Table of Contents
- NBG6515
- User’s Guide
- Technical Reference
- Wireless LAN
- 11.1 Overview
- 11.2 What You Can Do
- 11.3 What You Should Know
- 11.4 General Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G General Screen
- 11.5 General Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G Security Screen
- 11.6 MAC Filter
- 11.7 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen
- 11.8 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen
- 11.9 WPS Screen
- 11.10 WPS Device Screen
- 11.11 Scheduling Screen
- 11.12 Guest WLAN Screen
- IPv6
- WAN
- LAN
- DHCP Server
- Network Address Translation (NAT)
- Dynamic DNS
- Static Route
- Firewall
- Content Filter
- Bandwidth Management
- Remote Management
- Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
- USB Media Sharing
- Maintenance
- Troubleshooting
- IP Addresses and Subnetting
- Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address
- Wireless LANs
- Common Services
- Legal Information
- Customer Support
- Index
- Wireless LAN
Zyxel NBG6515 User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for NBG6515 by Zyxel which is a product in the Wireless Routers category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
Quick Start Guide
www.zyxel.com
NBG6515
AC750 Dual-Band Wireless Gigabit Router
Version 1.00
Edition 1, 01/2016
User’s Guide
Default Details
LAN IP Address
- Router Mode
(Default mode) http://192.168.1.1
- AP/Repeater
Mode http://192.168.1.2
User Name admin
Password 1234
2.4G SSID ZyXEL + Last 6 digits of the 2.4G MAC
address (ZyXEL734916)
5G SSID ZyXEL+ Last 6 digits of the 5G MAC
address + .speed
(ZyXEL734917.speed)
Pre-shared Key Serial number + Random key
Copyright © 2016 ZyXEL Communications Corporation
NBG6515 User’s Guide
2
IMPORTANT!
READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE.
KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
Screenshots and graphics in this book may differ slightly from your product due to differences in
your product firmware or your computer operating system. Every effort has been made to ensure
that the information in this manual is accurate.
Related Documentation
•Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide shows how to connect the NBG and access the Web Configurator.
Note: It is recommended you use the Web Configurator to configure the NBG.
•More Information
Go to support.zyxel.com to find other information on the NBG.
Contents Overview
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Contents Overview
User’ s Guide .......................................................................................................................................11
Getting to Know Your NBG .....................................................................................................................12
Connection Wizard ..................................................................................................................................17
Introducing the Web Configurator ...........................................................................................................26
Monitor ....................................................................................................................................................31
NBG Modes .............................................................................................................................................36
Easy Mode ..............................................................................................................................................37
Router Mode ...........................................................................................................................................49
Access Point Mode .................................................................................................................................56
Universal Repeater Mode .......................................................................................................................63
Tutorials ..................................................................................................................................................72
Technical Reference ..........................................................................................................................79
Wireless LAN ..........................................................................................................................................80
IPv6 .........................................................................................................................................................96
WAN ......................................................................................................................................................101
LAN ....................................................................................................................................................... 111
DHCP Server ........................................................................................................................................ 114
Network Address Translation (NAT) ...................................................................................................... 117
Dynamic DNS ........................................................................................................................................123
Static Route ...........................................................................................................................................125
Firewall ..................................................................................................................................................127
Content Filter .........................................................................................................................................134
Bandwidth Management .......................................................................................................................136
Remote Management ............................................................................................................................142
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ...........................................................................................................144
USB Media Sharing ...............................................................................................................................151
Maintenance ..........................................................................................................................................160
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................................167
Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
Contents Overview ..............................................................................................................................3
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................4
Part I: User’s Guide ......................................................................................... 11
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your NBG................................................................................................................12
1.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................12
1.2 Applications .......................................................................................................................................12
1.3 Ways to Manage the NBG ................................................................................................................12
1.4 Good Habits for Managing the NBG .................................................................................................13
1.5 LEDs .................................................................................................................................................14
1.6 The WPS Button ...............................................................................................................................15
1.7 Wall Mounting ...................................................................................................................................15
Chapter 2
Connection Wizard .............................................................................................................................17
2.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................17
2.2 Accessing the Wizard ........................................................................................................................17
2.3 Connect to Internet ............................................................................................................................17
2.3.1 Connection Type: DHCP .........................................................................................................18
2.3.2 Connection Type: Static IP ......................................................................................................19
2.3.3 Connection Type: PPPoE ........................................................................................................20
2.3.4 Connection Type: PPTP ..........................................................................................................21
2.4 Router Password ...............................................................................................................................22
2.5 Wireless Security ..............................................................................................................................23
2.5.1 Wireless Security: No Security ................................................................................................23
2.5.2 Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK ...............................................................................24
Chapter 3
Introducing the Web Configurator ....................................................................................................26
3.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................26
3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator .......................................................................................................26
3.2.1 Login Screen ...........................................................................................................................26
3.2.2 Password Screen ....................................................................................................................27
3.2.3 Home Screen ...........................................................................................................................28
3.3 Resetting the NBG ............................................................................................................................30
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3.3.1 Procedure to Use the Reset Button .........................................................................................30
Chapter 4
Monitor.................................................................................................................................................31
4.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................31
4.2 What You Can Do .............................................................................................................................31
4.3 The Log Screen .................................................................................................................................31
4.3.1 View Log ..................................................................................................................................31
4.4 DHCP Table ...................................................................................................................................32
4.5 Packet Statistics ...............................................................................................................................33
4.6 WLAN 2.4G Station Status ............................................................................................................34
4.7 WLAN 5G Station Status ...............................................................................................................35
Chapter 5
NBG Modes .........................................................................................................................................36
5.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................36
5.1.1 Web Configurator Modes .........................................................................................................36
5.1.2 Device Modes ..........................................................................................................................36
Chapter 6
Easy Mode...........................................................................................................................................37
6.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................37
6.2 What You Can Do .............................................................................................................................39
6.3 What You Need to Know ...................................................................................................................39
6.4 Navigation Panel ...............................................................................................................................39
6.5 Network Map .....................................................................................................................................39
6.6 Control Panel ....................................................................................................................................40
6.6.1 Game Engine ...........................................................................................................................41
6.6.2 Power Saving ..........................................................................................................................42
6.6.3 Content Filter ...........................................................................................................................43
6.6.4 Bandwidth Management ..........................................................................................................44
6.6.5 Firewall ....................................................................................................................................44
6.6.6 Wireless Security .....................................................................................................................45
6.6.7 WPS ........................................................................................................................................46
6.7 Status Screen in Easy Mode .............................................................................................................47
Chapter 7
Router Mode........................................................................................................................................49
7.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................49
7.2 What You Can Do .............................................................................................................................49
7.3 Status Screen ....................................................................................................................................49
7.3.1 Navigation Panel .....................................................................................................................52
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Chapter 8
Access Point Mode.............................................................................................................................56
8.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................56
8.2 What You Can Do .............................................................................................................................56
8.3 What You Need to Know ...................................................................................................................56
8.3.1 Setting your NBG to AP Mode .................................................................................................57
8.3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator in Access Point Mode ..........................................................57
8.3.3 Configuring your WLAN, Bandwidth Management and Maintenance Settings ........................57
8.4 AP Mode Status Screen ....................................................................................................................57
8.5 LAN Screen .......................................................................................................................................60
Chapter 9
Universal Repeater Mode...................................................................................................................63
9.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................63
9.2 What You Can Do .............................................................................................................................63
9.3 What You Need to Know ...................................................................................................................63
9.4 Setting your NBG to Universal Repeater Mode ................................................................................64
9.5 Universal Repeater Mode Status Screen ..........................................................................................64
9.5.1 Navigation Panel .....................................................................................................................67
9.6 AP Select Screen ..............................................................................................................................67
9.6.1 Wireless LAN 2.4G ..................................................................................................................67
9.6.2 Wireless LAN 5G .....................................................................................................................69
Chapter 10
Tutorials...............................................................................................................................................72
10.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................................72
10.2 Connecting to the Internet from an Access Point ............................................................................72
10.3 Configuring Wireless Security Using WPS ......................................................................................72
10.3.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC) ..........................................................................................73
10.3.2 PIN Configuration ..................................................................................................................74
10.4 Enabling and Configuring Wireless Security (No WPS) ..................................................................75
10.4.1 Configure Your Notebook ......................................................................................................77
Part II: Technical Reference............................................................................79
Chapter 11
Wireless LAN.......................................................................................................................................80
11.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................................80
11.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................................80
11.3 What You Should Know ...................................................................................................................81
11.3.1 Wireless Security Overview ...................................................................................................81
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11.4 General Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G General Screen ...........................................................................83
11.5 General Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G Security Screen ...........................................................................85
11.5.1 No Security ............................................................................................................................85
11.5.2 WEP Encryption .....................................................................................................................86
11.5.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK ...........................................................................................................88
11.6 MAC Filter .......................................................................................................................................89
11.7 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen .....................................................................................................90
11.8 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen .....................................................................................................91
11.9 WPS Screen ....................................................................................................................................91
11.10 WPS Device Screen ......................................................................................................................92
11.11 Scheduling Screen ........................................................................................................................93
11.12 Guest WLAN Screen .....................................................................................................................94
Chapter 12
IPv6 ......................................................................................................................................................96
12.1 IPv6 Overview .................................................................................................................................96
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..........................................................................................96
12.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................96
12.2 General Screen ...............................................................................................................................98
Chapter 13
WAN ...................................................................................................................................................101
13.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................101
13.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................101
13.3 What You Need To Know ..............................................................................................................101
13.3.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection ..................................................................................102
13.3.2 Multicast ..............................................................................................................................103
13.4 Internet Connection .......................................................................................................................103
13.4.1 Ethernet Encapsulation .......................................................................................................103
13.4.2 PPPoE Encapsulation .........................................................................................................105
13.4.3 PPTP Encapsulation ............................................................................................................107
13.5 Advanced WAN Screen ................................................................................................................109
Chapter 14
LAN .................................................................................................................................................... 111
14.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 111
14.2 What You Can Do ......................................................................................................................... 111
14.3 What You Need To Know .............................................................................................................. 111
14.3.1 IP Pool Setup ....................................................................................................................... 112
14.3.2 LAN TCP/IP ......................................................................................................................... 112
14.3.3 IP Alias ................................................................................................................................ 112
14.4 LAN IP Screen .............................................................................................................................. 112
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Chapter 15
DHCP Server .....................................................................................................................................114
15.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 114
15.2 What You Can Do ......................................................................................................................... 114
15.3 General Screen ............................................................................................................................. 114
15.4 Advanced Screen ....................................................................................................................... 115
Chapter 16
Network Address Translation (NAT)................................................................................................117
16.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 117
16.2 What You Can Do ......................................................................................................................... 117
16.3 General NAT Screen ..................................................................................................................... 118
16.4 NAT Application Screen .............................................................................................................. 118
16.5 NAT Advanced Screen ..................................................................................................................120
16.5.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example ........................................................................................121
16.5.2 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports ...................................................................122
Chapter 17
Dynamic DNS ....................................................................................................................................123
17.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................123
17.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................123
17.3 What You Need To Know ..............................................................................................................123
17.4 Dynamic DNS Screen .................................................................................................................123
Chapter 18
Static Route.......................................................................................................................................125
18.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................125
18.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................125
18.3 IP Static Route Screen .................................................................................................................125
Chapter 19
Firewall ..............................................................................................................................................127
19.1 Overview .....................................................................................................................................127
19.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................127
19.3 What You Need To Know ..............................................................................................................128
19.4 General Firewall Screen .............................................................................................................128
19.5 MAC Filtering Rule Screen ...........................................................................................................129
19.6 IP Filtering Rule Screen ...............................................................................................................130
Chapter 20
Content Filter ....................................................................................................................................134
20.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................134
20.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................134
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20.3 What You Need To Know ..............................................................................................................134
20.3.1 Content Filtering Profiles .....................................................................................................134
20.4 Content Filter Screen ....................................................................................................................135
Chapter 21
Bandwid th Management....................................................................... ........... .......... .......................136
21.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................136
21.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................136
21.3 What You Need To Know ..............................................................................................................137
21.4 General Screen ............................................................................................................................137
21.5 Advanced Screen .........................................................................................................................137
21.5.1 Rule Configuration: Application Rule Configuration .........................................................139
21.5.2 Rule Configuration: User Defined Service Rule Configuration .........................................140
Chapter 22
Remote Management........................................................................................................................142
22.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................142
22.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................142
22.3 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................142
22.3.1 Remote Management and NAT ...........................................................................................142
22.3.2 System Timeout ..................................................................................................................143
22.4 WWW Screen .............................................................................................................................143
Chapter 23
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)......................................................................................................144
23.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................144
23.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................144
23.3 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................144
23.3.1 NAT Traversal ......................................................................................................................144
23.3.2 Cautions with UPnP .............................................................................................................145
23.4 UPnP Screen ...............................................................................................................................145
23.5 Technical Refereance ....................................................................................................................145
23.5.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example .................................................................................146
23.5.2 Web Configurator Easy Access ...........................................................................................148
Chapter 24
USB Media Sharing...........................................................................................................................151
24.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................151
24.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................152
24.3 What You Need To Know ..............................................................................................................152
24.4 Before You Begin ..........................................................................................................................153
24.5 SMB/CIFS Screen .........................................................................................................................154
24.6 DLNA Screen ................................................................................................................................155
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24.7 FTP Screen ...................................................................................................................................155
24.8 Example of Accessing Your Shared Files From a Computer ........................................................156
24.8.1 Use Windows Explorer to Share Files .................................................................................157
24.8.2 Use FTP to Share Files .......................................................................................................158
Chapter 25
Maintenance......................................................................................................................................160
25.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................160
25.2 What You Can Do .........................................................................................................................160
25.3 General Screen .............................................................................................................................160
25.4 Password Screen ..........................................................................................................................161
25.5 Time Setting Screen ......................................................................................................................162
25.6 Firmware Upgrade Screen ............................................................................................................163
25.7 Configuration Backup/Restore Screen ..........................................................................................164
25.8 Restart Screen ..............................................................................................................................166
Chapter 26
Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................167
26.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ....................................................................................167
26.2 NBG Access and Login .................................................................................................................168
26.3 Internet Access .............................................................................................................................169
26.4 Resetting the NBG to Its Factory Defaults ....................................................................................171
26.5 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting ............................................................................................171
26.6 USB Device Problems ...................................................................................................................172
Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting.......................................................................................174
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address ......................................................................184
Appendix C Wireless LANs..............................................................................................................212
Appendix D Common Services........................................................................................................225
Appendix E Legal Information..........................................................................................................229
Appendix F Customer Support ........................................................................................................239
Index ..................................................................................................................................................245
11
PART I
User’s Guide
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CHAPTER 1
Getting to Know Your NBG
1.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the NBG.
The NBG upgrades the speed of your existing wireless network, providing faster network access to
mobile users. Making use of IEEE 802.11AC technology, it not only upgrades your network to the
next level but also eliminates dead spots, while offering backward compatibility with other IEEE
802.11b/g/n compatible devices.
A range of services such as a firewall and content filtering are also available for secure Internet
computing. You can use media bandwidth management to efficiently manage traffic on your
network. Bandwidth management features allow you to prioritize time-sensitive or highly important
applications such as Voice over the Internet (VoIP).
1.2 Applications
Your can create the following networks using the NBG:
•Wired. You can connect network devices via the Ethernet ports of the NBG so that they can
communicate with each other and access the Internet.
•Wireless. Wireless clients can connect to the NBG to access network resources.
•WAN. Connect to a broadband modem/router for Internet access.
1.3 Ways to Manage the NBG
Use any of the following methods to manage the NBG.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the NBG using a
(supported) web browser.
• Wireless switch. You can use the built-in switch of the NBG to turn the wireless function on and
off without opening the Web Configurator.
• WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) button. You can use the WPS button or the WPS section of the Web
Configurator to set up a wireless network with your NBG.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG
NBG6515 User’s Guide
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1.4 Good Habits for Managing the NBG
Do the following things regularly to make the NBG more secure and to manage the NBG more
effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different
types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier
working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you
forget your password, you will have to reset the NBG to its factory default settings. If you backed
up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the NBG. You could
simply restore your last configuration.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG
NBG6515 User’s Guide
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1.5 LEDs
Figure 1 Front Panel
The following table describes the LEDs and the WPS button.
Table 1 Front Panel LEDs and WPS Button
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
POWER Green On The NBG is receiving power and functioning properly.
Off The NBG is not receiving power.
WAN Green On The NBG has a successful 10/100/1000MB WAN connection.
Blinking The NBG is sending/receiving data through the WAN.
Off The WAN connection is not ready, or has failed.
LAN 1-4 Green On The NBG has a successful 10/100/1000MB Ethernet connection.
Blinking The NBG is sending/receiving data through the LAN.
Off The LAN is not connected.
WLAN 2.4 GHz Green On The NBG is ready, but is not sending/receiving data through the
wireless LAN 2.4 GHz band.
Blinking The NBG is sending/receiving data through the wireless LAN 2.4
GHz band.
Off The wireless LAN 2.4 GHz band is not ready or has failed.
Power LAN 1-4 WLAN
WLAN
WPS
WAN 5GHz
2.4GHz USB
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG
NBG6515 User’s Guide
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1.6 The WPS Button
Your NBG supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless
network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to
configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both
devices must support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure).
Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its
configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device
to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two
minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set
up a secure network by themselves.
For more information on using WPS, see Section 10.3 on page 72.
1.7 Wall Mounting
You may need screw anchors if mounting on a concrete or brick wall.
1Select a position free of obstructions on a wall strong enough to hold the weight of the
device.
2Mark two holes on the wall at the appropriate distance apart for the screws.
WLAN 5 GHz Green On The NBG is ready, but is not sending/receiving data through the
wireless LAN 5 GHz band.
Blinking The NBG is sending/receiving data through the wireless LAN
5 GHz band.
Off The wireless LAN 5 GHz band is not ready or has failed.
USB Green On The NBG has a USB device installed.
Blinking The NBG is transmitting and/or receiving data from routers
through an installed USB device.
Off There is no USB device connected to the NBG.
WPS Green On WPS is enabled.
Blinking The NBG is negotiating a WPS connection with a wireless client.
Off The wireless LAN is not ready or has failed.
Table 1 Front Panel LEDs and WPS Button (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Table 2 Wall Mounting Information
Distance between holes 11 cm
M4 Screws Two
Screw anchors (optional) Two
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG
NBG6515 User’s Guide
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Be careful to avoid damaging pipes or cables located inside the wall
when drilling holes for the screws.
3If using screw anchors, drill two holes for the screw anchors into the wall. Push the
anchors into the full depth of the holes, then insert the screws into the anchors. Do not
insert the screws all the way in - leave a small gap of about 0.5 cm.
If not using screw anchors, use a screwdriver to insert the screws into the wall. Do not
insert the screws all the way in - leave a gap of about 0.5 cm.
4Make sure the screws are fastened well enough to hold the weight of the NBG with the
connection cables.
5Align the holes on the back of the NBG with the screws on the wall. Hang the NBG on the
screws.
Figure 2 Wall Mounting Example
NBG6515 User’s Guide
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CHAPTER 2
Connection Wizard
2.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the wizard setup screens in the Web Configurator.
The Web Configurator’s wizard setup helps you configure your device to access the Internet. Refer
to your ISP for your Internet account information. Leave a field blank if you don’t have that
information.
2.2 Accessing the Wizard
Launch your web browser and type "http://192.168.1.1" as the website address. Type "1234"
(default) as the password and click Login.
Note: The Wizard appears when the NBG is accessed for the first time or when you reset
the NBG to its default factory settings.
The Wizard screen opens. Choose your Language and click Connect to Internet.
Figure 3 Welcome
2.3 Connect to Internet
The NBG offers four Internet connection types. They are Static IP, DHCP, PPPoE, or PPTP
(supported in the next firmware version). The wizard attempts to detect which WAN connection
type you are using.
Chapter 2 Connection Wizard
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Figure 4 Detecting your Internet Connection Type
If the wizard does not detect a connection type, you must select one from the drop-down list box.
Check with your ISP to make sure you use the correct type.
Note: If you get an error message, check your hardware connections. Make sure your
Internet connection is up and running.
The following screen depends on your Internet connection type. Enter the details provided by your
Internet Service Provider (ISP) in the fields (if any).
Figure 5 Internet Connection Type
Your NBG detects the following Internet Connection type.
2.3.1 Connection Type: DHCP
Choose DHCP as the Internet Connection Type when the WAN port is used as a regular
Ethernet. Click Next.
Table 3 Internet Connection Type
CONNECTION
TYPE DESCRIPTION
Static IP Select the Static IP if an administrator assigns the IP address of your computer.
DHCP Select the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) option when the WAN port is used
as a regular Ethernet.
PPPoE Select the PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) option for a dial-up connection.
PPTP Select the PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) option for a dial-up connection, and
your ISP gave you an IP address and/or subnet mask.
Note: PPTP will be supported in the next firmware version.
Chapter 2 Connection Wizard
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Figure 6 Internet Connection Type: DHCP
Note: If you get an error screen after clicking Next, you might have selected the wrong
Internet Connection type. Click Back, make sure your Internet connection is
working and select the right Connection Type. Contact your ISP if you are not sure
of your Internet Connection type.
2.3.2 Connection Type: Static IP
Choose Static IP as the Internet Connection Type if your ISP assigned an IP address for your
Internet connection. Click Next.
Figure 7 Internet Connection Type: Static IP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 4 Internet Connection Type: Static IP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Internet
Connection
Type
Select the Static IP option.
IP Address Enter the IP address provided by your ISP.
Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask in this field.
Default
Gateway
Enter the gateway IP address in this field.
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2.3.3 Connection Type: PPPoE
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) functions as a dial-up connection. PPPoE is an IETF
(Internet Engineering Task Force) standard specifying how a host personal computer interacts with
a broadband modem (for example DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) to achieve access to high-speed data
networks.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing
access control systems (for instance, RADIUS).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let end users access one of multiple network services,
a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create
and offer new IP services for specific users.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both the subscriber and the ISP/carrier, as it
requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the subscriber's site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG (rather than individual computers), the computers on
the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the NBG does that part of the task.
Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LAN's computers will have Internet access.
Figure 8 Internet Connection Type: PPPoE
Primary DNS DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address
and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know
the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The NBG uses a system DNS server
(in the order you specify here) to resolve domain names for DDNS and the time server.
Enter the primary DNS server's IP address in the fields provided.
Secondary DNS Enter the secondary DNS server's IP address in the fields provided.
Exit Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
Back Click this to return to the previous screen.
Next Click this to continue.
Table 4 Internet Connection Type: Static IP (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 2 Connection Wizard
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
2.3.4 Connection Type: PPTP
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables transfers of data from a
remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based
networks.
PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol, and virtual private networking over public networks,
such as the Internet.
Refer to the appendix for more information on PPTP.
The NBG supports one PPTP server connection at any given time.
Note: This Internet connection type will be supported in the next firmware version.
Figure 9 Internet Connection Type: PPTP
The following table describes the fields in this screen
Table 5 Internet Connection Type: PPPoE
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Internet
Connection
Type
Select the PPPoE option for a dial-up connection.
User Name Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
Password Type the password associated with the user name above.
Exit Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
Back Click this to return to the previous screen.
Next Click this to continue.
Table 6 Internet Connection Type: PPTP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Internet
Connection
Type
Select PPTP from the drop-down list box. To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the
User Name and Password fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP
connection.
Dynamic IP Select this radio button if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address.
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The NBG connects to the Internet.
Figure 10 Connecting to the Internet
Note: If the Wizard successfully connects to the Internet, it proceeds to the next step. If
you get an error message, go back to the previous screen and make sure you have
entered the correct information provided by your ISP.
2.4 Router Password
Change the login password in the following screen. Enter the new password and retype it to
confirm. Click Next to proceed with the Wireless Security screen.
Static IP Select this radio button, provided by your ISP to give the NBG a fixed, unique IP address.
PPTP Server IP
Address
Type the server IP address of the PPTP server.
User Name Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
Password Type the password associated with the User Name above.
PPTP Address Type the (static) IP address assigned to you by your ISP.
PPTP Subnet
Mask
Type the subnet mask assigned to you by your ISP (if given).
PPTP Gateway
IP Address
Type the gateway IP address of the PPTP server.
Exit Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
Back Click this to return to the previous screen.
Next Click this to continue.
Table 6 Internet Connection Type: PPTP (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 11 Router Password
2.5 Wireless Security
Configure Wireless Settings. Configure the wireless network settings on your NBG in the following
screen. The fields that show up depend on the kind of security you select.
2.5.1 Wireless Security: No Security
Choose No Security in the Wireless Security screen to let wireless devices within range access
your wireless network.
Figure 12 Wireless Security: No Security
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
2.5.2 Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK security in the Wireless Security screen to set up a password for
your wireless network.
Figure 13 Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Wireless Security: No Security
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless
Network Name
(SSID)
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN.
If you change this field on the NBG, make sure all wireless stations use the same SSID in
order to access the network.
Security mode Select a Security level from the drop-down list box.
Choose None to have no wireless LAN security configured. If you do not enable any wireless
security on your NBG, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is
within range.
Exit Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
Back Click this to return to the previous screen.
Next Click this to continue.
Table 8 Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless
Network Name
(SSID)
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN.
If you change this field on the NBG, make sure all wireless stations use the same SSID in
order to access the network.
Security mode Select a Security level from the drop-down list box.
Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK security to configure a Pre-Shared Key. Choose this
option only if your wireless clients support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK respectively.
Wireless
password
Type from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters. You can set up the most secure wireless
connection by configuring WPA in the wireless LAN screens.
Verify Password Retype the password to confirm.
Exit Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
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Congratulations! Open a web browser, such as Internet Explorer, to visit your favorite website.
Note: If you cannot access the Internet when your computer is connected to one of the
NBG’s LAN ports, check your connections. Then turn the NBG off, wait for a few
seconds then turn it back on. If that does not work, log in to the web configurator
again and check you have typed all information correctly. See the User’s Guide for
more suggestions.
Figure 14 Device is going to restart now
You can also click GO to open the Easy Mode Web Configurator of your NBG.
You have successfully set up your NBG to operate on your network and access the Internet. You are
now ready to connect wirelessly to your NBG and access the Internet.
Back Click this to return to the previous screen.
Next Click this to continue.
Table 8 Wireless Security: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 3
Introducing the Web Configurator
3.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to access the NBG Web Configurator and provides an overview of its
screens.
The Web Configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy setup and
management of the NBG via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions or Safari 2.0 or later versions. The recommended screen resolution
is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in
Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Refer to the Troubleshooting chapter (Chapter 26 on page 167) to see how to make sure these
functions are allowed in Internet Explorer.
3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator
1Make sure your NBG hardware is properly connected and prepare your computer or computer
network to connect to the NBG (refer to the Quick Start Guide).
2Launch your web browser.
3Type "http://192.168.1.1" as the website address.
Your computer must be in the same subnet in order to access this website address.
3.2.1 Login Screen
Note: If this is the first time you are accessing the Web Configurator, you may be
redirected to the Wizard. Refer to Chapter 2 on page 17 for the Connection Wizard
screens.
The Web Configurator initially displays the following login screen.
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Figure 15 Login screen
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
3.2.2 Password Screen
You should see a screen asking you to change your password (highly recommended) as shown
next.
Figure 16 Change Password Screen
Table 9 Login screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Password Type "1234" (default) as the password.
Language Select the language you want to use to configure the Web Configurator. Click Login.
This shows the current weather, either in celsius or fahrenheit, of the city you specify in
Section 3.2.3.1 on page 29.
This shows the time (hh:mm:ss) and date (yyyy:mm:dd) of the timezone you select in
Section 3.2.3.2 on page 29 or Section 25.5 on page 162. The time is in 24-hour format, for
example 15:00 is 3:00 PM.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Note: The management session automatically times out when the time period set in the
Administrator Inactivity Timer field expires (default five minutes; go to Chapter
25 on page 160 to change this). Simply log back into the NBG if this happens.
3.2.3 Home Screen
If you have previously logged into the Web Configurator but did not click Logout, you may be
redirected to the Home screen.
You can also open this screen by clicking Home ( or ) in the Easy Mode or Expert
mode screens.
The Home screen displays as follows.
Figure 17 Home Screen
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 10 Change Password Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
New Password Type a new password.
Retype to Confirm Retype the password for confirmation.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Ignore Click Ignore if you do not want to change the password this time.
Table 11 Home Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Go Click this to open the Easy mode Web Configurator.
Language Select a language to go to the Easy mode Web Configurator.
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3.2.3.1 Weather Edit
You can change the temperature unit and select the location for which you want to know the
weather.
Click the icon to change the Weather display.
Figure 18 Change Weather
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
3.2.3.2 Time/Date Edit
One timezone can cover more than one country. You can choose a particular country in which the
NBG is located and have the NBG display and use the current time and date for its logs.
Click the icon to change the Weather display.
Figure 19 Change Password Screen
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Note: You can also edit the timezone in Section 25.5 on page 162.
(This is just an example). This shows the current weather, either in celsius or fahrenheit, of
the city you specify in Section 3.2.3.1 on page 29.
(This is just an example). This shows the time (hh:mm:ss) and date (yyyy:mm:dd) of the
timezone you select in Section 3.2.3.2 on page 29 or Section 25.5 on page 162.
Table 11 Home Screen (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 12 Change Weather
LABEL DESCRIPTION
oC or oF Choose which temperature unit you want the NBG to display.
Change
Location
Select the location for which you want to know the weather. If the city you want is not listed,
choose one that is closest to it.
Finish Click this to apply the settings and refresh the date and time display.
Ta ble 13 Change Password Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Change time
zone
Select the specific country whose current time and date you want the NBG to display.
Finish Click this to apply the settings and refresh the weather display.
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3.3 Resetting the NBG
If you forget your password or IP address, or you cannot access the Web Configurator, you will need
to use the RESET button at the back of the NBG to reload the factory-default configuration file. This
means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously saved, the password will be reset
to “1234” and the IP address will be reset to “192.168.1.1”.
3.3.1 Procedure to Use the Reset Button
1Make sure the power LED is on.
2Press the RESET button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the NBG.
3Press the RESET button for longer than five seconds to set the NBG back to its factory-default
configurations.
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CHAPTER 4
Monitor
4.1 Overview
This chapter discusses read-only information related to the device state of the NBG.
Note: To access the Monitor screens, you can also click the links in the Summary table of
the Status screen to view the bandwidth consumed, packets sent/received as well
as the status of clients connected to the NBG.
4.2 What You Can Do
•Use the Log (Section 4.3 on page 31) screen to see the logs for the activity on the NBG.
•Use the DHCP Table screen (Section 4.4 on page 32) to view information related to your DHCP
status.
•Use the Packet Statistics screen (Section 4.5 on page 33) to view port status, packet specific
statistics, the "system up time" and so on.
•Use the WLAN 2.4G Station Status screen (Section 4.6 on page 34) to view the wireless
stations that are currently associated to the NBG through the wireless 2.4G network.
•Use the WLAN 5G Station Status screen (Section 4.7 on page 35) to view the wireless stations
that are currently associated to the NBG through the wireless 5G network.
4.3 The Log Screen
The Web Configurator allows you to look at all of the NBG’s logs in one location.
4.3.1 View Log
Use the View Log screen to see the logged messages for the NBG. The log wraps around and
deletes the old entries after it fills. Select what logs you want to see from the Display drop list.
Click Refresh to renew the log screen. Click Clear to delete all the logs.
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Figure 20 View Log
You can configure which logs to display in the View Log screen.
4.4 DHCP Table
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to
obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the NBG’s LAN as a DHCP
server or disable it. When configured as a server, the NBG provides the TCP/IP configuration for the
clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on that network, or else
the computer must be manually configured.
Click the DHCP Table (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. Read-only information here
relates to your DHCP status. The DHCP table shows current DHCP client information (including IP
Address, Host Name and MAC Address) of all network clients using the NBG’s DHCP server.
Figure 21 Summary: DHCP Table
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
4.5 Packet Statistics
Click the Packet Statistics (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. Read-only information
here includes port status, packet specific statistics and the "system up time". The Poll Interval(s)
field is configurable and is used for refreshing the screen.
Figure 22 Summary: Packet Statistics
Ta ble 14 Summary: DHCP Table
LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the index number of the host computer.
MAC Address This field shows the MAC address of the computer with the name in the Host Name field.
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address which uniquely
identifies a device. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of
hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
IP Address This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.
Host Name This field displays the computer host name.
Expires in This field displays the time when the IP address and MAC address association ends.
Refresh Click Refresh to renew the screen.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
4.6 WLAN 2.4G Station Status
Click the WLAN 2.4G Station Status (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. View the
wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG in the Association List. Association
means that a wireless client (for example, your network or computer with a wireless network card)
has connected successfully to the AP (or wireless router) using the same SSID, channel and
security settings.
Figure 23 Summary: Wireless Association List
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 15 Summary: Packet Statistics
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the NBG’s port type.
Status For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or Down when the line is
disconnected.
For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if you’re using Ethernet
encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping
a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays Down when the line is
disconnected.
For WLAN 2.4G/5G, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN 2.4G/5G is
enabled and Down when the WLAN 2.4G/5G is disabled.
TxPkts This is the number of transmitted packets on this port.
RxPkts This is the number of received packets on this port.
Collisions This is the number of collisions on this port.
Tx kb/s This displays the transmission speed in bytes per second on this port.
Rx kb/s This displays the reception speed in bytes per second on this port.
System Up
Time
This is the total time the NBG has been on.
Poll Interval(s) Enter the time interval in seconds for refreshing statistics in this field.
Refresh Now Click Refresh Now to renew the screen.
Ta ble 16 Summary: Wireless Association List
LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the index number of an associated wireless station.
MAC Address This field displays the MAC address of an associated wireless station.
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4.7 WLAN 5G Station Status
Click the WLAN 5G Station Status (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. View the wireless
stations that are currently associated to the NBG in the Association List. Association means that a
wireless client (for example, your network or computer with a wireless network card) has connected
successfully to the AP (or wireless router) using the same SSID, channel and security settings.
Figure 24 Summary: Wireless Association List
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Association
Time
This field displays the time a wireless station first associated with the NBG’s WLAN network.
Refresh Click Refresh to reload the list.
Ta ble 16 Summary: Wireless Association List (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 17 Summary: Wireless Association List
LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the index number of an associated wireless station.
MAC Address This field displays the MAC address of an associated wireless station.
Association
Time
This field displays the time a wireless station first associated with the NBG’s WLAN network.
Refresh Click Refresh to reload the list.
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CHAPTER 5
NBG Modes
5.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the different modes available on your NBG. First, the term “mode” refers to
two things in this User’s Guide.
•Web Configurator mode. This refers to the Web Configurator interface you want to use for
editing NBG features.
•Device mode. This is the operating mode of your NBG, or simply how the NBG is being used in
the network.
5.1.1 Web Configurator Modes
This refers to the configuration interface of the Web Configurator, which has two modes:
•Easy. The Web Configurator shows this mode by default. Refer to Chapter 6 on page 37 for more
information on the screens in this mode. This interface may be sufficient for users who just want
to use the device.
•Expert. Advanced users can change to this mode to customize all the functions of the NBG. Click
Expert Mode after logging into the Web Configurator. The User’s Guide Chapter 3 on page 26
through Chapter 25 on page 160 discusses the screens in this mode.
5.1.2 Device Modes
This refers to the operating mode of the NBG, which can act as a:
•Router. This is the default device mode of the NBG. Use this mode to connect the local network
to another network, like the Internet. Go to Section 7.3 on page 49 to view the Status screen in
this mode.
•Access Point. Use this mode if you want to extend your network by allowing network devices to
connect to the NBG wirelessly. Go to Section 8.4 on page 57 view the Status screen in this
mode.
•Universal Repeater: In this mode, the NBG can be an access point and a wireless client at the
same time. Use this mode if there is an existing wireless router or access point in your network
and you also want to allow clients to connect to the NBG. Go to Section 9.5 on page 64 to view
the Status screen in this mode.
The menu for changing device modes is available in Expert mode only.
Note: Choose your Device Mode carefully to avoid having to change it later.
When changing to another mode, the IP address of the NBG changes. The running applications and
services of the network devices connected to the NBG can be interrupted.
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CHAPTER 6
Easy Mode
6.1 Overview
The Web Configurator is set to Easy Mode by default. You can configure several key features of the
NBG in this mode. This mode is useful to users who are not fully familiar with some features that
are usually intended for network administrators.
When you log in to the Web Configurator, the following screen opens.
Figure 25 Easy Mode: Network Map
Click Status to open the following screen screen.
Network Map
Control Panel
Go to
Status
Screen
Navigation Panel
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Figure 26 Easy Mode: Status Screen
Click NBG6515 to open the pop up menu.
Figure 27 Easy Mode: Pop Up Menu
Control Panel
Status Screen
Go to
Network
Map
Screen
Navigation Panel
Control Panel
Pop Up Menu
Navigation Panel
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6.2 What You Can Do
You can do the following in this mode:
•Use this Navigation Panel (Section 6.4 on page 39) to opt out of the Easy mode.
•Use the Network Map screen (Section 6.5 on page 39) to check if your NBG can ping the
gateway and whether it is connected to the Internet.
•Use the Control Panel (Section 6.6 on page 40) to configure and enable NBG features, including
wireless security, wireless scheduling and bandwidth management and so on.
•Use the Status Screen screen (Section 6.7 on page 47) to view read-only information about the
NBG, including the WAN IP, MAC Address of the NBG and the firmware version.
•Use the Pop Up Menu to refresh the Router or run the eaZy123 wizard (Section 2.2 on page
17).
6.3 What You Need to Know
Between the different device modes, the Control Panel (Section 6.6 on page 40) changes depending
on which features are applicable to the mode:
•Router Mode: All Control Panel features are available.
•Access Point Mode: Only Power Saving and Wireless Security are available.
6.4 Navigation Panel
Use this navigation panel to opt out of the Easy mode.
Figure 28 Navigation Panel
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
6.5 Network Map
Note: The Network MAP is viewable by Windows XP (need to install patch), Windows
Vista and Windows 7 users only. For Windows XP (Service Pack 2) users, you can
see the network devices connected to the NBG by downloading the LLTD (Link
Layer Topology Discovery) patch from the Microsoft Website.
Ta ble 18 Navigation Panel
ITEM DESCRIPTION
Home Click this to go to the Login page.
Expert Mode Click this to change to Expert mode and customize features of the NBG.
Logout Click this to end the Web Configurator session.
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Note: Don’t worry if the Network Map does not display in your web browser. This feature
may not be supported by your system. You can still configure the Control Panel
(Section 6.6 on page 40) in the Easy Mode and the NBG features that you want to
use in the Expert Mode.
When you log into the Network Configurator, the Network Map is shown as follows.
Figure 29 Network Map
The line connecting the NBG to the gateway becomes green when the NBG is able to ping the
gateway. It becomes red when the ping initiating from the NBG does not get a response from the
gateway. The same rule applies to the line connecting the gateway to the Internet.
You can also view the devices (represented by icons indicating the kind of network device)
connected to the NBG, including those connecting wirelessly. Right-click on the NBG icon to refresh
the network map and go to the Wizard. Right click on the other icons to view information about the
device.
6.6 Control Panel
The features configurable in Easy Mode are shown in the Control Panel.
Figure 30 Control Panel
Switch ON to enable the feature. Otherwise, switch OFF. If the feature is turned on, the green light
flashes. If it is turned off, the red light flashes.
Additionally, click the feature to open a screen where you can edit its settings.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
6.6.1 Game Engine
When this feature is enabled, the NBG maximizes the bandwidth for gaming traffic that it forwards
out through an interface.
Ta ble 19 Control Panel
ITEM DESCRIPTION
Game Engine Switch ON to maximize bandwidth for gaming traffic in your network. Otherwise, switch
OFF.
Refer to Section 6.6.1 on page 41 to see this screen.
Power Saving Click this to schedule the wireless feature of the NBG.
Disabling the wireless function helps lower the energy consumption of the NBG.
Switch ON to apply wireless scheduling. Otherwise, switch OFF.
Refer to Section 6.6.2 on page 42 to see this screen.
Content Filter Click this to restrict access to certain websites, based on keywords contained in URLs, to
which you do not want users in your network to open.
Switch ON to apply website filtering. Otherwise, switch OFF.
Refer to Section 6.6.3 on page 43 to see this screen.
Bandwidth
Management
Click this to edit bandwidth management for predefined applications.
Switch ON to have the NBG management bandwidth for uplink and downlink traffic
according to an application or service. Otherwise, switch OFF.
Refer to Section 6.6.4 on page 44 to see this screen.
Firewall Switch ON to ensure that your network is protected from Denial of Service (DoS) attacks.
Otherwise, switch OFF.
Refer to Section 6.6.5 on page 44 to see this screen.
Wireless
Security
Click this to configure the wireless security, such as SSID, security mode and WPS key on
your NBG.
Refer to Section 6.6.6 on page 45 to see this screen.
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Figure 31 Game Engine
Note: When this is switched on, the Game Console tab in the Bandwidth Management
screen is automatically positioned on top.
Turn this off if your network is not using gaming.
Click OK to close this screen.
6.6.2 Power Saving
Use this screen to set the day of the week and time of the day when your wireless LAN is turned on
and off. Wireless LAN scheduling is disabled by default.
Disabling the wireless capability lowers the energy consumption of the of the NBG.
Figure 32 Power Saving
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
6.6.3 Content Filter
Use this screen to restrict access to certain websites, based on keywords contained in URLs, to
which you do not want users in your network to open.
Figure 33 Content Filter
Ta ble 20 Power Saving
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Radio Select the wireless radio to set its power saving settings.
WLAN Status Select On or Off to specify whether the Wireless LAN is turned on or off (depending on
what you selected in the WLAN Status field). This field works in conjunction with the
Day and Except for the following times fields.
Day Select Everyday or the specific days to turn the Wireless LAN on or off.
If you select Everyday you can not select any specific days. This field works in
conjunction with the Except for the following times field.
For the following
times (24-Hour
Format)
Select a begin time using the first set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes and
select an end time using the second set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes. If
you have chosen On earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn on between
the two times you enter in these fields. If you have chosen Off earlier for the WLAN
Status the Wireless LAN will turn off between the two times you enter in these fields.
In this time format, midnight is 00:00 and progresses up to 24:00. For example, 6:00 PM
is 18:00.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Cancel Click Cancel to close this screen.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
6.6.4 Bandwidth Management
Use this screen to set bandwidth allocation to pre-defined services and applications for bandwidth
allocation.
The NBG uses bandwidth management for incoming and outgoing traffic. Rank the services and
applications by dragging them accordingly from High to Low and click Apply. Click Cancel to close
the screen.
Figure 34 Bandwidth Management
6.6.5 Firewall
Enable this feature to protect the network from Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. The NBG blocks
repetitive pings from the WAN that can otherwise cause systems to slow down or hang.
Ta ble 21 Content Filter
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Click Add after you have typed a keyword.
Repeat this procedure to add other keywords. Up to 64 keywords are allowed.
Note: The NBG does not recognize wildcard characters as keywords.
When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get a message telling you
that the content filter is blocking this request.
Delete Highlight a keyword in the text box and click Delete to remove it. The keyword disappears
from the text box after you click Apply.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to close this screen without saving any changes.
Use your mouse
to drag the items
according to how
you want to
prioritze them.
Left-click and
slide up or down.
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Figure 35 Firewall
Click OK to close this screen.
6.6.6 Wireless Security
Use this screen to configure security for your the Wireless LAN. You can enter the SSID and select
the wireless security mode in the following screen.
Note: You can enable the Wireless function of your NBG by first turning on the switch in
the back panel.
Figure 36 Wireless Security
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The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
6.6.7 WPS
Use this screen to add a wireless station to the network using WPS. Click WPS in the Wireless
Security to open the following screen.
Figure 37 Wireless Security: WPS
Ta ble 22 Wireless Security
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Radio Select the wireless radio to set its security setting.
Wireless
Network Name
(SSID)
(Service Set IDentity) The SSID identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is
associated. Wireless stations associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
Security Mode Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK to add security on this wireless network. The wireless
clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as
this device. After you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen.
Select No Security to allow any client to connect to this network without authentication.
Wireless
Password
This field appears when you choose wither WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK as the security mode.
Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive keyboard characters.
Verify Password Type the password again to confirm.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Cancel Click Cancel to close this screen.
WPS Click this to configure the WPS screen.
You can transfer the wireless settings configured here (Wireless Security screen) to
another wireless device that supports WPS.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
6.7 Status Screen in Easy Mode
In the Network Map screen, click Status to view read-only information about the NBG.
Figure 38 Status Screen in Easy Mode
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 23 Wireless Security: WPS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless
Security
Click this to go back to the Wireless Security screen.
WPS Create a secure wireless network simply by pressing a button.
The NBG scans for a WPS-enabled device within the range and performs wireless security
information synchronization.
Note: After you click the WPS button on this screen, you have to press a similar button in the
wireless station utility within 2 minutes. To add the second wireless station, you have
to press these buttons on both device and the wireless station again after the first 2
minutes.
Register Create a secure wireless network simply by entering a wireless client's PIN (Personal
Identification Number) in the NBG’s interface and pushing this button.
Type the same PIN number generated in the wireless station’s utility. Then click Register to
associate to each other and perform the wireless security information synchronization.
Exit Click Exit to close this screen.
Ta ble 24 Status Screen in Easy Mode
ITEM DESCRIPTION
Name This is the name of the NBG in the network. You can change this in the Mainte nance >
General screen in Section 25.3 on page 160.
Time This is the current system date and time.
The date is in YYYY:MM:DD (Year-Month-Day) format. The time is in HH:MM:SS
(Hour:Minutes:Seconds) format.
WAN IP This is the IP address of the WAN port.
MAC Address This is the MAC address of the NBG.
Firmware
Version
This shows the firmware version of the NBG.
The firmware version format shows the trunk version, model code and release number.
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Wireless 2.4G
Network Name
(SSID)
This shows the SSID of the wireless 2.4G network. You can configure this in the Wireless
Security screen (Section 6.6.6 on page 45; Section 11.3.1.1 on page 81).
Security This shows the wireless security used by the NBG for the 2.4G wireless radio.
Wireless 5G
Network Name
(SSID)
This shows the SSID of the wireless 5G network. You can configure this in the Wireless
Security screen (Section 6.6.6 on page 45; Section 11.3.1.1 on page 81).
Security This shows the wireless security used by the NBG for the 5G wireless radio.
Ta ble 24 Status Screen in Easy Mode (continued)
ITEM DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 7
Router Mode
7.1 Overview
The NBG is set to router mode by default. Routers are used to connect the local network to another
network (for example, the Internet). In the figure below, the NBG connects the local network
(LAN1 ~ LAN4) to the Internet.
Figure 39 NBG Network
Note: The Status screen is shown after changing to the Expert mode of the Web
Configurator. It varies depending on the device mode of your NBG.
7.2 What You Can Do
Use the Status screen (Section 7.3 on page 49) to view read-only information about your NBG.
7.3 Status Screen
Click to open the status screen.
Modem
Router
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Figure 40 Status Screen: Router Mode
The following table describes the icons shown in the Status screen.
Table 25 Status Screen Icon Key: Router Mode
ICON DESCRIPTION
Click this icon to view copyright and a link for related product information.
Click this icon to go to Easy Mode. See Chapter 6 on page 37.
Click this to go to the Home page. See Chapter 4 on page 31.
Select a number of seconds or None from the drop-down list box to refresh all screen statistics
automatically at the end of every time interval or to not refresh the screen statistics.
Click this button to refresh the status screen statistics.
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The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen.
Click this icon to see the Status page. The information in this screen depends on the device
mode you select.
Click this icon to see the Monitor navigation menu.
Click this icon to see the Configuration navigation menu.
Click this icon to see the Maintenance navigation menu.
Table 25 Status Screen Icon Key: Router Mode (continued)
ICON DESCRIPTION
Table 26 Status Screen: Router Mode
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Logout Click this at any time to exit the Web Configurator.
Device Information
Host Name This is the Sy stem Name you enter in the Maintenance > General screen. It is for
identification purposes.
Firmware Version This is the firmware version and the date created.
Sys OP Mode This is the device mode (Section 5.1.2 on page 36) to which the NBG is set - Router Mode.
WAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address This shows the WAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the WAN port’s subnet mask.
- Default Gateway This shows the WAN port’s gateway IP address.
- DHCP This shows the LAN port’s DHCP role - Client or Server.
LAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
- DHCP This shows the LAN port’s DHCP role - Server or None.
WLAN 2.4G Information
- MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- SSID This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG in the wireless LAN. The default
SSID is ZyXEL and the last 6 digits of the 2.4G MAC address (for example, ZyXEL734916).
- Channel This shows the channel number which the NBG is currently using over the wireless LAN.
- Security This shows the level of wireless security the NBG is using.
WLAN 5G Information
- MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- SSID This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG in the wireless LAN. The default
SSID is ZyXEL, the last 6 digits of the 5G MAC address, and .speed (for example,
ZyXEL734917.speed).
- Channel This shows the channel number which the NBG is currently using over the wireless LAN.
- Security This shows the level of wireless security the NBG is using.
System Status
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7.3.1 Navigation Panel
Use the sub-menus on the navigation panel to configure NBG features.
Item This column shows the type of data the NBG is recording.
Data This column shows the actual data recorded by the NBG.
System Up Time This is the total time the NBG has been on.
Current Date/Time This field displays your NBG’s present date and time.
System Resource
- CPU Usage This displays what percentage of the NBG’s processing ability is currently used. When this
percentage is close to 100%, the NBG is running at full load, and the throughput is not going
to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should
turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management.)
- Memory Usage This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG is using.
System Setting
- Firewall This shows whether the firewall is enabled or not.
- Bandwidth
Management This shows whether the bandwidth management is enabled or not.
- UPnP This shows whether UPnP is enabled or not.
- Configuration Mode This shows the web configurator mode you are viewing - Expert.
IPv6 Status
Item This column shows the type of data the IPv6 is using.
Data This column shows the actual data used through the IPv6.
Interface Status
Interface This displays the NBG port types. The port types are: WAN, LAN and WLAN.
Status For the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up or
connected).
For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when the WLAN is
disabled.
Rate For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or N/A when the line is
disconnected.
For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if you’re using Ethernet
encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping
a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays N/A when the line is
disconnected.
For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and N/
A when the WLAN is disabled.
Summary
DHCP Table Click Details... to go to the Monitor > DHCP Table screen (Section 4.4 on page 32). Use
this screen to view current DHCP client information.
Packet Statistics Click Details... to go to the Monitor > Packet Stati stics screen (Section 4.5 on page 33).
Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics.
WLAN Station Status Click Details... to go to the Monitor > WLAN 2.4G / 5G Station Status screen (Section
4.7 on page 35). Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated
to the NBG.
Table 26 Status Screen: Router Mode (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 41 Navigation Panel: Router Mode
The following table describes the sub-menus.
Ta ble 27 Navigation Panel: Router Mode
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Status This screen shows the NBG’s general device, system and interface status
information. Use this screen to access the wizard, and summary statistics
tables.
MONITOR
Log Use this screen to view the list of activities recorded by your NBG.
DHCP Table Use this screen to view current DHCP client information.
Packet Statistics Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics.
WLAN 2.4G
Station Status
Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated
to the NBG through the wireless 2.4G network.
WLAN 5G
Station Status
Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated
to the NBG through the wireless 5G network.
CONFIGURATION
Network
Wireless LAN
2.4G General Use this screen to configure wireless 2.4G LAN.
MAC Filter Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG to block access to devices
or block the devices from accessing the NBG.
Advanced This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings.
QoS Use this screen to configure Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of Service (WMM
QoS). WMM QoS allows you to prioritize wireless traffic according to the
delivery requirements of individual services.
WPS Use this screen to configure WPS.
WPS Device Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS.
Scheduling Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled.
Guest WLAN Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the NBG.
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Wireless LAN
5G General Use this screen to configure wireless 5G LAN.
MAC Filter Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG to block access to devices
or block the devices from accessing the NBG.
Advanced This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless settings.
QoS Use this screen to configure Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of Service (WMM
QoS). WMM QoS allows you to prioritize wireless traffic according to the
delivery requirements of individual services.
WPS Use this screen to configure WPS.
WPS Device Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS.
Scheduling Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled.
Guest WLAN Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the NBG.
IPv6 General Use this screen to configure the IPv6 connection type.
WAN Internet
Connection
This screen allows you to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address
assignment, DNS servers and the WAN MAC address.
Advanced Use this screen to configure other advanced properties.
LAN IP Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet mask.
DHCP Server General Use this screen to enable the NBG’s DHCP server.
Advanced Use this screen to assign IP addresses to specific individual computers
based on their MAC addresses and to have DNS servers assigned by the
DHCP server.
NAT General Use this screen to enable NAT.
Application Use this screen to configure servers behind the NBG.
Advanced Use this screen to change your NBG’s port triggering settings.
DDNS General Use this screen to set up dynamic DNS.
Static Route IP Static
Route
Use this screen to configure IP static routes.
Security
Firewall General Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall.
MAC Filtering
Rule
Use the MAC filtering rule screen to configure the NBG to block access to
devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG.
IP Filtering
Rule
Use the IP filtering rule screen to configure the NBG to block access to
devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG.
Content
Filter Use this screen to block certain web features and sites containing certain
keywords in the URL.
Management
Bandwidth
Management General Use this screen to enable bandwidth management.
Advanced Use this screen to set the upstream bandwidth and edit a bandwidth
management rule.
Remote
Management WWW Use this screen to be able to access the NBG from the LAN, WAN or both.
UPnP General Use this screen to enable UPnP on the NBG.
USB SMB/CIFS Use this screen to enable file sharing through the NBG.
DLNA Use this screen to have the NBG function as a DLNA-compliant media
server, that lets DLNA-compliant media clients play video, audio, and photo
content files stored on the connected USB storage device.
FTP Use this screen to have the NBG act as a FTP server.
Ta ble 27 Navigation Panel: Router Mode (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
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MAINTENANCE
General Use this screen to view and change administrative settings such as system
and domain names.
Password Password
Setup
Use this screen to change the password of your NBG.
Time Time Setting Use this screen to change your NBG’s time and date.
Firmware
Upgrade Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG.
Backup
Restore Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or reset the factory
defaults to your NBG.
Restart This screen allows you to reboot the NBG without turning the power off.
Ta ble 27 Navigation Panel: Router Mode (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
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CHAPTER 8
Access Point Mode
8.1 Overview
Use your NBG as an access point (AP) if you already have a router or gateway on your network. In
this mode your NBG bridges a wired network (LAN) and wireless LAN (WLAN) in the same subnet.
See the figure below for an example.
Figure 42 Wireless Internet Access in Access Point Mode
Many screens that are available in Router mode are not available in Access Point mode, such as
bandwidth management and firewall.
Note: See Chapter 10 on page 72 for an example of setting up a wireless network in
Access Point mode.
8.2 What You Can Do
•Use the Status screen (Section 8.4 on page 57) to view read-only information about your NBG.
•Use the LAN screen (Section 8.5 on page 60) to set the IP address for your NBG acting as an
access point.
8.3 What You Need to Know
See Chapter 10 on page 72 for a tutorial on setting up a network with the NBG as an access point.
Router
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8.3.1 Setting your NBG to AP Mode
1Log into the Web Configurator if you haven’t already. See the Quick start Guide for instructions on
how to do this.
2To use your NBG as an access point, switch the physical button which placed at the bottom of the
NBG to the middle place.
Note: You have to log in to the Web Configurator again when you change modes. As soon
as you do, your NBG is already in Access Point mode.
3The Web Configurator refreshes once the change to Access Point mode is successful.
8.3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator in Access Point Mode
Log in to the Web Configurator in Access Point mode, do the following:
1Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG.
2The default IP address of the NBG is “192.168.1.2”. In this case, your computer must have an IP
address in the range between “192.168.1.3” and “192.168.1.254”.
3Click Start > Run on your computer in Windows. Type “cmd” in the dialog box. Enter “ipconfig” to
show your computer’s IP address. If your computer’s IP address is not in the correct range then see
Appendix B on page 184 for information on changing your computer’s IP address.
4After you’ve set your computer’s IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and
type “192.168.1.2” as the web address in your web browser.
Note: After clicking Login, the Easy mode appears. Refer to page 37 for the Easy mode
screens. Change to Expert mode to see the screens described in the sections
following this.
8.3.3 Configuring your WLAN, Bandwidth Management and Maintenance
Settings
The configuration of wireless, bandwidth management and maintenance settings in Access Point
mode is the same as for Router Mode.
•See Chapter 11 on page 80 for information on the configuring your wireless network.
•See Chapter 21 on page 136 for information on configuring your Bandwidth Management screen.
•See Chapter 25 on page 160 to Chapter 25 on page 160 for information on configuring your
Maintenance settings.
8.4 AP Mode Status Screen
Click to open the Status screen.
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Figure 43 Status Screen: Access Point Mode
The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen.
Table 28 Status Screen: Access Point Mode
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Logout Click this at any time to exit the Web Configurator.
Device Information
Host Name This is the Sy stem Name you enter in the Maintenance > General screen. It is for
identification purposes.
Firmware Version This is the firmware version and the date created.
Sys OP Mode This is the device mode (Section 5.1.2 on page 36) to which the NBG is set - Access Point
Mode.
LAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
- DHCP This shows the LAN port’s DHCP role - Server, Client or None.
WLAN 2.4G Information
- MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- SSID This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG in the wireless 2.4G LAN.
- Channel This shows the channel number which you select manually.
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8.4.0.1 Navigation Panel
Use the menu in the navigation panel to configure NBG features in Access Point mode.
The following screen and table show the features you can configure in Access Point mode.
- Security This shows the level of wireless security the NBG is using.
WLAN 5G Information
- MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- SSID This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG in the wireless 5G LAN.
- Channel This shows the channel number which you select manually.
- Security This shows the level of wireless security the NBG is using.
System Status
Item This column shows the type of data the NBG is recording.
Data This column shows the actual data recorded by the NBG.
System Up Time This is the total time the NBG has been on.
Current Date/Time This field displays your NBG’s present date and time.
System Resource
- CPU Usage This displays what percentage of the NBG’s processing ability is currently used. When this
percentage is close to 100%, the NBG is running at full load, and the throughput is not going
to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should
turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management.
- Memory Usage This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG is using.
System Setting
- Configuration Mode This shows the web configurator mode you are viewing - Expert.
Interface Status
Interface This displays the NBG port types. The port types are: LAN, WLAN 2.4G, and WLAN 5G.
Status For the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up or
connected).
For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when the WLAN is
disabled.
Rate For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or N/A when the line is
disconnected.
For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if you’re using Ethernet
encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping
a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays N/A when the line is
disconnected.
For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and N/
A when the WLAN is disabled.
Summary
Packet Statistics Click Details... to go to the Monitor > Packet Statistics screen (Section 4.5 on page 33).
Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics.
WLAN Station Status Click Details... to go to the Monitor > WLAN 2.4G / 5G Station Status screen (Section
4.7 on page 35). Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated
to the NBG.
Table 28 Status Screen: Access Point Mode (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 44 Menu: Access Point Mode
Refer to Table 27 on page 53 for descriptions of the labels shown in the Navigation panel.
8.5 LAN Screen
Use this section to configure your LAN settings while in Access Point mode.
Click Network > LAN to see the screen below.
Note: If you change the IP address of the NBG in the screen below, you will need to log
into the NBG again using the new IP address.
Figure 45 Network > LAN > IP
The table below describes the labels in the screen.
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Ta ble 29 Network > LAN > IP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Get from DHCP
Server
Click this to deploy the NBG as an access point in the network.
When you enable this, the NBG gets its IP address from the network’s DHCP server (for
example, your ISP). Users connected to the NBG can now access the network (i.e., the
Internet if the IP address is given by the ISP).
The Web Configurator may no longer be accessible unless you know the IP address assigned
by the DHCP server to the NBG. You need to reset the NBG to be able to access the Web
Configurator again (see Section 25.7 on page 164 for details on how to reset the NBG).
Also when you select this, you cannot enter an IP address for your NBG in the field below.
Use Defined
LAN IP Address
Click this if you want to specify the IP address of your NBG. Or if your ISP or network
administrator gave you a static IP address to access the network or the Internet.
IP Address Type the IP address in dotted decimal notation. The default setting is 192.168.1.2. If you
change the IP address you will have to log in again with the new IP address.
IP Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG will
automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless
you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG.
Default
Gateway
Enter a Default Gateway IP Address (if your ISP or network administrator gave you one) in
this field.
DNS Assignment
First DNS
Server
Second DNS
Server
Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG's
WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that
the ISP assigns.
Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP
address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to
0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to
User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None
after you click Apply.
Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS
server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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CHAPTER 9
Universal Repeater Mode
9.1 Overview
In universal repeater mode, your NBG can act as an access point and wireless client at the same
time. The NBG can connect to an existing network through another access point and also lets
wireless clients connect to the network through it. This helps you expand wireless coverage when
you have an access point or wireless router already in your network.
In the example below, the NBG (A) is configured as a universal repeater. It has three clients that
want to connect to the Internet. The NBG wirelessly connects to the available access point (B).
Figure 46 Universal Repeater Mode
After the NBG and the access point connect, the NBG acquires its IP address from the access point.
The clients of the NBG can now surf the Internet.
9.2 What You Can Do
•Use the Status screen to view read-only information about your NBG (Section 9.5 on page 64).
•Use the AP Select screen to choose an access point that you want the NBG to connect to. You
should know the security settings of the target AP (Section 9.6 on page 67).
•Use other Wireless LAN screens to configure the wireless settings and wireless security
between the wireless clients and the NBG.
•Use the LAN screen to set the IP address for your NBG acting as an access point (Section 8.5 on
page 60).
9.3 What You Need to Know
With the exception of the Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > AP Select screens, other
configuration screens in Universal Repeater Mode are similar to the ones in Access Point Mode.
AB
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See Chapter 11 on page 80 through switching the physical button which placed at the bottom of the
NBG of this User’s Guide.
9.4 Setting your NBG to Universal Repeater Mode
1Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG.
2The default IP address of the NBG is “192.168.1.2”. In this case, your computer must have an IP
address in the range between “192.168.1.3” and “192.168.1.254”.
3Click Start > Run on your computer in Windows. Type “cmd” in the dialog box. Enter “ipconfig” to
show your computer’s IP address. If your computer’s IP address is not in the correct range then see
Appendix B on page 184 for information on changing your computer’s IP address.
4After you’ve set your computer’s IP address, open a web browser such as Internet Explorer and
type “http://192.168.1.2” as the web address in your web browser.
5Enter “1234” (default) as the password and click Login.
6Type a new password and retype it to confirm, then click Apply. Otherwise, click Ignore.
7The Easy mode appears. Click Expert Mode in the navigation panel.
8To set your NBG to Universal Repeater Mode, switch the physical button which placed at the
bottom of the NBG to the right side.
9You have to log in to the Web Configurator again when you change modes. As soon as you do, your
NBG is already in Universal Repeater mode.
The Web Configurator refreshes once the change to Universal Repeater mode is successful.
9.5 Universal Repeater Mode Status Screen
Click to open the status screen.
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Figure 47 Status: Universal Repeater Mode
The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen.
Table 30 Status Screen: Universal Repeater Mode
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Device Information
Host Name This is the Sy stem Name you enter in the Maintenance > General screen. It is for
identification purposes.
Firmware Version This is the firmware version and the date created.
Sys OP Mode This is the device mode (Section 5.1.2 on page 36) to which the NBG is set - Universal
Repeater Mode.
LAN Information
- MAC Address This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
- DHCP This shows the LAN port’s DHCP role - Client or None.
WLAN 2.4G Information
- MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
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- SSID This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG in the wireless LAN.
- Channel This shows the channel number which you select manually.
- Security This shows the level of wireless security the NBG is using.
- To AP Connection This shows the WLAN station status. If the NBG has successfully connected to an AP or
wireless router, it displays Connected. Otherwise, it displays Disconnected.
- To AP SSID This shows the SSID of the AP or wireless router.
Release_Configuration This button is only available when the NBG has successfully connected to an AP or wireless
router.
Click this button to remove all configured wireless connections and wireless security settings
on the NBG.
- To AP Security This shows the security mode of the AP or wireless router is using.
WLAN 5G Information
- MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- SSID This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG in the wireless LAN.
- Channel This shows the channel number which you select manually.
- Security This shows the level of wireless security the NBG is using.
- To AP Connection This shows the WLAN station status. If the NBG has successfully connected to an AP or
wireless router, it displays Connected. Otherwise, it displays Disconnected.
- To AP SSID This shows the SSID of the AP or wireless router.
Release_Configuration This button is only available when the NBG has successfully connected to an AP or wireless
router.
Click this button to remove all configured wireless connections and wireless security settings
on the NBG.
- To AP Security This shows the security mode of the AP or wireless router is using.
Summary
Packet Statistics Click Details... to go to the Monitor > Packet Statistics screen (Section 4.5 on page 33).
Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics.
WLAN Station Status Click Details... to go to the Monit or > WLAN Stati on Status screen (Section 4.7 on page
35). Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG.
System Status
Item This column shows the type of data the NBG is recording.
Data This column shows the actual data recorded by the NBG.
System Up Time This is the total time the NBG has been on.
Current Date/Time This field displays your NBG’s present date and time.
System Resource
- CPU Usage This displays what percentage of the NBG’s processing ability is currently used. When this
percentage is close to 100%, the NBG is running at full load, and the throughput is not going
to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should
turn off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management.
- Memory Usage This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG is using.
System Setting
- Configuration Mode This shows the web configurator mode you are viewing - Expert.
Interface Status
Interface This displays the NBG port types. The port types are: LAN and WLAN.
Table 30 Status Screen: Universal Repeater Mode (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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9.5.1 Navigation Panel
Use the menu in the navigation panel to configure NBG features in Universal Repeater Mode.
Figure 48 Menu: Universal Repeater Mode
Refer to Table 27 on page 53 for descriptions of the labels shown in the navigation panel.
9.6 AP Select Screen
9.6.1 Wireless LAN 2.4G
Use this screen to choose an access point that you want the NBG to connect to. You should know
the security settings of the target AP.
To open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G > AP Select tab.
Status For the LAN ports, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up or connected).
For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when the WLAN is
disabled.
Rate For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed or N/A when the line is disconnected.
For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN is enabled and N/
A when the WLAN is disabled.
Table 30 Status Screen: Universal Repeater Mode (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 49 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G > AP Select
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 31 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G > AP Select
LABEL DESCRIPTION
NO. This is the index number of the APs.
Select Use the radio button to select the wireless device to which you want to connect.
SSID This displays the Service Set IDentity of the wireless device. The SSID is a unique name
that identifies a wireless network. All devices in a wireless network must use the same
SSID.
MAC This displays the MAC address of the wireless device.
Channel This displays the channel number used by this wireless device.
Mode This displays which IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless networking standards the wireless device
supports.
Security Mode This displays the type of security configured on the wireless device. When No Security is
shown, no security is configured and you can connect to it without a password.
Strength This displays the strength of the wireless signal. The signal strength mainly depends on
the antenna output power and the distance between your NBG and this device.
RSSI This shows the received signal strength indicator (RSSI), that is, the received signal
strength in dBm.
Setup repeater
manually
Select this to setup the AP manually.
SSID If Setup repeater manually is selected, use this field to type the SSID of the AP. This is
useful when the AP’s SSID is hidden.
WPS Click WPS to start WPS-aware wireless station scanning and the wireless security
information synchronization.
Refresh Click this to search for available wireless devices within transmission range and update
this table.
Next Click this to continue.
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After you selected one of APs and click the Next button, the screen will display as below.
Figure 50 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G > AP Select: Connecting Success
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Figure 51 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G > AP Select: Root AP SSID
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.6.2 Wireless LAN 5G
Use this screen to choose an access point that you want the NBG to connect to. You should know
the security settings of the target AP.
To open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN 5G > AP Select tab.
Ta ble 32 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G > AP Select: Connecting Success
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Back Click this to return to the previous screen.
Next Click this to continue.
Ta ble 33 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G > AP Select: Root AP SSID
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Root AP SSID This field displays the specific AP’s SSID which you used through the NBG.
Extender’s SSID This field displays the SSID of the NBG as an extender.
Security This field displays the specific AP’s security mode which you used through the NBG.
Back Click this to return to the previous screen.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG.
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Figure 52 Network > Wireless LAN 5G > AP Select
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 34 Network > Wireless LAN 5G > AP Select
LABEL DESCRIPTION
NO. This is the index number of the APs.
Select Use the radio button to select the wireless device to which you want to connect.
SSID This displays the Service Set IDentity of the wireless device. The SSID is a unique name
that identifies a wireless network. All devices in a wireless network must use the same
SSID.
MAC This displays the MAC address of the wireless device.
Channel This displays the channel number used by this wireless device.
Mode This displays which IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless networking standards the wireless device
supports.
Security Mode This displays the type of security configured on the wireless device. When No Security is
shown, no security is configured and you can connect to it without a password.
Strength This displays the strength of the wireless signal. The signal strength mainly depends on
the antenna output power and the distance between your NBG and this device.
RSSI This shows the received signal strength indicator (RSSI), that is, the received signal
strength in dBm.
Setup repeater
manually
Select this to setup the AP manually.
SSID If Setup repeater manually is selected, use this field to type the SSID of the AP. This is
useful when the AP’s SSID is hidden.
WPS Click WPS to start WPS-aware wireless station scanning and the wireless security
information synchronization.
Refresh Click this to search for available wireless devices within transmission range and update
this table.
Next Click this to continue.
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After you selected one of APs and click the Next button, the screen will display as below.
Figure 53 Network > Wireless LAN 5G > AP Select: Connecting Success
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Figure 54 Network > Wireless LAN 5G > AP Select: Root AP SSID
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 35 Network > Wireless LAN 5G > AP Select: Connecting Success
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Back Click this to return to the previous screen.
Next Click this to continue.
Ta ble 36 Network > Wireless LAN 5G > AP Select: Root AP SSID
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Root AP SSID This field displays the specific AP’s SSID which you used through the NBG.
Extender’s SSID This field displays the SSID of the NBG as an extender.
Security This field displays the specific AP’s security mode which you used through the NBG.
Back Click this to return to the previous screen.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG.
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CHAPTER 10
Tutorials
10.1 Overview
This chapter provides tutorials for your NBG as follows:
•Connecting to the Internet from an Access Point
•Configuring Wireless Security Using WPS
•Enabling and Configuring Wireless Security (No WPS)
•If your connection is successful, open your Internet browser and enter http://www.zyxel.com or
the URL of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your
wireless connection is successfully configured.
10.2 Connecting to the Internet from an Access Point
This section gives you an example of how to set up an access point (AP) and wireless client (a
notebook (B), in this example) for wireless communication. B can access the Internet through the
access point wirelessly.
Figure 55 Wireless Access Point Connection to the Internet
10.3 Configuring Wireless Security Using WPS
This section gives you an example of how to set up wireless network using WPS. This example uses
the NBG as the AP and NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to a notebook.
Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB adapter
or PCI card).
There are two WPS methods for creating a secure connection. This tutorial shows you how to do
both.
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•Push Button Configuration (PBC) - create a secure wireless network simply by pressing a
button. See Section 10.3.1 on page 73.This is the easier method.
•PIN Configuration - create a secure wireless network simply by entering a wireless client's PIN
(Personal Identification Number) in the NBG’s interface. See Section 10.3.2 on page 74. This is
the more secure method, since one device can authenticate the other.
10.3.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC)
1Make sure that your NBG is turned on and that it is within range of your computer.
2Make sure that you have installed the wireless client (this example uses the NWD210N) driver and
utility in your notebook.
3In the wireless client utility, find the WPS settings. Enable WPS and press the WPS button (Start or
WPS button)
4Log into NBG’s Web Configurator and press the Push Button button in the Network > Wireless
LAN 2.4G or Wireless LAN 5G > WPS Device screen.
Note: Your NBG has a WPS button located on its panel, as well as a WPS button in its
configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function; you can use one
or the other.
Note: It doesn’t matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second button
within two minutes of pressing the first one.
The NBG sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two
minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the NBG securely.
The following figure shows you an example to set up wireless network and security by pressing a
button on both NBG and wireless client (the NWD210N in this example).
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Figure 56 Example WPS Process: PBC Method
10.3.2 PIN Configuration
When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both NBG’s configuration interface
and the client’s utilities.
1Launch your wireless client’s configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the PIN method
to get a PIN number.
2Enter the PIN number to the PIN field in the Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G or Wireless LAN
5G > WPS Device screen on the NBG.
3Click Start button (or button next to the PIN field) on both the wireless client utility screen and the
NBG’s WPS Device screen within two minutes.
The NBG authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to the
wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate
with the NBG securely.
The following figure shows you the example to set up wireless network and security on NBG and
wireless client (ex. NWD210N in this example) by using PIN method.
Wireless Client Router
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
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Figure 57 Example WPS Process: PIN Method
10.4 Enabling and Configuring Wireless Security (No WPS)
This example shows you how to configure wireless security settings with the following parameters
on your NBG.
Authentication by PIN
SECURITY INFO
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Wireless Client
Router
COMMUNICATION
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Follow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your NBG.
The instructions require that your hardware is connected (see the Quick Start Guide) and you are
logged into the Web Configurator through your LAN connection (see Section 3.2 on page 26).
1Open the Wireless LAN 2.4G/5 G > General screen in the AP’s Web Configurator.
2Enable Wireless LAN.
3Enter SSID_Example3 as the SSID and select a channel. Set security mode to WPA-PSK and
enter ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey in the Pre-Shared Key field. Click Apply.
Figure 58 Tutorial: Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > General
4Open the Status screen. Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under Device
Information and check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface Status.
SSID SSID_Example3
Channel 6
Security WPA-PSK
(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey)
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Figure 59 Tutorial: Checking Wireless Settings
10.4.1 Configure Your Notebook
Note: We use the ZyXEL M-302 wireless adapter utility screens as an example for the
wireless client. The screens may vary for different models.
1The NBG supports IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n and IEEE 802.11ac wireless clients.
Make sure that your notebook or computer’s wireless adapter supports one of these standards.
2Wireless adapters come with software sometimes called a “utility” that you install on your
computer. See your wireless adapter’s User’s Guide for information on how to do that.
3After you’ve installed the utility, open it. If you cannot see your utility’s icon on your screen, go to
Start > Programs and click on your utility in the list of programs that appears. The utility displays
a list of APs within range, as shown in the example screen below.
4Select SSID_Example3 and click Connect.
Figure 60 Connecting a Wireless Client to a Wireless Network t
5Select WPA-PSK and type the security key in the following screen. Click Next.
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Figure 61 Security Settings
6The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to continue.
Figure 62 Confirm Save
7Check the status of your wireless connection in the screen below. If your wireless connection is
weak or you have no connection, see the Troubleshooting section of this User’s Guide.
Figure 63 Link Status
If your connection is successful, open your Internet browser and enter http://www.zyxel.com or the
URL of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your wireless
connection is successfully configured.
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PART II
Technical Reference
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CHAPTER 11
Wireless LAN
11.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure the wireless network settings in your NBG. See the
appendices for more detailed information about wireless networks.
The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Figure 64 Example of a Wireless Network
The wireless 2.4G network is the part in the blue circle and wireless 5G network is the part in the
green circle. In these wireless networks, devices A, B and C are called wireless clients. The wireless
clients use the access point (AP) to interact with other devices (such as the printer) or with the
Internet.
11.2 What You Can Do
•Use the General screen (Section 11.4 on page 83) to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID
and select the wireless security mode.
•Use the MAC Filter screen (Section 11.6 on page 89) to allow or deny wireless stations based
on their MAC addresses from connecting to the NBG.
A
B
Router
2.4G 5G
C
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•Use the Advanced screen (Section 11.7 on page 90) to allow wireless advanced features, such
as intra-BSS networking and set the RTS/CTS Threshold.
•Use the QoS screen (Section 11.8 on page 91) to set priority levels to services, such as e-mail,
VoIP, chat, and so on.
•Use the WPS screen (Section 11.9 on page 91) to quickly set up a wireless network with strong
security, without having to configure security settings manually.
•Use the WPS Device screen (Section 11.10 on page 92) to add a wireless device using WPS.
•Use the Scheduling screen (Section 11.11 on page 93) to set the times your wireless LAN is
turned on and off.
•Use the Guest WLAN screen (Section 11.12 on page 94) to configure multiple BSSs on the NBG.
11.3 What You Should Know
Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.
The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity.
• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use different channels.
Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or
frequency, to send and receive information.
• Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP.
Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the
information that is sent in the wireless network.
11.3.1 Wireless Security Overview
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless
network.
11.3.1.1 SSID
Normally, the AP acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the
SSID instead, in which case the AP does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change
the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess.
This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized devices to
get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized devices can still see the information that is sent in the
wireless network.
11.3.1.2 MAC Address Filter
Every wireless client has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is
usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or
1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds
of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
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00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each wireless client, see the appropriate User’s
Guide or other documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the AP which wireless clients are allowed or not allowed to
use the wireless network. If a wireless client is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to
have the correct settings (SSID, channel, and security). If a wireless client is not allowed to use the
wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct settings.
This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the MAC address of an authorized
wireless client. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.
11.3.1.3 Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless
network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot
understand the message.
The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of user authentication.
Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every wireless client in the wireless
network supports. Suppose the wireless network has two wireless clients. Device A only supports
WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA-PSK. Therefore, you should set up WEP in the wireless
network.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK or stronger encryption.
IEEE 802.1x and WEP encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible
for unauthorized devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly.
When you select WPA2-PSK in your NBG, you can also select an option (WPA Compatible) to
support WPA as well. In this case, if some wireless clients support WPA and some support WPA2,
you should set up WPA2-PSK (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the
WPA Compatible option in the NBG.
Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer
the key, the stronger the encryption. Every wireless client in the wireless network must have the
same key.
11.3.1.4 WPS
WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance. WPS
allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure
security settings manually. Depending on the devices in your network, you can either press a
button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (Personal Identification
Number) in the devices. Then, they connect and set up a secure network by themselves. See how
to set up a secure wireless network using WPS in the Section 10.3 on page 72.
Ta ble 37 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication
NO AUTHENTICATION
Weakest No Security
WEP
WPA-PSK
Strongest WPA2-PSK
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11.3.1.5 WDS
Wireless Distribution System or WDS security is used between bridged APs. It is independent of the
security between the wired networks and their respective APs. If you do not enable WDS security,
traffic between APs is not encrypted. When WDS security is enabled, both APs must use the same
pre-shared key.
11.4 General Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G General Screen
Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN 2.4G or 5G, enter the SSID and enable Guest WLAN.
Note: If you are configuring the NBG from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and
you change the NBG’s SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your
wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the
wireless settings of your computer to match the NBG’s new settings.
This screen varies depending on whether you chose Static WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPA-PSK or
WPA2-PSK to add security on the selected wireless network. The wireless clients which want to
associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as the NBG. No Security
allows any client to connect to this network without authentication.
If you enable the WPS function, only No Security, Static WEP, WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK are
available in this field.
Click Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G or Wireless LAN 5G to open the General screen.
Figure 65 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > General
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The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
Ta ble 38 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Setup
Wireless LAN Select the radio button to Enable or Disable Wireless LAN.
You can turn the wireless LAN on or off using the switch at the rear panel of the NBG.
Network Name
(SSID)
(Service Set IDentity) The SSID identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is
associated. Wireless stations associating to the NBG must have the same SSID. Enter a
descriptive name (up to 32 keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot
obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Channel
Selection
Set the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region.
Select a channel from the drop-down list box. The options vary depending on the frequency
band and the country you are in.
Refer to the Connection Wizard chapter for more information on channels. This option is
only available if Auto Channel Sele ction is disabled.
Operating
Channel
This displays the channel the NBG is currently using.
Network Mode
(Wireless LAN
2.4G)
Select 11b/g mixed mode to allow IEEE802.11b and IEEE802.11g compliant WLAN
devices to associate with the NBG.
Select 11b onl y to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate with the
NBG.
Select 11g onl y to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the
NBG.
Select 11n on ly to allow only IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the
NBG.
Select 11b/g/n mixed mode to allow IEEE802.11b, IEEE802.11g and IEEE802.11n
compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NBG.
Network Mode
(Wireless LAN
5G)
Select 11a/n mixed mode to allow IEEE802.11a and IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN
devices to associate with the NBG.
Select 11a on ly to allow only IEEE 802.11a compliant WLAN devices to associate with the
NBG.
Select 11ac/a/n to allow only IEEE 802.11a, IEEE802.11an and IEEE802.11ac compliant
WLAN devices to associate with the NBG.
Channel
Bandwidth
Select the channel bandwidth you want to use for your wireless network.
It is recommended that you select 20/40 (20, 40, 20/40 MHz).
Select 20 MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your
neighborhood.
Extension
Channel
This is set to Auto by default.
If you select 20/40 as your Channel Bandwidth, the extension channel enables the NBG
to get higher data throughput. This also lowers radio interference and traffic.
Security
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See the rest of this chapter for information on the other labels in this screen.
11.5 General Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G Security Screen
This screen varies depending on whether you chose Static WEP, WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK to add
security on the selected wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this
network must have same wireless security settings as the NBG. No Security allows any client to
connect to this network without authentication.
11.5.1 No Security
Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any
data encryption.
Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your NBG, your network is accessible
to any wireless networking device that is within range.
Figure 66 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > General: No Security
Security Mode Select Static WEP, WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK to add security on this wireless network. The
wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security
settings as this device. After you select to use a security, additional options appears in this
screen. Section 11.5 on page 85 for detailed information on different security modes. Or you
can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without authentication.
Note: If the WPS function is enabled (default), only No Security and WPA2-PSK are
available in this field.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Ta ble 38 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > General (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Refer to Table 38 on page 84 for descriptions of the other labels in this screen.
11.5.2 WEP Encryption
WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points
to keep network communications private. It encrypts unicast and multicast communications in a
network. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key.
Your NBG allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can be
enabled at any one time.
In order to configure and enable WEP encryption, click Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G or
Wireless LAN 5G to display the General screen. Select Static WEP from the Security Mode list.
Ta ble 39 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > General: No Security
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Mode Choose No Security from the drop-down list box.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Figure 67 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > General: Static WEP
The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Ta ble 40 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > General: Static WEP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Mode Select Static WEP to enable data encryption.
PassPhrase Enter a Passphrase (up to 26 printable characters) and click Generate.
A passphrase functions like a password. In WEP security mode, it is further converted by the
NBG into a complicated string that is referred to as the “key”. This key is requested from all
devices wishing to connect to a wireless network.
WEP Encryption Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP.
This dictates the length of the security key that the network is going to use.
Authentication
Method
Select Auto or Shared Key from the drop-down list box.
This field specifies whether the wireless clients have to provide the WEP key to login to the
wireless client. Keep this setting at Auto unless you want to force a key verification before
communication between the wireless client and the NBG occurs.
Select Shared Key to force the clients to provide the WEP key prior to communication.
ASCII Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as WEP key.
Hex Select this option in order to enter hexadecimal characters as a WEP key.
The preceding "0x", that identifies a hexadecimal key, is entered automatically.
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Refer to Table 38 on page 84 for descriptions of the other labels in this screen.
11.5.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
Click Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G or Wireless LAN 5G to display the General screen. Select
WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list.
Figure 68 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G> General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Key 1 to Key 4 The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NBG and the wireless stations must use
the same WEP key for data transmission.
If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters
("0-9", "A-F").
If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters
("0-9", "A-F").
You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any one time.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Ta ble 40 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > General: Static WEP (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 41 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Mode Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK to enable data encryption.
WPA
Compatible
This field appears when you choose WPA-PSK2 as the Security Mode.
Check this field to allow wireless devices using WPA-PSK security mode to connect to your
NBG.
Pre-Shared Key WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password for authentication.
Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive keyboard characters.
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Refer to Table 38 on page 84 for descriptions of the other labels in this screen.
11.6 MAC Filter
The MAC filter screen allows you to configure the NBG to give exclusive access to devices (Allow) or
exclude devices from accessing the NBG (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media
Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of
hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC address of
the devices to configure this screen.
To change your NBG’s MAC filter settings, click Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G or Wireless LAN
5G > MAC Filter. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 69 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > MAC Filter
The following table describes the labels in this menu.
Group Key
Update Timer
The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP sends a new group key out to all
clients.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Ta ble 41 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 42 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > MAC Filter
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Access Policy
Policy Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address table.
Select Allow to permit access to the NBG, MAC addresses not listed will be denied access
to the NBG.
Select Disable to block access to the NBG, MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to
access the NBG
Add a station
Mac Address
Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to the
NBG in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that
is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc. Click Add.
MAC Filter Summary
Delete Click the delete icon to remove the MAC address from the list.
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11.7 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen
Use this screen to allow wireless advanced features, such as intra-BSS networking and set the
RTS/CTS Threshold
Click Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G or Wireless LAN 5G > Advanced. The screen appears as
shown.
Figure 70 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
MAC Address This is the MAC address of the wireless station that are allowed or denied access to the
NBG.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Ta ble 42 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > MAC Filter (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 43 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Advanced Setup
RTS/CTS
Threshold
Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS
(Clear To Send) handshake.
Fragmentation
Threshold
The threshold (number of bytes) for the fragmentation boundary for directed messages. It is
the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter an even number.
Enable Intra-
BSS Traffic
Blocking
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or
between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled,
wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other.
When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but
cannot communicate with each other.
Output Power Set the output power of the NBG in this field. If there is a high density of APs in an area,
decrease the output power of the NBG to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of
the following 100%, 90%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 10% or Minimum. See the product
specifications for more information on your NBG’s output power.
HT (High Throughput) Physical Mode - Use the fields below to configure the 802.11 wireless environment of
your NBG.
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11.8 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen
The QoS screen allows you to automatically give a service (such as VoIP and video) a priority level.
Click Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G or Wireless LAN 5G > QoS. The following screen appears.
Figure 71 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > QoS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
11.9 WPS Screen
Use this screen to enable/disable WPS, view or generate a new PIN number and check current WPS
status. To open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G or Wireless LAN 5G > WPS
tab.
Guard Interval Select Auto to increase data throughput. However, this may make data transfer more prone
to errors.
Select Long to prioritize data integrity. This may be because your wireless network is busy
and congested or the NBG is located in an environment prone to radio interference.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Ta ble 43 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > Advanced (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 44 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > QoS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable WMM
QoS
Check this to have the NBG automatically give a service a priority level according to the ToS
value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia Quality of Service)
gives high priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Figure 72 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > WPS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
11.10 WPS Device Screen
Use this screen when you want to add a wireless station using WPS. To open this screen, click
Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G or Wireless LAN 5G > WPS Station tab.
Ta ble 45 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > WPS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WPS Setup
Enable WPS Select this to enable the WPS feature.
Enable PIN Select this to enable the WPS feature.
PIN Number This displays a PIN number last time system generated. Click Generate to generate a
new PIN number.
WPS Status
Status This displays Configured when the NBG has connected to a wireless network using WPS
or when Enable WPS is selected and wireless or wireless security settings have been
changed. The current wireless and wireless security settings also appear in the screen.
This displays Unconfigured if WPS is disabled and there are no wireless or wireless
security changes on the NBG or you click Release_Configuration to remove the
configured wireless and wireless security settings.
Release
Configuration
This button is only available when the WPS status displays Configured.
Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS
connections on the NBG.
802.11 Mode This is the 802.11 mode used. Only compliant WLAN devices can associate with the NBG.
SSID This is the name of the wireless network.
Security This is the type of wireless security employed by the network.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Note: Note: After you click Push Button on this screen, you have to press a similar
button in the wireless station utility within 2 minutes. To add the second wireless
station, you have to press these buttons on both device and the wireless station
again after the first 2 minutes.
Figure 73 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > WPS Device
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
11.11 Scheduling Screen
Use this screen to set the times your wireless LAN is turned on and off. Wireless LAN scheduling is
disabled by default. The wireless LAN can be scheduled to turn on or off on certain days and at
certain times. To open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G or Wireless LAN 5G >
Scheduling tab.
Ta ble 46 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > WPS Station
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WPS Use this button when you use the PBC (Push Button Configuration) method to configure
wireless stations’s wireless settings. See Section 10.3.1 on page 73.
Click this to start WPS-aware wireless station scanning and the wireless security information
synchronization.
Or input your
devices PIN
number
Use this button when you use the PIN Configuration method to configure wireless station’s
wireless settings. See Section 10.3.2 on page 74.
Type the same PIN number generated in the wireless station’s utility. Then click Go to
associate to each other and perform the wireless security information synchronization.
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Figure 74 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > Scheduling
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
11.12 Guest WLAN Screen
This screen allows you to enable and configure multiple wireless networks and guest wireless
network settings on the NBG.
You can configure up to four SSIDs to enable multiple BSSs (Basic Service Sets) on the NBG. This
allows you to use one access point to provide several BSSs simultaneously. You can then assign
varying security types to different SSIDs. Wireless clients can use different SSIDs to associate with
the same access point.
Ta ble 47 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > Scheduling
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless LAN Scheduling
Enable Wireless
LAN Scheduling
Select this to enable Wireless LAN scheduling.
Scheduling
WLAN Status Select On or Off to specify whether the Wireless LAN is turned on or off. This field works in
conjunction with the Day and For the following times fields.
Day Select Everyday or the specific days to turn the Wireless LAN on or off. If you select
Everyday you can not select any specific days. This field works in conjunction with the For
the following times field.
For the
following times
(24-Hour
Format)
Select a begin time using the first set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes and
select an end time using the second set of hour and minute (min) drop down boxes. If you
have chosen On earlier for the WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn on between the two
times you enter in these fields. If you have chosen Off earlier for the WLAN Status the
Wireless LAN will turn off between the two times you enter in these fields.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Click Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > Guest WLAN. The following screen displays.
Figure 75 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G/5G > Guest WLAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 48 Network > Wireless LAN 2.4G > Guest WLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Guest WLAN Setup
Guest WLAN Select Enable to activate the guest wireless LAN. Select Disable to turn it off.
Network
Name(SSID)
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless client is
associated. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable characters found on a typical
English language keyboard) for the wireless LAN.
Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot
obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Guest IP
Address
Type an IP address for the devices on the Guest WLAN using this as the gateway IP address.
Guest Subnet
Mask
Type the subnet mask for the guest wireless LAN.
Guest Start IP This field displays the first IP address of guest wireless LAN.
Guest End IP This field displays the last IP address of guest wireless LAN.
Security
Security Mode Select Static WEP, WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK to add security on this wireless network. The
wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security
settings as this device. After you select to use a security, additional options appears in this
screen. Section 11.5 on page 85 for detailed information on different security modes. Or you
can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without authentication.
Note: If the WPS function is enabled (default), only No Security and WPA2-PSK are
available in this field.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER 12
IPv6
12.1 IPv6 Overview
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to enhance IP address size and features. The
increase in IPv6 address size to 128 bits (from the 32-bit IPv4 address) allows up to 3.4 x 1038 IP
addresses.
Use the IPv6 screens to configure the IP address for your NBG on the LAN or on the WAN.
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
•Use the General screen (Section 12.2 on page 98) to configure the IPv6 connection type.
12.1.2 What You Need to Know
IPv6 Addressing
An 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This
is an example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can
be written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can
only appear once in an IPv6 address. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be
written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015,
2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
Prefix and Prefix Length
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An
IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address
compose the network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For
example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) from the left is the network prefix.
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Link-local Address
A link-local address uniquely identifies a device on the local network (the LAN). It is similar to a
“private IP address” in IPv4. You can have the same link-local address on multiple interfaces on a
device. A link-local unicast address has a predefined prefix of fe80::/10. The link-local unicast
address format is as follows.
Subnet Masking
Both an IPv6 address and IPv6 subnet mask compose of 128-bit binary digits, which are divided
into eight 16-bit blocks and written in hexadecimal notation. Hexadecimal uses four bits for each
character (1 ~ 10, A ~ F). Each block’s 16 bits are then represented by four hexadecimal
characters. For example, FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FC00:0000:0000:0000.
Stateless Autoconfiguration
With stateless autoconfiguration in IPv6, addresses can be uniquely and automatically generated.
Unlike DHCPv6 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version six) which is used in IPv6 stateful
autoconfiguration, the owner and status of addresses don’t need to be maintained by a DHCP
server. Every IPv6 device is able to generate its own and unique IP address automatically when
IPv6 is initiated on its interface. It combines the prefix and the interface ID (generated from its own
Ethernet MAC address) to form a complete IPv6 address.
When IPv6 is enabled on a device, its interface automatically generates a link-local address
(beginning with fe80).
When the NBG’s WAN interface is connected to an ISP with a router and the NBG is set to
automatically obtain an IPv6 network prefix from the router for the interface, it generates another
address which combines its interface ID and global and subnet information advertised from the
router. (In IPv6, all network interfaces can be associated with several addresses.) This is a routable
global IP address.
Prefix Delegation
Prefix delegation enables an IPv6 router (the NBG) to use the IPv6 prefix (network address)
received from the ISP (or a connected uplink router) for its LAN. The NBG uses the received IPv6
prefix (for example, 2001:db2::/48) to generate its LAN IP address. Through sending Router
Advertisements (RAs) regularly by multicast, the router passes the IPv6 prefix information to its
LAN hosts. The hosts then can use the prefix to generate their IPv6 addresses.
IPv6 Router Advertisement
An IPv6 router sends router advertisement messages periodically to advertise its presence and
other parameters to the hosts in the same network.
Ta ble 49 Link-local Unicast Address Format
1111 1110 10 0 Interface ID
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
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DHCPv6
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6, RFC 3315) is a server-client protocol
that allows a DHCP server to assign and pass IPv6 network addresses, prefixes and other
configuration information to DHCP clients. DHCPv6 servers and clients exchange DHCP messages
using UDP.
Each DHCP client and server has a unique DHCP Unique IDentifier (DUID), which is used for
identification when they are exchanging DHCPv6 messages. The DUID is generated from the MAC
address, time, vendor assigned ID and/or the vendor's private enterprise number registered with
the IANA. It should not change over time even after you reboot the device.
12.2 General Screen
Use this screen to configure the IP address for your NBG. Click Network > IPv6 > General.
Figure 76 Network > IPv6 > General
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 50 Network > IPv6 > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Connection Type Setup
IPv6
Connection
Type
Select Link Local Only to use the link-local address which uniquely identifies a device on
the local network (the LAN).
Select Static IPv6 if you have a fixed IPv6 address assigned by your ISP.
Select DHCPv6 if you want to obtain an IPv6 address from a DHCPv6 server.
WAN IPv6 Address Setup
This is available only when you select Static IPv6 in the IPv6 Connection Type field.
IPv6 Address Enter the IPv6 address on the WAN side in this field.
Subnet Prefix
Length
Enter the address prefix length to specify how many most significant bits in an IPv6 address
compose the network address.
Gateway IP
Address Enter the IPv6 address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the
same segment as your NBG's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to their
destinations.
First DNS
Server
Second DNS
Server
Specify the DNS server IPv6 address assigned by the ISP.
IPv6 DNS Setup
This is available only when you select DHCPv6 in the IPv6 Connection Type field.
DNS Setup Select From ISP to have the NBG get the IPv6 DNS server addresses from the ISP
automatically.
Select User-Defined to have the NBG use the IPv6 DNS server addresses you configure
manually.
First DNS
Server
Enter the first IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Second DNS
Server
Enter the second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
LAN IPv6 Address Setup
Enable DHCP-
PD
Select this option to use DHCPv6 prefix delegation. The NBG will obtain an IPv6 prefix from
the ISP or a connected uplink router for the LAN.
LAN IPv6
Address
Enter the IPv6 address for the NBG on the LAN.
LAN IPv6 Link-
local Address
This displays the IPv6 link-local address on the NBG interfaces in the LAN.
Address Auto configuration Setup
This is not available when you select Link Local Only in the IPv6 Connection Type field.
Enable Address
Auto
configuration
Select this option if you want the devices on your local area network to obtain network
address that are not managed by a DHCPv6 server.
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Type Select SLAAC + RDNSS to enable IPv6 stateless auto-configuration on this interface. The
interface will generate an IPv6 IP address itself from a prefix obtained from an IPv6 router
in the network.
Select SLAAC + Stateless DHCPv6 to enable IPv6 stateless auto-configuration on this
interface. The interface will get an IPv6 address from an IPv6 router and the DHCP server.
The IP address information gets through DHCPv6.
Select Stateful to allow a DHCP server to assign and pass IPv6 network addresses, prefixes
and other configuration information to DHCP clients.
Router
Advertisement
Lifetime
Specify how long (in minutes) the IPv6 addresses remain valid.
Address (start) If you select Stateful in the Type field, specify the range of IPv6 addresses from which the
DHCPv6 server assigns to the clients. Enter the smallest value of the last block of the IPv6
addresses which are to be allocated.
Address (end) If you select Stateful in the Type field, specify the range of IPv6 addresses from which the
DHCPv6 server assigns to the clients. Enter the largest value of the last block of the IPv6
addresses which are to be allocated.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Ta ble 50 Network > IPv6 > General (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 13
WAN
13.1 Overview
This chapter discusses the NBG’s WAN screens. Use these screens to configure your NBG for
Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the
Internet. It connects your private networks such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other
networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 77 LAN and WAN
13.2 What You Can Do
•Use the Internet Connection screen (Section 13.4 on page 103) to enter your ISP information
and set how the computer acquires its IP, DNS and WAN MAC addresses.
•Use the Advanced screen (Section 13.5 on page 109) to enable multicasting, configure Windows
networking and bridge.
13.3 What You Need To Know
The information in this section can help you configure the screens for your WAN connection, as well
as enable/disable some advanced features of your NBG.
Router
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13.3.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection
Encapsulation Method
Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set
up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your
ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP
over Ethernet) or PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol), they should also provide a username
and password (and service name) for user authentication.
WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the NBG, which makes it accessible from an outside
network. It is used by the NBG to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be
static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the NBG tries to access the Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and
DNS server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP
encapsulation method).
DNS Server Address Assignment
Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice
versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely
important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access
it.
The NBG can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
1The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you
sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields.
2If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the NBG’s WAN IP
address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP.
WAN MAC Address
The MAC address screen allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the
factory default or cloning the MAC address from a computer on your LAN. Choose Factory Default
to select the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Otherwise, click Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of
the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the
address will be copied to configuration file. It is recommended that you clone the MAC address prior
to hooking up the WAN Port.
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13.3.2 Multicast
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient)
or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of
hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1.
Figure 78 Multicast Example
In the multicast example above, systems A and D comprise one multicast group. In multicasting,
the server only needs to send one data stream and this is delivered to systems A and D.
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership
in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. The NBG supports both IGMP version 1
(IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2 (IGMP-v2).
At start up, the NBG queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After
that, the NBG periodically updates this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the
NBG LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the Web Configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to disable IP
multicasting on these interfaces.
13.4 Internet Connection
Use this screen to change your NBG’s Internet access settings. Click WAN from the Configuration
menu. The screen differs according to the encapsulation you choose.
13.4.1 Ethernet Encapsulation
This screen displays when you select Ethernet encapsulation.
Router
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Figure 79 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 51 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Encapsulation You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet.
WAN IP Address Assignment
Get
automatically
from ISP
(Default)
Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default
selection.
Use Fixed IP
Address
Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Us e Fixed IP Addr ess.
IP Subnet
Mask Enter the IP Subn et Mask in this field.
Gateway IP
Address Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field.
MTU Size Enter the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) or the largest packet size per frame that your
NBG can receive and process.
WAN DNS Assignment
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13.4.2 PPPoE Encapsulation
The NBG supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC
2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable,
wireless, etc.) connection. The PPP over Ethernet option is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing
access control systems (for example Radius).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a
function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and
offer new IP services for individuals.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no
specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG (rather than individual computers), the computers on
the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the NBG does that part of the task.
Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.
First DNS
Server
Second DNS
Server
Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG's
WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that
the ISP assigns.
Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP
address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to
0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice
to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to
None after you click Apply.
Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS
server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.
WAN MAC
Address
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either
using the NBG’s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or
manually entering a MAC address.
Factory default Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Clone the
computer’s
MAC address -
IP Address
Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the
computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Ta ble 51 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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This screen displays when you select PPPoE encapsulation.
Figure 80 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 52 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Encapsulation Select PPP over Ethernet if you connect to your Internet via dial-up.
Service Name
User Name Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
Password Type the password associated with the user name above.
Retype to
Confirm
Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly.
MTU Size Enter the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) or the largest packet size per frame that your
NBG can receive and process.
Nailed-Up
Connection
Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time out.
Idle Timeout
(min)
This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the router automatically
disconnects from the PPPoE server.
WAN DNS Assignment
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13.4.3 PPTP Encapsulation
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data
from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-
based networks.
PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol and virtual private networking over public networks, such
as the Internet.
Note: PPTP will be supported in the next firmware version.
First DNS Server
Second DNS
Server
Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG's
WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address
that the ISP assigns.
Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's
IP address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address
set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second
choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined
changes to None after you click Apply.
Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS
server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.
WAN MAC
Address
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by using
the NBG’s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or
manually entering a MAC address.
Factory default Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Clone the
computer’s MAC
address - IP
Address
Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of
the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Ta ble 52 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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This screen displays when you select PPTP encapsulation.
Figure 81 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 53 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Encapsulation To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the User Name and Password fields for a
PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection.
User Name Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
Password Type the password associated with the User Name above.
Retype to
Confirm
Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is correctly.
Nailed-up
Connection
Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time out.
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13.5 Advanced WAN Screen
Use this screen to enable Multicast.
Note: The categories shown in this screen are independent of each other.
Idle Timeout
(min)
This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the NBG automatically
disconnects from the PPTP server.
PPTP Configuration
Server IP
Address
Type the IP address of the PPTP server.
Get
automatically
from ISP
Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default
selection.
Use Fixed IP
Address
Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address.
IP Subnet
Mask Your NBG will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you
assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the
NBG.
Gateway IP
Address Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field.
MTU Size Enter the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) or the largest packet size per frame that your
NBG can receive and process.
WAN DNS Assignment
First DNS
Server
Second DNS
Server
Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG's
WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that
the ISP assigns.
Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP
address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to
0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice
to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to
None after you click Apply.
Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS
server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.
WAN MAC
Address
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either
using the NBG’s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or
manually entering a MAC address.
Factory default Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC Address.
Clone the
computer’s
MAC address -
IP Address
Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter the IP address of the
computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Ta ble 53 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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To change your NBG’s advanced WAN settings, click Network > WAN > Advanced. The screen
appears as shown.
Figure 82 Network > WAN > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 54 Network > WAN > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Multicast Setup
Multicast Select IGMPv1/v2 to enable multicasting. This applies to traffic routed from the WAN to
the LAN.
Select None to disable this feature. This may cause incoming traffic to be dropped or sent
to all connected network devices.
Auto-Subnet Configuration
None Select this option to have the NBG do nothing when it gets a WAN IP address in the range of
192.168.x.y (where x and y are from zero to nine) or in the same subnet as the LAN IP
address.
Enable Auto-IP-
Change mode
Select this option to have the NBG change its LAN IP address to 10.0.0.1 or 192.168.1.1
accordingly when the NBG gets a dynamic WAN IP address in the same subnet as the LAN IP
address 192.168.1.1 or 10.0.0.1.
The NAT, DHCP server and firewall functions on the NBG are still available in thismode.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER 14
LAN
14.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to configure LAN settings.
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are
attached. A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or
floor of a building. The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server, manage IP
addresses, and partition your physical network into logical networks.
Figure 83 LAN Example
The LAN screens can help you manage IP addresses.
14.2 What You Can Do
•Use the IP screen (Section 14.4 on page 112) to change the IP address for your NBG.
14.3 What You Need To Know
The actual physical connection determines whether the NBG ports are LAN or WAN ports. There are
two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as
shown next.
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Figure 84 LAN and WAN IP Addresses
The LAN parameters of the NBG are preset in the factory with the following values:
• IP address of 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
• DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33.
These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS
server address(es), read the embedded Web Configurator help regarding what fields need to be
configured.
14.3.1 IP Pool Setup
The NBG is pre-configured with a pool of 32 IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33 to
192.168.1.64. This configuration leaves 31 IP addresses (excluding the NBG itself) in the lower
range (192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.32) for other server computers, for instance, servers for mail,
FTP, TFTP, web, etc., that you may have.
14.3.2 LAN TCP/IP
The NBG has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems
that support DHCP client capability.
14.3.3 IP Alias
IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same
Ethernet interface. The NBG supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet
interface with the NBG itself as the gateway for each LAN network.
14.4 LAN IP Screen
Use this screen to change the IP address for your NBG. Click Network > LAN > IP.
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Figure 85 Network > LAN > IP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 55 Network > LAN > IP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Address Type the IP address of your NBG in dotted decimal notation.
IP Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG will
automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless
you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER 15
DHCP Server
15.1 Overview
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to
obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the NBG’s LAN as a DHCP
server or disable it. When configured as a server, the NBG provides the TCP/IP configuration for the
clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the
computer must be manually configured.
15.2 What You Can Do
•Use the General (Section 15.3 on page 114) screen to enable the DHCP server.
•Use the Advanced (Section 15.4 on page 115) screen to assign IP addresses on the LAN to
specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses.
15.3 General Screen
Use this screen to enable the DHCP server. Click Network > DHCP Server. The following screen
displays.
Figure 86 Network > DHCP Server > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 56 Network > DHCP Server > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable DHCP
Server
Select this check box to activate the DHCP for LAN.
IP Pool Starting
Address
This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool for LAN.
End Address This field specifies the last of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool for LAN.
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15.4 Advanced Screen
This screen allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on
their MAC addresses. You can also use this screen to configure the DNS server information that the
NBG sends to the DHCP clients.
To change your NBG’s static DHCP settings, click Network > DHCP Server > Advanced. The
following screen displays.
Figure 87 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Ta ble 56 Network > DHCP Server > General (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Ta ble 57 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Application Rule
IP Address Type the LAN IP address based on the MAC address in dotted decimal notation.
MAC Address Type the MAC address (with colons) you want to assign to your NBG
LAN Static DHCP Table
# This is the index number of the static IP table entry (row).
IP Address Type the LAN IP address of a computer on your LAN.
MAC Address Type the MAC address (with colons) of a computer on your LAN.
Modify Click the Edit icon to open the edit screen where you can modify an IP address.
Click the Delete icon to remove an IP address.
DNS Server
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DNS Servers
Assigned by
DHCP Server
The NBG passes a DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address (in the order you specify
here) to the DHCP clients. The NBG only passes this information to the LAN DHCP clients
when you select the Enable DHCP Server check box. When you clear the Enable DHCP
Server check box, DHCP service is disabled and you must have another DHCP sever on your
LAN, or else the computers must have their DNS server addresses manually configured.
First DNS
Server
Second DNS
Server
Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the NBG's
WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that
the ISP assigns.
Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP
address in the field to the right. If you chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to
0.0.0.0, User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to
User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second User-Defined changes to None
after you click Apply.
Select DNS Relay to have the NBG act as a DNS proxy. The NBG's LAN IP address displays
in the field to the right (read-only). The NBG tells the DHCP clients on the LAN that the NBG
itself is the DNS server. When a computer on the LAN sends a DNS query to the NBG, the
NBG forwards the query to the NBG's system DNS server (configured in the WAN >
Internet Connection screen) and relays the response back to the computer. You can only
select DNS Relay for one of the three servers; if you select DNS Relay for a second or
third DNS server, that choice changes to None after you click Apply.
Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not configure a DNS
server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Ta ble 57 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 16
Network Address Translation (NAT)
16.1 Overview
NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in
a packet. For example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network is
changed to a different IP address known within another network.
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets,
NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with
hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address in each packet and then
forwards it to the Internet. The NBG keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so
incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this.
Figure 88 NAT Example
For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address
Translator (NAT).
16.2 What You Can Do
•Use the General screen (Section 16.3 on page 118) to enable NAT and set a default server.
•Use the Application screen (Section 16.4 on page 118) o forward incoming service requests to
the server(s) on your local network.
•Use the Advanced screen (Section 16.5 on page 120) to change your NBG’s trigger port
settings.
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16.3 General NAT Screen
Use this screen to enable NAT and set a default server. Click Network > NAT > General to open
the following screen.
Figure 89 Network > NAT > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
16.4 NAT Application Screen
Use the Application screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local
network. You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the
local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web
service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one
server can support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be
better to specify a range of port numbers.
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A service request
that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the
default is not defined, the service request is simply discarded.
Ta ble 58 Network > NAT > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
NAT Setup
Enable Network
Address
Translation
Network Address Translation (NAT) allows the translation of an Internet protocol address
used within one network (for example a private IP address used in a local network) to a
different IP address known within another network (for example a public IP address used on
the Internet).
Select the check box to enable NAT.
Default Server Setup
Server IP
Address In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A default
server receives packets from ports that are not specified in the Application screen.
If you do not assign a Default Server IP address, the NBG discards all packets received
for ports that are not specified in the Application screen or remote management.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server
processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may
periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any
active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
Port forwarding allows you to define the local servers to which the incoming services will be
forwarded. To change your NBG’s port forwarding settings, click Network > NAT > Application.
The screen appears as shown.
Note: If you do not assign a Default Server IP address in the NAT > General screen,
the NBG discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in this screen
or remote management.
Refer to Appendix D on page 225 for port numbers commonly used for particular services.
Figure 90 Network > NAT > Application
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 59 Network > NAT > Application
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Application Rule
Active Select the check box to enable this rule and the requested service can be forwarded to the
host with a specified internal IP address.
Clear the checkbox to disallow forwarding of these ports to an inside server without having
to delete the entry.
Service Name Type a name (of up to 31 printable characters) to identify this rule in the first field next to
Service Name. Otherwise, select a predefined service in the second field next to Service
Name. The predefined service name and port number(s) will display in the Service Name
and Port fields.
Port Type a port number(s) to define the service to be forwarded to the specified server.
To specify a range of ports, enter a hyphen (-) between the first port and the last port, such
as 10-20.
To specify two or more non-consecutive port numbers, separate them by a comma without
spaces, such as 123,567.
Server IP
Address
Type the IP address of the server on your LAN that receives packets from the port(s)
specified in the Port field.
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16.5 NAT Advanced Screen
Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated range of ports on
the server side. With regular port forwarding you set a forwarding port in NAT to forward a service
(coming in from the server on the WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN).
The problem is that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to
use the same service on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace the LAN
computer's IP address in the forwarding port with another LAN computer's IP address.
Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to dynamically take
turns using the service. The NBG records the IP address of a LAN computer that sends traffic to the
WAN to request a service with a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the
NBG's WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("incoming" port),
the NBG forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent the request. After that
computer’s connection for that service closes, another computer on the LAN can use the service in
the same manner. This way you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you want a
different LAN computer to use the application.
To change your NBG’s trigger port settings, click Network > NAT > Advanced. The screen
appears as shown.
Note: Only one LAN computer can use a trigger port (range) at a time.
Application Rules Summary
#This is the number of an individual port forwarding server entry.
Active This icon is turned on when the rule is enabled.
Name This field displays a name to identify this rule.
Port This field displays the port number(s).
Server IP
Address
This field displays the inside IP address of the server.
Modify Click the Edit icon to display and modify an existing rule setting in the fields under Add
Application Rule.
Click the Remove icon to delete a rule.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Ta ble 59 Network > NAT > Application (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 91 Network > NAT > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
16.5.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example
The following is an example of trigger port forwarding.
Ta ble 60 Network > NAT > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Application Rule
Service Name Type a unique name (up to 15 characters) for identification purposes. All characters are
permitted - including spaces.
Trigger Port The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the NBG to record
the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Select the transport layer protocol used for the service. Choices are TCP, UDP, or Both.
Type a port number or a range of port numbers.
Incoming Port Incoming is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a
particular service. The NBG forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the
client computer on the LAN that requested the service.
Select the transport layer protocol used for the service. Choices are TCP, UDP, or Both.
Type a port number or a range of port numbers.
Application Rules Summary
#This is the rule index number (read-only).
Active This icon is turned on when the rule is enabled.
Name This field displays a name to identify this rule.
Trigger Port This field displays the protocol and the port number or a range of port numbers.
Incoming Port This field displays the protocol and the port number or a range of port numbers.
Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the port triggering rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Figure 92 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example
1Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070).
2Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the NBG to record Jane’s computer IP address. The NBG
associates Jane's computer IP address with the "incoming" port range of 6970-7170.
3The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170.
4The NBG forwards the traffic to Jane’s computer IP address.
5Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or times out. The NBG
times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram Protocol), or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
16.5.2 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports
1Trigger events only happen on data that is going coming from inside the NBG and going to the
outside.
2If an application needs a continuous data stream, that port (range) will be tied up so that another
computer on the LAN can’t trigger it.
Router
Router
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CHAPTER 17
Dynamic DNS
17.1 Overview
Dynamic DNS (DDNS) services let you use a domain name with a dynamic IP address.
17.2 What You Can Do
Use the Dynamic DNS screen (Section 17.4 on page 123) to enable DDNS and configure the DDNS
settings on the NBG.
17.3 What You Need To Know
Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic
DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access
your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance
myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an
IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to
call you even if they don't know your IP address.
17.4 Dynamic DNS Screen
To change your NBG’s DDNS, click Network > DDNS. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 93 Network > DDNS
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 61 Network > DDNS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable
Dynamic DNS
Select this check box to use dynamic DNS.
Service
Provider
Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider.
Host Name Enter a host names in the field provided. You can specify up to two host names in the field
separated by a comma (",").
User Name Enter your user name.
Password Enter the password assigned to you.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER 18
Static Route
18.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to configure static routes for your NBG.
Each remote node specifies only the network to which the gateway is directly connected, and the
NBG has no knowledge of the networks beyond. For instance, the NBG knows about network N2 in
the following figure through remote node Router 1. However, the NBG is unable to route a packet to
network N3 because it doesn't know that there is a route through the same remote node Router 1
(via gateway Router 2). The static routes are for you to tell the NBG about the networks beyond the
remote nodes.
Figure 94 Example of Static Routing Topology
18.2 What You Can Do
Use the IP Static Route screen (Section 18.3 on page 125) to view, add and delete routes.
18.3 IP Static Route Screen
Click Network > Static Route to open the IP Static Route screen.
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Figure 95 Network > Static Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 62 Network > Static Route
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Static Routing Settings
Route Name Enter a the name that describes or identifies this route.
Destination IP
Address
Enter the IP network address of the final destination.
IP Subnet Mask This is the subnet to which the route’s final destination belongs.
Gateway IP
Address
Enter the the IP address of the gateway.
Metric Assign a number to identify the route.
Interface Select the NBG port types. The port types are WAN and LAN.
Add Rule Click this to add the IP static route.
Application Rules Summary
#This is the number of an individual static route.
Active The rules are always on and this is indicated by the icon.
Route Name This is the name that describes or identifies this route.
Destination This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is
always based on network number.
Gateway This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the
same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps
forward packets to their destinations.
Metric This is the number assigned to the route.
Interface This displays the NBG port types. The port types are WAN and LAN.
Delete Click the Delete icon to remove a static route from the NBG. A window displays
asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER 19
Firewall
19.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to enable and configure the firewall that protects your NBG and your
LAN from unwanted or malicious traffic.
Enable the firewall to protect your LAN computers from attacks by hackers on the Internet and
control access between the LAN and WAN. By default the firewall:
• allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all of the networks.
• blocks traffic that originates on the other networks from going to the LAN.
The following figure illustrates the default firewall action. User A can initiate an IM (Instant
Messaging) session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this session is also allowed (2).
However other traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked (3 and 4).
Figure 96 Default Firewall Action
19.2 What You Can Do
•Use the General (Section 19.4 on page 128) screen to enable or disable the NBG’s firewall.
•Use the MAC Filtering Rule screen (Section 19.5 on page 129) to configure the NBG to block
access to devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG.
•Use the IP Filtering Rule screen (Section 19.6 on page 130) to configure the NBG to block
access to devices or block the devices from accessing the NBG.
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19.3 What You Need To Know
The NBG’s firewall feature physically separates the LAN and the WAN and acts as a secure gateway
for all data passing between the networks.
It is designed to protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when activated (click the General
tab under Firewall and then click the Enable Firewall check box). The NBG's purpose is to allow a
private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely connected to the Internet. The NBG can be used to
prevent theft, destruction and modification of data, as well as log events, which may be important
to the security of your network.
The NBG is installed between the LAN and a broadband modem connecting to the Internet. This
allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing between the Internet and the LAN.
The NBG has one Ethernet WAN port and four Ethernet LAN ports, which are used to physically
separate the network into two areas.The WAN (Wide Area Network) port attaches to the broadband
(cable or DSL) modem to the Internet.
The LAN (Local Area Network) port attaches to a network of computers, which needs security from
the outside world. These computers will have access to Internet services such as e-mail, FTP and
the World Wide Web. However, "inbound access" is not allowed (by default) unless the remote host
is authorized to use a specific service.
19.4 General Firewall Screen
Use this screen to enable or disable the NBG’s firewall, and set up firewall logs. Click Security >
Firewall to open the General screen.
Figure 97 Security > Firewall > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 63 Security > Firewall > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Firewall Setup
Enable Firewall Select this check box to activate the firewall. The NBG performs access control and protects
against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated.
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19.5 MAC Filtering Rule Screen
If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your NBG, an ICMP response packet is
automatically returned. This allows the outside user to know the NBG exists. Use this screen to
prevent the ICMP response packet from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your NBG
when unsupported ports are probed.
You can also use this screen to enable service blocking, enter/delete/modify the services you want
to block and the date/time you want to block them.
Click Security > Firewall > MAC Filt ering Rule . The screen appears as shown next.
Figure 98 Security > Firewall > MAC Filtering Rule
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and error-reporting protocol
between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP)
datagrams, but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to
the application user.
Enable ICMP
(WAN Ping)
Select this check box to activate the ICMP. The NBG will respond to WAN incoming Ping
requests.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Reset Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.
Ta ble 63 Security > Firewall > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
See Appendix D on page 225 for commonly used services and port numbers.
19.6 IP Filtering Rule Screen
If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your NBG, an ICMP response packet is
automatically returned. This allows the outside user to know the NBG exists. Use this screen to
prevent the ICMP response packet from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your NBG
when unsupported ports are probed.
You can also use this screen to enable service blocking, enter/delete/modify the services you want
to block and the date/time you want to block them.
Click Security > Firewall > IP Filtering Rule. The screen appears as shown next.
Ta ble 64 Security > Firewall > MAC Filtering Rule
LABEL DESCRIPTION
MAC Filtering Rule
Enable MAC
Filtering
Select this check box to enable MAC address filtering.
Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Filtering Table.
Select Allow to permit access to the NBG, MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to
the NBG.
Select Deny to block access to the NBG, MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access
the NBG.
MAC Filtering Table
Client PC MAC
Address
Enter the MAC address of the computer for which the MAC filtering rule applies.
Comment Enter a name that identifies or describes the firewall rule.
Add Click this to add the MAC filtering rule.
MAC Filtering Table
NO. This is the number of an individual MAC filtering rule.
Client PC MAC
Address
This field displays the MAC address of the computer.
Comment This field displays the descriptions of the MAC filtering rule.
Select Select the MAC filtering rule which you want to delete.
Delete Selected Click the Delete Selected button to remove the MAC filtering rule which selected from the
MAC Filter ing Ta ble. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the
rule.
Delete All Click the Delete All button to remove all MAC filtering rules from the NBG. A window
displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete all rules.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.
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Figure 99 Security > Firewall > IP Filtering Rule
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 65 Security > Firewall > IP Filtering Rule
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Filtering Rule
Enable IP
Filtering
Select this check box to enable IP filtering.
Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the IP Filtering Table.
Select Allow to permit access to the NBG, IP addresses not listed will be denied access to
the NBG.
Select Deny to block access to the NBG, IP addresses not listed will be allowed to access
the NBG.
IP Filtering Table
NO. This is the number of an individual IP filtering rule.
PC Description This field displays a description to identify this rule.
PC IP Address This field displays the IP address (or a range of IP addresses) of the computer.
Client Service This field displays the clients services you selected.
Protocol This field displays the protocol used for the service.
Port Range This field displays the port number(s).
Select Select the IP filtering rule which you want to delete.
Add Click this to add the IP filtering rule.
Delete Selected Click the Delete Selected button to remove the IP filtering rule which selected from the IP
Filtering Table. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the rule.
Delete All Click the Delete All button to remove all IP filtering rules from the NBG. A window displays
asking you to confirm that you want to delete all rules.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.
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Figure 100 Security > Firewall > IP Filtering Rule: Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 66 Security > Firewall > IP Filtering Rule: Add
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Client PC
Description
Enter a name that identifies or describes the firewall rule.
Client PC IP
Address
Enter the IP address of the computer for which the IP filtering rule applies.
Client Service
Service Name This field displays the services which be provided from clients.
Detailed
Description
This field displays the details of Service Name.
Select Select client services which you want to apply.
User Define Service
Protocol Select the transport layer protocol used for the service. Choices are TCP, UDP, or Both.
Port Range Type a range of port numbers.
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CHAPTER 20
Content Filter
20.1 Overview
This chapter provides a brief overview of content filtering using the embedded web GUI.
Internet content filtering allows you to create and enforce Internet access policies tailored to your
needs. Content filtering is the ability to block certain web features or specific URL keywords.
20.2 What You Can Do
Use the Content Filter (Section 20.4 on page 135) screen to restrict web features, add
keywords for blocking and designate a trusted computer.
20.3 What You Need To Know
Content filtering allows you to block certain web features, such as cookies, and/or block access to
specific web sites. For example, you can configure one policy that blocks John Doe’s access to arts
and entertainment web pages.
20.3.1 Content Filtering Profiles
A content filtering profile conveniently stores your custom settings for the following features.
Restrict Web Features
The NBG can disable web proxies and block web features such as ActiveX controls, Java applets and
cookies.
Keyword Blocking URL Checking
The NBG checks the URL’s domain name (or IP address) and file path separately when performing
keyword blocking.
The URL’s domain name or IP address is the characters that come before the first slash in the URL.
For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the domain name is
www.zyxel.com.tw.
The file path is the characters that come after the first slash in the URL. For example, with the URL
www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the file path is news/pressroom.php.
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Since the NBG checks the URL’s domain name (or IP address) and file path separately, it will not
find items that go across the two. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/
pressroom.php, the NBG would find “tw” in the domain name (www.zyxel.com.tw). It would also
find “news” in the file path (news/pressroom.php) but it would not find “tw/news”.
20.4 Content Filter Screen
Use this screen to restrict web features, add keywords for blocking and designate a trusted
computer.
Click Security > Content Filter to open the Content Filter screen.
Figure 101 Security > Content Filter > Content Filter
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 67 Security > Content Filter > Content Filter
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable URL
Keyword
Blocking
The NBG can block Web sites with URLs that contain certain keywords in the domain name
or IP address. For example, if the keyword "bad" was enabled, all sites containing this
keyword in the domain name or IP address will be blocked, e.g., URL http://
www.website.com/bad.html would be blocked. Select this check box to enable this feature.
Keyword Type a keyword in this field. You may use any character (up to 64 characters). Wildcards are
not allowed. You can also enter a numerical IP address.
Keyword List This list displays the keywords already added.
Add Click Add after you have typed a keyword.
Repeat this procedure to add other keywords. Up to 64 keywords are allowed.
When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get a message telling you
that the content filter is blocking this request.
Delete Highlight a keyword in the lower box and click Delete to remove it. The keyword disappears
from the text box after you click Apply.
Clear All Click this button to remove all of the listed keywords.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh
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CHAPTER 21
Bandwidth Management
21.1 Overview
This chapter contains information about configuring bandwidth management and editing rules.
ZyXEL’s Bandwidth Management allows you to specify bandwidth management rules based on an
application.
In the figure below, uplink traffic goes from the LAN device (A) to the WAN device (B). Bandwidth
management is applied before sending the packets out to the WAN. Downlink traffic comes back
from the WAN device (B) to the LAN device (A). Bandwidth management is applied before sending
the traffic out to LAN.
Figure 102 Bandwidth Management Example
You can allocate specific amounts of bandwidth capacity (bandwidth budgets) to individual
applications (like VoIP, Web, FTP, and E-mail for example).
21.2 What You Can Do
•Use the General screen (Section 21.4 on page 137) to enable bandwidth management and
assign bandwidth values.
•Use the Advanced screen (Section 21.5 on page 137) to configure bandwidth managements rule
for the pre-defined services and applications.
AB
-> VOIP
-> FTP
-> HTTP
-> Chat, Email
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21.3 What You Need To Know
The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the WAN interface (LAN to WAN, WLAN to WAN)
must be less than or equal to the Upstream Bandwidth that you configure in the Bandwidth
Management Advanced screen (Section 21.5 on page 137).
The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the LAN interface (WAN to LAN, WAN to WLAN)
must be less than or equal to the Downstream Bandwidth that you configure in the Ban dwidt h
Management Advanced screen Section 21.5 on page 137.
21.4 General Screen
Use this screen to have the NBG apply bandwidth management.
Click Management > Bandwidth Management to open the bandwidth management General
screen.
Figure 103 Management > Bandwidth Management > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
21.5 Advanced Screen
Use this screen to configure bandwidth management rules for the pre-defined services or
applications.
You can also use this screen to configure bandwidth management rule for other services or
applications that are not on the pre-defined list of NBG. Additionally, you can define the source and
destination IP addresses and port for a service or application.
Ta ble 68 Management > Bandwidth Management > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable
Bandwidth
Management
This field allows you to have NBG apply bandwidth management.
Enable bandwidth management to give traffic that matches a bandwidth rule priority over
traffic that does not match a bandwidth rule.
Enabling bandwidth management also allows you to control the maximum or minimum
amounts of bandwidth that can be used by traffic that matches a bandwidth rule.
Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Note: The two tables shown in this screen can be configured and applied at the same
time.
Click Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced to open the bandwidth
management Advanced screen.
Figure 104 Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 69 Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Management Bandwidth
Upstream
Bandwidth
Select the total amount of bandwidth (from 64 Kilobits to 50 Megabits) that you want to
dedicate to uplink traffic. If you select User Defined, type the total amount of bandwidth
that you want to dedicate to uplink (or outgoing) traffic in the (kbps) text box.
This is traffic from LAN/WLAN to WAN.
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21.5.1 Rule Configuration: Application Rule Configuration
If you want to edit a bandwidth management rule for a pre-defined service or application, click the
Edit icon in the Application List table of the Advanced screen. The following screen displays.
Downstream
Bandwidth
Select the total amount of bandwidth (from 64 Kilobits to 50 Megabits) that you want to
dedicate to uplink traffic. If you select User Defined, type the total amount of bandwidth
that you want to dedicate to downlink (or incoming) traffic in the (kbps) text box.
This is traffic from WAN to LAN/WLAN.
Application List Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth based on a pre-defined service.
#This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule.
Priority Select a priority from the drop down list box. Choose High, Mid or Low.
•High - Select this for voice traffic or video that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is
the variations in delay).
•Mid - Select this for "excellent effort" or better than best effort and would include
important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
•Low - Select this for non-critical "background" traffic such as bulk transfers that are
allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
Category This is the category where a service belongs.
Service This is the name of the service.
Select the check box to have the NBG apply this bandwidth management rule.
Advanced
Setting
Click the Edit icon to open the Rule Configurati on screen where you can modify the rule.
User-defined
Service
Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth to specific applications or services
you specify.
#This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule.
Enable Select this check box to have the NBG apply this bandwidth management rule.
Direction Select TO LAN/WLAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic from WAN to LAN/WLAN.
Select TO WAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic from LAN/WLAN to WAN.
Service Name Enter a descriptive name for the bandwidth management rule.
Category This is the category where a service belongs.
Modify Click the Edit icon to open the Rule Configuration screen. Modify an existing rule or
create a new rule in the Rule Configuration screen. See Section 21.5.2 on page 140 for
more information.
Click the Remove icon to delete a rule.
Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Ta ble 69 Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 105 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: Application List
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
21.5.2 Rule Configuration: User Defined Service Rule Configuration
If you want to edit a bandwidth management rule for other applications or services, click the Edit
icon in the User-defined Ser vice table of the Advanced screen. The following screen displays.
Figure 106 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: User-defined Service
Ta ble 70 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: Application List
LABEL DESCRIPTION
#This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule.
Enable Select an interface’s check box to enable bandwidth management on that interface.
Direction These read-only labels represent the physical interfaces. Bandwidth management applies to
all traffic flowing out of the router through the interface, regardless of the traffic’s source.
Traffic redirect or IP alias may cause LAN-to-LAN traffic to pass through the NBG and be
managed by bandwidth management.
Bandwidth Select Maximum Bandwidth or Minimum Bandwidth and specify the maximum or
minimum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kilobits per second.
Protocol This is the protocol (TCP, UDP or user-defined) used for the service.
OK Click OK to save your customized settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen
Ta ble 71 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: User-defined Service
See Appendix D on page 225 for commonly used services and port numbers.
LABEL DESCRIPTION
BW Budget Select Maximum Bandwidth or Minimum Bandwidth and specify the maximum or
minimum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kilobits per second.
Destination
Address Range
Enter the IP address range of the destination computer.
The NBG applies bandwidth management to the service or application that is entering this
computer.
Destination
Port Range
This is the port number of the destination that define the traffic type, for example TCP port
80 defines web traffic.
Source Address
Range
Enter the IP address range of the computer that initializes traffic for the application or
service.
The NBG applies bandwidth management to traffic initiating from this computer.
Source Port
Range
This is the port number of the source that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80
defines web traffic.
Protocol Select the protocol (TCP, UDP) for which the bandwidth management rule applies.
Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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CHAPTER 22
Remote Management
22.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the Remote Management screens.
Remote Management allows you to manage your NBG from a remote location through the following
interfaces:
•LAN and WAN
•LAN only
•WAN only
Note: The NBG is managed using the Web Configurator.
22.2 What You Can Do
Use the WWW screen (Section 22.4 on page 143) to define the interface/s from which the NBG can
be managed remotely and specify a secure client that can manage the NBG.
22.3 What You Need to Know
Remote management over LAN or WAN will not work when:
1The IP address in the Secured Client IP Address field (Section 22.4 on page 143) does not
match the client IP address. If it does not match, the NBG will disconnect the session immediately.
2There is already another remote management session. You may only have one remote
management session running at one time.
3There is a firewall rule that blocks it.
22.3.1 Remote Management and NAT
When NAT is enabled:
• Use the NBG’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN.
• Use the NBG’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN.
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22.3.2 System Timeout
There is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds). The
NBG automatically logs you out if the management session remains idle for longer than this timeout
period. The management session does not time out when a statistics screen is polling. You can
change the timeout period in the System screen
22.4 WWW Screen
To change your NBG’s remote management settings, click Management > Remote Management
> WWW.
Figure 107 Management > Remote Management > WWW
The following table describes the labels in this screen
Ta ble 72 Management > Remote Management > WWW
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Remote
WAN Access
Select this check box to enable Remote WAN Access.
Server Port You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the
same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Secured Client
IP Address
Select All to allow all computes to access the NBG.
Otherwise, check Selected and specify the IP address of the computer that can access the
NBG.
Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER 23
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
23.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the UPnP feature in the web configurator.
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for
simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a
network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network.
In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
23.2 What You Can Do
Use the UPnP screen (Section 23.4 on page 145) to enable UPnP on your NBG.
23.3 What You Need to Know
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP
compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a
UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device.
23.3.1 NAT Traversal
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP
network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the
network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions.
NAT traversal allows the following:
• Dynamic port mapping
• Learning public IP addresses
• Assigning lease times to mappings
Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP.
See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT.
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23.3.2 Cautions with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening
firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also
be obtained and modified by users in some network environments.
When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For
security reasons, the NBG allows multicast messages on the LAN only.
All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration.
Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
23.4 UPnP Screen
Use this screen to enable UPnP on your NBG.
Click Management > UPnP to display the screen shown next.
Figure 108 Management > UPnP
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
23.5 Technical Refereance
The sections show examples of using UPnP.
Ta ble 73 Management > UPnP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable the
Universal Plug
and Play
(UPnP) Feature
Select this check box to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application
to open the web configurator's login screen without entering the NBG's IP address (although
you must still enter the password to access the web configurator).
Apply Click Apply to save the setting to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to return to the previously saved settings.
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23.5.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example
This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP
installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the NBG.
Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the NBG. Turn on your computer and the
NBG.
23.5.1.1 Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device
1Click start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon displays under
Internet Gateway.
2Right-click the icon and select Properties.
Figure 109 Network Connections
3In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there
were automatically created.
Figure 110 Internet Connection Properties
4You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings.
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Figure 111 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings
Figure 112 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add
Note: When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port
mappings will be deleted automatically.
5Select Show icon in n otification area wh en connected option and click OK. An icon displays in
the system tray.
Figure 113 System Tray Icon
6Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status.
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Figure 114 Internet Connection Status
23.5.2 Web Configurator Easy Access
With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the NBG without finding out the IP
address of the NBG first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the NBG.
Follow the steps below to access the web configurator.
1Click Start and then Control Panel.
2Double-click Network Connections.
3Select My Network Places under Other Places.
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Figure 115 Network Connections
4An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network.
5Right-click on the icon for your NBG and select Invoke. The web configurator login screen displays.
Figure 116 Network Connections: My Network Places
6Right-click on the icon for your NBG and select Properties. A properties window displays with basic
information about the NBG.
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Figure 117 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example
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CHAPTER 24
USB Media Sharing
24.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to configure the media sharing settings on the NBG.
Note: The read and write performance may be affected by amount of file-sharing traffic
on your network, type of connected USB device and your USB version (1.1 or 2.0).
Media Server
You can set up your NBG to act as a media server to provide media (like video) to DLNA-compliant
players, such as Windows Media Player, ZyXEL DMAs (Digital Media Adapters), Xboxes or PS3s. The
media server and clients must have IP addresses in the same subnet.
The NBG media server enables you to:
• Publish all folders for everyone to play media files in the USB storage device connected to the
NBG.
• Use hardware-based media clients like the DMA-2500 to play the files.
Note: Anyone on your network can play the media files in the published folders. No user
name and password nor other form of security is required.
The following figure is an overview of the NBG’s media server feature. DLNA devices A and B can
access and play files on a USB device (C) which is connected to the NBG (D).
Figure 118 Media Server Overview
A
B
C
D
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File-Sharing Server
You can also share files on a USB memory stick or hard drive connected to your NBG with users on
your network.
The following figure is an overview of the NBG’s file-sharing server feature. Computers A and B can
access files on a USB device (C) which is connected to the NBG (D).
Figure 119 File Sharing Overview
24.2 What You Can Do
•Use the SMB/CIFS screen to enable file-sharing via the NBG using Windows Explorer or the
workgroup name. This screen also allow you to configure the workgroup name and create user
accounts (Section 24.5 on page 154).
•Use the DLNA screen to use the NBG as a media server and allow DLNA-compliant devices to
play media files stored in the attached USB device (Section 24.6 on page 155).
•Use the FTP screen to allow file sharing via the NBG using FTP and create user accounts (Section
24.7 on page 155).
24.3 What You Need To Know
DLNA
The Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) is a group of personal computer and electronics
companies that works to make products compatible in a home network. DLNA clients play files
stored on DLNA servers. The NBG can function as a DLNA-compliant media server and stream files
to DLNA-compliant media clients without any configuration.
A
BC
D
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Workgroup name
This is the name given to a set of computers that are connected on a network and share resources
such as a printer or files. Windows automatically assigns the workgroup name when you set up a
network.
File Systems
A file system is a way of storing and organizing files on your hard drive and storage device. Often
different operating systems such as Windows or Linux have different file systems. The file-sharing
feature on your NBG supports New Technology File System (NTFS), File Allocation Table (FAT) and
FAT32 file systems.
Windows/CIFS
Common Internet File System (CIFS) is a standard protocol supported by most operating systems
in order to share files across the network.
CIFS runs over TCP/IP but uses the SMB (Server Message Block) protocol found in Microsoft
Windows for file and printer access; therefore, CIFS will allow all applications, not just Web
browsers, to open and share files across the Internet.
The NBG uses Common Internet File System (CIFS) protocol for its file sharing functions. CIFS
compatible computers can access the USB file storage devices connected to the NBG. CIFS protocol
is supported on Microsoft Windows, Linux Samba and other operating systems (refer to your
systems specifications for CIFS compatibility).
Samba
SMB is a client-server protocol used by Microsoft Windows systems for sharing files, printers, and
so on.
Samba is a free SMB server that runs on most Unix and Unix-like systems. It provides an
implementation of an SMB client and server for use with non-Microsoft operating systems.
File Transfer Protocol
This is a method of transferring data from one computer to another over a network such as the
Internet.
24.4 Before You Begin
Make sure the NBG is connected to your network and turned on.
1Connect the USB device to one of the NBG’s USB ports.
2The NBG detects the USB device and makes its contents available for browsing. If you are
connecting a USB hard drive that comes with an external power supply, make sure it is connected
to an appropriate power source that is on.
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Note: If your USB device cannot be detected by the NBG, see the troubleshooting for
suggestions.
24.5 SMB/CIFS Screen
Use this screen to set up file-sharing via the NBG using Windows Explorer or the workgroup name.
You can also configure the workgroup name and create file-sharing user accounts. Click
Management > USB > SMB/CIFS.
Figure 120 Management > USB > SMB/CIFS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 74 Management > USB > SMB/CIFS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable SAMBA Select this to enable file sharing through the NBG using Windows Explorer or by
browsing to your work group.
Server Name Specify the name to identify the NBG in a work group.
Work Group You can add the NBG to an existing or a new workgroup on your network. Enter the
name of the workgroup which your NBG automatically joins. You can set the NBG’s
workgroup name to be exactly the same as the workgroup name to which your
computer belongs.
Note: The NBG will not be able to join the workgroup if your local area network has
restrictions set up that do not allow devices to join a workgroup. In this case,
contact your network administrator.
User Accounts Before you can share files you need a user account. Configure the following fields to set
up a file-sharing account.
#This is the index number of the user account.
Enable This field displays whether a user account is activated or not. Select the check box to
enable the account. Clear the check box to disable the account.
User Name Enter a user name that will be allowed to access the shared files. You can enter up to 20
characters. Only letters and numbers allowed.
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24.6 DLNA Screen
Use this screen to have the NBG act as a DLNA-compliant media server that lets DLNA-compliant
media clients on your network play video, music, and photos from the NBG (without having to copy
them to another computer). Click Management > USB > DLNA.
Figure 121 Management > USB > DLNA
Click Rescan to have the NBG scan the media files on the connected USB device and do indexing of
the file list again so that DLNA clients can find the new files if any.
24.7 FTP Screen
Use this screen to set up file sharing via the NBG using FTP and create user accounts. Click
Management > USB > FTP.
Password Enter the password used to access the shared files. You can enter up to 20 characters.
Only letters and numbers are allowed. The password is case sensitive.
USB Specify the user’s access rights to the USB storage device which is connected to the
NBG’s USB port.
Read & Write - The user has read and write rights, meaning that the user can create
and edit the files on the connected USB device.
Read - The user has read rights only and can not create or edit the files on the
connected USB device.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to return to the previously saved settings.
Ta ble 74 Management > USB > SMB/CIFS (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 122 Management > USB > FTP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
24.8 Example of Accessing Your Shared Files From a
Computer
You can use Windows Explorer or FTP to access the USB storage devices connected to the NBG.
Ta ble 75 Management > USB > FTP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable FTP for WAN Select this to enable the FTP server on the NBG for file sharing using FTP.
Port You may change the server port number for FTP if needed, however you must use the
same port number in order to use that service for file sharing.
User Accounts Before you can share files you need a user account. Configure the following fields to set
up a file-sharing account.
#This is the index number of the user account.
Enable This field displays whether a user account is activated or not. Select the check box to
enable the account. Clear the check box to disable the account.
User Name Enter a user name that will be allowed to access the shared files. You can enter up to 20
characters. Only letters and numbers allowed.
Password Enter the password used to access the shared files. You can enter up to 20 characters.
Only letters and numbers are allowed. The password is case sensitive.
USB Specify the user’s access rights to the USB storage device which is connected to the
NBG’s USB port.
Read & Write - The user has read and write rights, meaning that the user can create
and edit the files on the connected USB device.
Read - The user has read rights only and can not create or edit the files on the
connected USB device.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to return to the previously saved settings.
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This example shows you how to use Microsoft’s Windows XP to browse your shared files. Refer to
your operating system’s documentation for how to browse your file structure.
24.8.1 Use Windows Explorer to Share Files
You should have enabled file sharing and created a user account (Bob/1234 for example) with read
and write access to USB in the USB > SMB/CIFS screen.
Open Windows Explorer to access the connected USB device using either Windows Explorer browser
or by browsing to your workgroup.
1In Windows Explorer’s Address bar type a double backslash “\\” followed by the IP address of the
NBG (the default IP address of the NBG in router mode is 192.168.1.1) and press [ENTER]. A
screen asking for password authentication appears. Type the user name and password (Bob and
1234 in this example) and click OK.
Note: Once you log into the shared folder via your NBG, you do not have to relogin unless
you restart your computer.
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2You can also use the workgroup name to access files by browsing to the workgroup folder using the
folder tree on the left side of the screen. It is located under My Network Places. In this example
the workgroup name is the default “Workgroup”.
24.8.2 Use FTP to Share Files
You can use FTP to access the USB storage devices connected to the NBG. In this example, we use
the web browser to share files via FTP from the LAN. The way or screen you log into the FTP server
(on the NBG) varies depending on your FTP client. See your FTP client documentation for more
information.
You should have enabled file sharing and created a user account (Bob/1234 for example) with read
and write access to USB in the USB > FTP screen.
1In your web browser’s address or URL bar type “ftp://” followed by the IP address of the NBG (the
default LAN IP address of the NBG in router mode is 192.168.1.1) and click Go or press [ENTER].
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2A screen asking for password authentication appears. Enter the user name and password (you
configured in the USB > FTP screen) and click Log On.
3The screen changes and shows you the folder for the USB storage device connected to your NBG.
Double-click the folder to display the contents in it.
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CHAPTER 25
Maintenance
25.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the Maintenance screens.
25.2 What You Can Do
•Use the General screen to configure system and domain name. You can also set the timeout
period of the management session (Section 25.3 on page 160).
•Use the Password screen to change your NBG’s system password (Section 25.4 on page 161).
•Use the Time screen to change your NBG’s time and date (Section 25.5 on page 162).
•Use the Firmware Upgrade screen to upload firmware to your NBG (Section 25.6 on page 163).
•Use the Backup/Restore screen to view information related to factory defaults, backup
configuration, and restoring configuration (Section 25.8 on page 166).
•Use the Restart screen to reboot the NBG without turning the power off (Section 25.8 on page
166).
25.3 General Screen
Use this screen to set the configure system and domain name as well as management session
timeout period. Click Maintenance > General. The following screen displays.
Figure 123 Maintenance > General
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
25.4 Password Screen
It is strongly recommended that you change your NBG's password.
If you forget your NBG's password (or IP address), you will need to reset the device. See Section
25.8 on page 166 for details.
Click Maintenance > Password. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 124 Maintenance > Password
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 76 Maintenance > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Setup
System Name System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG in an Ethernet network.
Domain Name Enter the domain name you want to give to the NBG.
Administrator
Inactivity Timer
Type how many minutes a management session can be left idle before the
session times out. The default is 5 minutes. After it times out you have to log in
with your password again. Very long idle timeouts may have security risks. A
value of "0" means a management session never times out, no matter how long
it has been left idle (not recommended).
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to return to the previously saved settings.
Ta ble 77 Maintenance > Password
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Password Setup Change your NBG’s password (recommended) using the fields as shown.
Old Password Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the system in this
field.
New Password Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you type a password,
the screen displays an asterisk (*) for each character you type.
Retype to
Confirm
Type the new password again in this field.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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25.5 Time Setting Screen
Use this screen to configure the NBG’s time based on your local time zone. To change your NBG’s
time and date, click Maintenance > Time. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 125 Maintenance > Time
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Ta ble 78 Maintenance > Time
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current Time and Date
Current Time This field displays the time of your NBG.
Each time you reload this page, the NBG synchronizes the time with the time server.
Current Date This field displays the date of your NBG.
Each time you reload this page, the NBG synchronizes the date with the time server.
Current Time and Date
Manual Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a new time
and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, the new time and date you
entered has priority and the Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect it.
New Time
(hh:mm:ss)
This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time configured
manually.
When you select Manual, enter the new time in this field and then click Apply.
New Date
(yyyy/mm/dd)
This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the last date configured
manually.
When you select Manual, enter the new date in this field and then click Apply.
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25.6 Firmware Upgrade Screen
Find firmware at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses the system model name with a “*.bin”
extension, e.g., “NBG.bin”. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may
take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot.
Click Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload
firmware to your NBG.
Get from Time
Server
Select this radio button to have the NBG get the time and date from the time server you
specified below.
Auto Select Auto to have the NBG automatically search for an available time server and
synchronize the date and time with the time server after you click Apply.
User Defined Time
Server Address
Select User Defined Time Server Address and enter the IP address or URL (up to 20
extended ASCII characters in length) of your time server. Check with your ISP/network
administrator if you are unsure of this information.
Time Zone Setup
Time Zone Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time
zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
Daylight Savings Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set their
clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening.
Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.
Start Date (mm/
dd)
Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected Daylight
Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the first Sunday of
April. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M.
local time. So in the United States you would select First, Sunday, April and select 2 in
the o'clock field.
Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All of the
time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment
(1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, March.
The time you select in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In Germany for
instance, you would select 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or
UTC (GMT+1).
End Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Daylight
Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the last Sunday of October. Each time
zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the
United States you would select Last, Sunday, October and select 2 in the o'clock field.
Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October. All of the
time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment
(1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday,
October. The time you select in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In
Germany for instance, you would select 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour
ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG.
Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Ta ble 78 Maintenance > Time (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 126 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Note: Do not turn off the NBG while firmware upload is in progress!
After you see the Firmware Upload In Process screen, wait two minutes before logging into the
NBG again.
The NBG automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some
operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.
Figure 127 Network Temporarily Disconnected
After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen.
If the upload was not successful, an error message appears. Click Return to go back to the
Firmware Upgrad e screen.
25.7 Configuration Backup/Restore Screen
Backup configuration allows you to back up (save) the NBG’s current configuration to a file on your
computer. Once your NBG is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you
back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file
will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings.
Ta ble 79 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade
LABEL DESCRIPTION
File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Select file to find it.
Select file Click Select file to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must
decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them.
Upload Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.
Check for
Latest
Firmware Now
Click this to check for the latest updated firmware.
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Restore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your
computer to your NBG.
Click Maintenance > Backup/Restore. Information related to factory defaults, backup
configuration, and restoring configuration appears as shown next.
Figure 128 Maintenance > Backup/Restore
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Note: If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP
address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default NBG IP
address (192.168.1.2). See Appendix B on page 184 for details on how to set up
your computer’s IP address.
Ta ble 80 Maintenance > Backup/Restore
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Backup Click Backup to save the NBG’s current configuration to your computer.
File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse... to find it.
Select file Click Select file to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress
compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them.
Upload Click Upload to begin the upload process.
Note: Do not turn off the NBG while configuration file upload is in progress.
After you see a “configuration upload successful” screen, you must then wait one minute
before logging into the NBG again. The NBG automatically restarts in this time causing a
temporary network disconnect.
If you see an error screen, click Back to return to the Backup/Restore screen.
Reset Pressing the Reset button in this section clears all user-entered configuration information
and returns the NBG to its factory defaults.
You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your
NBG. Refer to the chapter about introducing the Web Configurator for more information on
the RESET button.
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25.8 Restart Screen
System restart allows you to reboot the NBG without turning the power off.
Click Maintenance > Restart to open the following screen.
Figure 129 Maintenance > Restart
Click Restart to have the NBG reboot. This does not affect the NBG's configuration.
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CHAPTER 26
Troubleshooting
This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential
problems are divided into the following categories.
•Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
•NBG Access and Login
•Internet Access
•Resetting the NBG to Its Factory Defaults
•Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting
•USB Device Problems
26.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
The NBG does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.
1Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the NBG.
2Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the NBG and plugged in to an appropriate
power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.
3Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG.
4If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.
1Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.5 on page 14.
2Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide.
3Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.
4Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the NBG.
5If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
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26.2 NBG Access and Login
I don’t know the IP address of my NBG.
1The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.
2If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the NBG by
looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows
computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default
Gateway might be the IP address of the NBG (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address
in your Internet browser.Set your device to Router Mode, login (see the Quick Start Guide for
instructions) and go to the Device Information table in the Status screen. Your NBG’s IP address
is available in the Device Information table.
•If the DHCP setting under LAN information is None, your device has a fixed IP address.
•If the DHCP setting under LAN information is Client, then your device receives an IP
address from a DHCP server on the network.
3If your NBG is a DHCP client, you can find your IP address from the DHCP server. This information is
only available from the DHCP server which allocates IP addresses on your network. Find this
information directly from the DHCP server or contact your system administrator for more
information.
4Reset your NBG to change all settings back to their default. This means your current settings are
lost. See Section 26.4 on page 171 in the Troubleshooting for information on resetting your NBG.
I forgot the password.
1The default password is 1234.
2If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 26.4 on page
171.
I cannot see or access the Login screen in the Web Configurator.
1Make sure you are using the correct IP address.
• The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.
• If you changed the IP address (Section 14.4 on page 112), use the new IP address.
• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I
don’t know the IP address of my NBG.
2Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide.
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3Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScript and Java
enabled. See Appendix A on page 173.
4Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the NBG. (If you know that there are routers
between your computer and the NBG, skip this step.)
• If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP
address. See Appendix B on page 184.
• If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer’s IP address is in the
same subnet as the NBG. See Appendix B on page 184.
5Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the NBG with the default IP address. See
Section 3.3 on page 30.
6If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
Advanced Suggestion
• If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is
connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port.
I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the NBG.
1Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default password is 1234. This field is
case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
2This can happen when you fail to log out properly from your last session. Try logging in again after
5 minutes.
3Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG.
4If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 26.4 on page
171.
26.3 Internet Access
I cannot access the Internet.
1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide.
2Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are case-
sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
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3If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless
client are the same as the settings in the AP.
4Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again.
5Check your System Operation Mode setting.
•Select Router if your device routes traffic between a local network and another network such
as the Internet.
•Select Access Point if your device bridges traffic between clients on the same network.
•Select Universal Repeater Mode if your device is wirelessly connected to an access point or
wireless router with Internet access. Your computer should be set to obtain an dynamic IP
address.
6Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again.
7If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the NBG), but my
Internet connection is not available anymore.
1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide and Section 1.5 on page 14.
2Reboot the NBG.
3If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.
1There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.5 on page 14.
If the NBG is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the
Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications.
2Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving the NBG closer to the AP if
possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that might be interfering with the wireless
network (for example, microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on).
3Reboot the NBG.
4If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• Check the settings for bandwidth management. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it.
If it is enabled, you might consider changing the allocations.
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• Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you
might consider raising or lowering the priority for some applications.
I set up URL keyword blocking, but I can still access a website that should be blocked.
Make sure that you select the Enable URL Keyword Blocking check box in the Content Filtering
screen. Make sure that the keywords that you type are listed in the Keyword List.
If a keyword that is listed in the Keyword List is not blocked when it is found in a URL, customize
the keyword blocking using commands. See the Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking
section in the Content Filter chapter.
26.4 Resetting the NBG to Its Factory Defaults
If you reset the NBG, you lose all of the changes you have made. The NBG re-loads its default
settings, and the password resets to 1234. You have to make all of your changes again.
You will lose all of your changes when you push the RESET button.
To reset the NBG,
1Make sure the power LED is on.
2Press the RESET button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the NBG.
3Press the RESET button for longer than five seconds to set the NBG back to its factory-default
configurations.
If the NBG restarts automatically, wait for the NBG to finish restarting, and log in to the Web
Configurator. The password is “1234”.
If the NBG does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the NBG’s power. Then, follow
the directions above again.
26.5 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting
I cannot access the NBG or ping any computer from the WLAN (wireless AP or router).
1Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the NBG
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2Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly.
3Make sure the wireless adapter installed on your computer is IEEE 802.11 compatible and supports
the same wireless standard as the NBG.
4Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the transmission range of the
NBG.
5Check that both the NBG and your wireless station are using the same wireless and wireless
security settings.
6Make sure traffic between the WLAN and the LAN is not blocked by the firewall on the NBG.
7Make sure you allow the NBG to be remotely accessed through the WLAN interface. Check your
remote management settings.
• See the chapter on Wireless LAN in the User’s Guide for more information.
I cannot access the Web Configurator after I switched to AP mode.
192.168.1.1 is the default IP in Router mode (the default mode). In AP mode the default IP is
192.168.1.2. So, when you switch from R out er mode to AP mode, you need to use the AP mode IP to
log in.
26.6 USB Device Problems
I cannot access or see a USB device that is connected to the NBG.
1Be sure to install the ZyXEL NetUSB Share Center Utility (for NetUSB functionality) first from the
included disc, or download the latest version from the zyxel.com website.
2Disconnect the problematic USB device, then reconnect it to the NBG.
3Ensure that the USB device has power.
4Check your cable connections.
5Restart the NBG by disconnecting the power and then reconnecting it.
6If the USB device requires a special driver, install the driver from the installation disc that came
with the device. After driver installation, reconnect the USB device to the NBG and try to connect to
it again with your computer.
7If the problem persists, contact your vendor.
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What kind of USB devices do the NBG support?
1It is strongly recommended to use version 2.0 or lower USB storage devices (such as memory
sticks, USB hard drives) and/or USB devices (such as USB printers). Other USB products are not
guaranteed to function properly with the NBG.
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APPENDIX A
IP Addresses and Subnetting
This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks.
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including
computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the
network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use
subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Introduction to IP Addresses
One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same
way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common
network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has
its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets
to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are
delivered.
Structure
An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example,
192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary
number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation).
Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in
decimal.
The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are
the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.
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Figure 130 Network Number and Host ID
How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according
to the subnet mask.
Subnet Masks
A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are
part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “sub-network”.
A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP
address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit
in the IP address is part of the host ID.
The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host
ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).
By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the
leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.
Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value).
For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24
bits are zeroes.
Ta ble 81 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example
1ST OCTET:
(192)
2ND
OCTET:
(168)
3RD
OCTET:
(1)
4TH OCTET
(2)
IP Address (Binary) 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000010
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Network Number 11000000 10101000 00000001
Host ID 00000010
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Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following
examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks.
Network Size
The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have
on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of
remaining host ID bits.
An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit
subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that
network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).
As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of
possible hosts in a network as follows:
Notation
Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a
continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the
number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/”
followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address.
For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128.
The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations.
Ta ble 82 Subnet Masks
BINARY
DECIMAL
1ST
OCTET 2ND
OCTET 3RD
OCTET 4TH OCTET
8-bit mask 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.0
16-bit mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.0
24-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.0
29-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000 255.255.255.248
Ta ble 83 Maximum Host Numbers
SUBNET MASK HOST ID SIZE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF
HOSTS
8 bits 255.0.0.0 24 bits 224 – 2 16777214
16 bits 255.255.0.0 16 bits 216 – 2 65534
24 bits 255.255.255.0 8 bits 28 – 2 254
29 bits 255.255.255.248 3 bits 23 – 2 6
Ta ble 84 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation
SUBNET MASK ALTERNATIVE
NOTATION LAST OCTET
(BINARY) LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL)
255.255.255.0 /24 0000 0000 0
255.255.255.128 /25 1000 0000 128
255.255.255.192 /26 1100 0000 192
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Subnetting
You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example
a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the
company network for security reasons.
In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address
(192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum
of 28 – 2 or 254 possible hosts.
The following figure shows the company network before subnetting.
Figure 131 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting
You can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-
networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25).
The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25
and 192.168.1.128 /25.
The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-
networks, A and B.
255.255.255.224 /27 1110 0000 224
255.255.255.240 /28 1111 0000 240
255.255.255.248 /29 1111 1000 248
255.255.255.252 /30 1111 1100 252
Ta ble 84 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation (continued)
SUBNET MASK ALTERNATIVE
NOTATION LAST OCTET
(BINARY) LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL)
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Figure 132 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting
In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126
possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s
broadcast address).
192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask
255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to
an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126.
Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.
Example: Four Subnets
The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two
subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID
bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192.
Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all
zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).
Ta ble 85 Subnet 1
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address (Decimal) 192.168.1. 0
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.0
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.63
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62
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Example: Eight Subnets
Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111).
The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.
Ta ble 86 Subnet 2
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address 192.168.1. 64
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.64
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.127
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126
Ta ble 87 Subnet 3
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address 192.168.1. 128
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.128
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.191
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190
Ta ble 88 Subnet 4
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address 192.168.1. 192
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.192
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.255
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254
Ta ble 89 Eight Subnets
SUBNET SUBNET
ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST
ADDRESS BROADCAST
ADDRESS
1 0 1 30 31
232 33 62 63
364 65 94 95
496 97 126 127
5128 129 158 159
6160 161 190 191
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Subnet Planning
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number.
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number.
7192 193 222 223
8224 225 254 255
Ta ble 89 Eight Subnets (continued)
SUBNET SUBNET
ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST
ADDRESS BROADCAST
ADDRESS
Ta ble 90 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
1255.255.255.128 (/25) 2126
2255.255.255.192 (/26) 462
3255.255.255.224 (/27) 830
4255.255.255.240 (/28) 16 14
5255.255.255.248 (/29) 32 6
6255.255.255.252 (/30) 64 2
7255.255.255.254 (/31) 128 1
Ta ble 91 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
1255.255.128.0 (/17) 232766
2255.255.192.0 (/18) 416382
3255.255.224.0 (/19) 88190
4255.255.240.0 (/20) 16 4094
5255.255.248.0 (/21) 32 2046
6255.255.252.0 (/22) 64 1022
7255.255.254.0 (/23) 128 510
8255.255.255.0 (/24) 256 254
9255.255.255.128 (/25) 512 126
10 255.255.255.192 (/26) 1024 62
11 255.255.255.224 (/27) 2048 30
12 255.255.255.240 (/28) 4096 14
13 255.255.255.248 (/29) 8192 6
14 255.255.255.252 (/30) 16384 2
15 255.255.255.254 (/31) 32768 1
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Configuring IP Addresses
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your
network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in
selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user
account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this
is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to
192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses
specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You
must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the NBG.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your NBG that is easy to
remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using
that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your NBG will compute the
subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the
subnet mask computed by the NBG unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the
Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to
the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has
reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private
network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP
can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are
part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the
appropriate IP addresses.
Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the
guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address
Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
IP Address Conflicts
Each device on a network must have a unique IP address. Devices with duplicate IP addresses on
the same network will not be able to access the Internet or other resources. The devices may also
be unreachable through the network.
Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example
More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example computer A has a
static (or fixed) IP address that is the same as the IP address that a DHCP server assigns to
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computer B which is a DHCP client. Neither can access the Internet. This problem can be solved by
assigning a different static IP address to computer A or setting computer A to obtain an IP address
automatically.
Figure 133 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example
Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example
Since a router connects different networks, it must have interfaces using different network
numbers. For example, if a router is set between a LAN and the Internet (WAN), the router’s LAN
and WAN addresses must be on different subnets. In the following example, the LAN and WAN are
on the same subnet. The LAN computers cannot access the Internet because the router cannot
route between networks.
Figure 134 Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example
Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example
More than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example, the computer and
the router’s LAN port both use 192.168.1.1 as the IP address. The computer cannot access the
Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a different IP address to the computer or the
router’s LAN port.
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Figure 135 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example
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APPENDIX B
Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address
Note: Your specific NBG may not support all of the operating systems described in this
appendix. See the product specifications for more information about which
operating systems are supported.
This appendix shows you how to configure the IP settings on your computer in order for it to be
able to communicate with the other devices on your network. Windows Vista/XP/2000, Mac OS 9/
OS X, and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to use TCP/IP on
your computer.
If you manually assign IP information instead of using a dynamic IP, make sure that your network’s
computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet.
In this appendix, you can set up an IP address for:
•Windows XP/NT/2000 on page 184
•Windows Vista on page 188
•Windows 7 on page 192
•Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 on page 196
•Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6 on page 199
•Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) on page 202
•Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) on page 206
Windows XP/NT/2000
The following example uses the default Windows XP display theme but can also apply to Windows
2000 and Windows NT.
1Click Start > Control Panel.
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2In the Control Panel, click the Network Connections icon.
3Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
4On the General tab, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click Properties.
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5The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens.
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6Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP
address dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default
gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network
administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS
server, if that information was provided.
7Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
8Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
Verifying Settings
1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].
You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network
connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection
information.
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Windows Vista
This section shows screens from Windows Vista Professional.
1Click Start > Control Panel.
2In the Control Panel, click the Network and Internet icon.
3Click the Network and Sharing Center icon.
4Click Manage network connections.
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5Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying
that it needs your permission to continue.
6Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.
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7The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.
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8Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP
address dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default
gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network
administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS
server, if that information was provided.Click Advanced.
9Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
10 Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
Verifying Settings
1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].
You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network
connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection
information.
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Windows 7
This section shows screens from Windows 7 Enterprise.
1Click Start > Control Panel.
2In the Control Panel, click View network status and tasks under the Network and Internet
category.
3Click Change adapter settings.
4Double click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
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Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying
that it needs your permission to continue.
5Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.
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6The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.
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7Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP
address dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default
gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network
administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS
server, if that information was provided. Click Advanced if you want to configure advanced
settings for IP, DNS and WINS.
8Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
9Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
Verifying Settings
1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].
3The IP settings are displayed as follows.
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Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4
The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.4 but can also apply to 10.3.
1Click Apple > System Preferen ces .
2In the System Preferences window, click the Network icon.
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3When the Network preferences pane opens, select Built-in Ethernet from the network
connection type list, and then click Configure.
4For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configur e IPv4 list in the TCP/IP
tab.
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5For statically assigned settings, do the following:
•From the Configure IPv4 list, select Manually.
•In the IP Address field, type your IP address.
•In the Subnet Mask field, type your subnet mask.
•In the Router field, type the IP address of your device.
6Click Apply Now and close the window.
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then
selecting the appropriate Network Interface from the Info tab.
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Figure 136 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Utility
Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6
The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.5 but can also apply to 10.6.
1Click Apple > System Preferen ces .
2In System Preferen ces, click the Network icon.
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3When the Network preferences pane opens, select Ethernet from the list of available connection
types.
4From the Configure list, select Using DHCP for dynamically assigned settings.
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5For statically assigned settings, do the following:
•From the Configure list, select Manually.
•In the IP Address field, enter your IP address.
•In the Subnet Mask field, enter your subnet mask.
•In the Router field, enter the IP address of your NBG.
6Click Apply and close the window.
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then
selecting the appropriate Network interface from the Info tab.
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Figure 137 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Utility
Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME)
This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the GNU Object Model
Environment (GNOME) using the Ubuntu 8 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file
locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual
configuration. The following screens use the default Ubuntu 8 installation.
Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.
Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in GNOME:
1Click System > Administration > Network.
2When the Network Settings window opens, click Unlock to open the Authenticate window. (By
default, the Unlock button is greyed out until clicked.) You cannot make changes to your
configuration unless you first enter your admin password.
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3In the Authenticate window, enter your admin account name and password then click the
Authenticate button.
4In the Network Settings window, select the connection that you want to configure, then click
Properties.
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5The Properties dialog box opens.
•In the Configuration list, select Automatic Configuration (DHCP ) if you have a dynamic IP
address.
•In the Configuration list, select Static IP address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the
IP address, Subnet mask, and Gateway address fields.
6Click OK to save the changes and close the Properties dialog box and return to the Network
Settings screen.
7If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Settings window
and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.
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8Click the Close button to apply the changes.
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking System > Administration > Network Tools, and then
selecting the appropriate Network device from the Devices tab. The Interface Statistics
column shows data if your connection is working properly.
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Figure 138 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools
Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE)
This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the K Desktop
Environment (KDE) using the openSUSE 10.3 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file
locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual
configuration. The following screens use the default openSUSE 10.3 installation.
Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.
Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in the KDE:
1Click K Menu > Computer > Administrator Settings (YaST).
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2When the Run as Root - KDE su dialog opens, enter the admin password and click OK.
3When the YaST Control Center window opens, select Network Devices and then click the
Network Card icon.
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4When the Network Settings window opens, click the Overview tab, select the appropriate
connection Name from the list, and then click the Configure button.
5When the Network Card Setup window opens, click the Address tab
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Figure 139 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup
6Select Dynamic Address (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address.
Select Statically assigned IP Address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address,
Subnet mask, and Hostname fields.
7Click Next to save the changes and close the Network Card Setup window.
8If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the Hostname/DNS tab in Network Settings
and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.
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9Click Finish to save your settings and close the window.
Verifying Settings
Click the KNetwork Manager icon on the Task bar to check your TCP/IP properties. From the
Options sub-menu, select Show Conne ction Information.
Figure 140 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager
When the Connection Status - KNetwork Manager window opens, click the Statistics tab to
see if your connection is working properly.
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Figure 141 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager
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APPENDIX C
Wireless LANs
Wireless LAN Topologies
This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.
Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration
The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of
computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within
range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an
ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example
of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an ad-hoc wireless LAN.
Figure 142 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network
BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a
wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless
client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is
disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with
each other.
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Figure 143 Basic Service Set
ESS
An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access
point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection
between APs is called a Distribution System (DS).
This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only
provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the
immediate neighborhood.
An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated
wireless clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate.
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Figure 144 Infrastructure WLAN
Channel
A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data.
Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your
region) so you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce
interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing
interference and degrading performance.
Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should
be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For
example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to
select a channel between 6 or 11.
RTS/CTS
A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not
within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are
within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they
cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore,
they are considered hidden from each other.
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Figure 145 RTS/CTS
When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the
channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of
data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.
RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest
size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is
invoked.
When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set, the station that wants to transmit this
frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The
AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify
them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time
frame for the requested transmission.
Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS
(Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.
You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and
the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS
(Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.
If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the
RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be
fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.
Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could
negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.
Fragmentation Threshold
A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent in the wireless
network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames.
A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while
you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference.
If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you
set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames
will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.
Appendix C Wireless LANs
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Preamble Type
Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of
the synchronization field in a packet.
Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending
data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short
preamble.
Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network
support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks.
Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide
more efficient communications.
Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the
network support it, otherwise the NBG uses long preamble.
Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.
Wireless Security Overview
Wireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless
clients, access points and the wired network.
Wireless security methods available on the NBG are data encryption, wireless client authentication,
restricting access by device MAC address and hiding the NBG identity.
The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on
your NBG.
Note: You must enable the same wireless security settings on the NBG and on all wireless
clients that you want to associate with it.
Ta ble 92 Wireless Security Levels
SECURITY
LEVEL SECURITY TYPE
Least
Secure
Most Secure
Unique SSID (Default)
Unique SSID with Hide SSID Enabled
MAC Address Filtering
WEP Encryption
IEEE802.1x EAP with RADIUS Server Authentication
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
WPA2
Appendix C Wireless LANs
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IEEE 802.1x
In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to
support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It
is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x
are:
• User based identification that allows for roaming.
• Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for
centralized user profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server.
• Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional
authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless
clients.
RADIUS
RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and
accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server
handles the following tasks:
• Authentication
Determines the identity of the users.
•Authorization
Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the
network.
• Accounting
Keeps track of the client’s network activity.
RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the
wireless client and the network RADIUS server.
Types of RADIUS Messages
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS
server for user authentication:
• Access-Request
Sent by an access point requesting authentication.
• Access-Reject
Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.
• Access-Accept
Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access.
• Access-Challenge
Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point
sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message.
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS
server for user accounting:
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• Accounting-Request
Sent by the access point requesting accounting.
• Accounting-Response
Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting.
In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret
key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the
shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from
unauthorized access.
Types of EAP Authentication
This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and
LEAP. Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types.
EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE
802.1x transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP
to interact with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a
RADIUS server perform authentication.
The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that
supports IEEE 802.1x. .
For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain
the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used
to authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate
owner.
EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)
MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server
sends a challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client ‘proves’ that it knows the password by
encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in
plain text.
However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get
the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the
authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an
authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication.
Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You
must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption.
EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)
With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for
mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of
the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done
in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive
attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity.
However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which
imposes a management overhead.
Appendix C Wireless LANs
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EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service)
EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-
side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending
username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client
authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP,
CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2.
PEAP (Protected EAP)
Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then
use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the
clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5,
EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is
implemented only by Cisco.
LEAP
LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x.
Dynamic WEP Key Exchange
The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the
wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is
generated each time reauthentication is performed.
If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless
security configuration screen. You may still configure and store keys, but they will not be used while
dynamic WEP is enabled.
Note: EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key Exchange
For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic
keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public
deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a
comparison of the features of authentication types.
Ta ble 93 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types
EAP-MD5 EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS PEAP LEAP
Mutual Authentication No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Certificate – Client No Yes Optional Optional No
Certificate – Server No Yes Yes Yes No
Dynamic Key Exchange No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Credential Integrity None Strong Strong Strong Moderate
Deployment Difficulty Easy Hard Moderate Moderate Moderate
Client Identity Protection No No Yes Yes No
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WPA and WPA2
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a
wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management
than WPA.
Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user
authentication.
If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use
WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use
WPA2-PSK (WPA2-Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into
each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless
client will be granted access to a WLAN.
If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on
whether you have an external RADIUS server or not.
Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less
secure than WPA or WPA2.
Encryption
WPA improves data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity
Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA2 also uses TKIP when required for compatibility reasons, but
offers stronger encryption than TKIP with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter
mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP).
TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server.
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm
called Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check
(MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying
mechanism.
WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is
never used twice.
The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key
hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption
keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless
clients. This all happens in the background automatically.
The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets,
altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the
receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is
assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped.
By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity
checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi
network than WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network.
The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference
between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific
credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force
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password-guessing attacks but it’s still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent,
single, alphanumeric password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal
encryption keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of
WEP)
User Authentication
WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate
wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange
messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a
network. Other WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and
pre-authentication. These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless
devices.
Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication
with an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not
need to go with the authentication process again.
Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an
AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it.
Wireless Client WPA Supplicants
A wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless
client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch
for Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client.
The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero
Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it.
WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example
To set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812),
and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server
looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system.
1The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.
2The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies
network access accordingly.
3A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the RADIUS
server and the client.
4The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and
management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The
keys are used to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and
the wireless clients.
Appendix C Wireless LANs
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222
Figure 146 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example
WPA(2)-PSK Application Example
A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.
1First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must
consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters (including spaces and
symbols).
2The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password
matches.
3The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not
sent over the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID.
4The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information
exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data
exchanged between them.
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223
Figure 147 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication
Security Parameters Summary
Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each
authentication method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on
how you configure these security features.
Antenna Overview
An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to
the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by
capturing RF signals from the air.
Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN.
Ta ble 94 Wireless Security Relational Matrix
AUTHENTICATION
METHOD/ KEY
MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL
ENCRYPTIO
N METHOD ENTER
MANUAL KEY IEEE 802.1X
Open None No Disable
Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Open WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Disable
Shared WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Disable
WPA TKIP/AES No Enable
WPA-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable
WPA2 TKIP/AES No Enable
WPA2-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable
Appendix C Wireless LANs
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224
Antenna Characteristics
Frequency
An antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz or 5GHz is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless
LAN
Radiation Pattern
A radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antenna’s coverage
area.
Antenna Gain
Antenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width.
Higher antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications.
For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately
2.5%. For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of
approximately 5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment.
Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal
power compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna
that sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the
antenna provides.
Types of Antennas for WLAN
There are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications.
• Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The
coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room
environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage
areas with multiple access points.
• Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light
from its bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles
typically range from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional
antennas are ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications.
Positioning Antennas
In general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In
point-to–point application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to
each other to attain the best performance.
For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For
omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP
application, place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible.
For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area.
NBG6515 User’s Guide
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APPENDIX D
Common Services
The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port
numbers. For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/code numbers and services, visit
the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) web site.
•Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a
different one, if you like.
•Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service
uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP
protocol number, not the port number.
•Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information
about port numbers.
•If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number.
•If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number.
•Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations
in which this service is used.
Ta ble 95 Commonly Used Services
NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
AH
(IPSEC_TUNNEL)
User-Defined 51 The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header)
tunneling protocol uses this service.
AIM/New-ICQ TCP 5190 AOL’s Internet Messenger service. It is
also used as a listening port by ICQ.
AUTH TCP 113 Authentication protocol used by some
servers.
BGP TCP 179 Border Gateway Protocol.
BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68 DHCP Client.
BOOTP_SERVER UDP 67 DHCP Server.
CU-SEEME TCP
UDP
7648
24032
A popular videoconferencing solution from
White Pines Software.
DNS TCP/UDP 53 Domain Name Server, a service that
matches web names (for example
www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers.
ESP
(IPSEC_TUNNEL)
User-Defined 50 The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security
Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this
service.
FINGER TCP 79 Finger is a UNIX or Internet related
command that can be used to find out if a
user is logged on.
FTP TCP
TCP
20
21
File Transfer Program, a program to enable
fast transfer of files, including large files
that may not be possible by e-mail.
H.323 TCP 1720 NetMeeting uses this protocol.
Appendix D Common Services
NBG6515 User’s Guide
226
HTTP TCP 80 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/
server protocol for the world wide web.
HTTPS TCP 443 HTTPS is a secured http session often used
in e-commerce.
ICMP User-Defined 1Internet Control Message Protocol is often
used for diagnostic or routing purposes.
ICQ UDP 4000 This is a popular Internet chat program.
IGMP (MULTICAST) User-Defined 2Internet Group Management Protocol is
used when sending packets to a specific
group of hosts.
IKE UDP 500 The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is
used for key distribution and
management.
IRC TCP/UDP 6667 This is another popular Internet chat
program.
MSN Messenger TCP 1863 Microsoft Networks’ messenger service
uses this protocol.
NEW-ICQ TCP 5190 An Internet chat program.
NEWS TCP 144 A protocol for news groups.
NFS UDP 2049 Network File System - NFS is a client/
server distributed file service that provides
transparent file sharing for network
environments.
NNTP TCP 119 Network News Transport Protocol is the
delivery mechanism for the USENET
newsgroup service.
PING User-Defined 1Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that
sends out ICMP echo requests to test
whether or not a remote host is reachable.
POP3 TCP 110 Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client
computer get e-mail from a POP3 server
through a temporary connection (TCP/IP
or other).
PPTP TCP 1723 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables
secure transfer of data over public
networks. This is the control channel.
PPTP_TUNNEL
(GRE)
User-Defined 47 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)
enables secure transfer of data over public
networks. This is the data channel.
RCMD TCP 512 Remote Command Service.
REAL_AUDIO TCP 7070 A streaming audio service that enables
real time sound over the web.
REXEC TCP 514 Remote Execution Daemon.
RLOGIN TCP 513 Remote Login.
RTELNET TCP 107 Remote Telnet.
RTSP TCP/UDP 554 The Real Time Streaming (media control)
Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for
multimedia on the Internet.
SFTP TCP 115 Simple File Transfer Protocol.
Ta ble 95 Commonly Used Services (continued)
NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
Appendix D Common Services
NBG6515 User’s Guide
227
SMTP TCP 25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the
message-exchange standard for the
Internet. SMTP enables you to move
messages from one e-mail server to
another.
SNMP TCP/UDP 161 Simple Network Management Program.
SNMP-TRAPS TCP/UDP 162 Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215).
SQL-NET TCP 1521 Structured Query Language is an interface
to access data on many different types of
database systems, including mainframes,
midrange systems, UNIX systems and
network servers.
SSH TCP/UDP 22 Secure Shell Remote Login Program.
STRM WORKS UDP 1558 Stream Works Protocol.
SYSLOG UDP 514 Syslog allows you to send system logs to a
UNIX server.
TACACS UDP 49 Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal
Access Controller Access Control System).
TELNET TCP 23 Telnet is the login and terminal emulation
protocol common on the Internet and in
UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/
IP networks. Its primary function is to
allow users to log into remote host
systems.
TFTP UDP 69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet
file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but
uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
rather than TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol).
VDOLIVE TCP 7000 Another videoconferencing solution.
Ta ble 95 Commonly Used Services (continued)
NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
Appendix D Common Services
NBG6515 User’s Guide
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229
APPENDIX E
Legal Information
Copyright
Copyright © 2016 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into
any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it
convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any
products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.
Regulatory Notice and Statement
UNITED STATES of AMERICA
The following information applies if you use the product within USA area.
FCC EMC St atement
• The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
• Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the
device.
• This product has been tested and complies with the specifications for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used according to the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation.
• If this device does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which is found by turning the device off and on, the user
is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
•Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna
•Increase the separation between the devices
•Connect the equipment to an outlet other than the receiver’s
•Consult a dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for assistance
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
• This device complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.
This transmitter must be at least 20 cm from the user and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or
transmitter.
CANADA
The following information applies if you use the product within Canada area
Industry Canada ICES statement
ICAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B)
Appendix E Legal Information
NBG6515 User’s Guide
230
Industry Canada RSS-GEN & RSS-247 st atement
• This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1)
this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause
undesired operation of the device.
• This radio transmitter (2468C-NBG6515) has been approved by Industry Canada to operate with the antenna types listed below with
the maximum permissible gain and required antenna impedance for each antenna type indicated. Antenna types not included in this
list, having a gain greater than the maximum gain indicated for that type, are strictly prohibited for use with this device.
Antenna Information
If the product with 5G wireless function operating in 5150-5250 MHz and 5725-5850 MHz , the following attention must be paid,
• The device for operation in the band 5150-5250 MHz is only for indoor use to reduce the potential for harmful interference to co-
channel mobile satellite systems.
• For devices with detachable antenna(s), the maximum antenna gain permitted for devices in the band 5725-5850 MHz shall be such
that the equipment still complies with the e.i.r.p. limits specified for point-to-point and non-point-to-point operation as appropriate;
and
• The worst-case tilt angle(s) necessary to remain compliant with the e.i.r.p. elevation mask requirement set forth in Section 6.2.2(3) of
RSS 247 shall be clearly indicated.
If the product with 5G wireless function operating in 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz , the following attention must be paid.
• For devices with detachable antenna(s), the maximum antenna gain permitted for devices in the bands 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-
5725 MHz shall be such that the equipment still complies with the e.i.r.p. limit
• Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L’exploitation est
autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) l’appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l’utilisateur de l’appareil doit accepter
tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.
• Le présent émetteur radio (2468C-NBG6515) de modèle s'il fait partie du matériel de catégorieI) a été approuvé par Industrie Canada
pour fonctionner avec les types d'antenne énumérés ci-dessous et ayant un gain admissible maximal et l'impédance requise pour
chaque type d'antenne. Les types d'antenne non inclus dans cette liste, ou dont le gain est supérieur au gain maximal indiqué, sont
strictement interdits pour l'exploitation de l'émetteur.
Informations Antenne
Lorsque la fonction sans fil 5G fonctionnant en5150-5250 MHz and 5725-5850 MHz est activée pour ce produit , il est nécessaire de porter
une attention particulière aux choses suivantes
• Les dispositifs fonctionnant dans la bande 5150-5250 MHz sont réservés uniquement pour une utilisation à l’intérieur afin de réduire
les risques de brouillage préjudiciable aux systèmes de satellites mobiles utilisant les mêmes canaux;
• Pour les dispositifs munis d’antennes amovibles, le gain maximal d'antenne permis (pour les dispositifs utilisant la bande de 5 725 à 5
850 MHz) doit être conforme à la limite de la p.i.r.e. spécifiée pour l'exploitation point à point et l’exploitation non point à point, selon
le cas;
• Les pires angles d’inclinaison nécessaires pour rester conforme à l’exigence de la p.i.r.e. applicable au masque d’élévation, et énoncée
à la section 6.2.2 3) du CNR-247, doivent être clairement indiqués.
Lorsque la fonction sans fil 5G fonctionnant en 5250-5350 MHz et 5470-5725 MHz est activée pour ce produit , il est nécessaire de
porter une attention particulière aux choses suivantes
• Pour les dispositifs munis d’antennes amovibles, le gain maximal d'antenne permis pour les dispositifs utilisant les bandes de 5 250 à
5 350 MHz et de 5 470 à 5 725 MHz doit être conforme à la limite de la p.i.r.e.
Industry Canada radiation exposure statement
This device complies with IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This device should be installed and
operated with a minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator and your body.
Déclaration d’exposition aux radiations:
Cet équipement est conforme aux limites d’exposition aux rayonnements IC établies pour un environnement non contrôlé. Cet
équipement doit être installé et utilisé avec un minimum de 20 cm de distance entre la source de rayonnement et votre corps.
TYPE MANUFACTURER GAIN CONNECTOR
External Aristotle 2.4GHz – 3dBi
5GHz – 5dBi
i-pex
TYPE FABRICANT GAIN CONNECTEUR
External Aristotle 2.4GHz – 3dBi
5GHz – 5dBi
i-pex
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231
EUROPEAN UNION
The following information applies if you use the product within the European Union.
Declaration of Conformity with Regard to EU Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE Directive)
Compliance information for 2.4GHz and/or 5GHz wireless products relevant to the EU and other Countries following the EU Directive 1999/
5/EC (R&TTE)
Български
(Bulgarian) С настоящото ZyXEL декларира, че това оборудване е в съответствие със съществените изисквания и другите
приложими разпоредбите на Директива 1999/5/ЕC.
Español
(Spanish) Por medio de la presente ZyXEL declara que el equipo cumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras
disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la Directiva 1999/5/CE.
Čeština
(Czech) ZyXEL tímto prohlašuje, že tento zařízení je ve shodě se základními požadavky a dalšími příslušnými ustanoveními
směrnice 1999/5/EC.
Dansk (Danish) Undertegnede ZyXEL erklærer herved, at følgende udstyr udstyr overholder de væsentlige krav og øvrige relevante
krav i direktiv 1999/5/EF.
Deutsch
(German) Hiermit erklärt ZyXEL, dass sich das Gerät Ausstattung in Übereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen
und den übrigen einschlägigen Bestimmungen der Richtlinie 1999/5/EU befindet.
Eesti keel
(Estonian) Käesolevaga kinnitab ZyXEL seadme seadmed vastavust direktiivi 1999/5/EÜ põhinõuetele ja nimetatud direktiivist
tulenevatele teistele asjakohastele sätetele.
Ελληνικά
(Greek) ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑ ZyXEL ∆ΗΛΩΝΕΙ ΟΤΙ εξοπλισμός ΣΥΜΜΟΡΦΩΝΕΤΑΙ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΣ ΟΥΣΙΩ∆ΕΙΣ ΑΠΑΙΤΗΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΙΣ
ΛΟΙΠΕΣ ΣΧΕΤΙΚΕΣ ∆ΙΑΤΑΞΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ Ο∆ΗΓΙΑΣ 1999/5/ΕC.
English Hereby, ZyXEL declares that this device is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions
of Directive 1999/5/EC.
Français
(French) Par la présente ZyXEL déclare que l'appareil équipements est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux autres
dispositions pertinentes de la directive 1999/5/EC.
Hrvatski
(Croatian) ZyXEL ovime izjavljuje da je radijska oprema tipa u skladu s Direktivom 1999/5/EC.
Íslenska
(Icelandic) Hér með lýsir, ZyXEL því yfir að þessi búnaður er í samræmi við grunnkröfur og önnur viðeigandi ákvæði tilskipunar
1999/5/EC.
Italiano
(Italian) Con la presente ZyXEL dichiara che questo attrezzatura è conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni
pertinenti stabilite dalla direttiva 1999/5/CE.
Latviešu valoda
(Latvian) Ar šo ZyXEL deklarē, ka iekārtas atbilst Direktīvas 1999/5/EK būtiskajām prasībām un citiem ar to saistītajiem
noteikumiem.
Lietuvių kalba
(Lithuanian) Šiuo ZyXEL deklaruoja, kad šis įranga atitinka esminius reikalavimus ir kitas 1999/5/EB Direktyvos nuostatas.
Magyar
(Hungarian) Alulírott, ZyXEL nyilatkozom, hogy a berendezés megfelel a vonatkozó alapvetõ követelményeknek és az 1999/5/EK
irányelv egyéb elõírásainak.
Malti (Maltese) Hawnhekk, ZyXEL, jiddikjara li dan tagħmir jikkonforma mal-ħtiġijiet essenzjali u ma provvedimenti oħrajn relevanti li
hemm fid-Dirrettiva 1999/5/EC.
Nederlands
(Dutch) Hierbij verklaart ZyXEL dat het toestel uitrusting in overeenstemming is met de essentiële eisen en de andere
relevante bepalingen van richtlijn 1999/5/EC.
Polski (Polish) Niniejszym ZyXEL oświadcza, że sprzęt jest zgodny z zasadniczymi wymogami oraz pozostałymi stosownymi
postanowieniami Dyrektywy 1999/5/EC.
Português
(Portuguese) ZyXEL declara que este equipamento está conforme com os requisitos essenciais e outras disposições da Directiva
1999/5/EC.
Română
(Romanian) Prin prezenta, ZyXEL declară că acest echipament este în conformitate cu cerinţele esenţiale şi alte prevederi
relevante ale Directivei 1999/5/EC.
Slovenčina
(Slovak) ZyXEL týmto vyhlasuje, že zariadenia spĺňa základné požiadavky a všetky príslušné ustanovenia Smernice 1999/5/EC.
Slovenščina
(Slovene) ZyXEL izjavlja, da je ta oprema v skladu z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi relevantnimi določili direktive 1999/5/EC.
Suomi
(Finnish) ZyXEL vakuuttaa täten että laitteet tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien
direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen.
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232
This device is restricted to indoor use only when operating in the 5150 to 5350 MHz frequency range.
National Restrictions
This product may be used in all EU countries (and other countries following the EU Directive 1999/5/EC) without any limitation except for
the countries mentioned below:
Ce produit peut être utilisé dans tous les pays de l’UE (et dans tous les pays ayant transposés la directive 1999/5/CE) sans aucune
limitation, excepté pour les pays mentionnés ci-dessous:
Questo prodotto è utilizzabile in tutte i paesi EU (ed in tutti gli altri paesi che seguono le direttiva 1999/5/EC) senza nessuna limitazione,
eccetto per i paesii menzionati di seguito:
Das Produkt kann in allen EU Staaten ohne Einschränkungen eingesetzt werden (sowie in anderen Staaten die der Richtlinie 1999/5/CE
folgen) mit Außnahme der folgenden aufgeführten Staaten:
In the majority of the EU and other European countries, the 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands have been made available for the use of wireless
local area networks (LANs). Later in this document you will find an overview of countries in which additional restrictions or requirements
or both are applicable.
The requirements for any country may evolve. ZyXEL recommends that you check with the local authorities for the latest status of their
national regulations for both the 2.4GHz and 5GHz wireless LANs.
The following countries have restrictions and/or requirements in addition to those given in the table labeled “Overview of Regulatory
Requirements for Wireless LANs”:.
Belgium
The Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) must be notified of any outdoor wireless link having a range
exceeding 300 meters. Please check http://www.bipt.be for more details.
Draadloze verbindingen voor buitengebruik en met een reikwijdte van meer dan 300 meter dienen aangemeld te worden bij het Belgisch
Instituut voor postdiensten en telecommunicatie (BIPT). Zie http://www.bipt.be voor meer gegevens.
Les liaisons sans fil pour une utilisation en extérieur d’une distance supérieure à 300 mètres doivent être notifiées à l’Institut Belge des
services Postaux et des Télécommunications (IBPT). Visitez http://www.ibpt.be pour de plus amples détails.
Denmark
In Denmark, the band 5150 - 5350 MHz is also allowed for outdoor usage.
I Danmark må frekvensbåndet 5150 - 5350 også anvendes udendørs.
Italy
This product meets the National Radio Interface and the requirements specified in the National Frequency Allocation Table for Italy. Unless
this wireless LAN product is operating within the boundaries of the owner's property, its use requires a “general authorization.” Please
check http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ for more details.
Questo prodotto è conforme alla specifiche di Interfaccia Radio Nazionali e rispetta il Piano Nazionale di ripartizione delle frequenze in
Italia. Se non viene installato all 'interno del proprio fondo, l'utilizzo di prodotti Wireless LAN richiede una “Autorizzazione Generale”.
Consultare http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ per maggiori dettagli.
Latvia
The outdoor usage of the 2.4 GHz band requires an authorization from the Electronic Communications Office. Please check http://
www.esd.lv for more details.
2.4 GHz frekvenèu joslas izmantoðanai ârpus telpâm nepiecieðama atïauja no Elektronisko sakaru direkcijas. Vairâk informâcijas: http://
www.esd.lv.
Notes:
1. Although Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein are not EU member states, the EU Directive 1999/5/EC has also been implemented in
those countries.
2. The regulatory limits for maximum output power are specified in EIRP. The EIRP level (in dBm) of a device can be calculated by adding
the gain of the antenna used(specified in dBi) to the output power available at the connector (specified in dBm).
Svenska
(Swedish) Härmed intygar ZyXEL att denna utrustning står I överensstämmelse med de väsentliga egenskapskrav och övriga
relevanta bestämmelser som framgår av direktiv 1999/5/EC.
Norsk
(Norwegian) Erklærer herved ZyXEL at dette utstyret er I samsvar med de grunnleggende kravene og andre relevante
bestemmelser I direktiv 1999/5/EF.
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233
List of national codes
Safety Warnings
• Do not use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Do not expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do not store things on the device.
• Do not install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do not open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY
qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Do not remove the plug and connect it to a power outlet by itself; always attach the plug to the power adaptor first before connecting
it to a power outlet.
• Do not allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor
or cord.
• Please use the provided or designated connection cables/power cables/ adaptors. Connect it to the right supply voltage (for example,
110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe). If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, it might cause electrocution. Remove it
from the device and the power source, repairing the power adapter or cord is prohibited. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• CAUTION: Risk of explosion if battery is replaced by an incorrect type, dispose of used batteries according to the instruction. Dispose
them at the applicable collection point for the recycling of electrical and electronic devices. For detailed information about recycling of
this product, please contact your local city office, your household waste disposal service or the store where you purchased the product.
• Do not obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.
The following warning statements apply, where the disconnect device is not incorporated in the device or where the plug on the power
supply cord is intended to serve as the disconnect device,
• For permanently connected devices, a readily accessible disconnect device shall be incorporated external to the device;
• For pluggable devices, the socket-outlet shall be installed near the device and shall be easily accessible.
Environment Statement
ErP (Energy-related Products)
ZyXEL products put on the EU market in compliance with the requirement of the European Parliament and the Council published Directive
2009/125/EC establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products (recast), so called
as "ErP Directive (Energy-related Products directive) as well as ecodesign requirement laid down in applicable implementing measures,
power consumption has satisfied regulation requirements which are:
Network standby power consumption < 12W, and/or
Off mode power consumption < 0.5W, and/or
Standby mode power consumption < 0.5W.
Wireless setting, please refer to "Wireless" chapter for more detail.
COUNTRY ISO 3166 2 LETTER CODE COUNTRY ISO 3166 2 LETTER CODE
Austria AT Liechtenstein LI
Belgium BE Lithuania LT
Bulgaria BG Luxembourg LU
Croatia HR Malta MT
Cyprus CY Netherlands NL
Czech Republic CZ Norway NO
Denmark DK Poland PL
Estonia EE Portugal PT
Finland FI Romania RO
France FR Serbia RS
Germany DE Slovakia SK
Greece GR Slovenia SI
Hungary HU Spain ES
Iceland IS Switzerland CH
Ireland IE Sweden SE
Italy IT Turkey TR
Latvia LV United Kingdom GB
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European Union - Disposal and Recycling Information
The symbol below means that according to local regulations your product and/or its battery shall be disposed of separately from domestic
waste. If this product is end of life, take it to a recycling station designated by local authorities. At the time of disposal, the separate
collection of your product and/or its battery will help save natural resources and ensure that the environment is sustainable development.
Die folgende Symbol bedeutet, dass Ihr Produkt und/oder seine Batterie gemäß den örtlichen Bestimmungen getrennt vom Hausmüll
entsorgt werden muss. Wenden Sie sich an eine Recyclingstation, wenn dieses Produkt das Ende seiner Lebensdauer erreicht hat. Zum
Zeitpunkt der Entsorgung wird die getrennte Sammlung von Produkt und/oder seiner Batterie dazu beitragen, natürliche Ressourcen zu
sparen und die Umwelt und die menschliche Gesundheit zu schützen.
El símbolo de abajo indica que según las regulaciones locales, su producto y/o su batería deberán depositarse como basura separada de la
doméstica. Cuando este producto alcance el final de su vida útil, llévelo a un punto limpio. Cuando llegue el momento de desechar el
producto, la recogida por separado éste y/o su batería ayudará a salvar los recursos naturales y a proteger la salud humana y
medioambiental.
Le symbole ci-dessous signifie que selon les réglementations locales votre produit et/ou sa batterie doivent être éliminés séparément des
ordures ménagères. Lorsque ce produit atteint sa fin de vie, amenez-le à un centre de recyclage. Au moment de la mise au rebut, la
collecte séparée de votre produit et/ou de sa batterie aidera à économiser les ressources naturelles et protéger l'environnement et la
santé humaine.
Il simbolo sotto significa che secondo i regolamenti locali il vostro prodotto e/o batteria deve essere smaltito separatamente dai rifiuti
domestici. Quando questo prodotto raggiunge la fine della vita di servizio portarlo a una stazione di riciclaggio. Al momento dello
smaltimento, la raccolta separata del vostro prodotto e/o della sua batteria aiuta a risparmiare risorse naturali e a proteggere l'ambiente
e la salute umana.
Symbolen innebär att enligt lokal lagstiftning ska produkten och/eller dess batteri kastas separat från hushållsavfallet. När den här
produkten når slutet av sin livslängd ska du ta den till en återvinningsstation. Vid tiden för kasseringen bidrar du till en bättre miljö och
mänsklig hälsa genom att göra dig av med den på ett återvinningsställe.
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Environmental Product Declaration
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台灣
以下訊息僅適用於產品具有無線功能且銷售至台灣地區
第十二條 經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司，商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。
第十四條 低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經發現有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。
前項合法通信，指依電信法規定作業之無線電通信。 低功率射頻電機須忍受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。
用 20cm 計算 MPE 能符合 1 mW/cm2
電磁波曝露量 MPE 標準值 1mW/cm2，送測產品實測值為： 0.199 mW/cm2
無線資訊傳輸設備忍受合法通信之干擾且不得干擾合法通信；如造成干擾，應立即停用， 俟無干擾之虞，始得繼續使用。
無線資訊傳設備的製造廠商應確保頻率穩定性，如依製造廠商使用手冊上所述正常操作， 發射的信號應維持於操作頻帶中
以下訊息僅適用於產品操作於 5.25-5.35 秭赫頻帶內並銷售至台灣地區
• 在 5.25-5.35 秭赫頻帶內操作之無線資訊傳輸設備，限於室內使用。
以下訊息僅適用於產品屬於專業安裝並銷售至台灣地區
• 本器材須經專業工程人員安裝及設定，始得 設置使用，且不得直接販售給一般消費者
安全警告
為了您的安全，請先閱讀以下警告及指示 :
• 請勿將此產品接近水、火焰或放置在高溫的環境。
• 避免設備接觸任何液體 - 切勿讓設備接觸水、雨水、高濕度、污水腐蝕性的液體或其他水份。
• 灰塵及污物 - 切勿接觸灰塵、污物、沙土、食物或其他不合適的材料。
• 雷雨天氣時，不要安裝，使用或維修此設備。有遭受電擊的風險。
• 切勿重摔或撞擊設備，並勿使用不正確的電源變壓器。
• 若接上不正確的電源變壓器會有爆炸的風險。
• 請勿隨意更換產品內的電池。
• 如果更換不正確之電池型式，會有爆炸的風險，請依製造商說明書處理使用過之電池。
• 請將廢電池丟棄在適當的電器或電子設備回收處。
• 請勿將設備解體。
• 請勿阻礙設備的散熱孔，空氣對流不足將會造成設備損害。
• 請插在正確的電壓供給插座 ( 如 : 北美 / 台灣電壓 110V AC，歐洲是 230V AC)。
• 假若電源變壓器或電源變壓器的纜線損壞，請從插座拔除，若您還繼續插電使用，會有觸電死亡的風險。
• 請勿試圖修理電源變壓器或電源變壓器的纜線，若有毀損，請直接聯絡您購買的店家，購買一個新的電源變壓器。
• 請勿將此設備安裝於室外，此設備僅適合放置於室內。
• 請勿隨一般垃圾丟棄。
• 請參閱產品背貼上的設備額定功率。
• 請參考產品型錄或是彩盒上的作業溫度。
• 產品沒有斷電裝置或者採用電源線的插頭視為斷電裝置的一部分，以下警語將適用 :
－ 對永久連接之設備， 在設備外部須安裝可觸及之斷電裝置；
－ 對插接式之設備， 插座必須接近安裝之地點而且是易於觸及的。
Viewing Certifications
Go to http://www.zyxel.com to view this product’s documentation and certifications.
ZyXEL Limited Warranty
ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in material or workmanship for a specific
period (the Warranty Period) from the date of purchase. The Warranty Period varies by region. Check with your vendor and/or the
authorized ZyXEL local distributor for details about the Warranty Period of this product. During the warranty period, and upon proof of
purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or
replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to
restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally
equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has
been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other
warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in
no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought
the device at http://www.zyxel.com/web/support_warranty_info.php.
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Registration
Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at
www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
Open Source Licenses
This product contains in part some free software distributed under GPL license terms and/or GPL like licenses. Open source licenses are
provided with the firmware package. You can download the latest firmware at www.zyxel.com. To obtain the source code covered under
those Licenses, please contact support@zyxel.com.tw to get it.
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NBG6515 User’s Guide
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APPENDIX F
Customer Support
In the event of problems that cannot be solved by using this manual, you should contact your
vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a ZyXEL office for the region in which you
bought the device.
See http://www.zyxel.com/homepage.shtml and also
http://www.zyxel.com/about_zyxel/zyxel_worldwide.shtml for the latest information.
Please have the following information ready when you contact an office.
Required Information
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide)
Taiwan
• ZyXEL Communications Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com
Asia
China
• ZyXEL Communications (Shanghai) Corp.
ZyXEL Communications (Beijing) Corp.
ZyXEL Communications (Tianjin) Corp.
• http://www.zyxel.cn
India
• ZyXEL Technology India Pvt Ltd
• http://www.zyxel.in
Kazakhstan
•ZyXEL Kazakhstan
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• http://www.zyxel.kz
Korea
• ZyXEL Korea Corp.
• http://www.zyxel.kr
Malaysia
• ZyXEL Malaysia Sdn Bhd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.my
Pakistan
• ZyXEL Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.pk
Philippines
• ZyXEL Philippines
• http://www.zyxel.com.ph
Singapore
• ZyXEL Singapore Pte Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.sg
Taiwan
• ZyXEL Communications Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/tw/zh/
Thailand
• ZyXEL Thailand Co., Ltd
• http://www.zyxel.co.th
Vietnam
• ZyXEL Communications Corporation-Vietnam Office
• http://www.zyxel.com/vn/vi
Europe
Austria
• ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH
• http://www.zyxel.de
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Belarus
•ZyXEL BY
• http://www.zyxel.by
Belgium
• ZyXEL Communications B.V.
• http://www.zyxel.com/be/nl/
• http://www.zyxel.com/be/fr/
Bulgaria
•ZyXEL България
• http://www.zyxel.com/bg/bg/
Czech Republic
• ZyXEL Communications Czech s.r.o
• http://www.zyxel.cz
Denmark
• ZyXEL Communications A/S
• http://www.zyxel.dk
Estonia
•ZyXEL Estonia
• http://www.zyxel.com/ee/et/
Finland
• ZyXEL Communications
• http://www.zyxel.fi
France
•ZyXEL France
• http://www.zyxel.fr
Germany
• ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH
• http://www.zyxel.de
Hungary
• ZyXEL Hungary & SEE
• http://www.zyxel.hu
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Italy
• ZyXEL Communications Italy
• http://www.zyxel.it/
Latvia
•ZyXEL Latvia
• http://www.zyxel.com/lv/lv/homepage.shtml
Lithuania
• ZyXEL Lithuania
• http://www.zyxel.com/lt/lt/homepage.shtml
Netherlands
•ZyXEL Benelux
• http://www.zyxel.nl
Norway
• ZyXEL Communications
• http://www.zyxel.no
Poland
• ZyXEL Communications Poland
• http://www.zyxel.pl
Romania
•ZyXEL Romania
• http://www.zyxel.com/ro/ro
Russia
• ZyXEL Russia
• http://www.zyxel.ru
Slovakia
• ZyXEL Communications Czech s.r.o. organizacna zlozka
• http://www.zyxel.sk
Spain
• ZyXEL Communications ES Ltd
• http://www.zyxel.es
Sweden
• ZyXEL Communications
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• http://www.zyxel.se
Switzerland
•Studerus AG
• http://www.zyxel.ch/
Turkey
•ZyXEL Turkey A.S.
• http://www.zyxel.com.tr
UK
• ZyXEL Communications UK Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.co.uk
Ukraine
•ZyXEL Ukraine
• http://www.ua.zyxel.com
Latin America
Argentina
• ZyXEL Communication Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/ec/es/
Brazil
• ZyXEL Communications Brasil Ltda.
• https://www.zyxel.com/br/pt/
Ecuador
• ZyXEL Communication Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/ec/es/
Middle East
Israel
• ZyXEL Communication Corporation
• http://il.zyxel.com/homepage.shtml
Middle East
• ZyXEL Communication Corporation
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• http://www.zyxel.com/me/en/
North America
USA
• ZyXEL Communications, Inc. - North America Headquarters
• http://www.zyxel.com/us/en/
Oceania
Australia
• ZyXEL Communications Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com/au/en/
Africa
South Africa
• Nology (Pty) Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.co.za
Index
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Index
A
Address Assignment 102
Advanced Encryption Standard
See AES.
AES 220
alternative subnet mask notation 176
antenna
directional 224
gain 224
omni-directional 224
AP 12
AP (access point) 214
AP Mode
menu 59, 67
status screen 57
AP+Bridge 12
B
Bandwidth management
overview 136
priority 138
Basic Service Set, See BSS 212
Bridge/Repeater 12
bridged APs, security 83
BSS 212
C
CA 218
Certificate Authority
See CA.
certifications 233
viewing 236
Channel 51, 58, 59, 66
channel 81, 214
interference 214
CIFS 153
Common Internet File System, see CIFS
Configuration
restore 165
contact information 239
content filtering 134
by keyword (in URL) 134
by web feature 134
copyright 229
CPU usage 52, 59, 66
CTS (Clear to Send) 215
customer support 239
D
Daylight saving 163
DDNS 123
see also Dynamic DNS
service providers 123
DHCP 32, 114
DHCP server
see also Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHCP server 112, 114
DHCP table 32
DHCP client information
DHCP status
DHCP Unique IDentifier 98
DHCPv6
DHCP Unique IDentifier 98
Digital Living Network Alliance 152
disclaimer 229
DLNA 151, 152
indexing 155
overview 151
rescan 155
DLNA-compliant client 152
DNS 116
DNS Server 102
DNS server 116
Index
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246
documentation
related 2
Domain Name System 116
Domain Name System. See DNS.
DUID 98
duplex setting 52, 59
Dynamic DNS 123
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 114
dynamic WEP key exchange 219
DynDNS 123
DynDNS see also DDNS 123
E
EAP Authentication 218
encryption 82, 220
key 82
WPA compatible 82
ESS 213
ESSID 171
Extended Service Set, See ESS 213
F
file sharing 152
access right 155, 156
example 156
FTP 155
overview 152
Samba 154
user account 154, 156
Windows Explorer 154
work group 154
Firewall
ICMP packets 129, 130
Firmware upload 163
file extension
using HTTP
firmware version 51, 58
fragmentation threshold 215
G
General wireless LAN screen 83, 85
Guide
Quick Start 2
H
hidden node 214
I
IANA 181
IBSS 212
IGMP 103
see also Internet Group Multicast Protocol
version
IGMP version 103
Independent Basic Service Set
See IBSS 212
initialization vector (IV) 220
interfaces 96
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
See IANA 181
Internet Group Multicast Protocol 103
Internet Protocol version 6, see IPv6
IP Address 113, 118, 119
IP alias 112
IP Pool 114
IPv6 96
link-local address 97
prefix 96
prefix delegation 97
prefix length 96
stateless autoconfiguration 97
L
LAN 111
IP pool setup 112
LAN overview 111
Index
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LAN setup 111
LAN TCP/IP 112
Language 166
Link type 52, 59, 66
Local Area Network 111
M
MAC 89
MAC address 81, 102
cloning 102
MAC address filter 81
MAC address filtering 89
MAC filter 89
managing the device
good habits 13
using the web configurator. See web configurator.
using the wireless switch.
using the WPS. See WPS.
MBSSID 12
Media access control 89
media client 151
media file 151
media server 151
overview 151
meida file play 151
Memory usage 52, 59, 66
Message Integrity Check (MIC) 220
mode 12
Multicast 103
IGMP 103
N
NAT 117, 118, 181
how it works 117
overview 117
see also Network Address Translation
NAT Traversal 144
Navigation Panel 52, 59, 67
navigation panel 52, 59, 67
Network Address Translation 117, 118
O
operating mode 12
other documentation 2
P
Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 220, 222
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 105
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 107
Port forwarding 119
default server 118
local server 119
port speed 52, 59, 67
PPPoE 105
dial-up connection
PPTP 107
preamble mode 216
prefix delegation 97
PSK 220
Q
Quality of Service (QoS) 91
Quick Start Guide 2
R
RADIUS 217
message types 217
messages 217
shared secret key 218
related documentation 2
Remote management
and NAT 142
limitations 142
system timeout 143
Reset button 30
Reset the device 30
Restore configuration 165
Roaming 90
Index
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RTS (Request To Send) 215
threshold 214, 215
RTS/CTS Threshold 81, 90
S
Samba 153
Scheduling 93
Server Message Block, see SMB
Service and port numbers 130, 133, 141
Service Set 46, 84
Service Set IDentification 46, 84
Service Set IDentity. See SSID.
SMB 153
SSID 46, 51, 58, 59, 66, 81, 84
Static DHCP 115
Static Route 125
Status 49
subnet 174
Subnet Mask 113
subnet mask 175
subnetting 177
Summary
DHCP table 32
Packet statistics 33
Wireless station status 34, 35
System General Setup 160
System restart 166
T
TCP/IP configuration 114
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) 220
Time setting 162
trigger port 120
Trigger port forwarding 120
example 121
process 121
U
Universal 63
Universal Plug and Play 144
Application 144
Security issues 145
Universal Repeater 63, 67
UPnP 144
URL Keyword Blocking 135
USB media sharing 151
User Name 124
V
VPN 107
W
WAN (Wide Area Network) 101
WAN advanced 109
WAN MAC address 102
warranty 236
note 236
Web Configurator
how to access 26
Overview 26
web configurator 12
WEP Encryption 68, 70, 87, 88
WEP encryption 86
WEP key 86
Wi-Fi Protected Access 220
windows media player 151
Wireless association list 34, 35
wireless channel 171
wireless client WPA supplicants 221
wireless LAN 171
wireless LAN scheduling 93
Wireless network
basic guidelines 80
channel 81
encryption 82
example 80
Index
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MAC address filter 81
overview 80
security 81
SSID 81
Wireless security 81
overview 81
type 81
wireless security 171, 216
wireless switch 12
Wireless tutorial 72
WPS 72
Wizard setup 17
WLAN
interference 214
security parameters 223
WLAN 2.4G 34
WLAN 5G 35
work group 153
name 153
Windows 153
WPA 220
key caching 221
pre-authentication 221
user authentication 221
vs WPA-PSK 220
wireless client supplicant 221
with RADIUS application example 221
WPA compatible 82
WPA2 220
user authentication 221
vs WPA2-PSK 220
wireless client supplicant 221
with RADIUS application example 221
WPA2-Pre-Shared Key 220
WPA2-PSK 220
application example 222
WPA-PSK 220
application example 222
WPS 12