Electronic Communications Office. Please check http://
www.esd.lv for more details.
2.4 GHz frekvenèu joslas izmantoðanai ârpus telpâm nepiecieðama atïauja no Elektronisko sakaru direkcijas. Vairâk informâcijas: http://
www.esd.lv.
Notes:
1. Although Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein are not EU member states, the EU Directive 1999/5/EC has also been implemented in
those countries.
2. The regulatory limits for maximum output power are specified in EIRP. The EIRP level (in dBm) of a device can be calculated by adding
the gain of the antenna used(specified in dBi) to the output power available at the connector (specified in dBm).
List of national codes
Safety Warnings
• Do not use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Do not expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do not store things on the device.
• Do not install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do not open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY
qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Do not remove the plug and connect it to a power outlet by itself; always attach the plug to the power adaptor first before connecting
it to a power outlet.
• Do not allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor
or cord.
COUNTRY ISO 3166 2 LETTER CODE COUNTRY ISO 3166 2 LETTER CODE
Austria AT Liechtenstein LI
Belgium BE Lithuania LT
Bulgaria BG Luxembourg LU
Croatia HR Malta MT
Cyprus CY Netherlands NL
Czech Republic CZ Norway NO
Denmark DK Poland PL
Estonia EE Portugal PT
Finland FI Romania RO
France FR Serbia RS
Germany DE Slovakia SK
Greece GR Slovenia SI
Hungary HU Spain ES
Iceland IS Switzerland CH
Ireland IE Sweden SE
Italy IT Turkey TR
Latvia LV United Kingdom GB
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297
• Please use the provided or designated connection cables/power cables/ adaptors. Connect it to the right supply voltage (for example,
110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe). If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, it might cause electrocution. Remove it
from the device and the power source, repairing the power adapter or cord is prohibited. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• CAUTION: Risk of explosion if battery is replaced by an incorrect type, dispose of used batteries according to the instruction. Dispose
them at the applicable collection point for the recycling of electrical and electronic devices. For detailed information about recycling of
this product, please contact your local city office, your household waste disposal service or the store where you purchased the product.
• Do not obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.
• The following warning statements apply, where the disconnect device is not incorporated in the device or where the plug on the power
supply cord is intended to serve as the disconnect device,
• For permanently connected devices, a readily accessible disconnect device shall be incorporated external to the device;
• For pluggable devices, the socket-outlet shall be installed near the device and shall be easily accessible.
Environment Statement
ErP (Energy-related Products)
ZyXEL products put on the EU market in compliance with the requirement of the European Parliament and the Council published Directive
2009/125/EC establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products (recast), so called as "ErP
Directive (Energy-related Products directive) as well as ecodesign requirement laid down in applicable implementing measures, power
consumption has satisfied regulation requirements which are:
Network standby power consumption < 12W, and/or
Off mode power consumption < 0.5W, and/or
Standby mode power consumption < 0.5W.
Wireless setting, please refer to "Wireless" chapter for more detail.
European Union - Disposal and Recycling Information
The symbol below means that according to local regulations your product and/or its battery shall be disposed of separately from domestic
waste. If this product is end of life, take it to a recycling station designated by local authorities. At the time of disposal, the separate
collection of your product and/or its battery will help save natural resources and ensure that the environment is sustainable development.
Die folgende Symbol bedeutet, dass Ihr Produkt und/oder seine Batterie gemäß den örtlichen Bestimmungen getrennt vom Hausmüll
entsorgt werden muss. Wenden Sie sich an eine Recyclingstation, wenn dieses Produkt das Ende seiner Lebensdauer erreicht hat. Zum
Zeitpunkt der Entsorgung wird die getrennte Sammlung von Produkt und/oder seiner Batterie dazu beitragen, natürliche Ressourcen zu
sparen und die Umwelt und die menschliche Gesundheit zu schützen.
El símbolo de abajo indica que según las regulaciones locales, su producto y/o su batería deberán depositarse como basura separada de la
doméstica. Cuando este producto alcance el final de su vida útil, llévelo a un punto limpio. Cuando llegue el momento de desechar el
producto, la recogida por separado éste y/o su batería ayudará a salvar los recursos naturales y a proteger la salud humana y
medioambiental.
Le symbole ci-dessous signifie que selon les réglementations locales votre produit et/ou sa batterie doivent être éliminés séparément des
ordures ménagères. Lorsque ce produit atteint sa fin de vie, amenez-le à un centre de recyclage. Au moment de la mise au rebut, la
collecte séparée de votre produit et/ou de sa batterie aidera à économiser les ressources naturelles et protéger l'environnement et la
santé humaine.
Il simbolo sotto significa che secondo i regolamenti locali il vostro prodotto e/o batteria deve essere smaltito separatamente dai rifiuti
domestici. Quando questo prodotto raggiunge la fine della vita di servizio portarlo a una stazione di riciclaggio. Al momento dello
smaltimento, la raccolta separata del vostro prodotto e/o della sua batteria aiuta a risparmiare risorse naturali e a proteggere l'ambiente
e la salute umana.
Symbolen innebär att enligt lokal lagstiftning ska produkten och/eller dess batteri kastas separat från hushållsavfallet. När den här
produkten når slutet av sin livslängd ska du ta den till en återvinningsstation. Vid tiden för kasseringen bidrar du till en bättre miljö och
mänsklig hälsa genom att göra dig av med den på ett återvinningsställe.
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Environmental Product Declaration
Appendix H Legal Information
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
299
台灣
以下訊息僅適用於產品具有無線功能且銷售至台灣地區
第十二條 經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司，商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。
第十四條 低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經發現有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。
前項合法通信，指依電信法規定作業之無線電通信。 低功率射頻電機須忍受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。
用 20cm 計算 MPE 能符合 1 mW/cm2
無線資訊傳輸設備忍受合法通信之干擾且不得干擾合法通信；如造成干擾，應立即停用， 俟無干擾之虞，始得繼續使用。
無線資訊傳設備的製造廠商應確保頻率穩定性，如依製造廠商使用手冊上所述正常操作， 發射的信號應維持於操作頻帶中
以下訊息僅適用於產品操作於 5.25-5.35 秭赫頻帶內並銷售至台灣地區
• 在 5.25-5.35 秭赫頻帶內操作之無線資訊傳輸設備，限於室內使用。
以下訊息僅適用於產品屬於專業安裝並銷售至台灣地區
• 本器材須經專業工程人員安裝及設定，始得 設置使用，且不得直接販售給一般消費者
安全警告
為了您的安全，請先閱讀以下警告及指示 :
• 請勿將此產品接近水、火焰或放置在高溫的環境。
• 避免設備接觸任何液體 - 切勿讓設備接觸水、雨水、高濕度、污水腐蝕性的液體或其他水份。
• 灰塵及污物 - 切勿接觸灰塵、污物、沙土、食物或其他不合適的材料。
• 雷雨天氣時，不要安裝，使用或維修此設備。有遭受電擊的風險。
• 切勿重摔或撞擊設備，並勿使用不正確的電源變壓器。
• 若接上不正確的電源變壓器會有爆炸的風險。
• 請勿隨意更換產品內的電池。
• 如果更換不正確之電池型式，會有爆炸的風險，請依製造商說明書處理使用過之電池。
• 請將廢電池丟棄在適當的電器或電子設備回收處。
• 請勿將設備解體。
• 請勿阻礙設備的散熱孔，空氣對流不足將會造成設備損害。
• 請插在正確的電壓供給插座 ( 如 : 北美 / 台灣電壓 110V AC，歐洲是 230V AC)。
• 假若電源變壓器或電源變壓器的纜線損壞，請從插座拔除，若您還繼續插電使用，會有觸電死亡的風險。
• 請勿試圖修理電源變壓器或電源變壓器的纜線，若有毀損，請直接聯絡您購買的店家，購買一個新的電源變壓器。
• 請勿將此設備安裝於室外，此設備僅適合放置於室內。
• 請勿隨一般垃圾丟棄。
• 請參閱產品背貼上的設備額定功率。
• 請參考產品型錄或是彩盒上的作業溫度。
• 產品沒有斷電裝置或者採用電源線的插頭視為斷電裝置的一部分，以下警語將適用 :
－ 對永久連接之設備， 在設備外部須安裝可觸及之斷電裝置；
－ 對插接式之設備， 插座必須接近安裝之地點而且是易於觸及的。
Viewing Certifications
Go to http://www.zyxel.com to view this product’s documentation and certifications.
ZyXEL Limited Warranty
ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in material or workmanship for a specific
period (the Warranty Period) from the date of purchase. The Warranty Period varies by region. Check with your vendor and/or the
authorized ZyXEL local distributor for details about the Warranty Period of this product. During the warranty period, and upon proof of
purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or
replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to
restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally
equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has
been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other
warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in
no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought
the device at http://www.zyxel.com/web/support_warranty_info.php.
Registration
Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at
www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
Appendix H Legal Information
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
300
Open Source Licenses
This product contains in part some free software distributed under GPL license terms and/or GPL like licenses. Open source licenses are
provided with the firmware package. You can download the latest firmware at www.zyxel.com. To obtain the source code covered under
those Licenses, please contact support@zyxel.com.tw to get it.
Index
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
301
Index
Numbers
802.1p 146
A
activation
CWMP 196
dynamic DNS 162
NAT 149
port binding 159
port forwarding 152
QoS 139
SSID 95
wireless LAN
scheduling 102
WPS 99
address mapping
types 156
administrator password 18
alternative subnet mask notation 253
antenna
directional 278
gain 278
omni-directional 278
anti-probing 167
AP (access point) 268
applications, NAT 155
Asynchronous Transfer Mode, see ATM
ATM 218
MBS 76, 82
PCR 75, 81
QoS 75, 81, 85
SCR 75, 81
status 218
authentication 107, 108
RADIUS server 108
automatic logout 19
B
backup
configuration 207
Basic Service Set, See BSS 266
Basic Service Set, see BSS
broadcast 68
BSS 110, 266
example 110
C
CA 184, 273
CBR 75, 81, 85
certificate
factory default 185
Certificate Authority
See CA.
certificates 184
authentication 184
CA
public key 184
replacing 185
storage space 185
trusted CAs 186, 187
Certification Authority 184
Certification Authority. see CA
certifications 296
viewing 299
channel 268
interference 268
channel, wireless LAN 107
CLI 13
client list 122
Command Line Interface, see CLI
compatibility, WDS 100
configuration
backup 207
CWMP 195
Index
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
302
DHCP 121
IP alias 123
IP precedence 144
port forwarding 150
reset 208
restoring 208
static route 133, 135
WAN 68
wizard 25
connection
nailed-up 84
contact information 225
copyright 293
CPE WAN Management Protocol, see CWMP
CTS (Clear to Send) 269
customer support 225
customized services 172, 174
CWMP 195
activation 196
configuration 195
D
data fragment threshold 104, 107
DDoS 166
default LAN IP address 18
default server address 153
default server, NAT 150
Denials of Service, see DoS
DHCP 64, 119, 121, 128
diagnostic 217
DiffServ Code Point, see DSCP
digital IDs 184
disclaimer 293
DMZ 153
DNS 119, 129
documentation
related 2
Domain Name System, see DNS
DoS 166
three-way handshake 174
thresholds 167, 174, 175
DSCP 144
DSL connections, status 219
dynamic DNS 161
activation 162
wildcard 161
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, see DHCP
dynamic WEP key exchange 273
DYNDNS wildcard 161
E
EAP Authentication 272
e-mail
log example 204
encapsulation 67, 71, 79
ENET ENCAP 82
PPPoA 83
PPPoE 82
RFC 1483 83
encryption 109, 274
ENET ENCAP 71, 79, 82
ESS 267
Extended Service Set IDentification 89, 96
Extended Service Set, See ESS 267
F
filters 163
IP/MAC 163
MAC address 96, 108
firewalls 165
actions 171
address types 172
anti-probing 167
customized services 172, 174
DDoS 166
default action 168
DoS 166
thresholds 167, 174, 175
ICMP 167
LAND attack 166
logs 171
P2P 175
packet direction 168
Ping of Death 166
rules 176
Index
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
303
security 178
SYN attack 166
three-way handshake 174
triangle route 178, 179
solutions 179
firmware 205
forwarding ports 149, 150
activation 152
configuration 150
example 150
rules 151
fragmentation threshold 104, 107, 269
FTP 13
G
Guide
Quick Start 2
H
hidden node 268
host 194
host name 63
I
IANA 258
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
see IANA
IBSS 266
ICMP 167
IEEE 802.11g 270
IGA 154
IGMP 68, 121, 131
ILA 154
importing trusted CAs 187
Independent Basic Service Set
See IBSS 266
initialization vector (IV) 275
Inside Global Address, see IGA
Inside Local Address, see ILA
Internet Control Message Protocol, see ICMP
Internet Protocol version 6, see IPv6
IP address 64, 67, 72, 79, 83, 118, 129
default 18
default server 150
ping 217
private 130
IP alias 123
configuration 123
NAT applications 156
IP precedence 144, 146
configuration 144
IP/MAC filter 163
IPv6 279
addressing 279
EUI-64 281
global address 280
interface ID 281
link-local address 279
Neighbor Discovery Protocol 279
ping 279
prefix 279
prefix length 279
stateless autoconfiguration 281
unspecified address 280
L
LAN 118
client list 122
DHCP 119, 121, 128
DNS 119, 129
IGMP 131
IP address 118, 120, 129
IP alias 123
configuration 123
MAC address 122
multicast 121, 131
RIP 130
subnet mask 119, 129
LAND attack 166
limitations
wireless LAN 109
WPS 116
Local Area Network, see LAN
login
Index
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
304
passwords 18
logout 19
automatic 19
logs 189, 201
firewalls 171
M
MAC 64
MAC address 97, 122
filter 96, 108
MAC authentication 96
Management Information Base (MIB) 213
managing the device
using FTP. See FTP.
mapping address
types 156
Maximum Burst Size, see MBS
Maximum Transmission Unit, see MTU
MBS 76, 82, 85
MBSSID 110
Media Access Control, see MAC Address
MLD proxy 75
model name 63
MTU 76, 82
multicast 68, 75, 121, 131
IGMPInternet Group Multicast Protocol, see IGMP
Multiple BSS, see MBSSID
multiplexing 71, 79, 83
LLC-based 83
VC-based 83
N
nailed-up connection 74, 80, 84
NAT 80, 148, 154, 257
activation 149
address mapping
types 156
applications 155
IP alias 156
default server IP address 150
example 155
global 154
IGA 154
ILA 154
inside 154
local 154
outside 154
P2P 149
port forwarding 149, 150
activation 152
configuration 150
example 150
rules 151
remote management 211
Network Address Translation
see NAT
Network Address Translation, see NAT
network map 22
O
other documentation 2
P
P2P 149, 175
packet direction 168
Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 275, 276
passwords 18
PBC 111
PCR 75, 81, 84
Peak Cell Rate, see PCR
PIN, WPS 112
example 113
Ping of Death 166
port binding 158
activation 159
summary screen 160
port forwarding 149, 150
activation 152
configuration 150
example 150
rules 151
PPPoA 71, 79, 83
PPPoE 71, 79, 82
Index
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
305
preamble 104, 107
preamble mode 270
private IP address 130
probing, firewalls 167
PSK 275
push button 16
Push Button Configuration, see PBC
push button, WPS 111
Q
QoS 137
802.1p 146
activation 139
DSCP 144
example 137
IP precedence 144, 146
priority queue 147
Quality of Service, see QoS
Quick Start Guide 2, 18
R
RADIUS 271
message types 272
messages 272
shared secret key 272
RADIUS server 108
related documentation 2
remote management 210
limitations 211
NAT 211
reset 16, 208
restart 209
restoring configuration 208
RFC 1483 71, 79, 83
RFC 3164 189
RIP 75, 130
Routing Information Protocol, see RIP
RTS (Request To Send) 269
threshold 268, 269
rules, port forwarding 151
S
schedules
wireless LAN 102
SCR 75, 81, 85
security
network 178
wireless LAN 107
Security Parameter Index, see SPI
service access control 211, 214, 215
Service Set 89, 96
setup
DHCP 121
IP alias 123
IP precedenceQoS
IP precedence 144
port forwarding 150
static route 133, 135
WAN 68
wizard 25
shaping traffic 84, 85
Simple Network Management Protocol, see SNMP
SNMP 212
agents 213
Manager 213
managers 213
MIB 213
network components 213
versions 212
SPI 166
SSID 108
activation 95
MBSSID 110
static route 132
configuration 133, 135
example 132
status 61
ATM 218
DSL connections 219
WPS 100
subnet 251
subnet mask 119, 129, 252
subnetting 254
Sustain Cell Rate, see SCR
SYN attack 166
syslog
Index
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
306
protocol 189
severity levels 189
system 198
firmware 205
passwords 18
reset 16
status 61
time 199
System Info 62
system name 63
T
three-way handshake 174
thresholds
data fragment 104, 107
DoS 167, 174, 175
P2P 175
time 199
TR-069 13
traffic shaping 84
example 85
triangle route 178, 179
solutions 179
trusted CAs, and certificates 186
U
UBR 75, 81, 86
unicast 68
Universal Plug and Play, see UPnP
upgrading firmware 205
UPnP 124
cautions 119
NAT traversal 119
V
VBR 85
VBR-nRT 75, 81, 86
VBR-RT 75, 81, 85
VCI 72, 79, 83
version
firmware
version 64
Virtual Channel Identifier, see VCI
Virtual Path Identifier, see VPI
VPI 72, 79, 83
W
WAN 67
ATM QoS 75, 81, 85
encapsulation 67, 71, 79
IGMP 68
IP address 67, 72, 79, 83
mode 71, 78
MTU 76, 82
multicast 68, 75
multiplexing 71, 79, 83
nailed-up connection 74, 80, 84
NAT 80
RIP 75
setup 68
traffic shaping 84
example 85
VCI 72, 79, 83
VPI 72, 79, 83
warranty 299
note 299
WDS 100, 111
compatibility 100
example 111
Web Configurator 18
web configurator 13
passwords 18
WEP 109
WEP Encryption 91, 92
WEP encryption 91
WEP key 91
Wide Area Network, see WAN
WiFi Protected Access 274
WiFi Protected Setup, see WPS
wireless
client configuration 41
wireless client WPA supplicants 275
Wireless Distribution System, see WDS
Index
AMG1302-T11C User’s Guide
307
wireless LAN 87, 105
authentication 107, 108
BSS 110
example 110
channel 107
encryption 109
example 106
fragmentation threshold 104, 107
limitations 109
MAC address filter 96, 108
MBSSID 110
preamble 104, 107
RADIUS server 108
scheduling 102
security 107
SSID 108
activation 95
WDS 100, 111
compatibility 100
example 111
WEP 109
wizard 30
WPA 109
WPA-PSK 109
WPS 98, 111, 113
activation 99
example 114
limitations 116
PIN 112
push button 16, 111
status 100
wireless security 270
Wireless tutorial 37
wizard 25
configuration 25
wireless LAN 30
WLAN
interference 268
security parameters 277
WPA 109, 274
key caching 275
pre-authentication 275
user authentication 275
vs WPA-PSK 275
wireless client supplicant 275
with RADIUS application example 276
WPA2 274
user authentication 275
vs WPA2-PSK 275
wireless client supplicant 275
with RADIUS application example 276
WPA2-Pre-Shared Key 274
WPA2-PSK 274, 275
application example 276
WPA-PSK 109, 274, 275
application example 276
WPS 98, 111, 113
activation 99
example 114
limitations 116
PIN 112
example 113
push button 16, 111
status 100