Table of Contents
- VMG/XMG Series
- User’s Guide
- Introducing the Zyxel Device
- The Web Configurator
- Quick Start
- Tutorials
- 4.1 Overview
- 4.2 Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection
- 4.3 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network
- 4.4 Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups
- 4.5 Using the File Sharing Feature
- 4.6 Using the Media Server Feature
- 4.7 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network
- 4.8 Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup
- 4.9 Access the Zyxel Device Using DDNS
- 4.10 Configuring the MAC Address Filter
- 4.11 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer
- Technical Reference
- Connection Status Screens
- Broadband
- Wireless
- Home Networking
- Routing
- Quality of Service (QoS)
- Network Address Translation (NAT)
- Dynamic DNS Setup
- IGMP/MLD
- Vlan Group
- Interface Grouping
- USB Service
- Home Connectivity
- Firewall
- MAC Filter
- Parental Control
- Scheduler Rule
- Certificates
- Voice
- Log
- Traffic Status
- VoIP Status
- ARP Table
- Routing Table
- Multicast Status
- xDSL Statistics
- WLAN Station Status
- Cellular Statistics
- System
- User Account
- Remote Management
- SNMP
- Time Settings
- Email Notification
- Log Setting
- Firmware Upgrade
- Backup Restore
- Diagnostic
- Troubleshooting
- Appendices
Zyxel VMG8825-T50K User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for VMG8825-T50K by Zyxel which is a product in the Wireless Routers category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
Default Login Details
User’s Guide
VMG/XMG Series
DSL Router
Copyright © 2019 Zyxel Communications Corporation
LAN IP Address http://192.168.1.1
Login admin
Password See the device label
Version 5.13_5.50 Ed 3, 6/2019
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
2
IMPORTANT!
READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE.
KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
This is a User’s Guide for a series of products. Not all products support all features. Screenshots and
graphics in this book may differ slightly from what you see due to differences in your product firmware or
your computer operating system. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this
manual is accurate.
Related Documentation
•Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide shows how to connect the Zyxel Device.
•More Information
Go to support.zyxel.com to find other information on the Zyxel Device.
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
3
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this guide.
Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to
configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• All models in this series may be referred to as the “Zyxel Device” in this guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example, Network Setting
> Routing > DNS Route means you first click Network Setting in the navigation panel, then the Routing
sub menu and finally the DNS Route tab to get to that screen.
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this user guide may use the following generic icons. The Zyxel Device icon is not an exact
representation of your device.
Zyxel Device Generic Router Laptop Computer
Switch Firewall Server
Internet User Wireless Device
Contents Overview
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Contents Overview
User’s Guide ......................................................................................................................................17
Introducing the Zyxel Device .............................................................................................................. 18
The Web Configurator ......................................................................................................................... 55
Quick Start ............................................................................................................................................. 64
Tutorials .................................................................................................................................................. 70
Technical Reference ......................................................................................................................102
Connection Status Screens ............................................................................................................... 103
Broadband .......................................................................................................................................... 115
Wireless ................................................................................................................................................. 144
Home Networking ............................................................................................................................... 177
Routing ................................................................................................................................................. 196
Quality of Service (QoS) .................................................................................................................... 204
Network Address Translation (NAT) ................................................................................................... 223
Dynamic DNS Setup ........................................................................................................................... 241
IGMP/MLD ........................................................................................................................................... 245
Vlan Group .......................................................................................................................................... 248
Interface Grouping ............................................................................................................................ 250
USB Service .......................................................................................................................................... 255
Home Connectivity ............................................................................................................................ 261
Firewall ................................................................................................................................................. 263
MAC Filter ............................................................................................................................................ 272
Parental Control ................................................................................................................................. 274
Scheduler Rule .................................................................................................................................... 280
Certificates .......................................................................................................................................... 282
Voice .................................................................................................................................................... 289
Log ....................................................................................................................................................... 319
Traffic Status ....................................................................................................................................... 322
VoIP Status ........................................................................................................................................... 326
ARP Table ............................................................................................................................................ 329
Routing Table ...................................................................................................................................... 331
Multicast Status .................................................................................................................................. 333
xDSL Statistics ....................................................................................................................................... 335
WLAN Station Status ........................................................................................................................... 337
Cellular Statistics ................................................................................................................................ 339
System .................................................................................................................................................. 341
User Account ...................................................................................................................................... 342
Remote Management ....................................................................................................................... 345
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SNMP .................................................................................................................................................... 348
Time Settings ........................................................................................................................................ 351
Email Notification ................................................................................................................................ 353
Log Setting .......................................................................................................................................... 355
Firmware Upgrade .............................................................................................................................. 359
Backup Restore ................................................................................................................................... 362
Diagnostic ........................................................................................................................................... 365
Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................................. 371
Appendices .....................................................................................................................................378
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Table of Contents
Document Conventions .................. .................. .... .................. .... .................. ................... .... ...............3
Contents Overview .............................................................................................................................4
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................................6
Part I: User’s Guide..........................................................................................17
Chapter 1
Introducing the Zyxel Devic e ..... .... .... ... ................... .................. .... .................. ................... .............18
1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 18
1.1.1 Internet Access ...................................................................................................................... 19
1.1.2 G.fast ...................................................................................................................................... 20
1.1.3 Ethernet WAN ........................................................................................................................ 21
1.1.4 Triple Play ............................................................................................................................... 21
1.1.5 WAN Priority ........................................................................................................................... 22
1.1.6 Wireless Access ...................................................................................................................... 22
1.1.7 Zyxel Device’s USB Support .................................................................................................. 22
1.1.8 VoIP Features ......................................................................................................................... 24
1.1.9 SFP ........................................................................................................................................... 24
1.2 Ways to Manage the Zyxel Device .............................................................................................. 24
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Zyxel Device ............................................................................. 25
1.4 Hardware ......................................................................................................................................... 25
1.4.1 Front Panels ............................................................................................................................ 25
1.4.2 LEDs (Lights) ........................................................................................................................... 33
1.4.3 Rear Panels ............................................................................................................................ 45
1.4.4 Using the WLAN and WPS Buttons ....................................................................................... 52
1.4.5 The RESET Button .................................................................................................................... 53
Chapter 2
The Web Configurator........................................................................................................................55
2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 55
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator ....................................................................................... 55
2.2 Web Configurator Layout .............................................................................................................. 57
2.2.1 Settings Icon .......................................................................................................................... 57
2.2.2 Widget Icon ........................................................................................................................... 63
Chapter 3
Quick Start..........................................................................................................................................64
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3.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 64
3.2 Quick Start Setup ............................................................................................................................ 64
3.3 Time Zone ........................................................................................................................................ 64
3.4 Internet ............................................................................................................................................. 65
3.4.1 Internet Status ........................................................................................................................ 65
3.4.2 Successful Internet Connection .......................................................................................... 66
3.4.3 Unsuccessful Internet Connection ...................................................................................... 66
3.4.4 Incorrect Internet Information ............................................................................................. 67
3.4.5 Encapsulation ........................................................................................................................ 67
3.4.6 Internet Information Input .................................................................................................... 68
3.5 Quick Start Setup-Wireless ............................................................................................................. 68
3.6 Quick Start Setup-Finish .................................................................................................................. 69
Chapter 4
Tutorials ...............................................................................................................................................70
4.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 70
4.2 Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection ....................................................................................... 70
4.3 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network .......................................................................................... 73
4.3.1 Configuring the Wireless Network Settings ......................................................................... 73
4.3.2 Using WPS ............................................................................................................................... 76
4.3.3 Without WPS ........................................................................................................................... 80
4.4 Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups ............................................................................................. 81
4.5 Using the File Sharing Feature ....................................................................................................... 85
4.5.1 Set Up File Sharing ................................................................................................................. 85
4.5.2 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer ...................................................................... 87
4.6 Using the Media Server Feature .................................................................................................... 87
4.6.1 Configuring the Zyxel Device .............................................................................................. 88
4.6.2 Using Windows Media Player ...............................................................................................88
4.6.3 Using a Digital Media Adapter ............................................................................................91
4.7 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network ........................................................ 92
4.8 Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup ................................................................................... 95
4.9 Access the Zyxel Device Using DDNS ........................................................................................... 98
4.9.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org ........................................................... 98
4.9.2 Configuring DDNS on Your Zyxel Device ............................................................................ 99
4.9.3 Testing the DDNS Setting ...................................................................................................... 99
4.10 Configuring the MAC Address Filter ......................................................................................... 100
4.11 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer ........................................................................... 101
Part II: Technical Reference.........................................................................102
Chapter 5
Connection Status Screens.............................................................................................................103
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5.1 The Connection Status Screen .................................................................................................... 103
5.2 The Connectivity Screen .............................................................................................................. 103
5.2.1 Icon and Device Name .....................................................................................................104
5.3 The System Info Screen ................................................................................................................ 104
5.4 The WiFi Settings Screen ............................................................................................................... 106
5.5 The Guest WiFi Settings Screen ................................................................................................... 108
5.6 The LAN Screen ............................................................................................................................. 110
5.7 The Parental Control Screen ....................................................................................................... 111
5.7.1 Create a Parental Control Profile ...................................................................................... 113
5.7.2 Define a Schedule .............................................................................................................. 113
Chapter 6
Broadband........................................................................................................................................115
6.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 115
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..................................................................................... 115
6.1.2 What You Need to Know ................................................................................................... 116
6.1.3 Before You Begin ................................................................................................................. 119
6.2 The Broadband Screen ................................................................................................................ 119
6.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection ........................................................................................... 120
6.3 The Cellular Backup Screen ........................................................................................................ 128
6.4 The Broadband Advanced Screen ............................................................................................ 134
6.5 Ethernet WAN ................................................................................................................................ 137
6.6 Technical Reference .................................................................................................................... 138
Chapter 7
Wireless .............................................................................................................................................144
7.1 Wireless Overview ......................................................................................................................... 144
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..................................................................................... 144
7.1.2 What You Need to Know ................................................................................................... 144
7.2 The Wireless General Settings Screen ......................................................................................... 145
7.2.1 No Security ........................................................................................................................... 147
7.2.2 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK) ................................................................................................ 148
7.3 The Guest/More AP Screen ......................................................................................................... 149
7.3.1 The Edit Guest/More AP Screen ....................................................................................... 150
7.4 The MAC Authentication Screen ................................................................................................ 153
7.4.1 Add/Edit MAC Addresses .................................................................................................. 154
7.5 The WPS Screen ............................................................................................................................ 155
7.6 The WMM Screen .......................................................................................................................... 156
7.7 The Others Screen ........................................................................................................................ 157
7.8 The Channel Status Screen .......................................................... 160
7.9 The MESH Screen ....................................................................160
7.10 The WLAN Scheduler Screen ..................................................................................................... 162
7.10.1 Add/Edit Rules ................................................................164
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7.11 Technical Reference .................................................................................................................. 165
7.11.1 Wireless Network Overview .............................................................................................. 165
7.11.2 Additional Wireless Terms ................................................................................................. 166
7.11.3 Wireless Security Overview ............................................................................................... 166
7.11.4 Signal Problems ................................................................................................................. 169
7.11.5 BSS ....................................................................................................................................... 169
7.11.6 MBSSID ................................................................................................................................ 169
7.11.7 Preamble Type .................................................................................................................. 170
7.11.8 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) ............................................................................................. 170
Chapter 8
Home Networking............................................................................................................................177
8.1 Home Networking Overview ....................................................................................................... 177
8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..................................................................................... 177
8.1.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................... 178
8.1.3 Before You Begin ................................................................................................................. 179
8.2 The LAN Setup Screen .................................................................................................................. 179
8.3 The LAN Static DHCP Screen ....................................................................................................... 183
8.4 The UPnP Screen ........................................................................................................................... 185
8.4.1 Turning On UPnP in Windows 7 Example .......................................................................... 186
8.4.2 Turning on UPnP in Windows 10 Example ......................................................................... 187
8.5 The LAN Additional Subnet Screen ............................................................................................. 190
8.6 The STB Vendor ID Screen ............................................................................................................ 191
8.7 The Wake on LAN Screen ............................................................................................................ 192
8.8 The TFTP Server Name Screen ..................................................................................................... 192
8.9 Technical Reference .................................................................................................................... 193
8.9.1 LANs, WANs and the Zyxel Device .................................................................................... 193
8.9.2 DHCP Setup ......................................................................................................................... 193
8.9.3 DNS Server Addresses ......................................................................................................... 194
8.9.4 LAN TCP/IP ........................................................................................................................... 194
Chapter 9
Routing..............................................................................................................................................196
9.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 196
9.2 The Routing Screen ...................................................................................................................... 196
9.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route ......................................................................................................... 197
9.3 The DNS Route Screen ................................................................................................................. 199
9.3.1 The DNS Route Add Screen ............................................................................................... 199
9.4 The Policy Route Screen .............................................................................................................. 200
9.4.1 Add/Edit Policy Route ........................................................................................................ 201
9.5 The RIP Screen ............................................................................................................................... 202
Chapter 10
Quality of Service (QoS)..................................................................................................................204
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10.1 QoS Overview ............................................................................................................................. 204
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 204
10.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................... 205
10.3 The Quality of Service General Screen .................................................................................... 206
10.4 The Queue Setup Screen ........................................................................................................... 208
10.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue ....................................................................................................... 209
10.5 The QoS Classification Setup Screen ........................................................................................ 210
10.5.1 Add/Edit QoS Class ........................................................................................................... 211
10.6 The QoS Shaper Setup Screen .................................................................................................. 215
10.6.1 Add/Edit a QoS Shaper .................................................................................................... 216
10.7 The QoS Policer Setup Screen ................................................................................................... 216
10.7.1 Add/Edit a QoS Policer .................................................................................................... 217
10.8 Technical Reference .................................................................................................................. 218
Chapter 11
Network Address Translation (NAT)................................................................................................223
11.1 NAT Overview ............................................................................................................................. 223
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 223
11.1.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 223
11.2 The Port Forwarding Screen ...................................................................................................... 224
11.2.1 Add/Edit Port Forwarding ................................................................................................ 226
11.3 The Port Triggering Screen ......................................................................................................... 228
11.3.1 Add/Edit Port Triggering Rule ...........................................................................................230
11.4 The DMZ Screen .......................................................................................................................... 231
11.5 The ALG Screen .......................................................................................................................... 232
11.6 The Address Mapping Screen ................................................................................................... 233
11.6.1 Add/Edit Address Mapping Rule ..................................................................................... 234
11.7 The NAT Sessions Screen ............................................................................................................ 235
11.8 Technical Reference .................................................................................................................. 236
11.8.1 NAT Definitions ................................................................................................................... 236
11.8.2 What NAT Does ................................................................................................................. 237
11.8.3 How NAT Works .................................................................................................................. 238
11.8.4 NAT Application ................................................................................................................ 238
Chapter 12
Dynamic DNS Setup.........................................................................................................................241
12.1 DNS Overview ............................................................................................................................. 241
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 241
12.1.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 241
12.2 The DNS Entry Screen ................................................................................................................. 242
12.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Entry ........................................................................................................... 242
12.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen .......................................................................................................... 243
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Chapter 13
IGMP/MLD.........................................................................................................................................245
13.1 IGMP/MLD Overview .................................................................................................................. 245
13.1.1 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 245
13.2 The IGMP/MLD Screen ............................................................................................................... 245
Chapter 14
Vlan Group .......................................................................................................................................248
14.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 248
14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 248
14.2 The Vlan Group Screen .............................................................................................................. 248
14.2.1 Add/Edit a VLAN Group ...................................................................................................249
Chapter 15
Interface Grouping..........................................................................................................................250
15.1 Interface Grouping Overview ................................................................................................... 250
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 250
15.2 The Interface Grouping Screen ................................................................................................ 250
15.2.1 Interface Group Configuration ....................................................................................... 252
15.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria .............................................................................................253
Chapter 16
USB Service................. ... .... .... .................. .... .................. ................... .................. .... ..........................255
16.1 USB Service Overview ............................................................................................................... 255
16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 255
16.1.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 255
16.1.3 Before You Begin ............................................................................................................... 256
16.2 The File Sharing Screen .............................................................................................................. 256
16.2.1 The Add New Share Screen ............................................................................................. 258
16.2.2 The Add New User Screen ............................................................................................... 259
16.3 The Media Server Screen .......................................................................................................... 259
Chapter 17
Home Connectivity..........................................................................................................................261
17.1 Home Connectivity Overview .................................................................................................. 261
17.2 The Home Connectivity Screen ................................................................................................ 261
Chapter 18
Firewall..............................................................................................................................................263
18.1 Firewall Overview ........................................................................................................................ 263
18.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 263
18.1.2 What You Need to Know ................................................................................................. 264
18.2 The Firewall Screen ..................................................................................................................... 264
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18.3 The Protocol Screen ................................................................................................................... 265
18.3.1 Add New/Edit Protocol Entry ........................................................................................... 266
18.4 The Access Control Screen ....................................................................................................... 267
18.4.1 Add/Edit an ACL Rule ....................................................................................................... 268
18.5 The DoS Screen ........................................................................................................................... 270
Chapter 19
MAC Filter .........................................................................................................................................272
19.1 MAC Filter Overview ................................................................................................................... 272
19.2 The MAC Filter Screen ................................................................................................................ 272
Chapter 20
Parental Control ...............................................................................................................................274
20.1 Parental Control Overview ........................................................................................................ 274
20.2 The Parental Control Screen ..................................................................................................... 274
20.2.1 Add/Edit a Parental Control Profile ................................................................................ 275
Chapter 21
Scheduler Rule .................................................................................................................................280
21.1 Scheduler Rule Overview .......................................................................................................... 280
21.2 The Scheduler Rule Screen ........................................................................................................ 280
21.2.1 Add/Edit a Schedule Rule ................................................................................................280
Chapter 22
Certificates .......................................................................................................................................282
22.1 Certificates Overview ................................................................................................................ 282
22.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 282
22.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................... 282
22.3 The Local Certificates Screen ................................................................................................... 282
22.3.1 Create Certificate Request ............................................................................................. 283
22.3.2 View Certificate Request ................................................................................................. 284
22.4 The Trusted CA Screen ............................................................................................................... 285
22.4.1 View Trusted CA Certificate ............................................................................................ 286
22.4.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate .......................................................................................... 287
Chapter 23
Voice.................................................................................................................................................289
23.1 Voice Overview .......................................................................................................................... 289
23.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 289
23.1.2 What You Need to Know About VoIP ............................................................................. 289
23.2 Before You Begin ........................................................................................................................ 290
23.3 The SIP Account Screen ............................................................................................................. 290
23.3.1 The SIP Account Add/Edit Screen ................................................................................... 291
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23.4 The SIP Service Provider Screen ................................................................................................ 295
23.4.1 The SIP Service Provider Add/Edit Screen ...................................................................... 296
23.5 The Phone Device Screen ......................................................................................................... 300
23.5.1 The Phone Device Edit Screen ........................................................................................ 301
23.6 The Phone Region Screen ......................................................................................................... 302
23.7 The Call Rule Screen .................................................................................................................. 303
23.8 The Call History Screen ............................................................................................................... 304
23.9 The Call Summary Screen .......................................................................................................... 305
23.10 Technical Reference ................................................................................................................ 306
23.10.1 Quality of Service (QoS) ................................................................................................. 314
23.10.2 Phone Services Overview ............................................................................................... 314
Chapter 24
Log ....................................................................................................................................................319
24.1 Log Overview .............................................................................................................................. 319
24.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 319
24.1.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 319
24.2 The System Log Screen .............................................................................................................. 320
24.3 The Security Log Screen ............................................................................................................. 320
Chapter 25
Traffic Status .....................................................................................................................................322
25.1 Traffic Status Overview ............................................................................................................... 322
25.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 322
25.2 The WAN Status Screen .............................................................................................................. 322
25.3 The LAN Status Screen ............................................................................................................... 323
25.4 The NAT Status Screen ..............................................................324
Chapter 26
VoIP Status........................................................................................................................................326
26.1 VoIP Status Overview ................................................................................................................. 326
Chapter 27
ARP Table..........................................................................................................................................329
27.1 ARP Table Overview ................................................................................................................... 329
27.1.1 How ARP Works .................................................................................................................. 329
27.2 ARP Table Screen ....................................................................................................................... 330
Chapter 28
Routing Table....................................................................................................................................331
28.1 Routing Table Overview ............................................................................................................ 331
28.2 The Routing Table Screen .......................................................................................................... 331
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Chapter 29
Multicast Status ...............................................................................................................................333
29.1 Multicast Status Overview ......................................................................................................... 333
29.2 The IGMP Status Screen ............................................................................................................. 333
29.3 The MLD Status Screen ............................................................................................................... 334
Chapter 30
xDSL Statistics ............................... ................... ... ................... .................. ................... ......................335
30.1 xDSL Statistics Overview ............................................................................................................. 335
Chapter 31
WLAN Station Status .........................................................................................................................337
31.1 WLAN Station Status Overview .................................................................................................. 337
Chapter 32
Cellular Statistics .............................................................................................................................339
32.1 Cellular Statistics Overview ....................................................................................................... 339
32.2 The Cellular Statistics Screen ..................................................................................................... 339
Chapter 33
System...............................................................................................................................................341
33.1 System Overview ........................................................................................................................ 341
33.2 The System Screen ...................................................................................................................... 341
Chapter 34
User Account.............. ... .... ................... ... ................... .................. .................. .... ..............................342
34.1 User Account Overview ............................................................................................................. 342
34.2 The User Account Screen .......................................................................................................... 342
34.2.1 The User Account Add/Edit Screen ................................................................................ 343
Chapter 35
Remote Management.....................................................................................................................345
35.1 Remote Management Overview ............................................................................................. 345
35.2 The MGMT Services Screen ....................................................................................................... 345
35.3 The Trust Domain Screen ............................................................................................................ 346
35.4 The Add Trust Domain Screen ................................................................................................... 347
Chapter 36
SNMP .................................................................................................................................................348
36.1 SNMP Overview .......................................................................................................................... 348
36.2 The SNMP Screen ........................................................................................................................ 349
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Chapter 37
Time Settings.....................................................................................................................................351
37.1 Time Settings Overview .............................................................................................................. 351
37.2 The Time Screen .......................................................................................................................... 351
Chapter 38
Email Notification.............................................................................................................................353
38.1 Email Notification Overview ...................................................................................................... 353
38.2 The Email Notification Screen ................................................................................................... 353
38.2.1 Email Notification Edit ....................................................................................................... 354
Chapter 39
Log Setting ...... ... .... .... .................. .... .................. ................... .................. .... .....................................355
39.1 Logs Setting Overview ................................................................................................................ 355
39.2 The Log Settings Screen ............................................................................................................. 355
39.2.1 Example Email Log ............................................................................................................ 357
Chapter 40
Firmware Upgrade....................... .... .................. ................... ... ................... ... ................... ...............359
40.1 Firmware Upgrade Overview .................................................................................................... 359
40.2 The Firmware Screen .................................................................................................................. 359
Chapter 41
Backup Restore................................................................................................................................362
41.1 Backup Restore Overview ......................................................................................................... 362
41.2 The Backup Restore Screen ...................................................................................................... 362
41.3 The Reboot Screen ..................................................................................................................... 364
Chapter 42
Diagnostic.........................................................................................................................................365
42.1 Diagnostic Overview .................................................................................................................. 365
42.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ................................................................................... 365
42.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................................... 365
42.3 Ping & TraceRoute & NsLookup ................................................................................................ 366
42.4 The 802.1ag (CFM) Screen ........................................................................................................ 367
42.5 The 802.3ah (OAM) Screen ....................................................................................................... 368
42.6 The OAM Ping Screen ................................................................................................................ 369
Chapter 43
Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................371
43.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ............................................................................... 371
43.2 Zyxel Device Access and Login ................................................................................................ 372
43.3 Internet Access ........................................................................................................................... 373
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43.4 Wireless Internet Access ............................................................................................................. 375
43.5 USB Device Connection ............................................................................................................ 376
43.6 UPnP ............................................................................................................................................. 376
Part III: Appendices......................................................................................378
Appendix A Customer Support ..................................................................................................... 379
Appendix B Wireless LANs............................................................................................................... 385
Appendix C IPv6.............................................................................................................................. 398
Appendix D Services....................................................................................................................... 406
Appendix E Legal Information ....................................................................................................... 410
Index .................................................................................................................................................418
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PART I
User’s Guide
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
18
CHAPTER 1
Introducing the Zyxel Device
1.1 Overview
The Zyxel Device is a wireless VDSL router and Gigabit Ethernet gateway.
Zyxel Device refers to these models as outlined below.
The following table describes the feature differences of the Zyxel Device by model.
• VMG1312-B10D • VMG8623-T50A
• VMG3312-T20A • VMG8823-Bx0B
• VMG3625-T20A • VMG8825-Bx0A
• VMG3625-T50A • VMG8825-BX0B
• VMG3925-B10B • VMG8825-BX0C
• VMG3925-B10C • VMG8825-T50
• XMG3927-B50A • VMG8924-B10D
• VMG3927-Bx0A
Table 1 Zyxel Device Comparison Table
VMG1312-B10D VMG3312-T20A VMG3625-T20A VMG3625-T50A VMG3925-B10B
Gigabit
Ethernet
Ports
- VVVV
Ethernet
WAN
Convert the forth
LAN port to work
as a WAN port.
VVVV
2.4G
WLAN
VVVVV
5G WLAN- - VVV
G.fast-----
VoIP-----
MESH-----
Firmware
Version
5.13 5.13 5.13 5.50 5.13
Table 2 Zyxel Device Comparison Table
VMG3925-B10C XMG3927-B50A VMG3927-BX0A VMG8623-T50A VMG8823-BX0B
Gigabit
Ethernet
Ports
VVVVV
Ethernet
WAN
VVVVV
Chapter 1 Introducing the Zyxel Device
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
19
1.1.1 Internet Access
Your Zyxel Device provides shared Internet access by connecting the DSL port to the DSL or MODEM jack
on a splitter or your telephone jack. You can have multiple WAN services over one ADSL or VDSL. The
Zyxel Device cannot work in ADSL and VDSL mode at the same time.
Note: The ADSL and VDSL lines share the same WAN (layer-2) interfaces that you configure in
the Zyxel Device. Refer to Section 6.2 on page 119 for the Network Setting > Broadband
screen.
Computers can connect to the Zyxel Device’s LAN ports (or wirelessly).
2.4G
WLAN
VVVVV
5G WLAN V V V V V
G.fast-V---
VoIP - - - V V
MESH - V V - V
Firmware
Version
5.13 5.13 5.13 5.50 5.13
Table 3 Zyxel Device Comparison Table
VMG8825-BX0A VMG8825-BX0B VMG8825-BX0C VMG8825-T50 VMG8924-B10D
Gigabit
Ethernet
Ports
VVVVV
Ethernet
WAN
VVVVV
2.4G
WLAN
VVVVV
5G WLANVVVVV
G.fast - - - - -
VoIPVVVVV
MESHVVV - -
Firmware
Version
5.13 5.13 5.13 5.50 5.13
Table 2 Zyxel Device Comparison Table
VMG3925-B10C XMG3927-B50A VMG3927-BX0A VMG8623-T50A VMG8823-BX0B
Chapter 1 Introducing the Zyxel Device
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
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Figure 1 Zyxel Device’s Internet Access Application
You can also configure IP filtering on the Zyxel Device for secure Internet access. When the IP filter is on,
all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked by default unless it is initiated from your
network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely
browse the Internet and download files.
Only use firmware for your Zyxel Device’s specific model. Refer to the
label on the bottom of your Zyxel Device.
1.1.2 G.fast
You can have gigabit Internet access by connecting the DSL port to the DSL or MODEM jack on a splitter
or your telephone jack for G.fast.
G.FAST is the acronym for Fast Access to Subscriber Terminals, and the letter G stands for the ITU-T G
series of recommendations. G.fast is a technology providing gigabit speeds over traditional copper
twisted-pair wires. G.fast applies Fiber-To-The-distribution point (FTTdp) structure, which reuses the
deployed copper wire for the final meters.
DSL
DSL
A
A
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VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
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Figure 2 Zyxel Device’s Internet Access Application: G.fast
1.1.3 Ethernet WAN
If you prefer not to use a DSL line and you have another broadband modem or router (such as ADSL)
available, you can use the Ethernet WAN port and then connect it to the broadband modem or router.
This way, you can access the Internet via an Ethernet connection and still use the QoS, Firewall and
parental control functions on the Zyxel Device.
Figure 3 Zyxel Device’s Internet Access Application: Ethernet WAN
1.1.4 Triple Play
The ISP may provide “triple play” service to the Zyxel Device. This allows you to take advantage of “triple
play” services such as Voice over IP telephony, and streaming video/audio media all at the same time,
with no noticeable loss in bandwidth.
Figure 4 Triple Play Example
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VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
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1.1.5 WAN Priority
The WAN connection priority is as follows:
1Ethernet WAN
2G.fast/DSL
3Cellular WAN (3G/4G)
See Section 1.1.7 on page 22 for more information about Cellular backup.
1.1.6 Wireless Access
The Zyxel Device is a wireless Access Point (AP) for IEEE 802.11b/g/n/a/ac wireless clients, such as
notebook computers, iPads, smartphones, etc. It allows them to connect to the Internet without having
to rely on inconvenient Ethernet cables.
Your Zyxel Device supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which allows you to quickly set up a wireless
network with strong security.
See Section Table 14 on page 44 for more information about how to set up a wireless network with WLAN
and WPS buttons.
Figure 5 Wireless Access Example
1.1.7 Zyxel Device’s USB Support
The USB port of the Zyxel Device is used for cellular WAN backup, file-sharing, and media server.
Cellular WAN (3G/4G) Backup
Connect a supported cellular USB dongle with an active SIM card to the USB port. This adds a second
WAN interface and allows the Zyxel Device to wirelessly access the Internet via a cellular network. The
cellular WAN connection is a backup in case the DSL connection fails.
To set up a cellular connection, click Network > Broadband > Cellular Backup.
Chapter 1 Introducing the Zyxel Device
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
23
To update the supported cellular USB dongle list, download the latest WWAN package from the Zyxel
website and upload it to the Zyxel Device using the Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade screen.
Figure 6 Internet Access Application: Cellular WAN
File Sharing
Use the built-in USB 3.0 port to share files on a USB memory stick or a USB hard drive (B). Use FTP to access
the files on the USB device.
Figure 7 USB File Sharing Application
Media Server
You can also use the Zyxel Device as a media server. This lets anyone on your network play video, music,
and photos from a USB device (B) connected to the Zyxel Device’s USB port (without having to copy
them to another computer).
DSL
DSL
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VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
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Figure 8 USB Media Server Application
1.1.8 VoIP Features
You can register up to 2 SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) accounts and use the Zyxel Device to make and
receive VoIP telephone calls:
Figure 9 Zyxel Device’s VoIP Features
Calls via a VoIP service provider - the Zyxel Device sends your call to a VoIP service provider’s SIP server
which forwards your calls to either VoIP or PSTN phones.
1.1.9 SFP
The Zyxel Device provides shared Internet access by connecting a Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP)
transceiver to the SFP port. In addition, you can connect computers, IPTVs, gaming consoles, and other
Ethernet devices to the Ethernet ports for fiber-speed Internet access.
1.2 Ways to Manage the Zyxel Device
Use any of the following methods to manage the Zyxel Device.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for management of the Zyxel Device using a (supported)
web browser.
DSL
Chapter 1 Introducing the Zyxel Device
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
25
• FTP. Use FTP for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore.
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Zyxel Device
Do the following things regularly to make the Zyxel Device more secure and to manage the Zyxel
Device more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of
characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working
configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your
password, you will have to reset the Zyxel Device to its factory default settings. If you backed up an
earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the Zyxel Device. You could
simply restore your last configuration.
1.4 Hardware
This section describes the front and rear panels for each model. If your model is not shown here, refer to
the Zyxel Device’s Quick Start Guides to see the product drawings and how to make the hardware
connections.
1.4.1 Front Panels
The LED indicators are located on the front panel.
Figure 10 VMG1312-B10D LED Indicators
Chapter 1 Introducing the Zyxel Device
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
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Figure 11 VMG3312-T20A Front Panel
Figure 12 VMG3625-T20A Front Panel
Chapter 1 Introducing the Zyxel Device
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
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Figure 13 VMG3625-T50A Front Panel
Figure 14 VMG3925-B10B Front Panel
Chapter 1 Introducing the Zyxel Device
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
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Figure 15 VMG3925-B10C Front Panel
Figure 16 VMG3927-Bx0A Front Panel
Chapter 1 Introducing the Zyxel Device
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
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Figure 17 VMG8623-T50A Front Panel
Figure 18 VMG8823-Bx0B Front Panel
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VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
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Figure 19 VMG8825-Bx0A Front Panel
Figure 20 VMG8825-Bx0B / VMG8825-Bx0C Front Panel
Chapter 1 Introducing the Zyxel Device
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
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Figure 21 VMG8825-T50 Front Panel
Chapter 1 Introducing the Zyxel Device
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
32
Figure 22 VMG8924-B10D Front Panel
Figure 23 XMG3927-B50A Front Panel
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VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
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1.4.2 LEDs (Lights)
None of the LEDs are on if the Zyxel Device is not receiving power.
Table 4 VMG1312-B10D LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
POWER Green On The Zyxel Device is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is self-testing.
Red On The Zyxel Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device
malfunction.
Off The Zyxel Device is not receiving power.
DSL Green On The DSL line is up.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is initializing the DSL line.
Off The DSL line is down.
INTERNET Green On The Zyxel Device has an IP connection but no traffic.
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP
server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL
connection is up.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving IP traffic.
Off There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.
Red On The Zyxel Device attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible
causes are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE
authentication failed.
ETHERNET1~4 Green On The Zyxel Device has a successful 10/100 Mbps Ethernet connection with a
device on the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 10/100
Mbps.
Off The Zyxel Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
WLAN/WPS Green On The wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with wireless clients.
Amber Blinking The Zyxel Device is setting up a WPS connection with a wireless client.
Off The wireless network is not activated.
USB Green On The Zyxel Device recognizes a USB connection through the USB slot.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending/receiving data to/from the USB device
connected to it.
Off The Zyxel Device does not detect a USB connection through the USB slot.
Table 5 VMG3312-T20A LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
POWER Green On The Zyxel Device is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is self-testing.
Red On The Zyxel Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device
malfunction.
Off The Zyxel Device is not receiving power.
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VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
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ETHERNET1~4 Green On The Zyxel Device has a successful 10/100 Mbps Ethernet connection with a
device on the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 10/100
Mbps.
Off The Zyxel Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
WLAN Green On The wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with wireless clients.
WPS Amber Blinking The Zyxel Device is setting up a WPS connection with a wireless client.
Off The wireless network is not activated.
DSL Green On The VDSL line is up.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is initializing the VDSL line.
Off The DSL line is down.
Orange On The ADSL line is up.
Slow
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is detecting carrier signals.
Fast
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is initializing the VDSL line.
WAN Green On The Zyxel Device has a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection
on the WAN.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the WAN at 10/100/
1000 Mbps.
Off The Zyxel Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the WAN.
INTERNET Green On The Zyxel Device has an IP connection but no traffic.
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP
server). PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL
connection is up.
Blinking The VMG is sending or receiving IP traffic.
Off There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.
Red On The VMG attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible causes
are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE
authentication failed.
USB Green On The Zyxel Device recognizes a USB connection through the USB slot.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending/receiving data to/from the USB device
connected to it.
Off The Zyxel Device does not detect a USB connection through the USB slot.
Table 6 VMG3625-T20A LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
POWER Green On The Zyxel Device is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is self-testing.
Red On The Zyxel Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device
malfunction.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is upgrading firmware.
Off The Zyxel Device is not receiving power.
Table 5 VMG3312-T20A LED Descriptions (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
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DSL Green On The VDSL line is up.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is initializing the VDSL line.
Off The DSL line is down.
Orange On The ADSL line is up.
Slow
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is detecting carrier signals.
Fast
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is initializing the ADSL line.
INTERNET Green On The Zyxel Device has an IP connection but no traffic.
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP
server). PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL
connection is up.
Blinking The VMG is sending or receiving IP traffic.
Off There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.
Red On The VMG attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible causes
are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE
authentication failed.
WAN Green On The Zyxel Device has a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection
on the WAN.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the WAN at 10/100/
1000 Mbps.
Off The Zyxel Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the WAN.
ETHERNET1~4 Green On The Zyxel Device has a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection
with a device on the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 10/100/
1000 Mbps.
Off The Zyxel Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
WLAN/WPS Green On The wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with wireless clients.
Off The wireless network is not activated or down.
Orange Blinking The Zyxel Device is setting up a WPS connection with a wireless client.
USB Green On The Zyxel Device recognizes a USB connection through the USB slot.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending/receiving data to/from the USB device
connected to it.
Off The Zyxel Device does not detect a USB connection through the USB slot.
Table 7 VMG3925-B10B LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Power Green On The Zyxel Device is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is self-testing.
Red On The Zyxel Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device
malfunction.
Off The Zyxel Device is not receiving power.
Table 6 VMG3625-T20A LED Descriptions (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Chapter 1 Introducing the Zyxel Device
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DSL Green On The VDSL line is up.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is initializing the VDSL line.
Orange On The ADSL line is up.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is initializing the ADSL line.
Off The DSL line is down.
Internet Green On The Zyxel Device has an IP connection but no traffic.
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP
server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL
connection is up.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving IP traffic.
Off There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.
Red On The Zyxel Device attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible
causes are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE
authentication failed.
Ethernet
WAN
Green On The Zyxel Device has a successful 1000 Mbps Ethernet connection on the
WAN.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the WAN at 1000
Mbps.
Orange On The Zyxel Device has a successful 10/100 Mbps Ethernet connection on the
WAN.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the WAN at 10/100
Mbps.
Off There is no Ethernet connection on the WAN.
LAN1~4 Green On The Zyxel Device has a successful 1000 Mbps Ethernet connection with a
device on the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 1000 Mbps.
Off The Zyxel Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
2.4G WLAN/
WPS
Green On The 2.4 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with 2.4 GHz wireless clients.
Amber Blinking The Zyxel Device is setting up a WPS connection with a 2.4 GHz wireless
client.
Off The 2.4 GHz wireless network is not activated.
5G WLAN/
WPS
Green On The 5 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with 5 GHz wireless clients.
Amber Blinking The Zyxel Device is setting up a WPS connection with a 5 GHz wireless client.
Off The 5 GHz wireless network is not activated.
USB1 Green On The Zyxel Device recognizes a USB connection through the USB1 slot.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending/receiving data to/from the USB device
connected to it.
Off The Zyxel Device does not detect a USB connection through the USB1 slot.
Table 7 VMG3925-B10B LED Descriptions (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Chapter 1 Introducing the Zyxel Device
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
37
Table 8 VMG3925-B10C LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Power Green On The Zyxel Device is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is self-testing.
Red On The Zyxel Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device
malfunction.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is uploading firmware.
Off The Zyxel Device is not receiving power.
DSL Green On The VDSL line is up.
Blinking
(slow)
The Zyxel Device is looking for a VDSL line.
Blinking
(fast)
The Zyxel Device is initializing the VDSL line.
Amber On The ADSL line is up.
Blinking
(slow)
The Zyxel Device is looking for an ADSL line.
Blinking
(fast)
The Zyxel Device is initializing the ADSL line.
Off The DSL line is down.
Internet Green On The Zyxel Device has an IP connection but no traffic.
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP
server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL
connection is up.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving IP traffic.
Off There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.
Red On The Zyxel Device attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible
causes are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE
authentication failed.
WAN Green On The Zyxel Device has a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection
on the WAN.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the WAN at 10/100/
1000 Mbps.
Off There is no Ethernet connection on the WAN.
LAN1~4 Green On The Zyxel Device has a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection
with a device on the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 10/100/
1000 Mbps.
Off The Zyxel Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
2.4G WLAN/
WPS
Green On The 2.4 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with 2.4 GHz wireless clients.
Amber Blinking The Zyxel Device is setting up a WPS connection with a 2.4 GHz wireless
client.
Off The 2.4 GHz wireless network is not activated.
5G WLAN/
WPS
Green On The 5 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with 5 GHz wireless clients.
Amber Blinking The Zyxel Device is setting up a WPS connection with a 5 GHz wireless client.
Off The 5 GHz wireless network is not activated.
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USB Green On The Zyxel Device recognizes a USB connection through the USB slot.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending/receiving data to/from the USB device
connected to it.
Off The Zyxel Device does not detect a USB connection through the USB slot.
Table 9 XMG3927-B50A/VMG3625-T50A/VMG3927-BX0A/VMG8825-BX0A LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
POWER Blue On The Zyxel Device is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is self-testing.
Red On The Zyxel Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device
malfunction.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is uploading firmware.
Off The Zyxel Device is not receiving power.
WAN Blue On One of the following connections is up.
•ADSL
•G.fast
•VDSL
• Ethernet connection on the WAN.
Blinking
(slow)
The ADSL/G.fast/VDSL link is down, and the Zyxel Device is looking for an
ADSL/G.fast/VDSL link.
Blinking
(fast)
The Zyxel Device is initializing the ADSL/G.fast/VDSL link.
Off There is no Ethernet connection on the WAN.
INTERNET Blue On Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP
server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL
connection is up.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving IP traffic.
Off There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.
Red On The Zyxel Device attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible
causes are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE
authentication failed.
ETHERNET1~4 Blue On The Zyxel Device has a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection
with a device on the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 10/100/
1000 Mbps.
Off The Zyxel Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
2.4G WLAN/
WPS
Blue On The 2.4 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with 2.4 GHz wireless clients.
Amber Blinking The Zyxel Device is setting up a WPS connection with a 2.4 GHz wireless
client.
Off The 2.4 GHz wireless network is not activated.
5G WLAN/
WPS
Blue On The 5 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with 5 GHz wireless clients.
Amber Blinking The Zyxel Device is setting up a WPS connection with a 5 GHz wireless client.
Off The 5 GHz wireless network is not activated.
Table 8 VMG3925-B10C LED Descriptions (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Chapter 1 Introducing the Zyxel Device
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
39
Table 10 VMG8823-BX0B LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Power Green On The Zyxel Device is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is self-testing.
Red On The Zyxel Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device
malfunction.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is upgrading firmware.
Off The Zyxel Device is not receiving power.
DSL Green On The VDSL line is up.
Slow
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is detecting carrier signals.
Fast
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is initializing the VDSL line.
Orange On The ADSL line is up.
Slow
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is detecting carrier signals.
Fast
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is initializing the ADSL line.
Off The DSL line is down.
Internet Green On The Zyxel Device has an IP connection but no traffic.
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP
server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL
connection is up.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving IP traffic.
Off There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.
Red On The Zyxel Device attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible
causes are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE
authentication failed.
WAN Green On The Zyxel Device has a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection
on the WAN.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the WAN at 10/100/
1000 Mbps.
Off There is no Ethernet connection on the WAN.
LAN1~4 Green On The Zyxel Device has a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection
with a device on the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 10/100/
1000 Mbps.
Off The Zyxel Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
WLAN/WPS Green On The 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz wireless clients.
Amber Blinking The Zyxel Device is setting up a WPS connection with a 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz
wireless client.
Off The 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz wireless network is not activated.
Chapter 1 Introducing the Zyxel Device
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
40
Phone1,
Phone2
Green On A SIP account is registered for the phone port.
Blinking A telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off the hook or
there is an incoming call.
Orange On A SIP account is registered for the phone port and there is a voice message
in the corresponding SIP account.
Blinking A telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off the hook and
there is a voice message in the corresponding SIP account.
Off The phone port does not have a SIP account registered.
USB Green On The Zyxel Device recognizes a USB connection through the USB slot.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending/receiving data to/from the USB device
connected to it.
Off The Zyxel Device does not detect a USB connection through the USB slot.
Table 11 VMG8924-B10D LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Power Green On The Zyxel Device is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is self-testing.
Red On The Zyxel Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device
malfunction.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is upgrading firmware.
Off The Zyxel Device is not receiving power.
DSL Green On The VDSL line is up.
Slow
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is detecting carrier signals.
Fast
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is initializing the VDSL line.
Orange On The ADSL line is up.
Slow
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is detecting carrier signals.
Fast
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is initializing the ADSL line.
Off The DSL line is down.
Internet Green On The Zyxel Device has an IP connection but no traffic.
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP
server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL
connection is up.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving IP traffic.
Off There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.
Red On The Zyxel Device attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible
causes are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE
authentication failed.
WAN Green On The Zyxel Device has a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection
on the WAN.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the WAN at 10/100/
1000 Mbps.
Off There is no Ethernet connection on the WAN.
Table 10 VMG8823-BX0B LED Descriptions (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
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LAN1~4 Green On The Zyxel Device has a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection
with a device on the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 10/100/
1000 Mbps.
Off The Zyxel Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
WLAN/WPS Green On The 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz wireless clients.
Orange Blinking The Zyxel Device is setting up a WPS connection with a 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz
wireless client.
Off The 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz wireless network is not activated.
Phone1,
Phone2
Green On A SIP account is registered for the phone port.
Blinking A telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off the hook or
there is an incoming call.
Orange On A SIP account is registered for the phone port and there is a voice message
in the corresponding SIP account.
Blinking A telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off the hook and
there is a voice message in the corresponding SIP account.
Off The phone port does not have a SIP account registered.
USB Green On The Zyxel Device recognizes a USB connection through the USB slot.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending/receiving data to/from the USB device
connected to it.
Off The Zyxel Device does not detect a USB connection through the USB slot.
Table 12 VMG8623-T50A LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Power Blue On The Zyxel Device is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is self-testing.
Red On The Zyxel Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device
malfunction.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is upgrading firmware.
Off The Zyxel Device is not receiving power.
WAN Blue On One of the following connections is up.
•ADSL
•VDSL
• Ethernet connection on the WAN.
Slow
Blinking
The ADSL/VDSL link is down, and the Zyxel Device is looking for an ADSL/
VDSL link.
Fast
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is initializing the ADSL/VDSL link.
Off There is no Ethernet connection on the WAN.
Table 11 VMG8924-B10D LED Descriptions (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
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Internet Blue On Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP
server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL
connection is up.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving IP traffic.
Off There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.
Red On The Zyxel Device attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible
causes are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE
authentication failed.
LAN1~4 Blue On The Zyxel Device has a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection
with a device on the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 10/100/
1000 Mbps.
Off The Zyxel Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
2.4G WLAN/
WPS
Blue On The 2.4 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with 2.4 GHz wireless clients.
Amber Blinking The Zyxel Device is setting up a WPS connection with a 2.4 GHz wireless
client.
Off The 2.4 GHz wireless network is not activated.
5G WLAN/
WPS
Blue On The 5 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with 5 GHz wireless clients.
Amber Blinking The Zyxel Device is setting up a WPS connection with a 5 GHz wireless client.
Off The 5 GHz wireless network is not activated.
Phone Blue On A SIP account is registered for at least one phone port.
Blinking A telephone connected to one of the phone port has its receiver off the
hook or there is an incoming call.
Amber On A SIP account is registered for the phone port and there is a voice message
in the corresponding SIP account.
Blinking A telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off the hook and
there is a voice message in the corresponding SIP account.
Off The phone port does not have a SIP account registered.
Table 13 VMG8825-T50 LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Power Green On The Zyxel Device is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is self-testing.
Red On The Zyxel Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device
malfunction.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is upgrading firmware.
Off The Zyxel Device is not receiving power.
Table 12 VMG8623-T50A LED Descriptions (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
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WAN Green On One of the following connections is up.
•ADSL
•VDSL
• Ethernet connection on the WAN.
Slow
Blinking
The ADSL/VDSL link is down, and the Zyxel Device is looking for an ADSL/
VDSL link.
Fast
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is initializing the ADSL/VDSL link.
Off There is no Ethernet connection on the WAN.
Internet Green On Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP
server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL
connection is up.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving IP traffic.
Off There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.
Red On The Zyxel Device attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible
causes are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE
authentication failed.
2.4G WLAN Green On The 2.4 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with 2.4 GHz wireless clients.
Off The 2.4 GHz wireless network is not activated.
5G WLAN Green On The 5 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with 5 GHz wireless clients.
Off The 5 GHz wireless network is not activated.
WPS Amber Blinking The Zyxel Device is setting up a WPS connection with a wireless client.
LAN1~4 Green On The Zyxel Device has a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection
with a device on the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 10/100/
1000 Mbps.
Off The Zyxel Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
Phone Green On A SIP account is registered for at least one phone port.
Blinking A telephone connected to one of the phone port has its receiver off the
hook or there is an incoming call.
Amber On A SIP account is registered for the phone port and there is a voice message
in the corresponding SIP account.
Blinking A telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off the hook and
there is a voice message in the corresponding SIP account.
Off The phone port does not have a SIP account registered.
Table 13 VMG8825-T50 LED Descriptions (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
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Table 14 VMG8825-BX0B/BX0C LED Descriptions
VMG8623-T 50A LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Power Green On The Zyxel Device is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is self-testing.
Red On The Zyxel Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device
malfunction.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is upgrading firmware.
Off The Zyxel Device is not receiving power.
DSL /
Ethernet
WAN
Green On The VDSL line or a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection on the
WAN is up.
Slow
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is looking for a VDSL line.
Fast
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is initializing the VDSL line.
Off There is no Ethernet connection on the WAN.
Amber On The ADSL line on the WAN is up.
Slow
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is looking for an ADSL line
Fast
Blinking
The Zyxel Device is initializing the ADSL line.
Internet Green On The Zyxel Device has an IP connection but no traffic.
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP
server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL
connection is up.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving IP traffic.
Off There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.
Red On The Zyxel Device attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible
causes are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE
authentication failed.
LAN1~4 Green On The Zyxel Device has a successful 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connection
with a device on the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking The Zyxel Device is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 10/100/
1000 Mbps.
Off The Zyxel Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
2.4G WLAN/
WPS
Green On The 2.4 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with 2.4 GHz wireless clients.
Amber Blinking The Zyxel Device is setting up a WPS connection with a 2.4 GHz wireless
client.
Off The 2.4 GHz wireless network is not activated.
5G WLAN/
WPS
Green On The 5 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Zyxel Device is communicating with 5 GHz wireless clients.
Amber Blinking The Zyxel Device is setting up a WPS connection with a 5 GHz wireless client.
Off The 5 GHz wireless network is not activated.
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1.4.3 Rear Panels
The connection ports are located on the rear panel, with some models’ USB port on the side panel.
Figure 24 VMG1312-B10D Rear Panel
Phone1,
Phone2
Green On A SIP account is registered for at least one phone port, and there’s no voice
message in the corresponding SIP account.
Blinking A telephone connected to one of the phone port has its receiver off the
hook or there is an incoming call. There’s no voice message in the
corresponding SIP account.
Amber On A SIP account is registered for the phone port and there is a voice message
in the corresponding SIP account.
Blinking A telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off the hook or
there is an incoming call. There’s voice message in the corresponding SIP
account.
Off • The SIP account is not enabled.
• The phone port does not have a SIP account registered.
SFP Green On A fiber link is up.
Off A fiber link is down.
VMG8623-T50A LED Descriptions (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
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Figure 25 VMG3312-T20A Rear Panel
Figure 26 VMG3625-T20A Rear Panel
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Figure 27 VMG3625-T50A Rear Panel
Figure 28 VMG3925-B10B Rear Panel
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Figure 29 VMG3925-B10C Rear Panel
Figure 30 VMG3927-Bx0A Rear Panel
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Figure 31 VMG8623-T50A Rear Panel
Figure 32 VMG8823-Bx0B Rear Panel
Figure 33 VMG8825-Bx0A Rear Panel
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Figure 34 VMG8825-Bx0B / VMG8825-Bx0C Rear Panels
Figure 35 VMG8825-T50 Rear Panel
SFP Port
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Figure 36 VMG8924-B10D Rear Panel
Figure 37 XMG3927-B50A Rear Panel
The following table describes the items on the panels.
Table 15 Panel Ports and Buttons
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WiFi Press the WLAN button for more than one second to enable the wireless function.
WPS Press the WPS button for more than one second to quickly set up a secure wireless connection
between the device and a WPS-compatible client.
SFP Connect an SFP transceiver to the SFP port for fiber-speed Internet access.
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1.4.3.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install an SFP transceiver.
1Locate the transmit (Tx) and the receive (Rx) markings on the SFP+ module to identify the top.
2Insert the transceiver into the slot.
3Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
4The Zyxel Device automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that it is
functioning properly.
5Close the transceiver’s latch (the latch styles vary).
6Connect the fiber optic cables to the transceiver.
1.4.3.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove an SFP transceiver.
1Remove the fiber optic cables from the transceiver.
2Open the transceiver’s latch (the latch styles vary).
3Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
1.4.4 Using the WLAN and WPS Buttons
If the wireless network is turned off, press the WiFi button. Check the WLAN/WPS LED on the front panel to
see if the wireless network is active.
You can also use the WPS button to quickly set up a secure wireless connection between the Zyxel
Device and a WPS-compatible client by adding one device at a time.
To activate WPS:
1Make sure the POWER LED is on and not blinking.
2Press the WPS button and release it.
USB The USB port(s) is used for cellular WAN backup, file-sharing, media server, and print server.
DSL Connect a RJ-11 cable to the DSL port for Internet access.
PHONE1 ~
PHONE2
Connect analog phones to the phone ports to make phone calls.
LAN1 ~ LAN4 Connect computers or other Ethernet devices to Ethernet ports for Internet access.
WAN Connect an Ethernet cable to the Ethernet WAN port for Internet access.
Power Connect the power cable and then can press the power button to start the device.
Reset Press the button to return the Zyxel Device to the factory defaults.
Table 15 Panel Ports and Buttons (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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3Press the WPS button on another WPS-enabled device within range of the Zyxel Device. The WLAN/WPS
LED flashes amber while the Zyxel Device sets up a WPS connection with the other wireless device.
4Once the connection is successfully made, the WLAN/WPS LED shines blue or green.
Note: If your Zyxel Device supports both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz wireless networks, the connection
to the 2.4 GHz wireless network has priority.
To turn off the wireless network, press the WiFi button. The WLAN/WPS LED turns off when the wireless
network is off.
See the following table to see how long you need to press the WiFi and WPS buttons on the Zyxel Device.
1.4.5 The RESET Button
If you forget your password or cannot access the Web Configurator, you will need to use the RESET
button to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations
that you had previously. The password will be reset to the factory default (see the device label), and the
LAN IP address will be “192.168.1.1”.
1Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).
2To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button or until the POWER LED
begins to blink and then release it. When the POWER LED begins to blink, the defaults have been
restored and the device restarts.
Table 16 WLAN and WPA Buttons
MODEL WLAN BUTTON WPS BUTTON
VMG1312-B10D One second Two seconds
VMG3312-T20A More than two seconds More than five seconds
VMG3625-T20A More than two seconds More than five seconds
VMG3625-T50A More than one second More than five seconds
VMG3925-B10B Two seconds Two seconds
VMG3925-B10C More than two seconds More than five seconds
XMG3927-B50A More than one second More than one second
VMG3927-Bx0A More than one second More than one second
VMG8623-T50A More than one second More than five seconds
VMG8823-BX0B More than two seconds More than five seconds
VMG8825-BX0A More than one second More than one second
VMG8825-BX0B More than one second More than one second
VMG8825-BX0C More than one second More than one second
VMG8825-T50 More than one second More than one second
VMG8924-B10D More than two seconds More than five seconds
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See the following table to see how long you need to press the RESET button on the Zyxel Device.
Table 17 RESET Button
MODEL RESET BUTTON
VMG1312-B10D One second
VMG3312-T20A Five seconds
VMG3625-T20A Five seconds
VMG3625-T50A More than five seconds
VMG3925-B10B Ten seconds
VMG3925-B10C More than five seconds
XMG3927-B50A More than five seconds
VMG3927-Bx0A More than five seconds
VMG8623-T50A More than five seconds
VMG8823-BX0B Five seconds
VMG8825-BX0A More than five seconds
VMG8825-BX0B More than five seconds
VMG8825-BX0C More than five seconds
VMG8825-T50 More than five seconds
VMG8924-B10D Five seconds
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CHAPTER 2
The Web Configurator
2.1 Overview
The Web Configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy Zyxel Device setup and
management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 8.0 and later versions or Mozilla Firefox 3 and
later versions or Safari 2.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your Zyxel Device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in
Windows 7.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator
1Make sure your Zyxel Device hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start Guide).
2Launch your web browser. If the Zyxel Device does not automatically re-direct you to the login screen,
go to http://192.168.1.1.
3A password screen displays. Select the language you prefer.
4To access the administrative Web Configurator and manage the Zyxel Device, type the default
username admin and the randomly assigned default password (see the device label) in the password
screen and click Login. If you have changed the password, enter your password and click Login.
Figure 38 Password Screen
5The following screen displays when you log into the Web Configurator for the first time. Enter a new
password, retype it to confirm, and click Change password. If you prefer to use the default password,
click Skip.
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Figure 39 Change Password Screen
6The Wizard screen displays when you log into the Web Configurator for the first time. Use the Wizard
screens to configure the Zyxel Device’s time zone, basic Internet access, and wireless settings. See
Chapter 3 on page 64 for more information about the Wizard screens.
7The Connection Status page appears. Use this screen to configure basic Internet access, wireless
settings, and parental control settings.
Figure 40 Connection Status
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2.2 Web Configurator Layout
Figure 41 Screen Layout
As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:
•A - Settings Icon (Navigation Panel & Side Bar)
•B - Widget Icon
•C - Main Window
2.2.1 Settings Icon
Click this icon ( ) to see the side bar and navigation panel.
2.2.1.1 Side Bar
The side bar provides some icons on the right hand side.
C
A
B
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The icons provide the following functions.
2.2.1.2 Navigation Panel
Use the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure Zyxel Device features. The
following tables describe each menu item.
Note: The menu items on the navigation panel vary among the models. See Section 1.1 on
page 18 for more information about the feature differences of the Zyxel Device
Table 18 Web Configurator Icons in the Title Bar
ICON DESCRIPTION
Wizard: Click this icon to open screens where you can configure the Zyxel Device’s time zone
Internet access, and wireless settings. See Chapter 3 on page 64 for more information about the
Wizard screens.
Theme: Click this icon to select a color that you prefer and apply it to the Web Configurator.
Language: Select the language you prefer.
Restart: Click this icon to reboot the Zyxel Device without turning the power off.
Logout: Click this icon to log out of the Web Configurator.
Table 19 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Connection Status Use this screen to configure basic Internet access, wireless settings, and
parental control settings. This screen also shows the network status of the
Zyxel Device and computers/devices connected to it.
Network Setting
Broadband Broadband Use this screen to view and configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address
assignment, and other advanced properties. You can also add new
WAN connections.
Cellular Backup Use this screen to configure 3G WAN connection.
Advanced Use this screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex J,
and DSL PhyR functions.
Ethernet WAN Use this screen to convert Ethernet LAN 4 port as WAN port, or restore the
WAN port to LAN port.
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Wireless General Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings and WLAN
authentication/security settings.
Guest/More
APGuest/More
AP
Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the Zyxel Device.
MAC
Authentication
Use this screen to block or allow wireless traffic from wireless devices of
certain SSIDs and MAC addresses to the Zyxel Device.
WPS Use this screen to configure and view your WPS (WiFi Protected Setup)
settings.
WMM Use this screen to enable or disable WiFi MultiMedia (WMM).
Others Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings.
Channel Status Use this screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results.
MESH Use this screen to enable or disable Zyxel Mesh (Multy Pro).
WLAN Scheduler Use this screen to create rules to schedule the times to permit Internet
traffic from each wireless network interfaces.
Home
Networking LAN Setup Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP settings, and other advanced
properties.
Static DHCP Use this screen to assign specific IP addresses to individual MAC
addresses.
UPnP Use this screen to turn UPnP and UPnP NAT-T on or off.
Additional
Subnet
Use this screen to configure IP alias and public static IP.
STB Vendor ID Use this screen to configure the Vendor IDs of the connected Set Top Box
(STB) devices, which have the Zyxel Device automatically create static
DHCP entries for the STB devices when they request IP addresses.
Wake on LAN Use this screen to remotely turn on a device on the local network.
TFTP Server Name Use DHCP option 66 to identify a TFTP server name.
Routing Static Route Use this screen to view and set up static routes on the Zyxel Device.
DNS Route Use this screen to forward DNS queries for certain domain names through
a specific WAN interface to its DNS server(s).
Policy Route Use this screen to configure policy routing on the Zyxel Device.
RIP Use this screen to configure Routing Information Protocol to exchange
routing information with other routers.
QoS General Use this screen to enable QoS and traffic prioritizing. You can also
configure the QoS rules and actions.
Queue Setup Use this screen to configure QoS queues.
Classification
Setup
Use this screen to define a classifier.
Shaper Setup Use this screen to limit outgoing traffic rate on the selected interface.
Policer Setup Use this screen to configure QoS policers.
Table 19 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
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NAT Port Forwarding Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside world.
Port Triggering Use this screen to change your Zyxel Device’s port triggering settings.
DMZ Use this screen to configure a default server which receives packets from
ports that are not specified in the Port Forwarding screen.
ALG Use this screen to enable or disable SIP ALG.
Address Mapping Use this screen to change your Zyxel Device’s address mapping settings.
Sessions Use this screen to configure the maximum number of NAT sessions each
client host is allowed to have through the Zyxel Device.
DNS DNS Entry Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes.
Dynamic DNS Use this screen to allow a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP address.
IGMP/MLD IGMP/MLD Use this screen to configure multicast settings (IGMP for IPv4 and MLD for
IPv6 multicast groups) on the WAN.
Vlan Group Vlan Group Use this screen to group and tag VLAN IDs to outgoing traffic from the
specified interface.
Interface
Grouping Interface
Grouping
Use this screen to map a port to a PVC or bridge group.
USB Service File Sharing Use this screen to enable file sharing via the Zyxel Device.
Media Server Use this screen to use the Zyxel Device as a media server.
Home
Connectivity Home
Connectivity
Use this screen to enable or disable WiFi auto-configuration.
Security
Firewall General Use this screen to configure the security level of your firewall.
Protocol Use this screen to add Internet services and configure firewall rules.
Access Control Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network services.
DoS Use this screen to activate protection against Denial of Service (DoS)
attacks.
MAC Filter MAC Filter Use this screen to block or allow traffic from devices of certain MAC
addresses to the Zyxel Device.
Parental
Control Parental Control Use this screen to block web sites with the specific URL.
Scheduler Rule Scheduler Rule Use this screen to configure the days and times when a configured
restriction (such as parental control) is enforced.
Certificates Local Certificates Use this screen to view a summary list of certificates and manage
certificates and certification requests.
Trusted CA Use this screen to view and manage the list of the trusted CAs.
VoIP
SIP SIP Account Use this screen to set up information about your SIP account and
configure audio settings such as volume levels for the phones
connected to the Zyxel Device.
SIP Service
Provider
Use this screen to configure the SIP server information, QoS for VoIP calls,
the numbers for certain phone functions, and dialing plan.
Phone Phone Device Use this screen to select your location and a call service mode.
Region Use this screen to select your location and a call service mode.
Call Rule Call Rule Use this screen to configure speed dial for SIP phone numbers that you
call often.
Table 19 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
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Call History Call History Use this screen to view a call history list.
Call Summary Use this screen to view the summary of received, dialed and missed calls.
System Monitor
Log System Log Use this screen to view the status of events that occurred to the Zyxel
Device. You can export or email the logs.
Security Log Use this screen to view all security related events. You can select level
and category of the security events in their proper drop-down list
window.
Levels include:
•Emergency
•Alert
• Critical
• Error
• Warning
•Notice
• Informational
•Debugging
Categories include:
• Account
• Attack
•Firewall
• MAC Filter
Traffic Status WAN Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through the
WAN port of the Zyxel Device.
LAN Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through the
LAN ports of the Zyxel Device.
NAT Use this screen to view NAT statistics for connected hosts.
VoIP Status VoIP Status Use this screen to view VoIP registration, current call status and phone
numbers for the phone ports.
ARP Table ARP Table Use this screen to view the ARP table. It displays the IP and MAC address
of each DHCP connection.
Routing Table Routing Table Use this screen to view the routing table on the Zyxel Device.
Multicast Status IGMP Status Use this screen to view the status of all IGMP settings on the Zyxel Device.
MLD Status Use this screen to view the status of all MLD settings on the Zyxel Device.
xDSL Statistics xDSL Statistics Use this screen to view the Zyxel Device’s xDSL traffic statistics.
WLAN Station
Status WLAN Station
Status
Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated
to the Zyxel Device.
Cellular
Statistics Cellular Statistics Use this screen to look at cellular Internet connection status.
Maintenance
System System Use this screen to set Device name and Domain name.
User Account User Account Use this screen to change user password on the Zyxel Device.
Remote
Management MGMT Service Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network services.
Trust Domain Use this screen to view a list of public IP addresses which are allowed to
access the Zyxel Device through the services configured in the
Maintenance > Remote Management screen.
Table 19 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
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SNMP SNMP Use this screen to configure SNMP (Simple Network Management
Protocol) settings.
Time Time Use this screen to change your Zyxel Device’s time and date.
Email
Notification Email Notification Use this screen to configure up to two mail servers and sender addresses
on the Zyxel Device.
Log Setting Log Setting Use this screen to change your Zyxel Device’s log settings.
Firmware
Upgrade Firmware
Upgrade
Use this screen to upload firmware to your Zyxel Device.
Backup/Restore Backup/Restore Use this screen to backup and restore your Zyxel Device’s configuration
(settings) or reset the factory default settings.
Reboot Reboot Use this screen to reboot the Zyxel Device without turning the power off.
Diagnostic Ping&Traceroute
&Nslookup
Use this screen to identify problems with the DSL connection. You can
use Ping, TraceRoute, or Nslookup to help you identify problems.
802.1ag Use this screen to configure CFM (Connectivity Fault Management) MD
(maintenance domain) and MA (maintenance association), perform
connectivity tests and view test reports.
802.3ah Use this screen to configure link OAM port parameters,
OAM Ping Use this screen to view information to help you identify problems with the
DSL connection.
Table 19 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
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2.2.2 Widget Icon
Click this icon ( ) to arrange the screen order. Select a block and hold it to move around. Click the
Check icon ( ) in the lower left corner to save the changes.
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CHAPTER 3
Quick Start
3.1 Overview
Use the Wizard screens to configure the Zyxel Device’s time zone, basic Internet access, and wireless
settings.
Note: See the technical reference chapters (starting on Chapter 4 on page 70) for
background information on the features in this chapter.
3.2 Quick Start Setup
You can click the Wizard icon in the side bar to open the Wizard screens. See Section 2.2.1.1 on page 57
for more information about side bar. After you click the Wizard icon, the following screen appears. Click
Let’s Go to proceed with settings on time zone, basic Internet access, and wireless networks. It will take
you a few minutes to complete the settings on the Wizard screens. You can also click Skip to leave the
Wizard screens.
Figure 42 Wizard - Home
3.3 Time Zone
Select the time zone of your location. Click Next.
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Figure 43 Wizard - Time Zone
3.4 Internet
Connect an Ethernet cable, a DSL cable, or a USB dongle for Internet access. See Section 1.1.5 on page
22 for more information about WAN priority. The Zyxel Device will check the Internet status
automatically, and determine your connection type. You can also click Skip to pass Internet settings in
the Wizard.
Figure 44 Wizard - Internet
3.4.1 Internet Status
The Zyxel Device is checking the Internet status. Click Next.
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Figure 45 Wizard - Internet Check
3.4.2 Successful Internet Connection
The Zyxel Device has Internet access.
Figure 46 Wizard - Successful WAN Connection
3.4.3 Unsuccessful Internet Connection
The Zyxel Device didn’t detect a WAN connection. Connect an Ethernet cable, a DSL cable, or a USB
dongle for Internet access if you haven’t connected any.
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Figure 47 Wizard - WAN Connection is Down
3.4.4 Incorrect Internet Information
The Internet connection information is incorrect. Click Next to configure the Internet settings.
Figure 48 Wizard - Incorrect Internet Information
3.4.5 Encapsulation
Select the encapsulation type your ISP uses.
Figure 49 Wizard - Incorrect Internet Information
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3.4.6 Internet Information In put
Enter your Internet connection information if you select PPPoE as the encapsulation method. Click Next.
Figure 50 Wizard - Internet Connection Information
3.5 Quick Start Setup-Wireless
Turn the wireless LAN on or off. If you keep it on, record the security settings so you can configure your
wireless clients to connect to the Zyxel Device.
Click the Keep 2.4G and 5G the same check box to use the same SSID for 2.4GHz and 5GHz wireless
networks. Otherwise, deselect the check box to have two different SSIDs for 2.4GHz and 5GHz wireless
networks. The screen and fields to enter may vary when you select or deselect the check box. Note that
you have to disable Zyxel MESH in the Network > Wireless > MESH screen to deselect the Keep 2.4G and
5G the same check box.
Click Done.
Figure 51 Wizard - Wireless
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3.6 Quick Start Setup-Finish
Your Zyxel Device saves your settings and attempts to connect to the Internet.
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CHAPTER 4
Tutorials
4.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to use the Zyxel Device’s various features.
•Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection, see page 70
•Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network, see page 73
•Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups, see page 81
•Using the File Sharing Feature, see page 85
•Using the Media Server Feature, see page 87
•Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network, see page 92
•Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup, see page 95
•Access the Zyxel Device Using DDNS, see page 98
•Configuring the MAC Address Filter, see page 100
•Access Your Shared Files From a Computer, see page 101
4.2 Setting Up an ADSL PPPoE Connection
This tutorial shows you how to set up an ADSL Internet connection using the Web Configurator.
If you connect to the Internet through an ADSL connection, use the information from your Internet
Service Provider (ISP) to configure the Zyxel Device. Be sure to contact your service provider for any
information you need to configure the Broadband screens.
1Click Network Setting > Broadband to open the following screen. Click Add New WAN Interface.
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2In this example, the DSL connection has the following information.
3Enter the General and ATM PVC Configuration settings as provided above.
Set the Type to ADSL over ATM.
Choose the Encapsulation specified by your DSL service provider. For this example, the service provider
requires a username and password to establish Internet connection. Therefore, select PPPoE as the WAN
encapsulation type.
Set the IPv4/IPv6 Mode to IPv4 Only.
4Enter the account information provided to you by your DSL service provider.
5Configure this rule as your default Internet connection by selecting the Apply a s Default Gateway check
box. Then select DNS as Static and enter the DNS server addresses provided to you, such as 192.168.5.2
(DNS server1)/192.168.5.1 (DNS server2).
6Leave the rest of the fields to the default settings.
7Click Apply to save your settings.
General
Name MyDSLConnection
Type ADSL over ATM
Connection Mode Routing
Encapsulation PPPoE
IPv6/IPv4 Mode IPv4
ATM PVC Configuration
VPI/VCI 36/48
Encapsulation Mode LLC/SNAP-Bridging
Service Category UBR without PCR
Account Information
PPP User Name 1234@DSL-Ex.com
PPP Password ABCDEF!
Static IP Address 192.168.1.32
Gateway IP Address 192.168.1.254
Others Authentication Method: AUTO
PPPoE Passthrough: Disabled
NAT: Enabled
IGMP Multicast Proxy: Enabled
Apply as Default Gateway: Enabled
VLAN: Disabled
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8You should see a summary of your new DSL connection setup in the Broadband screen as follows.
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Try to connect to a website to see if you have correctly set up your Internet connection. Be sure to
contact your service provider for any information you need to configure the WAN screens.
4.3 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network
Thomas wants to set up a wireless network so that he can use his notebook to access the Internet. In this
wireless network, the Zyxel Device serves as an access point (AP), and the notebook is the wireless client.
The wireless client can access the Internet through the AP.
Thomas has to configure the wireless network settings on the Zyxel Device. Then he can set up a wireless
network using WPS (Section 4.3.2 on page 76) or manual configuration (Section 4.3.3 on page 80).
4.3.1 Configuring the Wireless Network Settings
This example uses the following parameters to set up a wireless network.
DSL
SSID Example
Security Mode WPA2-PSK
Pre-Shared Key DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork
802.11 Mode 802.11b/g/n Mixed
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2Go to the Wireless > Others screen and select 802.11b/g/n Mixed in the 802.11 Mode field. Click Apply.
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Thomas can now use the WPS feature to establish a wireless connection between his notebook and the
Zyxel Device (see Section 4.3.2 on page 76). He can also use the notebook’s wireless client to search for
the Zyxel Device (see Section 4.3.3 on page 80).
4.3.2 Using WPS
This section gives you an example of how to set up a wireless network using WPS. This example uses the
Zyxel Device as the AP and a WPS-enabled Android smartphone as the wireless client.
There are two WPS methods for creating a secure connection. This tutorial shows you how to do both.
•Push Button Configuration (PBC) - create a secure wireless network simply by pressing a button. See
Section on page 76. This is the easier method.
•PIN Configuration - create a secure wireless network simply by entering a wireless client's PIN (Personal
Identification Number) in the Zyxel Device’s interface. See Section on page 78. This is the more secure
method, since one device can authenticate the other.
Push Button Configuration (PBC)
1Make sure that your Zyxel Device is turned on and your notebook is within the cover range of the wireless
signal.
2Push and hold the WPS button located on the Zyxel Device’s front panel for more than one second.
Alternatively, you may log into the Zyxel Device’s Web Configurator and go to the Network Setting >
Wireless > WPS screen. Enable the WPS function for method 1 and click Apply. Then click the Connect
button.
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Note: Your Zyxel Device has a WPS button located on its side panel as well as a WPS button in
its configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function: you can use one
or the other.
Note: It doesn’t matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second button within
two minutes of pressing the first one.
The Zyxel Device sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two
minutes. The wireless client is then able to communicate with the Zyxel Device securely.
The following figure shows you how to set up wireless network and security by pressing a button on both
Zyxel Device and wireless client (the Android phone in this example).
1
2
3
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Figure 52 Example WPS Process: PBC Method
Example WPS Process: PBC Method
PIN Configuration
When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to check the client’s PIN number and use the
Zyxel Device’s configuration interface.
1Go to your phone settings and turn on WiFi. Open the WiFi networks list and tap WPS PIN Entry to get a
PIN number.
2Log into Zyxel Device’s Web Configurator and go to the Network Setting > Wireless > WPS screen. Enable
the WPS function and click Apply.
Wireless Client
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
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3Enter the PIN number of the wireless client and click the Register button. Activate WPS function on the
wireless client utility screen within two minutes.
The Zyxel Device authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to the
wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. The wireless client is then able to communicate with the
Zyxel Device securely.
The following figure shows you how to set up wireless network and security on Zyxel Device and wireless
client (Android smartphone in this example) by using the PIN method.
1
2
3
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Figure 53 Example WPS Process: PIN Method
Example WPS Process: PIN Method
4.3.3 Without WPS
Use the wireless adapter’s utility installed on the notebook to search for the “Example” SSID. Then enter
the “DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork” pre-shared key to establish a wireless Internet connection.
Note: The Zyxel Device supports IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g wireless clients. Make sure that
your notebook or computer’s wireless adapter supports one of these standards.
Authentication by PIN
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Enter WPS PIN
WPS
from other device:
WPS
START
Wireless Client
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4.4 Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups
Company A wants to create different wireless network groups for different types of users as shown in the
following figure. Each group has its own SSID and security mode.
• Employees in Company A will use a general Company wireless network group.
• Higher management level and important visitors will use the VIP group.
• Visiting guests will use the Guest group, which has a different SSID and password.
Company A will use the following parameters to set up the wireless network groups.
1Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen. Use this screen to set up the company’s
general wireless network group. Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply.
COMPANY VIP GUEST
SSID Company VIP Guest
Security Level More Secure More Secure More Secure
Security Mode WPA2-PSK WPA2-PSK WPA2-PSK
Pre-Shared Key ForCompanyOnly 123456789 guest123
DSL
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2Click Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP to open the following screen. Click the Edit icon to
configure the second wireless network group.
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3Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply.
4In the Guest/More AP screen, click the Edit icon to configure the third wireless network group. Configure
the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply.
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5Check the status of VIP and Guest in the Guest/More AP screen. The yellow bulbs signify that the SSIDs
are active and ready for wireless access.
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4.5 Using the File Sharing Feature
In this section you can:
• Set up file sharing of your USB device from the Zyxel Device.
• Access the shared files of your USB device from a computer.
4.5.1 Set Up File Sharing
To set up file sharing you need to connect your USB device, enable file sharing and set up your share(s).
Before enabling file sharing in the Zyxel Device, please set up your shares beforehand in the USB.
4.5.1.1 Activate File Sharing
Connect your USB device to the USB port at the side panel of the Zyxel Device.
Click Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing. Enable and click Apply to activate the file sharing
function. The Zyxel Device automatically adds your USB device to the Information.
4.5.1.2 Set up File Sharing on Your Zyxel Device
You also need to set up file sharing on your Zyxel Device in order to share files.
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1Click Add New Share in the File Sharing screen to add a new share. Select your USB device from the
Volume drop-down list box.
2Click Browse to browse through all the files on your USB device. Select the folder that you want to add as
a share. In this example, select BobShare. Click Apply
3It’s mandatory for you to add a description for the share. Also, if you want the share to be accessed by
users connecting to the Zyxel Device, you can select Public in Access Level or select Security to specific
users’ use only. Please note that you need to create the users’ accounts that are eligible to access the
secure shares beforehand in Account Management, if you want to configure the Access Level to
Security. For detailed information, please refer to the steps below. The Add Share Directory screen
should look like the following. Click Apply to finish.
4This sets up the file sharing server. You can see the USB storage device listed in the table below.
5If you want specific users only to access the shares, you need to Add New Users in Account
Management. Once you click the Add New User button, you’ll be directed to the User Account screen.
To create a user account that can access the secured shares on the USB device, click the Add New
Account button in the Maintenance > User Account screen.
Please see Chapter 34 on page 342, for detailed information about User Account screen.
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6After you create a new user account, the screen should look like the following.
4.5.2 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer
You can use Windows Explorer to access the file storage devices connected to the Zyxel Device.
Note: The examples in this User’s Guide show you how to use Microsoft’s Windows 7 to browse
your shared files. Refer to your operating system’s documentation for how to browse
your file structure.
Open Windows Explorer to access BobShare using the Windows Explorer browser.
In the Windows Explorer’s address bar type a double backslash “\\” followed by the IP address of the
Zyxel Device (the default IP address of the Zyxel Device is 192.168.1.1) and press [ENTER]. The share folder
BobShare is available.
Once you access BobShare via your Zyxel Device, you do not have to relogin unless you restart your
computer.
4.6 Using the Media Server Feature
Use the media server feature to play files on a computer or on your television (using DMA-2500).
This section shows you how the media server feature works using the following media clients:
• Microsoft (MS) Windows Media Player
Media Server works with Windows 7. Make sure your computer is able to play media files (music,
videos and pictures).
• Zyxel DMA-2500, a digital media adapter
You need to set up the DMA-2500 to work with your television (TV). Refer to the DMA-2500 Quick Start
Guide for the correct hardware connections.
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Before you begin, connect the USB storage device containing the media files you want to play to the
USB port of your Zyxel Device.
4.6.1 Configuring the Zyxel Device
To use your Zyxel Device as a media server, click Network Setting > USB Service > Media Server.
Enable Media Server, select an interface on which you want to enable the media server function, enter
the path clients use to access the media files on a USB storage device connected to the Zyxel Device,
and click Apply. This enables DLNA-compliant media clients to play the video, music and image files in
your USB storage device.
4.6.2 Using Windows Media Player
This section shows you how to play the media files on the USB storage device connected to your Zyxel
Device using Windows Media Player.
Windows 7
1Open Windows Media Player. It should automatically detect the Zyxel Device.
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2If you cannot see the Zyxel Device in the left panel as shown above, go to Organize > Manage Libraries
> Music/Videos/Pictures/Recorded TV > Add > \\192.168.1.1\BobShare. (Select the folder containing
the media you wish to upload to Windows Media Player.)
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3In the right panel, you should see a list of files available in the USB storage device.
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4.6.3 Using a Digital Media Adapter
This section shows you how you can use the Zyxel Device with a Zyxel DMA-2500 to play media files
stored in the USB storage device on your TV screen.
Note: For this tutorial, your DMA-2500 should already be set up with the TV according to the
instructions in the DMA-2500 Quick Start Guide.
1Connect the DMA-2500 to an available LAN port in your Zyxel Device.
2Turn on the TV and wait for the DMA-2500 Home screen to appear. Using the remote controller, go to
MyMedia to open the following screen. Select the GPON Device as your media server.
3The screen shows you the list of available media files in the USB storage device. Select the file you want
to open and push the Play button in the remote controller.
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4.7 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another
Network
In order to extend your Intranet and control traffic flowing directions, you may connect a router to the
Zyxel Device’s LAN. The router may be used to separate two department networks. This tutorial shows
how to configure a static routing rule for two network routings.
In the following figure, router R is connected to the Zyxel Device’s LAN. R connects to two networks, N1
(192.168.1.x/24) and N2 (192.168.10.x/24). If you want to send traffic from computer A (in N1 network) to
computer B (in N2 network), the traffic is sent to the Zyxel Device’s WAN default gateway by default. In
this case, B will never receive the traffic.
DSL
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You need to specify a static routing rule on the Zyxel Device to specify R as the router in charge of
forwarding traffic to N2. In this case, the Zyxel Device routes traffic from A to R and then R routes the
traffic to B.
This tutorial uses the following example IP settings:
To configure a static route to route traffic from N1 to N2:
1Log into the Zyxel Device’s Web Configurator in advanced mode.
2Click Network Setting > Routing.
3Click Add new Static Route in the Static Route screen.
Table 20 IP Settings in this Tutorial
DEVICE / COMPUTER IP ADDRESS
The Zyxel Device’s WAN 172.16.1.1
The Zyxel Device’s LAN 192.168.1.1
IP Type IPv4
Use Interface VDSL
A192.168.1.34
R’s N1 192.168.1.253
R’s N2 192.168.10.2
B192.168.10.33
DSL
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4Configure the Static Route Setup screen using the following settings:
4a Click the Active button to enable this static route. When the switch goes to the right ( ), the
function is enabled. Enter the Route Name as R.
4b Set IP Type to IPv4.
4c Type the Destination IP Address 192.168.10.0 and IP Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 for the destination,
N2.
4d Click the Use Gateway IP Address button to enable this function. When the switch goes to the right
( ), the function is enabled. Type 192.168.1.253 (R’s N1 address) in the Gateway IP Address field.
4e Select VDSL as the Use Interface.
4a Click OK.
Now B should be able to receive traffic from A. You may need to additionally configure B’s firewall
settings to allow specific traffic to pass through.
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4.8 Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup
This section contains tutorials on how you can configure the QoS screen.
Let’s say you are a team leader of a small sales branch office. You want to prioritize email traffic
because your task includes sending urgent updates to clients at least twice every hour. You also upload
data files (such as logs and email archives) to the FTP server throughout the day. Your colleagues use
the Internet for research, as well as chat applications for communicating with other branch offices.
In the following figure, your Internet connection has an upstream transmission bandwidth of 10,000 kbps.
For this example, you want to configure QoS so that email traffic gets the highest priority with at least
5,000 kbps. You can do the following:
• Configure a queue to assign the highest priority queue (1) to email traffic going to the WAN interface,
so that email traffic would not get delayed when there is network congestion.
• Note the IP address (192.168.1.23 for example) and/or MAC address (AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF for example)
of your computer and map it to queue 7.
Note: QoS is applied to traffic flowing out of the Zyxel Device.
Traffic that does not match this class is assigned a priority queue based on the internal QoS mapping
table on the Zyxel Device.
QoS Example
1Click Network Setting > QoS > General and click the QoS button to enable. When the switch goes to the
right ( ), the function is enabled. Set your WAN Managed Upstream Bandwidth to 10,000 kbps (or
leave this blank to have the Zyxel Device automatically determine this figure). Click Apply.
10,000 kbps
DSL
Your computer
IP=192.168.1.23
A colleague’s computer
Other traffic: Automatic classifier
and/or
MAC=AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF
Email traffic: Highest priority
DSL
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Tutorial: Advanced > QoS
2Click Network > Queue Setup > Add new Queue to create a new queue. In the screen that opens, click
the Active field to enable. When the switch goes to the right ( ), the function is enabled. Enter or
select the following values:
•Name: Email
•Interface: WAN
•Priority: 1 (High)
•Weight: 8
•Rate Limit: 5,000 (kbps)
Tutor ial: Advanced > Q oS > Queue Setup
3Click Network > QoS > Classification Setup > Add new Classification to create a new class. Select Enable
in the Active field and follow the settings as shown in the screen below.
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Tutorial: Advanced > Q oS > Class Setup
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This maps email traffic coming from port 25 to the highest priority, which you have created in the
previous screen (see the IP Protocol field). This also maps your computer’s IP address and MAC address
to the Email queue (see the Source fields).
4.9 Access the Zyxel Device Using DDNS
If you connect your Zyxel Device to the Internet and it uses a dynamic WAN IP address, it is inconvenient
for you to manage the device from the Internet. The Zyxel Device’s WAN IP address changes
dynamically. Dynamic DNS (DDNS) allows you to access the Zyxel Device using a domain name.
To use this feature, you have to apply for DDNS service at www.dyndns.org.
This tutorial covers:
•Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org
•Configuring DDNS on Your Zyxel Device
•Testing the DDNS Setting
Note: If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use DDNS.
4.9.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org
1Open a browser and type http://www.dyndns.org.
2Apply for a user account. This tutorial uses UserName1 and 12345 as the username and password.
3Log into www.dyndns.org using your account.
Class Name Give a class name to this traffic, such as Email in this example.
From Interface This is the interface from which the traffic will be coming from. Select LAN1 for this example.
Ether Type Select IP to identify the traffic source by its IP address or MAC address.
IP Address Type the IP address of your computer - 192.168.1.23. Type the IP Subnet Mask if you know it.
MAC Address Type the MAC address of your computer - AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF. Type the MAC Mask if you know it.
To Queue Index Link this to an item in the Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup screen, which is the Email queue
created in this example.
DSL
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4Add a new DDNS host name. This tutorial uses the following settings as an example.
• Hostname: zyxelrouter.dyndns.org
• Service Type: Host with IP address
• IP Address: Enter the WAN IP address that your Zyxel Device is currently using. You can find the IP
address on the Zyxel Device’s Web Configurator Status page.
Then you will need to configure the same account and host name on the Zyxel Device later.
4.9.2 Configuring DDNS on Your Zyxel Device
Configure the following settings in the Network Setting > DNS > Dynamic DNS screen.
•Select Enable Dynamic DNS.
•Select www.DynDNS.com as the service provider.
•Type zyxelrouter.dyndns.org in the Host Name field.
• Enter the user name (UserName1) and password (12345).
Click Apply.
4.9.3 Testing the DDNS Setting
Now you should be able to access the Zyxel Device from the Internet. To test this:
1Open a web browser on the computer (using the IP address a.b.c.d) that is connected to the Internet.
2Type http://zyxelrouter.dyndns.org and press [Enter].
3The Zyxel Device’s login page should appear. You can then log into the Zyxel Device and manage it.
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4.10 Configuring the MAC Address Filter
Thomas noticed that his daughter Josephine spends too much time surfing the web and downloading
media files. He decided to prevent Josephine from accessing the Internet so that she can concentrate
on preparing for her final exams.
Josephine’s computer connects wirelessly to the Internet through the Zyxel Device. Thomas decides to
use the Security > MAC Filter screen to grant wireless network access to his computer but not to
Josephine’s computer.
1Click Security > MAC Filter to open the MAC Filter screen. Select the Enable check box to activate MAC
filter function.
2Select Allow. Click Add a new setting to add a new entry. Then enter the host name and MAC address
of Thomas’ computer in this screen. Click Apply.
DSL
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Thomas can also grant access to the computers of other members of his family and friends. However,
Josephine and others not listed in this screen will no longer be able to access the Internet through the
Zyxel Device.
4.11 Access Your Shared Files From a Computer
Here is how to use an FTP program to access a file storage device connected to the Zyxel Device’s USB
port.
Note: This example uses the FileZilla FTP program to browse your shared files.
1In FileZilla enter the IP address of the Zyxel Device (the default is 192.168.1.1), your account’s user name
and password and port 21 and click Quickconnect. A screen asking for password authentication
appears.
File Sharing via Windows Expl or e r
2Once you log in the USB device displays in the mnt folder.
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CHAPTER 5
Connection Status Screens
5.1 The Connection Status Screen
After you log into the Web Configurator, the Connection Status screen appears. You can configure
basic Internet access, wireless settings, and parental control settings in this screen. It also shows the
network status of the Zyxel Device and computers/devices connected to it.
5.2 The Connectivity Screen
Use this screen to view the network connection status of the Zyxel Device and its clients.
Figure 54 Connectivity
Click the Arrow icon ( ) to open the following screen. Use this screen to view IP addresses and MAC
addresses of the wireless and wired devices connected to the Zyxel Device.
Place your mouse within the device block, and an Edit icon ( ) will appear. Click the Edit icon to
change the icon and name of a connected device.
Figure 55 Connectivity: Connected Devices
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5.2.1 Icon and Device Name
Select an icon and/or enter a name in the Device Name field for a connected device. Click Save to
save your changes.
Figure 56 Connectivity: Edit
5.3 The System Info Screen
Use this screen to view the basic system information of the Zyxel Device.
Figure 57 System Info
Click the Arrow icon ( ) to open the following screen. Use this screen to view more information on the
status of your firewall and interfaces (WAN, LAN, and WLAN).
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Figure 58 System Info: Detailed Information
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 21 System Info: Detailed Information
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Host Name This field displays the Zyxel Device system name. It is used for identification.
Model Name This shows the model number of your Zyxel Device.
Serial Number This field displays the serial number of the Zyxel Device.
Firmware Version This is the current version of the firmware inside the Zyxel Device.
System Up Time This field displays how long the Zyxel Device has been running since it last started up. The
Zyxel Device starts up when you plug it in, when you restart it (Maintenance > Reboot), or
when you reset it.
Interface Status
Virtual ports are shown here. You can see the ports in use and their transmission rate.
WAN Information (These fields display when you have a WAN connection.)
Encapsulation This field displays the current encapsulation method.
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5.4 The WiFi Settings Screen
Use this screen to enable or disable the main 2.4 GHz and/or 5 GHz wireless networks. When the switch
goes to the right ( ), the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not. You can use this screen or the QR
code on the upper right corner to check the SSIDs (WiFi network name) and passwords of the main
wireless networks. If you want to show or hide your WiFi passwords, click the Eye icon ( ).
IP Address This field displays the current IP address of the Zyxel Device in the WAN.
Click the Release button to release the IP address provided by a DHCP server.
IP Subnet Mask This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN.
IPv6 Address This field displays the current IPv6 address of the Zyxel Device in the WAN.
MAC Address This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC (Media Access Control) address of your Zyxel
Device.
Primary DNS
server This field displays the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary DNS
server This field displays the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Primary DNSv6
server This field displays the first DNS server IPv6 address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary
DNSv6 server This field displays the second DNS server IPv6 address assigned by the ISP.
LAN Information
IP Address This is the current IP address of the Zyxel Device in the LAN.
Subnet Mask This is the current subnet mask in the LAN.
IPv6 Link Local
Address This field displays the current link-local address of the Zyxel Device for the LAN interface.
DHCP This field displays what DHCP services the Zyxel Device is providing to the LAN. The possible
values are:
Server - The Zyxel Device is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses to other
computers in the LAN.
Relay - The Zyxel Device acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays DHCP requests and
responses between the remote server and the clients.
None - The Zyxel Device is not providing any DHCP services to the LAN.
Security
Firewall This displays the firewall’s current security level.
WLAN 2.4G/5G Information
MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC (Media Access Control) address of the wireless
interface.
Status This displays whether the WLAN is activated.
SSID This is the descriptive name used to identify the Zyxel Device in a wireless LAN.
Channel This is the channel number used by the wireless interface now.
Security This displays the type of security mode the wireless interface is using in the wireless LAN.
802.11 Mode This displays the type of 802.11 mode the wireless interface is using in the wireless LAN.
WPS This displays whether WPS is activated on the wireless interface.
Table 21 System Info: Detailed Information (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 59 WiFi Settings
Click the Arrow icon ( ) to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure the SSIDs and/or
passwords for your main wireless networks. Select Keep 2.4G and 5G the same to use the same SSID for
2.4GHz and 5GHz bands. This enables wireless clients to steer between 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands in a
MESH network.
Figure 60 WiFi Settings: Configuration
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 22 WiFi Settings: Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Keep 2.4G and 5G
the same
Select this and the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz wireless networks will use the same SSID.
Note that you have to disable Zyxel MESH in the Network > Wireless > MESH screen to
deselect the Keep 2.4G and 5G th e same check box.
If you deselect this, the screen will change. You need to assign different SSIDs for the 2.4 GHz
and 5 GHz wireless networks.
2.4G/5G WiFi Click this switch to enable or disable the 2.4 GHz and/or 5 GHz wireless networks. When the
switch goes to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
WiFi Name The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is
associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
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5.5 The Guest WiFi Settings Screen
Use this screen to enable or disable the guest 2.4 GHz and/or 5 GHz wireless networks. When the switch
goes to the right ( ), the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not. You can check their SSIDs (WiFi
network name) and passwords from this screen. If you want to show or hide your WiFi passwords, click
the Eye icon.
Figure 61 Guest WiFi Settings
Click the Arrow icon ( ) to open the following screen. Use this screen configure the SSIDs and/or
passwords for your guest wireless networks.
WiFi Password If you selected Random Password, this field displays a pre-shared key generated by the Zyxel
Device.
If you did not select Random Password, you can manually type a pre-shared key from 8 to 64
case-sensitive keyboard characters.
Click the Eye icon to show or hide the password for your wireless network. When the Eye icon
is slashed , you’ll see the password in plain text. Otherwise, it’s hidden.
Random Password Select this option to have the Zyxel Device automatically generate a password. The WiFi
Password field will not be configurable when you select this option.
Hide WiFi Name Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot
obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Note: Disable WPS in the Network Setting > Wireless > WPS screen to hide the SSID.
Save Click Save to save your changes.
Table 22 WiFi Settings: Configuration (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 62 Guest WiFi Settings: Configuration
To assign different SSIDs to the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz guest wireless networks, clear the Keep 2.4G and 5G
the same check box in the WiFi Settings screen, and the Guest WiFi Settings screen will change. Note
that you have to disable Zyxel MESH in the Network > Wireless > MESH screen to clear the Keep 2.4G and
5G the same check box.
Figure 63 Guest WiFi Settings: Different SSIDs
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 23 WiFi Settings: Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WiFi
2.4G/5G WiFi
Click this switch to enable or disable the 2.4 GHz and/or 5 GHz wireless networks. When the
switch goes to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
WiFi Name The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is
associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
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5.6 The LAN Screen
Use this screen to view the LAN IP address, subnet mask, and DHCP settings of your Zyxel Device.
Figure 64 LAN
Click the Arrow icon ( ) to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure the LAN IP settings
and DHCP setting for your Zyxel Device.
WiFi Password If you selected Random Password, this field displays a pre-shared key generated by the Zyxel
Device.
If you did not select Random Password, you can manually type a pre-shared key from 8 to 64
case-sensitive keyboard characters.
Click the Eye icon to show or hide the password of your wireless network. When the Eye icon
is slashed , you’ll see the password in plain text. Otherwise, it’s hidden.
Random Password Select this option to have the Zyxel Device automatically generate a password. The WiFi
Password field will not be configurable when you select this option.
Hide WiFi Name Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot
obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Note: Disable WPS in the Network Setting > Wireless > WPS screen to hide the SSID.
Save Click Save to save your changes.
Table 23 WiFi Settings: Configuration (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 65 LAN Setup
Each field is described in the following table.
5.7 The Parental Control Screen
Use this screen to view the number of profiles that were created for parental control.
Table 24 Status Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
LAN IP Setup
IP Address Enter the LAN IPv4 IP address you want to assign to your Zyxel Device in dotted decimal
notation, for example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default).
Subnet Mask Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example 255.255.255.0
(factory default). Your Zyxel Device automatically computes the subnet mask based on the
IP address you enter, so do not change this field unless you are instructed to do so.
IP Addressing Values
Beginning IP
Address This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.
Ending IP
Address This field specifies the last of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.
DHCP Server State
DHCP Server
Lease Time This is the period of time DHCP-assigned addresses is used. DHCP automatically assigns IP
addresses to clients when they log in. DHCP centralizes IP address management on central
computers that run the DHCP server program. DHCP leases addresses, for a period of time,
which means that past addresses are “recycled” and made available for future
reassignment to other systems.
Days/Hours/
Minutes Enter the lease time of the DHCP server.
Save Click Save to save your changes.
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Figure 66 Parental Control
The Arrow icon is grayed out ( ) when the following are enabled:
•MESH feature is enabled in the Wireless > MESH screen.
•ONE Connect feature is enabled in the Network > Home Connectivity screen.
This means you can’t configure parental control settings. If you click the grayed out Arrow icon, the
following message will appear.
Figure 67 Cannot Use Parental Control
Disable the MESH feature in the Wireless > MESH screen and ONE Connect feature in the Network >
Home Connectivity screen, and the grayed-out Arrow icon should turn yellow ( ). Click the yellow
Arrow icon to open the following screen. Use this screen to enable parental control and add more
profiles. Add a profile to create restricted access schedules. Go to the Security > Parental Control > Add
New PCP/Edit screen to configure URL filtering settings to block the users on your network from accessing
certain web sites.
Figure 68 Parental Control
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Each field is described in the following table.
5.7.1 Create a Parental Control Profile
Click Add more Profile to create a profile. Use this screen to add a device(s) in a profile and block
Internet access on the profile device(s).
Figure 69 Parental Control: Add More Profile
Each field is described in the following table.
5.7.2 Define a Schedule
Click Next to define time periods and days during which Internet access is blocked on the profile
device(s).
Table 25 Parental Control: Schedule
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Parental Control Click this switch to enable or disable parental control. When the switch goes to the right
( ), the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Scheduled Profile This screen shows all the created profile(s).
Blocked Devices The screen shows the profile devices that are not allowed to access the Internet.
Table 26 Parental Control: Add More Profile
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Profile Name Enter a descriptive name for the profile.
Internet Blocking Click this switch to enable or disable Internet access. When the switch goes to the right ,
the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Profile Device List This field shows the devices selected on the right for this profile.
Blocking Schedule This field shows the time during which Internet access is blocked on the profile device(s).
Select a device(s) on your network for this profile.
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Figure 70 Parental Control: Schedule
Each field is described in the following table.
Once a profile is created, it’ll show in the following screen. Click this to Delete or Edit a profile.
Figure 71 Parental Control: Added Profile
Table 27 Parental Control: Schedule
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Profile Name Enter a descriptive name for the profile.
Internet Blocking Click this switch to enable or disable Internet access. When the switch goes to the right ,
the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Profile Device List This field shows the devices selected on the right for this profile.
Blocking Schedule This field shows the time during which Internet access is blocked on the profile device(s).
Schedule
Add New Schedule Click this to add a new block for scheduling.
Start/End blocking Select the time period when Internet access is blocked on the profile device(s).
Select All Day and the scheduler rule will be activated for 24 hours.
Repeat On Select the days when Internet access is blocked on the profile device(s).
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Save Click Save to save your changes.
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CHAPTER 6
Broadband
6.1 Overview
This chapter discusses the Zyxel Device’s Broadband screens. Use these screens to configure your Zyxel
Device for Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It
connects your private networks, such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a
computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 72 LAN and WAN
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the Broadband screen to view, remove or add a WAN interface. You can also configure the WAN
settings on the Zyxel Device for Internet access (Section 6.2 on page 119).
• Use the Cellular Backup screen to configure cellular WAN connection (Section 6.3 on page 128).
• Use the Advanced screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex J, and DSL PhyR
functions (Section 6.4 on page 134).
• Use the Ethernet WAN screen to convert LAN port number four as a WAN port or restore the Ethernet
WAN port to a LAN port (Section 6.5 on page 137).
DSL
Table 28 WAN Setup Overview
LAYER-2 INTERFACE INTERNET CONNECTION
CONNECTION DSL LINK TYPE MODE ENCAPSULATION CONNECTION SETTINGS
ADSL/VDSL over
PTM
N/A Routing PPPoE PPP information, IPv4/IPv6 IP address,
routing feature, DNS server, VLAN,
QoS, and MTU
IPoE IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing feature,
DNS server, VLAN, QoS, and MTU
Bridge N/A VLAN and QoS
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6.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.
WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the Zyxel Device, which makes it accessible from an outside
network. It is used by the Zyxel Device to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be
static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the Zyxel Device tries to access the Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS
server IP address(es).
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a WAN networking technology that provides high-speed data
transfer. ATM uses fixed-size packets of information called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of Service)
can be guaranteed. ATM uses a connection-oriented model and establishes a virtual circuit (VC).
PTM
Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) is packet-oriented and supported by the VDSL2 standard. In PTM, packets
are encapsulated directly in the High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) frames. It is designed to provide a
low-overhead, transparent way of transporting packets over DSL links, as an alternative to ATM.
IPv6 Introduction
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to enhance IP address size and features. The increase in
IPv6 address size to 128 bits (from the 32-bit IPv4 address) allows up to 3.4 x 1038 IP addresses. The Zyxel
Device can use IPv4/IPv6 dual stack to connect to IPv4 and IPv6 networks, and supports IPv6 rapid
deployment (6RD).
ADSL over ATM EoA Routing PPPoE/PPPoA ATM PVC configuration, PPP
information, IPv4/IPv6 IP address,
routing feature, DNS server, VLAN,
QoS, and MTU
IPoE/IPoA ATM PVC configuration, IPv4/IPv6 IP
address, routing feature, DNS server,
VLAN, QoS, and MTU
Bridge N/A ATM PVC configuration, and QoS
Ethernet N/A Routing PPPoE PPP user name and password, WAN
IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing feature,
DNS server, VLAN, QoS, and MTU
IPoE WAN IPv4/IPv6 IP address, NAT, DNS
server and routing feature
Bridge N/A VLAN and QoS
Table 28 WAN Setup Overview
LAYER-2 INTERFACE INTERNET CONNECTION
CONNECTION DSL LINK TYPE MODE ENCAPSULATION CONNECTION SETTINGS
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IPv6 Addressing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This is an
example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So
2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be written as
2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double
colon can only appear once in an IPv6 address. So
2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be written as
2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015,
2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
IPv6 Prefix and Prefix Length
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An IPv6
prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address compose the
network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
IPv6 Subnet Masking
Both an IPv6 address and IPv6 subnet mask compose of 128-bit binary digits, which are divided into
eight 16-bit blocks and written in hexadecimal notation. Hexadecimal uses four bits for each character
(1 ~ 10, A ~ F). Each block’s 16 bits are then represented by four hexadecimal characters. For example,
FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FC00:0000:0000:0000.
IPv6 Rapid Deployment
Use IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6rd) when the local network uses IPv6 and the ISP has an IPv4 network.
When the Zyxel Device has an IPv4 WAN address and you set IPv6/IPv4 Mode to IPv4 Only, you can
enable 6rd to encapsulate IPv6 packets in IPv4 packets to cross the ISP’s IPv4 network.
The Zyxel Device generates a global IPv6 prefix from its IPv4 WAN address and tunnels IPv6 traffic to the
ISP’s Border Relay router (BR in the figure) to connect to the native IPv6 Internet. The local network can
also use IPv4 services. The Zyxel Device uses it’s configured IPv4 WAN IP to route IPv4 traffic to the IPv4
Internet.
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Figure 73 IPv6 Rapid Deployment
Dual Stack Lite
Use Dual Stack Lite when local network computers use IPv4 and the ISP has an IPv6 network. When the
Zyxel Device has an IPv6 WAN address and you set IPv6/IPv4 Mode to IPv6 Only, you can enable Dual
Stack Lite to use IPv4 computers and services.
The Zyxel Device tunnels IPv4 packets inside IPv6 encapsulation packets to the ISP’s Address Family
Transition Router (AFTR in the graphic) to connect to the IPv4 Internet. The local network can also use
IPv6 services. The Zyxel Device uses it’s configured IPv6 WAN IP to route IPv6 traffic to the IPv6 Internet.
Figure 74 Dual Stack Lite
DSL
DSL
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6.1.3 Before You Begin
You need to know your Internet access settings such as encapsulation and WAN IP address. Get this
information from your ISP.
6.2 The Broadband Screen
Use this screen to change your Zyxel Device’s Internet access settings. The summary table shows you the
configured WAN services (connections) on the Zyxel Device. Use information provided by your ISP to
configure WAN settings.
Click Network Setting > Broadband to access this screen.
Figure 75 Network Setting > Broadband
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 29 Network Setting > Broadband
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New WAN
Interface
Click this button to create a new connection.
# This is the index number of the entry.
Name This is the service name of the connection.
Type This shows whether it is an ATM, Ethernet or a PTM connection.
Mode This shows whether the connection is in routing or bridge mode.
Encapsulation This is the method of encapsulation used by this connection.
802.1p This indicates the 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This
displays N/A when there is no priority level assigned.
802.1q This indicates the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This displays
N/A when there is no VLAN ID number assigned.
IGMP Proxy This shows whether the Zyxel Device act as an IGMP proxy on this connection.
NAT This shows whether NAT is activated or not for this connection.
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6.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection
Click Add New WAN Interface in the Broadband screen or the Edit icon next to an existing WAN
interface to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure a WAN connection. The screen
varies depending on the interface type, mode, encapsulation, and IPv6/IPv4 mode you select.
6.2.1.1 Routing Mode
Use Routing mode if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to share an
Internet account.
The following example screen displays when you select the ADSL over ATM connection type, Routing
mode, and PPPoE encapsulation. The screen varies when you select other interface type,
encapsulation, and IPv6/IPv4 mode.
Default
Gateway
This shows whether the Zyxel Device use the WAN interface of this connection as the system
default gateway.
IPv6 This shows whether IPv6 is activated or not for this connection. IPv6 is not available when the
connection uses the bridging service.
MLD Proxy This shows whether Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) is activated or not for this connection. MLD
is not available when the connection uses the bridging service.
Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the WAN connection.
Click the Delete icon to remove the WAN connection.
Table 29 Network Setting > Broadband (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 76 Network Setting > Broadband > Add/Edit New WAN Interface (Routing Mode)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 30 Network Setting > Broadband > Add/Edit New WAN Interface (Routing Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General Click this switch to enable or disable the interface. When the switch goes to the right , the
function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Name Specify a descriptive name for this connection.
Type Select whether it is an ADSL/VDSL over PTM or ADSL over ATM connection.
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Mode Select Routing if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to share
an Internet account.
Encapsulation Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. This option is
available only when you select Routing in the Mode field.
The choices depend on the connection type you selected. If your connection type is ADSL/VDSL
over PTM, the choices are PPPoE and IPoE. If your connection type is ADSL over ATM, the choices
are PPPoE, PPPoA, IPoE and IPoA. If your connection type is Ethernet, the choices are PPPoE and
IPoE.
IPv4/IPv6 Mode Select IPv4 Only if you want the Zyxel Device to run IPv4 only.
Select IPv 4 IPv6 DualStack to allow the Zyxel Device to run IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time.
Select IPv6 Only if you want the Zyxel Device to run IPv6 only.
PPP Information (This is available only when you select PPPoE or PPPoA in the Mode field.)
PPP User Name Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain
where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly as given.
PPP Password Enter the password associated with the user name above. Select password unmask to show your
entered password in plain text.
PPP Connection
Trigger
Select when to have the Zyxel Device establish the PPP connection.
Auto Connect - select this to not let the connection time out.
On Demand - select this to automatically bring up the connection when the Zyxel Device
receives packets destined for the Internet.
Idle Timeout This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the router automatically disconnects
from the PPPoE server.
This field is not available if you select Auto Connect in the PPP Connection Trigger field.
PPPoE
Passthrough
This field is available when you select PPPoE encapsulation.
In addition to the Zyxel Device’s built-in PPPoE client, you can enable PPPoE pass through to
allow up to ten hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to
the ISP via the Zyxel Device. Each host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP
address.
PPPoE pass through is an alternative to NAT for application where NAT is not appropriate.
Disable PPPoE pass through if you do not need to allow hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client
software on their computers to connect to the ISP.
ATM PVC Configuration (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL over ATM.)
VPI [0-255] The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
VCI [32-65535] The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM
traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
Encapsulation Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices are:
•LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying
the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when you select IPoE
or PPPoE in the Select DSL Link Type field.
•VC/MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit (VC). To
transport multiple protocols, the Zyxel Device needs separate VCs. There is a binding
between a VC and the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces
payload overhead since there is no need to carry protocol information in each Protocol
Data Unit (PDU) payload.
Table 30 Network Setting > Broadband > Add/Edit New WAN Interface (Routing Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Service
Category
Select UBR Without PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as email.
Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data traffic.
Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not require
closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connections that
require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Peak Cell
Rate [cells/s] Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This
is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.
Sustainable
Cell Rate The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted. Type
the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec.
Maximum
Burst Size
[cells]
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the peak
rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535.
VLAN (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL/VDSL over PTM or ADSL over ATM.)
Click this switch to enable or disable VLAN on this WAN interface. When the switch goes to the
right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
802.1p IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The
greater the number, the higher the priority level.
802.1q Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
MTU
MTU Enter the MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) size for this traffic.
IP Address (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv4 IPv6 DualStack in the IPv4/IPv6 Mode field.)
Obtain an IP
Address
Automatically
A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP
assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select this if you have a
dynamic IP address.
Static IP Address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
IP Address Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP.
Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask provided by your ISP.
Gateway IP
Address
Enter the gateway IP address provided by your ISP.
DNS Server (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv4 IPv6 DualStack in the IPv4/IPv6 Mode field.)
Select Obtain DNS Info Automically if you want the Zyxel Device to use the DNS server addresses
assigned by your ISP.
Select Use Following Static DNS Address if you want the Zyxel Device to use the DNS server
addresses you configure manually.
Primary DNS
Server
Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary DNS
Server
Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Routing Feature (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv4 IPv6 DualStack in the IPv4/IPv6 Mode field.)
NAT Click this switch to activate or deactivate NAT on this connection. When the switch goes to the
right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Table 30 Network Setting > Broadband > Add/Edit New WAN Interface (Routing Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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IGMP Proxy Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish
membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.
Click this switch to have the Zyxel Device act as an IGMP proxy on this connection. When the
switch goes to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
This allows the Zyxel Device to get subscribing information and maintain a joined member list for
each multicast group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.
Apply as Default
Gateway
Click this switch to have the Zyxel Device use the WAN interface of this connection as the system
default gateway. When the switch goes to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s
not.
Fullcone NAT
Enable
Click this switch to enable or disable full cone NAT on this connection. When the switch goes to
the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
This field is available only when you activate NAT.
In full cone NAT, the Zyxel Device maps all outgoing packets from an internal IP address and port
to a single IP address and port on the external network. The Zyxel Device also maps packets
coming to that external IP address and port to the internal IP address and port.
DHCPC Options (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv4 IPv6 DualStack in the IPv4/IPv6 Mode field.)
Request Options Select Option 43 to have the Zyxel Device automatically add vendor specific information in the
DHCP packets to request the vendor specific options from the DHCP server.
Select Option 120 to have the Zyxel Device get the IP address or a fully-qualified domain name
of SIP server from DHCP.
Select Option 121 to have the Zyxel Device push static routes to clients.
Sent Options
option 60 Select this and enter the device identity you want the Zyxel Device to add in the DHCP discovery
packets that go to the DHCP server.
Vendor ID Enter the Vendor Class Identifier, such as the type of the hardware or firmware.
option 61 Select this and enter any string that identifies the device.
IAID Enter the Identity Association Identifier (IAID) of the device, for example, the WAN connection
index number.
DUID Enter the hardware type, a time value and the MAC address of the device.
option 125 Select this to have the Zyxel Device automatically generate and add vendor specific
parameters in the DHCP discovery packets that go to the DHCP server.
IPv6 Address (This is available only when you select IPv4 IPv6 DualStack or IPv6 Only in the IPv4/IPv6 Mode field.)
Obtain an IPv6
Address
Automatically
Select Obtain an IPv6 Address Automatically if you want to have the Zyxel Device use the IPv6
prefix from the connected router’s Router Advertisement (RA) to generate an IPv6 address.
Static IPv6
Address
Select Static IPv6 Address if you have a fixed IPv6 address assigned by your ISP. When you select
this, the following fields appear.
IPv6 Address Enter an IPv6 IP address that your ISP gave to you for this WAN interface.
Prefix Length Enter the address prefix length to specify how many most significant bits in an IPv6 address
compose the network address.
IPv6 Default
Gateway Enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same
segment as your Zyxel Device's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to their
destinations.
IPv6 DNS Server (This is available only when you select IPv4 IPv6 DualStack or IPv6 Only in the IPv4/IPv6 Mode field.
Configure the IPv6 DNS server in the following section.
Table 30 Network Setting > Broadband > Add/Edit New WAN Interface (Routing Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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6.2.1.2 Bridge Mode
Click the Add new WAN Interface in the Network Setting > Broadband screen or the Edit icon next to the
connection you want to configure. Select Bridge as the encapsulation mode. The screen varies
depending on the interface type you select.
If you select ADSL/VDSL over PTM or Ethernet as the interface type, the following screen appears.
Obtain IPv6 DNS
Info
Automatically
Select Obtain IPv6 DNS Info Automatically to have the Zyxel Device get the IPv6 DNS server
addresses from the ISP automatically.
Use Following
Static IPv6 DNS
Address
Select Use Following Static IPv6 DNS Address to have the Zyxel Device use the IPv6 DNS server
addresses you configure manually.
Primary DNS
Server
Enter the first IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary DNS
Server
Enter the second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
IPv6 Routing Feature (This is available only when you select IPv4 IPv6 DualStack or IPv6 Only in the IPv4/IPv6 Mode
field. You can enable IPv6 routing features in the following section.)
MLD Proxy
Enable
Select this check box to have the Zyxel Device act as an MLD proxy on this connection. This
allows the Zyxel Device to get subscription information and maintain a joined member list for
each multicast group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.
Apply as Default
Gateway
Select this option to have the Zyxel Device use the WAN interface of this connection as the
system default gateway.
DS-Lite This is available only when you select IPv6 Only in the IPv4/IPv6 Mod e field. Enable Dual Stack
Lite to let local computers use IPv4 through an ISP’s IPv6 network. See Dual Stack Lite on page
118 for more information.
Click this switch to let local computers use IPv4 through an ISP’s IPv6 network. When the switch
goes to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
DS-Lite Relay
Server IP
Specify the transition router’s IPv6 address.
6RD The 6RD (IPv6 rapid deployment) fields display when you set the IPv6/IPv4 M od e field to IPv4
Only. See IPv6 Rapid Deployment on page 117 for more information.
Click this switch to tunnel IPv6 traffic from the local network through the ISP’s IPv4 network. When
the switch goes to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Select Manually Configur ed if you have the IPv4 address of the relay server. Otherwise, select
Automatically configured by DHCPC to have the Zyxel Device detect it automatically through
DHCP.
The Automatically configured by DHCPC option is configurable only when you set the method of
encapsulation to IPoE.
Service Provider
IPv6 Prefix
Enter an IPv6 prefix for tunneling IPv6 traffic to the ISP’s border relay router and connecting to the
native IPv6 Internet.
IPv4 Mask
Length
Enter the subnet mask number (1~32) for the IPv4 network.
Border Relay
IPv4 Address
When you select Manually Configured, specify the relay server’s IPv4 address in this field.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Table 30 Network Setting > Broadband > Add/Edit New WAN Interface (Routing Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 77 Network Setting > Broadband > Add/Edit New WAN Interface (ADSL/VDSL over PTM or
Ethernet-Bridge Mode)
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
If you select ADSL over ATM as the interface type, the following screen appears.
Table 31 Network Setting > Broadband > Add/Edit New WAN Interface (ADSL/VDSL over PTM or
Ethernet-Bridge Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General Click this switch to enable or disable the interface. When the switch goes to the right , the
function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Name Enter a service name of the connection.
Type Select ADSL/VDSL over PTM as the interface that you want to configure. The Zyxel Device uses the
VDSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port.
Mode Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the connected
computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select Bridge, you
cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on traffic from the
selected LAN port(s).
VLAN This section is available when you select ADSL/VDSL over PTM in the Type field.
Click this switch to enable or disable VLAN on this WAN interface. When the switch goes to the right
, the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
802.1p IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The greater
the number, the higher the priority level.
802.1q Type the VLAN ID number (from 0 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
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Figure 78 Network Setting > Broadband > Add/Edit New WAN Interface (ADSL over ATM-Bridge Mode)
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 32 Network Setting > Broadband > Add/Edit New WAN Interface (ADSL over ATM-Bridge Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General Click this switch to enable or disable the interface. When the switch goes to the right , the
function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Name Enter a service name of the connection.
Type Select ADSL over ATM as the interface that you want to configure. The Zyxel Device uses the
ADSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port.
Mode Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the
connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select
Bridge, you cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on traffic
from the selected LAN port(s).
ATM PVC Configuration (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL over ATM.)
VPI [0-255] The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
VCI [32-65535] The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM
traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
Encapsulation Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices are:
• LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying the
type of the bridged media in the SNAP header.
• VC/MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit (VC). To
transport multiple protocols, the Zyxel Device needs separate VCs. There is a binding between a
VC and the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces payload overhead
since there is no need to carry protocol information in each Protocol Data Unit (PDU) payload.
Service
Category
Select UBR Without PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as email.
Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data traffic.
Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not require
closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connections that
require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
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6.3 The Cellular Backup Screen
The USB port of the Zyxel Device allows you to attach a cellular dongle to wirelessly connect to a cellular
network for Internet access. You can have the Zyxel Device use the cellular WAN connection as a
backup to keep you online if the primary WAN connection fails for Consecutive Fail times. Consult your
cellular service provider to configure the settings in this screen. Disconnect the DSL and Ethernet WAN
ports to use the cellular dongle as your primary WAN connection, as the Zyxel Device automatically uses
a wired WAN connection when available.
Figure 79 Internet Access Application: Cellular WAN
Use this screen to configure your cellular settings. Click Network Setting > Broadband > Cellular Backup.
The actual data rate you obtain varies depending on the cellular card you use, the signal strength to
the service provider’s base station, and so on.
Peak Cell
Rate [cells/s] Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This
is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.
Sustainable
Cell Rate The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted. Type
the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec.
Maximum
Burst Size
[cells]
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the peak
rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535.
VLAN This section is available only when you select ADSL over ATM in the Type field.
Click this switch to enable or disable VLAN on this WAN interface. When the switch goes to the
right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
802.1p IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection. The
greater the number, the higher the priority level.
802.1q Type the VLAN ID number (from 0 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Table 32 Network Setting > Broadband > Add/Edit New WAN Interface (ADSL over ATM-Bridge Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Note: Entering a wrong PIN code three times will lock the SIM card in your cellular dongle.
Note: If you select Drop in the Current Cellular Connection field, the Zyxel Device will drop the
cellular WAN connection when the Time Budget or Data Budget is reached. It may take
some time for the cellular WAN connection to be disconnected when the Time Budget
or Data Budget is reached.
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Figure 80 Network Setting > Broadband > Cellular Backup (General & Cellular Connection Setting)
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Figure 81 Network > Broadband > Cellular Backup (Budget Setup)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 33 Network Setting > Broadband > Cellular Backup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General
Cellular Backup Click this switch to have the Zyxel Device use the cellular connection as your WAN or a backup
when the wired WAN connection fails. When the switch goes to the right , the function is
enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Ping Check Click this switch to ping check the connection status of your WAN. When the switch goes to the
right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
You can configure the frequency of the ping check and number of consecutive failures before
triggering cellular backup.
Check Cycle Enter the frequency of the ping check in this field.
Consecutive Fail Enter how many consecutive failures are required before cellular backup is triggered.
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Ping Default
Gateway
Select this to have the Zyxel Device ping the WAN interface’s default gateway IP address.
Ping the Host Select this to have the Zyxel Device ping the particular host name or IP address you typed in this
field.
Cellular Connection Settings
Card
description
This field displays the manufacturer and model name of your cellular card if you inserted one in
the Zyxel Device. Otherwise, it displays N/A.
Username Type the user name (of up to 64 ASCII printable characters) given to you by your service
provider.
Password Type the password (of up to 64 ASCII printable characters) associated with the user name
above.
PIN A PIN (Personal Identification Number) code is a key to a cellular card. Without the PIN code,
you cannot use the cellular card.
If your ISP enabled PIN code authentication, enter the 4-digit PIN code (0000 for example)
provided by your ISP. If you enter the PIN code incorrectly, the cellular card may be blocked by
your ISP and you cannot use the account to access the Internet.
If your ISP disabled PIN code authentication, leave this field blank.
Dial string Enter the phone number (dial string) used to dial up a connection to your service provider’s base
station. Your ISP should provide the phone number.
For example, *99# is the dial string to establish a GPRS or cellular connection in Taiwan.
APN Enter the APN (Access Point Name) provided by your service provider. Connections with
different APNs may provide different services (such as Internet access or MMS (Multi-Media
Messaging Service)) and charge method.
You can enter up to 32 ASCII printable characters. Spaces are allowed.
Connection Select Nailed UP if you do not want the connection to time out.
Select on Demand if you do not want the connection up all the time and specify an idle time-
out in the Max Idle Timeout field.
Max Idle
Timeout This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the Zyxel Device automatically
disconnects from the ISP.
Obtain an IP
Address
Automatically
Select this option if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address.
Use the
following static
IP address
Select this option if the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use the following static IP address.
Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask of the IP address.
Obtain DNS info
dynamically
Select this to have the Zyxel Device get the DNS server addresses from the ISP automatically.
Use the
following static
DNS IP address
Select this to have the Zyxel Device use the DNS server addresses you configure manually.
Primary DNS
server Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary
DNS server Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Enable Email
Notification
Select this to enable the email notification function. The Zyxel Device will email you a notification
when the cellular connection is up.
Table 33 Network Setting > Broadband > Cellular Backup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Mail Account Select an email address you have configured in Maintenance > Email Notification. The Zyxel
Device uses the corresponding mail server to send notifications.
You must have configured a mail server already in the Maintenance > Email Notification screen.
Cellular backup
Email Title
Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the email notifications that the Zyxel Device
sends.
Send
Notification to
Email
Notifications are sent to the email address specified in this field. If this field is left blank,
notifications cannot be sent via email.
Click this to show the advanced cellular backup settings.
Budget Setup
Enable Budget
Control
Click this switch to set a monthly limit for the user account of the installed cellular card. When the
switch goes to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
You can set a limit on the total traffic and/or call time. The Zyxel Device takes the actions you
specified when a limit is exceeded during the month.
Time Budget Select this and specify the amount of time (in hours) that the cellular connection can be used
within one month. If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the
Zyxel Device resets the statistics.
Data Budget
(Mbytes)
Select this and specify how much downstream and/or upstream data (in Mega bytes) can be
transmitted via the cellular connection within one month.
Select Download/Upload to set a limit on the total traffic in both directions.
Select Download to set a limit on the downstream traffic (from the ISP to the Zyxel Device).
Select Upload to set a limit on the upstream traffic (from the Zyxel Device to the ISP).
If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the Zyxel Device resets
the statistics.
Data Budget
(kPackets)
Select this and specify how much downstream and/or upstream data (in k Packets) can be
transmitted via the cellular connection within one month.
Select Download/Upload to set a limit on the total traffic in both directions.
Select Download to set a limit on the downstream traffic (from the ISP to the Zyxel Device).
Select Upload to set a limit on the upstream traffic (from the Zyxel Device to the ISP).
If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the Zyxel Device resets
the statistics.
Reset all budget
counters on
Select the date on which the Zyxel Device resets the budget every month. Select last if you want
the Zyxel Device to reset the budget on the last day of the month. Select specific and enter the
number of the date you want the Zyxel Device to reset the budget.
Reset time and
data budget
counters
Click this button to reset the time and data budgets immediately. The count starts over with the
cellular connection’s full configured monthly time and data budgets. This does not affect the
normal monthly budget restart; so if you configured the time and data budget counters to reset
on the second day of the month and you use this button on the first, the time and data budget
counters will still reset on the second.
Actions before
over budget
Specify the actions the Zyxel Device takes before the time or data limit exceeds.
Table 33 Network Setting > Broadband > Cellular Backup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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6.4 The Broadband Advanced Screen
Use the Advanced screen to enable or disable ADSL over PTM, Annex M, DSL PhyR, and SRA (Seamless
Rate Adaptation) functions. The Zyxel Device supports the PhyR retransmission scheme. PhyR is a
retransmission scheme designed to provide protection against noise on the DSL line. It improves voice,
video and data transmission resilience by utilizing a retransmission buffer. It also lists ITU-T G.993.2
standard VDSL profiles you can comply with.
ITU-T G.993.2 standard defines a wide range of settings for various parameters, some of which are
encompassed in profiles as shown in the next table.
Data Budget
% of time
budget/data
budget
(Mbytes)/data
budget
(kPackets)
Select the check boxes and enter a number from 1 to 99 in the percentage fields. If you change
the value after you configure and enable budget control, the Zyxel Device resets the statistics.
Actions when
over budget
Specify the actions the Zyxel Device takes when the time or data limit is exceeded.
Current Cellular
connection
Select Keep to maintain an existing cellular connection or Drop to disconnect it.
Actions
Enable Email
Notification
Click this switch to enable or disable the email notification function. When the switch goes to the
right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
The Zyxel Device will email you a notification whenever over budget occurs.
Mail
Account Select an email address you have configured in Maintenance > Email Notification. The Zyxel
Device uses the corresponding mail server to send notifications.
You must have configured a mail server already in the Maintenance > Email Notification screen.
Cellular
Backup
Email Title
Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the email notifications that the Zyxel Device
sends.
Send
Notification
to Email
Notifications are sent to the email address specified in this field. If this field is left blank,
notifications cannot be sent via email.
Interval Enter the interval of how many minutes you want the Zyxel Device to email you.
Enable Log Select this to activate the logging function at the interval you set in this field.
Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Zyxel Device.
Table 33 Network Setting > Broadband > Cellular Backup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Note: If the settings in the screen are changed, the Zyxel Device will re-establish the DSL
connection(s).
Click Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced to display the following screen.
Table 34 VDSL Profiles
PROFILE BANDWIDTH
(MHZ)
NUMBER OF
DOWNSTREAM
CARRIERS
CARRIER
BANDWIDTH
(KHZ) POWER (DBM)
MAX.
DOWNSTREAM
THROUGHPUT
(MBIT/S)
8a 8.832 2048 4.3125 17.5 50
8b 8.832 2048 4.3125 20.5 50
8c 8.5 1972 4.3125 11.5 50
8d 8.832 2048 4.3125 14.5 50
12a 12 2783 4.3125 14.5 68
12b 12 2783 4.3125 14.5 68
17a 17.664 4096 4.3125 14.5 100
35b 35.328 8192 4.3125 17.0 300
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Figure 82 Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 35 Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced
LABEL DESCRIPTION
DSL Capabilities
PhyR US Enable or disable PhyR US (upstream) for upstream transmission to the WAN. PhyR US should be
enabled if data being transmitted upstream is sensitive to noise. However, enabling PhyR US can
decrease the US line rate. Enabling or disabling PhyR will require the CPE to retrain. For PhyR to
function, the DSLAM must also support PhyR and have it enabled.
PhyR DS Enable or disable PhyR DS (downstream) for downstream transmission from the WAN. PhyR DS
should be enabled if data being transmitted downstream is sensitive to noise. However,
enabling PhyR DS can decrease the DS line rate. Enabling or disabling PhyR will require the CPE
to retrain. For PhyR to function, the DSLAM must also support PhyR and have it enabled.
Bitswap Select Enable to allow the Zyxel Device to adapt to line changes when you are using G.dmt.
Bit-swapping is a way of keeping the line more stable by constantly monitoring and redistributing
bits between channels.
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6.5 Ethernet WAN
Use this screen to have the forth LAN port act as an Ethernet WAN port. You can restore it back from a
WAN port to a LAN port. Click the switch to set up the configuration. When the switch goes to the right,
SRA Enable or disable Seamless Rate Adaption (SRA). Select Enable to have the Zyxel Device
automatically adjust the connection’s data rate according to line conditions without
interrupting service.
DSL Modulation
PTM over ADSL : Select Enable to use PTM over ADSL. Since PTM has less overhead than ATM, some ISPs use this for
better performance.
G.Dmt : ITU G.992.1 (better known as G.dmt) is an ITU standard for ADSL using discrete multitone
modulation. G.dmt full-rate ADSL expands the usable bandwidth of existing copper telephone
lines, delivering high-speed data communications at rates up to 8 Mbit/s downstream and 1.3
Mbit/s upstream.
G.lite : ITU G.992.2 (better known as G.lite) is an ITU standard for ADSL using discrete multitone
modulation. G.lite does not strictly require the use of DSL filters, but like all variants of ADSL
generally functions better with splitters.
T1.413 : ANSI T1.413 is a technical standard that defines the requirements for the single asymmetric
digital subscriber line (ADSL) for the interface between the telecommunications network and
the customer installation in terms of their interaction and electrical characteristics.
ADSL2 : It optionally extends the capability of basic ADSL in data rates to 12 Mbit/s downstream and,
depending on Annex version, up to 3.5 Mbit/s upstream (with a mandatory capability of ADSL2
transceivers of 8 Mbit/s downstream and 800 kbit/s upstream).
Annex L : Annex L is an optional specification in the ITU-T ADSL2 recommendation G.992.3 titled Specific
requirements for a Reach Extended ADSL2 (READSL2) system operating in the frequency band
above POTS, therefore it is often referred to as Reach Extended ADSL2 or READSL2.The main
difference between this specification and commonly deployed Annex A is the maximum
distance that can be used. The power of the lower frequencies used for transmitting data is
boosted up to increase the reach of this signal up to 7 kilometers (23,000 ft).
ADSL2+ : ADSL2+ extends the capability of basic ADSL by doubling the number of downstream channels.
The data rates can be as high as 24 Mbit/s downstream and up to 1.4 Mbit/s upstream
depending on the distance from the DSLAM to the customer's premises.
Annex M : Annex M is an optional specification in ITU-T recommendations G.992.3 (ADSL2) and G.992.5
(ADSL2+), also referred to as ADSL2 M and ADSL2+ M. This specification extends the capability of
commonly deployed Annex A by more than doubling the number of upstream bits. The data
rates can be as high as 12 or 24 Mbit/s downstream and 3 Mbit/s upstream depending on the
distance from the DSLAM to the customer's premises.
VDSL2 VDSL2 (Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line 2) is the second generation of the VDSL standard
(which is currently denoted VDSL1). VDSL2 allows a frequency band of up to 30MHz and
transmission rates of up to 100 Mbps in each direction. VDSL2 is defined in G.993.2.
VDSL Profile VDSL2 profiles differ in the width of the frequency band used to transmit the broadband signal.
Profiles that use a wider frequency band can deliver higher maximum speeds.
8a, 8b, 8c, 8d,
12a, 12b, 17a,
35b US0
The G.993.2 VDSL standard defines a wide range of profiles that can be used in different VDSL
deployment settings, such as in a central office, a street cabinet or a building.
The Zyxel Device must comply with at least one profile specified in G.993.2. but compliance with
more than one profile is allowed.
Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Zyxel Device.
Table 35 Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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the forth LAN port act as an Ethernet WAN port. Otherwise, the forth LAN port remains as a LAN port.
Click Apply to save your changes back to the Zyxel Device.
It’s not enough to just enable the forth LAN port as a WAN port here. You must also go to Network Setting
> Broadband screen and create a new interface for it with the Type as Ethernet and Encapsulation as
IPoE, and it’s advisable to enable NAT.
Note: The Ethernet WAN connection has priority over the DSL connection.
Click Network Setting > Broadband > Ethernet WAN to display the following screen.
Figure 83 Network Setting > Broadband > Ethernet WAN
6.6 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the Zyxel Device features
described in this chapter.
Encapsulation
Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The Zyxel Device can work in bridge
mode or routing mode. When the Zyxel Device is in routing mode, it supports the following methods.
IP over Ethernet
IP over Ethernet (IPoE) is an alternative to PPPoE. IP packets are being delivered across an Ethernet
network, without using PPP encapsulation. They are routed between the Ethernet interface and the
WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. For
instance, it encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged Ethernet cells.
PPP over ATM (PPPoA)
PPPoA stands for Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). A PPPoA connection
functions like a dial-up Internet connection. The Zyxel Device encapsulates the PPP session based on
RFC1483 and sends it through an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) to the Internet Service Provider’s
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(ISP) DSLAM (digital access multiplexer). Please refer to RFC 2364 for more information on PPPoA. Refer
to RFC 1661 for more information on PPP.
PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) provides access control and billing functionality in a
manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a
personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing
access control systems (for example RADIUS).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function
known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP
services for individuals.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific
configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the Zyxel Device (rather than individual computers), the computers
on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the Zyxel Device does that part of the task.
Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.
RFC 1483
RFC 1483 describes two methods for Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5).
The first method allows multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single ATM virtual circuit (LLC-based
multiplexing) and the second method assumes that each protocol is carried over a separate ATM virtual
circuit (VC-based multiplexing). Please refer to RFC 1483 for more detailed information.
Multiplexing
There are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is carrying. Be sure to use the
multiplexing method required by your ISP.
VC-based Multiplexing
In this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific virtual circuit; for
example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be dominant in environments where dynamic
creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is fast and economical.
LLC-based Multiplexing
In this case one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information being contained in
each packet header. Despite the extra bandwidth and processing overhead, this method may be
advantageous if it is not practical to have a separate VC for each carried protocol, for example, if
charging heavily depends on the number of simultaneous VCs.
Traffic Shaping
Traffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average rate
and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This agreement helps eliminate congestion,
which is important for transmission of real time data such as audio and video connections.
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Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This parameter may be
lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM cell is 53 bytes (424 bits), so a maximum
speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not guaranteed because it is
dependent on the line speed.
Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It specifies the maximum
average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual connection. SCR may not be greater than the
PCR.
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the PCR. After MBS is
reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages to the SCR again. At this time, more cells (up to
the MBS) can be sent at the PCR again.
If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a maximum value that correlates
to your upstream line rate.
The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS.
Figure 84 Example of Traffic Shaping
ATM Traffic Classes
These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic Management 4.0 Specification.
Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is being sent.
CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for connections that
continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds this rate,
cells may be dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR would be high-resolution video and
voice.
Variable Bit Rate (VBR)
The Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections. Connections that use the
Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into real time (VBR-RT) or non-real time (VBR-nRT)
connections.
The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that require closely
controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed amount of bandwidth (a PCR is specified)
but is only available when data is being sent. An example of an VBR-RT connection would be video
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conferencing. Video conferencing requires real-time data transfers and the bandwidth requirement
varies in proportion to the video image's changing dynamics.
The VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that do not require
closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is commonly used for "bursty" traffic typical on LANs. PCR
and MBS define the burst levels, SCR defines the minimum level. An example of an VBR-nRT connection
would be non-time sensitive data file transfers.
Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers. However, UBR doesn't
guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the network has spare bandwidth. An example
application is background file transfer.
IP Address Assignment
A static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one
each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you have either a dynamic or
static IP. However, the encapsulation method assigned influences your choices for IP address and
default gateway.
Introduction to VLANs
A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical
networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than one
group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same
group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security among the
subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from accessing the network
resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of another user
in the same building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more manageable
logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast packets go to each and
every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast domain.
Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a
frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were created. The VLANs can
be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a
specific VLAN and provides the information that switches need to process the frame across the network.
A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag
Protocol Identifier), residing within the type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag
Control Information), starts after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet switches. If a
frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not be forwarded as it is to
an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum number of
4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID
(VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and
the default VID of the ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is
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used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
Multicast
IP packets are transmitted in either one of two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1
sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network -
not everybody and not just 1.
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a
Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over
version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed
information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of
RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to
239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast
computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of
all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP.
The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group.
At start up, the Zyxel Device queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After
that, the Zyxel Device periodically updates this information.
DNS Server Address Assignment
Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa,
for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important
because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it.
The Zyxel Device can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
1The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up.
If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields.
2If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the Zyxel Device’s WAN IP
address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP.
IPv6 Addressing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This is an
example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be
written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 Bits
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• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can
only appear once in an IPv6 address. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be
written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015,
2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
IPv6 Prefix and Prefix Length
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An IPv6
prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address compose the
network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
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CHAPTER 7
Wireless
7.1 Wireless Overview
This chapter describes the Zyxel Device’s Network Setting > Wireless screens. Use these screens to set up
your Zyxel Device’s wireless LAN connection and security settings.
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
This section describes the Zyxel Device’s Wireless screens. Use these screens to set up your Zyxel Device’s
wireless connection.
• Use the General screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security
mode (Section 7.2 on page 145).
• Use the Guest/More AP screen to set up multiple wireless networks on your Zyxel Device (Section 7.3
on page 149).
• Use the MAC Authentication screen to allow or deny wireless clients based on their MAC addresses
from connecting to the Zyxel Device (Section 7.4 on page 153).
• Use the WPS screen to enable or disable WPS, view or generate a security PIN (Personal Identification
Number) (Section 7.5 on page 155).
• Use the WMM screen to enable WiFi MultiMedia (WMM) to ensure quality of service in wireless
networks for multimedia applications (Section 7.6 on page 156).
• Use the Others screen to configure wireless advanced features, such as the RTS/CTS Threshold
(Section 7.7 on page 157).
• Use the Channel Status screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results (Section 7.8 on
page 160).
• Use the MESH screen to enable or disable Zyxel Mesh (Multy Pro) (Section 7.9 on page 160).
• Use the WLAN Scheduler screen to create rules to schedule the times to permit Internet traffic from
each wireless network interfaces (Section 7.10 on page 162).
7.1.2 What You Need to Know
Wireless Basics
“Wireless” is essentially radio communication. In the same way that walkie-talkie radios send and
receive information over the airwaves, wireless networking devices exchange information with one
another. A wireless networking device is just like a radio that lets your computer exchange information
with radios attached to other computers. Like walkie-talkies, most wireless networking devices operate
at radio frequency bands that are open to the public and do not require a license to use. However,
wireless networking is different from that of most traditional radio communications in that there are a
number of wireless networking standards available with different methods of data encryption.
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Finding Out More
See Section 7.11 on page 165 for advanced technical information on wireless networks.
7.2 The Wireless General Settings Screen
Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode. These
are basic elements for starting a wireless service. It’s recommended that you select More Secure to
enable WPA2-PSK data encryption.
Note: If you are configuring the Zyxel Device from a computer connected to the wireless LAN
and you change the Zyxel Device’s SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your
wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the
wireless settings of your computer to match the Zyxel Device’s new settings.
Note: If upstream/downstream bandwidth is empty, the Zyxel Device sets the value
automatically.
Note: Setting a maximum upstream/downstream bandwidth will significantly decrease
wireless performance.
Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen.
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Figure 85 Network Setting > Wireless > General
The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
Table 36 Network Setting > Wireless > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless
Wireless Select Keep 2.4G and 5G wireless network name the same and the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz wireless
networks will use the same SSID.
Wireless Network Setup
Band This shows the wireless band which this radio profile is using. 2.4GHz is the frequency used by IEEE
802.11b/g/n wireless clients while 5GHz is used by IEEE 802.11a/ac wireless clients.
Wireless Click this switch to enable or disable the wireless LAN in this field. When the switch turns blue
, the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Channel Use Auto to have the Zyxel Device automatically determine a channel to use.
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7.2.1 No Security
Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data
encryption or authentication.
Bandwidth Select whether the Zyxel Device uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz, 40MHz or 80MHz.
A standard 20 MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150 Mbps whereas a 40 MHz channel
uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300 Mbps.
40 MHz (channel bonding or dual channel) bonds two adjacent radio channels to increase
throughput. The wireless clients must also support 40 MHz. It is often better to use the 20 MHz
setting in a location where the environment hinders the wireless signal.
An 80 MHz channel groups adjacent 40 MHz channels into pairs to increase bandwidth even
higher.
Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your
neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support channel bonding.
Control
Sideband
This is available for some regions when you select a specific channel and set the Bandwidth field
to 40MHz. Set whether the control channel (set in the Channel field) should be in the Lower or
Upper range of channel bands.
Wireless Network Settings
Wireless
Network Name
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is associated.
Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
Max Clients Specify the maximum number of clients that can connect to this network at the same time.
Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain
the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
This check box is grayed out if the WPS function is enabled in the Network > Wireless > WPS
screen.
Multicast
Forwarding
Select this check box to allow the Zyxel Device to convert wireless multicast traffic into wireless
unicast traffic.
Max. Upstream
Bandwidth
Max. Upstream Bandwidth allows you to specify the maximum rate for upstream wireless traffic
to the WAN from this WLAN in kilobits per second (Kbps).
Max.
Downstream
Bandwidth
Max. Upstream Bandwidth allows you to specify the maximum rate for downstream wireless
traffic to this WLAN from the WAN in kilobits per second (Kbps).
BSSID This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the Zyxel Device when wireless LAN is
enabled.
Security Level
Security Mode Select More Secure (WPA(2) - PSK) to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients
which want to associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as the Zyxel
Device. When you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen.
Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any data
encryption or authentication.
See the following sections for more details about this field.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Table 36 Network Setting > Wireless > General (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your Zyxel Device, your network is
accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.
Figure 86 Wireless > General: No Security
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.2.2 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK)
The WPA-PSK security mode provides both improved data encryption and user authentication over
WEP. Using a Pre-Shared Key (PSK), both the Zyxel Device and the connecting client share a common
password in order to validate the connection. This type of encryption, while robust, is not as strong as
WPA, WPA2 or even WPA2-PSK. The WPA2-PSK security mode is a newer, more robust version of the WPA
encryption standard. It offers slightly better security, although the use of PSK makes it less robust than it
could be.
Click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the security level.
Then select WPA/WPA2-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list.
Figure 87 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK
Table 37 Wireless > General: No Security
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Level Choose No Security to allow all wireless connections without data encryption or authentication.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.3 The Guest/More AP Screen
This screen allows you to configure a guest wireless network that allows access to the Internet only
through the Zyxel Device. You can also configure additional wireless networks, each with different
security settings, in this screen.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP. The following screen displays.
The following table introduces the supported wireless networks.
Figure 88 Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP
Table 38 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Level Select More Secure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption.
Security Mode Select WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box.
Generate
password
automatically
Select this option to have the Zyxel Device automatically generate a password. The password
field will not be configurable when you select this option.
Password Select Generate password automatically or enter a Password.
The password has two uses.
1. Manual. Manually enter the same password on the Zyxel Device and the client. Enter 8-63
ASCII characters or exactly 64 hexadecimal (‘0-9’, ‘a-f’) characters.
2. WPS. When using WPS, the Zyxel Device sends this password to the client.
Click the Eye icon to show or hide the password of your wireless network. When the Eye icon is
slashed , you’ll see the password in plain text. Otherwise, it’s hidden.
Click this to show more fields in this section. Click again to hide them.
Encryption Select the encryption type (AES or TKIP+AES) for data encryption.
Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES.
Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES.
Timer The Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new group key out to all clients.
Table 39 Supported Wireless Networks
WIRELESS NETWORKS WHERE TO CONFIGURE
Main/1 Network Setting > Wireless > General screen
Guest/3 Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP screen
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.3.1 The Edit Guest/More AP Screen
Use this screen to create Guest and additional wireless networks with different security settings.
Note: If upstream/downstream bandwidth is empty, the Zyxel Device sets the value
automatically. Setting a maximum upstream/downstream bandwidth will significantly
decrease wireless performance.
Click the Edit icon next to an SSID in the Guest/More AP screen. The following screen displays.
Table 40 Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the index number of the entry.
Status This field indicates whether this SSID is active. A yellow bulb signifies that this SSID is active, while a
gray bulb signifies that this SSID is not active.
SSID An SSID profile is the set of parameters relating to one of the Zyxel Device’s BSSs. The SSID (Service
Set IDentifier) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless device is associated.
This field displays the name of the wireless profile on the network. When a wireless client scans for
an AP to associate with, this is the name that is broadcast and seen in the wireless client utility.
Security This field indicates the security mode of the SSID profile.
Guest WLAN This displays if the guest WLAN function has been enabled for this WLAN.
If Home Guest displays, clients can connect to each other directly.
If External Guest displays, clients are blocked from connecting to each other directly.
N/A displays if guest WLAN is disabled.
Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the SSID profile.
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Figure 89 Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP > Edit
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 41 Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP > Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Network Setup
Wireless Click this switch to enable or disable the wireless LAN in this field. When the switch turns blue
, the function is enabled; otherwise, it’s not.
Security Level
Wireless
Network Name
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is associated.
Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain
the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Guest WLAN Select this to create Guest WLANs for home and external clients. Select the WLAN type in the
Access Scenario field.
Access Scenario If you select Home Guest, clients can connect to each other directly.
If you select External Guest, clients are blocked from connecting to each other directly.
Max. Upstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for upstream wireless traffic to the WAN from this WLAN in kilobits per
second (Kbps).
Max.
Downstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for downstream wireless traffic to this WLAN from the WAN in kilobits
per second (Kbps).
BSSID This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the Zyxel Device when wireless LAN is
enabled.
SSID Subnet Click on this switch to Enable this function if you want the wireless network interface to assign
DHCP IP addresses to the associated wireless clients.
This option cannot be used if the WPS function is enabled in the Network > Wireless > WPS screen
or if the Keep 2.4G and 5G wireless network name the same check box is selected in Network >
Wireless > General.
DHCP Start
Address Specify the first of the contiguous addresses in the DHCP IP address pool.
The Zyxel Device assigns IP addresses from this DHCP pool to wireless clients connecting to the
SSID.
DHCP End
Address Specify the last of the contiguous addresses in the DHCP IP address pool.
SSID Subnet
Mask Specify the subnet mask of the Zyxel Device for the SSID subnet.
LAN IP
Address Specify the IP address of the Zyxel Device for the SSID subnet.
Security Level
Security Mode Select More Sec ur e (W P A (2 )-P S K ) to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients
which want to associate to this network must have the same wireless security settings as the Zyxel
Device. After you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen.
Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any data
encryption or authentication.
See Section 7.2.1 on page 147 for more details about this field.
Generate
password
automatically
Select this option to have the Zyxel Device automatically generate a password. The password
field will not be configurable when you select this option.
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7.4 The MAC Authentication Screen
This screen allows you to configure the Zyxel Device to give exclusive access to specific devices (Allow)
or exclude specific devices from accessing the Zyxel Device (Deny) based on the device(s) MAC
address. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. It is assigned at the
factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters; for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to
know the MAC addresses of the device(s) you want to allow/deny to configure this screen.
Note: You can have up to 25 MAC authentication rules.
Use this screen to view your Zyxel Device’s MAC filter settings and add new MAC filter rules. Click
Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 90 Network Setting> Wireless > MAC Authentication
Password WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials.
If you did not select Generate password automatically, you can manually type a pre-shared key
from 8 to 64 case-sensitive keyboard characters.
Click the Eye icon to show or hide the password of your wireless network. When the Eye icon is
slashed , you’ll see the password in plain text. Otherwise, it’s hidden.
Click this to show more fields in this section. Click again to hide them.
Encryption Select the encryption type (AES or TKIP+AES) for data encryption.
Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES.
Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES.
Timer The Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new group key out to all clients.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Table 41 Network Setting > Wireless > Guest/More AP > Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.4.1 Add/Edit MAC Addresses
Click Add new MAC address in the Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication screen to add a
new MAC address. You can also click the Edit icon next to a MAC authentication rule to edit the rule.
Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the Zyxel Device
in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal
character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
Figure 91 Network Setting> Wireless > MAC Authentication > Add/Edit
Table 42 Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General
SSID Select the SSID for which you want to configure MAC filter settings.
MAC Restrict
Mode
Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the M AC Address table.
Select Disable to turn off MAC filtering.
Select Deny to block access to the Zyxel Device. MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to
access the Zyxel Device.
Select Allow to permit access to the Zyxel Device. MAC addresses not listed will be denied
access to the Zyxel Device.
MAC Address List
Add New MAC
Address
This field is available when you select Deny or Allow in the MAC Restrict Mode field.
Click this if you want to add a new MAC address entry to the MAC filter list below.
#This is the index number of the entry.
MAC Address This is the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the Zyxel
Device.
Modify Click the Edit icon and type the MAC address of the peer device in a valid MAC address format
(six hexadecimal character pairs, for example 12:34:56:78:9a:bc).
Click the Delete icon to delete the entry.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
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7.5 The WPS Screen
WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without
having to configure security settings manually. To set up a WPS connection between two devices, both
devices must support WPS. It is recommended to use the Push Button Configuration (PBC) method if your
wireless client supports it. See Section 7.11.8.3 on page 172 for more information about WPS.
Note: The Zyxel Device applies the security settings of the SSID1 profile (see Section 7.2 on
page 145). If you want to use the WPS feature, make sure you have set the security
mode of SSID1 to WPA2-PSK or No Security.
Note: If WPS is enabled, UPnP will automatically be turned on.
Note: The WPS switch is grayed out when wireless LAN is disabled.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WPS. The following screen displays. Click this switch and makes it turn
blue. Click Apply to activate the WPS function. Then you can configure the WPS settings in this screen.
Figure 92 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.6 The WMM Screen
Use this screen to enable WiFi MultiMedia (WMM) and WMM Automatic Power Save (APSD) in wireless
networks for multimedia applications. WMM enhances data transmission quality, while APSD improves
power management of wireless clients. This allows delay-sensitive applications, such as voice and
videos, to run more smoothly.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WMM to display the following screen.
Table 43 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General
WPS Click this switch to activate or deactivate WPS on this Zyxel Device. When the switch turns blue
, the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Add a new device with WPS Method
Method 1 Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network using Push Button Configuration (PBC). Click
this switch to make it turn blue. Click Apply to activate WPS method 1 on the Zyxel Device.
WPS Click this button to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within wireless range of the Zyxel
Device) to your wireless network. This button may either be a physical button on the outside of
device, or a menu button similar to the WPS button on this screen.
Note: You must press the other wireless device’s WPS button within two minutes of
pressing this button.
Method 2 Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network by entering the PIN of the client into the Zyxel
Device. Click this switch and make it turn blue. Click Apply to activate WPS method 2 on the
Zyxel Device.
Register Enter the PIN of the device that you are setting up a WPS connection with and click Register to
authenticate and add the wireless device to your wireless network.
You can find the PIN either on the outside of the device, or by checking the device’s settings.
Note: You must also activate WPS on that device within two minutes to have it
present its PIN to the Zyxel Device.
Method 3 Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network by entering the PIN of the Zyxel Device into the
client. Click this switch and make it turn blue. Click Apply to activate WPS method 3 on the
Zyxel Device.
Release
Configuration The default WPS status is configured.
Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS
connections on the Zyxel Device.
Generate
New PIN
Number
If this method has been enabled, the PIN (Personal Identification Number) of the Zyxel Device is
shown here. Enter this PIN in the configuration utility of the device you want to connect to using
WPS.
The PIN is not necessary when you use the WPS push-button method.
Click the Generate New PIN button to have the Zyxel Device create a new PIN.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
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Figure 93 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM
Note: WMM cannot be disabled if 802.11 mode includes 802.11n or 802.11ac.
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
7.7 The Others Screen
Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings, such as additional security settings, power
saving, and data transmission settings. Click Network Setting > Wireless > Others. The screen appears as
shown.
See Section 7.11.2 on page 166 for detailed definitions of the terms listed in this screen.
Table 44 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WMM of SSID1~4 Select On to have the Zyxel Device automatically give the wireless network (SSIDx) a priority level
according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (WiFi MultiMedia
Quality of Service) gives high priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly.
If the 802.11 Mode in Network Setting > Wireless > Others is set to include 802.11n or 802.11ac,
WMM cannot be disabled.
WMM
Automatic
Power Save
Delivery (APSD)
Select this option to extend the battery life of your mobile devices (especially useful for small
devices that are running multimedia applications). The Zyxel Device goes to sleep mode to save
power when it is not transmitting data. The AP buffers the packets sent to the Zyxel Device until
the Zyxel Device "wakes up". The Zyxel Device wakes up periodically to check for incoming
data.
Note: This works only if the wireless device to which the Zyxel Device is connected also
supports this feature.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
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Figure 94 Network Setting > Wireless > Others
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 45 Network Setting > Wireless > Others
LABEL DESCRIPTION
RTS/CTS
Threshold
Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear
To Send) handshake.
Enter a value between 0 and 2347.
Fragmentation
Threshold
This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value between 256 and 2346.
Output Power Set the output power of the Zyxel Device. If there is a high density of APs in an area, decrease
the output power to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following: 20%, 40%,
60%, 80% or 100%.
Beacon Interval When a wirelessly networked device sends a beacon, it includes with it a beacon interval. This
specifies the time period before the device sends the beacon again.
The interval tells receiving devices on the network how long they can wait in low power mode
before waking up to handle the beacon. This value can be set from 50 ms to 1000 ms. A high
value helps save current consumption of the access point.
DTIM Interval Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) is the time period after which broadcast and
multicast packets are transmitted to mobile clients in the Power Saving mode. A high DTIM
value can cause clients to lose connectivity with the network. This value can be set from 1 to
255.
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802.11 Mode For 2.4 GHz frequency WLAN devices:
•Select 802.11b Only to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate with
the Zyxel Device.
•Select 802.11g Only to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with
the Zyxel Device.
•Select 802.11n Only to allow only IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with
the Zyxel Device.
•Select 80 2.11b/g M ixed to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN
devices to associate with the Zyxel Device. The transmission rate of your Zyxel Device might
be reduced.
•Select 802.11b/g/n Mixed to allow IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g or IEEE802.11n compliant
WLAN devices to associate with the Zyxel Device. The transmission rate of your Zyxel Device
might be reduced.
For 5 GHz frequency WLAN devices:
•Select 802.11a Only to allow only IEEE 802.11a compliant WLAN devices to associate with
the Zyxel Device.
•Select 802.11n Only to allow only IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with
the Zyxel Device.
•Select 802.11ac Only to allow only IEEE 802.11ac compliant WLAN devices to associate with
the Zyxel Device.
•Select 802.11a/n Mixed to allow either IEEE 802.11a or IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices
to associate with the Zyxel Device. The transmission rate of your Zyxel Device might be
reduced.
•Select 802.11n/ac Mixed to allow either IEEE 802.11n or IEEE 802.11ac compliant WLAN
devices to associate with the Zyxel Device. The transmission rate of your Zyxel Device might
be reduced.
•Select 802.11a/n/ac Mixed to allow IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11n or IEEE802.11ac compliant
WLAN devices to associate with the Zyxel Device. The transmission rate of your Zyxel Device
might be reduced.
802.11 Protection Enabling this feature can help prevent collisions in mixed-mode networks (networks with both
IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g traffic).
Select Auto to have the wireless devices transmit data after a RTS/CTS handshake. This helps
improve IEEE 802.11g performance.
Select Off to disable 802.11 protection. The transmission rate of your Zyxel Device might be
reduced in a mixed-mode network.
This field displays Off and is not configurable when you set 802.11 Mode to 802.11b Only.
Preamble Select a preamble type from the drop-down list box. Choices are Long or Short. See Section
7.11.7 on page 170 for more information.
This field is configurable only when you set 802.11 Mode to 802.11b.
Protected
Management
Frames
This option is only available when using WPA2 as the Security Mode and AES Encryption in
Network Setting > Wireless > General. Management frame protection (MFP) helps prevent
wireless DoS attacks.
Select Disable if you don’t want to use MFP.
Select Capable to encrypt management frames of wireless clients that support MFP. Clients
that do not support MFP will still be allowed to join the wireless network, but remain
unprotected.
Select Required to allow only clients that support MFP to join the wireless network.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Table 45 Network Setting > Wireless > Others (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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7.8 The Channel Status Screen
Use the Channel Status screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results. Click Network
Setting > Wireless > Channel Status. The screen appears as shown. Click Scan to scan the wireless LAN
channels. You can view the results in the Channel Scan Result section. It’ll take about 15 seconds to
finish scanning the wireless LAN channels.
Note: The blue value is the AP count. It’s the number of access points (AP) in the wireless LAN
channel.
Note: The AP count may not be a real-time value.
Figure 95 Network Setting > Wireless > Channel Status
7.9 The MESH Screen
Use this screen to enable or disable Zyxel MESH for Multy Pro supported devices. It supports AP steering
and Band steering. AP steering allows wireless clients to roam seamlessly between Multy-Pro-supported
devices in your MESH network by using the same SSID and WiFi password. Also, AP steering helps monitor
wireless clients and drop their connections to optimize the Zyxel Device bandwidth when the clients are
idle or have a low signal. When a wireless client is dropped, it has the opportunity to steer to a Multy-Pro-
supported device with a strong signal. Band steering allows 2.4G/5G dual-band wireless clients to steer
from one band to another.
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A MESH network consists of a controller, the Zyxel Device, and Multy-Pro-supported extenders. Multy-Pro-
supported extenders use the same wireless settings as the controller.
When Multy Pro is enabled:
• One Connect will be enabled and grayed out automatically. See Section 17.1 on page 261 for more
information about One Connect. One Connect is used for the communication between the Zyxel
Device and Multy-Pro-supported extenders for the setup of a MESH network.
• The SSID and WiFi password of the main 2.4 GHz wireless network will be copied to the main 5 GHz
wireless network.
• If users change the modes of a Multy-Pro supported extender, users need to wait until it finishes
booting before creating a MESH network with a controller, a Zyxel router.
See the steps below on how to set up a MESH network. The setup could take you 30 minutes.
Configurations on a Multy-Pro-Supported Extender(s)
1Prepare a Multy-Pro-supported extender(s) from Zyxel.
The following table lists the Multy-Pro-supported extenders from Zyxel at the time of writing.
2If the Multy-Pro-supported extender is in repeater mode, enable the wireless LAN. See your Multy-Pro-
supported extender’s UG for how to enable the wireless LAN.
3If the Multy-Pro-supported extender is in AP mode, connect it to the Zyxel Device using an Ethernet
cable.
4Turn on the Multy-Pro-supported extender.
5Enable Zyxel MESH in the Web Configurator. See your Multy-Pro-supported extender’s UG for how to
enable Zyxel MESH.
Configurations on the Zyxel Device
1If the Multy-Pro-supported extender is in repeater mode, enable the WiFi. See Section 7.2 on page 145 or
Section 3.5 on page 68 for more information on enabling the WiFi.
2Enable Zyxel MESH in the Network > Wireless > MESH screen.
3Press the WPS button for more than five seconds on the Zyxel Device.
Or
Click Add Extender in the Multy Pro App. Install from Google Play or the Apple App store.
The following figure shows the Multy Pro application. Device Z is the Zyxel Device. Device A is a Multy-
Pro-supported extender in AP mode. Devices B and C are Multy-Pro-supported extenders in repeater
Mode.
Table 46 Multy-Pro-Supported Extenders from Zyxel
MODELS
WAP6804
WAP6906
WAP7205
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The following figure shows the Multy Pro application. Device Z is the controller, the Zyxel Device. Device
A is a Multy-Pro-supported extender in AP mode. Devices B and C are Multy-Pro-supported extenders in
repeater Mode.
Figure 96 MESH Application
Click Network > Wireless > MESH. The following screen displays.
Figure 97 Network > Wireless > MESH
7.10 The WLAN Scheduler Screen
Use the WLAN Scheduler screen to create rules to schedule the times to permit Internet traffic from each
wireless network interfaces. Select a specific time and day of a week for scheduling. You can also
create a rule to automatically switch off all the WLAN together.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WLAN Scheduler.
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Figure 98 Network Setting > Wireless > WLAN Scheduler
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Note: If you enable a rule for a specific SSID, you will not be able to connect to other wireless
networks.
Table 47 Network Setting > Wireless > WLAN Scheduler
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WLAN Scheduler
Access
Click this switch to enable the WLAN scheduler function. This serves as the main switch to
allow the individual rules to function. When the switch turns blue , the function is enabled.
Otherwise, it’s not.
Add New Rule Click this to configure a new WLAN scheduler rule.
# This is the index number of the entry.
Active Click the check box to enable individual rules.
Note: Make sure to enable the WLAN Scheduler Access switch for the individual
rules to work.
Rule Name This field displays the name of the rule.
SSID This is the descriptive name used to identify the wireless device that this rule applies to. Will
show ALL WLAN if you select All wireless networks in the Add New Rule screen.
Day This field displays the day(s) of the week that you wish to apply this rule.
Time This field displays the time of the day that you wish to apply this rule.
Description This field shows a description of the rule, usually to help identify it.
Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the connection.
Click the Delete icon to remove the rule.
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7.10.1 Add/Edit Rules
Click Add New Rule in the WLAN Scheduler screen, or click the Edit icon next to a scheduling rule, and
the following screen displays.
Use this screen to create a scheduling rule to permit Internet traffic from each wireless network
interfaces.
Figure 99 Network Setting > Wireless > WLAN Scheduler > Add New Rule
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 48 Network Setting > Wireless > WLAN Schedule > Add New Rule
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Slide the switch to the right ( )to enable this WLAN scheduler rule.
SSID Select All wireless networks if you want the rule to apply to all wireless devices or select a
wireless device to apply the rule to.
Rule Name Enter a descriptive name for the rule.
Day Select the day(s) of the week that you wish to apply this rule.
Time Specify the time of the day that you wish to apply this rule (format hh:mm).
Note: Click the check box for All day if you wish to apply the rule for the whole day
(24 hours).
Description Enter a description of the rule, usually to help identify it (its purpose).
OK Click OK to save the changes back to the Zyxel Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to close the window with changes unsaved.
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7.11 Technical Reference
This section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see Appendix B on page 385.
7.11.1 Wireless Network Overview
Wireless networks consist of wireless clients, access points and bridges.
• A wireless client is a radio connected to a user’s computer.
• An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can connect with numerous
wireless clients and let them access the network.
• A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and wireless clients, extending
a network’s range.
Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways.
• An “infrastructure” type of network has one or more access points and one or more wireless clients.
The wireless clients connect to the access points.
• An “ad-hoc” type of network is one in which there is no access point. Wireless clients connect to one
another in order to exchange information.
The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Figure 100 Example of a Wireless Network
The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B use the access
point (AP) to interact with the other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your Zyxel Device is
the AP.
DSL
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Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.
The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentifier.
• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel.
Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency,
to send and receive information.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP.
Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the
information that is sent in the wireless network.
Radio Channels
In the radio spectrum, there are certain frequency bands allocated for unlicensed, civilian use. For the
purposes of wireless networking, these bands are divided into numerous channels. This allows a variety of
networks to exist in the same place without interfering with one another. When you create a network,
you must select a channel to use.
Since the available unlicensed spectrum varies from one country to another, the number of available
channels also varies.
7.11.2 Additional Wireless Terms
The following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in the Zyxel Device’s Web
Configurator.
7.11.3 Wireless Security Overview
By their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data networks, this means
that anyone within range of a wireless network without security can not only read the data passing over
the airwaves, but also join the network. Once an unauthorized person has access to the network, he or
she can steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to compromise the
Table 49 Additional Wireless Terms
TERM DESCRIPTION
RTS/CTS Threshold In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices are sometimes not
aware of each other’s presence. This may cause them to send information to the AP at
the same time and result in information colliding and not getting through.
By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless devices must sometimes get
permission to send information to the Zyxel Device. The lower the value, the more often
the devices must get permission.
If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see below), then wireless
devices never have to get permission to send information to the Zyxel Device.
Preamble A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble modes:
long and short. If a device uses a different preamble mode than the Zyxel Device does, it
cannot communicate with the Zyxel Device.
Authentication The process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network.
Fragmentation
Threshold
A small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a larger
threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy.
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network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems have been developed to ensure that only
authorized people can use a wireless data network, or understand the data carried on it.
These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that only people presenting
the right credentials (often a username and password, or a “key” phrase) can access the network.
Second, they encrypt. This means that the information sent over the air is encoded. Only people with
the code key can understand the information, and only people who have been authenticated are
given the code key.
These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the old Wired Equivalent
Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security at all, but it will not keep a determined
attacker out. Other security standards are secure in themselves but can be broken if a user does not use
them properly. For example, the WPA-PSK security standard is very secure if you use a long key which is
difficult for an attacker’s software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter long string of apparently
random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure if you use a short key which is very easy to guess -
for example, a three-letter word from the dictionary.
Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, it’s not just people who have
sensitive information on their network who should use security. Everybody who uses any wireless network
should ensure that effective security is in place.
A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use obscure information
that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a way that appears random and does not
include real words. For example, if your mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and her favorite movie is
Vanishing Point (which you know was made in 1971) you could use “70dodchal71vanpoi” as your
security key.
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless
network.
7.11.3.1 SSID
Normally, the Zyxel Device acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can
hide the SSID instead, in which case the Zyxel Device does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you
should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess.
This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to
get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the
wireless network.
7.11.3.2 MAC Address Filter
Every device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number, called a MAC
address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example,
00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each device in the wireless network,
see the device’s User’s Guide or other documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the Zyxel Device which devices are allowed or not allowed to
use the wireless network. If a device is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the correct
1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These
kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
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information (SSID, channel, and security). If a device is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does
not matter if it has the correct information.
This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore,
there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the MAC address of an authorized device. Then,
they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.
7.11.3.3 User Authentication
Authentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless
network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network before using it. However, every device
in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this.
For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user in a RADIUS server. This
is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you do not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up
user names and passwords for your users.
Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they
cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a
valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless
network.
7.11.3.4 Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the
message.
The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication. (See Section 7.11.3.3 on
page 168 for information about this.)
For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users do not
log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, WPA-PSK, or WPA2-PSK.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger encryption.
The other types of encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for
unauthorized wireless devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly.
Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the
key, the stronger the encryption. Every device in the wireless network must have the same key.
Table 50 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication
NO AUTHENTICATION RADIUS SERVER
Weakest No Security WPA
WPA2
WPA-PSK
Strongest WPA2-PSK
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7.11.4 Signal Problems
Because wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to limitations of distance,
interference and absorption.
Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with interference occur
when other radio waves interrupt the data signal. Interference may come from other radio
transmissions, such as military or air traffic control communications, or from machines that are
coincidental emitters such as electric motors or microwaves. Problems with absorption occur when
physical objects (such as thick walls) are between the two radios, muffling the signal.
7.11.5 BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a wireless
station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is disabled,
wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-
BSS traffic blocking is enabled, wireless station A and B can still access the wired network but cannot
communicate with each other.
Figure 101 Basic Service set
7.11.6 MBSSID
Traditionally, you need to use different APs to configure different Basic Service Sets (BSSs). As well as the
cost of buying extra APs, there is also the possibility of channel interference. The Zyxel Device’s MBSSID
DSL
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(Multiple Basic Service Set IDentifier) function allows you to use one access point to provide several BSSs
simultaneously. You can then assign varying QoS priorities and/or security modes to different SSIDs.
Wireless devices can use different BSSIDs to associate with the same AP.
7.11.6.1 Notes on Multiple BSSs
• A maximum of eight BSSs are allowed on one AP simultaneously.
• You must use different keys for different BSSs. If two wireless devices have different BSSIDs (they are in
different BSSs), but have the same keys, they may hear each other’s communications (but not
communicate with each other).
• MBSSID should not replace but rather be used in conjunction with 802.1x security.
7.11.7 Preamble Type
Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the
synchronization field in a packet.
Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending
data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short
preamble.
Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network
support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks.
Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide more
efficient communications.
Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the network
support it, otherwise the Zyxel Device uses long preamble.
Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.
7.11.8 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)
Your Zyxel Device supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless
network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure
security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must
support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure).
Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its
configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device to
authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two
minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up
a secure network by themselves.
7.11.8.1 Push Button Configuration
WPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each WPS-enabled device, and
allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need to enter any information.
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Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS PBC button in their
configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical button.
Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button.
1Ensure that the two devices you want to set up are within wireless range of one another.
2Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into its configuration utility
and locate the button (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to do this - for the Zyxel Device, see
Section 7.6 on page 156).
3Press the button on one of the devices (it doesn’t matter which). For the Zyxel Device you must press the
WPS button for more than five seconds.
4Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the network name (SSID)
and security key through a secure connection to the enrollee.
If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s
configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
7.11.8.2 PIN Configuration
Each WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be static (it
cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can generate a new PIN by clicking on a button
in the configuration interface).
Use the PIN method instead of the push-button configuration (PBC) method if you want to ensure that
the connection is established between the devices you specify, not just the first two devices to activate
WPS in range of each other. However, you need to log into the configuration interfaces of both devices
to use the PIN method.
When you use the PIN method, you must enter the PIN from one device (usually the wireless client) into
the second device (usually the Access Point or wireless router). Then, when WPS is activated on the first
device, it presents its PIN to the second device. If the PIN matches, one device sends the network and
security information to the other, allowing it to join the network.
Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or wireless router
(referred to here as the AP) and a client device using the PIN method.
1Ensure WPS is enabled on both devices.
2Access the WPS section of the AP’s configuration interface. See the device’s User’s Guide for how to do
this.
3Look for the client’s WPS PIN; it will be displayed either on the device, or in the WPS section of the client’s
configuration interface (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to find the WPS PIN - for the Zyxel Device,
see Section 7.5 on page 155).
4Enter the client’s PIN in the AP’s configuration interface.
5If the client device’s configuration interface has an area for entering another device’s PIN, you can
either enter the client’s PIN in the AP, or enter the AP’s PIN in the client - it does not matter which.
6Start WPS on both devices within two minutes.
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7Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the device itself.
8On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. If you can connect, WPS
was successful.
If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If you
see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting
to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method.
Figure 102 Example WPS Process: PIN Method
7.11.8.3 How WPS Works
When two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role. One device acts
as the registrar (the device that supplies network and security settings) and the other device acts as the
enrollee (the device that receives network and security settings. The registrar creates a secure EAP
(Extensible Authentication Protocol) tunnel and sends the network name (SSID) and the WPA-PSK or
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WPA2-PSK pre-shared key to the enrollee. Whether WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK is used depends on the
standards supported by the devices. If the registrar is already part of a network, it sends the existing
information. If not, it generates the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly.
The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a
WPS-enabled access point.
Figure 103 How WPS works
The roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is active (two minutes). The
next time you use WPS, a different device can be the registrar if necessary.
The WPS connection process is like a handshake; only two devices participate in each WPS transaction.
If you want to add more devices you should repeat the process with one of the existing networked
devices and the new device.
Note that the access point (AP) is not always the registrar, and the wireless client is not always the
enrollee. All WPS-certified APs can be a registrar, and so can some WPS-enabled wireless clients.
By default, a WPS devices is “unconfigured”. This means that it is not part of an existing network and can
act as either enrollee or registrar (if it supports both functions). If the registrar is unconfigured, the security
settings it transmits to the enrollee are randomly-generated. Once a WPS-enabled device has
connected to another device using WPS, it becomes “configured”. A configured wireless client can still
act as enrollee or registrar in subsequent WPS connections, but a configured access point can no longer
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act as enrollee. It will be the registrar in all subsequent WPS connections in which it is involved. If you
want a configured AP to act as an enrollee, you must reset it to its factory defaults.
7.11.8.4 Example WPS Network Setup
This section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup.
The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1 are unconfigured.
When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1 is the registrar, and
Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar randomly generates the security information to set up the network,
since it is unconfigured and has no existing information.
Figure 104 WPS: Example Network Step 1
In step 2, you add another wireless client to the network. You know that Client 1 supports registrar mode,
but it is better to use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new client since you must connect to the
access point anyway in order to use the network. In this case, AP1 must be the registrar, since it is
configured (it already has security information for the network). AP1 supplies the existing security
information to Client 2.
Figure 105 WPS: Example Network Step 2
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In step 3, you add another access point (AP2) to your network. AP2 is out of range of AP1, so you cannot
use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access point. However, you know that Client 2 supports
the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead.
Figure 106 WPS: Example Network Step 3
7.11.8.5 Limitations of WPS
WPS has some limitations of which you should be aware.
• WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client communicate). It does
not work in Ad-Hoc networks (where there is no AP).
• When you use WPS, it works between two devices only. You cannot enroll multiple devices
simultaneously, you must enroll one after the other.
For instance, if you have two enrollees and one registrar you must set up the first enrollee (by pressing
the WPS button on the registrar and the first enrollee, for example), then check that it successfully
enrolled, then set up the second device in the same way.
• WPS works only with other WPS-enabled devices. However, you can still add non-WPS devices to a
network you already set up using WPS.
WPS works by automatically issuing a randomly-generated WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key
from the registrar device to the enrollee devices. Whether the network uses WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK
depends on the device. You can check the configuration interface of the registrar device to discover
the key the network is using (if the device supports this feature). Then, you can enter the key into the
non-WPS device and join the network as normal (the non-WPS device must also support WPA-PSK or
WPA2-PSK).
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• When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button on one
device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled device
could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the “correct” enrollee,
and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a possible way for a
hacker to gain access to a network.
You can easily check to see if this has happened. WPS works between only two devices
simultaneously, so if another device has enrolled your device will be unable to enroll, and will not
have access to the network. If this happens, open the access point’s configuration interface and look
at the list of associated clients (usually displayed by MAC address). It does not matter if the access
point is the WPS registrar, the enrollee, or was not involved in the WPS handshake; a rogue device
must still associate with the access point to gain access to the network. Check the MAC addresses of
your wireless clients (usually printed on a label on the bottom of the device). If there is an unknown
MAC address you can remove it or reset the AP.
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CHAPTER 8
Home Networking
8.1 Home Networking Overview
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many networking devices are
connected. It is usually located in one immediate area such as a building or floor of a building.
Use the LAN screens to help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses.
8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the LAN Setup screen to set the LAN IP address, subnet mask, and DHCP settings of your Zyxel
Device (Section 8.2 on page 179).
• Use the Static DHCP screen to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based
on their MAC addresses (Section 8.3 on page 183).
• Use the UPnP screen to enable UPnP and UPnP NAT traversal on the Zyxel Device (Section 8.4 on page
185).
• Use the Additional Subnet screen to configure IP alias and public static IP (Section 8.5 on page 190).
• Use the STB Vendor ID screen to configure the Vendor IDs of the connected Set Top Box (STB) devices,
which have the Zyxel Device automatically create static DHCP entries for the STB devices when they
request IP addresses (Section 8.6 on page 191).
• Use the Wake on LAN screen to remotely turn on a device on the network. (Section 8.7 on page 192).
• Use the TFTP Server Name screen to identify a TFTP server for configuration file download using DHCP
option 66. (Section 8.8 on page 192).
DSL
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8.1.2 What You Need To Know
8.1.2.1 About LAN
IP Address
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers,
servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These
networking devices are also known as hosts.
Subnet Mask
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet
masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
DHCP
A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server can assign your Zyxel Device an IP address,
subnet mask, DNS and other routing information when it's turned on.
DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice
versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a
networking device before you can access it.
RADVD (Router Advertisement Daemon)
When an IPv6 host sends a Router Solicitation (RS) request to discover the available routers, RADVD with
Router Advertisement (RA) messages in response to the request. It specifies the minimum and maximum
intervals of RA broadcasts. RA messages containing the address prefix. IPv6 hosts can be generated
with the IPv6 prefix an IPv6 address.
8.1.2.2 About UPnP
Identifying UPnP Devices
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP
compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a
UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device.
NAT Traversal
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP
network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the
network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT
traversal allows the following:
• Dynamic port mapping
• Learning public IP addresses
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• Assigning lease times to mappings
Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP.
See the Chapter 11 on page 223 for more information on NAT.
Cautions with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening
firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be
obtained and modified by users in some network environments.
When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security
reasons, the Zyxel Device allows multicast messages on the LAN only.
All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration.
Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
UPnP and Zyxel
Zyxel has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum UPnP™ Implementers
Corp. (UIC). Zyxel's UPnP implementation supports Internet Gateway Device (IGD) 1.0.
See Section 8.4.1 on page 186 for examples of installing and using UPnP.
Finding Out More
See Section 8.9 on page 193 for technical background information on LANs.
8.1.3 Before You Begin
Find out the MAC addresses of your network devices if you intend to add them to the DHCP Client List
screen.
8.2 The LAN Setup Screen
Use this screen to set the Local Area Network IP address and subnet mask of your Zyxel Device.
Configure DHCP settings to have the Zyxel Device or a DHCP server assign IP addresses to devices. Click
Network Setting > Home Networking to open the LAN Setup screen.
Follow these steps to configure your LAN settings.
1Enter an IP address into the IP Address field. The IP address must be in dotted decimal notation. This will
become the IP address of your Zyxel Device.
2Enter the IP subnet mask into the IP Subnet Mask field. Unless instructed otherwise it is best to leave this
alone, the configurator will automatically compute a subnet mask based upon the IP address you
entered.
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3Click Apply to save your settings.
Figure 107 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 51 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Interface Group
Group Name Select the interface group name for which you want to configure LAN settings. See Chapter 15
on page 250 for how to create a new interface group.
LAN IP Setup
IP Address Enter the LAN IPv4 IP address you want to assign to your Zyxel Device in dotted decimal
notation, for example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default).
Subnet Mask Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example 255.255.255.0
(factory default). Your Zyxel Device automatically computes the subnet mask based on the IP
address you enter, so do not change this field unless you are instructed to do so.
IGMP Snooping
Active Select Enable to allow the Zyxel Device to passively learn multicast group.
IGMP Mode Select Standard Mode to forward multicast packets to a port that joins the multicast group and
broadcast unknown multicast packets from the WAN to all LAN ports.
Select Blocking Mode to block all unknown multicast packets from the WAN.
DHCP Server State
DHCP Select Enable to have the Zyxel Device act as a DHCP server or DHCP relay agent.
Select Disable to stop the DHCP server on the Zyxel Device.
Select DHCP Relay to have the Zyxel Device forward DHCP request to the DHCP server.
DHCP Relay
Server Address
This field is only available when you select DHCP Relay in the DHCP field.
IP Address Enter the IPv4 IP address of the actual remote DHCP server in this field.
IP Addressing
Values
This field is only available when you select Enable in the DHCP field.
Beginning IP
Address This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.
Ending IP
Address This field specifies the last of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.
Auto reserve
IP for the
same host
Click this switch to have the Zyxel Device record DHCP IP addresses with the MAC addresses the
IP addresses are assigned to. When the switch goes to the right , the function is enabled.
Otherwise, it’s not.
The Zyxel Device assigns the same IP address to the same MAC address when the host requests
an IP address again through DHCP.
DHCP Server
Lease Time
This is the period of time DHCP-assigned addresses is used. DHCP automatically assigns IP
addresses to clients when they log in. DHCP centralizes IP address management on central
computers that run the DHCP server program. DHCP leases addresses, for a period of time,
which means that past addresses are “recycled” and made available for future reassignment to
other systems.
This field is only available when you select Enable in the DHCP field.
Days/Hours/
Minutes Enter the lease time of the DHCP server.
DNS Values This field is only available when you select Enable in the DHCP field.
DNS Select the type of service that you are registered for from your DNS service provider (From ISP).
Select DNS Proxy if you have the DNS proxy service. The Zyxel Device redirects clients’ DNS
queries to a DNS server for resolving domain names.
Select Static if you have the static DNS service.
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DNS Server 1/2 Enter the first and second DNS (Domain Name System) server IP addresses the Zyxel Device
passes to the DHCP clients.
LAN IPv6 Mode Setup
IPv6 Active Click this switch to enable or disable the IPv6 mode and configure IPv6 settings on the Zyxel
Device. When the switch goes to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Link Local Address Type
EUI64 Select this to have the Zyxel Device generate an interface ID for the LAN interface’s link-local
address using the EUI-64 format.
Manual Select this to manually enter an interface ID for the LAN interface’s link-local address.
LAN Global Identifier Type
EUI64 Select this to have the Zyxel Device generate an interface ID using the EUI-64 format for its global
address.
Manual Select this to manually enter an interface ID for the LAN interface’s global IPv6 address.
LAN IPv6 Prefix Setup
Delegate prefix
from WAN
Select this option to automatically obtain an IPv6 network prefix from the service provider or an
uplink router.
Static Select this option to configure a fixed IPv6 address for the Zyxel Device’s LAN IPv6 address.
MLD Snooping Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover the presence of
MLD hosts who wish to receive multicast packets and the IP addresses of multicast groups the
hosts want to join on its network.
Active Click this switch to enable or disable MLD Snooping on the Zyxel Device. When the switch goes
to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
This allows the Zyxel Device to check MLD packets passing through it and learn the multicast
group membership. It helps reduce multicast traffic.
MLD Mode Select Standard Mode to forward multicast packets to a port that joins the multicast group and
broadcast unknown multicast packets from the WAN to all LAN ports.
Select Blocking Mode to block all unknown multicast packets from the WAN.
LAN IPv6
Address Assign
Setup
Select how you want to obtain an IPv6 address:
•Stateless: The Zyxel Device uses IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration. RADVD (Router
Advertisement Daemon) is enabled to have the Zyxel Device send IPv6 prefix information in
router advertisements periodically and in response to router solicitations. DHCPv6 server is
disabled.
•Stateful: The Zyxel Device uses IPv6 stateful autoconfiguration. The DHCPv6 server is enabled
to have the Zyxel Device act as a DHCPv6 server and pass IPv6 addresses to DHCPv6 clients.
LAN IPv6 DNS
Assign Setup
Select how the Zyxel Device provide DNS server and domain name information to the clients:
•From Router Advertisement: The Zyxel Device provides DNS information through router
advertisements.
•From DHCPv6 Server: The Zyxel Device provides DNS information through DHCPv6.
•From RA & DHCPv6 Server: The Zyxel Device provides DNS information through both router
advertisements and DHCPv6.
DHCPv6 Configuration
DHCPv6 Active This shows the status of the DHCPv6. DHCP Server displays if you configured the Zyxel Device to
act as a DHCPv6 server which assigns IPv6 addresses and/or DNS information to clients.
IPv6 Router Advertisement State
RADVD Active This shows whether RADVD is enabled or not.
IPv6 DNS Values
Table 51 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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8.3 The LAN Static DHCP Screen
This table allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to individual computers based on their MAC
addresses.
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned
at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
Use this screen to change your Zyxel Device’s static DHCP settings. Click Network Setting > Home
Networking > Static DHCP to open the following screen.
Figure 108 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
IPv6 DNS Server
1-3
Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns IPv6 DNS server information.
Select User-Defined if you have the IPv6 address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server IPv6
addresses the Zyxel Device passes to the DHCP clients.
Select None if you do not want to configure IPv6 DNS servers.
DNS Query
Scenario
Select how the Zyxel Device handles clients’ DNS information requests.
•IPv4/IPv6 DNS Server: The Zyxel Device forwards the requests to both the IPv4 and IPv6 DNS
servers and sends clients the first DNS information it receives.
•IPv6 DNS Server Only: The Zyxel Device forwards the requests to the IPv6 DNS server and
sends clients the DNS information it receives.
•IPv4 DNS Server Only: The Zyxel Device forwards the requests to the IPv4 DNS server and
sends clients the DNS information it receives.
•IPv6 DNS Server First: The Zyxel Device forwards the requests to the IPv6 DNS server first and
then the IPv4 DNS server. Then it sends clients the first DNS information it receives.
•IPv4 DNS Server First: The Zyxel Device forwards the requests to the IPv4 DNS server first and
then the IPv6 DNS server. Then it sends clients the first DNS information it receives.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Table 51 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 52 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Static DHCP
Configuration
Click this to add a new static DHCP entry.
# This is the index number of the entry.
Status This field displays whether the client is connected to the Zyxel Device.
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If you click Static DHCP Configuration in the Static DHCP screen or the Edit icon next to a static DHCP
entry, the following screen displays. Using a static DHCP means a client will always have the same IP
address assigned to it by the DHCP server. Assign a fixed IP address to a device by selecting the
interface group of this device and its IP address type and selecting the device/computer from a list or
manually entering its MAC address and assigned IP address.
Figure 109 Static DHCP: Static DHCP Configuration/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
MAC Address The MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN (Local Area Network) is
unique to your computer (six pairs of hexadecimal notation).
A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a hardwired address that is
assigned at the factory. This address follows an industry standard that ensures no other
adapter has a similar address.
IP Address This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.
Modify Click the Edit icon to have the IP address field editable and change it.
Click the Delete icon to delete a static DHCP entry. A window displays asking you to confirm
that you want to delete the selected entry.
Table 53 Static DHCP: Static DHCP Configuration/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Click this switch to enable or disable the connection between the client and the Zyxel
Device. When the switch goes to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Group Name Select the interface group name for which you want to configure static DHCP settings. See
Chapter 15 on page 250 for how to create a new interface group.
IP Type This field displays IPv4 for the type of the DHCP IP address. At the time of writing, it is not
allowed to select other type.
Select Device Info Select a device or computer from the drop-down list or select Manual Input to manually enter
a device’s MAC address and IP address in the following fields.
MAC Address If you select Manual Input, enter the MAC address of a computer on your LAN.
IP Address If you select Manual Input, enter the IP address that you want to assign to the computer on
your LAN with the MAC address that you will also specify.
Table 52 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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8.4 The UPnP Screen
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple
peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network,
obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities, and learn about other devices on the network. A device
can then leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
See Section 8.4.1 on page 186 for more information on UPnP.
Use the following screen to configure the UPnP settings on your Zyxel Device. Click Network Setting >
Home Networking > UPnP to display the screen shown next.
Note: To use UPnP NAT-T, enable NAT in the Network Setting > Broadband > Edit/Add New
WAN Interface screen.
Figure 110 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Table 53 Static DHCP: Static DHCP Configuration/Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 54 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
UPnP State
UPnP Click this switch to enable or disable UPnP. When the switch goes to the right , the function
is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open the Web Configurator's login
screen without entering the Zyxel Device's IP address (although you must still enter the password
to access the Web Configurator).
UPnP NAT-T State
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8.4.1 Turning On UPnP in Windows 7 Example
This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows 7. UPnP server is installed in Windows 7.
Activate UPnP on the Zyxel Device.
Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the Zyxel Device. Turn on your computer and the
Zyxel Device.
1Click the start icon, Control Panel and then the Network and Sharing Center.
2Click Change Advanced Sharing Settings.
UPnP NAT-T Click this switch to allow UPnP-enabled applications to automatically configure the Zyxel Device
so that they can communicate through the Zyxel Device by using NAT traversal. When the
switch goes to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
UPnP applications automatically reserve a NAT forwarding port in order to communicate with
another UPnP enabled device; this eliminates the need to manually configure port forwarding
for the UPnP enabled application.
The table below displays the NAT port forwarding rules added automatically by UPnP NAT-T.
# This is the index number of the UPnP NAT-T connection.
Description This is the description of the UPnP NAT-T connection.
Destination IP
Address
This is the IP address of the other connected UPnP-enabled device.
External Port This is the external port number that identifies the service.
Internal Port This is the internal port number that identifies the service.
Protocol This is the transport layer protocol used for the service.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Table 54 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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3Select Turn on network discovery and click Save Changes. Network discovery allows your computer to
find other computers and devices on the network and other computers on the network to find your
computer. This makes it easier to share files and printers.
8.4.2 Turning on UPnP in Windows 10 Example
This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows 10. UPnP server is installed in Windows 10.
Activate UPnP on the Zyxel Device by clicking Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP.
Make sure the computer is connected to the LAN port of the Zyxel Device. Turn on your computer and
the Zyxel Device.
1Click the start icon, Settings and then Network & Internet.
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2Click Network and Sharing Center.
3Click Change advanced sharing settings.
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4Under Domain, select Turn on network disc overy and click Save Changes. Network discovery allows your
computer to find other computers and devices on the network and other computers on the network to
find your computer. This makes it easier to share files and printers.
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8.5 The LAN Additional Subnet Screen
Use this screen to configure IP alias and public static IP.
IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet
interface. The Zyxel Device supports multiple logical LAN interfaces via its physical Ethernet interface
with the Zyxel Device itself as the gateway for the LAN network. When you use IP alias, you can also
configure firewall rules to control access to the LAN's logical network (subnet).
If your ISP provides the Public LAN service, the Zyxel Device may use a LAN IP address that can be
accessed from the WAN.
Click Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet to display the screen shown next.
Figure 111 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 55 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Alias Setup
Group Name Select the interface group name for which you want to configure the IP alias settings. See
Chapter 15 on page 250 for how to create a new interface group.
Active Click this switch to configure a LAN network for the Zyxel Device. When the switch goes to the
right , the following fields will be configurable. Otherwise, they’re not.
IPv4 Address Enter the IP address of your Zyxel Device in dotted decimal notation.
Subnet Mask Your Zyxel Device will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IPv4 address that
you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use this value computed by the Zyxel
Device.
Public LAN
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8.6 The STB Vendor ID Screen
Use this screen to configure the Vendor IDs of connected Set Top Boxes (STBs) so the Zyxel Device can
automatically create static DHCP entries for them when they request IP addresses.
Click Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor ID to open this screen.
Figure 112 Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor ID
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Active Click this switch to enable or disable the Public LAN feature. When the switch goes to the right
, the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Your ISP must support Public LAN and static IP.
IPv4 Address Enter the public IP address provided by your ISP.
Subnet Mask Enter the public IPv4 subnet mask provided by your ISP.
Offer Public IP
by DHCP
Click this switch to enable or disable the Zyxel Device to provide public IP addresses by DHCP
server. When the switch goes to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Enable ARP
Proxy
Click this switch to enable or disable the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) proxy. When the
switch goes to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Table 55 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 56 Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor ID
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Vendor ID 1~5 These are STB’s Vendor Class Identifiers (DHCP option 60). A Vendor Class Identifier is usually
used to inform the DHCP server a DHCP client’s vendor and functionality.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
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8.7 The Wake on LAN Screen
Use this screen to remotely turn on a device on the LAN network. To use this feature, the remote device
must also support Wake On LAN.
You need to know the MAC address of the LAN device. It may be on a label on the device or in its
documentation.
Click Network Setting > Home Networking > Wake on LAN to open this screen.
Figure 113 Network Setting > Home Networking > Wake on LAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
8.8 The TFTP Server Name Screen
Use the TFTP Server Name screen to identify a TFTP server for configuration file download using DHCP
option 66. RFC 2132 defines the option 66 open standard. DHCP option 66 supports the IP address or the
hostname of a single TFTP server.
Click Network Setting > Home Networking > TFTP Server Name to open this screen.
Figure 114 Network Setting > Home Networking > TFTP Server Name
Table 57 Network Setting > Home Networking > Wake on LAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wake by
Address
Select Manual and enter the IP address or MAC address of the device to turn it on remotely. The
drop-down list also lists the IP addresses that can be found in the Zyxel Device’s ARP table. Select
an IP address and it will then automatically update the IP address and MAC address in the
following fields.
IP Address Enter the IPv4 IP address of the device to turn it on.
MAC Address Enter the MAC address of the device to turn it on. A MAC address consists of six hexadecimal
character pairs.
Wake up Click this to send a wake up packet to wake up the specified device.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
8.9 Technical Reference
This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter.
8.9.1 LANs, WANs and the Zyxel Device
The actual physical connection determines whether the Zyxel Device ports are LAN or WAN ports. There
are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as
shown next.
Figure 115 LAN and WAN IP Addresses
8.9.2 DHCP Setup
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain
TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the Zyxel Device as a DHCP server or
disable it. When configured as a server, the Zyxel Device provides the TCP/IP configuration for the
clients. If you turn DHCP service off, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the
computer must be manually configured.
IP Pool Setup
The Zyxel Device is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP clients (DHCP Pool). See the
product specifications in the appendices. Do not assign static IP addresses from the DHCP pool to your
LAN computers.
Table 58 Network Setting > Home Networking > TFTP Server Name
LABEL DESCRIPTION
TFTP Server
Name
Enter the IP address or the hostname of a single TFTP server.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
DSL
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8.9.3 DNS Server Addresses
DNS (Domain Name System) maps a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The
DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer
before you can access it. The DNS server addresses you enter when you set up DHCP are passed to the
client machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask.
There are two ways that an ISP disseminates the DNS server addresses.
• The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign
up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in the DHCP Setup
screen.
• Some ISPs choose to disseminate the DNS server addresses using the DNS server extensions of IPCP (IP
Control Protocol) after the connection is up. If your ISP did not give you explicit DNS servers, chances
are the DNS servers are conveyed through IPCP negotiation. The Zyxel Device supports the IPCP DNS
server extensions through the DNS proxy feature.
Please note that DNS proxy works only when the ISP uses the IPCP DNS server extensions. It does not
mean you can leave the DNS servers out of the DHCP setup under all circumstances. If your ISP gives
you explicit DNS servers, make sure that you enter their IP addresses in the DHCP Setup screen.
8.9.4 LAN TCP/IP
The Zyxel Device has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems
that support DHCP client capability.
IP Address and Subnet Mask
Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share
one common network number.
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network
administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP
addresses and the subnet mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user
account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is
the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 and
you must enable the Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the Zyxel Device. The Internet
Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do
not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network
number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are
reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the network number while the last number
identifies an individual computer on that network.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, for
instance, 192.168.1.1, for your Zyxel Device, but make sure that no other device on your network is using
that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your Zyxel Device will compute
the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change
the subnet mask computed by the Zyxel Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
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Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the
Internet, for example, only between your two branch offices, you can assign any IP addresses to the
hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the
following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or it can be assigned from a private network.
If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you
with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger
organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.
Note: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always
follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer
to RFC 1597, “Address Allocation for Private Internets” and RFC 1466, “Guidelines for
Management of IP Address Space”.
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CHAPTER 9
Routing
9.1 Overview
The Zyxel Device usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from computers on the LAN
to the Internet. To have the Zyxel Device send data to devices not reachable through the default
gateway, use static routes.
For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the Zyxel Device’s LAN interface. The
Zyxel Device routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the Zyxel Device’s default gateway (R1).
You create one static route to connect to services offered by your ISP behind router R2. You create
another static route to communicate with a separate network behind a router R3 connected to the
LAN.
Figure 116 Example of Routing Topology
9.2 The Routing Screen
Use this screen to view and configure the static route rules on the Zyxel Device. A static route is used to
save time and bandwidth usage when LAN devices within an Intranet are transferring files or packets,
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especially when there are more than two Internet connections available in your home or office network.
Click Network Setting > Routing > Static Route to open the following screen.
Figure 117 Network Setting > Routing > Static Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route
Use this screen to add or edit a static route. Click Add new static route in the Routing screen or the Edit
icon next to the static route you want to edit. The screen shown next appears.
Note: The Gateway IP Address must be within the range of the selected interface in Use
Interface.
Table 59 Network Setting > Routing > Static Route
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New Static
Route
Click this to configure a new static route.
#This is the index number of the entry.
Status This field displays whether the static route is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this route is
active. A gray bulb signifies that this route is not active.
Name This is the name that describes or identifies this route.
Destination IP This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based
on network number.
Subnet Mask/
Prefix Length
This parameter specifies the IP network subnet mask of the final destination.
Gateway This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same network
segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their
destinations.
Interface This is the WAN interface used for this static route.
Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the static route on the Zyxel Device.
Click the Delete icon to remove a static route from the Zyxel Device. A window displays asking
you to confirm that you want to delete the route.
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Figure 118 Routing: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 60 Routing: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Click this switch to enable or disable this static route. When the switch goes to the right , the
function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Route Name Enter a descriptive name for the static route.
IP Type Select whether your IP type is IPv4 or IPv6.
Destination IP
Address
Enter the IPv4 or IPv6 network address of the final destination.
Subnet Mask If you are using IPv4 and need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of
255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host
ID. Enter the IP subnet mask here.
Use Gateway IP
Address
The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN
port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.
Click this switch to enable or disable the gateway IP address. When the switch goes to the right
, the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Gateway IP
Address
Enter the IP address of the gateway.
Use Interface Select the WAN interface you want to use for this static route.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
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9.3 The DNS Route Screen
Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes on the Zyxel Device. A DNS route entry defines a policy
for the Zyxel Device to forward a particular DNS query to a specific WAN interface.
Note: A maximum of 20 DNS routes can be added.
Click Network Setting > Routing > DNS Route to open the following screen.
Figure 119 Network Setting > Routing > DNS Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.3.1 The DNS Route Add Screen
You can manually add the Zyxel Device’s DNS route entry. Click Add New DNS Route in the Network
Setting > Routing > DNS Route screen. The screen shown next appears.
Table 61 Network Setting > Routing > DNS Route
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New DNS
Route
Click this to add a new DNS route.
#This is the index number of a DNS route.
Status This field displays whether the DNS route is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this DNS route
is active. A gray bulb signifies that this DNS route is not active.
Domain Name This is the host name or domain name of the DNS route entry.
WAN Interface This is the WAN connection through which the Zyxel Device forwards DNS requests for this
domain name.
Subnet Mask This is the subnet mask of the DNS route entry.
Modify Click the Edit icon to modify the DNS route.
Click the Delete icon to delete the DNS route.
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Figure 120 DNS Route Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.4 The Policy Route Screen
Traditionally, routing is based on the destination address only and the Zyxel Device takes the shortest
path to forward a packet. Policy routes allow the Zyxel Device to override the default routing behavior
and alter the packet forwarding based on the policy defined by the network administrator. Policy-
based routing is applied to outgoing packets, prior to the normal routing.
You can use source-based policy forwarding to direct traffic from different users through different
connections or distribute traffic among multiple paths for load sharing.
The Policy Route screen let you view and configure routing policies on the Zyxel Device. Click Network
Setting > Routing > Policy Route to open the following screen.
Figure 121 Network Setting > Routing > Policy Route
Table 62 DNS Route Add
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Click this switch to enable or disable the DNS route. When the switch goes to the right , the
function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Domain Name Enter the domain name of the DNS route entry.
Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask of the DNS route entry.
WAN Interface Select the WAN connection through which the Zyxel Device forwards DNS requests for this
domain name. WWAN means the wireless cellular interface.
Cancel Click this to exit this screen without saving any changes.
OK Click this to save your changes.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.4.1 Add/Edit Policy Route
Click Add New Policy Route in the Policy Route screen or click the Edit icon next to a policy. Use this
screen to configure the required information for a policy route.
Figure 122 Policy Route: Add/Edit
Table 63 Network Setting > Routing > Policy Route
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New Policy
Route
Click this to create a new policy forwarding rule.
#This is the index number of the entry.
Status This field displays whether the DNS route is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this DNS route
is active. A gray bulb signifies that this DNS route is not active.
Name This is the name of the rule.
Source IP This is the source IP address.
Source Subnet
Mask
This is the source subnet mask address.
Protocol This is the transport layer protocol.
Source Port This is the source port number.
Source MAC This is the source MAC address.
Source
Interface
This is the interface from which the matched traffic is sent.
WAN Interface This is the WAN interface through which the traffic is routed.
Modify Click the Edit icon to edit this policy.
Click the Delete icon to remove a policy from the Zyxel Device. A window displays asking you to
confirm that you want to delete the policy.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
9.5 The RIP Screen
Routing Information Protocol (RIP, RFC 1058 and RFC 1389) allows a device to exchange routing
information with other routers.
Click Network Setting > Routing > RIP to open the RIP screen.
Figure 123 Network Setting > Routing > RIP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 64 Policy Route: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Click this switch to enable or disable the policy route. When the switch goes to the right , the
function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Route Name Enter a descriptive name of up to 8 printable English keyboard characters, not including spaces.
Source IP
Address
Enter the source IP address.
Source Subnet
Mask
Enter the source subnet mask address.
Protocol Select the transport layer protocol (TCP or UDP).
Source Port Enter the source port number.
Source MAC Enter the source MAC address.
Source Interface
(ex: br0 or
LAN1~LAN4)
Type the name of the interface from which the matched traffic is sent.
WAN Interface Select a WAN interface through which the traffic is sent. You must have the WAN interface(s)
already configured in the Broadband screens.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Table 65 Network Setting > Routing > RIP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
#This is the index of the interface in which the RIP setting is used.
Interface This is the name of the interface in which the RIP setting is used.
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Version The RIP version controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets
that the Zyxel Device sends (it recognizes both formats when receiving). RIP version 1 is
universally supported but RIP version 2 carries more information. RIP version 1 is
probably adequate for most networks, unless you have an unusual network topology.
Operation Select Passive to have the Zyxel Device update the routing table based on the RIP
packets received from neighbors but not advertise its route information to other
routers in this interface.
Select Active to have the Zyxel Device advertise its route information and also listen for
routing updates from neighboring routers.
Enable Select the check box to activate the settings.
Disable Default
Gateway
Select the check box to set the Zyxel Device to not send the route information to the
default gateway.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Zyxel Device.
Table 65 Network Setting > Routing > RIP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 10
Quality of Service (QoS)
10.1 QoS Overview
Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network’s ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the
networking methods used to control the use of bandwidth. Without QoS, all traffic data is equally likely
to be dropped when the network is congested. This can cause a reduction in network performance and
make the network inadequate for time-critical applications such as video-on-demand.
Configure QoS on the Zyxel Device to group and prioritize application traffic and fine-tune network
performance. Setting up QoS involves these steps:
1Configure classifiers to sort traffic into different flows.
2Assign priority and define actions to be performed for a classified traffic flow.
The Zyxel Device assigns each packet a priority and then queues the packet accordingly. Packets
assigned a high priority are processed more quickly than those with low priority if there is congestion,
allowing time-sensitive applications to flow more smoothly. Time-sensitive applications include both
those that require a low level of latency (delay) and a low level of jitter (variations in delay) such as
Voice over IP (VoIP) or Internet gaming, and those for which jitter alone is a problem such as Internet
radio or streaming video. There are eight priority levels, with 1 having the highest priority.
This chapter contains information about configuring QoS and editing classifiers.
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The General screen lets you enable or disable QoS and set the upstream bandwidth (Section 10.3 on
page 206).
• The Queue Setup screen lets you configure QoS queue assignment (Section 10.4 on page 208).
• The Classification Setup screen lets you add, edit or delete QoS classifiers (Section 10.5 on page 210).
• The Shaper Setup screen limits outgoing traffic transmission rate on the selected interface (Section
10.6 on page 215).
• The Policer Se tup screen to control incoming traffic transmission rate and bursts (Section 10.7 on page
216).
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10.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
QoS versus CoS
QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the same flow are given the
same priority. CoS (class of service) is a way of managing traffic in a network by grouping similar types of
traffic together and treating each type as a class. You can use CoS to give different priorities to different
packet types.
CoS technologies include IEEE 802.1p layer 2 tagging and DiffServ (Differentiated Services or DS). IEEE
802.1p tagging makes use of three bits in the packet header, while DiffServ is a new protocol and
defines a new DS field, which replaces the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP header.
Tagging and Marking
In a QoS class, you can configure whether to add or change the DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) value, IEEE
802.1p priority level and VLAN ID number in a matched packet. When the packet passes through a
compatible network, the networking device, such as a backbone switch, can provide specific
treatment or service based on the tag or marker.
Traffic Shaping
Bursty traffic may cause network congestion. Traffic shaping regulates packets to be transmitted with a
pre-configured data transmission rate using buffers (or queues). Your Zyxel Device uses the Token Bucket
algorithm to allow a certain amount of large bursts while keeping a limit at the average rate.
Traffic
Time
Traffic Rate
Traffic
Time
Traffic Rate
(Before Traffic Shaping) (After Traffic Shaping)
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Traffic Policing
Traffic policing is the limiting of the input or output transmission rate of a class of traffic on the basis of
user-defined criteria. Traffic policing methods measure traffic flows against user-defined criteria and
identify it as either conforming, exceeding or violating the criteria.
The Zyxel Device supports three incoming traffic metering algorithms: Token Bucket Filter (TBF), Single
Rate Two Color Maker (srTCM), and Two Rate Two Color Marker (trTCM). You can specify actions which
are performed on the colored packets. See Section 10.8 on page 218 for more information on each
metering algorithm.
10.3 The Quality of Service General Screen
Click Network Setting > QoS > General to open the screen as shown next.
Use this screen to enable or disable QoS and set the upstream bandwidth or assign traffic priority. See
Section 10.1 on page 204 for more information.
When one of the following situations happens, the current WAN linkup rate will be used instead:
1WAN Managed Upstream Bandwidth is set to 0
2WAN Managed Upstream Bandwidth is empty
3WAN Managed Upstream Bandwidth is higher than the current WAN interface linkup rate
Note: Manually defined QoS is ignored when Upstream Traffic Priority is selected.
Note: Upstream Traffic Priority automatically assigns a traffic priority level based on the
selected criteria.
Note: To have your QoS settings configured in other QoS screens take effect, select None in
the Upstream Traffic Priority field.
Traffic
Time
Traffic Rate
Traffic
Time
Traffic Rate
(Before Traffic Policing) (After Traffic Policing)
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Figure 124 Network > QoS > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 66 Network Setting > QoS > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
QoS Select the Enable check box to turn on QoS to improve your network performance.
WAN Managed
Upstream
Bandwidth
Enter the amount of upstream bandwidth for the WAN interfaces that you want to allocate using
QoS.
The recommendation is to set this speed to match the interfaces’ actual transmission speed. For
example, set the WAN interfaces’ speed to 100000 kbps if your Internet connection has an
upstream transmission speed of 100 Mbps.
You can set this number higher than the interfaces’ actual transmission speed. The Zyxel Device
uses up to 95% of the DSL port’s actual upstream transmission speed even if you set this number
higher than the DSL port’s actual transmission speed.
You can also set this number lower than the interfaces’ actual transmission speed. This will cause
the Zyxel Device to not use some of the interfaces’ available bandwidth.
If you leave this field blank, the Zyxel Device automatically sets this number to be 95% of the
WAN interfaces’ actual upstream transmission speed.
LAN Managed
Downstream
Bandwidth
Enter the amount of downstream bandwidth for the LAN interfaces (including WLAN) that you
want to allocate using QoS.
The recommendation is to set this speed to match the WAN interfaces’ actual transmission
speed. For example, set the LAN managed downstream bandwidth to 100000 kbps if you use a
100 Mbps wired Ethernet WAN connection.
You can also set this number lower than the WAN interfaces’ actual transmission speed. This will
cause the Zyxel Device to not use some of the interfaces’ available bandwidth.
If you leave this field blank, the Zyxel Device automatically sets this to the LAN interfaces’
maximum supported connection speed.
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10.4 The Queue Setup Screen
Click Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup to open the screen as shown next.
Use this screen to configure QoS queue assignment to decide the priority on WAN/LAN interfaces. Traffic
with higher priority gets through faster than those with lower priority. Low-priority traffic is dropped first
when the network is congested.
Note: Configure the priority level for a QoS queue from 1 to 8. The smaller the number in the
Priority column, the higher the priority.
Note: The corresponding classifier(s) will be removed automatically if a queue is deleted.
Note: Rate limit 0 means there's no rate limit on a queue.
Figure 125 Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup
Upstream traffic
priority Assigned
by
Select how the Zyxel Device assigns priorities to various upstream traffic flows.
•None: Disables auto priority mapping and has the Zyxel Device put packets into the queues
according to your classification rules. Traffic which does not match any of the classification
rules is mapped into the default queue with the lowest priority.
•Ethernet Priority: Automatically assign priority based on the IEEE 802.1p priority level.
•IP Prece dence: Automatically assign priority based on the first three bits of the TOS field in the
IP header.
•Packet Length: Automatically assign priority based on the packet size. Smaller packets get
higher priority since control, signaling, VoIP, Internet gaming, or other real-time packets are
usually small while larger packets are usually best effort data packets like file transfers.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Table 66 Network Setting > QoS > General (continued) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
10.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue
Click Add New Queue or the Edit icon in the Queue Setup screen to configure a queue.
Figure 126 Queue Setup: Add
Table 67 Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New
Queue
Click this button to create a new queue entry.
#This is the index number of the entry.
Status This field displays whether the queue is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this queue is
active. A gray bulb signifies that this queue is not active.
Name This shows the descriptive name of this queue.
Interface This shows the name of the Zyxel Device’s interface through which traffic in this queue passes.
Priority This shows the priority of this queue. The lower the number, the higher the priority level.
Weight This shows the weight of this queue.
Buffer
Management
This shows the queue management algorithm used for this queue.
Queue management algorithms determine how the Zyxel Device should handle packets when
it receives too many (network congestion).
Rate Limit This shows the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this queue. Rate limit 0 means
there's no rate limit on this queue.
Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the queue.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing queue. Note that subsequent rules move up by one
when you take this action.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
10.5 The QoS Classification Setup Screen
Use this screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers. A classifier groups traffic into data flows according
to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number, destination port
number or incoming interface. For example, you can configure a classifier to select traffic from the
same protocol port (such as Telnet) to form a flow.
You can give different priorities to traffic that the Zyxel Device forwards through the WAN interface. Give
high priority to voice and video to make them run more smoothly. Similarly, give low priority to many
large file downloads so that they do not reduce the quality of other applications.
Click Network Setting > QoS > Classification Setup to open the following screen.
Figure 127 Network Setting > QoS > Classification Setup
Table 68 Queue Setup: Add
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Click this switch to enable or disable the queue. When the switch turns blue , the function is
enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Name Enter the descriptive name of this queue.
Interface Select the interface to which this queue is applied.
This field is read-only if you are editing the queue.
Priority Select the priority level (from 1 to 7) of this queue.
The smaller the number, the higher the priority level. Traffic assigned to higher priority queues
gets through faster while traffic in lower priority queues is dropped if the network is congested.
Weight Select the weight (from 1 to 8) of this queue.
If two queues have the same priority level, the Zyxel Device divides the bandwidth across the
queues according to their weights. Queues with larger weights get more bandwidth than
queues with smaller weights.
Buffer
Management
This field displays Drop Tail (DT). Drop Tail (DT) is a simple queue management algorithm that
allows the Zyxel Device buffer to accept as many packets as it can until it is full. Once the buffer
is full, new packets that arrive are dropped until there is space in the buffer again (packets are
transmitted out of it).
Rate Limit Specify the maximum transmission rate (in Kbps) allowed for traffic on this queue. If you enter 0
here, this means there's no rate limit on this queue.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
10.5.1 Add/Edit QoS Class
Click Add New Classification in the Classification Setup screen or the Edit icon next to a classifier to open
the following screen.
Table 69 Network Setting > QoS > Classification Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New
Classification
Click this to create a new classifier.
Order This is the index number of the entry. The classifiers are applied in order of their numbering.
Status This field displays whether the classifier is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
classifier is active. A gray bulb signifies that this classifier is not active.
Class Name This is the name of the classifier.
Classification
Criteria
This shows criteria specified in this classifier, for example the interface from which traffic of
this class should come and the source MAC address of traffic that matches this classifier.
DSCP Mark This is the DSCP number added to traffic of this classifier.
802.1P Mark This is the IEEE 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic of this classifier.
VLAN ID Tag This is the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic of this classifier.
To Queue This is the name of the queue in which traffic of this classifier is put.
Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the classifier.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing classifier. Note that subsequent rules move up by
one when you take this action.
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Figure 128 Classification Setup: Add/Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 70 Classification Setup: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Step1: Class Configuration
Active Click this switch to enable or disable the classifier. When the switch turns blue , the function
is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Class Name Enter a descriptive name of up to 15 printable English keyboard characters, not including
spaces.
Classification
Order
Select an existing number for where you want to put this classifier to move the classifier to the
number you selected after clicking Apply.
Select Last to put this rule in the back of the classifier list.
Step2: Criteria Configuration
Basic
From Interface If you want to classify the traffic by an ingress interface, select an interface from the From
Interface drop-down list box.
Ether Type Select a predefined application to configure a class for the matched traffic.
If you select IP, you also need to configure source or destination MAC address, IP address, DHCP
options, DSCP value or the protocol type.
If you select 802.1Q, you can configure an 802.1p priority level.
Source
Address Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank
source IP address means any source IP address.
Subnet Mask Enter the source subnet mask.
Port Range If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the port
number(s) of the source.
MAC Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.
MAC Mask Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC address
should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address should
match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of any
hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the
mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.
Destination
Address Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank
source IP address means any source IP address.
Subnet Mask Enter the source subnet mask.
Port Range If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the port
number(s) of the source.
MAC Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.
MAC Mask Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC address
should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address should
match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of any
hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the
mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.
Others
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Service This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
This field simplifies classifier configuration by allowing you to select a predefined application.
When you select a predefined application, you do not configure the rest of the filter fields.
IP Protocol This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and select the protocol (service type) from TCP, UDP, ICMP or IGMP. If you
select User defined, enter the protocol (service type) number.
DHCP This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and select a DHCP option.
If you select Vendor Class ID (DHCP Option 60), enter the Vendor Class Identifier (Option 60) of
the matched traffic, such as the type of the hardware or firmware.
If you select Client ID (DHCP Option 61), enter the Identity Association IDentifier (IAD Option 61)
of the matched traffic, such as the MAC address of the device.
If you select User Class ID (DHCP Option 77), enter a string that identifies the user’s category or
application type in the matched DHCP packets.
If you select Vendor Specific Info (DHCP Option 125), enter the vendor specific information of
the matched traffic, such as the product class, model name, and serial number of the device.
IP Packet
Length This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and enter the minimum and maximum packet length (from 46 to 1500) in the
fields provided.
DSCP This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number between 0 and 63 in the
field provided.
802.1P This field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and select a priority level (between 0 and 7) from the drop-down list box.
"0" is the lowest priority level and "7" is the highest.
VLAN ID This field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and specify a VLAN ID number.
TCP ACK This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
If you select this option, the matched TCP packets must contain the ACK (Acknowledge) flag.
Exclude Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.
Step3: Packet Modification
DSCP Mark This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
If you select Remark, enter a DSCP value with which the Zyxel Device replaces the DSCP field in
the packets.
If you select Unchange, the Zyxel Device keep the DSCP field in the packets.
VLAN ID If you select Remark, enter a VLAN ID number with which the Zyxel Device replaces the VLAN ID
of the frames.
If you select Remove, the Zyxel Device deletes the VLAN ID of the frames before forwarding
them out.
If you select Add, the Zyxel Device treat all matched traffic untagged and add a second VLAN
ID.
If you select Unchange, the Zyxel Device keep the VLAN ID in the packets.
Table 70 Classification Setup: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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10.6 The QoS Shaper Setup Screen
This screen lets you use the token bucket algorithm to allow a certain amount of large bursts of traffic
while keeping most outgoing traffic at the average rate. Click Network Setting > QoS > Shaper Setup.
The screen appears as shown.
Figure 129 Network Setting > QoS > Shaper Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
802.1P Mark Select a priority level with which the Zyxel Device replaces the IEEE 802.1p priority field in the
packets.
If you select Unchange, the Zyxel Device keep the 802.1p priority field in the packets.
Step4: Class Routing
Forward to
Interface
Select a WAN interface through which traffic of this class will be forwarded out. If you select
Unchange, the Zyxel Device forward traffic of this class according to the default routing table.
Step5: Outgoing Queue Selection
To Queue Index Select a queue that applies to this class.
You should have configured a queue in the Queue Setup screen already.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Table 70 Classification Setup: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 71 Network Setting > QoS > Shaper Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New
Shaper
Click this to create a new entry.
#This is the index number of the entry.
Status This field displays whether the shaper is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this policer is
active. A gray bulb signifies that this shaper is not active.
Outgoing
Interface
This shows the name of the Zyxel Device's interface through which traffic in this shaper applies.
Rate Limit This shows the average rate limit of traffic bursts for this shaper.
Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the shaper.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing shaper. Note that subsequent rules move up by one
when you take this action.
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10.6.1 Add/Edit a QoS Shaper
Click Add New Shaper in the Shaper Setup screen or the Edit icon next to a shaper to show the following
screen.
Figure 130 Shaper Setup: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
10.7 The QoS Policer Setup Screen
Use this screen to view QoS policers that allow you to limit the transmission rate of incoming traffic and
apply actions, such as drop, pass, or modify, to the DSCP value of matched traffic. Click Network Setting
> QoS > Policer Setup. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 131 Network Setting > QoS > Policer Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 72 Shaper Setup: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Click this switch to enable or disable the shaper. When the switch turns blue , the function is
enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Interface Select the Zyxel Device's interface through which traffic in this shaper applies.
Rate Limit Enter the average rate limit of traffic bursts for this shaper.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Table 73 Network Setting > QoS > Policer Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add new Policer Click this to create a new entry.
#This is the index number of the entry.
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10.7.1 Add/Edit a QoS Policer
Click Add New Policer in the Policer Setup screen or the Edit icon next to a policer to show the following
screen.
Figure 132 Policer Setup: Add/Edit
Status This field displays whether the policer is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this policer is
active. A gray bulb signifies that this policer is not active.
Name This field displays the descriptive name of this policer.
Regulated
Classes
This field displays the name of a QoS classifier
Meter Type This field displays the type of QoS metering algorithm used in this policer.
Rule These are the rates and burst sizes against which the policer checks the traffic of the member
QoS classes.
Action This shows how the policer has the Zyxel Device treat different types of traffic belonging to the
policer’s member QoS classes.
Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the policer.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing policer. Note that subsequent rules move up by one
when you take this action.
Table 73 Network Setting > QoS > Policer Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
10.8 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the Zyxel Device features
described in this chapter.
IEEE 802.1Q Tag
The IEEE 802.1Q standard defines an explicit VLAN tag in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges. A VLAN tag includes the 12-bit VLAN ID and 3-bit user priority.
Table 74 Policer Setup: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Click this switch to enable or disable the policer. When the switch turns blue , the function is
enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Name Enter the descriptive name of this policer.
Meter Type This shows the traffic metering algorithm used in this policer.
The Simple Token Bucket algorithm uses tokens in a bucket to control when traffic can be
transmitted. Each token represents one byte. The algorithm allows bursts of up to b bytes which is
also the bucket size.
The Single Rate Three Color Marker (srTCM) is based on the token bucket filter and identifies
packets by comparing them to the Committed Information Rate (CIR), the Committed Burst Size
(CBS) and the Excess Burst Size (EBS).
The Two Rate Three Color Marker (trTCM) is based on the token bucket filter and identifies
packets by comparing them to the Committed Information Rate (CIR) and the Peak Information
Rate (PIR).
Committed
Rate
Specify the committed rate. When the incoming traffic rate of the member QoS classes is less
than the committed rate, the device applies the conforming action to the traffic.
Committed
Burst Size
Specify the committed burst size for packet bursts. This must be equal to or less than the peak
burst size (two rate three color) or excess burst size (single rate three color) if it is also configured.
This is the maximum size of the (first) token bucket in a traffic metering algorithm.
Conforming
Action
Specify what the Zyxel Device does for packets within the committed rate and burst size (green-
marked packets).
•Pass: Send the packets without modification.
•DSCP Mark: Change the DSCP mark value of the packets. Enter the DSCP mark value to use.
Non-
Conforming
Action
Specify what the Zyxel Device does for packets that exceed the excess burst size or peak rate
and burst size (red-marked packets).
•Drop: Discard the packets.
•DSCP Mark: Change the DSCP mark value of the packets. Enter the DSCP mark value to use.
The packets may be dropped if there is congestion on the network.
Available Class
Selected Class
Select a QoS classifier to apply this QoS policer to traffic that matches the QoS classifier.
Highlight a QoS classifier in the Available Class box and use the > button to move it to the
Selected Class box.
To remove a QoS classifier from the Selected Class box, select it and use the < button.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
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The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that devices need to
process the frame across the network.
IEEE 802.1p specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic types. The following
table describes the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
DiffServ
QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow are given the same
priority. You can use CoS (class of service) to give different priorities to different packet types.
DiffServ (Differentiated Services) is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they
receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the
application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPs) indicating the
level of service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices to handle the
packets differently depending on the code points without the need to negotiate paths or remember
state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a particular service or
give advanced notice of where the traffic is going.
DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior
DiffServ defines a new Differentiated Services (DS) field to replace the Type of Service (TOS) field in the IP
header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64
service levels. The following figure illustrates the DS field.
DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non-DiffServ
compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping.
The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packet
gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule, different kinds of traffic can be marked for
different kinds of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the
configured policies.
Table 75 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic Type
PRIORITY LEVEL TRAFFIC TYPE
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the variations in delay).
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems Network
Architecture) transactions.
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include important
business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that are allowed
but that should not affect other applications and users.
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
DSCP (6 bits) Unused (2 bits)
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IP Precedence
Similar to IEEE 802.1p prioritization at layer-2, you can use IP precedence to prioritize packets in a layer-3
network. IP precedence uses three bits of the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP header. There
are eight classes of services (ranging from zero to seven) in IP precedence. Zero is the lowest priority
level and seven is the highest.
Automatic Priority Queue Assignment
If you enable QoS on the Zyxel Device, the Zyxel Device can automatically base on the IEEE 802.1p
priority level, IP precedence and/or packet length to assign priority to traffic which does not match a
class.
The following table shows you the internal layer-2 and layer-3 QoS mapping on the Zyxel Device. On the
Zyxel Device, traffic assigned to higher priority queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index
queues is dropped if the network is congested.
Table 76 Internal Layer2 and Layer3 QoS Mapping
PRIORITY
QUEUE
LAYER 2 LAYER 3
IEEE 802.1P USER
PRIORITY (ETHERNET
PRIORITY)
TOS (IP
PRECEDENCE) DSCP IP PACKET LENGTH
(BYTE)
0 1 0 000000
12
2 0 0 000000 >1100
3 3 1 001110
001100
001010
001000
250~1100
4 4 2 010110
010100
010010
010000
5 5 3 011110
011100
011010
011000
<250
6 6 4 100110
100100
100010
100000
5 101110
101000
7 7 6 110000
111000
7
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Token Bucket
The token bucket algorithm uses tokens in a bucket to control when traffic can be transmitted. The
bucket stores tokens, each of which represents one byte. The algorithm allows bursts of up to b bytes
which is also the bucket size, so the bucket can hold up to b tokens. Tokens are generated and added
into the bucket at a constant rate. The following shows how tokens work with packets:
• A packet can be transmitted if the number of tokens in the bucket is equal to or greater than the size
of the packet (in bytes).
• After a packet is transmitted, a number of tokens corresponding to the packet size is removed from
the bucket.
• If there are no tokens in the bucket, the Zyxel Device stops transmitting until enough tokens are
generated.
• If not enough tokens are available, the Zyxel Device treats the packet in either one of the following
ways:
In traffic shaping:
• Holds it in the queue until enough tokens are available in the bucket.
In traffic policing:
•Drops it.
• Transmits it but adds a DSCP mark. The Zyxel Device may drop these marked packets if the network
is overloaded.
Configure the bucket size to be equal to or less than the amount of the bandwidth that the interface
can support. It does not help if you set it to a bucket size over the interface’s capability. The smaller the
bucket size, the lower the data transmission rate and that may cause outgoing packets to be dropped.
A larger transmission rate requires a big bucket size. For example, use a bucket size of 10 kbytes to get
the transmission rate up to 10 Mbps.
Single Rate Three Color Marker
The Single Rate Three Color Marker (srTCM, defined in RFC 2697) is a type of traffic policing that identifies
packets by comparing them to one user-defined rate, the Committed Information Rate (CIR), and two
burst sizes: the Committed Burst Size (CBS) and Excess Burst Size (EBS).
The srTCM evaluates incoming packets and marks them with one of three colors which refer to packet
loss priority levels. High packet loss priority level is referred to as red, medium is referred to as yellow and
low is referred to as green.
The srTCM is based on the token bucket filter and has two token buckets (CBS and EBS). Tokens are
generated and added into the bucket at a constant rate, called Committed Information Rate (CIR).
When the first bucket (CBS) is full, new tokens overflow into the second bucket (EBS).
All packets are evaluated against the CBS. If a packet does not exceed the CBS it is marked green.
Otherwise it is evaluated against the EBS. If it is below the EBS then it is marked yellow. If it exceeds the
EBS then it is marked red.
The following shows how tokens work with incoming packets in srTCM:
• A packet arrives. The packet is marked green and can be transmitted if the number of tokens in the
CBS bucket is equal to or greater than the size of the packet (in bytes).
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• After a packet is transmitted, a number of tokens corresponding to the packet size is removed from
the CBS bucket.
• If there are not enough tokens in the CBS bucket, the Zyxel Device checks the EBS bucket. The packet
is marked yellow if there are sufficient tokens in the EBS bucket. Otherwise, the packet is marked red.
No tokens are removed if the packet is dropped.
Two Rate Three Color Marker
The Two Rate Three Color Marker (trTCM, defined in RFC 2698) is a type of traffic policing that identifies
packets by comparing them to two user-defined rates: the Committed Information Rate (CIR) and the
Peak Information Rate (PIR). The CIR specifies the average rate at which packets are admitted to the
network. The PIR is greater than or equal to the CIR. CIR and PIR values are based on the guaranteed
and maximum bandwidth respectively as negotiated between a service provider and client.
The trTCM evaluates incoming packets and marks them with one of three colors which refer to packet
loss priority levels. High packet loss priority level is referred to as red, medium is referred to as yellow and
low is referred to as green.
The trTCM is based on the token bucket filter and has two token buckets (Committed Burst Size (CBS)
and Peak Burst Size (PBS)). Tokens are generated and added into the two buckets at the CIR and PIR
respectively.
All packets are evaluated against the PIR. If a packet exceeds the PIR it is marked red. Otherwise it is
evaluated against the CIR. If it exceeds the CIR then it is marked yellow. Finally, if it is below the CIR then
it is marked green.
The following shows how tokens work with incoming packets in trTCM:
• A packet arrives. If the number of tokens in the PBS bucket is less than the size of the packet (in bytes),
the packet is marked red and may be dropped regardless of the CBS bucket. No tokens are removed
if the packet is dropped.
• If the PBS bucket has enough tokens, the Zyxel Device checks the CBS bucket. The packet is marked
green and can be transmitted if the number of tokens in the CBS bucket is equal to or greater than
the size of the packet (in bytes). Otherwise, the packet is marked yellow.
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CHAPTER 11
Network Address Translation
(NAT)
11.1 NAT Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the Zyxel Device. NAT (Network Address Translation -
NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet; for example, the source address
of an outgoing packet, used within one network, to a different IP address known within another network.
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the Port Forwarding screen to configure forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your
local network (Section 11.2 on page 224).
• Use the Port Triggering screen to add and configure the Zyxel Device’s trigger port settings (Section
11.3 on page 228).
• Use the DMZ screen to configure a default server (Section 11.4 on page 231).
• Use the ALG screen to enable and disable the NAT and SIP (VoIP) ALG in the Zyxel Device (Section
11.5 on page 232).
• Use the Address Mapping screen to configure the Zyxel Device's address mapping settings (Section
11.6 on page 233).
• Use the Sessions screen to configure the Zyxel Device's maximum number of NAT sessions (Section
11.6 on page 233).
11.1.2 What You Need To Know
Inside/Outside
Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the Zyxel Device, for example, the computers
of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts.
Global/Local
Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for example,
the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the
global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side.
NAT
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the
inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN
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side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address)
back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host.
Port Forwarding
A port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP, that you
can make visible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a
single computer to the outside world.
Finding Out More
See Section 11.8 on page 236 for advanced technical information on NAT.
11.2 The Port Forwarding Screen
Use Port Forwarding to forward incoming service requests from the Internet to the server(s) on your local
network. Port forwarding is commonly used when you want to host online gaming, P2P file sharing, or
other servers on your network.
You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP
address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80
and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more
than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port
numbers. You can allocate a server IP address that corresponds to a port or a range of ports.
The most often used port numbers and services are shown in Appendix D on page 406. Please refer to
RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.
Note: TCP port 7547 is reserved for system use.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes
(such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for
servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your
location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding (Example)
Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to
another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the
example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network
appears as a single host on the Internet.
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Figure 133 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
Click Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding to open the following screen.
Figure 134 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 77 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New Rule Click this to add a new rule.
#This is the index number of the entry.
Status This field displays whether the NAT rule is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this rule is
active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not active.
Service Name This shows the service’s name.
Originating IP This field displays the source IP address from the WAN interface.
WAN Interface This shows the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
Server IP
Address
This is the server’s IP address.
Start Port This is the first external port number that identifies a service.
End Port This is the last external port number that identifies a service.
Translation Start
Port
This is the first internal port number that identifies a service.
DSL
IP Address assigned by ISP
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11.2.1 Add/Edit Port Forwarding
Click Add New Rule in the Port Forwarding screen or click the Edit icon next to an existing rule to open
the following screen. Specify either a port or a range of ports, a server IP address, and a protocol to
configure a port forwarding rule.
Note: To configure port forwarding, you need to have the same configurations in the Start
Port, End Port, Translation Start Port, and Translation End Port fields.
To configure port translation, you need to have different configurations in the Start Port,
End Port, Translation Start Port, and Translation End Port fields.
Here’s an example to configure port translation. Configure Start Port to 100, End Port to
120, Translation Start Port to 200, and Translation End Port to 220.
Note: TCP port 7547 is reserved for system use.
Translation End
Port
This is the last internal port number that identifies a service.
Protocol This shows the IP protocol supported by this virtual server, whether it is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.
Modify Click the Edit icon to edit this rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.
Table 77 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 135 Port Forwarding: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 78 Port Forwarding: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Click this switch to enable or disable the rule. When the switch goes to the right , the
function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Service Name Enter a name to identify this rule using keyboard characters (A-Z, a-z, 1-2 and so on).
WAN Interface Select the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
You must have already configured a WAN connection with NAT enabled.
Start Port Enter the original destination port for the packets.
To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the End Port field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the end port number in the End
Port field.
End Port Enter the last port of the original destination port range.
To forward only one port, enter the port number in the Start Port field above and then enter it
again in this field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that begins with the port
number in the Start Port field above.
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11.3 The Port Triggering Screen
Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated range of ports on the
server side. With regular port forwarding, you set a forwarding port in NAT to forward a service (coming
in from the server on the WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is
that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to use the same service
on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace the LAN computer's IP address in the
forwarding port with another LAN computer's IP address.
Trigger port forwarding addresses this problem. Trigger port forwarding allows computers on the LAN to
dynamically take turns using the service. The Zyxel Device records the IP address of a LAN computer that
sends traffic to the WAN to request a service with a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port).
When the Zyxel Device's WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol
("open" port), the Zyxel Device forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent the
request. After that computer’s connection for that service closes, another computer on the LAN can use
the service in the same manner. This way you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you
want a different LAN computer to use the application.
Note: TCP port 7547 is reserved for system use.
Note: The maximum number of trigger ports for a single rule or all rules is 999.
Note: The maximum number of open ports for a single rule or all rules is 999.
For example:
Translation Start
Port
This shows the port number to which you want the Zyxel Device to translate the incoming port.
For a range of ports, enter the first number of the range to which you want the incoming ports
translated.
Translation End
Port
This shows the last port of the translated port range.
Server IP
Address
Enter the inside IP address of the virtual server here.
Configure
Originating IP
Select Enable to enter the source IP address of WAN interface.
Originating
IP Enter the source IP address of WAN interface.
Protocol Select the protocol supported by this virtual server. Choices are TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Table 78 Port Forwarding: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 136 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example
1Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070).
2Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the Zyxel Device to record Jane’s computer IP address. The Zyxel
Device associates Jane's computer IP address with the "open" port range of 6970-7170.
3The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170.
4The Zyxel Device forwards the traffic to Jane’s computer IP address.
5Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or times out. The Zyxel
Device times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram Protocol) or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
Click Network Setting > NAT > Port Triggering to open the following screen. Use this screen to view your
Zyxel Device’s trigger port settings.
Figure 137 Network Setting > NAT > Port Triggering
DSL
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
11.3.1 Add/Edit Port Triggering Rule
This screen lets you create new port triggering rules. Click Add new rule in the Port Triggering screen or
click a rule’s Edit icon to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure a port or range of ports
and protocols for sending out requests and for receiving responses.
Table 79 Network Setting > NAT > Port Triggering
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New Rule Click this to create a new rule.
#This is the index number of the entry.
Status This field displays whether the port triggering rule is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
rule is active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not active.
Service Name This field displays the name of the service used by this rule.
WAN Interface This field shows the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
Trigger Start Port The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the Zyxel Device to record
the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
This is the first port number that identifies a service.
Trigger End Port This is the last port number that identifies a service.
Trigger Proto. This is the trigger transport layer protocol.
Open Start Port The open port is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a
particular service. The Zyxel Device forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the
client computer on the LAN that requested the service.
This is the first port number that identifies a service.
Open End Port This is the last port number that identifies a service.
Open Proto. This is the open transport layer protocol.
Modify Click the Edit icon to edit this rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.
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Figure 138 Port Triggering: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
11.4 The DMZ Screen
A client in the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is no longer behind the Zyxel Device and therefore can run any
Internet applications such as video conferencing and Internet gaming without restrictions. This,
however, may pose a security threat to the Zyxel Device.
Table 80 Port Triggering: Configuration Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select Enable or Disable to activate or deactivate the rule.
Service Name Enter a name to identify this rule using keyboard characters (A-Z, a-z, 1-2 and so on).
WAN Interface Select a WAN interface for which you want to configure port triggering rules.
Trigger Start Port The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the Zyxel Device to record
the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
Trigger End Port Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.
Trigger Protocol Select the transport layer protocol from TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.
Open Start Port The open port is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a
particular service. The Zyxel Device forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the
client computer on the LAN that requested the service.
Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
Open End Port Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.
Open Protocol Select the transport layer protocol from TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
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Note: Use an IPv4 address for the DMZ server.
Note: Enter the IP address of the default server in the Default Server Address field, and click
Apply to active the DMZ host. Otherwise, clear the IP address in the Default Server
Address field, and click Apply to deactivate the DMZ host.
Figure 139 Network Setting > NAT > DMZ
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
11.5 The ALG Screen
Application Layer Gateway (ALG) allows customized NAT traversal filters to support address and port
translation for certain applications such as File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), or
file transfer in Instant Messaging (IM) applications. It allows SIP calls to pass through the Zyxel Device.
When the Zyxel Device registers with the SIP register server, the SIP ALG translates the Zyxel Device’s
private IP address inside the SIP data stream to a public IP address. You do not need to use STUN or an
outbound proxy if your Zyxel Device is behind a SIP ALG.
Use this screen to enable and disable the NAT and SIP (VoIP) ALG in the Zyxel Device. To access this
screen, click Network Setting > NAT > ALG.
Table 81 Network Setting > NAT > DMZ
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Default Server
Address
Enter the IP address of the default server which receives packets from ports that are not
specified in the NAT Port Forwarding screen.
Note: If you do not assign a Default Server Address, the Zyxel Device discards all
packets received for ports that are not specified in the NAT Port Forwarding
screen.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
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Figure 140 Network Setting > NAT > ALG
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
11.6 The Address Mapping Screen
Address mapping can map local IP Addresses to global IP addresses. Ordering your rules is important
because the Zyxel Device applies the rules in the order that you specify. When a rule matches the
current packet, the Zyxel Device takes the corresponding action and the remaining rules are ignored.
Click Network Setting > NAT > Address Mapping to display the following screen.
Figure 141 Network Setting > NAT > Address Mapping
Table 82 Network Setting > NAT > ALG
LABEL DESCRIPTION
NAT ALG Enable this to make sure applications such as FTP and file transfer in IM applications work
correctly with port-forwarding and address-mapping rules.
SIP ALG Enable this to make sure SIP (VoIP) works correctly with port-forwarding and address-mapping
rules.
RTSP ALG Enable this to have the Zyxel Device detect RTSP traffic and help build RTSP sessions through its
NAT. The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia
on the Internet.
PPTP ALG Enable this to turn on the PPTP ALG on the VMG to detect PPTP traffic and help build PPTP
sessions through the Zyxel Device’s NAT.
IPSEC ALG Enable this to turn on the IPsec ALG on the VMG to detect IPsec traffic and help build IPsec
sessions through the Zyxel Device’s NAT.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
11.6.1 Add/Edit Address Mapping Rule
To add or edit an address mapping rule, click Add new rule or the rule’s edit icon in the Address
Mapping screen to display the screen shown next. Specify the NAT mapping type, the local and global
IP address(es), and a WAN interface in this screen.
Table 83 Network Setting > NAT > Address Mapping
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New Rule Click this to create a new rule.
Rule Name This is the name of the rule.
Local Start IP This is the starting Inside Local IP Address (ILA).
Local End IP This is the ending Inside Local IP Address (ILA). If the rule is for all local IP addresses, then this field
displays 0.0.0.0 as the Local Start IP address and 255.255.255.255 as the Local End IP address. This
field is blank for One-to-One mapping types.
Global Start IP This is the starting Inside Global IP Address (IGA). Enter 0.0.0.0 here if you have a dynamic IP
address from your ISP. You can only do this for the Many-to-One mapping type.
Global End IP This is the ending Inside Global IP Address (IGA). This field is blank for One-to-One and Many-to-
One mapping types.
Type This is the address mapping type.
One-to-One: This mode maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Note that port
numbers do not change for the One-to-one NAT mapping type.
Many-to-One: This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address. This is
equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), the Zyxel Device's Single User Account
feature that previous routers supported only.
Many-to-Many: This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses.
Wan Interface
Name
This is the WAN interface to which the address mapping rule applies.
Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the address mapping rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing address mapping rule. Note that subsequent address
mapping rules move up by one when you take this action.
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Figure 142 Address Mapping: Add/Edit
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
11.7 The NAT Sessions Screen
Use this screen to limit the number of concurrent NAT sessions a client can use, to ensure that no single
client uses up too many available NAT sessions. Some applications, such as P2P file sharing, demand a
Table 84 Address Mapping: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Rule Name Type up to 20 alphanumeric characters for the name of this rule.
Type Choose the IP/port mapping type from one of the following.
One-to-One: This mode maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Note that port
numbers do not change for the One-to-one NAT mapping type.
Many-to-One: This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address. This is
equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), the Zyxel Device's Single User Account
feature that previous routers supported only.
Many-to-Many: This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses.
Local Start IP Enter the starting Inside Local IP Address (ILA).
Local End IP Enter the ending Inside Local IP Address (ILA). If the rule is for all local IP addresses, then this field
displays 0.0.0.0 as the Local Start IP address and 255.255.255.255 as the Local End IP address. This
field is blank for One-to-One mapping types.
Global Start IP Enter the starting Inside Global IP Address (IGA). Enter 0.0.0.0 here if you have a dynamic IP
address from your ISP. You can only do this for the Many-to-One mapping type.
Global End IP Enter the ending Inside Global IP Address (IGA). This field is blank for One-to-One and Many-to-
One mapping types.
WAN Interface Select a WAN interface to which the address mapping rule applies.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
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greater number of NAT sessions in order to get a better uploading and downloading rate. Click Network
Setting > NAT > Sessions to display the following screen.
Note: Enter a number of concurrent NAT sessions in the MAX NAT Session Per Host field, and
click Apply to limit the number of concurrent NAT sessions a client can use. Otherwise,
clear the number in the MAX NAT Session Per Host field. Click Apply and there's no limit
for concurrent NAT sessions a client can use.
Figure 143 Network Setting > NAT > Sessions
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
11.8 Technical Reference
This part contains more information regarding NAT.
11.8.1 NAT Definitions
Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the Zyxel Device, for example, the computers
of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts.
Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for example,
the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the
global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side.
Note that inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP address of a
host used in a packet. Thus, an inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in a packet
Table 85 Network Setting > NAT > Sessions
LABEL DESCRIPTION
MAX NAT
Session Per Host
(0 ~ 20480)
Use this field to set a limit to the number of concurrent NAT sessions each client host can have.
If only a few clients use peer to peer applications, you can raise this number to improve their
performance. With heavy peer-to-peer application use, lower this number to ensure no single
client uses too many of the available NAT sessions.
Cancel Click this to exit this screen without saving any changes.
Apply Click this to save your changes on this screen.
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when the packet is still in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP address of the
same inside host when the packet is on the WAN side. The following table summarizes this information.
NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host.
11.8.2 What NAT Does
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the
inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN
side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address)
back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note that the IP address
(either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.
The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In
addition, you can designate servers, for example, a web server and a telnet server, on your local
network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers (for Many-to-
One and Many-to-Many Overload mapping), NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall protection.
With no servers defined, your Zyxel Device filters out all incoming inquiries, thus preventing intruders from
probing your network. For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network
Address Translator (NAT).
Table 86 NAT Definitions
ITEM DESCRIPTION
Inside This refers to the host on the LAN.
Outside This refers to the host on the WAN.
Local This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the LAN.
Global This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the WAN.
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11.8.3 How NAT Works
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets,
the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global Address) is
the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination address on the LAN,
and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally
unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source
address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers for Many-to-One and Many-to-Many Overload NAT
mapping) in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The Zyxel Device keeps track of the
original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored.
The following figure illustrates this.
Figure 144 How NAT Works
11.8.4 NAT Application
The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application, where three inside LANs (logical LANs using IP
alias) behind the Zyxel Device can communicate with three distinct WAN networks.
DSL
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Figure 145 NAT Application With IP Alias
Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers
The most often used port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further
information about port numbers. Please also refer to the Supporting CD for more examples and details
on port forwarding and NAT.
Table 87 Services and Port Numbers
SERVICES PORT NUMBER
ECHO 7
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 21
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 25
DNS (Domain Name System) 53
Finger 79
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer protocol or WWW, Web) 80
POP3 (Post Office Protocol) 110
NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol) 119
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) 161
SNMP trap 162
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) 1723
DSL
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Port Forwarding Example
Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to
another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the
example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network
appears as a single host on the Internet.
Figure 146 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
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IP Address assigned by ISP
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CHAPTER 12
Dynamic DNS Setup
12.1 DNS Overview
DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice
versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a
machine before you can access it.
In addition to the system DNS server(s), each WAN interface (service) is set to have its own static or
dynamic DNS server list. You can configure a DNS static route to forward DNS queries for certain domain
names through a specific WAN interface to its DNS server(s). The Zyxel Device uses a system DNS server
(in the order you specify in the Broadband screen) to resolve domain names that do not match any DNS
routing entry. After the Zyxel Device receives a DNS reply from a DNS server, it creates a new entry for
the resolved IP address in the routing table.
Dynamic DNS
Dynamic DNS allows you to use a dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that
anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web
site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name
of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you
reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP
address.
You first need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a
dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a domain name. The Dynamic DNS
service provider will give you a password or key.
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the DNS Entry screen to view, configure, or remove DNS routes (Section 12.2 on page 242).
• Use the Dynamic DNS screen to enable DDNS and configure the DDNS settings on the Zyxel Device
(Section 12.3 on page 243).
12.1.2 What You Need To Know
DYNDNS Wildcard
Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP
address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example,
www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname.
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If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS.
12.2 The DNS Entry Screen
DNS (Domain Name System) is used for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and
vice versa. Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes on the Zyxel Device. Click Network Setting >
DNS to open the DNS Entry screen.
Note: The host name should consist of the host’s local name and the domain name. For
example, Mycomputer.home is a host name where Mycomputer is the host’s local
name, and .home is the domain name.
Figure 147 Network Setting > DNS > DNS Entry
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
12.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Entry
You can manually add or edit the Zyxel Device’s DNS name and IP address entry. Click Add New DNS
Entry in the DNS Entry screen or the Edit icon next to the entry you want to edit. The screen shown next
appears.
Table 88 Network Setting > DNS > DNS Entry
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New DNS
Entry
Click this to create a new DNS entry.
#This is the index number of the entry.
Hostname This indicates the host name or domain name.
IP Address This indicates the IP address assigned to this computer.
Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.
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Figure 148 DNS Entry: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
12.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen
Dynamic DNS can update your current dynamic IP address mapping to a hostname. Use this screen to
configure a DDNS service provider on your Zyxel Device. Click Network Setting > DNS > Dynamic DNS.
The screen appears as shown.
Figure 149 Network Setting > DNS > Dynamic DNS
Table 89 DNS Entry: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Host Name Enter the host name of the DNS entry.
IP Address Enter the IP address of the DNS entry.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 90 Network Setting > DNS > > Dynamic DNS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Dynamic DNS Setup
Dynamic DNS Select Enable to use dynamic DNS.
Service Provider Select your Dynamic DNS service provider from the drop-down list box.
Host Name Type the domain name assigned to your Zyxel Device by your Dynamic DNS provider.
Username Type your user name.
Password Type the password assigned to you.
Enable Wildcard
Option Select the check box to enable DynDNS Wildcard.
Enable Off Line
Option (Only
applies to custom
DNS)
Check with your Dynamic DNS service provider to have traffic redirected to a URL (that
you can specify) while you are off line.
Dynamic DNS Status
User
Authentication
Result
This shows Success if the account is correctly set up with the Dynamic DNS provider
account.
Last Updated Time This shows the last time the IP address the Dynamic DNS provider has associated with the
hostname was updated.
Current Dynamic
IP This shows the IP address your Dynamic DNS provider has currently associated with the
hostname.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
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CHAPTER 13
IGMP/MLD
13.1 IGMP/MLD Overview
Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network defined by multicast groups.
Membership to these multicast groups are established using IGMP/MLD.
Use the IGMP/MLD screen to configure IGMP/MLD group settings.
13.1.1 What You Need To Know
Multicast and IGMP
See Multicast on page 142 for more information.
Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD)
The Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol (defined in RFC 2710) is derived from IPv4's Internet
Group Management Protocol version 2 (IGMPv2). MLD uses ICMPv6 message types, rather
than IGMP message types. MLDv1 is equivalent to IGMPv2 and MLDv2 is equivalent to IGMPv3.
• MLD allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover the presence of MLD hosts who wish to receive
multicast packets and the IP addresses of multicast groups the hosts want to join on its network.
• MLD snooping and MLD proxy are analogous to IGMP snooping and IGMP proxy in IPv4.
• MLD filtering controls which multicast groups a port can join.
• An MLD Report message is equivalent to an IGMP Report message, and a MLD Done message is
equivalent to an IGMP Leave message.
IGMP Fast Leave
When a host leaves a multicast group (224.1.1.1), it sends an IGMP leave message to inform all routers
(224.0.0.2) in the multicast group. When a router receives the leave message, it sends a specific query
message to all multicast group (224.1.1.1) members to check if any other hosts are still in the group. Then
the router deletes the host’s information.
With the IGMP fast leave feature enabled, the router removes the host’s information from the group
member list once it receives a leave message from a host and the fast leave timer expires.
13.2 The IGMP/MLD Screen
Use this screen to configure multicast groups that the Zyxel Device manages through IGMP/MLD
settings. To open this screen, click Network Setting > IGMP/MLD.
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Figure 150 Network Setting > IGMP/MLD
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 91 Network Setting > IGMP/MLD
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IGMP/MLD Configuration
Default Version Enter the version of IGMP (1~3) and MLD (1~2) that you want the Zyxel Device to use on the
WAN.
Query Interval Enter the number of seconds the Zyxel Device sends a query message to hosts to get the group
membership information.
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Query Response
Interval
Enter the maximum number of seconds the Zyxel Device can wait for receiving a General Query
message. Multicast routers use general queries to learn which multicast groups have members.
Last Member
Query Interval
Enter the maximum number of seconds the Zyxel Device can wait for receiving a response to a
Group-Specific Query message. Multicast routers use group-specific queries to learn whether
any member remains in a specific multicast group.
Robustness
Value
Enter the number of times (1~7) the Zyxel Device can resend a packet if packet loss occurs due
to network congestion.
Maximum
Multicast
Groups
Enter a number to limit the number of multicast groups an interface on the Zyxel Device is
allowed to join. Once a multicast member is registered in the specified number of multicast
groups, any new IGMP or MLD join report frames are dropped by the interface.
Maximum
Multicast Data
Sources(for
IGMPv3)
Enter a number to limit the number of multicast data sources (1-24) a multicast group is allowed
to have.
Note: The setting only works for IGMPv3 and MLDv2.
Maximum
Multicast Group
Members
Enter a number to limit the number of multicast members a multicast group can have.
Fast Leave
Enable
Select this option to set the Zyxel Device to remove a port from the multicast tree immediately
(without sending an IGMP or MLD membership query message) once it receives an IGMP or MLD
leave message. This is helpful if a user wants to quickly change a TV channel (multicast group
change) especially for IPTV applications.
LAN to LAN
(Intra LAN)
Multicast Enable
Select this to enable LAN to LAN IGMP snooping capability.
Membership
Join Immediate
(IPTV)
Select this to have the Zyxel Device add a host to a multicast group immediately once the Zyxel
Device receives an IGMP or MLD join message.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Zyxel Device.
Table 91 Network Setting > IGMP/MLD (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 14
Vlan Group
14.1 Overview
Traffic within a Local Area Network can be clustered into different VLAN groups despite being on one
physical network. Virtual LAN IDs are used to identify traffic from these different groups.
In the following example, the Zyxel Device (DSL) can use VLAN IDs (VID) 100 and 200 to identify Video-
on-Demand and IPTV traffic respectively coming from the two VoD and IPTV multicast servers. The Zyxel
Device (DSL) can also tag outgoing requests to these servers with these VLAN IDs.
Figure 151 VLAN Group Example
14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
Use these screens to group separate VLAN groups together to be treated as one VLAN group.
14.2 The Vlan Group Screen
Add a VLAN group and/or change their basic settings in the Vlan Group screen. The subnet and DHCP
settings of each group can be configured at the LAN Setup page. Click Network Setting > Vlan Group to
open the following screen.
Figure 152 Network Setting > Vlan Group
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
14.2.1 Add/Edit a VLAN Group
Click the Add New VLAN Group button in the Vlan Group screen to open the following screen. Use this
screen to create a new VLAN group.
Figure 153 Add/Edit VLAN Group
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 92 Network Setting > Vlan Group
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New VLAN
Group
Click this button to create a new VLAN group.
#This is the index number of the VLAN group.
Group Name This shows the descriptive name of the VLAN group.
VLAN ID This shows the unique ID number that identifies the VLAN group.
Interface This shows the LAN ports included in the VLAN group and if traffic leaving the port will be tagged
with the VLAN ID.
Modify Click the Edit icon to change an existing VLAN group setting or click the Delete icon to remove
the VLAN group.
Table 93 Add/Edit VLAN Group
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Group
Name
Enter a name to identify this group. You can enter up to 30 characters. You can use letters,
numbers, hyphens (-) and underscores (_). Spaces are not allowed.
VLAN ID Enter a unique ID number, from 1 to 4,094, to identify this VLAN group. Outgoing traffic is tagged
with this ID if TX Tagging is selected below.
LAN Select Include to add the associated LAN interface to this VLAN group.
Note: Select TX Tagging to tag outgoing traffic from the associated LAN port with the VLAN ID
number entered above.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Zyxel Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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CHAPTER 15
Interface Grouping
15.1 Interface Grouping Overview
By default, all LAN and WAN interfaces on the Zyxel Device are in the same group and can
communicate with each other. Create interface groups to have the Zyxel Device assign IP addresses in
different domains to different groups. Each group acts as an independent network on the Zyxel Device.
This lets devices connected to an interface group’s LAN interfaces communicate through the interface
group’s WAN or LAN interfaces but not other WAN or LAN interfaces.
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The Interface Grouping screens let you create multiple networks on the Zyxel Device (Section 15.2 on
page 250).
15.2 The Interface Grouping Screen
You can manually add a LAN interface to a new group. Alternatively, you can have the Zyxel Device
automatically add the incoming traffic and the LAN interface on which traffic is received to an
interface group when its DHCP Vendor ID option information matches one listed for the interface group.
Use the LAN screen to configure the private IP addresses the DHCP server on the Zyxel Device assigns to
the clients in the default and/or user-defined groups. If you set the Zyxel Device to assign IP addresses
based on the client’s DHCP Vendor ID option information, you must enable DHCP server and configure
LAN TCP/IP settings for both the default and user-defined groups. See Chapter 8 on page 177 for more
information.
In the following example, the client that sends packets with the DHCP Vendor ID option set to MSFT 5.0
(meaning it is a Windows 2000 DHCP client) is assigned the IP address 192.168.2.2 and uses the WAN
VDSL_PoE/ppp0.1 interface.
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Figure 154 Interface Grouping Application
You can use this screen to create new user-defined interface groups or modify existing ones. Interfaces
that do not belong to any user-defined group always belong to the default group.
Click Network Setting > Interface Grouping to open the following screen.
Figure 155 Network Setting > Interface Grouping
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 94 Network Setting > Interface Grouping
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New
Interface Group
Click this button to create a new interface group.
Group Name This shows the descriptive name of the group.
WAN Interface This shows the WAN interfaces in the group.
LAN Interfaces This shows the LAN interfaces in the group.
Criteria This shows the filtering criteria for the group.
Modify Click the Edit icon to modify an existing Interface group setting or click the Delete icon to
remove the Interface group.
Add Click this button to create a new group.
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15.2.1 Interface Group Configuration
Click the Add New Interface Group button in the Interface Grouping screen to open the following
screen. Use this screen to create a new interface group. If you want to automatically add LAN clients to
a WAN interface in the new group, add a DHCP vendor ID string. By configuring this, any DHCP client
request with the specified vendor ID (DHCP option 60) will be denied an IP address from the local DHCP
server.
Note: An interface can belong to only one group at a time.
Note: After configuring a vendor ID, reboot the client device attached to the Zyxel Device to
obtain an appropriate IP address.
Note: You can have up to 15 filter criteria.
Figure 156 Interface Group Configuration
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
15.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria
Click the Add button in the Interface Grouping Configuration screen to open the following screen. Use
this screen to automatically add clients to an interface group based on specified criteria. You can
choose to define a group based on a MAC address, a vendor ID (DHCP option 60), an Identity
Association Identifier (DHCP option 61), vendor specific information (DHCP option 125), or a VLAN
group.
Table 95 Interface Group Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Group Name Enter a name to identify this group. You can enter up to 30 characters. You can use letters,
numbers, hyphens (-) and underscores (_). Spaces are not allowed.
WAN Interfaces
used in the
grouping
Select the WAN interface this group uses. The group can have up to one PTM interface, up to
one ATM interface, up to one ETH interface, and and up to one WWAN interface.
Select None to not add a WAN interface to this group.
Selected LAN
Interfaces
Available LAN
Interfaces
Select one or more LAN interfaces (Ethernet LAN, HPNA or wireless LAN) in the Available LAN
Interfaces list and use the left arrow to move them to the Selected LAN Interfaces list to add the
interfaces to this group.
To remove a LAN or wireless LAN interface from the Selected LAN Interfaces, use the right-facing
arrow.
Automatically
Add Clients With
the following
DHCP Vendor
IDs
Click Add to identify LAN hosts to add to the interface group by criteria such as the type of the
hardware or firmware. See Section 15.2.2 on page 253 for more information.
#This shows the index number of the rule.
Filter Criteria This shows the filtering criteria. The LAN interface on which the matched traffic is received will
belong to this group automatically.
WildCard
Support
This shows if wildcard on DHCP option 60 is enabled.
Modify Click the Edit icon to change the group setting
Click the Delete icon to delete this group from the Zyxel Device.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Zyxel Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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Figure 157 Interface Grouping Criteria
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 96 Interface Grouping Criteria
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Source MAC
Address
Enter the source MAC address of the packet.
DHCP Option 60 Select this option and enter the Vendor Class Identifier (Option 60) of the matched traffic, such
as the type of the hardware or firmware.
Enable
wildcard Select this option to be able to use wildcards in the Vendor Class Identifier configured for DHCP
option 60.
DHCP Option 61 Select this and enter the device identity of the matched traffic.
Enter the Identity Association Identifier (IAID) of the device, for example, the WAN connection
index number.
DHCP Option
125
Select this and enter vendor specific information of the matched traffic.
Enterprise
Number Enter the vendor’s 32-bit enterprise number registered with the IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority).
Manufactur
er OUI Specify the vendor’s OUI (Organization Unique Identifier). It is usually the first three bytes of the
MAC address.
Serial
Number Enter the serial number of the device.
Product
Class Enter the product class of the device.
VLAN Group Select this and the VLAN group of the matched traffic from the drop-down list box. A VLAN
group can be configured in Network Setting > Vlan Group.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Zyxel Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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CHAPTER 16
USB Service
16.1 USB Service Overview
You can share files on a USB memory stick or hard drive connected to your Zyxel Device with users on
your network.
The following figure is an overview of the Zyxel Device’s file server feature. Computers A and B can
access files on a USB device (C) which is connected to the Zyxel Device.
Figure 158 File Sharing Overview
The Zyxel Device will not be able to join the workgroup if your local area network has restrictions
set up that do not allow devices to join a workgroup. In this case, contact your network
administrator.
16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the File Sharing screen to enable file-sharing server (Section 16.1.3 on page 256).
• Use the Media Server screen to enable or disable the sharing of media files (Section 16.3 on page
259).
16.1.2 What You Need To Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.
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16.1.2.1 About File Sharing
Workgroup name
This is the name given to a set of computers that are connected on a network and share resources such
as a printer or files. Windows automatically assigns the workgroup name when you set up a network.
Shares
When settings are set to default, each USB device connected to the Zyxel Device is given a folder,
called a “share”. If a USB hard drive connected to the Zyxel Device has more than one partition, then
each partition will be allocated a share. You can also configure a “share” to be a sub-folder or file on
the USB device.
File Systems
A file system is a way of storing and organizing files on your hard drive and storage device. Often
different operating systems such as Windows or Linux have different file systems. The file sharing feature
on your Zyxel Device supports File Allocation Table (FAT) and FAT32.
Common Internet File System
The Zyxel Device uses Common Internet File System (CIFS) protocol for its file sharing functions. CIFS
compatible computers can access the USB file storage devices connected to the Zyxel Device. CIFS
protocol is supported on Microsoft Windows, Linux Samba and other operating systems (refer to your
systems specifications for CIFS compatibility).
16.1.3 Before You Begin
Make sure the Zyxel Device is connected to your network and turned on.
1Connect the USB device to one of the Zyxel Device’s USB port. Make sure the Zyxel Device is connected
to your network.
2The Zyxel Device detects the USB device and makes its contents available for browsing. If you are
connecting a USB hard drive that comes with an external power supply, make sure it is connected to an
appropriate power source that is on.
Note: If your USB device cannot be detected by the Zyxel Device, see the troubleshooting for
suggestions.
16.2 The File Sharing Screen
Use this screen to set up file sharing through the Zyxel Device. The Zyxel Device’s LAN users can access
the shared folder (or share) from the USB device inserted in the Zyxel Device. To access this screen, click
Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing.
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Figure 159 Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing
Note: Share Directory List field appears when you connect a USB device to the USB port.
Otherwise, it doesn’t.
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 97 Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Information
Volume This is the volume name the Zyxel Device gives to an inserted USB device.
Capacity This is the total available memory size (in megabytes) on the USB device.
Used Space This is the memory size (in megabytes) already used on the USB device.
Server Configuration
File Sharing
Services
Click this switch to enable or disable file sharing through the Zyxel Device. When the switch goes
to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Share Directory List
Add New Share Click this to set up a new share on the Zyxel Device.
Active Select this to allow the share to be accessed.
Status This field shows the status of the share
: The share is not activated.
: The share is activated.
Share Name This field displays the share name on the GPON Device.
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16.2.1 The Add New Share Screen
Use this screen to set up a new share or edit an existing share on the Zyxel Device. Click Add new share
in the File Sharing screen or click the Edit icon next to an existing share.
Please note that you need to set up your shares in the USB before enabling file sharing in the Zyxel
Device. Also, spaces and the following special characters listed in the brackets ["`<>^$|&;\/:*?'] are not
allowed for the USB share name.
Figure 160 Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing > Add New Sharer
Share Path This field displays the path for the share directories (folders) on the GPON Device. These are the
directories (folders) on your USB storage device.
Share
Description
This field displays information about the share.
Modify Click the Edit icon to change the settings of an existing share.
Click the Delete icon to delete this share in the list.
Account Management
Add New User Click this button to create a user account to access the secured shares. This button redirects you
to Maintenance > User Account.
Status This field shows the status of the user.
: The user account is not activated for the share.
: The user account is activated for the share.
User Name This is the name of a user who is allowed to access the secured shares on the USB device.
Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Apply Click this to save your changes to the Zyxel Device.
Table 97 Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this menu.
16.2.2 The Add New User Screen
Once you click the Add New User button, you’ll be directed to the User Account screen. To create a
user account that can access the secured shares on the USB device, click the Add New Account button
in the Network Setting > Maintenance > User Account screen.
Please see Chapter 34 on page 342, for detailed information about User Account screen.
16.3 The Media Server Screen
The media server feature lets anyone on your network play video, music, and photos from the USB
storage device connected to your Zyxel Device without having to copy them to another computer. The
Zyxel Device can function as a DLNA-compliant media server, where the Zyxel Device streams files to
DLNA-compliant media clients like Windows Media Player. The Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) is a
group of personal computer and electronics companies that works to make products compatible in a
home network.
The Zyxel Device media server enables you to:
• Publish all shares for everyone to play media files in the USB storage device connected to the Zyxel
Device.
• Use hardware-based media clients like the DMA-2500 to play the files.
Note: Anyone on your network can play the media files in the published shares. No user name
and password or other form of security is used. The media server is enabled by default
with the video, photo, and music shares published.
Table 98 Network Setting > USB Service > Media Server
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Volume Select the volume in the USB storage device that you want to add as a share in the Zyxel
Device.
This field is read-only when you are editing the share.
Share Path Manually enter the file path for the share, or click the Browse button and select the folder that
you want to add as a share.
This field is read-only when you are editing the share.
Description You can either enter a short description of the share, or leave this field blank.
Access Level Select Public if you want the share to be accessed by users connecting to the Zyxel Device.
Otherwise, select Security.
Allowed If Security is selected in the Access Level field, select this check box to allow/prohibit access to
the share.
User Name This field specifies the user for which the Allowed setting applies. Users can be added or
modified in Maintenance > User Account.
Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous screen.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
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To change your Zyxel Device’s media server settings, click Network Setting > USB Service > Media Server.
The screen appears as shown.
Figure 161 Network Setting > USB Service > Media Server
The following table describes the labels in this menu.
Table 99 Network Setting > USB Service > Media Server
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Media Server Click this switch to have the Zyxel Device function as a DLNA-compliant media server. When the
switch goes to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Enable the media server to let (DLNA-compliant) media clients on your network play media files
located in the shares.
Interface Select an interface on which you want to enable the media server function. An interface can
be added or modified in Network Setting > Interface Grouping.
Media Library
Path
Enter the path clients use to access the media files on a USB storage device connected to the
Zyxel Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
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CHAPTER 17
Home Connectivity
17.1 Home Connectivity Overview
ONE Connect complies with the IEEE 1905.1 standard to allow auto-detection and auto-configuration of
compatible Zyxel Devices in a wireless network using the Multy Pro App without Zyxel MESH. You can
check what Zyxel Devices are in the wireless network, do speed tests, turn on or turn off Zyxel Devices,
block or allow access to the wireless network, and set up a guest WiFi network.
If your wireless router supports Zyxel One Connect, the Zyxel Device for example, you can download
and install the Multy Pro App in your mobile device.
To let the Multy Pro App detect the Zyxel Device, the following conditions must be met:
• The mobile device with the App installed must be connected to the Zyxel Device wirelessly.
• One Connect is enabled in this screen.
Figure 162 Multy Pro App
17.2 The Home Connectivity Screen
Use this screen to enable or disable One Connect on the Zyxel Device, so you can manage the Zyxel
Device using the Multy Pro App. Zyxel One Connect eliminates the hassle of configuring and managing
home networks. When the switch goes to the right , the function is enabled.
Note that when Zyxel MESH (Multy Pro) is enabled in the Network Setting > Wireless > MESH screen, One
Connect will be enabled and grayed out automatically. To disable One Connect, please deactivate
Multy pro in the Network Setting > Wireless > MESH screen.
Click Network Setting > Home Connectivity to open the following screen.
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Figure 163 Network Setting > Home Connectivity
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CHAPTER 18
Firewall
18.1 Firewall Overview
This chapter shows you how to enable and configure the Zyxel Device’s security settings. Use the firewall
to protect your Zyxel Device and network from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control access to
it. By default the firewall:
• allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all other networks.
• blocks traffic that originates on other networks from going to the LAN.
The following figure illustrates the default firewall action. User A can initiate an IM (Instant Messaging)
session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this session is also allowed (2). However other traffic
initiated from the WAN is blocked (3 and 4).
Figure 164 Default Firewall Action
18.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the General screen to configure the security level of the firewall on the Zyxel Device (Section 18.2
on page 264).
• Use the Protocol screen to add or remove predefined Internet services and configure firewall rules
(Section 18.3 on page 265).
• Use the Access Control screen to view and configure incoming/outgoing filtering rules (Section 18.4
on page 267).
• Use the DoS screen to activate protection against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks (.Section 18.5 on
page 270).
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18.1.2 What You Need to Know
SYN Attack
A SYN attack floods a targeted system with a series of SYN packets. Each packet causes the targeted
system to issue a SYN-ACK response. While the targeted system waits for the ACK that follows the SYN-
ACK, it queues up all outstanding SYN-ACK responses on a backlog queue. SYN-ACKs are moved off the
queue only when an ACK comes back or when an internal timer terminates the three-way handshake.
Once the queue is full, the system will ignore all incoming SYN requests, making the system unavailable
for legitimate users.
DoS
Denials of Service (DoS) attacks are aimed at devices and networks with a connection to the Internet.
Their goal is not to steal information, but to disable a device or network so users no longer have access
to network resources. The Zyxel Device is pre-configured to automatically detect and thwart all known
DoS attacks.
DDoS
A DDoS attack is one in which multiple compromised systems attack a single target, thereby causing
denial of service for users of the targeted system.
LAND Attack
In a LAND attack, hackers flood SYN packets into the network with a spoofed source IP address of the
target system. This makes it appear as if the host computer sent the packets to itself, making the system
unavailable while the target system tries to respond to itself.
Ping of Death
Ping of Death uses a "ping" utility to create and send an IP packet that exceeds the maximum 65,536
bytes of data allowed by the IP specification. This may cause systems to crash, hang or reboot.
SPI
Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) tracks each connection crossing the firewall and makes sure it is valid.
Filtering decisions are based not only on rules but also context. For example, traffic from the WAN may
only be allowed to cross the firewall in response to a request from the LAN.
18.2 The Firewall Screen
Use this screen to set the security level of the firewall on the Zyxel Device. Firewall rules are grouped
based on the direction of travel of packets to which they apply. A higher firewall level means more
restrictions on the Internet activities you can perform.
Note: LAN to WAN is your access to all Internet services. WAN to LAN is the access of other
computers on the Internet to devices behind the Zyxel Device.
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Note: When the security level is set to High, access to Telnet, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, IMAP,
POP3, SMTP, and IPv6 Ping are still allowed from the LAN.
Click Security > Firewall to display the General screen.
Figure 165 Security > Firewall > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
18.3 The Protocol Screen
You can configure customized services and port numbers in the Protocol screen. Each set of protocol
rules listed in the table are reusable objects to be used in conjunction with ACL rules in the Access
Control screen. For a comprehensive list of port numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned
Number Authority) website. See Appendix D on page 406 for some examples.
Note: Removing a protocol rule will also remove associated ACL rules.
Click Security > Firewall > Protocol to display the following screen.
Table 100 Security > Firewall > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Firewall Select Enable to activate the firewall feature on the Zyxel Device.
Low Select Low to allow LAN to WAN and WAN to LAN packet directions.
Medium Select Medi u m to allow LAN to WAN but deny WAN to LAN packet directions.
High Select High to deny LAN to WAN and WAN to LAN packet directions.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
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Figure 166 Security > Firewall > Protocol
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
18.3.1 Add New/Edit Protocol Entry
Use this screen to add a customized service rule that you can use in the firewall’s ACL rule configuration.
Click Add New Protocol Entry or the Edit icon next to an existing service in the Protocol screen to display
the following screen.
Figure 167 Protocol Entry: Add New/Edit
Table 101 Security > Firewall > Protocol
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New
Protocol Entry
Click this to add a new service.
Name This is the name of your customized service.
Description This is the description of your customized service.
Ports/Protocol
Number
This shows the IP protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP, or TCP/UDP) and the port number or range of ports
that defines your customized service. Other and the protocol number displays if the service uses
another IP protocol.
Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the entry.
Click the Delete icon to remove this entry.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
18.4 The Access Control Screen
Click Security > Firewall > Access Control to display the following screen. An Access Control List (ACL)
rule is a manually-defined rule that can accept, reject, or drop incoming or outgoing packets from your
network. This screen displays a list of the configured incoming or outgoing filtering rules.
Figure 168 Security > Firewall > Access Control
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 102 Security > Firewall > Protocol: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Service Name Enter a unique name (up to 32 printable English keyboard characters, including spaces) for your
customized port.
Description Enter a description for your customized port.
Protocol Choose the IP protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP, or Other) that defines your customized port from the
drop-down list box. Select Other to be able to enter a protocol number.
Protocol
Number
This field is displayed if you select Other as the protocol.
Enter the protocol number of your customized port.
Source Port This field is displayed if you select either the TCP or UDP protocol. You may set it to Any, Single, or
Range and enter the Port Number or range of Port Numbers for your source port.
Destination Port This field is displayed if you select either the TCP or UDP protocol. You may set it to Any, Single, or
Range and enter the Port Number or range of Port Numbers for your destination port..
ICMPv6type This field is displayed if you select the ICMPv6 protocol. From the drop-down menu, select which
type value you would like to use.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Table 103 Security > Firewall > Access Control
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New ACL
Rule
Click this to add a filter rule for incoming or outgoing IP traffic.
#This is the index number of the entry.
Name This displays the name of the rule.
Src IP This displays the source IP addresses to which this rule applies. Please note that a blank source
address is equivalent to Any.
Dst IP This displays the destination IP addresses to which this rule applies. Please note that a blank
destination address is equivalent to Any.
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18.4.1 Add/Edit an ACL Rule
Click Add new ACL rule or the Edit icon next to an existing ACL rule in the Access Control screen. The
following screen displays. Use this screen to accept, reject, or drop packets based on specified
parameters, such as source and destination IP address, IP Type, service, and direction. You can also
specify a limit as to how many packets this rule applies to at a certain period of time or specify a
schedule for this rule.
Service This displays the transport layer protocol that defines the service and the direction of traffic to
which this rule applies.
Action This field displays whether the rule silently discards packets (DROP), discards packets and sends a
TCP reset packet or an ICMP destination-unreachable message to the sender (REJECT) or allows
the passage of packets (ACCEPT).
Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule. Note that subsequent rules move up by one
when you take this action.
Click the Move To icon to change the order of the rule. Enter the number in the # field.
Table 103 Security > Firewall > Access Control (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 169 Access Control: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 104 Access Control: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Filter Name Enter a descriptive name of up to 16 alphanumeric characters, not including spaces,
underscores, and dashes.
You must enter the filter name to add an ACL rule. This field is read-only if you are editing the
ACL rule.
Order Select the order of the ACL rule.
Select Source IP
Address
Select the source device to which the ACL rule applies. If you select Specific IP Address, enter
the source IP address in the field below.
Source IP
Address
Enter the source IP address.
Select
Destination
Device
Select the destination device to which the ACL rule applies. If you select Specific IP Address,
enter the destiniation IP address in the field below.
Destination IP
Address
Enter the destination IP address.
IP Type Select whether your IP type is IPv4 or IPv6.
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18.5 The DoS Screen
DoS (Denial of Service) attacks can flood your Internet connection with invalid packets and connection
requests, using so much bandwidth and so many resources that Internet access becomes unavailable.
Use the DoS screen to activate protection against DoS attacks. Click Security > Firewall > DoS to display
the following screen.
Select Service Select the transport layer protocol that defines your customized port from the drop-down list
box. The specific protocol rule sets you add in the Security > Firewall > Protocol > Add screen
display in this list.
If you want to configure a customized protocol, select Specific Service.
Protocol This field is displayed only when you select Specific Protocol in Select Service.
Choose the IP port (TCP/UDP, TCP, UDP, ICMP, or ICMPv6) that defines your customized port from
the drop-down list box.
Custom Source
Port
This field is displayed only when you select Specific Protocol in Select Service and have either
TCP or UDP in the Protocol field.
Enter a single port number or the range of port numbers of the source.
Custom
Destination Port
This field is displayed only when you select Specific Protocol in Select Service and have either
TCP or UDP in the Protocol field.
Enter a single port number or the range of port numbers of the destination.
TCP flag This field is displayed only when you select Specific Protocol in Select Service and have TCP in
the Protocol field.
Select one of the following TCP flags: SYN (Synchronize), ACK (Acknowledge), URG (Urgent), PSH
(Push), RST (Reset), or FIN (Finished).
Type This field is displayed only when you select Specific Protocol in Select Service and ICMPv6 in the
protocol field.
From the drop-down list box, select which ICMPv6 type you would like to use.
Policy Use the drop-down list box to select whether to discard (DROP), deny and send an ICMP
destination-unreachable message to the sender of (REJECT) or allow the passage of (ACCEPT)
packets that match this rule.
Direction Use the drop-down list box to select the direction of traffic to which this rule applies.
Enable Rate
Limit
Select this check box to set a limit on the upstream/downstream transmission rate for the
specified protocol.
Specify how many packets per minute or second the transmission rate is.
Scheduler Rules Select a schedule rule for this ACL rule form the drop-down list box. You can configure a new
schedule rule by click Add New Rule. This will bring you to the Security > Scheduler Rules screen.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Table 104 Access Control: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 170 Security > Firewall > DoS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 105 Security > Firewall > DoS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
DoS Protection
Blocking
Select Enable to enable protection against DoS attacks.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
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CHAPTER 19
MAC Filter
19.1 MAC Filter Overview
You can configure the Zyxel Device to permit access to clients based on their MAC addresses in the
MAC Filter screen. This applies to wired and wireless connections. Every Ethernet device has a unique
MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six
pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC addresses
of the LAN client to configure this screen.
19.2 The MAC Filter Screen
Enable MAC Address Filter and add the host name and MAC address of a LAN client to the table if you
wish to allow or deny them access to your network. Click Security > MAC Filter. The screen appears as
shown.
Figure 171 Security > MAC Filter
You can choose to enable or disable the filters per entry; make sure that the check box under Active is
selected if you want to use a filter, as shown in the example below.
Figure 172 Enabling individual MAC filters
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 106 Security > MAC Filter
LABEL DESCRIPTION
MAC Address Filter Select Enable to activate the MAC filter function.
MAC Restrict Mode Select Allow to only permit the listed MAC addresses access to the Zyxel Device. Select
Deny to permit anyone access to the Zyxel Device except the listed MAC addresses.
Add New Rule Click this button to create a new entry.
Set This is the index number of the MAC address.
Active Select Active to enable the MAC filter rule. The rule will not be applied if Allow is not
selected.
Host Name Enter the host name of the wireless or LAN clients that are allowed access to the Zyxel
Device.
MAC Address Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless or LAN clients that are allowed access to the Zyxel
Device in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that
is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
Delete Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
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CHAPTER 20
Parental Control
20.1 Parental Control Overview
Parental control allows you to limit the time a user can access the Internet and prevent users from
viewing inappropriate content or participating in specified online activities.
20.2 The Parental Control Screen
Use this screen to enable parental control and view parental control rules and schedules. You can limit
the time a user can access the Internet and prevent users from viewing inappropriate content or
participating in specified online activities. These rules are defined in a Parental Control Profile (PCP).
Note that You can’t configure parental control settings when One Connect is enabled in the Network
Setting > Home Connectivity screen. If you try to access the Security > Parental Control screen with One
Connect enabled, the following message will appear.
Figure 173 Cannot Use Parental Control
Disable One Connect in the Network Setting > Home Connectivity screen, then click Security > Parental
Control to open the following screen.
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Figure 174 Security > Parental Control
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
20.2.1 Add/Edit a Parental Control Profile
Click Add new PCP in the Parental Control screen to add a new rule or click the Edit icon next to an
existing rule to edit it. Use this screen to configure a restricted access schedule and/or URL filtering
settings to block the users on your network from accessing certain web sites.
Table 107 Security > Parental Control
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General
Parental Control Select Enable to activate parental control.
Parental Control Profile(PCP)
Add new PCP Click this if you want to configure a new Parental Control Profile (PCP).
#This shows the index number of the rule.
Status This indicates whether the rule is active or not.
A yellow bulb signifies that this rule is active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not active.
PCP Name This shows the name of the rule.
Home Network
User MAC
This shows the MAC address of the LAN user’s computer to which this rule applies.
Internet Access
Schedule
This shows the day(s) and time on which parental control is enabled.
Network Service This shows whether the network service is configured. If not, None will be shown.
Website Block This shows whether the website block is configured. If not, None will be shown.
Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
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Figure 175 Security > Parental Control > Add/Edit PCP (General, Rule List & Internet Access Schedule)
Figure 176 Security > Parental Control > Add/Edit PCP (Network Service & Site/URL Keyword)
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 108 Security > Parental Control >Add/Edit PCP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General
Active Select Enable or Disable to activate or deactivate the parental control rule.
Parental Control
Profile Name
Enter a descriptive name for the rule.
Home Network
User
Select the LAN user that you want to apply this rule to from the drop-down list box. If you select
Custom, enter the LAN user’s MAC address. If you select All, the rule applies to all LAN users.
Rule List In Home Network User, select Custom, enter the LAN user’s MAC address, then click the Add
icon to enter a computer MAC address for this PCP. Up to five are allowed. Click the Delete icon
to remove one.
Internet Access Schedule
Day Select check boxes for the days that you want the Zyxel Device to perform parental control.
Time Drag the time bar to define the time that the LAN user is allowed access (Authorized access) or
denied access (No access).
Add New
Service
Click this to add a new time bar. Up to three are allowed.
Network Service
Network Service
Setting
If you select Block, the Zyxel Device prohibits the users from viewing the Web sites with the URLs
listed below.
If you select Allow, the Zyxel Device blocks access to all URLs except ones listed below.
Add New
Service
Click this to show a screen in which you can add a new service rule. You can configure the
Service Name, Protocol, and Port of the new rule, as shown in Figure 178.
#This shows the index number of the rule.
Service Name This shows the name of the rule.
Protocol:Port This shows the protocol and the port of the rule.
Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.
Site/URL Keyword
Block or Allow
the Web Site
If you select Block the Web URLs, the Zyxel Device prohibits the users from viewing the Web sites
with the URLs listed below.
If you select Allow the Web URLs, the Zyxel Device blocks access to all URLs except ones listed
below.
Add Click Add to show a screen to enter the URL of web site or URL keyword to which the Zyxel
Device blocks or allows access.
#This shows the index number of the rule.
WebSite This shows the URL of web site or URL keyword to which the Zyxel Device blocks or allows access.
Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.
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Figure 178 Security > Parental Control > Add/Edit PCP > Add New Service
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Click Security > Parental Control > Add New PCP > Add to open the following screen.
Redirect
blocked site to
Zyxel Family
Safety page
Select this to redirect users who access any blocked websites listed above to the Zyxel Family
Safety page as shown next.
Figure 177 Zyxel Family Safety Page Example
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Table 109 Security > Parental Control > Add/Edit PCP > Add New Service
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New
Service
Select the name of the service from the drop-down list. Otherwise, select User Define and specify
the name, protocol, and port of the service.
If you have chosen a pre-defined service in the Service Name field, this field will not be
configurable.
Protocol Select the transport layer protocol used for the service. Choices are TCP, UDP, or TCP & UDP.
Port Enter the port of the service.
If you have chosen a pre-defined service in the Service Name field, this field will not be
configurable.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Table 108 Security > Parental Control >Add/Edit PCP (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Note: Do not include “HTTP” or “HTTPS” in the keyword. HTTPS connections cannot be blocked
by Parental Control.
Figure 179 Security > Parental Control > Add/Edit PCP > Add
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 110 Parental Control Rule: Add/Edit > Add Keyword
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Site/URL
Keyword
Enter a keyword and click OK to have the Zyxel Device block access to the website URLs that
contain the keyword.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
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CHAPTER 21
Scheduler Rule
21.1 Scheduler Rule Overview
A Scheduler Rule allows you to define time periods and days during which the Zyxel Device allows
certain actions.
21.2 The Scheduler Rule Screen
Use this screen to view, add, or edit time schedule rules. A scheduler rule is a reusable object that is
applied to other features, such as Firewall Access Control.
Click Security > Scheduler Rule to open the following screen.
Figure 180 Security > Scheduler Rule
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
21.2.1 Add/Edit a Schedule Rule
Click the Add New Rule button in the Scheduler Rule screen or click the Edit icon next to a schedule rule
to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure a restricted access schedule.
Table 111 Security > Scheduler Rule
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New Rule Click this to create a new rule.
#This is the index number of the entry.
Rule Name This shows the name of the rule.
Day This shows the day(s) on which this rule is enabled.
Time This shows the period of time on which this rule is enabled.
Description This shows the description of this rule.
Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the schedule.
Click the Delete icon to delete a scheduler rule.
Note: You cannot delete a scheduler rule once it is applied to a certain feature.
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Figure 181 Scheduler Rule: Add/Edit
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 112 Scheduler Rule: Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Rule Name Enter a name (up to 31 printable English keyboard characters, not including spaces) for this
schedule.
Day Select check boxes for the days that you want the Zyxel Device to perform this scheduler rule.
Time of Day
Range
Enter the time period of each day, in 24-hour format, during which the rule will be enforced.
Description Enter a description for this scheduler rule.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
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CHAPTER 22
Certificates
22.1 Certificates Overview
The Zyxel Device can use certificates (also called digital IDs) to authenticate users. Certificates are
based on public-private key pairs. A certificate contains the certificate owner’s identity and public key.
Certificates provide a way to exchange public keys for use in authentication.
22.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The Local Certificates screen lets you generate certification requests and import the Zyxel Device's
CA-signed certificates (Section 22.4 on page 285).
• The Truste d CA screen lets you save the certificates of trusted CAs to the Zyxel Device (Section 22.4 on
page 285).
22.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Certification Authority
A Certification Authority (CA) issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner.
There are commercial certification authorities like CyberTrust or VeriSign and government certification
authorities. The certification authority uses its private key to sign certificates. Anyone can then use the
certification authority's public key to verify the certificates. You can use the Zyxel Device to generate
certification requests that contain identifying information and public keys and then send the
certification requests to a certification authority.
22.3 The Local Certificates Screen
Click Security > Certificates to open the Local Certificates screen. Use this screen to view the Zyxel
Device’s summary list of certificates, generate certification requests, and import the signed certificates.
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Figure 182 Security > Certificates > Local Certificates
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
22.3.1 Create Certificate Request
Click Security > Certificates > Local Certificates and then Create Certificate Request to open the
following screen. Use this screen to have the Zyxel Device generate a certification request. To create a
certificate signing request, you need to enter a common name, organization name, state/province
name, and the two-letter country code for the certificate.
Table 113 Security > Certificates > Local Certificates
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Private Key is
protected by a
password
Select the checkbox and enter the private key into the text box to store it on the Zyxel Device.
The private key should not exceed 63 ASCII characters (not including spaces).
Choose File Click Browse to find the certificate file you want to upload.
Import Certificate Click this button to save the certificate that you have enrolled from a certification authority
from your computer to the Zyxel Device.
Create Certificate
Request
Click this button to go to the screen where you can have the Zyxel Device generate a
certification request.
Current File This field displays the name used to identify this certificate. It is recommended that you give
each certificate a unique name.
Subject This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s owner, such as CN (Common
Name), OU (Organizational Unit or department), O (Organization or company) and C
(Country). It is recommended that each certificate have unique subject information.
Issuer This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing certification authority,
such as a common name, organizational unit or department, organization or company and
country.
Valid From This field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable. The text displays in red
and includes a Not Yet Valid! message if the certificate has not yet become applicable.
Valid To This field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text displays in red and includes an
Expiring! or Expired! message if the certificate is about to expire or has already expired.
Modify Click the View icon to open a screen with an in-depth list of information about the certificate
(or certification request).
For a certification request, click Load Signed to import the signed certificate.
Click the Remove icon to delete the certificate (or certification request). You cannot delete a
certificate that one or more features is configured to use.
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Figure 183 Create Certificate Request
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
22.3.2 View Certificate Request
Click the View icon in the Local Certificates screen to open the following screen. Use this screen to view
in-depth information about the certificate request. The Certificate is used to verify the authenticity of the
certification authority. The Private Key serves as your digital signature for authentication and must be
safely stored.
Table 114 Create Certificate Request
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Certificate
Name
Type up to 63 ASCII characters (not including spaces) to identify this certificate.
Common Name Select Auto to have the Zyxel Device configure this field automatically. Or select Customize to
enter it manually.
Type the IP address (in dotted decimal notation), domain name or email address in the field
provided. The domain name or email address can be up to 63 ASCII characters. The domain
name or email address is for identification purposes only and can be any string.
Organization
Name
Type up to 63 characters to identify the company or group to which the certificate owner
belongs. You may use any character, including spaces, but the Zyxel Device drops trailing
spaces.
State/Province
Name
Type up to 32 characters to identify the state or province where the certificate owner is located.
You may use any character, including spaces, but the Zyxel Device drops trailing spaces.
Country/Region
Name
Select a country to identify the nation where the certificate owner is located.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
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Figure 184 Certificate Request: View
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
22.4 The Trusted CA Screen
Click Security > Certificates > Trusted CA to open the following screen. This screen displays a summary list
of certificates of the certification authorities that you have set the Zyxel Device to accept as trusted. The
Table 115 Certificate Request: View
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Name This field displays the identifying name of this certificate.
Type This field displays general information about the certificate. ca means that a Certification
Authority signed the certificate.
Subject This field displays information that identifies the owner of the certificate, such as Common Name
(CN), Organizational Unit (OU), Organization (O) and Country (C).
Certificate This read-only text box displays the certificate in Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses
base 64 to convert the binary certificate into a printable form.
You can copy and paste the certificate into an email to send to friends or colleagues or you can
copy and paste the certificate into a text editor and save the file on a management computer
for later distribution.
Private Key This field displays the private key of this certificate.
Signing Request This field displays the CSR (Certificate Signing Request) information of this certificate. The CSR will
be provided to a certificate authority, and it includes information about the public key,
organization name, domain name, location, and country of this certificate.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
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Zyxel Device accepts any valid certificate signed by a certification authority on this list as being
trustworthy; thus you do not need to import any certificate that is signed by one of these certification
authorities.
Note: You can have a maximum of 4 trusted certificates.
Figure 185 Security > Certificates > Trusted CA
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
22.4.1 View Trusted CA Certificate
Click the View icon in the Trusted CA screen to open the following screen. Use this screen to view in-
depth information about the certification authority’s certificate. The certificate text box is read-only and
can be distributed to others.
Table 116 Security > Certificates > Trusted CA
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Import
Certificate
Click this button to open a screen where you can save the certificate of a certification authority
that you trust to the Zyxel Device.
# This is the index number of the entry.
Name This field displays the name used to identify this certificate.
Subject This field displays information that identifies the owner of the certificate, such as Common Name
(CN), OU (Organizational Unit or department), Organization (O), State (ST) and Country (C). It is
recommended that each certificate have unique subject information.
Type This field displays general information about the certificate. ca means that a Certification
Authority signed the certificate.
Modify Click the View icon to open a screen with an in-depth list of information about the certificate (or
certification request).
Click the Remove button to delete the certificate (or certification request). You cannot delete a
certificate that one or more features is configured to use.
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Figure 186 Trusted CA: View
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
22.4.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate
Click the Import Certificate button in the Trusted CA screen to open the following screen. The Zyxel
Device trusts any valid certificate signed by any of the imported trusted CA certificates. Certificates
should be in one of the following formats: Binary X.509, PEM (base-64) encoded, Binary PKCS#7, or PEM
(base-64) encoded PKCS#7.
Figure 187 Trusted CA: Import Certificate
Table 117 Trusted CA: View
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Name This field displays the identifying name of this certificate.
This read-only text box displays the certificate in Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses
base 64 to convert the binary certificate into a printable form.
You can copy and paste the certificate into an email to send to friends or colleagues or you can
copy and paste the certificate into a text editor and save the file on a management computer
for later distribution (via floppy disk for example).
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 118 Trusted CA: Import Certificate
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Certificate File
Path
Click Choose File and select the certificate you want to upload.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
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CHAPTER 23
Voice
23.1 Voice Overview
You can make calls over the Internet using VoIP technology. For this, you first need to set up a SIP
account with a SIP service provider.
Use this chapter to:
• Connect an analog phone to the Zyxel Device.
• Configure settings such as speed dial.
• Configure network settings to optimize the voice quality of your phone calls.
23.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
These screens allow you to configure your Zyxel Device to make phone calls over the Internet and your
regular phone line, and to set up the phones you connect to the Zyxel Device.
• Use the SIP Account screen (Section 23.3 on page 290) to set up information about your SIP account,
control which SIP accounts the phones connected to the Zyxel Device use and configure audio
settings such as volume levels for the phones connected to the Zyxel Device.
• Use the SIP Service Provider screen (Section 23.4 on page 295) to configure the SIP server information,
QoS for VoIP calls, the numbers for certain phone functions, and dialing plan.
• Use the Region screen (Section 23.6 on page 302) to change settings that depend on the country you
are in.
• Use the Call Rule screen (Section 23.7 on page 303) to set up shortcuts for dialing frequently-used
(VoIP) phone numbers.
• Use the Call History screen (Section 23.8 on page 304) to view detailed information for each outgoing
call you made or each incoming call from someone calling you.
• Use the Call Summary screen (Section 23.9 on page 305) to view the summary list of received, dialed
and missed calls.
You don’t necessarily need to use all these screens to set up your account. In fact, if your service
provider did not supply information on a particular field in a screen, it is usually best to leave it at its
default setting.
23.1.2 What You Need to Know About VoIP
VoIP
VoIP stands for Voice over IP. IP is the Internet Protocol, which is the message-carrying standard the
Internet runs on. So, Voice over IP is the sending of voice signals (speech) over the Internet (or another
network that uses the Internet Protocol).
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SIP
SIP stands for Session Initiation Protocol. SIP is a signaling standard that lets one network device (like a
computer or the Zyxel Device) send messages to another. In VoIP, these messages are about phone
calls over the network. For example, when you dial a number on your Zyxel Device, it sends a SIP
message over the network asking the other device (the number you dialed) to take part in the call.
SIP Accounts
A SIP account is a type of VoIP account. It is an arrangement with a service provider that lets you make
phone calls over the Internet. When you set the Zyxel Device to use your SIP account to make calls, the
Zyxel Device is able to send all the information about the phone call to your service provider on the
Internet.
Strictly speaking, you don’t need a SIP account. It is possible for one SIP device (like the Zyxel Device) to
call another without involving a SIP service provider. However, the networking difficulties involved in
doing this make it tremendously impractical under normal circumstances. Your SIP account provider
removes these difficulties by taking care of the call routing and setup - figuring out how to get your call
to the right place in a way that you and the other person can talk to one another.
SIP Address
A SIP address is a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) that resembles an email address, using the format:
user@domain. It uniquely identifies a telephone extension over a VoIP system. A SIP address of 123-45-
67@voip-provider.net tells a client to connect to voip-provider.net and request a connection to 123-45-
67. While VoIP can only send voice messages over the Internet, SIP (though strictly speaking is a type of
VoIP) can send voice, data, video, and other media. VoIP phones also need to be connected to a
computer to function, whereas SIP phones only need to be connected to a modem.
How to Find Out More
See Chapter 4 on page 70 for a tutorial showing how to set up these screens in an example scenario.
See Section 23.10 on page 306 for advanced technical information on SIP.
23.2 Before You Begin
• Before you can use these screens, you need to have a VoIP account already set up. If you don’t
have one yet, you can sign up with a VoIP service provider over the Internet.
• You should have the information your VoIP service provider gave you ready, before you start to
configure the Zyxel Device.
23.3 The SIP Account Screen
The Zyxel Device uses a SIP account to make outgoing VoIP calls and check if an incoming call’s
destination number matches your SIP account’s VoIP number. In order to make or receive a VoIP call,
you need to enable and configure a SIP account and map it to a phone port. The SIP account contains
information that allows your Zyxel Device to connect to your VoIP service provider.
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See Section 23.3.1 on page 291 for how to map a SIP account to a phone port.
Use this screen to view SIP account information. You can also enable and disable each SIP account. To
access this screen, click VoIP > SIP > SIP Account.
Figure 188 VoIP > SIP > SIP Account
Each field is described in the following table.
23.3.1 The SIP Account Add/Edit Screen
Use this screen to configure a SIP account and map it to a phone port. To access this screen, click the
Add new account button or click the Edit icon of an entry in the VoIP > SIP > SIP Account screen.
Note: Click more to see all the fields in the screen. You don’t necessarily need to use all these
fields to set up your account. Click less to see and configure only the fields needed for
this feature.
Table 119 VoIP > SIP > SIP Account
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add new account Click this to configure a SIP account.
# This is the index number of the entry.
Enable This shows whether the SIP account is activated or not.
A yellow bulb signifies that this SIP account is activated. A gray bulb signifies that this SIP
account is not activated.
SIP Account This shows the name of the SIP account.
Service Provider This shows the name of the SIP service provider.
Account Number. This shows the SIP address.
Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the SIP account.
Click the Delete icon to delete this SIP account from the Zyxel Device.
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Figure 189 VoIP > SIP > SIP Account > Add new account/Edit
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Each field is described in the following table.
Table 120 VoIP > SIP > SIP Account > Add new account/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SIP Account Selection
SIP Account
Selection
This field displays ADD_NEW if you are creating a new SIP account or the SIP account
you are modifying.
SIP Service Provider Association
SIP Account
Associated with
Select the SIP service provider profile to use for the SIP account you are configuring
in this screen. This field is read-only when you are modifying a SIP account.
General
Enable SIP
Account
Select this if you want the Zyxel Device to use this account. Clear it if you do not
want the Zyxel Device to use this account.
SIP Account
Number
Enter your SIP address. In the full SIP URI, this is the part before the @ symbol. You can
use up to 127 printable ASCII characters.
Authentication
Username Enter the user name for registering this SIP account, exactly as it was given to you.
You can use up to 95 printable ASCII characters.
Password Enter the user name for registering this SIP account, exactly as it was given to you.
You can use up to 95 printable ASCII Extended set characters.
URL Type
URL Type Select whether or not to include the SIP service domain name when the Zyxel
Device sends the SIP address.
SIP - include the SIP service domain name.
TEL - do not include the SIP service domain name.
Voice Features
Primary
Compression Type
Secondary
Compression Type
Third Compression
Type
Select the type of voice coder/decoder (codec) that you want the Zyxel Device to
use.
G.711 provides high voice quality but requires more bandwidth (64 kbps). G.711 is
the default codec used by phone companies and digital handsets.
•G.711a is typically used in Europe.
•G.711u is typically used in North America and Japan.
G.726-24 operates at 24 kbps.
G.726-32 operates at 32 kbps.
G.722 is a 7 KHz wideband voice codec that operates at 48, 56 and 64 kbps. By using
a sample rate of 16 kHz, G.722 can provide higher fidelity and better audio quality
than narrowband codecs like G.711, in which the voice signal is sampled at 8 KHz.
The Zyxel Device must use the same codec as the peer. When two SIP devices start a
SIP session, they must agree on a codec.
Select the Zyxel Device’s first choice for voice coder/decoder.
Select the Zyxel Device’s second choice for voice coder/decoder. Select None if
you only want the Zyxel Device to accept the first choice.
Select the Zyxel Device’s third choice for voice coder/decoder. Select None if you
only want the Zyxel Device to accept the first or second choice.
Speaking Volume
Control
Select the loudness that the Zyxel Device uses for speech that it sends to the peer
device.
Listening Volume
Control
Select the loudness that the Zyxel Device uses for speech that it receives from the
peer device.
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Enable G.168
(Echo
Cancellation)
Select this if you want to eliminate the echo caused by the sound of your voice
reverberating in the telephone receiver while you talk.
Enable VAD
(Voice Active
Detector)
Select this if the Zyxel Device should stop transmitting when you are not speaking.
This reduces the bandwidth the Zyxel Device uses.
Call Features
Enable Call
Transfer
Select this to enable call transfer on the Zyxel Device. This allows you to transfer an
incoming call (that you have answered) to another phone.
Send Caller ID Select this if you want to send identification when you make VoIP phone calls. Clear
this if you do not want to send identification,
Enable Call
Waiting
Select this to enable call waiting on the Zyxel Device. This allows you to place a call
on hold while you answer another incoming call on the same telephone number.
Call Waiting
Reject Timer
Specify the time in seconds that the Zyxel Device waits before rejecting the second
call if you do not answer it.
Enable
Unconditional
Forward
Select this if you want the Zyxel Device to forward all incoming calls to the specified
phone number.
Specify the phone number in the To Number field on the right.
Enable Busy
Forward
Select this if you want the Zyxel Device to forward incoming calls to the specified
phone number if the phone port is busy.
Specify the phone number in the To Number field on the right.
If you have call waiting, the incoming call is forwarded to the specified phone
number if you reject or ignore the second incoming call.
Enable No Answer
Forward
Select this if you want the Zyxel Device to forward incoming calls to the specified
phone number if the call is unanswered. (See No Answer Time.)
Specify the phone number in the To Number field on the right.
No Answer Time This field is used by the Active No Answer Forward feature.
Enter the number of seconds the Zyxel Device should wait for you to answer an
incoming call before it considers the call unanswered.
Enable Do Not
Disturb
Select this to set your phone to not ring when someone calls you.
Active Incoming
Anonymous Call
Block
Select this if you do not want the phone to ring when someone tries to call you with
caller ID deactivated.
Enable MWI Select this if you want to hear a waiting (beeping) dial tone on your phone when
you have at least one voice message. Your VoIP service provider must support this
feature.
MWI Subscribe
Expiration Time
Keep the default value of this field unless your VoIP service provider tells you to
change it. Enter the number of seconds the SIP server should provide the message
waiting service each time the Zyxel Device subscribes to the service. Before this time
passes, the Zyxel Device automatically subscribes again.
Hot Line/ Warm
Line Number
Select this to enable the hot line or warm line feature on the Zyxel Device.
Hot Line Select this to have the Zyxel Device dial the specified hot line number immediately
when you pick up the telephone.
Warm Line Select this to have the Zyxel Device dial the specified warm line number after you
pick up the telephone and do not press any keys on the keypad for a period of time.
Hot Line / Warm
Line Number
Enter the number of the hot line or warm line that you want the Zyxel Device to dial.
Table 120 VoIP > SIP > SIP Account > Add new account/Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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23.4 The SIP Service Provider Screen
Use this screen to view the SIP service provider information on the Zyxel Device. A SIP provider offers
Internet call services using VoIP technology. You may need to consult your SIP service provider for the
following settings. Click VoIP > SIP > SIP Service Provider to open the following screen.
Figure 190 VoIP > SIP > SIP Service Provider
Each field is described in the following table.
Warm Line Timer Enter a number of seconds that the Zyxel Device waits before dialing the warm line
number if you pick up the telephone and do not press any keys on the keypad.
Enable Missed Call
Email Notification
Select this option to have the Zyxel Device email you a notification when there is a
missed call.
Mail Account Select a mail account for the email address specified below. If you select None
here, email notifications will not be sent via email.
You must have configured a mail account already in the Email Notification screen.
Send
Notification to
Email
Notifications are sent to the email address specified in this field. If this field is left
blank, notifications will not be sent via email.
Missed Call
Email Title Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the email notifications that the
Zyxel Device sends.
Early Media Select this if you want people to hear a customized recording when they call you.
IVR Play Index Select the tone you want people to hear when they call you.
This field is configurable only when you select Early Media. See Section 23.10 on
page 306 for information on how to record these tones.
Music On Hold
(MOH)
Select this to play a customized recording when you put people on hold.
IVR Play Index Select the tone to play when you put someone on hold.
This field is configurable only when you select Music on Hold, See Section 23.10 on
page 306 for information on how to record these tones.
Cancel Click this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value.
OK Click this to save your changes and to apply them to the Zyxel Device.
Table 120 VoIP > SIP > SIP Account > Add new account/Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 121 VoIP > SIP > SIP Service Provider
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New Provider Click this button to add a new SIP service provider.
# This is the index number of the entry.
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23.4.1 The SIP Service Provider Add/Edit Screen
Use this screen to configure a SIP service provider on the Zyxel Device. Click the Add New Provider
button or an Edit icon in the VoIP > SIP > SIP Service Provider to open the following screen.
Note: Click this () to see all the fields in the screen. You don’t necessarily need to use all
these fields to set up your account. Click again to see and configure only the fields
needed for this feature.
SIP Service
Provider Name
This shows the name of the SIP service provider.
SIP Proxy Server
Address
This shows the IP address or domain name of the SIP server.
REGISTER Server
Address
This shows the IP address or domain name of the SIP register server.
SIP Service
Domain
This shows the SIP service domain name.
Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the SIP service provider.
Click the Delete icon to delete this SIP service provider from the Zyxel Device.
Table 121 VoIP > SIP > SIP Service Provider (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 191 VoIP > SIP > SIP Service Provider > Add new provider/Edit
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Each field is described in the following table.
Table 122 VoIP > SIP > SIP Service Provider > Add new provider/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SIP Service Provider Selection
Service Provider
Selection
Select the SIP service provider profile you want to use for the SIP account you configure in this
screen. If you change this field, the screen automatically refreshes.
General
SIP Service
Provider
Select Enable SIP Service Provider to enable the SIP service provider.
SIP Service
Provider Name
Enter the name of your SIP service provider.
SIP Local Port Enter the Zyxel Device’s listening port number, if your VoIP service provider gave you one.
Otherwise, keep the default value.
SIP Proxy Server
Address
Enter the IP address or domain name of the SIP server provided by your VoIP service provider.
You can use up to 95 printable ASCII characters. It does not matter whether the SIP server is a
proxy, redirect or register server.
SIP Proxy Server
Port
Enter the SIP server’s listening port number, if your VoIP service provider gave you one.
Otherwise, keep the default value.
SIP REGISTRAR
Server Address
Enter the IP address or domain name of the SIP register server, if your VoIP service provider gave
you one. Otherwise, enter the same address you entered in the SIP Server Address field. You can
use up to 95 printable ASCII characters.
SIP REGISTRAR
Server Port
Enter the SIP register server’s listening port number, if your VoIP service provider gave you one.
Otherwise, enter the same port number you entered in the SIP Server Port field.
SIP Service
Domain
Enter the SIP service domain name. In the full SIP URI, this is the part after the @ symbol. You can
use up to 127 printable ASCII Extended set characters.
RFC Support
PRACK (RFC
3262, Require:
100rel)
PRACK (RFC 3262) defines a mechanism to provide reliable transmission of SIP provisional
response messages, which convey information on the processing progress of the request. This
uses the option tag 100rel and the Provisional Response ACKnowledgement (PRACK) method.
Select this to have the the peer device require the option tag 100rel to send provisional
responses reliably.
VoIP IOP Flags Select the VoIP inter-operability settings you want to activate.
Replace dial
digit ‘#’ to ‘%23’
in SIP messages
Replace a dial digit “#” with “%23” in the INVITE messages.
Remove the
‘Route’ header
in SIP messages
Remove the ‘Route’ header in SIP packets.
Bound Interface Name
Bound Interface
Name
If you select Any_WAN, the Zyxel Device automatically activates the VoIP service when any LAN
or WAN connection is up.
If you select Multi_WAN, you also need to select two or more pre-configured WAN interfaces.
The VoIP service is activated only when one of the selected WAN connections is up.
Outbound Proxy
Outbound Proxy
Address
Enter the IP address or domain name of the SIP outbound proxy server if your VoIP service
provider has a SIP outbound server to handle voice calls. This allows the Zyxel Device to work
with any type of NAT router and eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG. Turn off any SIP ALG
on a NAT router in front of the Zyxel Device to keep it from re-translating the IP address (since this
is already handled by the outbound proxy server).
Outbound Proxy
Port
Enter the SIP outbound proxy server’s listening port, if your VoIP service provider gave you one.
Otherwise, keep the default value.
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Use DHCP
Option 120 First
Select this to enable the SIP server via DHCP option 120.
RTP Port Range
Start Port
End Port
Enter the listening port number(s) for RTP traffic, if your VoIP service provider gave you this
information. Otherwise, keep the default values.
To enter one port number, enter the port number in the Start Port and End Port fields.
To enter a range of ports,
• enter the port number at the beginning of the range in the Start Port field.
• enter the port number at the end of the range in the End Port field.
SRTP Support
SRTP Support When you make a VoIP call using SIP, the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is used to handle
voice data transfer. The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP) is a security profile of RTP. It is
designed to provide encryption and authentication for the RTP data in both unicast and
multicast applications.
The Zyxel Device supports encryption using AES with a 128-bit key. To protect data integrity, SRTP
uses a Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) calculation with Secure Hash
Algorithm (SHA)-1 to authenticate data. HMAC SHA-1 produces a 80 or 32-bit authentication tag
that is appended to the packet.
Both the caller and callee should use the same algorithms to establish an SRTP session.
Crypto Suite Select the encryption and authentication algorithm set used by the Zyxel Device to set up an
SRTP media session with the peer device.
Select AES_CM_128_HMAC_SHA1_80 or AES_CM_128_HMAC_SHA1_32 to enable both data
encryption and authentication for voice data.
Select AES_CM_128_NULL to use 128-bit data encryption but disable data authentication.
Select NULL_CIPHER_HMAC_SHA1_80 to disable encryption but require authentication using the
default 80-bit tag.
DTMF Mode
DTMF Mode Control how the Zyxel Device handles the tones that your telephone makes when you push its
buttons. You should use the same mode your VoIP service provider uses.
RFC2833 - send the DTMF tones in RTP packets.
PCM - send the DTMF tones in the voice data stream. This method works best when you are using
a codec that does not use compression (like G.711). Codecs that use compression (like G.729
and G.726) can distort the tones.
SIP INFO - send the DTMF tones in SIP messages.
Transport Type
Transport Type Select the transport layer protocol UDP or TCP (usually UDP) used for SIP.
Ignore Direct IP Select Enable to have the connected CPE devices accept SIP requests only from the SIP proxy/
register server specified above. SIP requests sent from other IP addresses will be ignored.
FAX Option This field controls how the Zyxel Device handles fax messages.
G711 Fax
Passthrough
Select this if the Zyxel Device should use G.711 to send fax messages. You have to also select
which operating codec (G.711Mulaw or G.711Alaw) to use for encoding/decoding FAX data.
The peer devices must use the same settings.
T38 Fax Relay Select this if the Zyxel Device should send fax messages as UDP or TCP/IP packets through IP
networks. This provides better quality, but it may have inter-operability problems. The peer
devices must also use T.38.
QoS Tag
Table 122 VoIP > SIP > SIP Service Provider > Add new provider/Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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23.5 The Phone Device Screen
Use this screen to view detailed information on phones used for Internet phone calls (SIP). You can
define which phone(s) will ring when a specific SIP address receives an incoming call, and which SIP
address will be used when an outgoing call is made with a specific phone. To access this screen, click
VoIP > Phone > Phone Device.
SIP DSCP Mark
Setting
Enter the DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number for SIP message transmissions. The Zyxel Device
creates Class of Service (CoS) priority tags with this number to SIP traffic that it transmits.
RTP DSCP Mark
Setting
Enter the DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number for RTP voice transmissions. The Zyxel Device
creates Class of Service (CoS) priority tags with this number to RTP traffic that it transmits.
Timer Setting
SIP Register
Expiration
Duration
Enter the number of seconds your SIP account is registered with the SIP register server before it is
deleted. The Zyxel Device automatically tries to re-register your SIP account when one-half of this
time has passed. (The SIP register server might have a different expiration.)
SIP Register Fail
Re-try timer
Enter the number of seconds the Zyxel Device waits before it tries again to register the SIP
account, if the first try failed or if there is no response.
Session Expires
(SE)
Enter the number of seconds the Zyxel Device lets a SIP session remain idle (without traffic)
before it automatically disconnects the session.
Min-SE Enter the minimum number of seconds the Zyxel Device lets a SIP session remain idle (without
traffic) before it automatically disconnects the session. When two SIP devices start a SIP session,
they must agree on an expiration time for idle sessions. This field is the shortest expiration time
that the Zyxel Device accepts.
Dialing Interval Selection
Dialing Interval
Selection
Enter the number of seconds the Zyxel Device should wait after you stop dialing numbers before
it makes the phone call. The value depends on how quickly you dial phone numbers.
DNS SRV
Enable DNS SRV Select this to have the Zyxel Device use DNS procedures to resolve the SIP domain and find the
SIP server’s IP address, port number and supported transport protocol(s).
The Zyxel Device first uses DNS Name Authority Pointer (NAPTR) records to determine the
transport protocols supported by the SIP server. It then performs DNS Service (SRV) query to
determine the port number for the protocol. The Zyxel Device resolves the SIP server’s IP address
by a standard DNS address record lookup.
The SIP Server Po rt and REGISTER Server Port fields in the General section above are grayed out
and not applicable and the Transport Type can also be set to AUTO if you enable this option.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Table 122 VoIP > SIP > SIP Service Provider > Add new provider/Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 192 VoIP > Phone > Phone Device
Each field is described in the following table.
23.5.1 The Phone Device Edit Screen
Use this screen to control which SIP account and PSTN line each phone uses. Click an Edit icon in VoIP >
Phone > Phone Device to open the following screen.
Table 123 VoIP > Phone > Phone Device
LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This displays the index number of the phone device.
Phone ID This field displays the name of a phone port on the Zyxel Device.
Internal Number This field displays the internal call prefix of a phone port on the Zyxel Device.
Incoming SIP
Number
This field displays the SIP address that you use to receive calls on this phone port.
Outgoing SIP
Number
This field displays the SIP address that you use to make calls on this phone port.
Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the SIP account.
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Figure 193 VoIP > Phone > Phone Device > Edit
Each field is described in the following table.
23.6 The Phone Region Screen
Use this screen to maintain settings that depend on which region of the world the Zyxel Device is in.
Selecting the region where the device is physically located improves the quality of phone calls. To
access this screen, click VoIP > Phone > Region.
Table 124 VoIP > Phone > Phone Device > Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SIP Account to
Make Outgoing
Call
Select the SIP account you want to use when making outgoing calls with the analog
phone connected to this phone port.
SIP Account(s) to
Receive Incoming
Call
Select a SIP account if you want to receive phone calls for the selected SIP account
on this phone port.
If you select more than one SIP account for incoming calls, there is no way to
distinguish between them when you receive phone calls. If you do not select a
source for incoming calls, you cannot receive any calls on this phone port.
Immediate Dial
Enable
Select this if you want to use the pound key (#) to tell the Zyxel Device to make the
phone call immediately, instead of waiting for the number of second you selected
in the Dialog Interval Selection field of the VoIP > SIP > SIP Service Provider > Add
New Provider/Edit screen.
If you select this, dial the phone number, and then press the pound key. The Zyxel
Device makes the call immediately instead of waiting. You can still wait, if you want.
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving
OK Click OK to save your changes.
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Note: You need to reboot the device after changing the region settings for it to take effect.
Figure 194 VoIP > Phone > Region
Each field is described in the following table.
23.7 The Call Rule Screen
Use this screen to add, edit, or remove speed-dial numbers for outgoing calls. Speed dial provides
shortcuts for dialing frequently-used (VoIP) phone numbers. You also have to create speed-dial entries if
you want to call SIP addresses that contain letters. Once you have configured a speed dial rule, you
can use a shortcut (the speed dial number, #01 for example) on your phone's keypad to call the phone
number.
Table 125 VoIP > Phone > Region
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Region Setting Select the place in which the Zyxel Device is located.
Call Service Mode Select the mode for supplementary phone services (call hold, call waiting, call transfer and
three-way conference calls) that your VoIP service provider supports.
Europe Type - use supplementary phone services in European mode
USA Type - use supplementary phone services American mode
You might have to subscribe to these services to use them. Contact your VoIP service
provider.
Cancel Click this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value.
Apply Click this to save your changes and to apply them to the Zyxel Device.
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Figure 195 VoIP > Call Rule
Each field is described in the following table.
23.8 The Call History Screen
This screen allows you to view a call history list. You can also see detailed information for each outgoing
call you made or each incoming call from someone calling you. The Zyxel Device stores up to 300
incoming call logs and 300 outgoing call logs. If the number of entries exceed the maximum value, the
earliest log of that type will be deleted.
Click VoIP > Call History > Call History. The following screen displays.
Table 126 VoIP > Call Rule
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Clear All Speed
Dials
Click this to erase all the speed-dial entries on this screen.
Keys This field displays the speed-dial number you should dial to use this entry.
Number Enter the SIP address you want the Zyxel Device to call when you dial the speed-dial number.
Description Enter a name to identify the party you call when you dial the speed-dial number. You can use
up to 127 printable ASCII characters.
Cancel Click this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value.
Apply Click this to save your changes and to apply them to the Zyxel Device.
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Figure 196 VoIP > Call History > Call History
Each field is described in the following table.
23.9 The Call Summary Screen
The Zyxel Device logs calls from or to your SIP addresses. This screen allows you to view the summary of
received, dialed and missed calls.
Click VoIP > Call History > Call Summary. The following screen displays.
Figure 197 VoIP > Call History > Call Summary
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 127 VoIP > Call History > Call History
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Classify Select the type of the calls. The call types are: Incoming, Outgoing and Missed.
Clear List Click this button to remove all entries from the call history list.
Refresh Click this button to renew the call history list.
Export Click Export to download a call history list.
Type This displays the type of the calls.
Date This displays the date when the calls were made.
Name This displays the SIP account name you called.
Number This displays the SIP address you called.
Phone Device This field displays the name of a phone port on the Zyxel Device.
Outgoing Number This displays how many calls originated from you that day.
Duration
(hh:mm:ss)
This displays how long the current call has lasted.
Modify Click the Delete icon to remove the call history.
Table 128 VoIP > Call History > Call Summary
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Click this button to renew the call history list.
Clear All Click this button to remove all entries from the call history list.
Date This is the date when the calls were made.
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23.10 Technical Reference
This section contains background material relevant to the VoIP screens.
VoIP
VoIP is the sending of voice signals over Internet Protocol. This allows you to make phone calls and send
faxes over the Internet at a fraction of the cost of using the traditional circuit-switched telephone
network. You can also use servers to run telephone service applications like PBX services and voice mail.
Internet Telephony Service Provider (ITSP) companies provide VoIP service.
Circuit-switched telephone networks require 64 kilobits per second (Kbps) in each direction to handle a
telephone call. VoIP can use advanced voice coding techniques with compression to reduce the
required bandwidth.
SIP
The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol that handles the
setting up, altering and tearing down of voice and multimedia sessions over the Internet.
SIP signaling is separate from the media for which it handles sessions. The media that is exchanged
during the session can use a different path from that of the signaling. SIP handles telephone calls and
can interface with traditional circuit-switched telephone networks.
SIP Identities
A SIP account uses an identity (sometimes referred to as a SIP address). A complete SIP identity is called
a SIP URI (Uniform Resource Identifier). A SIP account's URI identifies the SIP account in a way similar to
the way an email address identifies an email account. The format of a SIP identity is SIP-Number@SIP-
Service-Domain.
SIP Number
The SIP number is the part of the SIP URI that comes before the “@” symbol. A SIP number can use letters
like in an email address (johndoe@your-ITSP.com for example) or numbers like a telephone number
(1122334455@VoIP-provider.com for example).
Total Calls This displays the total number of calls from or to your SIP addresses that day.
Outgoing Calls This displays how many calls originated from you that day.
Incoming Calls This displays how many calls you received that day.
Missing Calls This displays how many incoming calls were not answered that day.
Total Duration
(hh:mm:ss)
This displays how long all calls lasted that day.
Table 128 VoIP > Call History > Call Summary
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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SIP Service Domain
The SIP service domain of the VoIP service provider is the domain name in a SIP URI. For example, if the
SIP address is 1122334455@VoIP-provider.com, then “VoIP-provider.com” is the SIP service domain.
SIP Registration
Each Zyxel Device is an individual SIP User Agent (UA). To provide voice service, it has a public IP address
for SIP and RTP protocols to communicate with other servers.
A SIP user agent has to register with the SIP registrar and must provide information about the users it
represents, as well as its current IP address (for the routing of incoming SIP requests). After successful
registration, the SIP server knows that the users (identified by their dedicated SIP URIs) are represented by
the UA, and knows the IP address to which the SIP requests and responses should be sent.
Registration is initiated by the User Agent Client (UAC) running in the VoIP gateway (the Zyxel Device).
The gateway must be configured with information letting it know where to send the REGISTER message,
as well as the relevant user and authorization data.
A SIP registration has a limited lifespan. The User Agent Client must renew its registration within this
lifespan. If it does not do so, the registration data will be deleted from the SIP registrar's database and
the connection broken.
The Zyxel Device attempts to register all enabled subscriber ports when it is switched on. When you
enable a subscriber port that was previously disabled, the Zyxel Device attempts to register the port
immediately.
Authorization Requirements
SIP registrations (and subsequent SIP requests) require a username and password for authorization. These
credentials are validated via a challenge / response system using the HTTP digest mechanism (as
detailed in RFC 3261, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol").
SIP Servers
SIP is a client-server protocol. A SIP client is an application program or device that sends SIP requests. A
SIP server responds to the SIP requests.
When you use SIP to make a VoIP call, it originates at a client and terminates at a server. A SIP client
could be a computer or a SIP phone. One device can act as both a SIP client and a SIP server.
SIP User Agent
A SIP user agent can make and receive VoIP telephone calls. This means that SIP can be used for peer-
to-peer communications even though it is a client-server protocol. In the following figure, either A or B
can act as a SIP user agent client to initiate a call. A and B can also both act as a SIP SIP user agent to
receive the call.
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Figure 198 SIP User Agent
SIP Proxy Server
A SIP proxy server receives requests from clients and forwards them to another server.
In the following example, you want to use client device A to call someone who is using client device C.
1The client device (A in the figure) sends a call invitation to the SIP proxy server (B).
2The SIP proxy server forwards the call invitation to C.
Figure 199 SIP Proxy Server
SIP Redirect Server
A SIP redirect server accepts SIP requests, translates the destination address to an IP address and sends
the translated IP address back to the device that sent the request. Then the client device that originally
sent the request can send requests to the IP address that it received back from the redirect server.
Redirect servers do not initiate SIP requests.
In the following example, you want to use client device A to call someone who is using client device C.
1Client device A sends a call invitation for C to the SIP redirect server (B).
2The SIP redirect server sends the invitation back to A with C’s IP address (or domain name).
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3Client device A then sends the call invitation to client device C.
Figure 200 SIP Redirect Server
SIP Register Server
A SIP register server maintains a database of SIP identity-to-IP address (or domain name) mapping. The
register server checks your user name and password when you register.
RTP
When you make a VoIP call using SIP, the RTP (Real time Transport Protocol) is used to handle voice data
transfer. See RFC 1889 for details on RTP.
Pulse Code Modulation
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) measures analog signal amplitudes at regular time intervals and converts
them into bits.
SIP Call Progression
The following figure displays the basic steps in the setup and tear down of a SIP call. A calls B.
Table 129 SIP Call Progression
A B
1. INVITE
2. Ringing
3. OK
4. ACK
5.Dialogue (voice traffic)
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1A sends a SIP INVITE request to B. This message is an invitation for B to participate in a SIP telephone call.
2B sends a response indicating that the telephone is ringing.
3B sends an OK response after the call is answered.
4A then sends an ACK message to acknowledge that B has answered the call.
5Now A and B exchange voice media (talk).
6After talking, A hangs up and sends a BYE request.
7B replies with an OK response confirming receipt of the BYE request and the call is terminated.
SIP Call Progression Through Proxy Servers
Usually, the SIP UAC sets up a phone call by sending a request to the SIP proxy server. Then, the proxy
server looks up the destination to which the call should be forwarded (according to the URI requested
by the SIP UAC). The request may be forwarded to more than one proxy server before arriving at its
destination.
The response to the request goes to all the proxy servers through which the request passed, in reverse
sequence. Once the session is set up, session traffic is sent between the UAs directly, bypassing all the
proxy servers in between.
The following figure shows the SIP and session traffic flow between the user agents (UA 1 and UA 2) and
the proxy servers (this example shows two proxy servers, PROXY 1 and PROXY 2).
6. BYE
7. OK
Table 129 SIP Call Progression (continued)
A B
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Figure 201 SIP Call Through Proxy Servers
The following table shows the SIP call progression.
1User Agent 1 sends a SIP INVITE request to Proxy 1. This message is an invitation to User Agent 2 to
participate in a SIP telephone call. Proxy 1 sends a response indicating that it is trying to complete the
request.
2Proxy 1 sends a SIP INVITE request to Proxy 2. Proxy 2 sends a response indicating that it is trying to
complete the request.
3Proxy 2 sends a SIP INVITE request to User Agent 2.
Table 130 SIP Call Progression
UA 1 PROXY 1 PROXY 2 UA 2
Invite
Invite
100 Trying Invite
100 Trying
180 Ringing
180 Ringing
180 Ringing
200 OK
200 OK
200 OK
ACK
RTP RTP
BYE
200 OK
DSL DSL
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4User Agent 2 sends a response back to Proxy 2 indicating that the phone is ringing. The response is
relayed back to User Agent 1 via Proxy 1.
5User Agent 2 sends an OK response to Proxy 2 after the call is answered. This is also relayed back to User
Agent 1 via Proxy 1.
6User Agent 1 and User Agent 2 exchange RTP packets containing voice data directly, without involving
the proxies.
7When User Agent 2 hangs up, he sends a BYE request.
8User Agent 1 replies with an OK response confirming receipt of the BYE request, and the call is
terminated.
Voice Coding
A codec (coder/decoder) codes analog voice signals into digital signals and decodes the digital
signals back into analog voice signals. The Zyxel Device supports the following codecs.
• G.711 is a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) waveform codec. PCM measures analog signal amplitudes
at regular time intervals and converts them into digital samples. G.711 provides very good sound
quality but requires 64 kbps of bandwidth.
• G.726 is an Adaptive Differential PCM (ADPCM) waveform codec that uses a lower bitrate than
standard PCM conversion. ADPCM converts analog audio into digital signals based on the difference
between each audio sample and a prediction based on previous samples. The more similar the
audio sample is to the prediction, the less space needed to describe it. G.726 operates at 16, 24, 32 or
40 kbps.
• G.729 is an Analysis-by-Synthesis (AbS) hybrid waveform codec that uses a filter based on information
about how the human vocal tract produces sounds. G.729 provides good sound quality and reduces
the required bandwidth to 8 kbps.
Voice Activity Detection/Silence Suppression
Voice Activity Detection (VAD) detects whether or not speech is present. This lets the Zyxel Device
reduce the bandwidth that a call uses by not transmitting “silent packets” when you are not speaking.
Comfort Noise Generation
When using VAD, the Zyxel Device generates comfort noise when the other party is not speaking. The
comfort noise lets you know that the line is still connected as total silence could easily be mistaken for a
lost connection.
Echo Cancellation
G.168 is an ITU-T standard for eliminating the echo caused by the sound of your voice reverberating in
the telephone receiver while you talk.
MWI (Message Waiting Indication)
Enable Message Waiting Indication (MWI) enables your phone to give you a message–waiting
(beeping) dial tone when you have a voice message(s). Your VoIP service provider must have a
messaging system that sends message waiting status SIP packets as defined in RFC 3842.
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Custom Tones (IVR)
IVR (Interactive Voice Response) is a feature that allows you to use your telephone to interact with the
Zyxel Device. The Zyxel Device allows you to record custom tones for the Early Media and Music On Hold
functions. The same recordings apply to both the caller ringing and on hold tones.
Recording Custom Tones
Use the following steps if you would like to create new tones or change your tones:
1Pick up the phone and press “****” on your phone’s keypad and wait for the message that says you are
in the configuration menu.
2Press a number from 1101~1105 on your phone followed by the “#” key.
3Play your desired music or voice recording into the receiver’s mouthpiece. Press the “#” key.
4You can continue to add, listen to, or delete tones, or you can hang up the receiver when you are
done.
Listening to Custom Tones
Do the following to listen to a custom tone:
1Pick up the phone and press “****” on your phone’s keypad and wait for the message that says you are
in the configuration menu.
2Press a number from 1201~1208 followed by the “#” key to listen to the tone.
3You can continue to add, listen to, or delete tones, or you can hang up the receiver when you are
done.
Deleting Custom Tones
Do the following to delete a custom tone:
1Pick up the phone and press “****” on your phone’s keypad and wait for the message that says you are
in the configuration menu.
2Press a number from 1301~1308 followed by the “#” key to delete the tone of your choice. Press 14
followed by the “#” key if you wish to clear all your custom tones.
Table 131 Custom Tones Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Total Time for All Tones 900 seconds for all custom tones combined
Maximum Time per Individual
Tone
180 seconds
Total Number of Tones
Recordable
5
You can record up to 5 different custom tones but the total time must be 900
seconds or less.
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You can continue to add, listen to, or delete tones, or you can hang up the receiver when you are
done.
23.10.1 Quality of Service (QoS)
Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network's ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the
networking methods used to provide bandwidth for real-time multimedia applications.
Type of Service (ToS)
Network traffic can be classified by setting the ToS (Type of Service) values at the data source (for
example, at the Zyxel Device) so a server can decide the best method of delivery, that is the least cost,
fastest route and so on.
DiffServ
DiffServ is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop
treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and
traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCP) indicating the level of service desired.
This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices to handle the packets differently
depending on the code points without the need to negotiate paths or remember state information for
every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a particular service or give advanced
notice of where the traffic is going.3
DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior
DiffServ defines a new DS (Differentiated Services) field to replace the Type of Service (TOS) field in the IP
header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64
service levels. The following figure illustrates the DS field.
DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non-DiffServ
compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping.
Figure 202 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field
The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packet
gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule, different kinds of traffic can be marked for
different priorities of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and
the configured policies.
23.10.2 Phone Services Overview
Supplementary services such as call hold, call waiting, and call transfer. are generally available from
your VoIP service provider. The Zyxel Device supports the following services:
3. The Zyxel Device does not support DiffServ at the time of writing.
DSCP
(6-bit)
Unused
(2-bit)
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• Call Return
• Call Hold
• Call Waiting
• Making a Second Call
• Call Transfer
• Call Forwarding
• Three-Way Conference
• Internal Calls
• Call Park and Pickup
• Do not Disturb
•IVR
• Call Completion
•CCBS
• Outgoing SIP
Note: To take full advantage of the supplementary phone services available through the
Zyxel Device's phone ports, you may need to subscribe to the services from your VoIP
service provider.
23.10.2.1 The Flash Key
Flashing means to press the hook for a short period of time (a few hundred milliseconds) before releasing
it. On newer telephones, there should be a "flash" key (button) that generates the signal electronically. If
the flash key is not available, you can tap (press and immediately release) the hook by hand to achieve
the same effect. However, using the flash key is preferred since the timing is much more precise. With
manual tapping, if the duration is too long, it may be interpreted as hanging up by the Zyxel Device.
You can invoke all the supplementary services by using the flash key.
23.10.2.2 Europe Type Supplementary Phone Services
This section describes how to use supplementary phone services with the Europe Type Call Service
Mode. Commands for supplementary services are listed in the table below.
After pressing the flash key, if you do not issue the sub-command before the default sub-command
timeout (2 seconds) expires or issue an invalid sub-command, the current operation will be aborted.
Table 132 European Flash Key Commands
COMMAND SUB-COMMAND DESCRIPTION
Flash Put a current call on hold to place a second call.
Switch back to the call (if there is no second call).
Flash 0 Drop the call presently on hold or reject an incoming call which is waiting for
answer.
Flash 1 Disconnect the current phone connection and answer the incoming call or
resume with caller presently on hold.
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European Call Hold
Call hold allows you to put a call (A) on hold by pressing the flash key.
If you have another call, press the flash key and then “2” to switch back and forth between caller A and
B by putting either one on hold.
Press the flash key and then “0” to disconnect the call presently on hold and keep the current call on
line.
Press the flash key and then “1” to disconnect the current call and resume the call on hold.
If you hang up the phone but a caller is still on hold, there will be a remind ring.
European Call Waiting
This allows you to place a call on hold while you answer another incoming call on the same telephone
(directory) number.
If there is a second call to a telephone number, you will hear a call waiting tone. Take one of the
following actions.
• Reject the second call.
Press the flash key and then press “0”.
• Disconnect the first call and answer the second call.
Either press the flash key and press “1”, or just hang up the phone and then answer the phone after it
rings.
• Put the first call on hold and answer the second call.
Press the flash key and then “2”.
European Call Transfer
Do the following to transfer an incoming call (that you have answered) to another phone.
1Press the flash key to put the caller on hold.
2When you hear the dial tone, dial “*98#” followed by the number to which you want to transfer the call.
3After you hear the ring signal or the second party answers it, hang up the phone.
Flash 2 1. Switch back and forth between two calls.
2. Put a current call on hold to answer an incoming call.
3. Separate the current three-way conference call into two individual calls
(one is on-line, the other is on hold).
Flash 3 Create three-way conference connection.
Flash *98# Transfer the call to another phone.
Table 132 European Flash Key Commands
COMMAND SUB-COMMAND DESCRIPTION
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European Three-Way Conference
Use the following steps to make three-way conference calls.
1When you are on the phone talking to someone, press the flash key to put the caller on hold and get a
dial tone.
2Dial a phone number directly to make another call.
3When the second call is answered, press the flash key and press “3” to create a three-way conversation.
4Hang up the phone to drop the connection.
5If you want to separate the activated three-way conference into two individual connections (one is on-
line, the other is on hold), press the flash key and press “2”.
23.10.2.3 USA Type Supplementary Services
This section describes how to use supplementary phone services with the USA Type Call Service Mode.
Commands for supplementary services are listed in the table below.
After pressing the flash key, if you do not issue the sub-command before the default sub-command
timeout (2 seconds) expires or issue an invalid sub-command, the current operation will be aborted.
USA Call Hold
Call hold allows you to put a call (A) on hold by pressing the flash key.
If you have another call, press the flash key to switch back and forth between caller A and B by putting
either one on hold.
If you hang up the phone but a caller is still on hold, there will be a remind ring.
USA Call Waiting
This allows you to place a call on hold while you answer another incoming call on the same telephone
(directory) number.
If there is a second call to your telephone number, you will hear a call waiting tone.
Press the flash key to put the first call on hold and answer the second call.
USA Call Transfer
Do the following to transfer an incoming call (that you have answered) to another phone.
Table 133 USA Flash Key Commands
COMMAND SUB-COMMAND DESCRIPTION
Flash Put a current call on hold to place a second call. After the second call is
successful, press the flash key again to have a three-way conference call.
Put a current call on hold to answer an incoming call.
Flash *98# Transfer the call to another phone.
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1Press the flash key to put the caller on hold.
2When you hear the dial tone, dial “*98#” followed by the number to which you want to transfer the call.
3After you hear the ring signal or the second party answers it, hang up the phone.
USA Three-Way Conference
Use the following steps to make three-way conference calls.
1When you are on the phone talking to someone (party A), press the flash key to put the caller on hold
and get a dial tone.
2Dial a phone number directly to make another call (to party B).
3When party B answers the second call, press the flash key to create a three-way conversation.
4Hang up the phone to drop the connection.
5If you want to separate the activated three-way conference into two individual connections (with party
A on-line and party B on hold), press the flash key.
6If you want to go back to the three-way conversation, press the flash key again.
7If you want to separate the activated three-way conference into two individual connections again,
press the flash key. This time the party B is on-line and party A is on hold.
23.10.2.4 Phone Functions Summary
The following table shows the key combinations you can enter on your phone’s keypad to use certain
features.
Table 134 Phone Functions Summary
ACTION FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
*98# Call transfer Transfer a call to another phone. See Section 23.10.2.2 on page 315
(Europe type) and Section 23.10.2.3 on page 317 (USA type).
*66# Call return Place a call to the last person who called you.
*95# Enable Do Not Disturb Use these to set your phone not to ring when someone calls you, or to
turn this function off.
#95# Disable Do Not Disturb
*41# Enable Call Waiting Use these to allow you to put a call on hold when you are answering
another, or to turn this function off.
#41# Disable Call Waiting
**** IVR Use these to set up Interactive Voice Response (IVR). IVR allows you to
record custom caller ringing tones (the sound a caller hears before you
pick up the phone) and on hold tones (the sound someone hears when
you put their call on hold).
#### Internal Call Call the phone(s) connected to the Zyxel Device.
*82 One Shot Caller Display Call Activate or deactivate caller ID for the next call only.
*67 One Shot Caller Hidden Call
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CHAPTER 24
Log
24.1 Log Overview
These screens allow you to determine the categories of events and/or alerts that the Zyxel Device logs
and then display these logs or have the Zyxel Device send them to an administrator (through email) or
to a syslog server.
24.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the System Log screen to see the system logs (Section 24.2 on page 320).
• Use the Security Log screen to see the security-related logs for the categories that you select (Section
24.3 on page 320).
24.1.2 What You Need To Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.
Alerts and Logs
An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. They include system errors, attacks (access
control) and attempted access to blocked web sites. Some categories such as System Errors consist of
both logs and alerts. You may differentiate them by their color in the View Log screen. Alerts display in
red and logs display in black.
Syslog Overview
The syslog protocol allows devices to send event notification messages across an IP network to syslog
servers that collect the event messages. A syslog-enabled device can generate a syslog message and
send it to a syslog server.
Syslog is defined in RFC 3164. The RFC defines the packet format, content and system log related
information of syslog messages. Each syslog message has a facility and severity level. The syslog facility
identifies a file in the syslog server. Refer to the documentation of your syslog program for details. The
following table describes the syslog severity levels.
Table 135 Syslog Severity Levels
CODE SEVERITY
0 Emergency: The system is unusable.
1 Alert: Action must be taken immediately.
2 Critical: The system condition is critical.
3 Error: There is an error condition on the system.
4 Warning: There is a warning condition on the system.
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24.2 The System Log Screen
Use the System Log screen to see the system logs. You can filter the entries by clicking on the Level and/
or Category drop-down list boxes. Click System Monitor > Log to open the System Log screen.
Figure 203 System Monitor > Log > System Log
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
24.3 The Security Log Screen
Use the Security Log screen to see the security-related logs for the categories that you select. You can
filter the entries by clicking on the Level and/or Category drop-down list boxes. Click System Monitor >
Log > Security Log to open the following screen.
5 Notice: There is a normal but significant condition on the system.
6 Informational: The syslog contains an informational message.
7 Debug: The message is intended for debug-level purposes.
Table 135 Syslog Severity Levels
CODE SEVERITY
Table 136 System Monitor > Log > System Log
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Level Select a severity level from the drop-down list box. This filters search results according to the
severity level you have selected. When you select a severity, the Zyxel Device searches through
all logs of that severity or higher.
Category Select the type of logs to display.
Clear Log Click this to delete all the logs.
Refresh Click this to renew the log screen.
Export Log Click this to export the selected log(s).
Email Log Now Click this to send the log file(s) to the Email address you specify in the Maintenance > Logs
Setting screen.
#This field is a sequential value and is not associated with a specific entry.
Time This field displays the time the log was recorded.
Facility The log facility allows you to send logs to different files in the syslog server. Refer to the
documentation of your syslog program for more details.
Level This field displays the severity level of the log that the device is to send to this syslog server.
Category This field displays the type of the log.
Messages This field states the reason for the log.
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Figure 204 System Monitor > Log > Security Log
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 137 System Monitor > Log > Security Log
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Level Select a severity level from the drop-down list box. This filters search results according to the
severity level you have selected. When you select a severity, the Zyxel Device searches through
all logs of that severity or higher.
Category Select the type of logs to display.
Clear Log Click this to delete all the logs.
Refresh Click this to renew the log screen.
Export Log Click this to export the selected log(s).
Email Log Now Click this to send the log file(s) to the Email address you specify in the Maintenance > Logs
Setting screen.
#This field is a sequential value and is not associated with a specific entry.
Time This field displays the time the log was recorded.
Facility The log facility allows you to send logs to different files in the syslog server. Refer to the
documentation of your syslog program for more details.
Level This field displays the severity level of the log that the device is to send to this syslog server.
Category This field displays the type of the log.
Messages This field states the reason for the log.
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CHAPTER 25
Traffic Status
25.1 Traffic Status Overview
Use the Traffic Status screens to look at the network traffic status and statistics of the WAN/LAN interfaces
and NAT.
25.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the WAN screen to view the WAN traffic statistics (Section 25.2 on page 322).
• Use the LAN screen to view the LAN traffic statistics (Section 25.3 on page 323).
• Use the NAT screen to view the NAT status of the Zyxel Device’s client(s) (Section 25.4 on page 324).
25.2 The WAN Status Screen
Click System Monitor > Traffic Status to open the WAN screen. The figures in this screen show the number
of bytes received and sent through the Zyxel Device. Detailed information about each interface are
listed in the tables below.
Figure 205 System Monitor > Traffic Status > WAN
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
25.3 The LAN Status Screen
Click System Monitor > Traffic Status > LAN to open the following screen. The figures in this screen show
the number of bytes received and sent from each LAN port and wireless network.
Table 138 System Monitor > Traffic Status > WAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval Select how often you want the Zyxel Device to update this screen.
Connected
Interface
This shows the name of the WAN interface that is currently connected.
Packets Sent
Data This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.
Error This indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this interface.
Drop This indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface.
Packets Received
Data This indicates the number of received packets on this interface.
Error This indicates the number of frames with errors received on this interface.
Drop This indicates the number of received packets dropped on this interface.
Disabled
Interface
This shows the name of the WAN interface that is currently disabled.
Packets Sent
Data This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.
Error This indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this interface.
Drop This indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface.
Packets Received
Data This indicates the number of received packets on this interface.
Error This indicates the number of frames with errors received on this interface.
Drop This indicates the number of received packets dropped on this interface.
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Figure 206 System Monitor > Traffic Status > LAN
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
25.4 The NAT Status Screen
Click System Monitor > Traffic Status > NAT to open the following screen. The figures in this screen show
the NAT session statistics for hosts currently connected to the Zyxel Device. A number of open sessions
means there’s a lot of traffic going through a host.
Table 139 System Monitor > Traffic Status > LAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval Select how often you want the Zyxel Device to update this screen.
Interface This shows the LAN or WLAN interface.
Bytes Sent This indicates the number of bytes transmitted on this interface.
Bytes Received This indicates the number of bytes received on this interface.
Interface This shows the LAN or WLAN interfaces.
Sent (Packets)
Data This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.
Error This indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this interface.
Drop This indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface.
Received (Packets)
Data This indicates the number of received packets on this interface.
Error This indicates the number of frames with errors received on this interface.
Drop This indicates the number of received packets dropped on this interface.
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Figure 207 System Monitor > Traffic Status > NAT
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 140 System Monitor > Traffic Status > NAT
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval Select how often you want the Zyxel Device to update this screen.
Device Name This displays the name of the connected host.
IPv4 Address This displays the IP address of the connected host.
MAC Address This displays the MAC address of the connected host.
No. of Open
Session
This displays the number of NAT sessions currently opened for the connected host.
Total This displays what percentage of NAT sessions the Zyxel Device can support is currently being
used by all connected hosts. You can also see the number of active NAT sessions and the
maximum number of NAT sessions the Zyxel Device can support.
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CHAPTER 26
VoIP Status
26.1 VoIP Status Overview
Click System Monitor > VoIP Status to open the following screen. You can view the VoIP registration,
current call status, phone numbers, and other related information in this screen.
Figure 208 System Monitor > VoIP Status
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 141 System Monitor > VoIP Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Poll Interval(s) Enter the number of seconds the Zyxel Device needs to wait before updating this screen and
then click Set Interval. Click Stop to have the Zyxel Device stop updating this screen.
SIP Status
Account This column displays each SIP account in the Zyxel Device.
Register Action Click on this switch to register/unregister the SIP account. This switch will turn blue if a registration
attempt is successful; otherwise, it will revert to its unregistered setting. Unregistering an account
does not delete the SIP account itself, but removes the mapping between your SIP identity and
your IP address or domain name,
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Registration This field displays the current registration status of the SIP account.
Disabled - The SIP account is not enabled. You can enable it in VoIP > SIP > SIP Account by
pressing the Edit icon in the Modify field, and then selecting the Enable SIP Account check box.
Registered - The SIP account is registered with a SIP server and can be used to make a VoIP call.
The account must first be enabled in VoIP > SIP > SIP Account and registered by enabling
Register Action.
Unregistered - This status will show if the last attempt to register the SIP account with the SIP
server failed or if Register Action is set to unregistered.
Registration
Time
This field displays the last time the Zyxel Device successfully registered the SIP account. The field
is blank if the Zyxel Device has never successfully registered this account.
URI This field displays the account number and service domain of the SIP account. You can change
these in the VoIP > SIP screens.
Message
Waiting
This field indicates whether or not there are any messages waiting for the SIP account.
Last Incoming
Number
This field displays the last number that called the SIP account. The field is blank if no number has
ever dialed the SIP account.
Last Outgoing
Number
This field displays the last number the SIP account called. The field is blank if the SIP account has
never dialed a number.
Call Status
Account This column displays each SIP account in the Zyxel Device.
Duration This field displays how long the current call has lasted.
Status This field displays the current state of the phone call.
Idle - There are no current VoIP calls, incoming calls or outgoing calls being made.
Dial - The callee’s phone is ringing.
Ring - The phone is ringing for an incoming VoIP call.
Process - There is a VoIP call in progress.
DISC - The callee’s line is busy, the callee hung up or your phone was left off the hook.
Call Type This field displays the call direction type of the current VoIP call.
Outgoing Call - It’s a SIP VoIP call made by local phone ports, and this SIP account is able to
issue a (SIP-based) call setup to the SIP account of remote peers for a VoIP call establishment.
This (SIP-based) call setup signal is sent to the SIP server first, and then the SIP server would relay it
to the target peer after correctly resolving and locating the target peer. During the call setup
(signaling) phase, Calling state is displayed in the Status field, and it turns to InCall state once
the call is successfully established.
Incoming Call - It’s a SIP VoIP call made or originated by remote SIP accounts to connect to this
local SIP account. One or more local phone ports can be configured to receive this type of call,
see the Incoming Number below, and all of them should begin to ring during the call setup
(signaling phase), see the Status above. Once some remote SIP accounts start to ring one local
phone, answer by off-hook to the call, and the call is successfully established. The other ringing
local phone ports will stop ringing and turning to InCall state in the Status field.
Internal Call - It’s a local VoIP call between two different local phone ports. No SIP signaling is
needed and thus no SIP server is involved to establish this type of call. This type of call is
established via the Internal and Non-SIP local setup signaling procedure between the call-
originating and call-terminating local phone ports. In general, one or more local phone ports
can be designed to receive this type of call, and once any of the ringing phones answer the
call, the other ringing ones will stop ringing. During the call setup phase (signaling phase),
Calling state is displayed in Status field, and turns to InCall state once the call is successfully
established.
Table 141 System Monitor > VoIP Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Codec This field displays what voice codec is being used for a current VoIP call through a phone port.
From Phone Port
Type
This field displays the phone ports type used to originate, start, or create the current VoIP call.
Two possible type values will be displayed here:
SIP - For the current call which is categorized as Incoming Call in the Call Type filed, this field will
show the type SIP.
FXS - As for the other cases: Outgoing Call and Internal Call, this field will show the
corresponding local phone port type: FXS, the legacy analog phone port on the device.
To Phone Port
Type
This field displays the phone ports type used to receive the current VoIP call. Three possible type
values will be displayed here:
SIP - For the current call which is categorized as Outgoing Call in the Call Type field, this field will
show the type SIP.
FXS and Unknown - As for the other cases: Incoming Call and Intern al Call, this field will show the
corresponding local phone port type: FXS, the legacy analog phone port on the device. While
the call is established, this field shows Unknown during the call setup phase (signaling phase).
This is because one or more local phone ports can be configured or designed to receive these
two types of calls, see the Call Type above, and the local phone port will answer the call that
hasn’t been determined yet at that time.
Peer Number This field displays the SIP address of the party that is currently engaged in a VoIP call through a
phone port.
Phone Status
Phone This field displays the name of a phone port on the Zyxel Device.
Outgoing
Number
This field displays the SIP address that you use to make calls on this phone port.
Incoming
Number
This field displays the SIP address that you use to receive calls on this phone port.
Table 141 System Monitor > VoIP Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 27
ARP Table
27.1 ARP Table Overview
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to
a physical machine address, also known as a Media Access Control or MAC address, on the local area
network.
An IP (version 4) address is 32 bits long. MAC addresses are 48 bits long. The ARP Table maintains an
association between each MAC address and its corresponding IP address.
27.1.1 How ARP Works
When an incoming packet destined for a host device on a local area network arrives at the device, the
device's ARP program looks in the ARP Table and, if it finds the address, sends it to the device.
If no entry is found for the IP address, ARP broadcasts the request to all the devices on the LAN. The
device fills in its own MAC and IP address in the sender address fields, and puts the known IP address of
the target in the target IP address field. In addition, the device puts all ones in the target MAC field
(FF.FF.FF.FF.FF.FF is the Ethernet broadcast address). The replying device (which is either the IP address of
the device being sought or the router that knows the way) replaces the broadcast address with the
target's MAC address, swaps the sender and target pairs, and unicasts the answer directly back to the
requesting machine. ARP updates the ARP Table for future reference and then sends the packet to the
MAC address that replied.
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27.2 ARP Table Screen
Use the ARP table to view the IPv4-to-MAC address mapping(s) for the LAN. The neighbor table shows
the IPv6-to-MAC address mapping(s) of each neighbor. To open this screen, click System Monitor > ARP
Table.
Figure 209 System Monitor > ARP Table
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 142 System Monitor > ARP Table
LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the ARP table entry number.
IPv4/IPv6
Address
This is the learned IPv4 or IPv6 IP address of a device connected to a port.
MAC Address This is the MAC address of the device with the listed IP address.
Device This is the type of interface used by the device. You can click on the device type to go to its
configuration screen.
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CHAPTER 28
Routing Table
28.1 Routing Table Overview
Routing is based on the destination address only and the Zyxel Device takes the shortest path to forward
a packet.
28.2 The Routing Table Screen
The table below shows IPv4 and IPv6 routing information. The IPv4 subnet mask is ‘255.255.255.255’ for a
host destination and ‘0.0.0.0’ for the default route. The gateway address is written as ‘*’(IPv4)/‘::’(IPv6) if
none is set.
Click System Monitor > Routing Table to open the following screen.
Figure 210 System Monitor > Routing Table
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 143 System Monitor > Routing Table
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv4/IPv6 Routing Table
Destination This indicates the destination IPv4 address or IPv6 address and prefix of this route.
Gateway This indicates the IPv4 address or IPv6 address of the gateway that helps forward this route’s
traffic.
Subnet Mask This indicates the destination subnet mask of the IPv4 route.
Flag This indicates the route status.
U-Up: The route is up.
!-Reject: The route is blocked and will force a route lookup to fail.
G-Gateway: The route uses a gateway to forward traffic.
H-Host: The target of the route is a host.
R-Reinstate: The route is reinstated for dynamic routing.
D-Dynamic (redirect): The route is dynamically installed by a routing daemon or redirect.
M-Modified (redirect): The route is modified from a routing daemon or redirect.
Metric The metric represents the "cost of transmission". A router determines the best route for
transmission by choosing a path with the lowest "cost". The smaller the number, the lower the
"cost".
Interface This indicates the name of the interface through which the route is forwarded.
brx indicates a LAN interface where x can be 0~3 to represent LAN1 to LAN4 respectively.
ptm0 indicates a VDSL WAN interface using IPoE or in bridge mode.
ethx indicates an Ethernet WAN interface using IPoE or in bridge mode.
ppp0 indicates a WAN interface using PPPoE.
wlx indicates a wireless interface where x can be 0~1. For VMG4927-B10A, wl1 indicates 5 GHz
wireless interface, and wl0 indicates 2.4 GHz wireless interface. For the other models, wl1
indicates 5 GHz wireless interface, and wl0 indicates 2.4 GHz wireless interface.
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CHAPTER 29
Multicast Status
29.1 Multicast Status Overview
Use the Multicast Status screens to look at IGMP/MLD group status and traffic statistics.
29.2 The IGMP Status Screen
Use this screen to look at the current list of multicast groups the Zyxel Device manages through IGMP.
Configure IGMP in Network Setting > IGMP/MLD. To open this screen, click System Monitor > Multicast
Status > IGMP Status.
Figure 211 System Monitor > Multicast Status > IGMP Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 144 System Monitor > Multicast Status > IGMP Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Click this button to update the information on this screen.
Interface This field displays the name of an interface on the Zyxel Device that belongs to an IGMP
multicast group.
Multicast Group This field displays the name of the IGMP multicast group to which the interface belongs.
Filter Mode INCLUDE means that only the IP addresses in the Source List get to receive the multicast group’s
traffic.
EXCLUDE means that the IP addresses in the Source List are not allowed to receive the multicast
group’s traffic but other IP addresses can.
Source List This is the list of IP addresses that are allowed or not allowed to receive the multicast group’s
traffic depending on the filter mode.
Member This is the list of the members of the multicast group.
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29.3 The MLD Status Screen
Use this screen to look at the current list of multicast groups the Zyxel Device manages through MLD.
Configure MLD in Network Setting > IGMP/MLD. To open this screen, click System Monitor > Multicast
Status > MLD Status.
Figure 212 System Monitor > Multicast Status > MLD Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 145 System Monitor > Multicast Status > MLD Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Click this button to update the status on this screen.
Interface This field displays the name of an interface on the Zyxel Device that belongs to an MLD multicast
group.
Multicast Group This field displays the name of the MLD multicast group to which the interface belongs.
Filter Mode INCLUDE means that only the IP addresses in the Source List get to receive the multicast group’s
traffic.
EXCLUDE means that the IP addresses in the Source List are not allowed to receive the multicast
group’s traffic but other IP addresses can.
Source List This is the list of IP addresses that are allowed or not allowed to receive the multicast group’s
traffic depending on the filter mode.
Member This is the list of members in the multicast group.
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CHAPTER 30
xDSL Statistics
30.1 xDSL Statistics Overview
Use this screen to view detailed DSL information. It allows you to see the DSL status, check port details,
and see DSL counters. Click System Monitor > xDSL Statistics to open the following screen.
Figure 213 System Monitor > xDSL Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 146 System > xDSL Statistics
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Monitor
Refresh Interval Select the time interval for refreshing statistics.
Line Select which DSL line’s statistics you want to display.
Status
xDSL Training
Status
This displays the current state of setting up the DSL connection.
Mode This displays the ITU standard used for this connection.
Traffic Type This displays the type of traffic the DSL port is sending and receiving. Inactive displays if the DSL
port is not currently sending or receiving traffic.
Link Uptime This displays how long the port has been running (or connected) since the last time it was
started.
xDSL Port Details
Upstream These are the statistics for the traffic direction going out from the port to the service provider.
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Downstream These are the statistics for the traffic direction coming into the port from the service provider.
Line Rate These are the data transfer rates at which the port is sending and receiving data.
Actual Net Data
Rate
These are the rates at which the port is sending and receiving the payload data without
transport layer protocol headers and traffic.
Trellis Coding This displays whether or not the port is using Trellis coding for traffic it is sending and receiving.
Trellis coding helps to reduce the noise in ADSL transmissions. Trellis may reduce throughput but
it makes the connection more stable.
SNR Margin This is the upstream and downstream Signal-to-Noise Ratio margin (in dB). A DMT sub-carrier’s
SNR is the ratio between the received signal power and the received noise power. The signal-
to-noise ratio margin is the maximum that the received noise power could increase with the
system still being able to meet its transmission targets.
Actual Delay This is the upstream and downstream interleave delay. It is the wait (in milliseconds) that
determines the size of a single block of data to be interleaved (assembled) and then
transmitted. Interleave delay is used when transmission error correction (Reed- Solomon) is
necessary due to a less than ideal telephone line. The bigger the delay, the bigger the data
block size, allowing better error correction to be performed.
Transmit Power This is the upstream and downstream far end actual aggregate transmit power (in dBm).
Upstream is how much power the port is using to transmit to the service provider. Downstream is
how much port the service provider is using to transmit to the port.
Receive Power Upstream is how much power the service provider is receiving from the port. Downstream is
how much power the port is receiving from the service provider.
Actual INP Sudden spikes in the line’s level of external noise (impulse noise) can cause errors and result in
lost packets. This could especially impact the quality of multimedia traffic such as voice or
video. Impulse noise protection (INP) provides a buffer to allow for correction of errors caused
by error correction to deal with this. The number of DMT (Discrete Multi-Tone) symbols shows the
level of impulse noise protection for the upstream and downstream traffic. A higher symbol
value provides higher error correction capability, but it causes overhead and higher delay
which may increase error rates in received multimedia data.
Attainable Net
Data Rate
These are the highest theoretically possible transfer rates at which the port could send and
receive payload data without transport layer protocol headers and traffic.
xDSL Counters
Downstream These are the statistics for the traffic direction coming into the port from the service provider.
Upstream These are the statistics for the traffic direction going out from the port to the service provider.
FEC This is the number of Far End Corrected blocks.
CRC This is the number of Cyclic Redundancy Checks.
ES This is the number of Errored Seconds meaning the number of seconds containing at least one
errored block or at least one defect.
SES This is the number of Severely Errored Seconds meaning the number of seconds containing 30%
or more errored blocks or at least one defect. This is a subset of ES.
UAS This is the number of UnAvailable Seconds.
LOS This is the number of Loss Of Signal seconds.
LOF This is the number of Loss Of Frame seconds.
LOM This is the number of Loss of Margin seconds.
Retr. This is the number of DSL retraining count in the BRCM DSL driver.
HostInitRetr This is the number of the retraining counts the host initiated.
FastRetr This is the number of DSL fast retraining counts.
FailedRetr This is the number of failed retraining attempts.
FailedFastRetr This is the number of failed fast retraining attempts.
Table 146 System > xDSL Statistics (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 31
WLAN Station Status
31.1 WLAN Station Status Overview
Click System Monitor > WLAN Station Status to open the following screen. View the wireless stations that
are currently associated to the Zyxel Device. Being associated means that a wireless client (for example,
your network or computer with a wireless network card) has connected successfully to the AP (or
wireless router) using the same SSID, channel, and security settings.
Figure 214 System Monitor > WLAN Station Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 147 System Monitor > WLAN Station Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the index number of an associated wireless station.
MAC Address This field displays the MAC address of an associated wireless station.
Rate (Mbps) This field displays the transmission rate of the wireless LAN traffic between an associated wireless
station and an AP.
RSSI (dBm) This field displays the strength of the wireless LAN signal between an associated wireless station
and an AP.
The normal range is -30dBm to -79dBm. If the value drops below -80dBm, try moving the
associated wireless station closer to the Zyxel Device to get better signal strength.
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SNR SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) measures the strength of the wireless LAN signal and the
background noise on the line. The greater the number, the better the quality of the wireless
LAN.
The normal range is 15 to 40. If the value drops below 15, try moving the associated wireless
station closer to the Zyxel Device to get better quality of wireless LAN.
Level This field displays a number which represents the strength of the wireless LAN signal between an
associated wireless station and an AP. The Zyxel Device uses the RSSI and SNR values to
determine the strength of the wireless LAN signal.
5 means the Zyxel Device is receiving an excellent wireless LAN signal.
4 means the Zyxel Device is receiving a very good wireless LAN signal.
3 means the Zyxel Device is receiving a weak wireless LAN signal,
2 means the Zyxel Device is receiving a very weak wireless LAN signal.
1 means the Zyxel Device is not receiving a wireless LAN signal.
Table 147 System Monitor > WLAN Station Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 32
Cellular Statistics
32.1 Cellular Statistics Overview
Use the Cellular Statistics screens to look at cellular Internet connection status. By default, a cellular
WAN connection is used as a backup for the wired DSL/Ethernet WAN connections.
32.2 The Cellular Statistics Screen
To open this screen, click System Monitor > Cellular Statistics. Cellular information is available on this
screen only when you insert a compatible cellular dongle in the USB port on the Zyxel Device.
Figure 215 System Monitor > Cellular Statistics
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 148 System Monitor > Cellular Statistics
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval Select how often you want the Zyxel Device to update this screen. Select No Refresh to stop
refreshing.
Cellular Status This field displays the status of the cellular Internet connection. This field can display:
GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications, 2G
GPRS - General Packet Radio Service, 2.5G
EDGE - Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution, 2.75G
WCDMA - Wideband Code Division Multiple Access, 3G
HSDPA - High-Speed Downlink Packet Access, 3.5G
HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet Access, 3.75G
HSPA - HSDPA+HSUPA, 3.75G
Service Provider This field displays the name of the service provider.
Signal Strength This field displays the strength of the signal in dBm.
Connection
Uptime
This field displays the time the connection has been up.
Cellular Card
Manufacturer
This field displays the manufacturer of the cellular card.
Cellular Card
Model
This field displays the model name of the cellular card.
Cellular Card F/
W Version
This field displays the firmware version of the cellular card.
SIM Card IMSI The International Mobile Subscriber Identity or IMSI is a unique identification number associated
with all cellular networks. This number is provisioned in the SIM card.
VID/PID This field displays the USB Vendor ID and Product ID of the cellular card.
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CHAPTER 33
System
33.1 System Overview
In the System screen, you can name your Zyxel Device (Host) and give it an associated domain name
for identification purposes.
33.2 The System Screen
Click Maintenance > System to open the following screen. Assign a unique name to this device so it can
be easily recognized on your network. You can use up to 30 characters, including spaces.
Figure 216 Maintenance > System
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 149 Maintenance > System
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Host Name Type a host name for your Zyxel Device. Enter a descriptive name of up to 16 alphanumeric
characters, not including spaces, underscores, and dashes.
Domain Name Type a Domain name for your host Zyxel Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to abandon this screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
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CHAPTER 34
User Account
34.1 User Account Overview
In the User Account screen, you can view the settings of the “admin” and other user accounts that you
use to log into the Zyxel Device.
34.2 The User Account Screen
Click Maintenance > User Account to open the following screen. Use this screen to create or manage
user accounts and their privileges on the Zyxel Device.
Figure 217 Maintenance > User Account
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 150 Maintenance > User Account
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New
Account
Click this button to add a new user account.
#This is the index number
Active This field indicates whether the user account is active or not.
Clear the check box to disable the user account. Select the check box to enable it.
User Name This field displays the name of the account used to log into the Zyxel Device web configurator.
Retry Times This field displays the number of times consecutive wrong passwords can be entered for this
account. 0 means there is no limit.
Idle Timeout This field displays the length of inactive time before the Zyxel Device will automatically log the
user out of the web configurator.
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34.2.1 The User Account Add/Edit Screen
Click Add New Account or the Edit icon of an existing account in the Maintenance > User Account to
open the following screen.
Figure 218 Maintenance > User Account > Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Lock Period This field displays the length of time a user must wait before attempting to log in again after a
number if consecutive wrong passwords have been entered as defined in Retry Times.
Group This field displays whether this user has Administrator or User privileges.
Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the entry.
Click the Delete icon to remove the entry.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Table 150 Maintenance > User Account (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 151 Maintenance > User Account > Add/Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select Enable or Disable to activate or deactivate the user account.
User Name Enter a new name for the account. This field displays the name of an existing account.
Password Type your new system password (up to 256 characters). Note that as you type a password, the
screen displays a (*) for each character you type. After you change the password, use the new
password to access the Zyxel Device.
Verify New
Password
Type the new password again for confirmation.
Retry Times Enter the number of times consecutive wrong passwords can be entered for this account. 0
means there is no limit.
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Idle Timeout Enter the length of inactive time before the Zyxel Device will automatically log the user out of the
web configurator.
Lock Period Enter the length of time a user must wait before attempting to log in again after a number if
consecutive wrong passwords have been entered as defined in Retry Times .
Group Specify whether this user will have Administrator or User privileges.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
OK Click OK to save your changes.
Table 151 Maintenance > User Account > Add/Edit (continued) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 35
Remote Management
35.1 Remote Management Overview
Use remote management to control through which interface(s), each service can access the Zyxel
Device.
Note: The Zyxel Device is managed using the Web Configurator.
35.2 The MGMT Services Screen
Use this screen to configure through which interface(s), each service can access the Zyxel Device. You
can also specify service port numbers computers must use to connect to the Zyxel Device. Click
Maintenance > Remote Management > MGMT Services to open the following screen.
Figure 219 Maintenance > Remote Management > MGMT Services
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
35.3 The Trust Domain Screen
Use this screen to view a list of public IP addresses which are allowed to access the Zyxel Device through
the services configured in the Maintenance > Remote Management > MGMT Services screen.
Click Maintenance > Remote Management > Trust Domain to open the following screen.
Note: If this list is empty, all public IP addresses can’t access the Zyxel Device from the WAN
through the specified services.
Figure 220 Maintenance > Remote Management > Trust Domain
Table 152 Maintenance > Remote Management > MGMT Services
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WAN Interface
used for services
Select Any_WAN to have the Zyxel Device automatically activate the remote management
service when any WAN connection is up.
Select Multi_WAN and then select one or more WAN connections to have the Zyxel Device
activate the remote management service when the selected WAN connections are up.
Service This is the service you may use to access the Zyxel Device.
LAN/WLAN Select the Enable check box for the corresponding services that you want to allow access to the
Zyxel Device from the LAN/WLAN.
WAN Select the Enable check box for the corresponding services that you want to allow access to the
Zyxel Device from all WAN connections.
Trust Domain Select the Enable check box for the corresponding services that you want to allow access to the
Zyxel Device from the trusted hosts configured in the Maintenance > Remote MGMT > Trust
Domain screen.
If you only want certain WAN connections to have access to the Zyxel Device using the
corresponding services, then clear WAN, select Trust Domain and configure the allowed IP
address(es) in the Trust Domain screen.
Port You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the
same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Zyxel Device.
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
35.4 The Add Trust Domain Screen
Use this screen to configure a public IP address which is allowed to access the Zyxel Device. Click the
Add Trust Domain button in the Maintenanc e > Remote Management > Trust Domain screen to open the
following screen.
Figure 221 Maintenance > Remote Management > Trust Domain > Add Trust Domain
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 153 Maintenance > Remote Management > Trust Domain
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Trust
Domain
Click this to add a trusted host IP address.
IP Address This field shows a trusted host IP address.
Delete Click the Delete icon to remove the trust IP address.
Table 154 Maintenance > Remote Management > Trust Domain > Add Trust Domain
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Address Enter a public IPv4 IP address which is allowed to access the service on the Zyxel Device from
the WAN.
OK Click OK to save your changes back to the Zyxel Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
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CHAPTER 36
SNMP
36.1 SNMP Overview
This screen allows you to configure the SNMP settings on the Zyxel Device.
The Simple Network Management Protocol is a protocol used for exchanging management information
between network devices. Your Zyxel Device supports SNMP agent functionality, which allows a
manager station to manage and monitor the Zyxel Device through the network. The next figure
illustrates an SNMP management operation.
Figure 222 SNMP Management Model
An SNMP managed network consists of two main types of components: agents and a manager.
An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the Zyxel Device). An
agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form compatible
with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network administrators perform network
management functions. It executes applications that control and monitor managed devices.
The managed devices contain object variables/managed objects that define each piece of
information to be collected about a device. Examples of variables include the number of packets
received, node port status, etc. A Management Information Base (MIB) is a collection of managed
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objects. SNMP allows a manager and agents to communicate for the purpose of accessing these
objects.
SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol based on the manager/agent model. The manager
issues a request and the agent returns responses using the following protocol operations:
• Get - Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent.
• GetNext - Allows the manager to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an agent.
In SNMPv1, when a manager wants to retrieve all elements of a table from an agent, it initiates a Get
operation, followed by a series of GetNext operations.
• Set - Allows the manager to set values for object variables within an agent.
Trap - Used by the agent to inform the manager of some events.
36.2 The SNMP Screen
Click Maintenance > SNMP to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure the Zyxel Device
SNMP settings.
Configure how the Zyxel Device reports to the Network Management System (NMS) via SNMP using the
screen below.
Figure 223 Maintenance > SNMP
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 155 Maintenance > SNMP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SNMP Agent Enable this switch to let the Zyxel Device act as an SNMP agent, which allows a manager
station to manage and monitor the Zyxel Device through the network, Click on this switch to
enable/disable it. When the switch goes to the right , the function is enabled.
Get Community Enter the Get Community, which is the password for the incoming Get and GetNext requests
from the management station.
Set Community Enter the Set Community, which is the password for the incoming Set requests from the
management station.
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Trap Community Enter the Trap Community, which is the password sent with each trap to the SNMP manager.
The default is public and allows all requests.
System Name Enter the SNMP system name.
System Location Enter the SNMP system location.
System Contact Enter the SNMP system contact.
Trap Destination Type the IP address of the station to send your SNMP traps to.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Zyxel Device.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Table 155 Maintenance > SNMP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 37
Time Settings
37.1 Time Settings Overview
This chapter shows you how to configure system related settings, such as system time, password, name,
the domain name and the inactivity timeout interval.
37.2 The Time Screen
To change your Zyxel Device’s time and date, click Maintenance > Time. The screen appears as shown.
Use this screen to configure the Zyxel Device’s time based on your local time zone. You can add a time
server address, select your time zone, and configure Daylight Savings if your location uses it.
Figure 224 Maintenance > Time
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 156 Maintenance > Time
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current Date/Time
Current Time This field displays the time of your Zyxel Device.
Each time you reload this page, the Zyxel Device synchronizes the time with the time server.
Current Date This field displays the date of your Zyxel Device.
Each time you reload this page, the Zyxel Device synchronizes the date with the time server.
Time and Date Setup
First ~ Fifth Time
Server Address
Select an NTP time server from the drop-down list box.
Otherwise, select Other and enter the IP address or URL (up to 29 extended ASCII characters
in length) of your time server.
Select None if you don’t want to configure the time server.
Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this information.
Time Zone
Time zone Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time
zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
Daylight Savings Daylight Saving Time is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set their
clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening.
Active Click this switch to enable or disable Daylight Saving Time. When the switch goes to the right
, the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Start Rule Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you enabled Daylight Saving.
You can select a specific date in a particular month or a specific day of a specific week in a
particular month. The Time field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the second Sunday of March.
Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in
the United States, set the day to Second, Sunday, the month to March and the time to 2 in the
Hour field.
Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All of the time
zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M.
GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would set the day to Last, Sunday and the month
to March. The time you select in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In Germany for
instance, you would select 2 in the Hour field because Germany's time zone is one hour
ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
End Rule Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you enabled Daylight Saving.
You can select a specific date in a particular month or a specific day of a specific week in a
particular month. The Time field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the first Sunday of November. Each time
zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United
States you would set the day to First, Sunday, the month to November and the time to 2 in the
Hour field.
Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October. All of the
time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1
A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would set the day to Last, Sunday, and the
month to October. The time you select in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In
Germany for instance, you would select 2 in the Hour field because Germany's time zone is
one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
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CHAPTER 38
Email Notification
38.1 Email Notification Overview
A mail server is an application or a computer that can receive, forward and deliver email messages.
To have the Zyxel Device send reports, logs or notifications via email, you must specify an email server
and the email addresses of the sender and receiver.
38.2 The Email Notification Screen
Click Maintenance > Email Notification to open the Email Notification screen. Use this screen to view,
remove and add Email account information on the Zyxel Device. This account can be set to receive
email notifications for logs.
Note: The default port number of the mail server is 25.
Figure 225 Maintenance > Email Notification
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 157 Maintenance > Email Notification
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New Email Click this button to create a new entry.
Mail Server
Address
This field displays the server name or the IP address of the mail server.
Username This field displays the user name of the sender’s mail account.
Port This field displays the port number of the mail server.
Security This field displays the protocol used for encryption.
Email Address This field displays the email address that you want to be in the from/sender line of the email that
the Zyxel Device sends.
Remove Click this button to delete the selected entry(ies).
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38.2.1 Email Notification Edit
Click the Add button in the Email Notification screen. Use this screen to configure the required
information for sending email via a mail server.
Figure 226 Email Notification > Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 158 Email Notification > Add
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Mail Server
Address
Enter the server name or the IP address of the mail server for the email address specified in the
Account Email Address field.
If this field is left blank, reports, logs or notifications will not be sent via email.
Port Enter the same port number here as is on the mail server for mail traffic.
Authentication
Username
Enter the user name (up to 32 characters). This is usually the user name of a mail account you
specified in the Account Email Address field.
Authentication
Password
Enter the password associated with the user name above.
Account Email
Address
Enter the email address that you want to be in the from/sender line of the email notification that
the Zyxel Device sends.
If you activate SSL/TLS authentication, the email address must be able to be authenticated by
the mail server as well.
Connection
Security
Select SSL to use Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) if you want
encrypted communications between the mail server and the Zyxel Device.
Select STARTTLS to upgrade a plain text connection to a secure connection using SSL/TLS.
Cancel Click this button to begin configuring this screen afresh.
OK Click this button to save your changes and return to the previous screen.
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CHAPTER 39
Log Setting
39.1 Logs Setting Overview
You can configure where the Zyxel Device sends logs and which logs and/or immediate alerts the Zyxel
Device records in the Logs Setting screen.
39.2 The Log Settings Screen
To change your Zyxel Device’s log settings, click Maintenance > Log Setting. The screen appears as
shown.
If you have a LAN client on your network or a remote server that is running a syslog utility, you can also
save its log files by enabling Syslog Logging, selecting Remote or Local File and Remote in the Mode
field, and entering the IP address of the LAN client in the Syslog Server field. Remote allows you to store
logs on a syslog server, while Local File allows you to store them on the Zyxel Device. Local File and
Remote means your logs are stored both on the Zyxel Device and on a syslog server.
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Figure 227 Maintenance > Log Setting
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 159 Maintenance > Log Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Syslog Setting
Syslog Logging The Zyxel Device sends a log to an external syslog server. Click this switch to enable or disable to
enable syslog logging. When the switch goes to the right , the function is enabled.
Otherwise, it’s not.
Mode Select the syslog destination from the drop-down list box.
If you select Remote, the log(s) will be sent to a remote syslog server. If you select Local File, the
log(s) will be saved in a local file. If you want to send the log(s) to a remote syslog server and
save it in a local file, select Local File and Remote.
Syslog Server Enter the server name or IP address of the syslog server that will log the selected categories of
logs.
UDP Port Enter the port number used by the syslog server.
Email Log Settings
Email Log
Settings
Click this switch to have the Zyxel Device send logs and alarm messages to the configured email
addresses. When the switch goes to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
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39.2.1 Example Email Log
An "End of Log" message displays for each mail in which a complete log has been sent. The following is
an example of a log sent by email.
• You may edit the subject title.
• The date format here is Day-Month-Year.
• The date format here is Month-Day-Year. The time format is Hour-Minute-Second.
•"End of Log" message shows that a complete log has been sent.
Mail Account Select a mail account from which you want to send logs. You can configure mail accounts in
the Maintenance > Email Notification screen.
System Log Mail
Subject
Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the system log email message that the Zyxel
Device sends.
Security Log
Mail Subject
Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the security log email message that the
Zyxel Device sends.
Send Log to The Zyxel Device sends logs to the email address specified in this field. If this field is left blank, the
Zyxel Device does not send logs via email.
Send Alarm to Alerts are real-time notifications that are sent as soon as an event, such as a DoS attack, system
error, or forbidden web access attempt occurs. Enter the email address where the alert
messages will be sent. Alerts include system errors, attacks and attempted access to blocked
web sites. If this field is left blank, alert messages will not be sent via email.
Alarm Interval Specify how often the alarm should be updated.
Active Log
System Log Select the categories of system logs that you want to record.
Security Log Select the categories of security logs that you want to record.
Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Table 159 Maintenance > Log Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 228 Email Log Example
Subject:
Firewall Alert From
Date:
Fri, 07 Apr 2000 10:05:42
From:
user@zyxel.com
To:
user@zyxel.com
1|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.1 To:192.168.1.255 |default policy |forward
| 09:54:03 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,00> |
2|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.131 To:192.168.1.255 |default policy |forward
| 09:54:17 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,00> |
3|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.6 To:10.10.10.10 |match |forward
| 09:54:19 |UDP src port:03516 dest port:00053 |<1,01> |
……………………………..{snip}…………………………………..
……………………………..{snip}…………………………………..
126|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.1 To:192.168.1.255 |match |forward
| 10:05:00 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,02> |
127|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.131 To:192.168.1.255 |match |forward
| 10:05:17 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,02> |
128|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.1 To:192.168.1.255 |match |forward
| 10:05:30 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,02> |
End of Firewall Log
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CHAPTER 40
Firmware Upgrade
40.1 Firmware Upgrade Overview
This screen lets you upload new firmware to your Zyxel Device. You can download new firmware
releases from your nearest Zyxel FTP site (or www.zyxel.com) to upgrade your device’s performance.
Only use firmware for your device’s specific model. Refer to the label on
the bottom of your Zyxel Device.
40.2 The Firmware Screen
Click Maintena nce > Firmware Upgrade to open the following screen. Download the latest firmware file
from the Zyxel website and upload it to your Zyxel Device using this screen. The upload process uses HTTP
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the Zyxel
Device will reboot.
Do NOT turn off the Zyxel Device while firmware upload is in progress!
Figure 229 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade
The following table describes the labels in this screen. After you see the firmware updating screen, wait
two minutes before logging into the Zyxel Device again.
Table 160 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Upgrade Firmware
Restore Default
Settings After
Firmware
Upgrade
Select the check box to have the Zyxel Device automatically reset itself after the new firmware
is uploaded.
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Figure 230 Firmware Uploading
After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen.
If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click OK to go back to the Firmware
Upgrade screen.
Figure 231 Error Message
Current
Firmware
Version
This is the present Firmware version and the date created.
File Path Type in the location of the file you wasn’t to upload in this field or click Choose File to find it.
Choose File Click this to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress
compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them.
Upload Click this to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.
Upgrade WWAN Package
Current
WWAN
Package
Version
This is the present WWAN Package version and the date created.
File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Choose File to find it.
Choose File Click this to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress
compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them.
Upload Click this to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.
Table 160 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Note that the Zyxel Device automatically restarts during the upload, causing a temporary network
disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.
Network Temporarily Disconnected
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CHAPTER 41
Backup Restore
41.1 Backup Restore Overview
The Backup Restore screen allows you to backup and restore device configurations. You can also reset
your device settings back to the factory default.
41.2 The Backup Restore Screen
Click Maintenance > Backup Restore. Information related to factory default settings and backup
configuration are shown in this screen. You can also use this to restore previous device configurations.
Figure 232 Maintenance > Backup Restore
Backup Configuration
Backup Configuration allows you to back up (save) the Zyxel Device’s current configuration to a file on
your computer. Once your Zyxel Device is configured and functioning properly, it is highly
recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The
backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings.
Click Backup to save the Zyxel Device’s current configuration to your computer.
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Restore Configuration
Restore Configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your
computer to your Zyxel Device.
Do not turn off the Zyxel Device while configuration file upload is in
progress.
After the Zyxel Device configuration has been restored successfully, the login screen appears. Login
again to restart the Zyxel Device.
The Zyxel Device automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some
operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.
Figure 233 Network Temporarily Disconnected
If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your computer
to be in the same subnet as that of the default device IP address (192.168.1.1).
If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click OK to go back to the
Configuration screen.
Figure 234 Configuration Upload Error
Reset to Factory Defaults
Click the Reset button to clear all user-entered configuration information and return the Zyxel Device to
its factory defaults. The following warning screen appears.
Table 161 Restore Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Choose File to find it.
Choose File Click this to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed
(.ZIP) files before you can upload them.
Upload Click this to begin the upload process.
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Figure 235 Reset Warning Message
Figure 236 Reset In Process Message
You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your Zyxel Device.
Refer to Section 1.4.5 on page 53 for more information on the RESET button.
41.3 The Reboot Screen
System Reboot allows you to reboot the Zyxel Device remotely without turning the power off. You may
need to do this if the Zyxel Device hangs, for example.
Click Maintenance > Reboot. Click Reboot to have the Zyxel Device reboot. This does not affect the
Zyxel Device's configuration.
Figure 237 Maintenance > Reboot
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CHAPTER 42
Diagnostic
42.1 Diagnostic Overview
The Diagnostic screens display information to help you identify problems with the Zyxel Device.
The route between a Central Office Very-high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (CO VDSL) switch and one
of its Customer-Premises Equipment (CPE) may go through switches owned by independent
organizations. A connectivity fault point generally takes time to discover and impacts subscriber’s
network access. In order to eliminate the management and maintenance efforts, IEEE 802.1ag is a
Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) specification which allows network administrators to identify
and manage connection faults. Through discovery and verification of the path, CFM can detect,
analyze and isolate connectivity faults in bridged LANs.
42.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The Ping & TraceRoute & NsLookup screen lets you ping an IP address or trace the route packets take
to a host (Section 42.3 on page 366).
• The 802.1ag screen lets you perform CFM actions (Section 42.6 on page 369).
• The 802.3ah screen lets you configure link OAM port parameters(Section 42.5 on page 368).
• The OAM Ping screen lets you send an ATM OAM (Operation, Administration and Maintenance)
packet to verify the connectivity of a specific PVC. (Section 42.6 on page 369).
42.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
How CFM Works
A Maintenance Association (MA) defines a VLAN and associated Maintenance End Point (MEP) ports
on the device under a Maintenance Domain (MD) level. An MEP port has the ability to send
Connectivity Check Messages (CCMs) and get other MEP ports information from neighbor devices’
CCMs within an MA.
CFM provides two tests to discover connectivity faults.
• Loopback test - checks if the MEP port receives its Loop Back Response (LBR) from its target after it
sends the Loop Back Message (LBM). If no response is received, there might be a connectivity fault
between them.
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• Link trace test - provides additional connectivity fault analysis to get more information on where the
fault is. If an MEP port does not respond to the source MEP, this may indicate a fault. Administrators
can take further action to check and resume services from the fault according to the line
connectivity status report.
42.3 Ping & TraceRoute & NsLookup
Use this screen use ping, traceroute, or nslookup for troubleshooting. Ping and traceroute are used to
test whether a particular host is reachable. After entering an IP address and clicking on one of the
buttons to start a test, the results will be shown in the Ping/Traceroute Test area. Use nslookup to find the
IP address for a host name and vice versa. Click Maintenance > Diagnostic >
Ping&TraceRoute&NsLookup to open the screen shown next.
Figure 238 Maintenance > Diagnostic > Ping&TraceRoute&NsLookup
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 162 Maintenance > Diagnostic > Ping & TraceRoute & NsLookup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
URL or IP
Address
Type the IP address of a computer that you want to perform ping, traceroute, or nslookup in
order to test a connection.
Ping Click this to ping the IPv4 address that you entered.
Ping 6 Click this to ping the IPv6 address that you entered.
Trace Route Click this to display the route path and transmission delays between the Zyxel Device to the IPv4
address that you entered.
Trace Route 6 Click this to display the route path and transmission delays between the Zyxel Device to the IPv6
address that you entered.
Nslookup Click this button to perform a DNS lookup on the IP address of a computer you enter.
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42.4 The 802.1ag (CFM) Screen
Click Maintenance > Diagnostic > 802.1ag to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure
and perform Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) actions as defined by the IEEE 802.1ag standard.
CFM protocols include Continuity Check Protocol (CCP), Link Trace (LT), and Loopback (LB).
Figure 239 Maintenance > Diagnostic > 802.1ag
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 163 Maintenance > Diagnostic > 802.1ag
LABEL DESCRIPTION
802.1ag Connectivity Fault Management
IEEE 802.1ag
CFM
Click this switch to enable or disable the IEEE802.1ag CFM specification, which allows network
administrators to identify and manage connection faults. When the switch goes to the right
, the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Y.1731 Click this switch to enable or disable Y.1731, which monitors Ethernet performance. When the
switch goes to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Interface Select the interface on which you want to enable the IEE 802.1ag CFM.
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42.5 The 802.3ah (OAM) Screen
Click Maintenance > Diagnostic > 803.ah to open the following screen. Link layer Ethernet OAM
(Operations, Administration and Maintenance) as described in IEEE 802.3ah is a link monitoring protocol.
It utilizes OAM Protocol Data Units (OAM PDU’s) to transmit link status information between directly
connected Ethernet devices. Both devices must support IEEE 802.3ah.
Figure 240 Maintenance > Diagnostic > 802.3ah
Maintenance
Domain (MD)
Level
Select a level (0-7) under which you want to create an MA.
MD Name Enter a descriptive name for the MD (Maintenance Domain).
MA ID Enter a descriptive name to identify the Maintenance Association.
802.1Q VLAN ID Type a VLAN ID (1-4094) for this MA.
Local MEP ID Enter the local Maintenance Endpoint Identifier (1~8191).
CCM Select Enable to continue sending MEP information by CCM (Connectivity Check Messages).
When CCMs are received the VMG will always process it, whether CCM is enabled or not.
Remote MEP ID Enter the remote Maintenance Endpoint Identifier (1~8191).
Test the connection to another Maintenance End Point (MEP)
Destination
MAC Address
Enter the target device’s MAC address to which the Zyxel Device performs a CFM loopback and
linktrace test.
Test Result
Loopback
Message (LBM)
This shows Pass if a Loop Back Messages (LBMs) responses are received. If LBMs do not get a
response it shows Fail.
Linktrace
Message (LTM)
This shows the MAC address of MEPs that respond to the LTMs.
Apply Click this button to save your changes.
Send Loopback Click this button to have the selected MEP send the LBM (Loop Back Message) to a specified
remote end point.
Send Linktrace Click this button to have the selected MEP send the LTMs (Link Trace Messages) to a specified
remote end point.
Table 163 Maintenance > Diagnostic > 802.1ag (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
42.6 The OAM Ping Screen
Click Maintenance > Diagnostic > OAM Ping to open the screen shown next. Use this screen to perform
an OAM (Operation, Administration and Maintenance) F4 or F5 loopback test on a PVC. The Zyxel
Device sends an OAM F4 or F5 packet to the DSLAM or ATM switch and then returns it to the Zyxel
Device. The test result then displays in the text box. ATM sets up virtual circuits over which end systems
communicate. The terminology for virtual circuits is as follows:
Figure 241 Virtual Circuit Topology
Table 164 Maintenance > Diagnostics > 802.3ah
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet OAM Click this switch to enable or disable the Ethernet OAM on the specified interface.
When the switch goes to the right , the function is enabled. Otherwise, it’s not.
Interface Select the interface on which you want to enable the IEEE802.3ah.
OAM ID Enter a positive integer to identify this node.
Auto Event Click this switch to detect link status and send a notification when an error (such as
errors in symbol, frames, or seconds) is detected. Otherwise, disable this and you will
not be notified. When the switch goes to the right , the function is enabled.
Otherwise, it’s not.
Features Select Variable Retrieval so the Zyxel Device can respond to requests for
information, such as requests for Ethernet counters and statistics, about link events.
Select Link Events so the Zyxel Device can interpret link events, such as link fault and
dying asp.Link events are set in event notification PDUs (Protocol Data Units), and
indicate when the number of errors in a certain given interval (time, number of
frames, number of symbols, or number of errored frame seconds) exceeds a
specified threshold. Organizations may create organization-specific link event TLVs
as well.
Select Remote Loopback so the Zyxel Device can accept loopback control PDUs to
convert VMG into loopback mode.
Select Active Mode so the Zyxel Device initiates OAM discovery, send information
PDUs; and may send event notification PDUs, variable request/response PDUs, or
loopback control PDUs.
Apply Click this button to save your changes.
• Virtual Channel (VC) Logical connections between ATM devices
• Virtual Path (VP) A bundle of virtual channels
• Virtual Circuits A series of virtual paths between circuit end points
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Think of a virtual path as a cable that contains a bundle of wires. The cable connects two points and
wires within the cable provide individual circuits between the two points. In an ATM cell header, a VPI
(Virtual Path Identifier) identifies a link formed by a virtual path; a VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier)
identifies a channel within a virtual path. A series of virtual paths make up a virtual circuit.
F4 cells operate at the virtual path (VP) level, while F5 cells operate at the virtual channel (VC) level. F4
cells use the same VPI as the user data cells on VP connections, but use different predefined VCI values.
F5 cells use the same VPI and VCI as the user data cells on the VC connections, and are distinguished
from data cells by a predefined Payload Type Identifier (PTI) in the cell header. Both F4 flows and F5
flows are bidirectional and have two types.
• segment F4 flows (VCI=3)
• end-to-end F4 flows (VCI=4)
• segment F5 flows (PTI=100)
• end-to-end F5 flows (PTI=101)
OAM F4 or F5 tests are used to check virtual path or virtual channel availability between two DSL
devices. Segment flows are terminated at the connecting point which terminates a VP or VC segment.
End-to-end flows are terminated at the end point of a VP or VC connection, where an ATM link is
terminated. Segment loopback tests allow you to verify integrity of a PVC to the nearest neighboring
ATM device. End-to-end loopback tests allow you to verify integrity of an end-to-end PVC.
Note: The DSLAM to which the Zyxel Device is connected must also support ATM F4 and/or F5
to use this test.
Note: This screen is available only when you configure an ATM layer-2 interface.
Figure 242 Maintenance > Diagnostic > OAM Ping
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 165 Maintenance > Diagnostic > OAM Ping
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Select a PVC on which you want to perform the loopback test.
F4 segment Press this to perform an OAM F4 segment loopback test.
F4 end-end Press this to perform an OAM F4 end-to-end loopback test.
F5 segment Press this to perform an OAM F5 segment loopback test.
F5 end-end Press this to perform an OAM F5 end-to-end loopback test.
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CHAPTER 43
Troubleshooting
This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are
divided into the following categories.
•Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
•Zyxel Device Access and Login
•Internet Access
•Wireless Internet Access
•USB Device Connection
•UPnP
43.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
The Zyxel Device does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.
1Make sure the Zyxel Device is turned on.
2Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the Zyxel Device.
3Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the Zyxel Device and plugged in to an
appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.
4Turn the Zyxel Device off and on.
5If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.
1Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section Figure 19 on page 30.
2Check the hardware connections.
3Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.
4Turn the Zyxel Device off and on.
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5If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
43.2 Zyxel Device Access and Login
I forgot the IP address for the Zyxel Device.
1The default LAN IP address is 192.168.1.1.
2If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the Zyxel Device by
looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows
computers, click Start > R un, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway
might be the IP address of the Zyxel Device (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in your
Internet browser.
3If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 1.4.5 on page 53.
I forgot the password.
1See the cover page for the default login names and associated passwords.
2If those do not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 1.4.5 on page 53.
I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator.
1Make sure you are using the correct IP address.
• The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.
• If you changed the IP address (Section 8.2 on page 179), use the new IP address.
• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I
forgot the IP address for the Zyxel Device.
2Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See Section
Figure 19 on page 30.
3Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts and Java
enabled.
4If it is possible to log in from another interface, check the service control settings for HTTP and HTTPS
(Maintenance > Remote MGMT).
5Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the Zyxel Device with the default IP address.
See Section 1.4.5 on page 53.
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6If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced
suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• Make sure you have logged out of any earlier management sessions using the same user account
even if they were through a different interface or using a different browser.
• Try to access the Zyxel Device using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access the Zyxel
Device, check the remote management settings and firewall rules to find out why the Zyxel Device
does not respond to HTTP.
I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the Zyxel Device.
1Make sure you have entered the password correctly. See the cover page for the default login names
and associated passwords. The field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
2You cannot log in to the web configurator while someone is using Telnet to access the Zyxel Device. Log
out of the Zyxel Device in the other session, or ask the person who is logged in to log out.
3Turn the Zyxel Device off and on.
4If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 43.1 on page 371.
I cannot Telnet to the Zyxel Device.
See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator.
Ignore the suggestions about your browser.
I cannot use FTP to upload / download the configuration file. / I cannot use FTP to upload new
firmware.
See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator.
Ignore the suggestions about your browser.
43.3 Internet Access
I cannot access the Internet.
1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide and Section Figure 19 on page 30.
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2Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the Network Setting > Broadband
screen. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
3If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure that you enabled the wireless LAN in the
Zyxel Device and your wireless client and that the wireless settings in the wireless client are the same as
the settings in the Zyxel Device.
4Disconnect all the cables from your device and reconnect them.
5If you’re connecting an Ethernet cable to the WAN port for Ethernet WAN connections, and an RJ-11
cable to the DSL port for DSL connections at the same time. Make sure you have the Ethernet WAN port
connected to a MODEM or Router that has Internet access. If it doesn’t, remove the Ethernet cable or
restore the fourth LAN port back from a WAN port to a LAN port. See
The Ethernet WAN connection has priority over the DSL connection. The Zyxel Device follows this rule,
even the Ethernet WAN port doesn’t have an IP for Internet connections. See Section 1.1.5 on page 22
for more information about WAN priority.
6If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
I cannot access the Internet through a DSL connection.
1Make sure you have the DSL WAN port connected to a telephone jack (or the DSL or modem jack on a
splitter if you have one).
2Make sure you configured a proper DSL WAN interface (Network Setting > Broadband screen) with the
Internet account information provided by your ISP and that it is enabled.
3Check that the LAN interface you are connected to is in the same interface group as the DSL
connection (Network Setting > Interface Grouping).
4If you set up a WAN connection using bridging service, make sure you turn off the DHCP feature in the
LAN screen to have the clients get WAN IP addresses directly from your ISP’s DHCP server.
I cannot connect to the Internet using a second DSL connection.
ADSL and VDSL connections cannot work at the same time. You can only use one type of DSL
connection, either ADSL or VDSL connection at one time.
I cannot connect to the Internet using an Ethernet connection.
1Make sure you have the Ethernet WAN port connected to a MODEM or Router.
2Make sure you configured a proper Ethernet WAN interface (Network Setting > Broadband screen) with
the Internet account information provided by your ISP and that it is enabled.
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3Check that the WAN interface you are connected to is in the same interface group as the Ethernet
connection (Network Setting > Interface Group).
4If you set up a WAN connection using bridging service, make sure you turn off the DHCP feature in the
LAN screen to have the clients get WAN IP addresses directly from your ISP’s DHCP server.
I cannot connect to the Internet using a cellular connection.
1The DSL and Ethernet connections have priority in that order. If the DSL or Ethernet connection is up,
then the cellular connection will be down.
2Make sure you have connected a compatible cellular dongle to the USB port.
3Make sure you have configured Network Setting > Broadband > Cellular Backup correctly.
4Check that the Zyxel Device is within range of a cellular base station.
I cannot access the Zyxel Device anymore. I had access to the Zyxel Device, but my connection
is not available anymore.
1Your session with the Zyxel Device may have expired. Try logging into the Zyxel Device again.
2Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick
Start Guide and Section Figure 19 on page 30.
3Turn the Zyxel Device off and on.
4If the problem continues, contact your vendor.
43.4 Wireless Internet Access
What factors may cause intermittent or unstabled wireless connection? How can I solve this
problem?
The following factors may cause interference:
• Obstacles: walls, ceilings, furniture, and so on.
• Building Materials: metal doors, aluminum studs.
• Electrical devices: microwaves, monitors, electric motors, cordless phones, and other wireless devices.
To optimize the speed and quality of your wireless connection, you can:
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• Move your wireless device closer to the AP if the signal strength is low.
• Reduce wireless interference that may be caused by other wireless networks or surrounding wireless
electronics such as cordless phones.
• Place the AP where there are minimum obstacles (such as walls and ceilings) between the AP and
the wireless client.
• Reduce the number of wireless clients connecting to the same AP simultaneously, or add additional
APs if necessary.
• Try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. If the wireless
client is sending or receiving a lot of information, it may have too many programs open that use the
Internet.
What is a Server Set ID (SSID)?
An SSID is a name that uniquely identifies a wireless network. The AP and all the clients within a wireless
network must use the same SSID.
43.5 USB Device Connection
The Zyxel Device fails to detect my USB device.
1Disconnect the USB device.
2Reboot the Zyxel Device.
3If you are connecting a USB hard drive that comes with an external power supply, make sure it is
connected to an appropriate power source that is on.
4Re-connect your USB device to the Zyxel Device.
43.6 UPnP
When using UPnP and the Zyxel Device reboots, my computer cannot detect UPnP and refresh
My Network Places > Local Network.
1Disconnect the Ethernet cable from the Zyxel Device’s LAN port or from your computer.
2Re-connect the Ethernet cable.
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The Local Area Connection icon for UPnP disappears in the screen.
Restart your computer.
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PART III
Appendices
Appendices contain general information. Some information may not apply to your device.
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APPENDIX A
Customer Support
In the event of problems that cannot be solved by using this manual, you should contact your vendor. If
you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a Zyxel office for the region in which you bought the
device.
See https://www.zyxel.com/homepage.shtml and also
https://www.zyxel.com/about_zyxel/zyxel_worldwide.shtml for the latest information.
Please have the following information ready when you contact an office.
Required Information
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide)
Taiwan
• Zyxel Communications Corporation
• http://www.zyxel.com
Asia
China
• Zyxel Communications (Shanghai) Corp.
Zyxel Communications (Beijing) Corp.
Zyxel Communications (Tianjin) Corp.
• https://www.zyxel.com/cn/zh/
India
•Zyxel Technology India Pvt Ltd
• https://www.zyxel.com/in/en/
Kazakhstan
•Zyxel Kazakhstan
• https://www.zyxel.kz
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Korea
• Zyxel Korea Corp.
• http://www.zyxel.kr
Malaysia
• Zyxel Malaysia Sdn Bhd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.my
Pakistan
• Zyxel Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.pk
Philippines
• Zyxel Philippines
• http://www.zyxel.com.ph
Singapore
• Zyxel Singapore Pte Ltd.
• http://www.zyxel.com.sg
Taiwan
• Zyxel Communications Corporation
• https://www.zyxel.com/tw/zh/
Thailand
• Zyxel Thailand Co., Ltd
• https://www.zyxel.com/th/th/
Vietnam
• Zyxel Communications Corporation-Vietnam Office
• https://www.zyxel.com/vn/vi
Europe
Belarus
•Zyxel BY
• https://www.zyxel.by
Belgium
• Zyxel Communications B.V.
• https://www.zyxel.com/be/nl/
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• https://www.zyxel.com/be/fr/
Bulgaria
•Zyxel България
• https://www.zyxel.com/bg/bg/
Czech Republic
• Zyxel Communications Czech s.r.o
• https://www.zyxel.com/cz/cs/
Denmark
• Zyxel Communications A/S
• https://www.zyxel.com/dk/da/
Estonia
• Zyxel Estonia
• https://www.zyxel.com/ee/et/
Finland
• Zyxel Communications
• https://www.zyxel.com/fi/fi/
France
•Zyxel France
• https://www.zyxel.fr
Germany
•Zyxel Deutschland GmbH
• https://www.zyxel.com/de/de/
Hungary
• Zyxel Hungary & SEE
• https://www.zyxel.com/hu/hu/
Italy
• Zyxel Communications Italy
• https://www.zyxel.com/it/it/
Latvia
•Zyxel Latvia
• https://www.zyxel.com/lv/lv/
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Lithuania
•Zyxel Lithuania
• https://www.zyxel.com/lt/lt/
Netherlands
• Zyxel Benelux
• https://www.zyxel.com/nl/nl/
Norway
• Zyxel Communications
• https://www.zyxel.com/no/no/
Poland
• Zyxel Communications Poland
• https://www.zyxel.com/pl/pl/
Romania
• Zyxel Romania
• https://www.zyxel.com/ro/ro
Russia
• Zyxel Russia
• https://www.zyxel.com/ru/ru/
Slovakia
• Zyxel Communications Czech s.r.o. organizacna zlozka
• https://www.zyxel.com/sk/sk/
Spain
• Zyxel Communications ES Ltd
• https://www.zyxel.com/es/es/
Sweden
• Zyxel Communications
• https://www.zyxel.com/se/sv/
Switzerland
•Studerus AG
• https://www.zyxel.ch/de
• https://www.zyxel.ch/fr
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Turkey
• Zyxel Turkey A.S.
• https://www.zyxel.com/tr/tr/
UK
• Zyxel Communications UK Ltd.
• https://www.zyxel.com/uk/en/
Ukraine
•Zyxel Ukraine
• http://www.ua.zyxel.com
South America
Argentina
• Zyxel Communications Corporation
• https://www.zyxel.com/co/es/
Brazil
• Zyxel Communications Brasil Ltda.
• https://www.zyxel.com/br/pt/
Colombia
• Zyxel Communications Corporation
• https://www.zyxel.com/co/es/
Ecuador
• Zyxel Communications Corporation
• https://www.zyxel.com/co/es/
South America
• Zyxel Communications Corporation
• https://www.zyxel.com/co/es/
Middle East
Israel
• Zyxel Communications Corporation
• http://il.zyxel.com/
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Middle East
• Zyxel Communications Corporation
• https://www.zyxel.com/me/en/
North America
USA
• Zyxel Communications, Inc. - North America Headquarters
• https://www.zyxel.com/us/en/
Oceania
Australia
• Zyxel Communications Corporation
• https://www.zyxel.com/au/en/
Africa
South Africa
• Nology (Pty) Ltd.
• https://www.zyxel.com/za/en/
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APPENDIX B
Wireless LANs
Wireless LAN Topologies
This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.
Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration
The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers
with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other,
they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an ad-hoc network or
Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers
using wireless adapters to form an ad-hoc wireless LAN.
Figure 243 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network
BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless
client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A
and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled,
wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.
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Figure 244 Basic Service Set
ESS
An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point,
with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is
called a Distribution System (DS).
This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide
communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate
neighborhood.
An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless
clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate.
DSL
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Figure 245 Infrastructure WLAN
Channel
A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data. Channels
available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so
you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference.
Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and
degrading performance.
Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be
on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if
your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel
between 6 or 11.
RTS/CTS
A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within
range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range
of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear"
each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are
considered hidden from each other.
DSL DSL
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Figure 246 RTS/CTS
When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If
these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the
AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.
RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data
frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked.
When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants
to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send
it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify
them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame
for the requested transmission.
Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request
To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.
You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost"
of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To
Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.
If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request
To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before
they reach RTS/CTS size.
Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively
affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.
Fragmentation Threshold
A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can
be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames.
A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you
should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference.
DSL
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If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the
RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be
fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.
IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN
IEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can
interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on
range. IEEE 802.11g has several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data
rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:
Wireless Security Overview
Wireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless clients,
access points and the wired network.
Wireless security methods available on the Zyxel Device are data encryption, wireless client
authentication, restricting access by device MAC address and hiding the Zyxel Device identity.
The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on your
Zyxel Device.
Note: You must enable the same wireless security settings on the Zyxel Device and on all
wireless clients that you want to associate with it.
IEEE 802.1x
In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support
extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is
supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are:
Table 166 IEEE 802.11g
DATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION
1 DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed)
2 DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)
5.5 / 11 CCK (Complementary Code Keying)
6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
Table 167 Wireless Security Levels
SECURITY
LEVEL SECURITY TYPE
Least Secure
Most Secure
Unique SSID (Default)
Unique SSID with Hide SSID Enabled
MAC Address Filtering
WEP Encryption
IEEE802.1x EAP with RADIUS Server Authentication
WiFi Protected Access (WPA)
WPA2
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• User based identification that allows for roaming.
• Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user
profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server.
• Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional authentication
methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless clients.
RADIUS
RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting.
The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following
tasks:
• Authentication
Determines the identity of the users.
•Authorization
Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the
network.
• Accounting
Keeps track of the client’s network activity.
RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless
client and the network RADIUS server.
Types of RADIUS Messages
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS
server for user authentication:
• Access-Request
Sent by an access point requesting authentication.
• Access-Reject
Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.
• Access-Accept
Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access.
• Access-Challenge
Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends
a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message.
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS
server for user accounting:
• Accounting-Request
Sent by the access point requesting accounting.
• Accounting-Response
Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting.
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In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key,
which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key,
password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access.
Types of EAP Authentication
This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP.
Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types.
EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE 802.1x
transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP to interact
with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a RADIUS server
perform authentication.
The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that
supports IEEE 802.1x.
For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain the
certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used to
authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner.
EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)
MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a
challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client ‘proves’ that it knows the password by encrypting the
password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text.
However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the
plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server
may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5
authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method
does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for
data encryption.
EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)
With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual
authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server,
the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open
before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital
certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity. However, to implement EAP-
TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management
overhead.
EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service)
EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side
authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending
username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client
authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP,
MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2.
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PEAP (Protected EAP)
Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use
simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients,
thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2
and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by
Cisco.
LEAP
LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x.
Dynamic WEP Key Exchange
The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless
connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each
time reauthentication is performed.
If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless security
configuration screen. You may still configure and store keys, but they will not be used while dynamic
WEP is enabled.
Note: EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key Exchange
For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for
data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a
simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the
features of authentication types.
WPA and WPA2
WiFi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless
security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA.
Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user
authentication.
If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2
for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2-PSK
(WPA2-Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point,
Table 168 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types
EAP-MD5 EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS PEAP LEAP
Mutual Authentication No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Certificate – Client No Yes Optional Optional No
Certificate – Server No Yes Yes Yes No
Dynamic Key Exchange No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Credential Integrity None Strong Strong Strong Moderate
Deployment Difficulty Easy Hard Moderate Moderate Moderate
Client Identity Protection No No Yes Yes No
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wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted
access to a WLAN.
If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether
you have an external RADIUS server or not.
Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure
than WPA or WPA2.
Encryption
WPA improves data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check
(MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA2 also uses TKIP when required for compatibility reasons, but offers stronger
encryption than TKIP with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block
chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP).
TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. AES
(Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm called
Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named
Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism.
WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is
never used twice.
The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy
and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to
encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This
all happens in the background automatically.
The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets,
altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the
receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is
assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped.
By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity
checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a WiFi network than
WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network.
The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference
between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific
credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-
guessing attacks but it’s still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent, single, alphanumeric
password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal encryption keys. This prevent all
wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of WEP)
User Authentication
WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless
clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange messages from
six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a network. Other
WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and pre-authentication.
These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless devices.
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Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication with
an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not need to go
with the authentication process again.
Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to
perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it.
Wireless Client WPA Supplicants
A wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless client
how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch for
Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client.
The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero
Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it.
WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example
To set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the
RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A"
is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system.
1The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.
2The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies
network access accordingly.
3A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the RADIUS server and
the client.
4The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and management
system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The keys are used to
encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients.
Figure 247 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example
A
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WPA(2)-PSK Application Example
A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.
1First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist
of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters (including spaces and symbols).
2The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password
matches.
3The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not sent over
the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID.
4The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged
in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data exchanged
between them.
Figure 248 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication
Security Parameters Summary
Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each authentication
method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you
configure these security features.
Table 169 Wireless Security Relational Matrix
AUTHENTICATION METHOD/
KEY MANAGEMENT
PROTOCOL
ENCRYPTION
METHOD ENTER MANUAL
KEY IEEE 802.1X
Open None No Disable
Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Open WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Disable
Shared WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key
Yes Disable
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Antenna Overview
An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the
antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by
capturing RF signals from the air.
Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN.
Antenna Characteristics
Frequency
An antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g) or 5GHz (IEEE 802.11a) is needed
to communicate efficiently in a wireless LAN
Radiation Pattern
A radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antenna’s coverage area.
Antenna Gain
Antenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width. Higher
antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications.
For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately 2.5%.
For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of approximately
5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment.
Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal power
compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna that
sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the antenna
provides.
Types of Antennas for WLAN
There are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications.
• Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The coverage
area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room environment. With a
wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage areas with multiple access
points.
WPA TKIP/AES No Enable
WPA-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable
WPA2 TKIP/AES No Enable
WPA2-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable
Table 169 Wireless Security Relational Matrix (continued)
AUTHENTICATION METHOD/
KEY MANAGEMENT
PROTOCOL
ENCRYPTION
METHOD ENTER MANUAL
KEY IEEE 802.1X
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• Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light from its
bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles typically range
from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional antennas are ideal for
hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications.
Positioning Antennas
In general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In
point-to–point application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to
each other to attain the best performance.
For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For omni-
directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP application,
place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible.
For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area.
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APPENDIX C
IPv6
Overview
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to enhance IP address size and features. The increase in
IPv6 address size to 128 bits (from the 32-bit IPv4 address) allows up to 3.4 x 1038 IP addresses.
IPv6 Addressing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This is an
example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be
written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can
only appear once in an IPv6 address. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be
written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015,
2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
Prefix and Prefix Length
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An IPv6
prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address compose the
network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
Link-local Address
A link-local address uniquely identifies a device on the local network (the LAN). It is similar to a “private IP
address” in IPv4. You can have the same link-local address on multiple interfaces on a device. A link-
local unicast address has a predefined prefix of fe80::/10. The link-local unicast address format is as
follows.
Table 170 Link-local Unicast Address Format
Global Address
A global address uniquely identifies a device on the Internet. It is similar to a “public IP address” in IPv4. A
global unicast address starts with a 2 or 3.
1111 1110 10 0 Interface ID
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
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Unspecified Address
An unspecified address (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 or ::) is used as the source address when a device does not have
its own address. It is similar to “0.0.0.0” in IPv4.
Loopback Address
A loopback address (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1) allows a host to send packets to itself. It is similar to “127.0.0.1”
in IPv4.
Multicast Address
In IPv6, multicast addresses provide the same functionality as IPv4 broadcast addresses. Broadcasting is
not supported in IPv6. A multicast address allows a host to send packets to all hosts in a multicast group.
Multicast scope allows you to determine the size of the multicast group. A multicast address has a
predefined prefix of ff00::/8. The following table describes some of the predefined multicast addresses.
The following table describes the multicast addresses which are reserved and can not be assigned to a
multicast group.
Table 171 Predefined Multicast Address
MULTICAST ADDRESS DESCRIPTION
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 All hosts on a local node.
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 All routers on a local node.
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 All hosts on a local connected link.
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 All routers on a local connected link.
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:2 All routers on a local site.
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:1:3 All DHCP severs on a local site.
Table 172 Reserved Multicast Address
MULTICAST ADDRESS
FF00:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF03:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF04:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF05:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF06:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF07:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF08:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF09:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0A:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0B:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0C:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0D:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
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Subnet Masking
Both an IPv6 address and IPv6 subnet mask compose of 128-bit binary digits, which are divided into
eight 16-bit blocks and written in hexadecimal notation. Hexadecimal uses four bits for each character
(1 ~ 10, A ~ F). Each block’s 16 bits are then represented by four hexadecimal characters. For example,
FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FC00:0000:0000:0000.
Interface ID
In IPv6, an interface ID is a 64-bit identifier. It identifies a physical interface (for example, an Ethernet
port) or a virtual interface (for example, the management IP address for a VLAN). One interface should
have a unique interface ID.
EUI-64
The EUI-64 (Extended Unique Identifier) defined by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers) is an interface ID format designed to adapt with IPv6. It is derived from the 48-bit (6-byte)
Ethernet MAC address as shown next. EUI-64 inserts the hex digits fffe between the third and fourth bytes
of the MAC address and complements the seventh bit of the first byte of the MAC address. See the
following example.
Identity Association
An Identity Association (IA) is a collection of addresses assigned to a DHCP client, through which the
server and client can manage a set of related IP addresses. Each IA must be associated with exactly
one interface. The DHCP client uses the IA assigned to an interface to obtain configuration from a DHCP
server for that interface. Each IA consists of a unique IAID and associated IP information.
The IA type is the type of address in the IA. Each IA holds one type of address. IA_NA means an identity
association for non-temporary addresses and IA_TA is an identity association for temporary addresses.
An IA_NA option contains the T1 and T2 fields, but an IA_TA option does not. The DHCPv6 server uses T1
and T2 to control the time at which the client contacts with the server to extend the lifetimes on any
addresses in the IA_NA before the lifetimes expire. After T1, the client sends the server (S1) (from which
the addresses in the IA_NA were obtained) a Renew message. If the time T2 is reached and the server
FF0E:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
FF0F:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
Table 172 Reserved Multicast Address (continued)
MULTICAST ADDRESS
MAC 00 : 13 : 49 :12 : 34 :56
EUI-64 02:13 :49 :FF :FE :12 : 34 :56
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does not respond, the client sends a Rebind message to any available server (S2). For an IA_TA, the
client may send a Renew or Rebind message at the client's discretion.
DHCP Relay Agent
A DHCP relay agent is on the same network as the DHCP clients and helps forward messages between
the DHCP server and clients. When a client cannot use its link-local address and a well-known multicast
address to locate a DHCP server on its network, it then needs a DHCP relay agent to send a message to
a DHCP server that is not attached to the same network.
The DHCP relay agent can add the remote identification (remote-ID) option and the interface-ID option
to the Relay-Forward DHCPv6 messages. The remote-ID option carries a user-defined string, such as the
system name. The interface-ID option provides slot number, port information and the VLAN ID to the
DHCPv6 server. The remote-ID option (if any) is stripped from the Relay-Reply messages before the relay
agent sends the packets to the clients. The DHCP server copies the interface-ID option from the Relay-
Forward message into the Relay-Reply message and sends it to the relay agent. The interface-ID should
not change even after the relay agent restarts.
Prefix Delegation
Prefix delegation enables an IPv6 router to use the IPv6 prefix (network address) received from the ISP (or
a connected uplink router) for its LAN. The Zyxel Device uses the received IPv6 prefix (for example,
2001:db2::/48) to generate its LAN IP address. Through sending Router Advertisements (RAs) regularly by
multicast, the Zyxel Device passes the IPv6 prefix information to its LAN hosts. The hosts then can use the
prefix to generate their IPv6 addresses.
ICMPv6
Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 (ICMPv6 or ICMP for IPv6) is defined in RFC 4443. ICMPv6 has
a preceding Next Header value of 58, which is different from the value used to identify ICMP for IPv4.
ICMPv6 is an integral part of IPv6. IPv6 nodes use ICMPv6 to report errors encountered in packet
processing and perform other diagnostic functions, such as "ping".
Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)
The Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) is a protocol used to discover other IPv6 devices and track
neighbor’s reachability in a network. An IPv6 device uses the following ICMPv6 messages types:
• Neighbor solicitation: A request from a host to determine a neighbor’s link-layer address (MAC
address) and detect if the neighbor is still reachable. A neighbor being “reachable” means it
responds to a neighbor solicitation message (from the host) with a neighbor advertisement message.
• Neighbor advertisement: A response from a node to announce its link-layer address.
T1
T2
Renew Rebind
Rebind
to S1
Renew
to S1
Renew
to S1
Renew
to S1
Renew
to S1
Renew
to S1
to S2
to S2
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• Router solicitation: A request from a host to locate a router that can act as the default router and
forward packets.
• Router advertisement: A response to a router solicitation or a periodical multicast advertisement from
a router to advertise its presence and other parameters.
IPv6 Cache
An IPv6 host is required to have a neighbor cache, destination cache, prefix list and default router list.
The Zyxel Device maintains and updates its IPv6 caches constantly using the information from response
messages. In IPv6, the Zyxel Device configures a link-local address automatically, and then sends a
neighbor solicitation message to check if the address is unique. If there is an address to be resolved or
verified, the Zyxel Device also sends out a neighbor solicitation message. When the Zyxel Device
receives a neighbor advertisement in response, it stores the neighbor’s link-layer address in the neighbor
cache. When the Zyxel Device uses a router solicitation message to query for a router and receives a
router advertisement message, it adds the router’s information to the neighbor cache, prefix list and
destination cache. The Zyxel Device creates an entry in the default router list cache if the router can be
used as a default router.
When the Zyxel Device needs to send a packet, it first consults the destination cache to determine the
next hop. If there is no matching entry in the destination cache, the Zyxel Device uses the prefix list to
determine whether the destination address is on-link and can be reached directly without passing
through a router. If the address is unlink, the address is considered as the next hop. Otherwise, the Zyxel
Device determines the next-hop from the default router list or routing table. Once the next hop IP
address is known, the Zyxel Device looks into the neighbor cache to get the link-layer address and sends
the packet when the neighbor is reachable. If the Zyxel Device cannot find an entry in the neighbor
cache or the state for the neighbor is not reachable, it starts the address resolution process. This helps
reduce the number of IPv6 solicitation and advertisement messages.
Multicast Listener Discovery
The Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol (defined in RFC 2710) is derived from IPv4's Internet
Group Management Protocol version 2 (IGMPv2). MLD uses ICMPv6 message types, rather than IGMP
message types. MLDv1 is equivalent to IGMPv2 and MLDv2 is equivalent to IGMPv3.
MLD allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover the presence of MLD listeners who wish to receive
multicast packets and the IP addresses of multicast groups the hosts want to join on its network.
MLD snooping and MLD proxy are analogous to IGMP snooping and IGMP proxy in IPv4.
MLD filtering controls which multicast groups a port can join.
MLD Messages
A multicast router or switch periodically sends general queries to MLD hosts to update the multicast
forwarding table. When an MLD host wants to join a multicast group, it sends an MLD Report message
for that address.
An MLD Done message is equivalent to an IGMP Leave message. When an MLD host wants to leave a
multicast group, it can send a Done message to the router or switch. The router or switch then sends a
group-specific query to the port on which the Done message is received to determine if other devices
connected to this port should remain in the group.
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Example - Enabling IPv6 on Windows XP/2003/Vista
By default, Windows XP and Windows 2003 support IPv6. This example shows you how to use the ipv6
install command on Windows XP/2003 to enable IPv6. This also displays how to use the ipconfig
command to see auto-generated IP addresses.
IPv6 is installed and enabled by default in Windows Vista. Use the ipconfig command to check your
automatic configured IPv6 address as well. You should see at least one IPv6 address available for the
interface on your computer.
Example - Enabling DHCPv6 on Windows XP
Windows XP does not support DHCPv6. If your network uses DHCPv6 for IP address assignment, you have
to additionally install a DHCPv6 client software on your Windows XP. (Note: If you use static IP addresses
or Router Advertisement for IPv6 address assignment in your network, ignore this section.)
This example uses Dibbler as the DHCPv6 client. To enable DHCPv6 client on your computer:
1Install Dibbler and select the DHCPv6 client option on your computer.
2After the installation is complete, select Start > All Programs > Dibbler-DHCPv6 > Client Install as service.
3Select Start > Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Services.
4Double click Dibbler - a DHCPv6 client.
C:\>ipv6 install
Installing...
Succeeded.
C:\>ipconfig
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.1.46
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : fe80::2d0:59ff:feb8:103c%4
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.1.254
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5Click Start and then OK.
6Now your computer can obtain an IPv6 address from a DHCPv6 server.
Example - Enabling IPv6 on Windows 7
Windows 7 supports IPv6 by default. DHCPv6 is also enabled when you enable IPv6 on a Windows 7
computer.
To enable IPv6 in Windows 7:
1Select Control Panel > Network and Sharing Center > Local Area Connection.
2Select the Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6) checkbox to enable it.
3Click OK to save the change.
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4Click Close to exit the Local Area Connection Status screen.
5Select Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
6Use the ipconfig command to check your dynamic IPv6 address. This example shows a global address
(2001:b021:2d::1000) obtained from a DHCP server.
C:\>ipconfig
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:b021:2d::1000
Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::25d8:dcab:c80a:5189%11
IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.100.61
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : fe80::213:49ff:feaa:7125%11
172.16.100.254
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APPENDIX D
Services
The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers.
•Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one,
if you like.
•Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service uses the
same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not
the port number.
•Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol.
•If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number.
•If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number.
•Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations in which
this service is used.
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Table 173 Examples of Services
NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
AH (IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined 51 The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling
protocol uses this service.
AIM TCP 5190 AOL’s Internet Messenger service.
AUTH TCP 113 Authentication protocol used by some servers.
BGP TCP 179 Border Gateway Protocol.
BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68 DHCP Client.
BOOTP_SERVER UDP 67 DHCP Server.
CU-SEEME TCP/UDP
TCP/UDP
7648
24032
A popular videoconferencing solution from White
Pines Software.
DNS TCP/UDP 53 Domain Name Server, a service that matches web
names (for instance www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers.
ESP (IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined 50 The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol)
tunneling protocol uses this service.
FINGER TCP 79 Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can
be used to find out if a user is logged on.
FTP TCP
TCP
20
21
File Transfer Protocol, a program to enable fast
transfer of files, including large files that may not be
possible by email.
H.323 TCP 1720 NetMeeting uses this protocol.
HTTP TCP 80 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/server protocol
for the world wide web.
HTTPS TCP 443 HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-
commerce.
ICMP User-Defined 1Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for
diagnostic purposes.
ICQ UDP 4000 This is a popular Internet chat program.
IGMP (MULTICAST) User-Defined 2Internet Group Multicast Protocol is used when
sending packets to a specific group of hosts.
IKE UDP 500 The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key
distribution and management.
IMAP4 TCP 143 The Internet Message Access Protocol is used for
email.
IMAP4S TCP 993 This is a more secure version of IMAP4 that runs over
SSL.
IRC TCP/UDP 6667 This is another popular Internet chat program.
MSN Messenger TCP 1863 Microsoft Networks’ messenger service uses this
protocol.
NetBIOS TCP/UDP
TCP/UDP
TCP/UDP
TCP/UDP
137
138
139
445
The Network Basic Input/Output System is used for
communication between computers in a LAN.
NEW-ICQ TCP 5190 An Internet chat program.
NEWS TCP 144 A protocol for news groups.
Appendix D Services
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
408
NFS UDP 2049 Network File System - NFS is a client/server distributed
file service that provides transparent file sharing for
network environments.
NNTP TCP 119 Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery
mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service.
PING User-Defined 1Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out
ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote
host is reachable.
POP3 TCP 110 Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer
get email from a POP3 server through a temporary
connection (TCP/IP or other).
POP3S TCP 995 This is a more secure version of POP3 that runs over
SSL.
PPTP TCP 1723 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure
transfer of data over public networks. This is the
control channel.
PPTP_TUNNEL (GRE) User-Defined 47 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables
secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the
data channel.
RCMD TCP 512 Remote Command Service.
REAL_AUDIO TCP 7070 A streaming audio service that enables real time
sound over the web.
REXEC TCP 514 Remote Execution Daemon.
RLOGIN TCP 513 Remote Login.
ROADRUNNER TCP/UDP 1026 This is an ISP that provides services mainly for cable
modems.
RTELNET TCP 107 Remote Telnet.
RTSP TCP/UDP 554 The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol
(RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the
Internet.
SFTP TCP 115 The Simple File Transfer Protocol is an old way of
transferring files between computers.
SMTP TCP 25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-
exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables
you to move messages from one email server to
another.
SMTPS TCP 465 This is a more secure version of SMTP that runs over SSL.
SNMP TCP/UDP 161 Simple Network Management Program.
SNMP-TRAPS TCP/UDP 162 Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215).
SQL-NET TCP 1521 Structured Query Language is an interface to access
data on many different types of database systems,
including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX
systems and network servers.
SSDP UDP 1900 The Simple Service Discovery Protocol supports
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP).
SSH TCP/UDP 22 Secure Shell Remote Login Program.
STRM WORKS UDP 1558 Stream Works Protocol.
SYSLOG UDP 514 Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server.
Table 173 Examples of Services (continued)
NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
Appendix D Services
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
409
TACACS UDP 49 Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access
Controller Access Control System).
TELNET TCP 23 Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol
common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It
operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is
to allow users to log into remote host systems.
VDOLIVE TCP
UDP
7000
user-
defined
A videoconferencing solution. The UDP port number is
specified in the application.
Table 173 Examples of Services (continued)
NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
410
APPENDIX E
Legal Information
Copyright
Copyright © 2019 by Zyxel Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any
language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of Zyxel Communications Corporation.
Published by Zyxel Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
Zyxel does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any
license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. Zyxel further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein
without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.
Regulatory Notice and Statement
UNITED STATES of AMERICA
The following information applies if you use the product within USA area.
FCC EMC Statement
• The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
• Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the
device.
• This product has been tested and complies with the specifications for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and
can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used according to the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
• If this device does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which is found by turning the device off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna
• Increase the separation between the devices
• Connect the equipment to an outlet other than the receiver’s
• Consult a dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for assistance
The following information applies if you use the product with RF function within USA area.
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
• This device complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.
• This transmitter must be at least 20 cm from the user and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or
transmitter.
• Operation of this device is restricted to indoor use only, except for relevant user's manual mention that this device can be installed into the
external environment.
FCC Part 68 Statement
• This equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC rules and the requirements adopted by the ACTA.
• List all applicable certification jack Universal Service Order Codes (“USOC”) for the equipment. USOC JACK: RJ11C(Depend on EUT interface)
• A plug and jack used to connect this equipment to the premises wiring and telephone network must comply with the applicable FCC Part 68
rules and requirements adopted by the ACTA. A compliant telephone cord and modular plug is provided with this product. It is designed to
be connected to a compatible modular jack that is also compliant. See installation instructions for details.
Appendix E Legal Information
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
411
• The REN is used to determine the number of devices that may be connected to a telephone line. Excessive RENs on a telephone line may
result in the devices not ringing in response to an incoming call. In most but not all areas, the sum of RENs should not exceed five (5.0). To be
certain of the number of devices that may be connected to a line, as determined by the total RENs, contact the local telephone company.
For products approved after July 23, 2001, the REN for this product is part of the product identifier that has the format US:AAAEQ##TXXXX. The
digits represented by ## are the REN without a decimal point (e.g., 03 is a REN of 0.3). For earlier products, the REN is separately shown on the
label.
• If this equipment causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company will notify you in advance that temporary discontinuance
of service may be required. But if advance notice isn't practical, the telephone company will notify the customer as soon as possible. Also,
you will be advised of your right to file a complaint with the FCC if you believe it is necessary.
• The telephone company may make changes in its facilities, equipment, operations or procedures that could affect the operation of the
equipment. If this happens the telephone company will provide advance notice in order for you to make necessary modifications to
maintain uninterrupted service.
• If trouble is experienced with this equipment, for repair or warranty information, please contact Zyxel Communication Inc.; 1130 N Miller street
Anaheim, CA 92806-2001, USA ;TEL: 002 +1 714-6320882. If the equipment is causing harm to the telephone network, the telephone company
may request that you disconnect the equipment until the problem is resolved.
• Connection to party line service is subject to state tariffs. Contact the state public utility commission, public service commission or
corporation commission for information.
• If your home has specially wired alarm equipment connected to the telephone line, ensure the installation of this does not disable your alarm
equipment. If you have questions about what will disable alarm equipment, consult your telephone company or a qualified installer.
CANADA
The following information applies if you use the product within Canada area.
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada ICES Statement
CAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B)
Industry Canada CS-03 Statement
• This product meets the applicable Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada technical specifications.
• The Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) indicates the maximum number of devices allowed to be connected to a telephone interface. The
termination of an interface may consist of any combination of devices subject only to the requirement that the sum of the RENs of all the
devices not exceed five.
Déclaration de conformité
• Le présent produit est conforme aux spécifications techniques applicables d'Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada.
• L'indice d'équivalence de la sonnerie (IES) sert à indiquer le nombre maximal de dispositifs qui peuvent être raccordés à une interface
téléphonique. La terminaison d'une interface peut consister en une combinaison quelconque de dispositifs, à la seule condition que la
somme des IES de tous les dispositifs n'excède pas cinq.
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada RSS-GEN & RSS-247 Statement
• This device contains licence-exempt transmitter(s)/receiver(s) that comply with Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada's
licence-exempt RSS(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device
must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
• This radio transmitter (IC ID) has been approved by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada to operate with the antenna
types listed below with the maximum permissible gain indicated. Antenna types not included in this list that have, a gain greater than the
maximum gain indicated for any type listed, are strictly prohibited for use with this device.
If the product with 5G wireless function operating in 5150-5250 MHz and 5725-5850 MHz, the following attention must be paid,
• The device for operation in the band 5150-5250 MHz is only for indoor use to reduce the potential for harmful interference to co-channel
mobile satellite systems.
• For devices with detachable antenna(s), the maximum antenna gain permitted for devices in the band 5725-5850 MHz shall be such that the
equipment still complies with the e.i.r.p. limits as appropriate; and
• Where applicable, antenna type(s), antenna models(s), and the worst-case tilt angle(s) necessary to remain compliant with the e.i.r.p.
elevation mask requirement set forth in Section 6.2.2.3 of RSS 247 shall be clearly indicated.
If the product with 5G wireless function operating in 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz, the following attention must be paid.
• For devices with detachable antenna(s), the maximum antenna gain permitted for devices in the bands 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz
shall be such that the equipment still complies with the e.i.r.p. limit.
• L'émetteur/récepteur exempt de licence contenu dans le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Innovation, Sciences et
Développement économique Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L'exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions
suivantes : (1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage; (2) L'appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le
brouillage est susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement.
• Le présent émetteur radio (???IC ID) a été approuvé par Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada pour fonctionner
avec les types d'antenne énumérés ci dessous et ayant un gain admissible maximal. Les types d'antenne non inclus dans cette liste, et dont
le gain est supérieur au gain maximal indiqué pour tout type figurant sur la liste, sont strictement interdits pour l'exploitation de l'émetteur.
Lorsque la fonction sans fil 5G fonctionnant en 5150-5250 MHz and 5725-5850 MHz est activée pour ce produit , il est nécessaire de porter une
attention particulière aux choses suivantes
• Les dispositifs fonctionnant dans la bande de 5 150 à 5 250 MHz sont réservés uniquement pour une utilisation à l'intérieur afin de réduire les
risques de brouillage préjudiciable aux systèmes de satellites mobiles utilisant les mêmes canaux;
• Pour les dispositifs munis d'antennes amovibles, le gain maximal d'antenne permis (pour les dispositifs utilisant la bande de 5 725 à 5 850 MHz)
doit être conforme à la limite de la p.i.r.e. spécifiée, selon le cas;
• Lorsqu'il y a lieu, les types d'antennes (s'il y en a plusieurs), les numéros de modèle de l'antenne et les pires angles d'inclinaison nécessaires
pour rester conforme à l'exigence de la p.i.r.e. applicable au masque d'élévation, énoncée à la section 6.2.2.3 du CNR-247, doivent être
clairement indiqués.
Lorsque la fonction sans fil 5G fonctionnant en 5250-5350 MHz et 5470-5725 MHz est activée pour ce produit , il est nécessaire de porter une
attention particulière aux choses suivantes.
• Pour les dispositifs munis d’antennes amovibles, le gain maximal d'antenne permis pour les dispositifs utilisant les bandes de 5 250 à 5 350 MHz
et de 5 470 à 5 725 MHz doit être conforme à la limite de la p.i.r.e.
Appendix E Legal Information
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
412
Industry Canada radiation exposure statement
This device complies with ISED radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This device should be installed and operated
with a minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator and your body.
Déclaration d’exposition aux radiations:
Cet équipement est conforme aux limites d’exposition aux rayonnements ISED établies pour un environnement non contrôlé. Cet équipement
doit être installé et utilisé avec un minimum de 20 cm de distance entre la source de rayonnement et votre corps.
EUROPEA N UNION
The following information applies if you use the product within the European Union.
Declaration of Conformity with Regard to EU Directive 2014/53/EU (Radio Equipment Directive, RED)
• Compliance information for wireless products relevant to the EU and other Countries following the EU Directive 2014/53/EU (RED). And this
product may be used in all EU countries (and other countries following the EU Directive 2014/53/EU) without any limitation except for the
countries mentioned below table:
• In the majority of the EU and other European countries, the 5GHz bands have been made available for the use of wireless local area
networks (LANs). Later in this document you will find an overview of countries in which additional restrictions or requirements or both are
applicable. The requirements for any country may evolve. Zyxel recommends that you check with the local authorities for the latest status of
their national regulations for the 5GHz wireless LANs.
• If this device for operation in the band 5150-5350 MHz, it is for indoor use only.
• This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20cm between the radio equipment and your body.
• The maximum RF power operating for each band as follows:
VMG3625-T20A
• the band 2,400 to 2,483.5 MHz is 86.3 mW,
• the bands 5,150 MHz to 5,350 MHz is 173 mW,
• the 5,470 MHz to 5,725 MHz is 412 mW.
VMG3925-B10C
• the band 2,400 to 2,483.5 MHz is 97.72 mW,
• the bands 5,150 MHz to 5,350 MHz is 193.29 mW,
• the 5,470 MHz to 5,725 MHz is 939.72 mW.
VMG8823-BX0B
• the band 2,400 to 2,483.5 MHz is 198.609 mW,
• the bands 5,150 MHz to 5,350 MHz is 199.067 mW,
• the 5,470 MHz to 5,725 MHz is 981.748 mW.
VMG8924-B10D
• the band 2,400 to 2,483.5 MHz is 81.85 mW,
• the bands 5,150 MHz to 5,350 MHz is 166.34 mW,
• the 5,470 MHz to 5,725 MHz is 548.28 mW.
VMG1312-B10D
• the band 2,400 to 2,483.5 MHz is 98.4 mW,
VMG3312-T20A
• the band 2,400 to 2,483.5 MHz is 99.08 mW,
VMG3925-B10B
• the band 2,400 to 2,483.5 MHz is 82.6 mW,
• the bands 5,150 MHz to 5,350 MHz is 165.2 mW,
• the 5,470 MHz to 5,725 MHz is 233.88 mW.
VMG3927-B5 0A, XMG3927-B50A, VMG8825-B50A
• the band 2,400 to 2,483.5 MHz is 92.27 mW,
• the bands 5,150 MHz to 5,350 MHz is 175.79 mW,
• the 5,470 MHz to 5,725 MHz is 845.28 mW.
VMG8825-T50
• the band 2,400 to 2,483.5 MHz is 99.54 mW,
• the band 5,150 MHz to 5,350 MHz is 199.07 mW,
• the band 5,470 MHz to 5,725 MHz is 606.74 mW.
VMG8623-T 50A, VMG3625-T50A
• the band 2,400 to 2,483.5 MHz is 99.77 mW,
• the band 5,150 to 5,350 MHz is 190.55 mW,
• the band 5,470 to 5,725 MHz is 903.65 mW.
VMG8825-BX0B/BX0C
• the band 2,400 to 2,483.5 MHz is 99.77 mW,
• the bands 5,150 MHz to 5,350 MHz is 199.07 mW,
• the 5,470 MHz to 5,725 MHz is 977.24 mW.
Appendix E Legal Information
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
413
Български
(Bulgarian)
С настоящото Zyxel декларира, че това оборудване е в съответствие със съществените изисквания и другите
приложими разпоредбите на Директива 2014/53/ЕC.
National Restrictions
• The Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) must be notified of any outdoor wireless link
having a range exceeding 300 meters. Please check http://www.bipt.be for more details.
• Draadloze verbindingen voor buitengebruik en met een reikwijdte van meer dan 300 meter dienen aangemeld te
worden bij het Belgisch Instituut voor postdiensten en telecommunicatie (BIPT). Zie http://www.bipt.be voor meer
gegevens.
• Les liaisons sans fil pour une utilisation en extérieur d’une distance supérieure à 300 mètres doivent être notifiées à
l’Institut Belge des services Postaux et des Télécommunications (IBPT). Visitez http://www.ibpt.be pour de plus amples
détails.
Español
(Spanish)
Por medio de la presente Zyxel declara que el equipo cumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras
disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la Directiva 2014/53/UE..
Čeština
(Czech)
Zyxel tímto prohlašuje, že tento zařízení je ve shodě se základními požadavky a dalšími příslušnými ustanoveními směrnice
2014/53/EU.
Dansk (Danish) Undertegnede Zyxel erklærer herved, at følgende udstyr udstyr overholder de væsentlige krav og øvrige relevante krav i
direktiv 2014/53/EU.
National Restrictions
• In Denmark, the band 5150 - 5350 MHz is also allowed for outdoor usage.
• I Danmark må frekvensbåndet 5150 - 5350 også anvendes udendørs.
Deutsch
(German)
Hiermit erklärt Zyxel, dass sich das Gerät Ausstattung in Übereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen und den
übrigen einschlägigen Bestimmungen der Richtlinie 2014/53/EU befindet.
Eesti keel
(Estonian)
Käesolevaga kinnitab Zyxel seadme seadmed vastavust direktiivi 2014/53/EL põhinõuetele ja nimetatud direktiivist
tulenevatele teistele asjakohastele sätetele.
Ελληνικά
(Greek)
ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑ Zyxel ∆ΗΛΩΝΕΙ ΟΤΙ εξοπλισμός ΣΥΜΜΟΡΦΩΝΕΤΑΙ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΣ ΟΥΣΙΩ∆ΕΙΣ ΑΠΑΙΤΗΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΙΣ ΛΟΙΠΕΣ ΣΧΕΤΙΚΕΣ
∆ΙΑΤΑΞΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ Ο∆ΗΓΙΑΣ 2014/53/EE.
English Hereby, Zyxel declares that this device is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of
Directive 2014/53/EU.
Français
(French)
Par la présente Zyxel déclare que l'appareil équipements est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux autres dispositions
pertinentes de la directive 2014/53/UE.
Hrvatski
(Croatian)
Zyxel ovime izjavljuje da je radijska oprema tipa u skladu s Direktivom 2014/53/UE.
Íslenska
(Icelandic)
Hér með lýsir, Zyxel því yfir að þessi búnaður er í samræmi við grunnkröfur og önnur viðeigandi ákvæði tilskipunar 2014/53/
UE.
Italiano (Italian) Con la presente Zyxel dichiara che questo attrezzatura è conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti
stabilite dalla direttiva 2014/53/UE.
National Restrictions
• This product meets the National Radio Interface and the requirements specified in the National Frequency Allocation
Table for Italy. Unless this wireless LAN product is operating within the boundaries of the owner's property, its use requires
a “general authorization.” Please check http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ for more details.
• Questo prodotto è conforme alla specifiche di Interfaccia Radio Nazionali e rispetta il Piano Nazionale di ripartizione
delle frequenze in Italia. Se non viene installato all 'interno del proprio fondo, l'utilizzo di prodotti Wireless LAN richiede
una “Autorizzazione Generale”. Consultare http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/ per maggiori dettagli.
Latviešu valoda
(Latvian)
Ar šo Zyxel deklarē, ka iekārtas atbilst Direktīvas 2014/53/ES būtiskajām prasībām un citiem ar to saistītajiem noteikumiem.
National Restrictions
• The outdoor usage of the 2.4 GHz band requires an authorization from the Electronic Communications Office. Please
check http://www.esd.lv for more details.
• 2.4 GHz frekvenèu joslas izmantoðanai ârpus telpâm nepiecieðama atïauja no Elektronisko sakaru direkcijas. Vairâk
informâcijas: http://www.esd.lv.
Lietuvių kalba
(Lithuanian)
Šiuo Zyxel deklaruoja, kad šis įranga atitinka esminius reikalavimus ir kitas 2014/53/ES Direktyvos nuostatas.
Magyar
(Hungarian)
Alulírott, Zyxel nyilatkozom, hogy a berendezés megfelel a vonatkozó alapvetõ követelményeknek és az 2014/53/EU
irányelv egyéb elõírásainak.
Malti (Maltese) Hawnhekk, Zyxel, jiddikjara li dan tagħmir jikkonforma mal-ħtiġijiet essenzjali u ma provvedimenti oħrajn relevanti li hemm
fid-Dirrettiva 2014/53/UE.
Nederlands
(Dutch)
Hierbij verklaart Zyxel dat het toestel uitrusting in overeenstemming is met de essentiële eisen en de andere relevante
bepalingen van richtlijn 2014/53/EU.
Polski (Polish) Niniejszym Zyxel oświadcza, że sprzęt jest zgodny z zasadniczymi wymogami oraz pozostałymi stosownymi postanowieniami
Dyrektywy 2014/53/UE.
Português
(Portuguese)
Zyxel declara que este equipamento está conforme com os requisitos essenciais e outras disposições da Directiva 2014/53/
UE.
Appendix E Legal Information
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
414
Notes:
• Although Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein are not EU member states, the EU Directive 2014/53/EU has also been implemented in those
countries.
• The regulatory limits for maximum output power are specified in EIRP. The EIRP level (in dBm) of a device can be calculated by adding the
gain of the antenna used (specified in dBi) to the output power available at the connector (specified in dBm).
List of national codes
Safety Warnings
• Do not use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Do not expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do not store things on the device.
• Do not obstruct the device ventilation slots as insufficient airflow may harm your device. For example, do not place the device in an
enclosed space such as a box or on a very soft surface such as a bed or sofa.
• Do not install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do not open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks.
• Only qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Do not remove the plug and connect it to a power outlet by itself; always attach the plug to the power adaptor first before connecting it to
a power outlet.
• Do not allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor
or cord.
• Please use the provided or designated connection cables/power cables/adaptors. Connect it to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V
AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe). If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, it might cause electrocution. Remove it from the
device and the power source, repairing the power adapter or cord is prohibited. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
Română
(Romanian)
Prin prezenta, Zyxel declară că acest echipament este în conformitate cu cerinţele esenţiale şi alte prevederi relevante ale
Directivei 2014/53/UE.
Slovenčina
(Slovak)
Zyxel týmto vyhlasuje, že zariadenia spĺňa základné požiadavky a všetky príslušné ustanovenia Smernice 2014/53/EÚ.
Slovenščina
(Slovene)
Zyxel izjavlja, da je ta oprema v skladu z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi relevantnimi določili direktive 2014/53/EU.
Suomi (Finnish) Zyxel vakuuttaa täten että laitteet tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 2014/53/EU oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien
direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen.
Svenska
(Swedish)
Härmed intygar Zyxel att denna utrustning står I överensstämmelse med de väsentliga egenskapskrav och övriga relevanta
bestämmelser som framgår av direktiv 2014/53/EU.
Norsk
(Norwegian)
Erklærer herved Zyxel at dette utstyret er I samsvar med de grunnleggende kravene og andre relevante bestemmelser I
direktiv 2014/53/EU.
COUNTRY ISO 3166 2 LETTER CODE COUNTRY ISO 3166 2 LETTER CODE
Austria AT Liechtenstein LI
Belgium BE Lithuania LT
Bulgaria BG Luxembourg LU
Croatia HR Malta MT
Cyprus CY Netherlands NL
Czech Republic CZ Norway NO
Denmark DK Poland PL
Estonia EE Portugal PT
Finland FI Romania RO
France FR Serbia RS
Germany DE Slovakia SK
Greece GR Slovenia SI
Hungary HU Spain ES
Iceland IS Switzerland CH
Ireland IE Sweden SE
Italy IT Turkey TR
Latvia LV United Kingdom GB
Appendix E Legal Information
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
415
• CAUTION: Risk of explosion if battery is replaced by an incorrect type, dispose of used batteries according to the instruction. Dispose them at
the applicable collection point for the recycling of electrical and electronic devices. For detailed information about recycling of this
product, please contact your local city office, your household waste disposal service or the store where you purchased the product.
• The following warning statements apply, where the disconnect device is not incorporated in the device or where the plug on the power
supply cord is intended to serve as the disconnect device,
- For permanently connected devices, a readily accessible disconnect device shall be incorporated external to the device;
- For pluggable devices, the socket-outlet shall be installed near the device and shall be easily accessible.
Important Safety Instructions
• Caution! The RJ-45 jacks are not used for telephone line connection.
• Caution! Do not use this product near water, for example a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Caution! Avoid using this product (other than a cordless type) during an electrical storm. There may be a remote risk of electric shock from
lightning.
• Caution! Always disconnect all telephone lines from the wall outlet before servicing or disassembling this product.
• Attention: Les prises RJ-45 ne sont pas utilisés pour la connexion de la ligne téléphonique.
• Attention: Ne pas utiliser ce produit près de l'eau, par exemple un sous-sol humide ou près d'une piscine.
• Attention: Évitez d'utiliser ce produit (autre qu'un type sans fil) pendant un orage. Il peut y avoir un risque de choc électrique de la foudre.
• Attention: Toujours débrancher toutes les lignes téléphoniques de la prise murale avant de réparer ou de démonter ce produit.
Environment Statement
ErP (Energy-related Products)
Zyxel products put on the EU market in compliance with the requirement of the European Parliament and the Council published Directive 2009/
125/EC establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products (recast), so called as "ErP Directive
(Energy-related Products directive) as well as ecodesign requirement laid down in applicable implementing measures, power consumption has
satisfied regulation requirements which are:
• Network standby power consumption < 8W, and/or
• Off mode power consumption < 0.5W, and/or
• Standby mode power consumption < 0.5W.
(Wireless setting, please refer to the chapter about wireless settings for more detail.)
European Union - Disposal and Recycling Information
The symbol below means that according to local regulations your product and/or its battery shall be disposed of separately from domestic
waste. If this product is end of life, take it to a recycling station designated by local authorities. At the time of disposal, the separate collection of
your product and/or its battery will help save natural resources and ensure that the environment is sustainable development.
Die folgende Symbol bedeutet, dass Ihr Produkt und/oder seine Batterie gemäß den örtlichen Bestimmungen getrennt vom Hausmüll entsorgt
werden muss. Wenden Sie sich an eine Recyclingstation, wenn dieses Produkt das Ende seiner Lebensdauer erreicht hat. Zum Zeitpunkt der
Entsorgung wird die getrennte Sammlung von Produkt und/oder seiner Batterie dazu beitragen, natürliche Ressourcen zu sparen und die Umwelt
und die menschliche Gesundheit zu schützen.
El símbolo de abajo indica que según las regulaciones locales, su producto y/o su batería deberán depositarse como basura separada de la
doméstica. Cuando este producto alcance el final de su vida útil, llévelo a un punto limpio. Cuando llegue el momento de desechar el
producto, la recogida por separado éste y/o su batería ayudará a salvar los recursos naturales y a proteger la salud humana y
medioambiental.
Le symbole ci-dessous signifie que selon les réglementations locales votre produit et/ou sa batterie doivent être éliminés séparément des ordures
ménagères. Lorsque ce produit atteint sa fin de vie, amenez-le à un centre de recyclage. Au moment de la mise au rebut, la collecte séparée
de votre produit et/ou de sa batterie aidera à économiser les ressources naturelles et protéger l'environnement et la santé humaine.
Il simbolo sotto significa che secondo i regolamenti locali il vostro prodotto e/o batteria deve essere smaltito separatamente dai rifiuti domestici.
Quando questo prodotto raggiunge la fine della vita di servizio portarlo a una stazione di riciclaggio. Al momento dello smaltimento, la raccolta
separata del vostro prodotto e/o della sua batteria aiuta a risparmiare risorse naturali e a proteggere l'ambiente e la salute umana.
Symbolen innebär att enligt lokal lagstiftning ska produkten och/eller dess batteri kastas separat från hushållsavfallet. När den här produkten når
slutet av sin livslängd ska du ta den till en återvinningsstation. Vid tiden för kasseringen bidrar du till en bättre miljö och mänsklig hälsa genom att
göra dig av med den på ett återvinningsställe.
Appendix E Legal Information
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
416
台灣
以下訊息僅適用於產品具有無線功能且銷售至台灣地區
• 第十二條 經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司，商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。
• 第十四條 低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經發現有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。
前項合法通信，指依電信法規定作業之無線電通信。 低功率射頻電機須忍受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。
• 無線資訊傳輸設備忍受合法通信之干擾且不得干擾合法通信；如造成干擾，應立即停用， 俟無干擾之虞，始得繼續使用。
• 無線資訊傳輸設備的製造廠商應確保頻率穩定性，如依製造廠商使用手冊上所述正常操作， 發射的信號應維持於操作頻帶中
• 使用無線產品時，應避免影響附近雷達系統之操作。
• 高增益指向性天線只得應用於固定式點對點系統。
以下訊息僅適用於產品屬於專業安裝並銷售至台灣地區
• 本器材須經專業工程人員安裝及設定，始得設置使用，且不得直接販售給一般消費者。
安全警告 - 為了您的安全，請先閱讀以下警告及指示 :
• 請勿將此產品接近水、火焰或放置在高溫的環境。
• 避免設備接觸 :
- 任何液體 - 切勿讓設備接觸水、雨水、高濕度、污水腐蝕性的液體或其他水份。
- 灰塵及污物 - 切勿接觸灰塵、污物、沙土、食物或其他不合適的材料。
• 雷雨天氣時，不要安裝，使用或維修此設備。有遭受電擊的風險。
• 切勿重摔或撞擊設備，並勿使用不正確的電源變壓器。
• 若接上不正確的電源變壓器會有爆炸的風險。
• 請勿隨意更換產品內的電池。
• 如果更換不正確之電池型式，會有爆炸的風險，請依製造商說明書處理使用過之電池。
• 請將廢電池丟棄在適當的電器或電子設備回收處。
• 請勿將設備解體。
• 請勿阻礙設備的散熱孔，空氣對流不足將會造成設備損害。
• 請插在正確的電壓供給插座 ( 如 : 北美 / 台灣電壓 110V AC，歐洲是 230V AC)。
• 假若電源變壓器或電源變壓器的纜線損壞，請從插座拔除，若您還繼續插電使用，會有觸電死亡的風險。
• 請勿試圖修理電源變壓器或電源變壓器的纜線，若有毀損，請直接聯絡您購買的店家，購買一個新的電源變壓器。
• 請勿將此設備安裝於室外，此設備僅適合放置於室內。
• 請勿隨一般垃圾丟棄。
• 請參閱產品背貼上的設備額定功率。
• 請參考產品型錄或是彩盒上的作業溫度。
• 產品沒有斷電裝置或者採用電源線的插頭視為斷電裝置的一部分，以下警語將適用 :
- 對永久連接之設備， 在設備外部須安裝可觸及之斷電裝置；
- 對插接式之設備， 插座必須接近安裝之地點而且是易於觸及的。
About the Symbols
Various symbols are used in this product to ensure correct usage, to prevent danger to the user and others, and to prevent property damage.
The meaning of these symbols are described below. It is important that you read these descriptions thoroughly and fully understand the
contents.
Appendix E Legal Information
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
417
Explanation of the Symbols
Viewing Certifications
Go to http://www.zyxel.com to view this product’s documentation and certifications.
Zyxel Limited Warranty
Zyxel warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in material or workmanship for a specific period (the
Warranty Period) from the date of purchase. The Warranty Period varies by region. Check with your vendor and/or the authorized Zyxel local
distributor for details about the Warranty Period of this product. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product
have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, Zyxel will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or
components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to
proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value,
and will be solely at the discretion of Zyxel. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by
an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties,
express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. Zyxel shall in no event be held
liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought the
device at http://www.zyxel.com/web/support_warranty_info.php.
Registration
Register your product online to receive email notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at
www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
Open Source Licenses
This product contains in part some free software distributed under GPL license terms and/or GPL like licenses. Open source licenses are provided
with the firmware package. You can download the latest firmware at www.zyxel.com. To obtain the source code covered under those Licenses,
please contact support@zyxel.com.tw to get it.
SYMBOL EXPLANATION
Alternating current (AC):
AC is an electric current in which the flow of electric charge periodically reverses direction.
Direct current (DC):
DC if the unidirectional flow or movement of electric charge carriers.
Earth; ground:
A wiring terminal intended for connection of a Protective Earthing Conductor.
Class II equipment:
The method of protection against electric shock in the case of class II equipment is either double insulation or
reinforced insulation.
Index
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
418
Index
A
ACK message 310
ACL rule 268
activation
firewalls 264
media server 260
SIP ALG 233
SSID 150
Address Resolution Protocol 329
antenna
directional 397
gain 396
omni-directional 396
AP (access point) 387
applications
Internet access 19
media server 259
activation 260
iTunes server 259
applications, NAT 238
ARP Table 329, 331
authentication 166, 168
RADIUS server 168
B
backup
configuration 362
Basic Service Set, See BSS 385
Basic Service Set, see BSS
blinking LEDs 33
Broadband 115
broadcast 142
BSS 169, 385
example 169
BYE request 310
C
CA 282, 391
call history 305
call hold 316, 317
call service mode 315, 317
call transfer 316, 317
call waiting 316, 317
Canonical Format Indicator See CFI
CCMs 365
certificate
factory default 283
Certificate Authority
See CA.
certificates 282
authentication 282
CA
creating 283
public key 282
replacing 283
storage space 283
Certification Authority 282
Certification Authority. see CA
certifications 414
viewing 417
CFI 141
CFM 365
CCMs 365
link trace test 366
loopback test 365
MA 365
MD 365
MEP 365
MIP 365
channel 387
interference 387
channel, wireless LAN 166
Class of Service 314
Class of Service, see CoS
client list 183
client-server protocol 307
Index
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
419
comfort noise generation 312
configuration
backup 362
firewalls 264
reset 363
restoring 363
static route 197, 199, 242
Connectivity Check Messages, see CCMs
contact information 379
copyright 410
CoS 219, 314
CoS technologies 205
creating certificates 283
CTS (Clear to Send) 388
CTS threshold 158, 166
customer support 379
D
data fragment threshold 158, 166
DDoS 264
default server address 232
Denials of Service, see DoS
DHCP 178, 193
differentiated services 314
Differentiated Services, see DiffServ 219
DiffServ 219
marking rule 219
DiffServ (Differentiated Services) 314
code points 314
marking rule 314
digital IDs 282
disclaimer 410
DLNA 259
DMZ 231
DNS 178, 194
DNS server address assignment 142
Domain Name 239
Domain Name System, see DNS
Domain Name System. See DNS.
DoS 264
DS field 219, 314
DS, dee differentiated services
DSCP 219, 314
dynamic DNS 241
wildcard 241
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, see DHCP
dynamic WEP key exchange 392
DYNDNS wildcard 241
E
EAP Authentication 391
ECHO 239
echo cancellation 312
e-mail
log example 357
Encapsulation 138
MER 138
PPP over Ethernet 139
encapsulation
RFC 1483 139
encryption 168, 393
ESS 386
Europe type call service mode 315
Extended Service Set IDentification 147, 152
Extended Service Set, See ESS 386
F
Fast Leave 247
file sharing 23
filters
MAC address 153, 167
Finger 239
firewalls 263
add protocols 265
configuration 264
DDoS 264
DoS 264
LAND attack 264
Ping of Death 264
SYN attack 264
firmware 359
version 105
flash key 315
Index
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
420
flashing 315
forwarding ports 224
fragmentation threshold 158, 166, 388
FTP 224, 239
G
G.168 312
H
hidden node 387
HTTP 239
I
IBSS 385
ICMPv6 245
IEEE 802.11g 389
IEEE 802.1Q 141
IGA 236
IGMP 142
multicast group list 245, 333, 334
version 142
IGMP Fast Leave 245
IGMPv2 245
IGMPv3 245
ILA 236
Independent Basic Service Set
See IBSS 385
initialization vector (IV) 393
Inside Global Address, see IGA
Inside Local Address, see ILA
installation
transceivers 52
interface group 250
Internet
wizard setup 64
Internet access 19
wizard setup 64
Internet Protocol version 6 116
Internet Protocol version 6, see IPv6
Intra LAN Multicast 247
IP address 178, 194
ping 366
private 195
WAN 116
IP Address Assignment 141
IP alias
NAT applications 239
IPv6 116, 398
addressing 117, 142, 398
EUI-64 400
global address 398
interface ID 400
link-local address 398
Neighbor Discovery Protocol 398
ping 398
prefix 117, 143, 398
prefix delegation 119
prefix length 117, 143, 398
unspecified address 399
iTunes server 259
ITU-T 312
K
key combinations 318
keypad 318
L
LAN 177
client list 183
DHCP 178, 193
DNS 178, 194
IP address 178, 179, 194
MAC address 163, 184
status 106, 111
subnet mask 178, 179, 194
LAN to LAN multicast 247
LAND attack 264
LBR 365
limitations
wireless LAN 169
Index
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
421
WPS 175
link trace 366
Link Trace Message, see LTM
Link Trace Response, see LTR
listening port 298
login 55
passwords 55
logs 319, 322, 333, 339, 355
Loop Back Response, see LBR
loopback 365
LTM 366
LTR 366
M
MA 365
MAC address 154, 163, 184
filter 153, 167
MAC authentication 153
Mac filter 272
Maintenance Association, see MA
Maintenance Domain, see MD
Maintenance End Point, see MEP
managing the device
good habits 25
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) 140
MBSSID 169
MD 365
media server 259
activation 260
iTunes server 259
MEP 365
MESH
enable 160
supported extenders 161
MLD 245
MLDv1 245
MLDv2 245
MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) 141
multicast 142
Multicast Listener Discovery, see MLD
multimedia 306
Multiple BSS, see MBSSID
multiplexing 139
LLC-based 139
VC-based 139
multiprotocol encapsulation 139
N
NAT 223, 225, 236, 237
applications 238
IP alias 239
example 238
global 237
IGA 236
ILA 236
inside 237
local 237
outside 237
port forwarding 224
port number 239
services 239
SIP ALG 232
activation 233
NAT example 240
Network Address Translation, see NAT
Network Map 103
network map 58
NNTP 239
non-proxy calls 303
O
OK response 310, 312
P
Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 393, 395
passwords 55
PBC 170
Peak Cell Rate (PCR) 140
peer-to-peer calls 303
Per-Hop Behavior, see PHB 219
PHB 219, 314
Index
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
422
phone book
speed dial 303
phone functions 318
PIN, WPS 171
example 172
Ping of Death 264
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol, see PPTP
POP3 239
port forwarding 224
ports 33
PPPoE 139
Benefits 139
PPTP 239
preamble 159, 166
preamble mode 170
prefix delegation 119
private IP address 195
PSK 393
push button 52
Push Button Configuration, see PBC
push button, WPS 170
Q
QoS 204, 219, 314
marking 205
setup 204
tagging 205
versus CoS 205
Quality of Service, see QoS
R
RADIUS 390
message types 390
messages 390
shared secret key 391
RADIUS server 168
Real time Transport Protocol, see RTP
reset 53, 363
restart 364
restoring configuration 363
RFC 1058. See RIP.
RFC 1389. See RIP.
RFC 1483 139
RFC 1889 309
RFC 3164 319
RIP 202
router features 19
Routing Information Protocol. See RIP
RTP 309
RTS (Request To Send) 388
threshold 387, 388
RTS threshold 158, 166
S
security
wireless LAN 166
Security Log 320
Security Parameter Index, see SPI
service access control 345
Service Set 147, 152
Services 239
Session Initiation Protocol, see SIP
setup
firewalls 264
static route 197, 199, 242
silence suppression 312
Single Rate Three Color Marker, see srTCM
SIP 306
account 306
call progression 309
client 307
identities 306
INVITE request 310, 311
number 306
OK response 312
proxy server 308
redirect server 308
register server 309
servers 307
service domain 307
URI 306
user agent 307
SIP ALG 232
activation 233
Index
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
423
SMTP 239
SNMP 239
SNMP trap 239
speed dial 303
SPI 264
srTCM 221
SSID 167
activation 150
MBSSID 169
static route 196, 202
configuration 197, 199, 242
example 196
static VLAN
status 103
firmware version 105
LAN 106, 111
WAN 105
wireless LAN 106
status indicators 33
subnet mask 178, 194
supplementary services 314
Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) 140
SYN attack 264
syslog
protocol 319
severity levels 319
system
firmware 359
version 105
passwords 55
reset 53
status 103
LAN 106, 111
WAN 105
wireless LAN 106
time 351
T
Tag Control Information See TCI
Tag Protocol Identifier See TPID
TCI
The 116
three-way conference 317, 318
thresholds
data fragment 158, 166
RTS/CTS 158, 166
time 351
ToS 314
TPID 141
traffic shaping 139
transceivers
installation 52
removal 52
trTCM 222
Two Rate Three Color Marker, see trTCM
Type of Service, see ToS
U
unicast 142
Uniform Resource Identifier 306
Universal Plug and Play, see UPnP
upgrading firmware 359
UPnP 185
cautions 179
NAT traversal 178
USA type call service mode 317
USB features 23
V
VAD 312
Vendor ID 191
VID
Virtual Circuit (VC) 139
Virtual Local Area Network See VLAN
VLAN 141
Introduction 141
number of possible VIDs
priority frame
static
VLAN ID 141
VLAN Identifier See VID
VLAN tag 141
voice activity detection 312
voice coding 312
Index
VMG/XMG Series User’s Guide
424
VoIP 306
peer-to-peer calls 303
VoIP features 24
VoIP status 326
W
Wake on LAN 192
WAN
status 105
Wide Area Network, see WAN 115
warranty 417
note 417
web configurator
login 55
passwords 55
WEP Encryption 149
Wi-Fi Protected Access 392
wireless client WPA supplicants 394
wireless LAN 144, 165
authentication 166, 168
BSS 169
example 169
channel 166
encryption 168
example 165
fragmentation threshold 158, 166
limitations 169
MAC address filter 153, 167
MBSSID 169
preamble 159, 166
RADIUS server 168
RTS/CTS threshold 158, 166
security 166
SSID 167
activation 150
status 106
WPS 170, 172
example 174
limitations 175
PIN 171
push button 52, 170
wireless security 389
Wireless tutorial 76
wizard setup
Internet 64
WLAN
interference 387
security parameters 395
WPA 392
key caching 394
pre-authentication 394
user authentication 393
vs WPA-PSK 393
wireless client supplicant 394
with RADIUS application example 394
WPA2 392
user authentication 393
vs WPA2-PSK 393
wireless client supplicant 394
with RADIUS application example 394
WPA2-Pre-Shared Key 392
WPA2-PSK 392, 393
application example 395
WPA-PSK 393
application example 395
WPS 170, 172
example 174
limitations 175
PIN 171
example 172
push button 52, 170
Z
ZyXEL Family Safety page 278