Table of Contents
ASUS D700SCES-711700018R User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for D700SCES-711700018R by ASUS which is a product in the PCs/Workstations category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
ASUS Desktop PC
User Guide
D700SC/M700SC/S700SC/D700SCES
2
Copyright © 2021 ASUSTeK Computer Inc. All Rights Reserved.
No part of this manual, including the products and software described in it, may be reproduced, transmitted,
transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form or by any means, except
documentation kept by the purchaser for backup purposes, without the express written permission of ASUSTeK
Computer Inc. (“ASUS”).
Product warranty or service will not be extended if: (1) the product is repaired, modied or altered, unless such
repair, modication of alteration is authorized in writing by ASUS; or (2) the serial number of the product is
defaced or missing.
ASUS PROVIDES THIS MANUAL “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL ASUS, ITS DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR
LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF USE OR DATA, INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS AND THE LIKE), EVEN IF
ASUS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES ARISING FROM ANY DEFECT OR ERROR IN THIS
MANUAL OR PRODUCT.
SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL ARE FURNISHED FOR INFORMATIONAL USE
ONLY, AND ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS A
COMMITMENT BY ASUS. ASUS ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS OR INACCURACIES
THAT MAY APPEAR IN THIS MANUAL, INCLUDING THE PRODUCTS AND SOFTWARE DESCRIBED IN IT.
Products and corporate names appearing in this manual may or may not be registered trademarks or copyrights
of their respective companies, and are used only for identication or explanation and to the owners’ benet,
without intent to infringe.
E18269
First Edition
July 2021
SERVICE AND SUPPORT
Visit our multi-language website at https://www.asus.com/support/.
3
Contents
Notices ................................................................................................................................................ 5
Safety information .........................................................................................................................10
Conventions used in this guide.................................................................................................11
Where to nd more information ...............................................................................................11
Package contents ...........................................................................................................................12
Chapter 1 Getting started
Welcome! ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Getting to know your computer ...............................................................................................13
Setting up your computer...........................................................................................................17
Turning your computer ON ........................................................................................................19
Chapter 2 Connecting devices to your computer
Connecting a USB storage device ............................................................................................21
Connecting microphone and speakers ..................................................................................22
Changing to the external audio output .................................................................................25
Connecting multiple external displays ..................................................................................26
Connecting an HDTV ....................................................................................................................27
Chapter 3 Using your computer
Proper posture when using your Desktop PC ...................................................................... 29
Using the memory card reader (Optional) ............................................................................30
Using the optical drive (on selected models only) .............................................................31
Conguring the USB ports using the BIOS............................................................................32
Conguring the HDD security setting using the BIOS ......................................................33
Chapter 4 Connecting to the Internet
Wired connection ........................................................................................................................... 35
Chapter 5 Using ASUS Business Manager
ASUS Business Manager ..............................................................................................................39
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting .............................................................................................................................49
4
Appendix
Using Windows® 10
Starting for the rst time .............................................................................................................57
Using the Windows® 10 UI ...........................................................................................................58
Keyboard shortcuts .......................................................................................................................62
5
Notices
ASUS Recycling/Takeback Services
ASUS recycling and takeback programs come from our commitment to the highest standards for
protecting our environment. We believe in providing solutions for you to be able to responsibly
recycle our products, batteries, other components, as well as the packaging materials. Please go to
http://csr.asus.com/english/Takeback.htm for the detailed recycling information in dierent regions.
REACH
Complying with the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals)
regulatory framework, we published the chemical substances in our products at ASUS REACH
website at http://csr.asus.com/english/REACH.htm
Federal Communications Commission Statement
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:
• This device may not cause harmful interference; and
• This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with manufacturer’s
instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause
harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment o and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of
the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit dierent from that to which the receiver is
connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
The use of shielded cables for connection of the monitor to the graphics card is required to
assure compliance with FCC regulations. Changes or modications to this unit not expressly
approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate this
equipment.
Lithium Battery Warning
CAUTION: Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same
or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according
to the manufacturer’s instructions.
6
Compliance Statement of Innovation, Science and Economic Development
Canada (ISED)
This device complies with Innovation, Science, and Economic Development Canada licence exempt
RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause
interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may
cause undesired operation of the device:
Operation in the band 5150–5250 MHz is only for indoor use to reduce the potential for harmful
interference to co-channel mobile satellite systems.
CAN ICES-003(B)/NMB-003(B)
Déclaration de conformité de Innovation, Sciences et Développement
économique Canada (ISED)
Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique
Canadaapplicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L’exploitation est autorisée aux deux
conditions suivantes : (1) l’appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l’utilisateur de l’appareil
doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d’en
compromettre le fonctionnement.
La bande 5150 – 5250 MHz est réservée uniquement pour une utilisation à l’intérieur an de réduire
les risques de brouillage préjudiciable aux systèmes de satellites mobiles utilisant les mêmes
canaux.
CAN ICES-003(B)/NMB-003(B)
IC: Canadian Compliance Statement
Complies with the Canadian ICES-003 Class B specications. This device complies with RSS 210
of Industry Canada. This Class B device meets all the requirements of the Canadian interference-
causing equipment regulations.
This device complies with Industry Canada license exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject
to the following two conditions: this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must
accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
Déclaration de conformité d’Industrie Canada
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Cet appareil
numérique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du
Canada.
Le présent appareil est conforme aux normes CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils
radio exempts de licence. Son utilisation est sujette aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) cet appareil
ne doit pas créer d’interférences et (2) cet appareil doit tolérer tout type d’interférences, y compris
celles susceptibles de provoquer un fonctionnement non souhaité de l’appareil.
Avertissement relatif aux batteries Lithium
ATTENTION ! Danger d’explosion si la batterie n’est pas correctement remplacée. Remplacer
uniquement avec une batterie de type semblable ou équivalent, recommandée par le
fabricant. Jeter les batteries usagées conformément aux instructions du fabricant.
7
VCCI: Japan Compliance Statement
VCCI Class B Statement
This is a Class B product based on the standard of the VCCI Council. If this is used near a radio or
television receiver, it may cause radio interference. Install and use equipment according to the
instruction manual.
Equipment registered based on the conrmation measurement at the user
installation site.
This is a product for which interference was measured at the present installation site and conrmed
to comply with the standard of Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Information
Technology Equipment (VCCI). Before using the equipment at any location other than the present
installation site, the member shall measure interference for conrmation and register the result to
VCCI.
India E-Waste (Management) Rules 2016
This product complies with the “India E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016” and prohibits use of lead,
mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenyl
ethers (PBDEs) in concentrations exceeding 0.1% by weight in homogenous materials and 0.01 %
by weight in homogenous materials for cadmium, except for the exemptions listed in Schedule II of
the Rule.
Canadian Department of Communications Statement
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital
apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of
Communications.
This class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Déclaration du Département Canadien des Communications
Cet appareil numérique ne dépasse pas les limites de classe B en terme d’émissions de
nuisances sonores, par radio, par des appareils numériques, et ce conformément aux régulations
d’interférence par radio établies par le département canadien des communications.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
8
NCC: Taiwan Wireless Statement
低功率射頻器材技術規範
「取得審驗證明之低功率射頻器材，非經核准，公司、商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大
功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。低功率射頻器材之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經
發現有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。前述合法通信，指依電信管
理法規定作業之無線電通信。低功率射頻器材須忍受合法通信或工業、科學及 醫療用電波輻射性
電機設備之干擾。」
* 應避免影響附近雷達系統之操作。
Japan RF Equipment Statement
KC (RF Equipment)
RF Equipment Notices
CE: European Community Compliance Statement
The equipment complies with the RF Exposure Requirement 1999/519/EC, Council
Recommendation of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to
electromagnetic elds (0–300 GHz).
Wireless Radio Use
This device is restricted to indoor use when operating in the 5.15 to 5.25 GHz frequency band.
Exposure to Radio Frequency Energy
The radiated output power of the Wi-Fi technology is below the FCC radio frequency exposure
limits. Nevertheless, it is advised to use the wireless equipment in such a manner that the potential
for human contact during normal operation is minimized.
FCC Bluetooth Wireless Compliance
The antenna used with this transmitter must not be colocated or operated in conjunction with any
other antenna or transmitter subject to the conditions of the FCC Grant.
Bluetooth Industry Canada Statement
This Class B device meets all requirements of the Canadian interference-causing equipment
regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la Class B respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel
brouilleur du Canada.
Simplied EU Declaration of Conformity
ASUSTek Computer Inc. hereby declares that this device is in compliance with the essential
requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 2014/53/EU. Full text of EU declaration of
conformity is available at https://www.asus.com/support/.
The Wi-Fi operating in the band 5150-5350MHz shall be restricted to indoor use for countries listed
in the table below:
9
CD-ROM Drive Safety Warning
CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT
WARNING! To prevent exposure to the optical drive’s laser, do not attempt to disassemble
or repair the optical drive by yourself. For your safety, contact a professional technician for
assistance.
Service warning label
WARNING! INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN. DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM OR VIEW
DIRECTLY WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS.
CDRH Regulations
The Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
implemented regulations for laser products on August 2, 1976. These regulations apply to laser
products manufactured from August 1, 1976. Compliance is mandatory for products marketed in
the United States.
WARNING! Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those
specied herein or in the laser product installation guide may result in hazardous radiation
exposure.
Optical Drive Safety Information
Laser Safety Information
Simplied UKCA Declaration of Conformity
ASUSTek Computer Inc. hereby declares that this device is in compliance with the essential
requirements and other relevant provisions of The Radio Equipment Regulations 2017 (S.I.
2017/1206). Full text of UKCA declaration of conformity is available at
https://www.asus.com/support/.
The Wi-Fi operating in the band 5150-5350MHz shall be restricted to indoor use for the country
listed below:
UK
AT BE BG CZ DK EE FR
DE IS IE IT EL ES CY
LV LI LT LU HU MT NL
NO PL PT RO SI SK TR
FI SE CH HR UK(NI)
10
Safety information
Disconnect the AC power and peripherals before cleaning. Wipe the Desktop PC using a clean
cellulose sponge or chamois cloth dampened with solution of nonabrasive detergent and a few
drops of warm water then remove any extra moisture with a dry cloth.
• DO NOT place on uneven or unstable work surfaces. Seek servicing if the casing has been
damaged.
• DO NOT expose to dirty or dusty environments. DO NOT operate during a gas leak.
• DO NOT place or drop objects on top and do not shove any foreign objects into the Desktop
PC.
• DO NOT expose to strong magnetic or electrical elds.
• DO NOT expose to or use near liquids, rain, or moisture. DO NOT use the modem during
electrical storms.
• Battery safety warning: DO NOT throw the battery in re. DO NOT short circuit the contacts.
DO NOT disassemble the battery.
• Use this product in environments with ambient temperatures between 5˚C (41˚F) and 40˚C
(104˚F).
• DO NOT cover the vents on the Desktop PC to prevent the system from getting overheated.
• DO NOT use damaged power cords, accessories, or other peripherals.
•
To prevent electrical shock hazard, disconnect the power cable from the electrical outlet
before relocating the system.
•
Seek professional assistance before using an adapter or extension cord. These devices could
interrupt the grounding circuit.
•
Ensure that your power supply is set to the correct voltage in your area. If you are not sure
about the voltage of the electrical outlet you are using, contact your local power company.
•
If the power supply is broken, do not try to x it by yourself. Contact a qualied service
technician or your retailer.
ENERGY STAR is a joint program of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy helping
us all save money and protect the environment through energy
ecient products and practices.
All ASUS products with the ENERGY STAR logo comply with the
ENERGY STAR standard, and the power management feature is
enabled by default. The monitor and computer are automatically
set to sleep after 10 and 30 minutes of user inactivity. To wake
your computer, click the mouse or press any key on the keyboard.
Please visit http://www.energystar.gov/powermanagement for detail information on
power management and its benets to the environment. In addition, please visit http://
www.energystar.gov for detail information on the ENERGY STAR joint program.
*Note: Energy Star is NOT supported on Freedos and Linux-based products.
11
Conventions used in this guide
To ensure that you perform certain tasks properly, take note of the following symbols used
throughout this manual.
DANGER/WARNING: Information to prevent injury to yourself
when trying to complete a task.
CAUTION: Information to prevent damage to the components
when trying to complete a task.
NOTE: Tips and additional information to help you complete a
task.
IMPORTANT: Instructions that you MUST follow to complete a
task.
Where to nd more information
Refer to the following sources for additional information and for product and software updates.
ASUS website
The ASUS website provides updated information on ASUS hardware and software products.
Refer to the ASUS website www.asus.com.
ASUS Local Technical Support
Visit ASUS website at https://www.asus.com/support/contact for the contact information of
local Technical Support Engineer.
Tutorial
Tool-less: D700SC is tool-less design. You can disassemble the chassis by removing knurled
thumb screws by hand, and replace hard disc drive and optical disc drive easily.
After replacement, please assemble D700SC back to the original state. For more replacement
and assembly information, please refer link as below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KH_hYfbIOo
Hazardous moving parts. Desktop should be completely shutdown before servicing product.
Replacing fan components should only be attempted by qualied service personnel.
Hazardous Moving Parts Warning
WARNING: Keep ngers and other body parts away from any moving parts.
CAUTION: DO NOT loosen the thumb screws to access the internal area of your
device. If service or repair is required, return your device to an authorized service
center.
12
Package contents
• If any of the above items is damaged or missing, contact your retailer.
• The illustrated items above are for reference only. Actual product specications may vary with
dierent models.
ASUS Desktop PC Keyboard x1 (Optional) Mouse x1 (Optional)
Power cord x1 Support DVD x1 Recovery DVD x1 (Optional)
Installation Guide
ASUS mouse pad x 1
(Optional)
Installation Guide x1 Warranty card x1
Getting to know your computer
Illustrations are for reference only. The ports and their locations, and the chassis color vary with
dierent models.
Welcome!
Thank you for purchasing the ASUS Desktop PC!
The ASUS Desktop PC provides cutting-edge performance, uncompromised reliability, and user-
centric utilities. All these values are encapsulated in a stunningly futuristic and stylish system
casing.
Read the ASUS Warranty Card before setting up your ASUS Desktop PC.
• The Desktop PC does not support Windows® 7 operating system. ASUS is not responsible
for any loss or damage incurred by installing Window® 7.
• Be careful when handling the desktop PC to prevent the risk of injury.
IMPORTANT! Do not use this Desktop PC for cryptocurrency mining (consuming a vast amount
of electricity and time to gain convertible virtual currency) and/or related activities.
ASUS Desktop PC 13
Chapter 1
Getting started
D700SC/M700SC/S700SC/D700SCES Front panel
1. Power button. Press this button to turn on your computer.
2. HDD indicator. The LED lights up or blinks to indicate the status of the HDD.
3. Headphone port. This port connects to a headphone or speaker.
4. Audio combo port. This port connects to a microphone or a headphone.
5. USB 2.0 ports. These Universal Serial Bus 2.0 (USB 2.0) ports connect to USB 2.0 devices such
as a mouse, printer, scanner, camera, PDA, and others.
6. USB 3.2 Gen 1 ports. The Universal Serial Bus 3.2 Gen 1 (USB 3.2 Gen 1) ports connect to USB
3.2 Gen 1 devices such as a mouse, printer, scanner, camera, PDA, and others.
7. USB 3.2 Gen 2 ports. The Universal Serial Bus 3.2 Gen 2 (USB 3.2 Gen 2) ports connect to USB
3.2 Gen 2 devices such as a mouse, printer, scanner, camera, PDA, and others.
8. USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-C® port. The Universal Serial Bus 3.2 Gen 2 (USB 3.2 Gen 2) Type-C® port
connects to USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-C® devices.
The output voltage of the USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-C® ports is 5V, 1.5A.
9. IC smart card & SD card reader (optional). Insert a smart card or SD card into the
appropriate slot.
10. Optical disk drive indicator. The LED lights up or blinks to indicate the status of the ODD.
11. 5.25 inch optical disk drive bay. There is an optical disk drive in this bay.
14 Chapter 1: Getting started
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D700SC/M700SC/S700SC/D700SCES Rear panel
1. PS/2 mouse port (green). This port is for a PS/2 mouse.
2. PS/2 keyboard port (purple). This port is for a PS/2 keyboard.
3. DisplayPort. This port is for a DisplayPort-compatible device.
4. VGA port. This port is for VGA-compatible devices such as a VGA monitor.
5. HDMITM port. This port is for a High-Denition Multimedia Interface (HDMITM) connector, and
is HDCP compliant allowing playback of HD DVD, Blu-ray, and other protected content.
6. USB 2.0 ports. These Universal Serial Bus 2.0 (USB 2.0) ports connect to USB 2.0 devices such
as a mouse, printer, scanner, camera, PDA, and others.
7. Microphone port (pink). This port connects to a microphone.
8. Line Out port (lime). This port connects to a headphone or speaker. In a 4, 5.1, or
7.1-channel conguration, the function of this port becomes Front Speaker Out.
9. Line In port (light blue). This port connects to a tape, CD, DVD player, or other audio
sources.
Refer to the audio conguration table below for the function of the audio ports in the 2, 4, 5.1, or
7.1-channel conguration.
ASUS Desktop PC 15
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Audio 2, 4, 5.1, or 7.1-channel conguration
Port Headset
2-channel 4-channel 5.1-channel 7.1-channel
Light Blue (Rear panel) Line In Rear Speaker Out Rear Speaker Out Rear Speaker Out
Lime (Rear panel) Line Out Front Speaker Out Front Speaker Out Front Speaker Out
Pink (Rear panel) Mic In Mic In Bass/Center Bass/Center
Lime (Front panel) - - - Side Speaker Out
10. Power connector. Plug the power cord to this connector.
RATING: 115/230Vac, 50/60Hz, 4A/2A (Global)
220Vac, 50Hz, 2A (China)
115Vac, 50/60Hz, 4A (Taiwan)
115/230Vac, 50/60Hz, 4A/2A (Japan; Korea)
11. Expansion slot brackets. Remove the expansion slot bracket when installing an expansion
card.
12. Parallel port (optional). This 25-pin port connects a parallel printer, a scanner, or other
devices.
13. LAN (RJ-45) port. This port allows Gigabit connection to a Local Area Network (LAN)
through a network hub.
LAN port LED indications
Activity/Link LED Speed LED
Status Description Status Description
OFF No link OFF 10Mbps connection
ORANGE Linked ORANGE 100Mbps connection
BLINKING Data activity GREEN 1Gbps connection LAN port
SPEED LED
ACT/LINK LED
14. Serial port (optional). This 9-pin COM port is for pointing devices or other serial devices.
15. Air vents. These vents allow air ventilation.
DO NOT block the air vents on the chassis. Always provide proper ventilation for your computer.
16 Chapter 1: Getting started
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Setting up your computer
This section guides you through connecting the main hardware devices, such as the external
monitor, keyboard, mouse, and power cord, to your computer.
Using the onboard display output ports
Connect your monitor to the onboard display output port.
To connect an external monitor using the onboard display output ports:
1. Connect a monitor to a display on the rear panel of your computer.
2. Plug the monitor to a power source.
• If your computer comes with an ASUS Graphics Card, the graphics card is set as the primary
display device in the BIOS. Hence, connect your monitor to a display output port on the
graphics card.
• To connect multiple external monitors to your computer, refer to Connecting multiple
external display in Chapter 2 of this guide for details.
ASUS Desktop PC 17
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Connecting a USB keyboard and a USB mouse
Connect a USB keyboard and a USB mouse to the USB ports on the rear panel of your computer.
Connecting the power cord
Connect one end of the power cord to the power connector on the rear panel of your computer
and the other end to a power source.
For safety purpose, ONLY connect the power cord to a grounded electrical outlet..
18 Chapter 1: Getting started
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Turning your computer ON
This section describes how to turn on your computer after setting up your computer.
Turning your computer ON
To turn your computer ON:
1. Turn your monitor ON.
2. Press the power button on your computer.
3. Wait until the operating system loads automatically.
Power button
ASUS Desktop PC 19
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20 Chapter 1: Getting started
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Connecting a USB storage device
This desktop PC provides USB 3.2 Gen 2, USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-C®, USB 3.2 Gen 1 and USB 2.0 ports on
the front and rear panels. The USB ports allow you to connect USB devices such as storage devices.
To connect a USB storage device:
• Insert the USB storage device to your computer.
You can enable or disable the front and rear USB 3.2 Gen 2, USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-C®, USB 3.2 Gen
1 and USB 2.0 ports individually from the BIOS Setup. Refer to the Conguring the USB ports
using the BIOS section in Chapter 3 of this user manual for details.
ASUS Desktop PC 21
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Chapter 2
Connecting devices to your computer
Front panel Rear panel
Connecting microphone and speakers
This desktop PC comes with microphone ports and speaker ports on both the front and rear
panels. The audio I/O ports located on the rear panel allow you to connect 2-channel, 4-channel,
5.1-channel, and 7.1-channel stereo speakers.
• When your Desktop PC comes with an internal speaker, the audio output will be from the
internal speaker.
• When you connect an external audio device such as earphone or speaker, you need to enable
the audio device output. For details, refer to the section Changing to the external audio
output.
• When you disconnect the audio device, you need to manually change the audio output to the
internal speaker from the Control Panel.
Connecting Headphone and Mic
22 Chapter 2: Connecting devices to your computer
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Connecting 2-channel Speakers
LINE OUT
Connecting 4-channel Speakers
LINE OUT
ASUS Desktop PC 23
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Connecting 5.1-channel Speakers
LINE OUT
Connecting 7.1-channel Speakers
LINE OUT
24 Chapter 2: Connecting devices to your computer
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ASUS Desktop PC 25
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Changing to the external audio output
When you connect an external audio device to your Desktop PC, enable the audio device output to
ensure a clear audio quality.
To change to the external audio output:
1. Connect an external audio device such as earphone or speaker to the rear Line Out port. The
Audio Manager screen automatically pops up.
For the location of the rear Line Out port, refer to the section Getting to know your computer.
2. Tick Front Speaker Out, then click
OK.
3. Tick Line In, then click OK. The
audio output will now be from the
external audio device.
The Audio Manager screenshots above are for reference only.
Connecting multiple external displays
Your desktop PC may come with VGA, HDMITM or DVI ports and allows you to connect multiple
external displays.
Setting up multiple displays
When using multiple monitors, you are allowed to set display modes. You can use the additional
monitor as a duplicate of your main display, or as an extension to enlarge your Windows desktop.
To set up multiple displays:
1. Turn o your computer.
2. Connect the two monitors to your computer and connect the power cords to the monitors.
Refer to Setting up your computer section in Chapter 1 for details on how to connect a
monitor to your computer.
3. Turn on your computer.
4. From the Start menu, click Settings > System > Display.
5. Congure the settings for your displays.
For some graphics cards, only the monitor that is set to be the primary display has display during
POST. The dual display function works only under Windows.
26 Chapter 2: Connecting devices to your computer
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Connecting an HDTV
Connect a High Denition TV (HDTV) to the HDMITM port of your computer.
• You need an HDMITM cable to connect the HDTV and the computer. The HDMITM cable is
purchased separately.
• To get the best display performance, ensure that your HDMITM cable is less than 15 meters.
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28 Chapter 2: Connecting devices to your computer
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ASUS Desktop PC 29
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Chapter 3
Using your computer
Proper posture when using your Desktop PC
When using your Desktop PC, maintaining the proper posture is necessary to prevent strain to your
wrists, hands, and other joints or muscles. This section provides you with tips on avoiding physical
discomfort and possible injury while using and fully enjoying your Desktop PC.
Eye level to the top of
the monitor screen
Foot rest 90˚ angles
To maintain the proper posture:
• Position your computer chair to make sure that your elbows are at or slightly above the
keyboard to get a comfortable typing position.
• Adjust the height of your chair to make sure that your knees are slightly higher than your
hips to relax the backs of your thighs. If necessary, use a footrest to raise the level of your
knees.
• Adjust the back of your chair so that the base of your spine is rmly supported and angled
slightly backward.
• Sit upright with your knees, elbows and hips at an approximately 90º angle when you are at
the PC.
• Place the monitor directly in front of you, and turn the top of the monitor screen even with
your eye level so that your eyes look slightly downward.
• Keep the mouse close to the keyboard, and if necessary, use a wrist rest for support to
reduce the pressure on your wrists while typing.
• Use your Desktop PC in a comfortably-lit area, and keep it away from sources of glare such as
windows and straight sunlight.
• Take regular mini-breaks from using your Desktop PC.
Using the memory card reader (Optional)
Digital cameras and other digital imaging devices use
memory cards to store digital picture or media les. The
built-in memory card reader on the front panel of your
system allows you to read from and write to dierent
memory card drives.
To use the memory card:
1. Insert the memory card into the card slot.
• A memory card is keyed so that it ts in only one direction. DO NOT force a card into a slot to
avoid damaging the card.
• You can place media in one or more of the card slots and use each media independently. Place
only one memory card in a slot at one time.
2. Select a program from the AutoPlay window to access your les.
• If AutoPlay is NOT enabled in your computer, click File Explorer from the Start menu, and
then double-click the memory card icon to access the data on it.
• Each card slot has its own drive icon which is displayed on the File Explorer screen.
3. When nished, right-click the memory card drive icon on the Computer screen, click Eject,
and then remove the card.
Never remove cards while or immediately after reading, copying, formatting, or deleting data on
the card or else data loss may occur.
To prevent data loss, use “Safely Remove Hardware and Eject Media” in the Windows® notication
area before removing the memory card.
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Using the optical drive (on selected models only)
Inserting an optical disc
To insert an optical disc:
1. While your system is on, press the eject button on the drive bay to open the tray.
2. Place the disc on the optical drive with the label side outward if the desktop is positioned
vertically and the label side up if the desktop is positioned horizontally.
3. Push the tray gently to close it.
4. Select a program from the AutoPlay window to access your les.
If AutoPlay is NOT enabled in your computer, to access the data on an optical disc:
• Click File Explorer from the Start menu, and then double-click the CD/DVD drive icon.
Removing an optical disc
To remove an optical disc:
1. While the system is on, do either of the following to eject the tray:
• Press the eject button on the drive bay.
• From the Start menu, click File Explorer, right-click the CD/DVD drive icon, and click
Eject.
2. Remove the disc from the disc tray.
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Refer to Chapter 1 for the location of the USB ports.
Conguring the USB ports using the BIOS
You can enable or disable the USB 3.2 Gen 2, USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-C®, USB 3.2 Gen 1 and USB 2.0
ports from the BIOS Setup.
To disable or enable the USB 3.2 Gen 2, USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-C®, USB 3.2 Gen 1 and USB 2.0
ports:
1. Press <Delete> to enter the BIOS Setup at startup.
2. From the BIOS Setup EZ Mode screen, press <F7> to enter the Advanced Mode. From the
Advanced Mode screen, click Advanced > USB Conguration > USB Single Port Control.
3. Select the USB port that you want to enable or disable.
4. Press <Enter> to enable or disable the selected USB port.
5. Click Exit and select Save Changes & Reset to save the changes made.
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Conguring the HDD security setting using the BIOS
You can set a password in the BIOS Setup to protect your HDD.
To set a password for your HDD from the BIOS Setup:
1. Press <Delete> to enter the BIOS Setup at startup.
2. From the BIOS Setup EZ Mode screen, press <F7> to enter the Advanced Mode. From the
Advanced Mode screen, click Main and the selected HDD to open the HDD Password screen.
3. Select the Set Master Password item and press <Enter>.
4. From the Create New Password box, key in a password, then press <Enter>.
5. Conrm the password when prompted.
6. Select the Set User Password item and press <Enter>.
7. Follow steps 4 and 5 to set the user password.
8. Click Exit and select Save Changes & Reset to save the changes made.
Take note of this password, which you would need to access the HDD.
To change the password for your HDD from the BIOS Setup:
1. Follow steps 1 and 2 of the previous section to open the HDD Password screen.
2. Select the Set Master Password item and press <Enter>.
3. From the Enter Current Password box, key in the current password, then press <Enter>.
4. From the Create New Password box, key in a new password, then press <Enter>.
5. Conrm the password when prompted.
6. Click Exit and select Save Changes & Reset to save the changes made.
To clear the user password, follow the same steps as in changing a user password, but press
<Enter> when prompted to create/conrm the password. After you clear the password, the Set
User Password item on top of the screen shows Not Installed.
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Connecting via a DSL/cable modem
To connect via a DSL/cable modem:
1. Set up your DSL/cable modem.
Refer to the documentation that came with your DSL/cable modem.
2. Connect one end of an RJ-45 cable to the LAN (RJ-45) port on the rear panel of your
computer and the other end to a DSL/cable modem.
Wired connection
Use an RJ-45 cable to connect your computer to a DSL/cable modem or a local area network (LAN).
Modem
RJ-45 cable
3. Turn on the DSL/cable modem and your computer.
4. Congure the necessary Internet connection settings.
• Contact your network administrator for details or assistance in setting up your Internet
connection.
• For more details, refer to the sections Conguring a dynamic IP/PPPoE network connection
or Conguring a static IP network connection.
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Chapter 4
Connecting to the Internet
Connecting via a local area network (LAN)
To connect via a LAN:
1. Connect one end of an RJ-45 cable to the LAN (RJ-45) port on the rear panel of your
computer and the other end to your LAN.
LAN
RJ-45 cable
2. Turn on your computer.
3. Congure the necessary Internet connection settings.
• Contact your network administrator for details or assistance in setting up your Internet
connection.
• For more details, refer to the sections Conguring a dynamic IP/PPPoE network connection
or Conguring a static IP network connection.
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Conguring a dynamic IP/PPPoE network connection
To congure a dynamic IP/PPPoE network connection:
1. Launch Network and Sharing Center in either of these two ways:
a) From the taskbar, right-click , then click Open Network and Sharing Center.
b) From the Start menu, click Settings > Network & Internet > Ethernet > Network and
Sharing Center.
2. From the Open Network and Sharing Center screen, click Change Adapter settings.
3. Right-click on your LAN and select
Properties.
4. Click Internet Protocol Version 4(TCP/
IPv4) and click Properties.
5. Click Obtain an IP address automatically
and click OK.
Continue to the next steps if you are using PPPoE connection.
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7. Select Connect to the Internet and
click Next.
6. Return to the Network and
Sharing Center and then click
Set up a new connection or
network.
8. Select Broadband (PPPoE) and click
Next.
9. Follow the next onscreen instructions to
complete the setup.
Conguring a static IP network connection
To congure a static IP network connection:
1. Repeat steps 1 to 4 of the previous section.
2 Click Use the following IP address.
3. Enter the IP address, Subnet mask and Gateway
from your service provider.
4. If needed, enter the preferred DNS Server
address and alternative address.
5. When done, click OK.
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ASUS Business Manager
ASUS Manager provides a set of tools for customizing and maintaining your ASUS computer.
Installing ASUS Business Manager
1. Insert your ASUS support DVD into your optical drive.
2. On the support CD window, click Utilities > ASUS Business Manager.
3. On the ASUS Manager setup screen, select the applications you want to install.
4. Click Install.
5. The system will prompt you to reboot your system once installation is complete.
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Chapter 5
Using ASUS Business Manager
Starting ASUS Manager
Launch ASUS Manager from the Start Menu by clicking Start > ASUS > ASUS Manager
Icon View and List View
ASUS Manager has an Icon View and List View. Click the List View icon to display a list of
tools available for your system.
Icon View
List View
List View
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System
The System Information screen displays hardware and software details about your computer.
Update
Click Update on the main ASUS Manager screen to download and install hardware drivers, the
latest BIOS, and updated ASUS applications.
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Security
Click Security on the main ASUS Manager screen to access PC Cleanup and USB Lock utilities.
PC Cleanup
PC Cleanup provides options to remove temporary and unnecessary les from your computer to
free up hard drive space.
ASUS Secure Delete
ASUS Secure Delete keeps your les secure by making deleted les completely irrecoverable using
a simple drag-and-drop interface.
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1. Once ASUS Secure Delete is launched, do any of
the following to add les to the deletion box:
• Drag and drop the les to the deletion box.
2. To remove a le from the deletion list, select the
le, then click .
• Right-click the le then select ASUS Secure
Delete.
To use ASUS Secure Delete:
3. Tick Delete the les listed in the recycle bin if
you want to permanently delete all the les in
the recycle bin.
4. Click Clear, and then click OK on the
conrmation message to permanently delete
all the les listed in the deletion box and the
recycle bin (if selected in step 3).
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Backup & Recovery
Click Recovery on the main ASUS Manager screen to begin Windows maintenance tasks such as
system restoration, adjusting startup settings and repairing Windows with a recovery disk.
USB Lock
The USB Lock feature secures your USB ports, card reader and optical drive from unwanted access
by setting up a password.
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Power
Click Power on the main ASUS Manager screen to congure power management. With Power
Manager, you can specity time settings for system hibernation, sleep, display and hard drive activity.
Tool
Click Tool on the main ASUS Manager screen to access the Support screen, Ai Booting or MyLogo.
Support
Support lists links to ASUS support web sites and contact information.
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Ai Booting
Ai Booting displays a list of bootable storage devices. Select a device and click the left/right buttons
to modify the boot sequence.
MyLogo
ASUS MyLogo allows you to customize the boot logo. The boot logo is the image that appears on
screen during the Power-On Self-Tests (POST).
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Changing the BIOS boot logo
1. Select any of the options, then click Next:
• Change the BIOS boot logo and update the BIOS.
• Change the BIOS boot logo only.
Before selecting the rst option, download the BIOS le to your computer using ASUS
Update.
2. Click Browse to locate the picture le that you want to use as the boot logo (and the
downloaded BIOS if required) and then click Run.
3. Follow the onscreen instructions to complete the process.
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Chapter 6
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
This chapter presents some problems you might encounter and the possible solutions.
?
My computer cannot be powered on and the power LED on the front panel
does not light up.
• Check if your computer is properly connected.
• Check if the wall outlet is functioning.
• Check if the Power Supply Unit is switched on. Refer to the section Turning your
computer ON in Chapter 1.
?
My computer hangs.
• Do the following to close the programs that are not responding:
1. Simultaneously press <Alt> + <Ctrl> + <Delete> keys on the keyboard, then
click Task Manager.
2. Select the program that is not responding, then click End Task.
• If the keyboard is not responding, press and hold the Power button on your chassis
until the computer shuts down. Then press the Power button to turn it on.
?
I cannot connect to a wireless network using the ASUS WLAN Card (on
selected models only)?
• Ensure that you enter the correct network security key for the wireless network you
want to connect to.
• Connect the external antennas (optional) to the antenna connectors on the ASUS
WLAN Card and place the antennas on the top of your computer chassis for the
best wireless performance.
?
The arrow keys on the number key pad are not working.
Check if the Number Lock LED is o. When the Number Lock LED is on, the keys on
the number key pad are used to input numbers only. Press the Number Lock key to
turn the LED o if you want to use the arrow keys on the number key pad.
?
No display on the monitor.
• Check if the monitor is powered on.
• Ensure that your monitor is properly connected to the video output port on your
computer.
• If your computer comes with a discrete graphics card, ensure that you connect your
monitor to a video output port on the discrete graphics card.
• Check if any of the pins on the monitor video connector is bent. If you discover bent
pins, replace the monitor video connector cable.
• Check if your monitor is plugged to a power source properly.
• Refer to the documentation that came with your monitor for more troubleshooting
information.
?
When using multiple monitors, only one monitor has display.
• Ensure that the both monitors are powered on.
• During POST, only the monitor connected to the VGA port has display. The dual
display function works only under Windows.
• When a graphics card is installed on your computer, ensure that you connect the
monitors to the output port on the graphics card.
• Check if the multiple displays settings are correct.
?
My computer cannot detect my USB storage device.
• The rst time you connect your USB storage device to your computer, Windows
automatically installs a driver for it. Wait for a while and go to My Computer to
check if the USB storage device is detected.
• Connect your USB storage device to another computer to test if the USB storage
device is broken or malfunctions.
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?
I want to restore or undo changes to my computer’s system settings
without aecting my personal les or data.
You can use Windows® 10 Refresh your PC without aecting your les recovery
option to restore or undo changes to your computer’s system settings without
aecting your personal data such as documents or photos. To use this recovery
option, click Settings > Update & recovery > Recovery from the Start menu,
select Refresh your PC without aecting your les, and click Get started.
?
The picture on the HDTV is distorted.
• It is caused by the dierent resolutions of your monitor and your HDTV. Adjust the
screen resolution to t your HDTV. To change the screen resolution:
• From the Start menu, click Settings > System > Display.
?
My speakers produce no sound.
• Ensure that you connect your speakers to the Line out port (lime) on the front panel
or the rear panel.
• Check if your speak is connected to an electrical source and turned on.
• Adjust your speakers’ volume.
• Ensure that your computer’s system sounds are not Muted.
• If it is muted, the volume icon is displayed as . To enable the system
sounds, click from the Windows notication area, then click .
• If it is not muted, click and drag the slider to adjust the volume.
• Connect your speakers to another computer to test if the speakers arer working
properly.
?
The DVD drive cannot read a disc.
• Check if the disc is placed with the label side facing up.
• Check if the disc is centered in the tray, especially for the discs with
non-standard size or shape.
• Check if the disc is scratched or damaged.
?
The DVD drive eject button is not responding.
1. From the Start menu, click File Explorer.
2. Right-click , then click Eject from the menu
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Power
Problem Possible Cause Action
No power
(The power
indicator is o)
Incorrect power voltage
• Set your computer’s power voltage
switch to your area’s power
requirements.
• Adjust the voltage settings. Ensure that
the power cord is unplugged from the
power outlet.
Your computer is not turned
on.
Press the power key on the front panel to
ensure that your computer is turned on.
Your computer’s power cord
is not properly connected.
• Ensure that the power cord is properly
connected.
• Use other compatible power cord.
PSU (Power supply unit)
problems
Contact the ASUS Service Center about
installing another PSU on your computer.
Display
Problem Possible Cause Action
No display output
after turning the
computer on
(Black screen)
The signal cable is not
connected to the correct
VGA port on your computer.
• Connect the signal cable to the correct
display port (onboard VGA or discrete
VGA port).
• If you are using a discrete VGA card,
connect the signal cable to the discrete
VGA port.
Signal cable problems Try connecting to another monitor.
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LAN
Problem Possible Cause Action
Cannot access the
Internet
The LAN cable is not
connected.
Connect the LAN cable to your
computer.
LAN cable problems
Ensure the LAN LED is on. If not, try
another LAN cable. If it still does not
work, contact the ASUS service center.
Your computer is not
properly connected to a
router or hub.
Ensure that your computer is properly
connected to a router or hub.
Network settings Contact your Internet Service Provider
(ISP) for the correct LAN settings.
Problems caused by the anti-
virus software Close the anti-virus software.
Driver problems Reinstall the LAN driver
Audio
Problem Possible Cause Action
No Audio
Speaker or headphone is
connected to the wrong port.
• Refer to your computer’s User Guide
for the correct port.
• Disconnect and reconnect the speaker
to your computer.
Speaker or headphone does
not work.
Try using another speaker or
headphone.
The front and back audio
ports do not work.
Try both the front and back audio ports.
If one port failed, check if the port is set
to multi-channel.
Driver problems Reinstall the audio driver
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System
Problem Possible Cause Action
System speed is
too slow
Too many programs are
running. Close some of the programs.
Computer virus attack
• Use an anti-virus software to scan for
viruses and repair your computer.
• Reinstall the operating system.
The system often
hangs or freezes.
Hard disk drive failure
• Send the damaged hard disk drive to
ASUS Service Center for servicing.
• Replace with a new hard disk drive.
Memory module problems
• Replace with compatible memory
modules.
• Remove the extra memory modules
that you have installed, then try again.
• Contact the ASUS Service Center for
assistance.
There is not enough
air ventilation for your
computer.
Move your computer to an area with
better air ow.
Incompatible softwares are
installed.
Reinstall the OS and reinstall
compatible softwares.
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CPU
Problem Possible Cause Action
Too noisy right
after turning on the
computer.
Your computer is booting up.
It is normal. The fan runs on its full
speed when the computer is powering
on. The fan slows down after entering
the OS.
The BIOS settings have been
changed. Restore the BIOS to its default settings.
Old BIOS version
Update the BIOS to the latest version.
Visit the ASUS Support site at https://
www.asus.com/support to download
the latest BIOS versions.
Computer is too
noisy when in use.
The CPU fan has been
replaced.
Ensure that you are using a compatible
or ASUS-recommended CPU fan.
There is not enough air
ventilation for the computer.
Ensure that your computer is working
in an area with good air ow.
The system temperature is
too high.
• Update the BIOS.
• If you know how to reinstall the
motherboard, try to clean the inner
space of the chassis.
• Contact the ASUS Service Center for
assistance.
If the problem still persists, refer to your Desktop PC’s warranty card and contact the ASUS Service
Center. Visit the ASUS Support site at https://www.asus.com/support for the service center
information.
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Appendix
Using Windows® 10
Starting for the rst time
When you start your computer for the rst time, a series of screens appear to guide you in
conguring the basic settings of your Windows® 10 operating system.
To start your Desktop PC for the rst time:
When you start your computer for the rst time, a series of screens appear to guide you in
conguring the basic settings of your Windows® 10 operating system.
To start your Desktop PC for the rst time:
1. Press the power button on your Desktop PC. Wait for a few minutes until the setup screen
appears.
2. From the setup screen, pick your region and language that you want to use on your desktop
PC.
3. Carefully read the License Terms, then tap I Accept.
4. Follow the onscreen instructions to congure the following basic items:
• Personalize
• Get online
• Settings
• Your account
5. Wait until Windows® 10 nishes installing the apps and system settings. After the installation,
the Windows® 10 desktop appears.
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Click your account name to change the
picture, sign out of your account, or lock your
Desktop PC
Click to display all the apps
Click to put on sleep mode, shut down,
or restart your desktop PC
Click to expand the Start screen
Click to launch the Start menu
Pin on or launch
a tiled-format
app from the
Start screen
Pin on or launch an app
from the taskbar
Start menu
Windows® 10 brings back the Start menu with some enhancements, such as the space that you can
customize with your favorite apps, people, or websites.
You can launch the Start menu in two ways:
• Click the Start button from the lower-left corner of the taskbar.
• Press the Windows® Start key on your keyboard.
Pinning apps to the Start screen or taskbar
To pin an app to the Start screen or taskbar:
1. From the Start menu, click All apps, then select the app that you want to pin.
2. Click Pin to Start or Pin to taskbar to pin your selected app to the Start screen or taskbar.
You can also drag then drop an app to the Start Screen or taskbar to pin it.
Using the Windows® 10 UI
The Windows® 10 User Interface (UI) includes the favorite Start menu and the tiled-formatted Start
screen. It includes the following features you can use while working on your Desktop PC.
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Start screen
The Start screen , which appears together with the Start menu, helps organize all the apps you need
in just one place. The apps on the Start screen are displayed on tiled-format for easy access.
Some apps require signing in to your Microsoft account before they are fully launched.
Click to restore the
Start screen
Moving apps on the Start screen
You can move apps from the Start screen simply through dragging and dropping the app to your
preferred location.
Unpinning apps from the Start screen
To unpin an app from the Start screen, right-click on the app to activate its settings bar then click
Unpin from Start.
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Taskbar
Windows® 10 comes with the standard taskbar, which keeps all your currently running apps or
items in the background.
Unpinning apps from the taskbar
1. From the Start screen or taskbar, right-click the app you want to unpin.
2. Click Unpin from Start or Unpin this program from taskbar to remove the app from the
Start screen or taskbar.
Using the Task View
When you have several running apps, you can click from the taskbar to display all your
running apps, and click on an app or item to launch it.
If task view is disabled, click > Show Task View button to display the task view icon .
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Snap feature
The Snap feature displays about four apps or more in one screen, allowing you to work or switch
among apps.
Using Snap
Use your Desktop PC’s mouse or keyboard to activate Snap onscreen.
Using your mouse
a) Launch an app, then drag and release on a screen corner to snap it in place.
b) Snap another app to your preferred location on the screen.
Using your keyboard
a) Launch an app, press and the arrow keys to select the direction where you want to
snap the app in place.
b) Snap another app using and the arrow keys.
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Keyboard shortcuts
Using your keyboard, you can also use the following shortcuts to help you launch apps and
navigate Windows® 10.
Switches between the Start screen and the last running app
+ <D>
Launches the desktop
+ <E>
Launches File Explorer
+ <F> or
+ <W>
Activates the File search function
+ <H>
Launches Share
+ <I>
Launches Settings
+ <K>
Launches Media Connect
+ <L>
Activates the Lock screen
+ <M>
Hides all currently active screens to the taskbar
+ <P>
Your desktop PC is mirrored to your secondary monitor
+ <Q>
Launches Cortana
+ <R>
Launches the Run window
+ <U>
Launches Ease of Access Center
+ <X>
Launches a menu box of Windows tools
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3. Follow the onscreen instructions to complete the reinstallation and reset process.
Removing everything and reinstalling Windows® 10
Restoring your PC to its original factory settings can be done using the Remove everything and
reinstall options in PC Settings. Refer to the steps below to use this option.
Back up all your data before using this option.
This process may take a while to complete.
1. From the Start menu, click Settings > Update & security > Recovery.
2. Scroll down to view the Remove everything and reinstall Windows option. Under this
option, click Get started.
+ <+>
Launches the magnier and zooms in your screen.
+ <->
Zooms out your screen.
+ <Enter>
Opens the Narrator Settings.