Ariete Airy Fryer Digital User Manual
Displayed below is the user manual for Airy Fryer Digital by Ariete which is a product in the Fryers category. This manual has pages.
Related Manuals
COD. 6195101500 REV. 0 del 20/12/2018
MOD. 4616
827070
15-20min
200 °C
20-25min
180 °C
15-20min
160 °C
20-30min
160 °C 20-25min
200 °C
10-20min
180 °C
15-20min
160 °C
De’ Longhi Appliances Srl
Divisione Commerciale Ariete
Via L. Seitz, 47
31100 Treviso (TV) - Italy
E-Mail: info@ariete.net
Internet: www.ariete.net
Friggitrice ad aria
Airy fryer
Friteuse sans huile
Luftfriteuse
Freidora de aire
Fritadeira sem óleo
Heteluchtfriteuse
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6WRUHWKHDSSOLDQFHLQGRRUVLQDFRRODQGGU\SODFH
Danger of damage originating from other causes
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• :KHQ\RXKDYHWROHDYHIRUHYHQDVKRUWSHULRGRIWLPHWXUQRIIWKHDSSOLDQFH
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• SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLIANCE
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, 3RZHUFRUG
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BEFORE USE
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3ODFHWKHDSSOLDQFHRQDÀDWVXUIDFHDQGDZD\IURPWKHZDWHU7KHDSSOLDQFHPXVWEHXVHGDQG
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- 7RWDOO\XQZLQGWKHSRZHUFRUG
Check that the domestic mains voltage is the same as the voltage indicated on the label of
the device.
Warning!
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16
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DQGDVRIWQRQDEUDVLYHVSRQJH6HHWKH$SSOLDQFHFOHDQLQJSDUDJUDSK
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
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,QVHUWWKHEDVNHWLQWKHFRQWDLQHU7KHFRUUHFWLQVHUWLRQLVGRQHZLWKDFOLFN)LJ
0RYHWKHFXUVRU*WRZDUGVWKHKDQGOH
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If the container is not inserted correctly the appliance does not start working.
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PLQXWHWRPLQXWHVDWRQHPLQXWHLQWHUYDOV
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WKHWKHUPRVWDWLVZRUNLQJWRPDLQWDLQWKHLGHDOFRRNLQJWHPSHUDWXUH7KHGLVSOD\DOWHUQDWHVWKH
WLPHZKLFKGHFUHDVHVDQGWKHVHOHFWHGWHPSHUDWXUH7RFKDQJHWKHWLPHDQGWHPSHUDWXUHGXULQJ
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level.
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bit of smoke: don't worry, it's perfectly normal because some parts were lightly lubricated,
the phenomenon will disappear after a short time. This will have no effect on the operation
of the appliance.
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Warning!
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'DQJHURIEXUQV'RQRWSUHVVWKHXQORFNLQJEXWWRQRIWKHEDVNHWZKLOHVKDNLQJWKHDSSOLDQFH
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Warning!
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VRPHPLQXWHVDIWHUWXUQLQJRIIWKHDSSOLDQFH:DLWIRUWKHFRROLQJRIKRWSDUWV
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To remove large or fragile ingredients from the basket use some tongs.
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prepare other ingredients.
Preparation tips
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Pre-set programs
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frozen chips
fresh chips
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Auto-off function
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CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE
Warning!
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Warning!
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Cleaning the appliance
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The container and the basket are non-stick: opacity and signs, that may appear after pro-
longed use, are normal and do not affect cooking and food taste.
20
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VOR DER VERWENDUNG
'DV9HUSDFNXQJVPDWHULDODXVGHP*HUlWHQWIHUQHQ
'DV*HUlWDXIHLQHVWDELOHKRUL]RQWDOH)OlFKHXQGQLFKWLQGHU1lKHYRQ:DVVHUVWHOOHQDas Ge-
UlWPXVVDXIHLQHUIHVWHQIUKRKH7HPSHUDWXUHQJHHLJQHWHQ2EHUÀlFKHEHQXW]WXQGDEJHVWHOOW
ZHUGHQ
- 'DV$QVFKOXVVNDEHONRPSOHWWDXVUROOHQ
Überprüfen, ob die Netzspannung der Hausinstallation mit den Angaben auf dem Typen-
schild des Geräts entspricht.
Achtung!
'DV*HUlWPLQFPYRQ:lQGHQ0|EHOQRGHUDQGHUHQ*HUlWHQHQWIHUQWVWHOOHQ
9RUGHPHUVWHQ*HEUDXFKGHV*HUlWVGHQ%HKlOWHU'XQGGHQ.RUE+VSOHQ
'HQ*ULII(EHQXW]HQXPGHQ%HKlOWHUVDPW.RUEDXVGHP*HUlWHN|USHU&$EEKHUDXV-
]X]LHKHQ
'HQ6FKLHEHVFKDOWHU*JHJHQGHQ.RUE$EEVFKLHEHQ
- 'LH.RUEHQWVSHUUWDVWH)GUFNHQXQGJOHLFK]HLWLJGHQ.RUEDXVGHP%HKlOWHUHQWQHKPHQGD-
EHLQDFKREHQ]LHKHQ$EE
'HU%HKlOWHUXQGGHU.RUEGUIHQLQGHU6SOPDVFKLQHJHVSOWZHUGHQ$OWHUQDWLYNDQQPDQHLQ
QRUPDOH6SOPLWWHOXQGHLQHQZHLFKHQQLFKWVFKHXHUQGHQ6FKZDPPYHUZHQGHQ6LHK$EVDW]5HL-
QLJXQJGHV*HUlWV
38
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BEDIENUNGSANLEITUNG
'LH/HEHQVPLWWHOQLQGHQ.RUEJHEHQ'LH0$;0DUNLHUXQJQLFKWEHUVFKUHLWHQ
'HQ.RUELQGHQ%HKlOWHUHLQVFKLHEHQ'DVNRUUHNWH(LQVWHFNHQHUIROJWPLWHLQHP.OLFN$EE
%HZHJHQ6LHGHQ&XUVRU*LQ5LFKWXQJ*ULII
'HQ%HKlOWHULQGHQ*HUlWN|USHUHLQVFKLHEHQ
Wenn der Behälter nicht korrekt eingeschoben wurde, startet das Gerät nicht.
'HQ6WHFNHULQGLH6WURPVWHFNGRVHHLQVWHFNHQ
'UFNHQ6LHGLH(LQVWHOOWDVWHQGHU7HPSHUDWXU1XQGZlKOHQ6LHGLH.RFK]HLW
(VLVWP|JOLFK
GLH7HPSHUDWXU]ZLVFKHQ&XQG&LQ6FKULWWHQYRQ&HLQ]XVWHOOHQ
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=HLW]ZLVFKHQ0LQXWHXQG0LQXWHQLQ6FKULWWHQYRQHLQHU0LQXWHHLQ]XVWHOOHQ
8PGLH$XVZDKOJHVFKZLQGLJNHLW]XHUK|KHQPVVHQGLH(LQVWHOOWDVWHQGHU=HLWXQGGHU7HPSHUD-
WXUJHGUFNWJHKDOWHQZHUGHQ
'UFNHQ6LHDOWHUQDWLYGLH$XVZDKOWDVWHGHU3URJUDPPH3:lKOHQ6LHGDV.RFKSURJUDPP
GDVGHU$UWGHUGDUJHVWHOOWHQ6SHLVHHQWVSULFKWVLHKH³=XEHUHLWXQJVWLSSV´IUGLH3URJUDPPGH-
WDLOV
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'LH%HOIWXQJVDQ]HLJH.VFKDOWHWVLFKHLQXPDQ]X]HLJHQGDVVGDV%HOIWXQJVV\VWHPDNWL-
YLHUWZXUGH
'LH.RFKDQ]HLJH/VFKDOWHWVLFKHLQ
-
'DV*HUlWIlQJWDQGLH/HEHQVPLWWHOQ]XNRFKHQ
:lKUHQGGHV.RFKHQVNDQQPDQEHPHUNHQGDVVVLFKGLH.RFKDQ]HLJH/UHJHOPlLJHLQXQG
DXVVFKDOWHW'LHV]HLJWGLH7KHUPRVWDWHLQJULIIHDQGLHGLHULFKWLJH.RFKWHPSHUDWXUVLFKHUQ$XI
GHP'LVSOD\ZHFKVHOQVLFKGLH=HLWGLHDEQLPPWXQGGLHDXVJHZlKOWH7HPSHUDWXUDE8PGLH=HLW
XQGGLH7HPSHUDWXUZlKUHQGGHV.RFKHQVDE]XlQGHUQPVVHQ6LHGLH(LQVWHOOWDVWHQYHUZHQGHQ
'LH/XIW)ULWWHXVHNDQQIUGLH=XEHUHLWXQJHLQHUJURHQ9LHOIDOWYRQ/HEHQVPLWWHOQYHUZHQGHWZHU-
GHQ%LWWHDXIGDV5H]HSWEXFK%H]XJQHKPHQ
(VLVWP|JOLFKGLH/HEHQVPLWWHOIU0LQXWHQYRU]XKHL]HQEHYRUGLH.RFK]HLWHLQJHVWHOOWZLUG
RGHUGLUHNWGLH+HL]]HLWGHU.RFK]HLWKLQ]XIJHQ
Den Behälter nicht mit Öl füllen.
Den Korb nicht mit Lebensmitteln überfüllen. Die von der entsprechenden Stufe angegebe-
QHPD[LPDOH0HQJHHLQKDOWHQ
Beim ersten Gebrauch kann es passieren, dass das Gerät einen leichten Geruch und etwas
Rauch ausgibt: Keine Sorge! Das ist absolut normal, weil einige Teile leicht geschmiert
sind. Nach einiger Zeit wird den Geruch verschwinden. Dies hat keine Einwirkung auf der
Betriebsweise des Geräts.
'DV*HUlWGDUIZlKUHQGGHV%HWULHEHVDXI3DXVHHLQJHVFKDOWHWZHUGHQ]XP%HLVSLHOXPGLH
=XWDWHQZlKUHQGGHV.RFKSUR]HVVHV]XPLVFKHQ
'HQ*ULIIYHUZHQGHQXPGHQ%HKlOWHUKHUDXV]X]LHKHQGDEHLQDFKDXHQ]LHKHQ'DV*HUlW
VFKDOWHWVLFKDXV
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8PGDV*HUlWZLHGHULQ%HWULHE]XVHW]HQGHQ%HKlOWHULQVHLQHQ6LW]HLQVFKLHEHQ
39
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Achtung!
9HUEUHQQXQJVJHIDKU%HUKUHQ6LHQLFKWGHQ%HKlOWHUGHQ.RUEXQGGLH0HWDOOWHLOHGHV*HUlWV
9HUEUHQQXQJVJHIDKU%HLP6FKWWHOQGHV%HKlOWHUVGLH6SHUUWDVWHGHV.RUEHVQLFKWGUFNHQ
9HUEUHQQXQJVJHIDKU %HLP +HUDXV]LHKHQ GHV %HKlOWHUV DXV GHP *HUlWHN|USHUV ZHUGHQ
DXFKKHLH/XIWXQG'DPSIDXVJHVWRHQ+lQGHXQG*HVLFKWZHLWYRP%HKlOWHUKDOWHQ
$P(QGHGHV.RFKYRUJDQJHVJLEWGDV*HUlWHLQH%HHS7RQDXVXQGVFKDOWHWVLFKDXWRPDWLVFKDXV
:HQQGLH=XWDWHQQLFKWIHUWLJVLQGUHLFKWHVGHQ%HKlOWHUZLHGHULQGDV*HUlWHLQ]XVHW]HQXQGGHQ
7LPHUDXIHLQLJH0LQXWHQHLQ]XVWHOOHQ
8PGDV*HUlWPDQXHOODXV]XVFKDOWHQPVVHQ6LHGLH(LQVFKDOW$XVVFKDOWWDVWH2GUFNHQ'LH
.RFKDQ]HLJH/VFKDOWHWVLFKDXV'DV%HOIWXQJVV\VWHPVWRSSWHLQLJH$XJHQEOLFNHVSlWHU
'HQ%HKlOWHUKHUDXV]LHKHQ
'HQ6FKLHEHVFKDOWHU*JHJHQGHQ.RUE$EEVFKLHEHQ
'LH.RUEHQWVSHUUWDVWH)GUFNHQXQGJOHLFK]HLWLJGHQ.RUEDXVGHP%HKlOWHUHQWQHKPHQGD-
EHLQDFKREHQ]LHKHQ$EE
'LH/HEHQVPLWWHOQDXIHLQ7HOOHUJHEHQ6HUYLHUHQ
Achtung!
9HUEUHQQXQJVJHIDKU'HQ%HKlOWHUGHQ.RUEXQGGLHPHWDOOLVFKHQ7HLOHQGHV*HUlWVHLQLJH
0LQXWHQQDFKGHP$XVVFKDOWHQQLFKWDQIDVVHQ:DUWHQELVGLHKHLHQ7HLOHDEJHNKOWVLQG
6LFKHUVWHOOHQ GDVV GLH PLW GHP *HUlW JHNRFKWHQ /HEHQVPLWWHOQ JROGJHOE VLQG XQG QLFKW
VFKZDU]RGHUEUDXQ'LHHYHQWXHOOHQ9HUEUHQQXQJVUHVWHDXVGHQ/HEHQVPLWWHOQHQWIHUQHQ
Um die großen oder zerbrechlichen Lebensmitteln aus dem Korb herauszuziehen, geeigne-
te Lebensmittelzangen verwenden.
'HQHYHQWXHOOHQgOEHUÁXVVZLUGDP%RGHQGHV%HKlOWHUJHVDPPHOW
Wenn Sie mit dem Kochen der Lebensmitteln fertig sind, kann das Gerät zur Vorbereitung
anderer Lebensmitteln verwendet werden.
Vorbereitungsratschläge
(YHQWXHOONDQQPDQGDV*HUlWRKQH=XWDWHQYRUZlUPHQ
'UFNHQ6LHGLH(LQVWHOOWDVWHQGHU7HPSHUDWXU1XQGZlKOHQ6LHGLH.RFK]HLW
'UFNHQ6LHGLH(LQVWHOOWDVWHQGHU.RFK]HLW4XQGVWHOOHQ6LHGHQ7LPHUDXIPHKUDOVGUHL
0LQXWHQHLQ
'UFNHQ6LHGLH7DVWH]XP(LQVFKDOWHQ$XVVFKDOWHQ2
'DV*HUlWOlXIW
'LHNOHLQHUHQ/HEHQVPLWWHOQEUDXFKHQHLQHNU]HUH.RFK]HLWLP9HUJOHLFK]XGHQJU|HUHQ
(LQHJU|HUH0HQJHDQ=XWDWHQHUIRUGHUWHLQHHWZDVOlQJHUH=XEHUHLWXQJV]HLWZlKUHQGHLQHJH-
ULQJHUHU0HQJHHLQHHWZDVJHULQJHUH=HLWEHQ|WLJW
'DV0LVFKHQGHUNOHLQHUHQ=XWDWHQEHLGHU+lOIWHGHU.RFK]HLWYHUHLQIDFKWHLQJOHLFKPlLJHV.R-
FKHUJHEQLV
)JHQ6LHIUHLQNQXVSULJHV(UJHEQLVHLQHQ(VVO|IIHOgOGHQIULVFKHQRGHUJHIURUHQHQ.DUWRIIHOQ
KLQ]X
'LHLP2IHQYRU]XEHUHLWHQGHQ6QDFNVN|QQHQDXFKLQGHU/XIW)ULWWHXVHJHNRFKWZHUGHQ
'LHRSWLPDOH0HQJHIUGLH=XEHUHLWXQJYRQ3RPPHV)ULWHVEHWUlJWHWZD*UDPP
9HUZHQGHQ 6LHIHUWLJH 7HLJZDUHQ XP JHIOOWH 6QDFNV OHLFKW XQG VFKQHOOYRU]XEHUHLWHQ )HUQHU
40
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NRFKHQGLHVFKRQIHUWLJH7HLJZDUHQVFKQHOOHUDOVGLH+DXVJHPDFKWHQ
Voreingestellte Programme
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KDQGHQVLQG
7HPSHUDWXU& =HLWPLQ
gefrorene Pommes
Frites
frische Pommes Fri-
tes
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6LJNHLWHQ
+XKQ
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Fisch
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]HLWHLQJHVWHOOWGLHDXI*UXQGODJHGHU$UWGHV/HEHQVPLWWHOVHPSIRKOHQZLUG'LH.RFK]HLWLVWLQ-
GLNDWLYXQGKlQJWYRQGHU'LFNHXQGGHU0HQJHGHU/HEHQVPLWWHOQDE(VLVWP|JOLFKGLH=HLWXQG
7HPSHUDWXUDXFKYRQYRUHLQJHVWHOOWHQ.RFKSURJUDPPHQ]XYHUlQGHUQ
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=ZHLWHV.RFKHQ0LQXWHQ
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Kartoffelspalten ±0LQXWHQ
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41
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.XFKHQ ±0LQXWHQ
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Fisch ±0LQXWHQ
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VLFKDXWRPDWLVFKDXV8PGDV*HUlWPDQXHOODXV]XVFKDOWHQPVVHQ6LHGLH(LQVFKDOW$XVVFKDOW-
WDVWH2GUFNHQ'LH.RFKDQ]HLJH/VFKDOWHW VLFKDXV'DV%HOIWXQJVV\VWHPVWRSSWHLQLJH
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DXV
REINIGUNG UND WARTUNG
Achtung!
%HYRU6LHGDV*HUlWUHLQLJHQGHQ6WHFNHUDXVGHU6WHFNGRVH]LHKHQ-HGHU(LQJULIIVROOEHLP
NDOWHQ*HUlWHUIROJHQ
Achtung!
'DV*HUlWQLHLQV:DVVHURGHUDQGHUH)OVVLJNHLWHQWDXFKHQ
Achtung!
9RUGHP*HEUDXFKGHQ=XVWDQGGHV*HUlWHVWURPNDEHOVUHJHOPlLJSUIHQ)DOOVGLHVEH-
VFKlGLJWLVWGDV.DEHOEHLHLQHP]XVWlQGLJHQ6HUYLFH&HQWHUQXUGXUFK)DFKSHUVRQDOHUVHW-
]HQODVVHQ
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Reinigung des Geräts
'LH3ODVWLNWHLOHPLWHLQHPIHXFKWHQQLFKWVFKHXHUQGHQ7XFKUHLQLJHQXQGPLWHLQHPWURFNHQHQ
7XFKWURFNQHQ
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2EHUÀlFKHQWURFNQHQ
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Reinigung der Bestandteile
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42
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einer gewissen Zeit matt werden. Dies ist nach einem verlängertem Gebrauch absolut nor-
mal und beeinträchtigt nicht die Kochresultate und das Geschmack der gekochten Lebens-
mitteln.
WAS TUN, WENN ES PROBLEME GIBT
3UREOHPH 0|JOLFKH8UVDFKHQ /|VXQJHQ
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44
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A PROPÓSITO DE ESTE MANUAL
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ADVERTENCIAS DE SEGURIDAD
LEA ATENTAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES.
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Peligro para los niños
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Advertencia relativa a quemaduras
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DESCRIPCIÓN DEL APARATO
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ANTES DE UTILIZAR EL APARATO
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Controle que la tensión de la red doméstica sea igual que la indicada en la tarjeta con los
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¡Atención!
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Si el no se ha colocado el contenedor en el modo correcto , el aparato no se pone en marcha.
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El aparato empieza a cocer los alimentos
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No llene el contenedor con aceite.
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cada por la marca.
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humo: no hay que preocuparse, es perfectamente normal ya que algunas partes han sido li-
geramente engrasadas, después de poco tiempo el fenómeno desaparece. Esto no afectará
al funcionamiento del aparato.
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Para sacar los ingredientes anchos o frágiles de la cesta, utilice pinzas para alimentos.
50
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Cuando haya terminado de cocinar los ingredientes, el aparato se puede volver a utilizar
inmediatamente para preparar otros alimentos.
Consejos de preparación
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Programas preestablecidos
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patatas fritas conge-
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patatas fritas frescas
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pollo
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53
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56
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57
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técnicos do aparelho.
Atenção!
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DSDUHOKRV
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GHFR]HGXUD1RGLVSOD\VmRYLVXDOL]DGRVGHPRGRDOWHUQDGRRWHPSRTXHHVWiDGLPLQXLUHD
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da indicada pelo nível.
Quando utilizar o aparelho pela primeira vez, pode-se sentir um pouco de cheiro de fumaça:
QmRVHSUHRFXSHLVWRpSHUIHLWDPHQWHQRUPDOSRLVDOJXPDVSHoDVIRUDPOHYHPHQWHOXEUL-
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funcionamento do aparelho.
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WXUDURVLQJUHGLHQWHVGXUDQWHRSURFHVVRGHFR]HGXUD
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Para remover os ingredientes largos ou frágeis do cesto deve-se usar pinças para alimen-
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Conselhos de preparação
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LIMPEZA E MANUTENÇÃO
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68
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69
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Let op – schade aan materialen
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• BEWAAR DEZE INSTRUCTIES ALTIJD.
70
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BESCHRIJVING VAN HET APPARAAT
$/XFKWWRHYRHU - 3URJUDPPD¶V
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VOOR HET GEBRUIK
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=HWGHPDFKLQHRSHHQYODNRSSHUYODNHQXLWGHEXXUWYDQZDWHU Het apparaat moet op een
VWHYLJYODNGDWWHJHQKRJHWHPSHUDWXUHQLVEHVWDQGZRUGHQJHEUXLNWHQEHZDDUG
- :LNNHOKHWVWURRPVQRHUKHOHPDDODI
Controleer of de netspanning in huis dezelfde is als die op het plaatje met technische gege-
vens van het apparaat.
Let op!
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UDWHQ
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71
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GEBRUIKSAANWIJZING
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Als de bak niet goed is aangebracht begint het apparaat niet te werken.
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-
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Doe geen olie in de bak.
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aangegeven hoeveelheid in acht.
Wanneer u het apparaat voor het eerst gebruikt, kan het gebeuren dat het een lichte rook-
lucht afgeeft: Geen zorg! Het is perfect normaal, omdat sommige onderdelen lichtelijk zijn
gesmeerd. Na korte tijd zal dit verschijnsel verdwijnen. Dit heeft geen enkele invloed op de
werking van het apparaat.
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Let op!
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72
NL
DSSDUDDW
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Let op!
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GHOHQDIJHNRHOG]LMQ
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]ZDUWRIEUXLQ9HUZLMGHUHYHQWXHOHYHUEUDQGHUHVWHQXLWGHHWHQVZDUHQ
Om de brede of breekbare ingrediënten uit het friteusemandje te halen, gebruikt u de tang.
Een eventueel teveel aan olie wordt op de bodem van de bak opgevangen.
Wanneer u klaar bent met het bereiden van de ingrediënten, kan het apparaat meteen op-
nieuw worden gebruikt om andere etenswaren te bereiden.
Bereidingstips
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'UXNRSGHWRHWVHQRPGHWHPSHUDWXXULQWHVWHOOHQ1HQVHOHFWHHUGHDLUIU\WHPSHUDWXXU
'UXNRSGHWRHWVHQRPGHDLUIU\WLMGLQWHVWHOOHQ4HQVWHOGHWLPHULQRSPHHUGDQPLQXWHQ
'UXNRSGHDDQXLWWRHWV2
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(HQJURWHUHKRHYHHOKHLGLQJUHGLsQWHQKHHIWHHQLHWVODQJHUHEHUHLGLQJVWLMGQRGLJWHUZLMOHHQNOHLQH-
UHKRHYHHOKHLGHHQLHWVNRUWHUHEHUHLGLQJVWLMGQRGLJKHHIW
'RRUGHNOHLQHUHLQJUHGLsQWHQKDOYHUZHJHGHEHUHLGLQJWHPHQJHQZRUGWKHWHLQGUHVXOWDDWJHRSWL-
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6QDFNVGLHLQGHRYHQPRHWHQZRUGHQEHUHLGNXQQHQRRNLQGHKHWHOXFKWIULWHXVHZRUGHQJHGDDQ
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NODDUGHHJLVERYHQGLHQVQHOOHUJDDUGDQ]HOIJHPDDNWGHHJ
73
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Vooringestelde programma's
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GHYRRULQJHVWHOGHDLUIU\SURJUDPPDVNXQQHQZRUGHQJHZLM]LJG
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74
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ƴƸƧƵƫƬƣƮƧƵƱƲƣƳƱƯƧƥƸƧƫƳƫƦƫƱ
ȂȠȜȠȞȩIJȚȠȚıȣıțİȣȑȢțĮIJĮıțİȣȐıIJȘțĮȞıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮijȑȢIJȦȞțİȓȝİȞȦȞİȣȡȦʌĮȧ-
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IJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠĮȣIJȩȖȚĮȞĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮIJȠıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȪİıIJİıIJȠȝȑȜȜȠȞǹȞʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮįȫıİIJİIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒıİțȐʌȠȚȠȐȜȜȠȐIJȠȝȠșȣȝȘșİȓIJİȞĮIJȠȣʌĮȡĮįȫıİIJİȝĮȗȓțĮȚIJȠʌĮȡȩȞİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ
ȅȚʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢijȑȡȠȣȞIJĮʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıȪȝȕȠȜĮʌȠȣıȘȝĮȓȞȠȣȞ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȖȚĮIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐ
ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȓȘıȘȖȚĮİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
ȆȡȠıȠȤȒ±ȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȗȘȝȚȐȢĮʌȩįȚȐijȠȡİȢȐȜȜİȢĮȚIJȓİȢ
ƲƳƱƤƭƧƲƱƮƧƯƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮȞĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȥİIJİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮǾ ıȣıțİȣȒįİȞİȓ-
ȞĮȚțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȖȚĮIJȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮȣȖȡȫȞIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞǹȞȤȡİȚĮıIJİȓȞĮʌȡȠıșȑıİIJİȝȚțȡȑȢʌȠıȩIJȘIJİȢ
ȣȖȡȠȪȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮIJȠțȐȞİIJİʌȠȜȪʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐĮijȠȪȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢIJĮıIJİȡİȐIJȡȩijȚȝĮȑȤȠȣȞ
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ȡİȓȞĮȣʌİȡȤİȚȜȓıİȚıİįȚȐijȠȡĮıȘȝİȓĮIJȘȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢțĮȚ ȞĮįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȒıİȚ ʌȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮıIJȠȞ
țĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȒțĮȚȗȘȝȚȑȢıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠȞțĮIJĮ-
ıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠʌȠȣıȣȞİʌȫȢĮʌĮȜȜȐııİIJĮȚĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȗȘȝȚȑȢțȐșİijȪıȘȢ
ʌȠȣȠijİȓȜȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢǾIJȡȠʌȠʌȠȓȘıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȑȤİȚȦȢ
İʌĮțȩȜȠȣșȠIJȘȞĮțȪȡȦıȘIJȘȢİȖȖȪȘıȘȢ
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ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȓȘıȘ ȖȚĮ İȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ ȂȘȞ ĮȖȖȓȗİIJİ IJȠ țĮȜȐșȚ IJȠȞ țȐįȠ țĮȚ IJĮ
İıȦIJİȡȚțȐȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȖȚĮȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐĮijȩIJȠȣȑȤİȚıȕȒıİȚ
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıȠȣȞȠȚȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƫƴƣƴƷƣƭƧƫƣƴ
ǼȀǺǻǺȉȊǽȇȈȆȉǽȁȊȀȁǺȊȀȉȇǺȈǺȁǺȊȎȆǼǿĬȀǽȉ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȣIJȒʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȖȚĮȤȡȒıȘİȠȚțȚĮțȑȢİijĮȡȝȠȖȑȢțĮȚʌĮȡȩȝȠȚİȢ
ȩʌȦȢ
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İʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢȤȫȡȠȣȢ
ıIJĮĮȖȡȠțIJȒȝĮIJĮ
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țȐʌȠȚĮȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘʌȠȣįİȞĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞ
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ȩIJȚįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚįȦȡİȐȞIJİȤȞȚțȒȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȖȚĮIJȚȢȗȘȝȚȑȢʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘ-
țĮȞĮʌȩĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒĮʌȩȑȞĮ
İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
ǾȤȡȒıȘİȟĮȡIJȘȝȐIJȦȞʌȠȣįİȞıȣȞȚıIJȐȒįİȞȑȤİȚʌȡȠȝȘșİȪıİȚȠțĮIJĮıțİȣĮ-
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ĮȢȒIJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒıȣȝȝȠȡijȫȞİIJĮȚȝİIJȘȞȠįȘȖȓĮǼȀȊʌĮȡIJȘȢ
ʌİȡȓȣȜȚțȫȞıİİʌĮijȒȝİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓDŽNJǂǕǂǍNJNjǒƽǑǂNJDžNJƽ
ǹʌĮȖȠȡİȪİIJĮȚȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦĮʌȩİIJȫȞțĮȚȐIJȠȝĮ
ȝİİȚįȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȒĮʌȩȐIJȠȝĮʌȠȣįİȞȑȤȠȣȞIJȘȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘʌİȓȡĮİțIJȩȢ
țĮȚĮȞİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȣʌİȪșȣȞȠʌȠȣȑȤİȚįȚĮȕȐıİȚțĮȚțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚIJȚȢ
ȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
IJĮʌĮȚįȚȐįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮȡȝȠįȚȩIJȘIJĮ
IJȠȣȤȡȒıIJȘįİȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌȠȞIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞİʌȓȕȜİȥȘ
İȞȩȢİȞȒȜȚțĮ
ȀȡĮIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐȝȚțȡȩIJİ-
ȡĮIJȦȞİIJȫȞ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȑIJıȚȫıIJİIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮȝȘȞijIJȐȞȠȣȞȞĮĮȖȖȓ-
ȟȠȣȞIJĮțĮȣIJȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȖțĮIJĮȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘįȚȐșİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚ-
įȚȫȞįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ȆȡȠıȑȟIJİIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮȝȘȡȓȟȠȣȞțȐIJȦIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȚȐȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚ-
țȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJİȪıİIJİțȩȕȠȞIJĮȢIJȠ
țĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣȞĮIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣ-
ıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȖȚĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐʌȠȣ
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƲǒǐdžNJDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjDŽNJǂdžDŽNjǂǞǍǂǕǂ
• ȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚIJȠȞțȐįȠțĮȚIJĮİıȦIJİȡȚțȐȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣ-
ȒȢȖȚĮȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐĮijȩIJȠȣȑȤİȚıȕȒıİȚȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıȠȣȞȠȚȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚ-
ijȐȞİȚİȢȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ
ȆȡȚȞțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒįȚĮțȩȥIJİIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢȕȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞ
ʌȡȓȗĮțĮȚĮijȒıIJİIJȘȞȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚ
ȂȘȝİIJĮțȚȞİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȩIJĮȞʌİȡȚȑȤİȚĮțȩȝĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
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ȂȘȞĮȞȐȕİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞįİȞʌİȡȚȑȤİȚIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȝȑıĮıIJȠțĮȜȐșȚȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠ-
țȜİȚıIJİȓIJȠİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠȞĮȑȜșȠȣȞıİİʌĮijȒIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮȝİIJȚȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȑȢĮȞIJȚ-
ıIJȐıİȚȢ
ȂȘȞijȡȐȗİIJİIJȚȢʌĮȡȠȤȑȢĮȑȡĮ
ȂȘȖİȝȓȗİIJİȝİȜȐįȚIJȠȞțȐįȠȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢʌȣȡțĮȖȚȐȢ
ǵIJĮȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȘıȣıțİȣȒȗİıIJȩȢĮȑȡĮțĮȚĮIJȝȩȢȕȖĮȓȞȠȣȞĮʌȩIJȠȞĮİȡĮȖȦ-
ȖȩȃĮțȡĮIJȐIJİIJĮȤȑȡȚĮțĮȚIJȠʌȡȩıȦʌȩıĮȢȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩIJȠȞĮİȡĮȖȦȖȩ
ǵIJĮȞȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠĮʌȩIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢİțʌȑȝʌȠȞIJĮȚȗİıIJȩȢĮIJȝȩȢ
țĮȚĮȑȡĮȢȀȡĮIJȒıIJİIJĮȤȑȡȚĮțĮȚIJȠʌȡȩıȦʌȠȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩIJȠȞțȐįȠ
ȈȕȒıIJİĮȝȑıȦȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞ ȕȖĮȓȞİȚȝĮȪȡȠȢ țĮʌȞȩȢĮʌȩIJȠȞ ĮİȡĮȖȦȖȩ
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮıIJĮȝĮIJȒıİȚȞĮȕȖĮȓȞİȚȝĮȪȡȠȢțĮ-
ʌȞȩȢĮʌȩIJȠȞĮİȡĮȖȦȖȩǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠĮʌȩIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
• ȆȡȠıȠȤȒȗİıIJȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȆȡȚȞȕȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘʌȠȣĮȞĮ-
ijȑȡİIJĮȚ ıIJȘȞ ʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ IJİȤȞȚțȫȞ ȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȫȞ IJȘȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢ ĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓ
ıIJȘȞIJȐıȘIJȠȣįȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢ
ǹȞȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓıİȝȚĮȤȫȡĮįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȒĮʌȩIJȘȤȫȡĮʌȠȣIJȘȞ
ĮȖȠȡȐıĮIJİȗȘIJȒıIJİȞĮȖȓȞİȚȑȜİȖȤȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢıȣȝȕĮIJȩIJȘIJĮȢıİȑȞĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠ-
įȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢıȑȡȕȚȢ
ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȝȚĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓ-
ȞĮȚțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȖȚĮIJȘȞȚıȤȪIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİțȚȞįȪ-
ȞȠȣȢȖȚĮIJȠȤȡȒıIJȘțĮȚȖȚĮIJȘȞĮıijȐȜİȚĮIJȠȣȤȫȡȠȣıĮȢ
ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȐȞIJĮȝȚĮȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘʌȡȓȗĮ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȑȤİIJİȕȡİȖȝȑȞĮȤȑȡȚĮȒİȓıIJİȟȣʌȩȜȘIJȠȚ
• ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚțȐʌȠȚĮĮȞȦȝĮȜȓĮȒȣʌȐȡȤİȚ
ȗȘȝȚȐȒijșȠȡȐıIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠȒIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣǵȜİȢȠȚİʌȚıțİȣȑȢțĮȚȘ
ĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐ
ĮʌȩİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮțȑȞIJȡĮIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒĮʌȩIJİȤȞȚțȠȪȢ
IJȘȢ$ULHWHȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİțȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ȂȘȞıȣȞįȑİIJİıIJȘȞȓįȚĮʌȡȓȗĮțĮȝȓĮȐȜȜȘıȣıțİȣȒȣȥȘȜȒȢȚıȤȪȠȢıȩȝʌİȢ
ıȓįİȡĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐțĮȜȠȡȚijȑȡțȜʌȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢȣʌİȡijȩȡIJȦıȘȢ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȑȡȤȠȞIJĮȚıİİʌĮijȒȝİȗİ-
ıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ȂȘȞIJȡĮȕȐIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȖȚĮȞĮIJȠȕȖȐȜİIJİĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȉȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȡȓȕİIJĮȚıİĮȚȤȝȘȡȑȢȖȦȞȚȑȢȒȐȜȜĮĮȚȤȝȘ-
ȡȐĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮ
ȂȘȝİIJĮțȚȞİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȡĮȕȫȞIJĮȢIJȘȞĮʌȩIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
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EL
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮıİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘțĮIJĮȚȖȓįĮȢ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
ȆȡȚȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮȟİIJȣȜȓȖİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ǻİȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJĮȚȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȝȑıȦİȟȦIJİȡȚțȠȪȤȡȠ-
ȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȒȐȜȜȦȞIJȘȜİȤİȚȡȚıIJȘȡȓȦȞ
ȆȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣȞĮȝȘȞİʌȘȡİȐıİIJİIJȘȞĮıijȐȜİȚĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚ-
İȓIJİʌȐȞIJĮȖȞȒıȚĮĮȞIJĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐțĮȚİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚİȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞĮĮʌȩIJȠȞ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓ
ĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıİȚțĮȚİijȩıȠȞȑȤİIJİȕȖȐȜİȚIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȂȘ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȠIJȑįȚĮȜȪIJİȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțȐȞȠȣȞȗȘȝȚȐıIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐ
ȂȘȞIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțȠȞIJȐıİİȪijȜİțIJĮȣȜȚțȐȣijȐıȝĮIJĮțȠȣȡIJȓȞİȢ
ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞijȣȜȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣ-
ıțİȣȒȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮțȡȣȫıȠȣȞIJĮȗİıIJȐȝȑȡȘ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıİĮIJȝȠıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢȕȡȠȤȒ
ȒȜȚȠțȜʌ
ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȣʌĮȓșȡȚȠȤȫȡȠ
ȂȘȞ ĮʌȠıȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖİȓIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ǻİȞ ȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞ İıȦIJİȡȚțȐ İȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ʌȠȣȤȡİȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩ
ĭȣȜȐȟIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮįȡȠıİȡȩȤȫȡȠȤȦȡȓȢȣȖȡĮıȓĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLJLjǍNJƽǓǂǑǝDžNJƽǗǐǒdžǓƽnjnjdžǓǂNJǕǀdžǓ
ȃĮĮȞȐȕİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȩȞȠȞȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚıIJȘıȦıIJȒșȑıȘ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȩIJĮȞĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİıIJİĮʌȩIJȠȤȫȡȠʌȠȣ
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ
• ǹȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮʌȠȝĮțȡȣȞșİȓIJİȑıIJȦțĮȚȖȚĮȜȓȖȘȫȡĮȞĮıȕȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
țĮȚȞĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
īȚĮIJȘıȦıIJȒįȚȐșİıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȘȞǼȣȡȦʌĮȧțȒȅįȘȖȓĮ
(ǼıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮįȚĮȕȐıİIJİIJȠİȚįȚțȩȑȞIJȣʌȠʌȠȣʌȡȠȝȘșİȪİIJĮȚ
ȝĮȗȓȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
•ƷƶƭƣưƵƧƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƣƶƵƧƴ
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ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
$ǹİȡĮȖȦȖȩȢ - ȆȡȠȖȡȐȝȝĮIJĮ
%ȆȓȞĮțĮȢȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪİʌĮijȒȢ .ǼȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮȑȡĮ
&ȈȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ / ǼȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
'ȀȐįȠȢ 0ǹʌİȚțȩȞȚıȘIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣțĮȚIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ
(ȋİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ 1ȆȜȒțIJȡĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ
)ȆȜȒțIJȡȠĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪ 2ȆȜȒțIJȡȠʌȠȣĮȞȐȕİȚțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
*ǻȡȠȝȑĮȢ 3ȆȜȒțIJȡȠİʌȚȜȠȖȒȢʌȡȠȖȡȐȝȝĮIJȠȢ
+ȀĮȜȐșȚ 4ȆȜȒțIJȡĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
, ȀĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ƴǕǐNJǘdžǀǂǂǎǂDŽǎǟǒNJǔLjǓ
ȈIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮʌȠȣȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘȑįȡĮıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚIJĮʌĮȡĮ-
țȐIJȦıIJȠȚȤİȓĮĮȞĮȖȞȫȡȚıȘȢ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢțĮȚıȒȝĮȞıȘ&(ǼȅȀ
ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠȂȠG
ĮȡıİȚȡȐȢ61
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘȢ9țĮȚıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ+]
țĮIJĮȞĮȜȚıțȩȝİȞȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȚıȤȪȢ:
ʌȡȐıȚȞȠIJȘȜȑijȦȞȠįȦȡİȐȞțȜȒıȘIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘ
ǵIJĮȞĮʌİȣșȪȞİıIJİıIJĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮȀȑȞIJȡĮȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȞĮĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠȝȠȞIJȑȜȠ
țĮȚIJȠȞĮȡȚșȝȩıİȚȡȐȢIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢ
ƲƳƫƯƣƲƱƵƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİȝȚĮİʌȓʌİįȘİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩȞİȡȩȆȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚ-
ȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțĮȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
- ȄİIJȣȜȓȟIJİIJİȜİȓȦȢIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣșijȑIJșijȡȤșȝıȜijȢțȜȡȫİțȜijȫȡȤįȟijțIJijȡțȥıȔȞıijșȟijȑIJșʍȡȤįȟįȗȢȑĴıijįț
IJijșȟʍțȟįȜȔİįijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞİțĮIJȠıIJȐȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩIJȠȓȤȠȣȢȑʌȚʌȜĮȒȐȜȜİȢıȣ-
ıțİȣȑȢ
ȆȡȠIJȠȪȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮʌȡȫIJȘijȠȡȐʌȜȪȞIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠ'țĮȚIJȠțĮȜȐșȚ+
ȆȚȐıIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ(țĮȚĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠȝĮȗȓȝİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚĮʌȩIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
&ǼȚț
ȂİIJĮțȚȞȒıIJİIJȠįȡȠȝȑĮ*ʌȡȠȢIJȠțĮȜȐșȚǼȚț
- ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪ)țĮȚIJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚ
ĮʌȩIJȠȞțȐįȠĮȞĮıȘțȫȞȠȞIJȐȢIJȠʌȡȠȢIJĮʌȐȞȦǼȚț
ȅțȐįȠȢțĮȚIJȠțĮȜȐșȚȝʌȠȡȠȪȞȞĮʌȜȣșȠȪȞıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞǼȞĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚ-
ȒıIJİȑȞĮțȠȚȞȩĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȩʌȚȐIJȦȞțĮȚȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚȤȦȡȓȢIJȡĮȤȚȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ǻȚĮȕȐıIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ³ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ´
82
EL
ƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƸƳƩƴƩƴ
ǺȐȜIJİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮıIJȠțĮȜȐșȚȂȘȞȣʌİȡȕİȓIJİIJȘıIJȐșȝȘʌȠȣįİȓȤȞİȚIJȠıȘȝȐįȚ0$;ȝȑȖȚıIJȠ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚQȝȑıĮıIJȠȞțȐįȠĬĮțĮIJĮȜȐȕİIJİȩIJȚȑȤİȚțȠȣȝʌȫıİȚĮʌȩIJȠȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚ-
ıIJȚțȩ³țȜȚț´ǼȚț
ȂİIJĮIJȠʌȓıIJİIJȠįȡȠȝȑĮ*ʌȡȠȢIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠıIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ǿIJȤIJȜıȤȓİıȟijȔȚıijįțIJıȝıțijȡȤȢȗȔįįȟİıȟıȔȟįțIJȧIJijȑijȡʍȡȚıijșȞȒȟȡȣȡȜȑİȡȣ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ1țĮȚİʌȚȜȑȟIJİIJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮ-
IJȠȢ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮĮʌȩ&ȝȑȤȡȚ&ȝİįȚĮıIJȒȝĮIJĮ&
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ4țĮȚȡȣșȝȓıIJİIJȠȞȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȠȤȡȩȞȠĮʌȩȜİʌIJȩȝȑȤȡȚȜİʌIJȐȝİįȚĮıIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȠȣİȞȩȢȜİʌIJȠȪ
īȚĮȞĮĮȣȟȒıİIJİIJȘȞIJĮȤȪIJȘIJĮİʌȚȜȠȖȒȢțȡĮIJȒıIJİʌĮIJȘȝȑȞĮIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣțĮȚ
IJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ
ǼȞĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠİʌȚȜȠȖȒȢʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝȐIJȦȞ3ǼʌȚȜȑȟIJİIJȠʌȡȩȖȡĮȝȝĮȝĮȖİȚ-
ȡȑȝĮIJȠȢʌȠȣĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓıIJȠĮʌİȚțȠȞȚȗȩȝİȞȠIJȡȩijȚȝȠȖȚĮʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡİȢʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢıȤİIJȚțȐ
ȝİIJĮʌȡȠȖȡȐȝȝĮIJĮįȚĮȕȐıIJİIJȚȢ³ȈȣȝȕȠȣȜȑȢȖȚĮIJȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮ´
īȚĮȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚIJȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȠȣĮȞȐȕİȚțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ2
ǹȞȐȕİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮȑȡĮ.ȖȚĮȞĮİʌȚıȘȝȐȞİȚʌȦȢIJȑșȘțİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȠıȪıIJȘȝĮ
ĮİȡȚıȝȠȪ
ǹȞȐȕİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ/
-
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮȝĮȖİȚȡİȪİȚIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ȀĮIJȐIJȘȞįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȡĮIJȘȡȒıİIJİʌȦȢĮȞȐȕİȚțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚʌİȡȚȠįȚțȐIJȠ
İȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ/ǹȣIJȩįİȓȤȞİȚIJȚȢİʌİȝȕȐıİȚȢIJȠȣșİȡȝȠıIJȐIJȘʌȠȣįȚĮIJȘȡİȓIJȘ
ıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢȈIJȘȞȠșȩȞȘİȝijĮȞȓȗȠȞIJĮȚİȞĮȜȜȐȟȠȤȡȩȞȠȢʌȠȣȝİȚȫȞİIJĮȚțĮȚȘ
İʌȚȜİȖȝȑȞȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮīȚĮȞĮIJȡȠʌȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȠȤȡȩȞȠțĮȚIJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮțĮIJȐIJȘȞįȚȐȡțİȚĮ
IJȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢ
ǾijȡȚIJȑȗĮĮȑȡȠȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓȖȚĮȝȚĮȝİȖȐȜȘʌȠȚțȚȜȓĮIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞȈȣȝȕȠȣȜİȣșİȓIJİIJȠ
İȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠıȣȞIJĮȖȫȞ
ȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠșİȡȝȐȞİIJİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮȖȚĮȜİʌIJȐʌȡȠIJȠȪȡȣșȝȓıİIJİIJȠȤȡȩȞȠȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȒ
ȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮʌȡȠıșȑıİIJİțĮIJİȣșİȓĮȞIJȠȤȡȩȞȠʌȡȠșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢıIJȠȤȡȩȞȠȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
ȃșȗıȞȔȘıijıȞıȝȑİțijȡȟȜȑİȡ
ȃșĴȡȢijȬȟıijıijȡȜįȝȑȚțȞıȤʍıȢȖȡȝțȜȓʍȡIJȪijșijįijȢȡĴȔȞȧȟȊșȢȓIJijıijșȞȒȗțIJijșıʍțijȢı-
ʍijȓIJijȑȚȞșʍȡȤIJșȞıțȬȟıijįțIJijșIJȤIJȜıȤȓ
ǶijįȟȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțıȔijıȗțįʍȢȬijșĴȡȢȑijșȟIJȤIJȜıȤȓȞʍȡȢıȔȟįʍįȢȡȤIJțȑIJıțȜȑʍȡțįıȝį-
ĴȢțȑȡIJȞȓȓȝȔȗȡȜįʍȟȪȞșȟįȟșIJȤȥıȔijıʍȢȪȜıțijįțȗțįȒȟįȜįȟȡȟțȜȪĴįțȟȪȞıȟȡȗțįijȔȞı-
ȢțȜȑıȠįȢijȓȞįijįȒȥȡȤȟȝȔȗȡȝȑİțĭįıȠįĴįȟțIJȚıȔIJıIJȫȟijȡȞȡȥȢȡȟțȜȪİțȑIJijșȞįǼıȟȒȥıț
ȜįȞȔįıʍȔİȢįIJșIJijșȝıțijȡȤȢȗȔįijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮıIJĮȝĮIJȒıİIJİʌȡȠıȦȡȚȞȐIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢțĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣȥȘıȓȝĮ-
IJȠȢȖȚĮȞĮĮȞĮțĮIJȑȥİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐȒȖȚĮȐȜȜȠȜȩȖȠ
ȆȚȐıIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒțĮȚĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠIJȡĮȕȫȞIJĮȢIJȠȞʌȡȠȢIJĮȑȟȦǾıȣıțİȣȒıIJĮȝĮIJȐİȚ
ȞĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓ
ȉĮȡĮțȠȣȞȒıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠȖȚĮȞĮȥȒıİIJİȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
īȚĮȞĮȟĮȞĮșȑıİIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠıIJȘȞȑįȡĮIJȠȣ
83
EL
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠIJȠțĮȜȐșȚțĮȚIJĮȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȂȘȞʌĮIJȐIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪȩIJĮȞIJĮȡĮțȠȣ-
ȞȐIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞǵIJĮȞȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠĮʌȩIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢİțʌȑȝʌȠȞIJĮȚ
ȗİıIJȩȢĮIJȝȩȢțĮȚĮȑȡĮȢȀȡĮIJȒıIJİIJĮȤȑȡȚĮțĮȚIJȠʌȡȩıȦʌȠȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩIJȠȞțȐįȠ
ȈIJȠIJȑȜȠȢIJȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȘıȣıțİȣȒİțʌȑȝʌİȚȑȞĮȞȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȩȒȤȠȝʌȚʌțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚǹȞ
įİȞİȓȞĮȚȑIJȠȚȝȠIJȠijĮȖȘIJȩȟĮȞĮȕȐȜIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚȡȣșȝȓıIJİIJȠȞȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȖȚĮ
ȝİȡȚțȐȜİʌIJȐ
īȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤİȚȡȠțȓȞȘIJĮʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȠȣĮȞȐȕİȚțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
2ȈȕȒȞİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȉȠıȪıIJȘȝĮĮİȡȚıȝȠȪıIJĮȝĮIJȐİȚȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐĮȡ-
ȖȩIJİȡĮ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠ
ȂİIJĮțȚȞȒıIJİIJȠįȡȠȝȑĮ*ʌȡȠȢIJȠțĮȜȐșȚǼȚț
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪ)țĮȚIJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚ
ĮʌȩIJȠȞțȐįȠĮȞĮıȘțȫȞȠȞIJȐȢIJȠʌȡȠȢIJĮʌȐȞȦǼȚț
ǹįİȚȐıIJİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮıİȑȞĮʌȚȐIJȠȈİȡȕȓȡİIJİIJȠijĮȖȘIJȩ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚIJȠȞțȐįȠțĮȚIJĮİıȦIJİȡȚțȐȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘ
IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȖȚĮȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐĮijȩIJȠȣȑȤİȚıȕȒıİȚȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮțȡȣȫıȠȣȞȠȚȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚ-
ijȐȞİȚİȢ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȣȜȚțȐʌȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȥĮIJİȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȑȤȠȣȞȤȡȣıĮijȑȞȚȠțĮȚȩȤȚțĮijȑȒ
ȝĮȪȡȠȤȡȫȝĮǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮʌȩIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮIJĮIJȣȤȩȞțĮȝȑȞĮțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮ
ĬțįȟįįĴįțȢȒIJıijıįʍȪijȡȜįȝȑȚțijįȞıȗȑȝįȓıȫȚȢįȤIJijįijȢȪĴțȞįȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțȓIJijıȝįȖȔİıȣ
ijȢȡĴȔȞȧȟ
ǿıȟİıȥȪȞıȟșȤʍıȢȖȡȝțȜȓİȪIJșȝįİțȡȫIJȤȝȝȒȗıijįțIJijȡȟʍȤȚȞȒȟįijȡȤȜȑİȡȤ
ǶijįȟȡȝȡȜȝșȢȧȚıȔȒȟįȞįȗıȔȢıȞįșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȞʍȡȢıȔȟįȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțșȚıȔįȞȒIJȧȣȗțįȟį
ȞįȗıțȢȒȦıijıȜȑijțȑȝȝȡ
ƴǖǍǃǐǖnjƾǓDŽNJǂǕǐǍǂDŽdžǀǒdžǍǂ
ǹȞșȑȜİIJİȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȝĮʌȡȠșİȡȝȐȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȦȡȓȢIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢ1țĮȚİʌȚȜȑȟIJİIJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮ-
IJȠȢ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ4țĮȚȡȣșȝȓıIJİIJȠȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘıİ
ʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡĮĮʌȩIJȡȓĮȜİʌIJȐ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȠȣĮȞȐȕİȚțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ2
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓ
ȉĮȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮȣȜȚțȐȤȡİȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚȜȚȖȩIJİȡȠȤȡȩȞȠȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢıİıȤȑıȘȝİIJĮȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡĮ
ȂİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞĮʌĮȚIJİȓȜȓȖȠȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠȤȡȩȞȠȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢİȞȫȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘ
ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞIJȘȖĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚıİȜȓȖȠıȣȞIJȠȝȩIJİȡȠȤȡȩȞȠ
ǹȞĮțĮIJİȪȠȞIJĮȢIJĮȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮȣȜȚțȐıIJȠȝȚıȩȤȡȩȞȠȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢȕİȜIJȚıIJȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚIJȠIJİȜȚțȩĮʌȠIJȑ-
ȜİıȝĮțĮȚįȚİȣțȠȜȪȞİIJĮȚIJȠȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijȠȥȒıȚȝȠ
īȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİIJȡĮȖĮȞȑȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȡȠıșȑıIJİȝȚĮțȠȣIJĮȜȚȐȜȐįȚıIJȚȢijȡȑıțİȢȒıIJȚȢțĮIJİȥȣȖ-
84
EL
ȝȑȞİȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢ
ȉĮıȞĮțʌȠȣıȣȞȒșȦȢȥȒȞȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠijȠȪȡȞȠȝʌȠȡȠȪȞȞĮȥȘșȠȪȞțĮȚıIJȘijȡȚIJȑȗĮĮȑȡȠȢ
ǾȕȑȜIJȚıIJȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȖȚĮȞĮIJȘȖĮȞȓıİIJİIJȡĮȖĮȞȑȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢİȓȞĮȚʌİȡȓʌȠȣȖȡĮȝȝȐȡȚĮ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȑIJȠȚȝĮȗȣȝȐȡȚĮȖȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİȖȡȒȖȠȡĮțĮȚİȪțȠȜĮȖİȝȚıIJȐıȞĮțǼʌȚʌȜȑȠȞIJĮ
ȑIJȠȚȝĮȗȣȝȐȡȚĮȝĮȖİȚȡİȪȠȞIJĮȚʌȚȠİȪțȠȜĮĮʌȩIJĮȗȣȝȐȡȚĮʌȠȣijIJȚȐȤȞȠȞIJĮȚıIJȠıʌȓIJȚ
ƲǒǐǒǖljǍNJǔǍƾǎǂǑǒǐDŽǒƽǍǍǂǕǂ
ȈIJȠȞʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦʌȓȞĮțĮĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚIJĮʌȡȠȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞĮʌȡȠȖȡȐȝȝĮIJĮʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞıIJȠȞʌȓ-
ȞĮțĮȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪ
ĬİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ& ȋȡȩȞȠȢPLQ
ʌĮIJȐIJİȢ IJȘȖĮȞȚIJȑȢ
țĮIJİȥȣȖȝȑȞİȢ
ʌĮIJȐIJİȢ IJȘȖĮȞȚIJȑȢ
ijȡȑıțİȢ
ȠıIJȡĮțȠİȚįȒ
ȖȜȣțȐ
țȠIJȩʌȠȣȜȠ
țȩțțȚȞȠțȡȑĮȢ
ȥȐȡȚ
ȀȐșİıȪȝȕȠȜȠ ĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓ ıİȑȞĮ ʌȡȩȖȡĮȝȝĮ ȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȉȠʌȡȩȖȡĮȝȝĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȠ
ȝİIJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮțĮȚIJȠȤȡȩȞȠȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢʌȠȣıȣȞȚıIJȫȞIJĮȚȖȚĮIJȠıȣȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞȠIJȪʌȠIJȡȠ-
ijȓȝȠȣȅȤȡȩȞȠȢȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢİȓȞĮȚİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȢțĮȚİȟĮȡIJȐIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠʌȐȤȠȢțĮȚIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȦȞ
IJȡȠijȓȝȦȞʌȠȣȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪȞIJĮȚȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮIJȡȠʌȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȠȤȡȩȞȠțĮȚIJȘȞșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮțĮȚ
ıIJĮʌȡȠȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞĮʌȡȠȖȡȐȝȝĮIJĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
ȆĮIJȐIJİȢIJȘȖĮȞȚIJȑȢțĮIJİȥȣȖȝȑȞİȢ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȆĮIJȐIJİȢIJȘȖĮȞȚIJȑȢijȡȑıțİȢ ȆȡȫIJȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮȜİʌIJȐ
ǻİȪIJİȡȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮȜİʌIJȐ
ȁĮȤĮȞȚțȐIJȘȖĮȞȚIJȐ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȆĮIJȐIJİȢțȠȝȝȑȞİȢıIJĮIJȑııİȡĮ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȀȡȠțȑIJİȢ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȀȡȠțȑIJİȢțȠIJȩʌȠȣȜȠȣ ȜİʌIJȐ
85
EL
ȂʌȠȪIJȚĮțȠIJȩʌȠȣȜȠȣ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȂʌȚijIJȑțȚ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȀİijIJİįȐțȚĮ ȜİʌIJȐ
ȀĮȡĮȕȓįİȢ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȀȑȚț ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȆȓIJĮțȚȢ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȌȐȡȚ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȀȠIJȠȜȑIJĮȤȠȚȡȚȞȒ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ȈʌȡȚȞȖțȡȠȜȢ ±ȜİʌIJȐ
ƭdžNJǕǐǖǒDŽǀǂǂǖǕǝǍǂǕǐǖǔǃLjǔǀǍǂǕǐǓ
ǹȣIJȒȘ ıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚ İijȠįȚĮıȝȑȞȘ ȝİȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ ǵIJĮȞȠ ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȢ ijIJȐıİȚıIJȠȣȢ
³´ȘıȣıțİȣȒİțʌȑȝʌİȚȑȞĮȞȒȤȠțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮīȚĮȞĮıȕȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤİȚȡȠțȓȞȘIJĮ
ʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȠȣĮȞȐȕİȚțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ2ȈȕȒȞİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȝĮȖİȚ-
ȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȉȠıȪıIJȘȝĮĮİȡȚıȝȠȪıIJĮȝĮIJȐİȚȜȓȖĮȜİʌIJȐĮȡȖȩIJİȡĮ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒıȕȒȞİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮĮȞĮijĮȚȡȑıİIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠțĮIJȐIJȘȞįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƬƣƫƴƶƯƵƩƳƩƴƩ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȆȡȚȞʌȡȠȕİȓIJİ ıIJȠȞ țĮșĮȡȚıȝȩ IJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ ȞĮ ȕȖȐȗİIJİ ʌȐȞIJĮIJȠ ijȚȢ Įʌȩ IJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİʌȑȝȕĮıȘʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜİȓIJĮȚĮijȠȪțȡȣȫıİȚȘıȣıțİȣȒ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȀȐșİIJȩıȠȞĮİȜȑȖȤİIJİIJȘȞțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣțĮȚĮȞįȚĮʌȚıIJȫıİIJİțȐ-
ʌȠȚĮijșȠȡȐȞĮĮʌİȣșȣȞșİȓIJİıİȑȞĮțȑȞIJȡȠIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢıȑȡȕȚȢȖȚĮIJȘȞĮȞIJȚțĮ-
IJȐıIJĮıȘ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮȚȤȝȘȡȐİȡȖĮȜİȓĮțĮȚıijȠȣȖȖȐȡȚĮȝİIJȡĮȤȚȐİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮȖȚĮȞĮțĮșĮȡȓ-
ıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕLjǓǔǖǔNjdžǖƿǓ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJĮʌȜĮıIJȚțȐȝȑȡȘȝİȑȞĮțĮșĮȡȩțĮȚĮʌĮȜȩʌĮȞȓțĮȚıțȠȣʌȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮıIJİȖȞȩʌĮȞȓ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩȝȑȡȠȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓȝȠȣıțİȝȑȞȠȝİȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩ
ȈțȠȣʌȓıIJİIJȚȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞĮʌȩIJȚȢĮȞIJȚıIJȐıİȚȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮıIJİȖȞȩʌĮȞȓ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕǚǎdžǏǂǒǕLjǍƽǕǚǎ
ȅțȐįȠȢțĮȚIJȠțĮȜȐșȚȝʌȠȡȠȪȞȞĮʌȜȣșȠȪȞıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞǼȞĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚ-
ȒıIJİȑȞĮțȠȚȞȩĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȩʌȚȐIJȦȞțĮȚȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚȤȦȡȓȢIJȡĮȤȚȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ȆȚȐıIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒțĮȚĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠȝĮȗȓȝİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚĮʌȩIJȠıȫȝĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
- ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠĮʌİȜİȣșȑȡȦıȘȢIJȠȣțĮȜĮșȚȠȪ)țĮȚIJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚ
ĮʌȩIJȠȞțȐįȠĮȞĮıȘțȫȞȠȞIJȐȢIJȠʌȡȠȢIJĮʌȐȞȦǼȚț
86
EL
īȚĮȞĮȝĮȜĮțȫıȠȣȞIJĮțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮIJȡȠijȓȝȦȞıIJȠțĮȜȐșȚȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȠȞțȐįȠȝİȗİıIJȩ
ȞİȡȩȆȡȠıșȑıIJİȝİȡȚțȑȢıIJĮȖȩȞİȢĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȠȪȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠțĮȜȐșȚțĮȚĮijȒıIJİIJȠȖȚĮ
ȜİʌIJȐʌİȡȓʌȠȣȆȜȪȞİIJİțĮȚıțȠȣʌȓıIJİ
ȆȜȑİȡȣȜįțijȡȜįȝȑȚțıȔȟįțįʍȪįȟijțȜȡȝȝșijțȜȪȤȝțȜȪșȚįȞʍȑİįȜįțijįIJșȞȑİțįʍȡȤȞʍȡ-
ȢıȔȟįıȞĴįȟțIJijȡȫȟȞıijȑįʍȪʍįȢįijıijįȞȒȟșȥȢȓIJșıȔȟįțȜįȟȡȟțȜȑȜįțİıȟıʍșȢıȑȘȡȤȟijȡ
ȞįȗıȔȢıȞįȜįțijșȗıȫIJșijȧȟijȢȡĴȔȞȧȟ
ƲƺƴƯƣƣƲƱƬƣƵƣƴƵƩƴƧƵƧƵƫƴƲƣƳƣƬƣƵƺƣƯƺƮƣƭƫƧƴ
ȆȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ȆȚșĮȞȑȢĮȚIJȓİȢ ǻȚȠȡșȦIJȚțȑȢİʌİȝȕȐıİȚȢ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓ ǻİȞȑȤİIJİȕȐȜİȚIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞ
ʌȡȓȗĮ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒ
ʌȡȓȗĮʌȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚ
ȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘ
ǻİȞİȓȞĮȚȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȠȢȠ
ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȢ ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮİȜȑȖȤȠȣ
IJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
țĮȚțĮșȠȡȓıIJİIJȠȞİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȩ
ȤȡȩȞȠīȚĮȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚIJȠȝĮ-
ȖİȓȡİȝĮʌĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠ
ʌȠȣĮȞȐȕİȚțĮȚıȕȒȞİȚIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒ
ȅțȐįȠȢįİȞİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠȢ ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıȦıIJȐIJȠȞțȐįȠ
ıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐįİȞȥȒșȘțĮȞıȦıIJȐ ǼȓȞĮȚȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ
ȣȜȚțȫȞȝȑıĮıIJȠȞțȐįȠ ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȜȚȖȩIJİȡĮ
ȣȜȚțȐıIJȠțĮȜȐșȚȂȚțȡȩIJİȡȘ
ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȘȖĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚʌȚȠ
ȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮ
ǾȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮ
İȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪȤĮȝȘȜȒ ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮİȜȑȖȤȠȣ
IJȘȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮ-
IJȠȢțĮȚțĮșȠȡȓıIJİIJȘȞİʌȚșȣ-
ȝȘIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮǻȚĮȕȐıIJİ
IJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠıȣȞIJĮȖȫȞ
ȅȡȣșȝȚıȝȑȞȠȢȤȡȩȞȠȢȖȚĮIJȠ
ȥȒıȚȝȠİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪȤĮȝȘȜȩȢ ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮİȜȑȖȤȠȣ
IJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
țĮȚțĮșȠȡȓıIJİIJȠȞİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȩ
ȤȡȩȞȠǻȚĮȕȐıIJİIJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ
ıȣȞIJĮȖȫȞ
ȉĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮįİȞȥȒȞȠȞIJĮȚ
ȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮ ȀȐʌȠȚĮȣȜȚțȐȤȡİȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚ
ĮȞĮțȐIJİȝĮĮȡțİIJȑȢijȠȡȑȢ
țĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣȥȘıȓ-
ȝĮIJȠȢ
ȆȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȞĮțĮIJİȪİIJİțĮIJȐ
IJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣȥȘıȓȝĮIJȠȢ
IJĮȣȜȚțȐʌȠȪİȓȞĮȚʌȐȞȦȒ
ıțİʌĮıȝȑȞĮĮʌȩȐȜȜĮȣȜȚțȐ
ʌĮIJȐIJİȢ
ȉĮIJȘȖĮȞȚıȝȑȞĮıȞĮțįİȞ
İȓȞĮȚIJȡĮȖĮȞȐ ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİıȞĮțʌȠȣ
ȝĮȖİȚȡİȪȠȞIJĮȚȝİʌĮȡĮįȠıȚĮ-
țȠȪȢIJȡȩʌȠȣȢ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİıȞĮț
ijȠȪȡȞȠȣȒĮȜİȓȥIJİIJĮȝİȜȐįȚ
ʌȡȠIJȠȪIJĮȕȐȜİIJİıIJȠțĮȜȐșȚ
87
EL
ȆȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ȆȚșĮȞȑȢĮȚIJȓİȢ ǻȚȠȡșȦIJȚțȑȢİʌİȝȕȐıİȚȢ
ȅțȐįȠȢįİȞİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠȢ ǼȓȞĮȚȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮ
ȣȜȚțȫȞȝȑıĮıIJȠȞțȐįȠ ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȜȚȖȩIJİȡĮ
ȣȜȚțȐıIJȠțĮȜȐșȚȂȚțȡȩIJİȡȘ
ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮIJȘȖĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚʌȚȠ
ȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮ
ȉȠțĮȜȐșȚįİȞİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠȝȑıĮıIJȠȞ
țȐįȠ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıȦıIJȐIJȠțĮȜȐ-
șȚȝȑıĮıIJȠȞțȐįȠ
DZıʌȡȠȢțĮʌȞȩȢȕȖĮȓȞİȚĮʌȩ
IJȘıȣıțİȣȒ DzȤİIJİȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȣȜȚțȐ
ȝİʌȠȜȜȐȜȚʌĮȡȐ ǵIJĮȞIJȘȖĮȞȓȗİIJİȣȜȚțȐȝİ
ʌȠȜȜȐȜȚʌĮȡȐțĮIJĮțȐșİIJĮȚ
ʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠȜȐįȚıIJȠȞțȐįȠ
ȉȠȜȐįȚʌĮȡȐȖİȚʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠ
ȐıʌȡȠțĮʌȞȩĮʌȩIJȠıȣȞȘșȚ-
ıȝȑȞȠțĮIJȐIJȘȞįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȠȣ
ȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢǹȣIJȩįİȞȑȤİȚ
țĮȝȓĮİʌȓʌIJȦıȘıIJȠȝĮȖİȓȡİ-
ȝĮțĮȚıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȈIJȠȞțȐįȠȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚ-
ʌĮȜȓʌȠȣȢĮʌȩʌȡȠȘȖȠȪȝİȞĮ
IJȘȖĮȞȓıȝĮIJĮ
ȅȐıʌȡȠȢțĮʌȞȩȢįȘȝȚȠȣȡ-
ȖİȓIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȘșȑȡȝĮȞıȘIJȠȣ
ȜĮįȚȠȪȒIJȠȣȜȓʌȠȣȢʌȠȣ
ȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȠȞțȐįȠȀĮșĮ-
ȡȓıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠȞțȐįȠȝİIJȐIJȘ
ȤȡȒıȘ
ȅȚijȡȑıțİȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚ
țȠȝȝȑȞİȢıİȜȦȡȓįİȢįİȞ
ȑȤȠȣȞIJȘȖĮȞȚıșİȓȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡ-
ijĮ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȠȣ
įİȞİȓȞĮȚțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜİȢȖȚĮ
ȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİijȡȑıțİȢʌĮ-
IJȐIJİȢțĮȚȖȣȡȓıIJİIJȚȢțĮșȫȢ
IJȘȖĮȞȓȗȠȞIJĮȚ
ȄİʌȜȪȞIJİțĮȚıțȠȣʌȓıIJİIJȚȢ
ʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȡȠIJȠȪIJȚȢIJȘȖĮȞȓ-
ıİIJİ
ȄİʌȜȪȞIJİIJȚȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢțĮȚ
ĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİȩȜȠIJȠȐȝȣȜȠʌȠȣ
ȑȤİȚİʌȚțĮșȒıİȚıIJȘȞİʌȚijȐ-
ȞİȚȐIJȠȣȢ
ȅȚijȡȑıțİȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚ
țȠȝȝȑȞİȢıİȜȦȡȓįİȢįİȞİȓȞĮȚ
IJȡĮȖĮȞȑȢȝȩȜȚȢȕȖĮȓȞȠȣȞĮʌȩ
IJȘijȡȚIJȑȗĮ
ȉȠʌȩıȠIJȡĮȖĮȞȑȢșĮİȓȞĮȚȠȚ
IJȘȖĮȞȚIJȑȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢİȟĮȡIJȐIJĮȚ
ĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪ
ʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮȚĮʌȩIJȘȞ
ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȜĮįȚȠȪʌȠȣȑȤİIJİ
ȕȐȜİȚıIJȘijȡȚIJȑȗĮ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚIJİȜİȓ-
ȦȢıIJİȖȞȑȢȠȚʌĮIJȐIJİȢʌȡȚȞ
ʌȡȠıșȑıİIJİȜȐįȚ
țĮȚțȩȥIJİIJȚȢʌĮIJȐIJİȢıİ
ȝȚțȡȑȢȜȦȡȓįİȢȖȚĮȞĮȖȓȞȠȣȞ
IJȡĮȖĮȞȑȢ
ȆȡȠıșȑıIJİȜȓȖȠʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ
ȜȐįȚȖȚĮȞĮȖȓȞȠȣȞʌȚȠIJȡĮȖĮ-
ȞȑȢ
88
EL
ǿǼDzdzǾǴǮǻǶdzDzǮǻǻǼǷǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶǶ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɛɵɥɨɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨɜɩɨɥɧɨɦɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɹɦɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɧɨɪɦɢɜɫɟɟɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɡɚɳɢɬɨɣɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢɦɟɪɚɦɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɢɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɜɦɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬ-
ɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟȿɫɥɢɜɵɪɟɲɢɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɪɭɤɢɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɷɬɭɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
Ɇɟɪɵɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸɨɠɨɝɨɜ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ɍɝɪɨɡɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɚɹɢɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ǻǮǵǻǮȅdzǻǶdzȁǿȀǾǼǷǿȀǰǮ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟ-
ɧɢɹɠɢɞɤɢɯɛɥɸɞȿɫɥɢɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢɜɵɦɨɠɟɬɟɷɬɨɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɧɨɩɪɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɢɟɟɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɩɟɪɟɞ
ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɧɨɜɨɣɩɨɪɰɢɢȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟɟɜɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɟɢɡɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɱɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɫɬɚɬɶɜɫɜɨɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɜɨɡ-
ɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɫɱɢɫɬɤɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɢɥɢɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɟɝɨɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹȼɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɦɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɨɧɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬ
ɫɟɛɹɨɬɤɚɤɨɣɥɢɛɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɧɟɧɟɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹȼɧɟɫɟɧɢɟɥɸɛɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɜɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɥɟɱɟɬ
ɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɨɬɦɟɧɭɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
ǼǿȀǮȀǼȅǻȉdzǾǶǿǸǶ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
Ɇɟɪɵɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸɨɠɨɝɨɜɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɟɦ-
ɤɨɫɬɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɟɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɱɚɫɬɹɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸ-
ɱɟɧɢɹɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɨɬɫɬɵɧɭɬɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǼǿǼǯǹȌDzdzǻǶǶǺdzǾǯdzǵǼǽǮǿǻǼǿȀǶ
ɊɀɋɀȿɊɀɋȽɖɇɃɌɊɉɆɗɂɉȽȻɈɃɀɇɊɋɃȼɉɋȻɈɀɉȼɐɉȿɃɇɉȽɈɃɇȻ-
ɍɀɆɗɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɍɗɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɎəɃɈɌɍɋɎɅɑɃə
ɗɬɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɢɥɢ
ɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɫɧɢɦɢɤɚɤɬɨ
89
RU
ɜɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɜɨɮɢɫɨɜɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɨɬ-
ɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ
ɧɚɮɟɪɦɚɯ
-
ɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɦɨɬɟɥɟɣɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣɠɢɥɨɝɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɜɦɟɫɬɚɯɬɢɩɚɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɜɰɟɥɹɯɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɦɪɭ-
ɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɬɤɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɟɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɣɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɩɪɢɟɝɨɨɬɫɵɥɤɟɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪ-
ɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɨɜɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɢɥɢɧɟ
ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹɭɞɚɪɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɨɤɚɢɥɢɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹɜɪɟɞɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (& ʋ ɨɬ
ɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɫɩɢɳɟɜɵɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȒșȭȒȓȠȓȗ
Ɋɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɟ ɥɟɬɢ
ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɛɟɡɨɩɵɬɚɢɥɢɭɦɟɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɨɦɢɥɢɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɣɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɨɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɯɨɩɚɫɧɨ-
ɫɬɹɯ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɞɟɬɹɦɢɝɪɚɬɶɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɵ ɞɟɬɹɦɧɟ
ɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ
Ⱦɟɪɠɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɦɟɫɬɟɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬ
Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɱɬɨɛɵɞɟɬɹɦɛɵɥɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɧɚɝɪɟ-
ɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɞɟɬɢɧɟɦɨɝɥɢɩɨɬɹɧɭɬɶɡɚɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɫɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɫɪɨɤɚɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɹɯɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɬɢ-
ɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɫɞɟɥɚɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɩɪɢ-
ɝɨɞɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶ-
ɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɝɪɭɲɤɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
90
RU
ǺȓȞȩȏȓȕȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȖȝȜȝȞȓȒȜȠȐȞȎȧȓțȖȬȜȔȜȑȜȐ
• ɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɤɨɪɡɢɧɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɱɚɫɬɹɦ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɨɬɫɬɵɧɭɬɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟ
ɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ
Ʉɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɧɭɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬ-
ɤɢɢɞɚɬɶɟɦɭɨɫɬɵɧɭɬɶɩɟɪɟɞɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɤɚɜɧɟɦɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɩɢɳɚ
ɇɟɜɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɤɚɜɧɟɦɧɟɬɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɫɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɬɶ ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɜɧɭɬɪɶɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɧɟɡɚɫɨɪɹɥɢɫɶɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɇɟɧɚɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɦɚɫɥɨɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɡɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶɜɵɛɪɨɫɵɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɢɩɚɪɚɋɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶɧɟɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɬɶ
ɥɢɰɨɢɪɭɤɢɤɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɦɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ȼɦɨɦɟɧɬɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɜɵɛɪɨɫɵɝɨ-
ɪɹɱɟɝɨɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɢɩɚɪɚɋɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶɧɟɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɬɶɥɢɰɨɢɪɭɤɢɤɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɡɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣɞɥɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɱɟɪɧɨɝɨɞɵɦɚɧɟ-
ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɈɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɞɵɦɧɟɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɢɡɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɟɦ-
ɤɨɫɬɶɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
• ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɝɪɟɬɚɹɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɥɢ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸɫɟɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɜɫɬɪɚɧɟɟɝɨɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɟɝɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɜ
ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɰɟɧɬɪɟɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɹɟɝɨɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɞɨɥɠɧɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨ-
ɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɟ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɪɨɡɟɬɤɟɫɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɟɫɥɢɭȼɚɫɦɨɤɪɵɟɪɭɤɢɢɥɢɛɨɫɵɟ
ɧɨɝɢ
• Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɫɥɢɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɢɥɤɚɢɥɢ
ɫɚɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɅɸɛɵɟɜɢɞɵ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɡɚɦɟɧɭ
ɲɧɭɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯ ɰɟɧ-
91
RU
ɬɪɚɯȺɪɢɷɬɟɢɥɢɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ$ULHWHɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɤɚ-
ɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɪɢɫɤɨɜ
ɇɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɤɬɨɣɠɟɪɨɡɟɬɤɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɞɪɭɝɨɣɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɱɢ ɭɬɸɝɢ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɬɞ Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟ-
ɝɪɭɡɤɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɧɚɝɪɟ-
ɬɵɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ȼɵɧɢɦɚɹɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɧɟɬɹɧɭɬɶɡɚɩɪɨɜɨɞ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɨɫɬɪɵɦɢɢɪɟɠɭ-
ɳɢɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɉɪɢɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɬɹɧɭɬɶɟɝɨɡɚɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɝɪɨɡɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪ-
țȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɚɬɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɷɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɨɲɧɭɪ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɱɟɪɟɡɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟɬɚɣ-
ɦɟɪɵɢɥɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɫɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɡɚɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɢɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɵɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɩɪɨ-
ɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
ɑɢɫɬɤɚɭɬɸɝɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɢɫɥɟɝɤɚɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸɢɬɨɥɶ-
ɤɨɩɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɜɵɜɵɬɚɳɢɥɢɜɢɥɤɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɡ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɢɜɫɟɱɚɫɬɢɭɬɸɝɚɨɫɬɵɥɢɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɥɸɛɵɟɪɚɫɬɜɨ-
ɪɢɬɟɥɢɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɱɚɫɬɢ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɥɟɝɤɨɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹɦɚɬɟ-
ɪɢɚɥɨɜɬɤɚɧɟɣɩɨɪɬɶɟɪ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɭɛɪɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɧɭɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȾɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹɩɨɤɚ
ɨɫɬɵɧɭɬɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
ɞɨɠɞɶɫɨɥɧɰɟɢɬɞ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
ɇɟɥɶɡɹɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɦɨɝɭɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ-
ɜɚɬɶɫɹɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɨɬɧɟɝɨɢɧɟɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɏɪɚɧɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɜɫɭɯɨɦɯɨɪɨɲɨɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦɩɨɦɟɳɟ-
ɧɢɢ
ȁȑȞȜȕȎȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȡȧȓȞȏȎȐȩȕȐȎțțȎȭȖțȩȚȖ
ȝȞȖȥȖțȎȚȖ
ȼɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɇɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɛɟɡɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
92
RU
• ȿɫɥɢɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɬɟɫɶɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɞɚɠɟɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɨɛɹɡɚ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣȾɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ(8ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɡɧɚɤɨ-
ɦɢɬɶɫɹɫɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭɩɚɦɹɬɤɨɣ
•ȃǾǮǻǶȀȊ ǻǮǿȀǼȍȇdzdzǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼ ȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮ-
ȄǶǶ
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdzǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
$Ⱥɷɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ - ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
%ɋɟɧɫɨɪɧɚɹɩɚɧɟɥɶɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ .ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ
&Ʉɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ / ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
'ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɥɶɞɚ 0Ⱦɢɫɩɥɟɣɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɣɜɪɟɦɹɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
(Ɋɭɱɤɚ 1Ʉɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
)Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ 2Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
*Ȼɟɝɭɧɨɤ 3Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɵɛɨɪɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
+ɐɟɧɬɪɢɮɭɝɚ 4Ʉɥɚɜɢɲɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɜɪɟɦɹɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
, ɒɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ǶȒȓțȠȖȢȖȘȎȤȖȜțțȩȓȒȎțțȩȓ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɭɤɚɡɚɧɵɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɞɚɧ-
ɧɵɟ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚȿɋ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ0RG
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣʋ61
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟȼɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ:
ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɚɹɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɚɹɫɥɭɠɛɚɬɟɯɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɉɪɢɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢɡɚɹɜɤɢɜȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǽdzǾdzDzǽdzǾǰȉǺǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶdzǺ
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɪɨɜɧɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɟɨɬɜɨɞɵɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɢ
ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɣɜɵɫɨɤɭɸɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
- ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ɏɜɠɟɣɭɠɬɷɝɭɩɧɲɭɩɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɠɝɛɳɠɤɟɩɧɛɳɨɠɤɬɠɭɣɬɩɩɭɝɠɭɬɭɝɮɠɭɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɹ
ɮɥɛɢɛɨɨɩɧɮɨɛɭɛɜɦɣɲɥɠɬɭɠɰɨɣɲɠɬɥɣɧɣɟɛɨɨɶɧɣɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɫɦɨɬɫɬɟɧɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜɦɟɛɟɥɢɢɥɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɟɪɜɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɵɦɨɣɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ'ɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɭ+
93
RU
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ(ɞɟɪɠɚɫɶɡɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɪɭɱɤɭ&Ɋɢɫ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɢɧɶɬɟɛɟɝɭɧɨɤ*ɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɊɢɫ
- ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ)ɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɢɡɟɦɤɨ-
ɫɬɢɩɨɬɹɧɭɜɟɟɤɜɟɪɯɭɊɢɫ
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɦɨɠɧɨɦɵɬɶɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɨɛɵɱɧɭɸɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɦɵɬɶɹɩɨɫɭɞɵɢɦɹɝɤɭɸɝɭɛɤɭɛɟɡɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯ-
ɧɨɫɬɢɋɦɪɚɡɞɟɥɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵɜɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɓɟɥɱɨɤɛɭɞɟɬɡɧɚɤɨɦɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɲɚɪɧɢɪɡɚɤɪɵɥɫɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
Ɋɢɫ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɢɧɭɬɶɛɟɝɭɧɨɤ*ɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɪɭɱɤɢ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɜɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɀɬɦɣɠɧɥɩɬɭɷɝɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɛɨɠɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩɪɫɣɜɩɫɨɠɨɛɲɨɠɭɫɛɜɩɭɮ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ1ɢɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɨ-
ɬɪɟɧɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɜɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟɨɬ&ɞɨ&ɫɢɧ-
ɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦɜ&
ɇɚɠɢɦɚɣɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ4ɞɥɹɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɉɪɟɞ-
ɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɨɬɞɨɦɢɧɭɬɫɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦɜ
ɦɢɧɭɬɭ
Ⱦɥɹɛɨɥɟɟɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨɜɵɛɨɪɚɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɧɚɠɚɬɵɦɢɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
Ʌɢɛɨɧɚɠɢɦɚɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɵɛɨɪɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ3ȼɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭ-
ɸɳɭɸɨɞɧɨɦɭɢɡɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɺɧɧɵɯɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɫɦɜɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
ɋɨɜɟɬɵɩɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ2ɞɥɹɧɚɱɚɥɚɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ.ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɜɟɧɬɢɥɹ-
ɰɢɢɧɚɱɚɥɚɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ/
-
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɦɨɠɧɨɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ/ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɤɥɸɱɚ-
ɟɬɫɹɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɗɬɨɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ
ɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɇɚɞɢɫɩɥɟɟɱɟɪɟɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɤɚɡɜɪɟɦɟ-
ɧɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹɢɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵȾɥɹɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ
ȼɨɡɞɭɲɧɚɹɮɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɚɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɥɸɞɢɡɫɚɦɵɯɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɉɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟɜɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣɤɧɢɝɟɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɜ
ɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦɢɧɭɬ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɨɣɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɅɢɛɨɦɨɠɧɨɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɤɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨ-
ɬɨɜɤɢ
94
RU
Ɉɠɨɛɦɣɝɛɤɭɠɝɠɧɥɩɬɭɷɧɛɬɦɩ
ɈɠɪɠɫɠɞɫɮɡɛɤɭɠɥɩɫɢɣɨɮɜɩɦɷɳɣɧɥɩɦɣɲɠɬɭɝɩɧɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɩɝɊɫɣɟɠɫɡɣɝɛɤɭɠɬɷɧɛɥɬɣ-
ɧɛɦɷɨɩɫɛɢɫɠɳɠɨɨɩɞɩɮɫɩɝɨɺɢɛɞɫɮɢɥɣɩɫɣɠɨɭɣɫɮɺɬɷɨɛɬɪɠɱɣɛɦɷɨɮɹɩɭɧɠɭɥɮ
Ɋɫɣ ɪɠɫɝɩɤ ɸɬɥɪɦɮɛɭɛɱɣɣ ɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ ɝɶ ɧɩɡɠɭɠ ɪɩɲɮɝɬɭɝɩɝɛɭɷ ɨɠɪɫɣɺɭɨɶɤ ɢɛɪɛɰ ɣ
ɟɛɡɠɢɛɧɠɭɣɭɷɦɠɞɥɣɤ ɟɶɧɩɥɀɞɩɪɫɣɲɣɨɩɤ ɺɝɦɺɠɭɬɺɣɬɪɛɫɠɨɣɠɬɧɛɢɥɣɨɠɥɩɭɩɫɶɰ
ɟɠɭɛɦɠɤɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɘɭɩɺɝɦɠɨɣɠɨɠɟɩɦɡɨɩɝɶɢɶɝɛɭɷɜɠɬɪɩɥɩɤɬɭɝɩɣɬɥɩɫɩɣɬɲɠɢɨɠɭ
ɘɭɩɟɠɤɬɭɝɣɠɨɣɥɛɥɨɠɪɩɝɦɣɺɠɭɨɛɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩɠɯɮɨɥɱɣɩɨɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɠɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ
ȼɱɢɫɥɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɟɫɬɶɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɩɚɭɡɵɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɦɨɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢ-
ɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɥɸɞɚ
ɉɨɬɹɧɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɡɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɪɭɱɤɭɢɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɟɟɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɉɪɢɛɨɪ
ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɟɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ
ɉɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɫɬɪɹɯɢɜɚɣɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɧ-
ɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ
Ⱦɥɹɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɜɤɨɪɩɭɫ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɞɨɺɦɤɨɫɬɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɢɦɟ-
ɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜɇɟɧɚɠɢɦɚɣɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɩɪɢɜɫɬɪɹɯɢ-
ɜɚɧɢɢɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜȼɦɨɦɟɧɬɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɨɡ-
ɦɨɠɧɵɜɵɛɪɨɫɵɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɢɩɚɪɚɋɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶɧɟɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɬɶɥɢɰɨɢɪɭɤɢɤ
ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɡɞɚɫɬɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹȿɫɥɢɢɧ-
ɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɟɳɺɧɟɝɨɬɨɜɵɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɩɪɨɫɬɨɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɫɧɢɦɢɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɢ
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶɬɚɣɦɟɪɟɳɺɧɚɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɦɢɧɭɬ
ɑɬɨɛɵɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɪɭɱɧɭɸɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɧɚɠɚɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɏ
ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ 2 ɝɚɫɧɟɬ ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟ-
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɢɧɶɬɟɛɟɝɭɧɨɤ*ɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɊɢɫ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ)ɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɢɡɟɦɤɨ-
ɫɬɢɩɨɬɹɧɭɜɟɟɤɜɟɪɯɭɊɢɫ
ȼɵɥɨɠɢɬɟɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɧɚɛɥɸɞɨɉɨɞɚɜɚɣɬɟɧɚɫɬɨɥ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɟɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɱɚɫɬɹɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɨɬɫɬɵɧɭɬɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɱɚ-
ɫɬɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɩɨɞɪɭɦɹɧɢɥɢɫɶɢɧɟ
ɩɨɱɟɪɧɟɥɢɢɥɢɩɨɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɟɥɢɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɩɨɞɝɨɪɟɜɲɢɟɤɭɫɨɱɤɢɟɫɥɢɨɧɢɟɫɬɶ
ȿɦɺɣɢɝɦɠɲɠɨɣɺɜɩɦɷɳɣɰɣɦɣɦɠɞɥɩɦɩɧɛɹɴɣɰɬɺɥɮɬɥɩɝɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɮɤɭɠɬɪɠɱɣɛɦɷɨɶɠ
ɴɣɪɱɶ
Ɉɛɥɛɪɦɣɝɛɹɴɣɤɬɺɣɢɜɶɭɩɥɧɛɬɦɛɩɜɶɲɨɩɬɩɜɣɫɛɠɭɬɺɨɛɟɨɠɠɧɥɩɬɭɣ
95
RU
Ɋɫɣɜɩɫɞɩɭɩɝɥɸɥɬɪɦɮɛɭɛɱɣɣɬɫɛɢɮɪɩɬɦɠɩɥɩɨɲɛɨɣɺɪɫɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɺɣɨɞɫɠɟɣɠɨɭɩɝ
ǿȜȐȓȠȩȝȜȝȞȖȑȜȠȜȐșȓțȖȬ
ɉɨɠɟɥɚɧɢɸɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɧɚɝɪɟɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɹɜɧɟɝɨɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ1ɢɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ4ɢɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɣɬɟɬɚɣɦɟɪɧɚɜɪɟɦɹɛɨ-
ɥɟɟɦɢɧɭɬ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ2
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɱɧɟɬɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɟɟɦɟɥɤɢɯɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɦɟɧɶɲɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɱɟɦɞɥɹɛɨɥɟɟ
ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨɱɢɫɥɚɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɚɞɥɹɦɟɧɶ-
ɲɟɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɦɟɧɶɲɟ
Ⱦɥɹɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɥɭɱɲɟɝɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɩɪɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɛɨɥɟɟɦɟɥɤɢɯɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɪɟɤɨ-
ɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɯɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶ
ɑɬɨɛɵɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɢɦɞɨɛɚɜɶɬɟɤɫɜɟɠɟɦɭɢɥɢɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɨɦɭɤɚɪɬɨɮɟ-
ɥɸɥɨɠɟɱɤɭɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɚɫɥɚ
ɋɧɷɤɢɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɩɟɱɢɬɚɤɠɟɦɨɠɧɨɩɨɞɠɚɪɢɜɚɬɶɜɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ
ɮɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɟ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ-
ɦɟɪɧɨɝɪ
Ⱦɥɹɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨɢɥɟɝɤɨɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɧɷɤɨɜɫɧɚɱɢɧɤɨɣɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɝɨ-
ɬɨɜɵɟɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɛɥɸɞɚɄɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɝɨɬɨɜɵɟɛɥɸɞɚɝɨɬɨɜɹɬɫɹɝɨɪɚɡɞɨɛɵɫɬɪɟɟɞɨ-
ɦɚɲɧɢɯ
ǽȞȓȒȡȟȠȎțȜȐșȓțțȩȓȝȞȜȑȞȎȚȚȩ
ȼ ɩɨɦɟɳɺɧɧɨɣ ɧɢɠɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ& ȼɪɟɦɹɦɢɧ
ɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ
ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɮɪɢ
ɫɜɟɠɢɣ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶ
ɮɪɢ
ɦɨɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɫɥɚɫɬɢ
ɤɭɪɢɰɚ
96
RU
ɤɪɚɫɧɨɟɦɹɫɨ
ɪɵɛɚ
ɄɚɠɞɨɦɭɫɢɦɜɨɥɭɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɭɜɭɟɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɚɹɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɄɚɠɞɚɹɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɧɚ-
ɫɬɪɨɟɧɚɩɨɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɭɸɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɢɜɪɟɦɹɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɜɢɞɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɨɫɢɬɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɬɚɤɠɟɨɬɤɨɥɢ-
ɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɬɨɥɳɢɧɵɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɦɟɧɹɬɶɜɪɟɦɹɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
ɞɚɠɟɜɩɪɟɞɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ
Ʉɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɮɪɢɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ʉɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɮɪɢɫɜɟɠɢɣ ɉɟɪɜɚɹɠɚɪɤɚɦɢɧɭɬ
ȼɬɨɪɚɹɠɚɪɤɚɦɢɧɭɬ
Ɏɪɢɢɡɨɜɨɳɟɣ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ʉɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ɇɟɞɚɥɶɨɧɱɢɤɢ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ʉɭɪɢɧɵɟɤɪɨɤɟɬɵ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ʉɭɪɢɧɵɟɛɟɞɪɵɲɤɢ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ȼɢɮɲɬɟɤɫ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ɇɹɫɧɵɟɲɚɪɢɤɢ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ɉɦɚɪɵ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ɍɨɪɬ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ʉɢɲ ɦɢɧɭɬ
Ɋɵɛɚ ɦɢɧɭɬ
ɋɜɢɧɚɹɨɬɛɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɢɧɭɬ
ȼɟɫɟɧɧɢɟɪɭɥɟɬɢɤɢ ɦɢɧɭɬ
ȂȡțȘȤȖȭȎȐȠȜȚȎȠȖȥȓȟȘȜȑȜȜȠȘșȬȥȓțȖȭ
ȾɚɧɧɵɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦɄɨɝɞɚɬɚɣɦɟɪɞɨɯɨɞɢɬɞɨɧɭɥɹɪɚɡɞɚɺɬɫɹɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɩɪɢ-
ɛɨɪɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɑɬɨɛɵɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɧɚɠɚɬɶ
ɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ2ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ/ɝɚɫɧɟɬɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɜɟɧɬɢ-
ɥɹɰɢɢɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ȿɫɥɢɢɡɜɥɟɱɶɺɦɤɨɫɬɶɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ
ǼȅǶǿȀǸǮǶȀdzȃǼǯǿǹȁǴǶǰǮǻǶdz
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɉɟɪɟɞɱɢɫɬɤɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɟɝɨɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɅɸɛɵɟɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɨɬɟ-
ɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɨɥɠɧɵɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɨɯɥɚɠɞɟ-
ɧɢɹ
97
RU
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɥɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɫɟɝɞɚɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɲɧɭɪɚȼɚɲɟɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɟɪɟɞɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɢɜɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹɜɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣɰɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɞɥɹɟɝɨɡɚɦɟɧɵɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣɩɟɪ-
ɫɨɧɚɥ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɦɵɬɶɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ǼȥȖȟȠȘȎȝȞȖȏȜȞȎ
ɉɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɱɢɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɫɚɥɮɟɬɤɢɩɨ-
ɫɥɟɱɟɝɨɩɪɨɬɟɪɟɬɶɫɭɯɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɱɢɫɬɤɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɦɹɝɤɨɣɬɤɚɧɢɫɥɟɝɤɚɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣɜɬɟɩɥɨɣɜɨɞɟȼɵɬɪɢɬɟɧɚɫɭɯɨɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɤɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɨɬɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɩɢɳɢɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɣɬɟɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɫɭɯɨɣɬɤɚɧɢ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȥȎȟȠȓȗȝȞȖȏȜȞȎ
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɦɨɠɧɨɦɵɬɶɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɨɛɵɱɧɭɸɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɦɵɬɶɹɩɨɫɭɞɵɢɦɹɝɤɭɸɝɭɛɤɭɛɟɡɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯ-
ɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɟɪɠɚɫɶɡɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɪɭɱɤɭ
- ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵ)ɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɢɡɟɦɤɨ-
ɫɬɢɩɨɬɹɧɭɜɟɟɤɜɟɪɯɭɊɢɫ
Ⱦɥɹɪɚɡɦɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɟɜɲɢɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɩɢɳɢɜɤɨɪɡɢɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɟɧɚɥɢɬɶɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɬɟɩɥɭɸ
ɜɨɞɭȾɨɛɚɜɶɬɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɤɚɩɟɥɶɦɨɸɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɢɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ
ɧɚɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɦɢɧɭɬȼɫɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɢɜɵɬɪɢɬɟɧɚɫɭɯɨ
ɀɧɥɩɬɭɷɣɥɩɫɢɣɨɛɝɶɪɩɦɨɠɨɶɣɢɧɛɭɠɫɣɛɦɛɬɛɨɭɣɪɫɣɞɛɫɨɶɧɪɩɥɫɶɭɣɠɧɇɛɭɩɝɩɬɭɷ
ɣɬɦɠɟɶɥɩɭɩɫɶɠɧɩɞɮɭɪɩɬɭɠɪɠɨɨɩɨɛɨɠɤɪɫɩɺɝɦɺɭɷɬɺɪɩɬɦɠɟɦɣɭɠɦɷɨɩɞɩɣɬɪɩɦɷ-
ɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɺɝɦɺɹɭɬɺɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɶɧɺɝɦɠɨɣɠɧɣɨɠɝɦɣɺɹɭɨɛɥɛɲɠɬɭɝɩɪɫɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɺ
ɪɣɴɣɣɠɠɝɥɮɬ
98
RU
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȁǿȀǾǮǻdzǻǶȌǻdzǸǼȀǼǾȉȃǽǾǼǯǹdzǺ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ȼɢɥɤɚɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɜ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɨɛɨɪɭ-
ɞɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɇɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣ-
ɬɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟɜɪɟɦɹ
ɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɞɥɹ
ɧɚɱɚɥɚɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨ Ⱥɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ
ɜɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɂɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɟɳɟɧɟɝɨɬɨɜɵ ȼɧɭɬɪɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɧɨɝɨɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧ-
ɬɨɜ
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɜɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɦɟɧɶɲɟ
ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɆɟɧɶɲɟɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬɢɯɥɭɱɲɟɦɭ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɢ
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɬɟɧɭɠɧɭɸɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ-
ɬɭɪɭɋɦɤɧɢɝɭɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɜ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢ-
ɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣ-
ɬɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟɜɪɟɦɹ
ɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɋɦɤɧɢɝɭɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɜ
ɂɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɩɪɨɠɚɪɢɥɢɫɶ
ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɢɞɵɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶ
ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɢɯɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɂɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ
ɫɜɟɪɯɭɢɥɢɬɟɱɬɨɡɚɤɪɵɬɵ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɮɪɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶ
ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɢɯɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɀɚɪɟɧɵɟɫɧɷɤɢɧɟɩɨɥɭ-
ɱɢɥɢɫɶɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɯɪɭɫɬɹ-
ɳɢɦɢ
ȼɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɟɜɢɞɫɧɷɤɨɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɝɨɬɨɜɹɬɫɹɬɪɚɞɢɰɢ-
ɨɧɧɵɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɫɬɟɫɧɷɤɢɩɪɟɞ-
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜ-
ɥɟɧɢɹɜɩɟɱɢɢɥɢɨɛɦɚɠɶɬɟ
ɢɯɦɚɫɥɨɦɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤ
ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɜɤɨɪɡɢɧɭ
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨ ȼɧɭɬɪɢɤɨɪɡɢɧɵɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɧɨɝɨɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧ-
ɬɨɜ
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɜɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɦɟɧɶɲɟ
ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɆɟɧɶɲɟɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬɢɯɥɭɱɲɟɦɭ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ
Ʉɨɪɡɢɧɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɫɬɚɜ-
ɥɟɧɚɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɤɨɪɡɢɧɭɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
99
RU
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
ɂɡɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɛɟɥɵɣ
ɞɵɦɨɤ ȼɵɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɵ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɟɛɨɥɶɲɟɤɨɥɢ-
ɱɟɫɬɜɨɠɢɪɚ
ɉɪɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɢɧ-
ɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɠɢɪɚ
ɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɨɫɟɞɚɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɟ
ɦɚɫɥɚɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɚɫ-
ɥɚɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨɱɟɦɨɛɵɱɧɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɛɟɥɨɝɨɞɵɦɚ
ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɧɟɜɥɢɹɟɬɧɚ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢɧɝɪɟɞɢɟɧɬɨɜɢɥɢɧɚɫɚɦ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ȼɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɠɢɪ
ɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɣɫɹɫɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ
ɰɢɤɥɨɜɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
Ȼɟɥɵɣɞɵɦɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɸ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ
ɠɢɪɚɢɥɢɦɚɫɥɚɌɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɩɨɫɥɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɋɜɟɠɢɣɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɧɚɪɟ-
ɡɚɧɧɵɣɩɚɥɨɱɤɚɦɢɨɛɠɚɪɢ-
ɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ
ȼɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɟɫɨɪɬɤɚɪɬɨ-
ɮɟɥɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɧɟɝɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɞɥɹɮɪɢɬɸɪɚ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɜɟɠɢɣɤɚɪɬɨ-
ɮɟɥɶɢɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɟɪɟ-
ɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɣɬɟɟɝɨɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɢɜɵɫɭɲɢɬɟ
ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤ
ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɟɝɨɜɨɮɪɢɬɸɪɟ
ɋɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɭɞɚ-
ɥɢɬɟɫɧɟɝɨɜɟɫɶɤɪɚɯɦɚɥ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɟɧɚɧɟɦ
ɋɜɟɠɢɣɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶ
ɧɚɪɟɡɚɧɧɵɣɩɚɥɨɱɤɚɦɢ
ɧɟɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɢɦ
ɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɢɡ
ɮɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɵ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɟɣ
ɤɨɪɨɱɤɢɧɚɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɟɮɪɢ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɜɨɞɵ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣɫɹɜɫɚɦɨɦɤɚɪ-
ɬɨɮɟɥɟɚɬɚɤɠɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɦɚɫɥɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɢ
ɟɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɉɟɪɟɞɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɦɚɫɥɚ
ɤɚɤɦɨɠɧɨɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɟɣɨɫɭ-
ɲɚɣɬɟɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɫɧɚɪɭɠɢ
ɇɚɪɟɠɶɬɟɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɛɨɥɟɟ
ɬɨɧɤɢɦɢɩɚɥɨɱɤɚɦɢɞɥɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɟɟɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɟɣ
ɤɨɪɨɱɤɢ
ɑɬɨɛɵɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹ
ɛɨɥɟɟɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɢɦɞɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ
ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɦɚɫɥɚ
100
RU
Ⱦɚɬɚɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ61ZN\UDEFGHIJ
ɝɞɟZN±ɧɟɞɟɥɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
\U±ɝɨɞɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
DEFGHIJ±ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɈɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɧɢɡɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨ-
ɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɚɜɝɭɫɬɚɝɨɞɚ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜªɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟ-
ɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɞɟɤɚɛɪɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟ-
ɥɢɹ
ȼaȽɰȼɬɄɥɚɫɫ,,3;
ɋɞɟɥɚɧɨɜɄɢɬɚɟ
ɂɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɈɈɈ©Ɇɟɞɢɚɬɟɯª
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɢɰɚɋɚɞɨɜɚɹɌɪɢɭɦɮɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɦɫɬɪɨɟ-
ɧɢɟɉɈɆ,ɄɈɆ
ɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɍɫɚɱɟɜɚɞɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɨɦ,,ɤɨɦ
?ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ'H¶/RQJKL$SSOLDQFHV6UO©ȾɟɥɨɧɝɢȺɩɩɥɚɟɧɫɢɫɋɊɅªȺɞɪɟɫɂɬɚɥɢɹ
ɎɥɨɪɟɧɰɢɹɄɚɦɩɢȻɢɡɟɧɰɢɨȼɢɚɋɄɭɢɪɢɤɨ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɣɢɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɦɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɫɚɣɬɟKWWSZZZDULHWHQHWUXDVVLVWDQFH
Ƚɨɪɹɱɚɹɥɢɧɢɹ$ULHWH
Ɍɨɜɚɪɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟɢɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸɧɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɦɟɫɬɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɣɫɪɨɤɝɨɞɚɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟ-
ɥɢɹ
101
RU
ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ ﺔّﻴﻤﺤﻣو ،ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ
يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻠﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳاو صﺮﺤﺑ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ةءاﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
هﺬﻫ ﻖﻓرأ .ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌا ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻼﻟ ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا .راﴐﻷاو ثداﻮﺤﻟا عﻮﻗو ﻊﻨﳌ ،ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ
.ﻐﻠﻟ ﻪﺋاﺪﻫإ وأ ﻪﻌﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا زﻮﻣﺮﻟﺎﺑ ةﺰﻴﻤﻣ ،ﺐّﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ةدراﻮﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ ﻒﻠﺘﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧأ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ضﺮﻐﻟا
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﺟﺎﺘﺣا اذإ .ﺔﻠﺋﺎﺳ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻲﻬﻄﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻏ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا .ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻲﻬﻄﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻢﻜﻨﻜ
ﻢﺗ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﺗ نا ﺪﻌﺑو ،ﺔﻘﺋﺎﻓ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻋ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻚﻨﻜ ،ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ تﺎﻴﻤﻛ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﱃإ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
ﻦﻜ ،ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﺐﻜﺳ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ .ﻪﻨﻣ ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﺐﻜﺴﺗ نأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺔﺒﻠﺼﻟا ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا ةدﺎﳌا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺻﺎﺼﺘﻣا
ﺔﻌﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ رﴬﻟا قﺎﺤﻟإ وأ/و ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻞﻛﺎﺸﻣ ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ ﻣ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا جرﺎﺧ ﻪﻨﻣ ءﺰﺟ بﴪﺘﻳ نأ
ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ وأ ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗ ضاﺮﻏﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟوﺆﺴﻣ يأ
.نﻀﻟا لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ يدﺆﻳ .ﺔﻘﺋﻻ ﻏ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا
ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ىﺮﺧأ ﻞﺋاﻮﺳ ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ .ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﲇﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا لﻼﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷاو ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ .قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ةّرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا دﱪﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا
نﺎﻣأ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا صﺮﺤﺑ أﺮﻗا.
:ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺎﻬﻬﺑﺎﺷ ﺎﻣو ﺔﻴﻟﺰﻨﳌا ضاﺮﻏﻸﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻊﻨﺻو ﻢّﻤﺻ •
;ﺐﺗﺎﻜﳌا ﰲو ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺘﻟا تﻼﺤﳌا ﻲﻔﻇﻮﳌ ﺔﺼ ّ
ﺼﺨﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﰲ -
;عراﺰﳌا -
;
ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﻴﻨﻜﺴﻟا تﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟاو قدﺎﻨﻔﻟا ءﻼﻤﻋ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا
-
.رﺎﻄﻓﻹاو ﺖﻴﺒﳌا لﺰﻧ -
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ضاﺮﻏﻷ وأ ﺊﻃﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﴐﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺐﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻦﻋ
ﻏ داﻮ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟا ﺐﻄﻌﻟا ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺠﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا نﻷ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮ ظﺎﻔﺘﺣﻻا ﺢﺼﻨُﻳ •
.ﺺّﺧﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﱃإ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻘﺋﻻ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ وأ ﻖﻳﺮﺣ رﺎﻄﺧأ عﻮﻗو ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻧﺎﺻ ﻦﻣ ةدرﻮﻣ ﻏو ﺔﻘﺋﻻ ﻏ تاﺪﻌﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا •
102
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.صﺎﺨﺷﻷﺎﺑ رﴬﻟا قﺎﺤﻟإ وأ
داﻮﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌاو ٢٧/١٠/٢٠٠٤ ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﺑ ةردﺎﺼﻟا ١٩٣٥/٢٠٠٤ ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻢﻈﻨﻟ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا •
..ﺔﻳﺬﻏﻸﻟ ﺔﺴﻣﻼﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﻢﻫاﻮﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ نﻮﻜﻠ ﻻ صﺎﺨﺷأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ تاﻮﻨﺳ ٨ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ لﺎﻔﻃأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ •
ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ فاﴍﻹا ﻢﺗ اذإ ﻂﻘﻓ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ وأ ةﱪﺧ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا صﺎﺨﺷﻷا وأ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟاو ﺔﻴ ّ
ﺴﺤﻟاو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا
ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻋﻼﻃاو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﺒﻳرﺪﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ءﺎﻨﺛأ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺐﻌﻠﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ حﺴﻟا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ •
،تاﻮﻨﺳ ٨ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﻞﻘﺗ دﻻوأ ﺎﻬﺑ مﻮﻘﻳ ﻻ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا مﺎﻬﻣ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺄﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا لﻋأ •
.ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺗ اذإ ّﻻإ
.تاﻮﻨﺳ ٨ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﻞﻘﺗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا لﺎﻔﻃﻷا لوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻦﻋ اﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻆﻔﺣ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﱃإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﻻ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ •
.ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﻷ ،لﺎﻔﻃﻷا لوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﰲ ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
.ضرﻷا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا طﺎﻘﺳإو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ّﺪﺸﺑ ﻞﻔﻃ مﻮﻘﻳ نﺄﺑ ﳽﻼﺗ •
ةدﺎﻳز .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ّ
ﺺﻗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﻊﻨﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺎﻬﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ •
.ﻪﺑ ﺐﻌﻠﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃإ ﲇﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا لﻼﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟاو ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ •
.قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ .ةّرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا دﱪﺗ
.ﻪﻔﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﻪﻛﺮﺗاو ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ ،ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا فﺎﻘﻳإ ﺪﻨﻋ •
.مﺎﻌﻃ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﺑ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﺮﺤﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻦﻣ غرﺎﻓ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻌﺸﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا تﺎﻣوﺎﻘﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا قﺎﺼﺘﻟا ﺐّﻨﺠﺘﺗ ﻟ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﰲ ﻂﻘﻓو ًﺎاد تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻞﺧدأ •
.ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻟا تﺎﺤﺘﻓ ﻖﻴﻌﺗ ﻻ •
.ﻖﻳﺮﺣ ﺮﻄﺧ .ﺖﻳﺰﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻸ ﻻ •
.ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻟا ﺔﺤﺘﻓ ﻦﻋ ﻪﺟﻮﻟاو ﻦﻳﺪﻴﻟا ًﺎاد ﺪﻌﺑأ .ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻟا ﺔﺤﺘﻓ ﻦﻣ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا رﺎﺨﺒﻟاو ءاﻮﻬﻟا جﺮﺨﻳ ،لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ •
ةﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﻟاو ﻦﻳﺪﻴﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﻦﺧﺎﺳ رﺎﺨﺑو ءاﻮﻫ ًﺎﻀﻳأ جﺮﺨﻳ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻦﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا دﺎﻌﺑإ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ •
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻋ
نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ًارﻮﻓ ﺄﻔﻃأ ،ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻟا ﺔﺤﺘﻓ ﻦﻣ دﻮﺳأ نﺎﺧد جﺮﺧ اذإ •
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا .ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻟا ﺔﺤﺘﻓ ﻦﻣ نﺎﺧﺪﻟا جوﺮﺧ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﻳ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ :ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ •
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻟﻮﻔﻟ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟا نأ ﺪّﻛﺄﺗ ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻞﺒﻗ •
ﺪﺣأ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا مؤﻼﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ،ﻪﻨﻣ ﻪﺋاﴍ ﻢﺗ يﺬﻟا ﺪﻠﺒﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻳ ﺪﻠﺑ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻢﺗ اذإ •
.ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ
رﴬﻟا قﺎﺤﻟإ ﳾﺎﺤﺘﻟ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةرﺪﻗ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓاﻮﺘﻣ ةﺧﻷا هﺬﻫ نﻮﻜﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻠﺻو لﻌﺘﺳا ﻢﺗرﺮﻗ اذإ •
.ﻪﺴﻔﻧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﻣﻼﺳ نﺿ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣو ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ مﻮﻘﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺺﺨﺸﻟﺎﺑ
.ضّرﺆﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺬﺧﺄ ﺎاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺻوأ •
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.ىﺮﺧأ ﻞﺋاﻮﺳ ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ •
.ﻣﺪﻘﻟا ﰲﺎﺣ ﺖﻨﻛ اذإ وأ نﺎﺘﻟﻮﻠﺒﻣ ﻚﻳﺪﻳ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ اذإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ..ﻒﻠﺘﻣ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ وأ نﺎﻔﻠﺘﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا وأ ﻞﺒﻜﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
Ariete ﺔﻛﴩﻟ ﻊﺑﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ ،حﻼﺻﻹا
.ﺮﻄﺧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،Ariete ﺔﻛﴍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻟﻮﺨﻣ ءاﱪﺧ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ
ﺮﻄﺧ ..ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﺲﻔﻧ ﲆﻋ (.... ﺎﻫﻏو تﺎّﻌﺸﻣو يوﺎﻜﻣو تﺎﻧﺎّﺨﺳ) ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ةرﺪﻗ تاذ ﺮﺧآ زﺎﻬﺟ يأ ﻚﺒﺸﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺤﻟا زوﺎﺠﺗ
.ةرﺎﺤﻟا حﻮﻄﺴﻠﻟ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﺴﻣﻼﻣ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ •
.ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ّﺪﺷ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻔﺗ ﻻ •
.ﻒﻠﺘﻠﻟ ﻪﺿّﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ،ةّدﺎﺣ ءاﺰﺟأ وأ فاﻮﺣ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻪﺒﺤﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻘﻨﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﻞﺼﻓا ،ﺔﻳﻮﺟ ﺔﻔﺻﺎﻋ عﻮﻗو ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ •
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ّ
ﻚﻓ •
.ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ ةﺰﻬﺟأ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ وأ ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ (ﺮﺎﺗ) ﺖّﻗﻮﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺗ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ •
..ﺔﻌّﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﺻأ تﺎﻘﺤﻠﻣو ﺔﻴﻠﺻأ رﺎﻴﻏ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻂﻘﻓ مﺪﺨﺘﺳا ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﻣﻼﺳ ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻠﻟ •
ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻦﻜ ،ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ دوﺮُﺑو ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺲﺑﺎﻗ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ •
ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒﻠﺗ ﱃإ يدﺆﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ تﺎﺒﻳﺬﻣ ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻼﻴﻠﻗ ﺔﺒّﻃﺮﻣو ﺔﻨﺸﺧ ﻏ ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ
.ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﳌا
.(...(ﺎﻫﻏو ﺮﺋﺎﺘﺳو ﺔﺸﻤﻗأ) لﺎﻌﺘﺷﻼﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻗ داﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ بﺮﻘﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ •
.ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا دﱪﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻆﻔﺣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺎاد ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا •
.(ﺎﻫﻏو ﺲﻤﺸﻟاو ﺮﻄﳌا) ﺔﻳﻮﺠﻟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻠﻟ ضّﺮﻌﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
.ﻖﻠﻄﻟا ءاﻮﻬﻟا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ •
.ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا وأ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاد ءاﺰﺟأ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﻻ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ّ
ﻚﻔﺗ ﻻ •
.فﺎﺟو درﺎﺑو فﻮﻘﺴﻣ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻆﻔﺣا •
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ ﻒﻠﺘﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧأ
.ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺔﻴﻌﺿو ﰲ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻌﺷأ •
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺻو ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺒﻗاﺮﻣ نوﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ •
ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻦﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺼﻗ ةﱰﻔﻟ ﻮﻟو دﺎﻌﺘﺑﻻا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ •
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا
ﻰﺟﺮﻳ ، EU/١٩/٢٠١٢ ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺺﻨﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣو ،ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ
.ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﳌاو ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا ةءاﺮﻗ
.تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا هﺬﻬﺑ ﺎاد ﻆﻔﺘﺣا •
104
AR
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
ءاﻮﻫ ﺬﺧﺄﻣ - Aﺞﻣاﱪﻟا - J
ﺲﻤﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﻢّﻜﺤﺗ ﺔﺣﻮﻟ - Bﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا - K
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻜﻴﻫ - Cﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا - L
ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا - Dةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟردو ﺖﻗﻮﻟا رﺎﻬﻇإ - M
ﺾﺒﻘﻣ - Eةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿ رارزأ - N
ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرِز - Fءﺎﻔﻃﻹا/لﺎﻌﺷﻹا رز - O
ﺔﻗ ّﻻز - Gﺞﻣاﱪﻟا رﺎﻴﺘﺧارز - P
ﺔّﻠﺳ - Hﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةﺪﻣ ﻂﺒﻀﻟ رارزأ - Q
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ - I
ﺔﻴﻨﻓ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
:زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﻳﻮﻫ دﺪﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻳدﺎﻨﺘﺳﻹا ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻠﻟا يﻮﺘﺤﺗ
CE ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟاو ﻊﻧﺎﺼﻟا •
(.Mod) ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا •
(SN) ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﳌا ﻢﻗر •
(ﺲﺗﻫ) ددﱰﻟاو (ﺖﻟﻮﻓ) ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻓ •
(طاو) ﺔّ
ﺼﺘﻤﳌا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةرﺪﻘﻟا •
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﻢﺴﻗ ﻒﺗﺎﻫ ﻢﻗر •
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﻗرو ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا ﺮﻛذ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﺰﻛﺮ لﺎﺼﺗﻻا ﺪﻨﻋ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ ﺪﻌﺑأ -
ﰲ ﻪﻛﺮﺗ و زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺐﺟﻮﺘﻳ .ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺪﻴﻌﺑو ٍﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ -
.ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻟا ةراﺮﺤﻟا تﺎﺟارﺪﻟ موﺎﻘﻣ و ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ
.ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ّ
ﻚﻓ -
.زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨّﻔﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻳوﺎﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔّﻴﻄﻠﻓ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ىﺮﺧﻷا ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا وأ ﺎﻴﻠﻴﺑﻮﳌا وأ نارﺪﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻢﺳ ١٠ ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻣ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ
.(H) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو (D) ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺴﻏا ،ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ
.(٤ ﻞﻜﺷ) ،(C) زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺐﺤﺳاو (E) ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﻚﺴﻣا -
.(٥ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ (G) ﺔﻗ ّﻻﺰﻟا ﻞﻘﻧأ -
.(٧ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﲆﻋﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻓر لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﺲﻔﻨﺑو (F) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرز ﻂﻐﺿا -
ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ ﺞﻨﻔﺳا ﺔﻌﻄﻗو نﻮﺤﺼﻠﻟ يدﺎﻋ ﻒّﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ًﻻﺪﺑ .اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎ ّ
ﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﻴﺴﻏ ﻦﻜ
."زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﻊﺟار .ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
.MAX ةرﺎﺒﻋ ﰲ ﺒﳌا ﺪﺤﻟا زوﺎﺠﺗ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﻊﺿ -
.(٩ ﻞﻜﺷ) "ﺔّﻘﻃ" عﺳ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﺧدﻹا ﻢﺘﻳ .ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﻞﺧدأ -
.
ﺾﺒﻘﳌا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ (G) ﺔﻗ ّﻻﺰﻟا ﻞﻘﻧأ -
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﰲ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺧدأ -
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AR
.ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا لﺎﺧدإ ﻢﺘﻳ اذإ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻐﺘﺸﻳ ﻻ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ -
ﻂﺒﺿ ﻦﻜ .
ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد رﺎﺘﺧا ﻢﺛ ،(N) ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿ رارزأ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
.ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ تﺎﺟرد ٥ قﺎﻄﻧ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد ٢٠٠ ﱃإ ٨٠ ﻦﻣ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد
ﻦﻜ .(ﺮﺎﺗ) ﺖّﻗﺆﳌا ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ﻢﺛ ،(Q) ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺖﻗو ﻂﺒﺿ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
.ﺔﻘﻴﻗد ﺪﺣاو راﺪﻘ تاﱰﻓ ﲆﻋو ﺔﻘﻴﻗد ٦٠ ﱃإ ١ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻂﺒﺿ
.ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟردو ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻂﺒﺿ رارزأ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،رﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻا ﺔﻋﴎ ةدﺎﻳﺰﻟ
ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ّرز رﺎﺘﺧا .(P) ﺞﻣاﱪﻟا رﺎﻴﺘﺧا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻋ ًﻻﺪﺑ -
.("ﻀﺤﺘﻟا ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻧ" ﻊﺟار) ﺒﳌا مﺎﻌﻄﻟا عﻮﻨﻟ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﳌا
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺪﺒﻟ (O) ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا/لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
.
ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ (L) ﻮﻀﻟا شﺆﳌا ﻞﻐﺸﻳ
.ﻞﻤﻌﻳ أﺪﺑ ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻟا مﺎﻈﻧ نأ ﲆﻋ ﺸﻳ ﻣ (K) ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا ﻞﻌﺸُﻳ -
.ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻲﻬﻄﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ -
ﻞﺧﺪﺗ ﲆﻋ ﻚﻟذ ّ
لﺪﻳ .يرود ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺄﻔﻄﻳو ﻞﻌﺸﻳ (L) ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا نأ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻦﻜ ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ
ﺺﻘﻨﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﻟا بوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﺷﺎﺸﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻬﻈﻳ .ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ تﺎﺘﺳﻮﻣﱰﻟا
.ﻂﺒﻀﻟا رارزأ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟردو ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺘﻟ .ةرﺎﺘﺨﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟردو
.تﺎﻔﺻﻮﻟا ﺐّﻴﺘﻛ ﻊﺟار .ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ عاﻮﻧأ ﻀﺤﺗ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺋاﻮﻬﻟا ةﻼﻘﳌا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ
ﺖﻗو ﱃإ ﱄوﻷا ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ﺖﻗو ةﴍﺎﺒﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ وأ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ٥-٣ ةﺪﳌ ﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﺨﺴﺗ ﻦﻜ
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
.ﺖﻳﺰﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻸ ﻻ
.ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ةرﺎﺷﺈﺑ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌاو ﺎﻬﺑ حﻮﻤﺴﳌا ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا تﺎّﻴﻤﻜﺑ ﺪّﻴﻘﺗ .ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
هﺬﻫ نﻷ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻢﺘﻬﺗ ﻻ :نﺎﺧﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗو ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ ﺔﺤﺋار ﻪﻨﻋ رﺪﺼﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ
ﲆﻋ ﻚﻟذ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﻻ .ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﳽﻼﺘﺗ فﻮﺳو ،ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺾﻌﺒﻟ ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻢﻴﺤﺸﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻧو ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ةﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ
.لﺎﺜﳌا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﲆﻋ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻂﻠﺧ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ،ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺖﻗﺆﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻗﻮﺗ ﻦﻜ
.ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻳ .جرﺎﺨﻟا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺐﺤﺳاو ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﻚﺴﻣا -
.ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻲﻬﻃ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ّ
ﺾﺧ -
.هّﺮﻘﻣ ﰲ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺧدأ ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟ -
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷاو ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ّ
ﺾﺨﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﺗ ﻻ .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
نأ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﻦﺧﺎﺳ رﺎﺨﺑو ءاﻮﻫ ًﺎﻀﻳأ جﺮﺨﻳ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻦﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا دﺎﻌﺑإ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻋ ةﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﻟاو ﻦﻳﺪﻴﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ
ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا لﺎﺧدإ ﻲﻔﻜﻳ ،ةﺰﻫﺎﺟ ﻏ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﺖﻧﺎﻛ اذإ .ﺄﻔﻄﻳ ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻣو ﻔﺻ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا رﺪﺼﻳ ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةﺪﻣ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻨﻋ
.ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺒﻟ (ﺮﺎﺗ) ﺖّﻗﺆﳌا ﻂﺒﺿو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ
ﻦﻋ ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻟا مﺎﻈﻧ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻳ .ﺄﻔﻄُﻳ (L) ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا .ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا/لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،يوﺪﻳ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃﻹ
.ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ تﺎﻈﺤﻟ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا -
.(٥ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ (G) ﺔﻗ ّﻻﺰﻟا ﻞﻘﻧأ -
.(٧ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﲆﻋﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻓر لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﺲﻔﻨﺑو (F) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرز ﻂﻐﺿا -
.مﺎﻌﻄﻟا مّﺪﻗ .ﻦﺤﺻ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﻊﺿ -
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!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﲇﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا لﻼﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷاو ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ ﻻ .قاﱰﺣﻼﻟ ضّﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ةّرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا دﱪﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا
تﺎﻔّﻠﺨﳌا ﺪﻌﺑأ .ﺔﻴﻨﺑ وأ ءادﻮﺳ ﺖﺴﻴﻟو نﻮﻠﻟا ﺔﻴﺒﻫذ نﻮﻜﺗ نا ﺐﺠﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻬﻄﳌا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا نأ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ
.ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻗوﺮﺤﳌا
.ﺔﻤﻌﻃأ ﻂﻗﻼﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔ ّﺸﻬﻟا وأ ﺔﻀﻳﺮﻌﻟا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا دﺎﻌﺑﻹ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺮﻌﻗ ﰲ ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻤﺘﺤﳌا ةﺪﺋاﺰﻟا تﺎﻴﻤﻜﻟا ﻊﻤﺠﺘﺗ
.ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻀﺤﺘﻟ ًارﻮﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ ،تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻲﻬﻃ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ
ﻀﺤﺘﻟا ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻧ
.تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا نوﺪﺑ ﻦﺨﺴﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،تدرأ اذإ
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد رﺎﺘﺧا ﻢﺛ ،(N) ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿ رارزأ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
.ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﻦﻣ ﻛأ ﲆﻋ (ﺮﺎﺗ) ﺖّﻗﺆﳌا ﻂﺒﺿا ﻢﺛ ،(Q) ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةﺪﻣ ﻂﺒﺿ رارزأ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
.(O) ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا/لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا -
.ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ
.ةﺒﻜﻟا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻧرﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ّﻞﻗأ ﺖﻗو ﱃإ ةﻐﺼﻟا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا جﺎﺘﺤﺗ
.ّﻞﻗأ ﺖﻗو ﱃإ جﺎﺘﺤﺗ ةﻐﺼﻟا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻨﻴﺑ ،لﻮﻃأ ﻲﻬﻃ ةّﺪﻣ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻦﻣ ةﺒﻜﻟا تﺎﻴﻤﻜﻟا
.ﺔﺴﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻲﻬﻃ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﲆﻋو ﻞﻀﻓأ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﲆﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﺗ ﻟ ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ةﺪﻣ ﻒﺼﺘﻨﻣ ﰲ ﺮﻐﺻﻷا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻂﻠﺧا
.ةﺪّﻤﺠﳌا وأ ﺔﺟزﺎﻄﻟا ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ ﻒﺿأ ،ﺔﺼّﻤﺤﻣ ﺔﻤﻌﻃأ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
.ﺔﻴﺋاﻮﻬﻟا ةﻼﻘﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻫﻮﻬﻃ ﻦﻜ ،نﺮﻔﻟا ﰲ ﻰﻬﻄﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺨﻟا تﺎﺒﺟﻮﻟا
.ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻢﻏ ٤٠٠-٣٠٠ ﻲﻫ ﺔﺼّﻤﺤﻣ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ ﻀﺤﺘﻟ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟا
ﺔﻨﻴﺠﻌﻟا جﺎﺘﺤﺗ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز .ﺔﻌﻳﴎو ﺔﻠﻬﺳ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ةّﻮﺸﺤﳌا ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺨﻟا تﺎﺒﺟﻮﻟا ﻀﺤﺘﻟ ةﺰﻫﺎﺟ ﺔﻨﻴﺠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
.ﺖﻴﺒﻟا ﰲ ﺎﻫداﺪﻋإ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﺠﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗأ ﻲﻬﻃ ةﺪﻣ ﱃإ ﺰﻫﺎﺠﻟا
ًﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﻃﻮﺒﻀﳌا ﺞﻣاﱪﻟا
.ﻢّﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌاو ًﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﻃﻮﺒﻀﳌا ﺞﻣاﱪﻟا ﻖﺣﻼﻟا لوﺪﺠﻟا ّﺒُﻳ
(ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ) ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد(دﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا) ﺖﻗﻮﻟا
ةﺪّﻤﺠﻣ ﺔّﻴﻠﻘﻣ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ20015
ﺔﺟزﺎﻃ ﺔّﻴﻠﻘﻣ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ18025
ﺔﻳﺮﺤﺒﻟا تﺎﻳﴩﻘﻟا 16020
تﺎﻳﻮﻠﺣ 16030
جﺎﺟد 20020
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ﺮﻤﺣأ ﻢﺤﻟ 18020
ﻚﻤﺳ 16020
ةﺪﻣ .مﺎﻌﻄﻟا عﻮﻧ ﲆﻋ ءﺎﻨﺑ ﺎﻬﺑ حﻮﺼﻨﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ﺖﻗوو ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻊﻣ طﻮﺒﻀﻣ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﱪﻟا .ﻲﻬﻃ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﱪﻟ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺰﻣر ﻞﻛ
ﻚﻟﺬﻛو ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟردو ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻜ .ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا داﻮﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛو ﻚﻤﺳ ﲆﻋ ًﺎﻀﻳأ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ يأ ،ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
.ًﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﻃﻮﺒﻀﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺞﻣاﺮﺑ
(ةﺪّﻤﺠﻣ) ﺔّﻴﻠﻘﻣ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑﺔﻘﻴﻗد 20 - 15ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 200
(ﺔﺟزﺎﻃ) ﺔّﻴﻠﻘﻣ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑﺔﻘﻴﻗد 18 :ةّﺮﻣ لوأ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 12 :ةّﺮﻣ ﺎﺛ ﻲﻬﻄﻟا
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد 140
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 180
رﺎﻀﺧ ﱄﺎﻘﻣﺔﻘﻴﻗد 15 - 10ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 200
ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا عﺎﺑرأﺔﻘﻴﻗد 22 - 18ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 180
ﺖﻴﻛوﺮﻛﺔﻘﻴﻗد 15 - 12ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 185
جﺎﺟﺪﻟا ﺖﻴﻛوﺮﻛﻖﺋﺎﻗد 10ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 200
جﺎﺟد ذﺎﺨﻓأ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 25 - 20ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 180
ﻢﺤﻟ ﺔﺤﻳﴍ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 15 - 10ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 180
ﻢﺤﻟ ﺔّﺒﻛﻖﺋﺎﻗد 8ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 180
سﺪﻳﺮُﻗﺔﻘﻴﻗد 20 - 15ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 160
ﺔﺗرﻮﺗﺔﻘﻴﻗد 30 - 20ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 160
ﴚﻴﻛﺔﻘﻴﻗد 30 - 25ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 180
ﻚﻤﺳﺔﻘﻴﻗد 20 - 15ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 200
ﺰﺒﺨﻟا تﺎﺘﻔﺑ ةّﻮﺴﻜﻣ ﺮﻳﺰﻨﺧ ﻢﺤﻟ ﺔﺤﻳﴍ
قﻮﻔﺨﳌا ﺾﻴﺒﻟاو
ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 15 - 10ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 200
ﻊﻴﺑﺮﻟا تﺎّﻔﻟ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 15 - 10ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 200
اﺬﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺄﻔﻄُﻳ ﻢﺛ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻋ تﻮﺻ رﺪﺼﻳ "٠" ﱃإ (ﺮﺎﺗ) ﺖّﻗﺆﳌا ﻞﺼﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .(ﺮﺎﺗ) ﺖّﻗﻮﻣ ﰲ دّوﺰﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ
مﺎﻈﻧ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻳ .ﺄﻔﻄُﻳ (L) ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا .ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا/لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا ،يوﺪﻳ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃﻹ .ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ
.ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ تﺎﻈﺤﻟ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻟا
.ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒّﻗﻮﺘﻳ ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺖﺒﺤﺳ اذإ
108
AR
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
يﺄﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا
.ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ىﺮﺧﻷا ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﱃإ هﺬﺧ ﻪﻔﻠﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲو ،ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ كزﺎﻬﺠﺑ صﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ﺺﺘﺨﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﻟاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﻢﺘﻳ ﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﺧ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ بﺮﻗأ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ تاودأ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺔّﻓﺎﺟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻔّﻔﺟ ﻢﺛ ،ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏو ﺔﺒﻃر ﺔﺤﺴﻤﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻒّﻈﻧ
.حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﻒّﻔﺟ .ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺎﻬّﻠﺒﺗ نأ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﺧاﺪﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻞﺴﻏا
.ﺎﻬﻨﻋ مﺎﻌﻄﻟا تﺎﻔّﻠﺨﻣ دﺎﻌﺑﻹ ﺔّﻓﺎﺟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ تﺎﻣوﺎﻘﳌا ﻒّﻈﻧ
تﺎﺒّﻛﺮﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ ﺞﻨﻔﺳا ﺔﻌﻄﻗو نﻮﺤﺼﻠﻟ يدﺎﻋ ﻒّﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ًﻻﺪﺑ .اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎ ّ
ﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﻴﺴﻏ ﻦﻜ
.ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ ﻏ
. زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﺴﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺐﺤﺳاو ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﻚﺴﻣا -
.(٧ ﻞﻜﺷ) ﲆﻋﻷا هﺎﺠﺗﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻓر لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﺲﻔﻨﺑو (F) ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا قﺎﺘﻋإ ّرز ﻂﻐﺿا -
ﻞﺧدا .ﻒّﻈﻨﳌا ﻦﻣ طﺎﻘﻧ ﻊﻀﺑ ﻒﺿأ . ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ءﻞﻣ ﻦﻜ ،ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا مﺎﻌﻄﻟا تﺎﻔّﻠﺨﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﻄﺘﻟ
.ﻒّﻔﺟو ﻞﺴﻏا .ﻪﻟﻮﻌﻔﻣ ﻒّﻈﻨﳌا ﺬﺧﺄﻳ ﻟ ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ١٠ ﺮﻈﺘﻧاو ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا
ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻓ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺮﻬﻈﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟاو ﺖﻫﺎﺒﻟا نﻮﻠﻟا :قﺎﺼﺘﻟﻼﻟ ﺔﻣوﺎﻘﻣ داﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ نﺎﺘﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا
.ﺎﻬﺘﻬﻜﻧو ﺔﻤﻌﻃﻷا ﻲﻬﻃ ﲆﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﻻو ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺮﻫاﻮﻇ ﻲﻫ ،لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻦﻣ
109
AR
ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﺤﻟ تادﺎﺷرإ
ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌاﺔﻨﻜﻤﳌا بﺎﺒﺳﻷا لﻮﻠﺤﻟا
ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﻻ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا لﺎﺧدإ ﻢﺘﻳ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
.ضّرﺆﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ يﺬﻟا
.ﺖّﻗﻮﳌا ﻂﺒﺿ ﻢﺘﻳ ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﺑ ﻢﻜّﺤﺘﻟا رارزأ ﻂﻐﺿا
ﻂﻐﺿا .بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻂﺒﺿا ﻢﺛ
ﻞّﻐﺸﺗ ﻟ ءﺎﻔﻃﻹا/لﺎﻌﺷﻹا ّرز ﲆﻋ
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا لﺎﺧدا ﻢﺘﻳ
.ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا
ﻞﺧاد ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ةﺰﻫﺎﺟ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﻞﺧاد ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ
ًاﺪﺟ ةﺒﻛ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا
ﰲ ﻞﻗأ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﻣ ﻞﺧدأ
ﺎﻫﻮﻬﻃ ﻢﺘﻳ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻘﻟا تّﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌا .ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا
.ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻣ ﺔﻃﻮﺒﻀﳌا ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد
.ًاﺪﺟ
ﺔﺟرﺪﺑ ﻢﻜّﺤﺘﻟا رارزأ ﻂﻐﺿا
ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﻂﺒﺿا ﻢﺛ ،ةراﺮﺤﻟا
.تﺎﻔﺻﻮﻟا ﺐﻴﺘﻛ ﻊﺟار .ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌا
.ًاﺪﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﻀﺤﺘﻟا ﺖﻗو ،ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﺑ ﻢﻜّﺤﺘﻟا رارزأ ﻂﻐﺿا
ﻊﺟار .بﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻂﺒﺿا ﻢﺛ
.تﺎﻔﺻﻮﻟا ﺐﻴﺘﻛ
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﻬﻄﻣ ﻏ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا
ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ
ﺎﻬﻄﻠﺧ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا عاﻮﻧأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ةﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻛأ
يﻮﻠﻌﻟا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا
(ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ) ىﺮﺧأ تﺎﻧﻮﻜ ﺔﻴّﻄﻐﳌا وأ
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺎﻬﻄﻠﺧ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﻏ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﳌا ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺨﻟا تﺎﺒﺟﻮﻟا
.ﺔﺼّﻤﺤﻣ
ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ تﺎﺒﺟو لﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ مﻮﻘﺗ ﺖﻧأ
.ﺔﻳﺪﻴﻠﻘﺘﻟا ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻬﻄﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻏ
ﻰﻬﻄُﺗ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ تﺎﺒﺟو ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺨﻟا تﺎﺒﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻫدا وأ نﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ
.ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻟﺎﺧدإ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺖﻳﺰﻟﺎﺑ
ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا لﺎﺧدا ﻢﺘﻳ
.ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا
ﻞﺧاد ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ
.ًاﺪﺟ ةﺒﻛ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا
ﰲ ﻞﻗأ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﻣ ﻞﺧدأ
ﺎﻫﻮﻬﻃ ﻢﺘﻳ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻘﻟا تّﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌا .ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا
.ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا لﺎﺧدإ ﻢﺘﻳ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا
ﻞﺧاد ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔّﻠﺴﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا
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AR
ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌاﺔﻨﻜﻤﳌا بﺎﺒﺳﻷا لﻮﻠﺤﻟا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺾﻴﺑأ نﺎﺧد جﺮﺨﻳ ﺔﻨﻫﺪﻣ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﻣ ﴬﺤﺗ ﺖﻧأ ،ﺔﻨﻫﺪﻣ تﺎﻧّﻮﻜﻣ ﻀﺤﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ
ﰲ ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﱪﻛأ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﺐﺳﱰﺗ
ﻛأ نﺎﺧد ﺖﻳﺰﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺪﻟﻮّﺘﻳ .ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا
ﻚﻟذ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﻻ .ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ
ﻀﺤﺗ ﲆﻋ لﺎﻜﺷﻷا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ يﺄﺑ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﲆﻋ وأ تﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌا
ﺔﻴﻨﻫد تﺎﻔّﻠﺨﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﻳ
.ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻧ
عﺎﻔﺗرﻻا ﱃإ ﺾﻴﺑﻷا نﺎﺧﺪﻟا دﻮﻌﻳ
ﺖﻳﺰﻟا وأ ﻦﻫﺪﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرﺪﻟ ﺪﺋاﺰﻟا
ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻒّﻈﻧ .ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
ﲆﻋ ﺔﻌﻄﻘﳌاو ﺔﺟزﺎﻄﻟا ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻣ ﻏ ﴢﻋ ﻞﻜﺷ
.ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ
ﻏ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ عﻮﻧ لﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ مﻮﻘﺗ ﺖﻧأ
.ﲇﻘﻠﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ
ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺎﻬﺒﻠﻗاو ﺔﺟزﺎﻃ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
.ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻗ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﻒّﻔﺟو ﻒﻄﺷأ ﺎﺸﻨﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﻛ لزأو ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﻒﻄﺷأ
.ﺎﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ ﺐﺳﺮﺗ يﺬﻟا
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ɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜɬɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɁɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɰɟɣɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɞɥɹɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿɣɭɦɚɣ-
ɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭɁɚɧɚɦɿɪɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢɰɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɧɲɨɦɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɭɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɫɭɩɪɨɜɨ-
ɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ȱɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɚɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢɹɤɿɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣ
Ɂɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɨɩɿɤɢ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɚɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɨɸ
ɍɜɚɝɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɛɢɬɤɢ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɢɯɡɿɧɲɢɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ǽǾǶǵǻǮȅdzǻǻȍ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜɉɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɩɿɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɿɞɤɨʀ ʀɠɿ əɤɳɨɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɽ ɞɨɞɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɚɥɢɯɩɨɪɰɿɣ
ɜɨɞɢɞɨɞɚɜɚɣɬɟɜɨɞɭɡɧɚɞɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨɸɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɿɫɬɸɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɞɨɞɚɬɢɳɟɜɨɞɢɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣ-
ɬɟɫɹɳɨɬɜɟɪɞɚʀɠɚɩɨɝɥɢɧɭɥɚɪɿɞɢɧɭəɤɳɨɞɨɞɚɬɢɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɛɚɝɚɬɨɜɨɞɢɜɨɧɚɦɨɠɟɜɢɥɢ-
ɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɞɟɹɤɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɫɬɜɨɪɸɸɱɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɚɛɨɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɸɱɢɩɨɲɤɨ-
ɞɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɢɜɛɭɞɶɹɤɟɿɧɲɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɰɶɨɝɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɰɟ
ɡɜɿɥɶɧɹɽɣɨɝɨɜɿɞɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿɡɚɡɛɢɬɤɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭȼɧɟɫɟɧɧɹɡɦɿɧɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɜɟɞɟɞɨɫɤɚɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɝɚɪɚɧɬɿʀ
ǵǮǹǶȆǸǼǰǥǾǶǵǶǸǶ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɚɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɨɸɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
Ɂɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɨɩɿɤɢɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɞɨɱɚɲɿɤɨɲɢɤɚɿɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯɱɚ-
ɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɿɫɥɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹ
ɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧ
ǵǮǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǻȍǵǯdzǵǽdzǸǶ
ɎȽȻɁɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɄɍɀȲɈɌɍɋɎɅɑȲȳɊɀɋɀȿɊɉɒȻɍɅɉɇȽɃɅɉɋɃɌɍȻɈɈɚ
ɐɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɭɦɨɜɚɯɬɚɜɭɦɨɜɚɯ
ɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɯɞɨɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɚɫɚɦɟ
ɧɚɤɭɯɧɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɿɜɨɮɿɫɿɜɬɚɭɿɧɲɢɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ
ɭɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ
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ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɤɥɿɽɧɬɚɦɢɝɨɬɟɥɿɜɦɨɬɟɥɿɜɬɚɿɧɲɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɠɢ-
ɜɚɧɧɹ
123
UA
ɭɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯɬɢɩɭ©EHGDQGEUHDNIDVWª
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɧɟɫɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɚɛɨɡɚɜɢ-
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɟɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɭɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɿɫɟɪ-
ɜɿɫɧɿɩɨɫɥɭɝɢɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɩɨɥɨɦɨɤɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɸ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɸɜɢɪɨɛɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɨȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨɝɨ
ɰɟɧɬɪɭ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɱɢɯɳɨɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶɞɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɯɚɛɨɧɚ-
ɞɚɧɢɯɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɪɢɡɢɤɭɩɨɠɟɠɿɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɫɬɪɭɦɨɦɬɚɦɨɠɟɡɚɜɞɚɬɢɲɤɨɞɭɥɸɞɹɦ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɭȯɋʋɜɿɞɳɨɞɨɦɚɬɟ-
ɪɿɚɥɿɜɹɤɿɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɸɬɶɡɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȒșȭȒȳȠȓȗ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɪɨɤɿɜɬɚɨɫɨɛɢɡɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢ-
ɦɢɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɢɦɢɚɛɨɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɦɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦ
ɞɨɫɜɿɞɨɦɚɛɨɡɧɚɧɧɹɦɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɚɛɨɩɿɫɥɹɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠɭɳɨɞɨɛɟɡ-
ɩɟɱɧɨɝɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɬɚɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɢɯɡɰɢɦɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
Ⱦɿɬɹɦɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɝɪɚɬɢɫɹɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɿɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɛɨɤɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ
ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɶɦɢɹɤɿɦɨɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜɬɚɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɬɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨ-
ɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɬɚɤɢɦɱɢɧɨɦɳɨɛɞɿɬɢɧɟɦɨɝɥɢɞɿɫɬɚɬɢɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚ-
ɫɬɢɧ
ȿɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɩɨɪɭɱɡɞɿɬɶɦɢɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɽ
ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨʀɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ
ɍɧɢɤɚɣɬɟɬɨɝɨɳɨɛɞɿɬɢɫɯɨɩɢɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɦɨɝɥɢɫɤɢɧɭɬɢɩɪɢ-
ɥɚɞ
ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɹɤɳɨ ɰɟɣ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɭɬɢɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ
ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɪɿɡɚɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧ-
ɧɹɄɪɿɦɬɨɝɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɩɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹɡɭɫɿɦɚɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɳɨɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢɤɨ-
ɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɥɹɿɝɨɪ
ǵȎȟȠȓȞȓȔȓțțȭȝȞȜȜȝȳȘȖ
• ɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɞɨɤɨɲɢɤɚɱɚɲɿɿɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɯɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɟ-
ɤɿɥɶɤɚɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɿɫɥɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɝɚɪɹ-
ɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜ
Ʉɨɥɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɟɩɪɚɰɸɽɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɿɞɚ-
ɜɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɬɢɩɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɇɟɩɟɪɟɦɿɳɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɤɢɜɿɧɳɟɦɿɫɬɢɬɶʀɠɭ
124
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ɇɟɜɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɹɤɳɨɜɿɧɧɟɦɿɫɬɢɬɶʀɠɭ
ɇɚɫɢɩɚɣɬɟɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɡɚɜɠɞɢɿɬɿɥɶɤɢɭɤɨɲɢɤɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭʀɠɿɡ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɢɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɥɶɧɢɦɢɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɇɟɡɚɤɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɩɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚɛɿɪɧɢɤɢ
ɇɟɡɚɩɨɜɧɸɣɬɟɱɚɲɭɨɥɿɽɸɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɠɟɠɿ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɝɚɪɹɱɟɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɿɩɚɪɜɢɯɨɞɹɬɶɡɩɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚɛɿɪɧɢɤɚɇɟ
ɧɚɛɥɢɠɚɣɬɟɪɭɤɢɿɨɛɥɢɱɱɹɞɨɩɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚɛɿɪɧɢɤɚ
Ʉɨɥɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɿɫɬɚɽɬɶɫɹɱɚɲɚɡɜɿɞɬɢɬɚɤɨɠɜɢɯɨɞɹɬɶɝɚɪɹɱɟɩɨ-
ɜɿɬɪɹɿɩɚɪɇɟɧɚɛɥɢɠɚɣɬɟɪɭɤɢɿɨɛɥɢɱɱɹɞɨɱɚɲɿ
əɤɳɨɡɩɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚɛɿɪɧɢɤɚɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɱɨɪɧɢɣɞɢɦɧɟɝɚɣɧɨɜɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɡɩɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚ-
ɛɿɪɧɢɤɚɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢɞɢɦȾɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɱɚɲɭɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
• ɍɜɚɝɚɝɚɪɹɱɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȐȭȕȎțȎȕȓșȓȘȠȞȖȘȜȬ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɨɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶɳɨɜɤɚ-
ɡɚɧɚɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɧɚɩɪɭɡɿɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
əɤɳɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɛɭɞɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɧɟɭɬɿɣɤɪɚʀɧɿɞɟɜɿɧɛɭɜɩɪɢɞɛɚɧɢɣ
ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɬɟɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɭɐɟɧ-
ɬɪɿɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɂɚɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɜɚɱɚɜɿɧɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɿɞ-
ɩɨɜɿɞɚɬɢɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɳɨɛɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɚɦɞɥɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɿɝɚ-
ɪɚɧɬɭɜɚɬɢɛɟɡɩɟɤɭɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹɜɹɤɨɦɭɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɩɪɢɥɚɞ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɞɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɡɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
ɇɟɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɣɬɟɫɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɹɤɳɨɭɜɚɫɦɨɤɪɿɪɭɤɢɚɛɨɜɢɛɨɫɨɧɿɠ
• Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ ɹɤɳɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɜɢɥ-
ɤɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɿɚɛɨɹɤɳɨɫɚɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɢɣɍɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɡɪɟɦɨɧɬɭ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢɡɚɦɿɧɭɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɋɟɪ-
ɜɿɫɧɢɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ©$ULHWHª ɚɛɨ ɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɫɬɚɦɢ
©$ULHWHªɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
ɇɟɩɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɛɭɞɶɹɤɿɿɧɲɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɢɡɜɟɥɢɤɨɸɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɸɩɟɱɿɩɪɚɫɤɢ
ɪɚɞɿɚɬɨɪɢɿɬɩɭɬɭɠɫɚɦɭɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɿɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɜɚɬɢɡɝɚɪɹɱɢɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɦɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɬɹɝɚɬɢ ɜɢɥɤɭ ɡ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ ɬɪɢɦɚɸɱɢ ʀʀ ɡɚ ɤɚ-
ɛɟɥɶ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɛɥɢɡɭɜɿɞɝɨɫɬɪɢɯɤɪɚʀɜɚɛɨɱɚɫɬɢɧ
ɇɟɩɟɪɟɫɭɜɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɬɹɝɧɭɱɢɣɨɝɨɡɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɝɪɨɡɢɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
125
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ȁȐȎȑȎȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȳȕȏȖȠȘȖ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɡɚɜɠɞɢɪɨɡɦɨɬɭɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɠɢɜɢɬɢɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɬɚɣɦɟɪɢɚɛɨɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ
ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤɡɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɿɣɧɢɦɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ
ɓɨɛɧɟɩɨɪɭɲɭɜɚɬɢɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɿɫɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɬɿɥɶɤɢɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶ-
ɧɿɡɚɩɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɬɚɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɱɿɫɯɜɚɥɟɧɿɫɚɦɢɦɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦ
ɉɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨɹɤɜɢɥɤɚɤɚɛɟɥɸɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɛɭɥɚɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɚɜɿɞɪɨ-
ɡɟɬɤɢɿɜɫɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɥɢɣɨɝɨɦɨɠɧɚɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ
ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɡɥɟɝɤɚɡɦɨɱɟɧɨɸɭɜɨɞɿɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɪɨɡɱɢɧɧɢɤɢɳɨɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɭɸɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ
ɇɟɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɛɥɢɡɭɡɚɣɦɢɫɬɢɯɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜɬɤɚɧɢɧɢɮɿɪɚɧɤɢ
ɉɟɪɲɧɿɠɩɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹɡɚɜɠɞɢɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢ-
ɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɝɚɪɹɱɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɬɶ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɿɞɞɿɽɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯɹɜɢɳɞɨɳɫɨɧɰɟɿɬɩ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦɧɚɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɦɭɩɨɜɿɬɪɿ
ɇɟɪɨɡɛɢɪɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞȼɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɹɤɢɦɢɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɚɛɨɦɢɬɢɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿ
Ɂɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɡɚɤɪɢɬɨɦɭɩɪɨɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɦɭɿɫɭɯɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȦȘȜȒȔȓțȪȝȜȐȭȕȎțȖȣȕȳțȦȖȚȖȝȞȖȥȖ-
țȎȚȖ
ȼɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɬɿɥɶɤɢɬɨɞɿɤɨɥɢɜɿɧɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɪɨɛɨɱɨɦɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɿ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɛɟɡɧɚɝɥɹɞɭɤɨɥɢɜɿɧɩɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɢɣɞɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɦɟ-
ɪɟɠɿ
• əɤɳɨɜɚɦɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɜɿɞɥɭɱɢɬɢɫɹɧɚɜɿɬɶɧɚɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣɱɚɫɡɚɜɠɞɢɜɢɦɢɤɚɣɬɟ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɜɢɪɨɛɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨʀɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɢ
ȯɋɫɥɿɞɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɣɚɪɤɭɲɳɨɞɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɞɨɜɢɪɨɛɭ
•ǵǯdzǾǥDZǮǷȀdzȄȌǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥȌ
ǼǽǶǿǽǾǶǹǮDzȁ
$ɉɨɜɿɬɪɨɡɚɛɿɪɧɢɤ - ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɢ
%ɋɟɧɫɨɪɧɚɩɚɧɟɥɶɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ .ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿʀ
&Ʉɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ / ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
'ɑɚɲɚ 0ȼɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɱɚɫɭɿɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ
(Ɋɭɱɤɚ 1Ʉɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ
)Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɪɨɡɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɨɲɢɤɚ 2Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
*Ɏɿɤɫɚɬɨɪ 3Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɢɛɨɪɭɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ
+Ʉɨɲɢɤ 4Ʉɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
, Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
126
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ǥȒȓțȠȖȢȳȘȎȤȳȗțȳȒȎțȳ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɹɤɚɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɨɩɨɪɧɨɸɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɨɸɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɿɬɚɤɿɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɿ
ɞɚɧɧɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɿɦɚɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ&(
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɆɨɞ
ɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ61
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɚɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹȼɿɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɚɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɶȼɬ
ɧɨɦɟɪɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɨʀɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨʀɥɿɧɿʀ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɝɨɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹɞɨɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɿɜɜɤɚɠɿɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɿɫɟ-
ɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǽdzǾdzDzǽǼȅǮȀǸǼǺǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɩɚɤɭɜɚɥɶɧɿɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɢɡɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɪɿɜɧɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɜɿɞɞɚɥɿɤɜɿɞɜɨɞɢɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ-
ɫɹɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɧɚɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɜɢɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɣɞɨɜɢɫɨɤɢɯɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
- ɉɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɪɨɡɩɪɚɜɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
Ɋɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɤɭɠɬɺɴɩɨɛɪɫɮɞɛɟɩɧɛɳɨɷɩʁɧɠɫɠɡʀɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɛɢɭʀɾɹɴɩɝɥɛɢɛɨɛ
ɨɛɭɛɜɦɣɲɱʀɭɠɰɨʀɲɨɣɰɟɛɨɣɰɪɫɣɦɛɟɮ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɧɚɜɿɞɫɬɚɧɿɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɫɦɜɿɞɫɬɿɧɦɟɛɥɿɜɬɚɿɧɲɢɯɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɜ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɟɪɲɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɨɦɢɣɬɟɱɚɲɭ'ɿɤɨɲɢɤ+
ȼɿɡɶɦɿɬɶɫɹɡɚɪɭɱɤɭ(ɿɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɱɚɲɭɪɚɡɨɦɡɤɨɲɢɤɨɦɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ&Ɋɢɫ
Ɂɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɮɿɤɫɚɬɨɪ*ɭɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭɤɨɲɢɤɚɊɢɫ
- ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɨɡɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɨɲɢɤɚ)ɿɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɤɨɲɢɤɡɱɚɲɿɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɸɱɢ
ɣɨɝɨɜɝɨɪɭɊɢɫ
ɑɚɲɭɿ ɤɨɲɢɤɦɨɠɧɚ ɦɢɬɢɭ ɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿ ɍɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ
ɦɢɸɱɢɣɡɚɫɿɛɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɭɿɦɹɤɭɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɭɝɭɛɤɭȾɢɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ³ɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ´
ǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥǦǵǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɯɚɪɱɨɜɿɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɭɤɨɲɢɤɇɟɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɣɬɟɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɜɿɞɦɿɬɤɨɸ0$;
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɤɨɲɢɤɭɱɚɲɭɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɣɡɜɭɤɤɥɚɰɫɩɨɜɿɳɚɽɩɪɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭɊɢɫ
Ɂɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɮɿɤɫɚɬɨɪ*ɭɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭɪɭɱɤɢ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɱɚɲɭɜɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɚɥɴɩɲɛɳɛɝɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɛɨɠɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩɪɫɣɦɛɟɨɠɮɝʀɧɥɨɠɭɷɬɺ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
Ɂɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɨɤɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ1ɨɛɟɪɿɬɶɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɉɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɜɿɞ&ɞɨ&ɡɤɪɨɤɨɦɧɚɥɚɲɬɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹ&
Ɂɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɨɤɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ4ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɬɚɣɦɟɪɉɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟ-
ɧɨɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɱɚɫɜɿɞɯɜɢɥɢɧɢɞɨɯɜɢɥɢɧɡɤɪɨɤɨɦɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɧɭ
ɯɜɢɥɢɧɭ
ɓɨɛɩɪɢɲɜɢɞɲɢɬɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɭɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɱɚɫɭɿɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ-
127
UA
ɬɭɪɢɧɚɬɢɫɧɟɧɢɦɢ
ɍɹɤɨɫɬɿɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢɦɨɠɧɚɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɬɢɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɢɛɨɪɭɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ3Ɉɛɟɪɿɬɶɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɭɩɪɢ-
ɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨɬɢɩɭɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɱɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭɞɢɜ³ɉɨɪɚɞɢɡɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧ-
ɧɹ´ɡɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɸɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɽɸɳɨɞɨɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ2ɳɨɛɪɨɡɩɨɱɚɬɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿʀ.ɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɶɫɹɜɤɚɡɭɸɱɢɧɚɬɟɳɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿɹɩɨɱɚɥɚɩɪɚɰɸ-
ɜɚɬɢ
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ/ɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɶɫɹ
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ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɱɧɟɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɯɚɪɱɨɜɿɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɨɠɧɚɩɨɦɿɬɢɬɢɳɨɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ/ɩɟɪɿɨɞɢɱɧɨɡɚɝɨɪɹɽɬɶɫɹ
ɿɝɚɫɧɟɐɟɜɤɚɡɭɽɧɚɪɨɛɨɬɭɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚɹɤɢɣɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɽɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹɇɚɞɢɫɩɥɟʀɛɭɞɭɬɶɱɟɪɝɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɡɜɨɪɨɬɧɶɨɝɨɜɿɞɥɿɤɭ ɱɚɫɭɬɚɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨʀ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɓɨɛɡɦɿɧɢɬɢɱɚɫɿɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɏɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɬɹ ɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜȾɢɜɤɧɢɠɟɱɤɭɡɪɟɰɟɩɬɚɦɢ
Ɇɨɠɧɚɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɪɨɡɿɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɯɚɪɱɨɜɿɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ
ɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɚɛɨɞɨɞɚɬɢɱɚɫɪɨɡɿɝɪɿɜɭɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɞɨɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɉɠɢɛɪɩɝɨɹɤɭɠɲɛɳɮɩɦʀɾɹ
Ɉɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɨɭɛɡɮɤɭɠ ɥɩɳɣɥ ɨɛɟɦɣɳɥɩɝɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ʁɡʀ ȿɩɭɫɣɧɮɤɭɠɬɷ ɧɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɩʁ
ɟɩɢɝɩɦɠɨɩʁɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀɺɥɮɝɥɛɢɮɾɪɩɢɨɛɲɥɛɫʀɝɨɺ
ɊʀɟɲɛɬɪɠɫɳɩɞɩɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺɪɫɣɦɛɟɧɩɡɠɝɣɟʀɦɺɭɣɦɠɞɥɣɤɢɛɪɛɰɭɛɟɣɧɈɠɭɮɫɜɮɤ-
ɭɠɬɺɱɠɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɠɺɝɣɴɠɛɟɡɠɟɠɺɥʀɲɛɬɭɣɨɣɜɮɦɣɢɦɠɞɥɛɢɧɛɴɠɨʀɪʀɬɦɺɨɠɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɞɩ
ɲɛɬɮɢɛɪɛɰɢɨɣɥɨɠɑɠɨɠɧɛɭɣɧɠɡɩɟɨɩɞɩɝɪɦɣɝɮɨɛɫɩɜɩɭɮɪɫɣɦɛɟɮ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɢɧɚɩɚɭɡɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɳɨɛɩɟɪɟɦɿɲɚɬɢɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢ
ɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɨɰɟɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ȼɿɡɶɦɿɬɶɫɹɡɚɪɭɱɤɭɿɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɱɚɲɭɩɨɬɹɝɧɭɜɲɢɧɚɡɨɜɧɿɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɟɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɬɢ
ɉɨɬɪɹɫɿɬɶɱɚɲɭɳɨɛɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɥɢɫɹɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɨ
ɓɨɛɩɨɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɨɛɨɬɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɫɬɚɜɬɟɱɚɲɭɭʀʀɝɧɿɡɞɨ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɞɨɱɚɲɿɤɨɲɢɤɚɿɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɌɪɹɫɭɱɢɱɚɲɭɧɟɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɣɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɨɡɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɨɲɢɤɚ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɄɨɥɢɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɿɫɬɚɽɬɶɫɹɱɚɲɚɡɜɿɞɬɢɬɚɤɨɠɜɢɯɨɞɹɬɶɝɚɪɹ-
ɱɟɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɿɩɚɪɇɟɧɚɛɥɢɠɚɣɬɟɪɭɤɢɿɨɛɥɢɱɱɹɞɨɱɚɲɿ
ɉɿɫɥɹɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɞɚɫɬɶɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɿɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹəɤɳɨɿɧɝɪɟ-
ɞɿɽɧɬɢɧɟɝɨɬɨɜɿɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɩɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɢɱɚɲɭɧɚɡɚɞɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɬɚɣɦɟɪɧɚɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚ
ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ɓɨɛɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɪɭɱɧɭɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ2ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɪɢɝɨɬɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹ/ɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿʀɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞ
Ⱦɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɱɚɲɭ
Ɂɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɮɿɤɫɚɬɨɪ*ɭɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭɤɨɲɢɤɚɊɢɫ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɨɡɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɨɲɢɤɚ)ɿɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɤɨɲɢɤɡɱɚɲɿɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɸɱɢ
ɣɨɝɨɜɝɨɪɭɊɢɫ
ɇɚɫɢɩɬɟɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɭɬɚɪɿɥɤɭɉɨɞɚɣɬɟɧɚɫɬɿɥ
128
UA
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɨɩɿɤɿɜɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɞɨɱɚɲɿɤɨɲɢɤɚɿɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚ
ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɿɫɥɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɚɧɿɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɦɚɸɬɶɡɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɢɣ
ɚɧɟɱɨɪɧɢɣɚɛɨɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɢɣɤɨɥɿɪɁɧɿɦɿɬɶɡɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɩɿɞ-
ɝɨɪɿɥɨɝɨ
ɔɩɜɟʀɬɭɛɭɣɝɠɦɣɥʀɛɜɩɥɫɣɰɥʀʀɨɞɫɠɟʀɾɨɭɣɢɥɩɳɣɥɛɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɤɭɠɥɮɦʀɨɛɫɨʀɴʀɪɱʀ
ɇɩɡɦɣɝɣɤɨɛɟɦɣɳɩɥɩɦʀʁɨɛɥɩɪɣɲɮɾɭɷɬɺɨɛɟɨʀɲɛɳʀ
Ɋʀɬɦɺɢɛɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʀɨɞɫɠɟʀɾɨɭʀɝ ɪɫɣɦɛɟ ɧɩɡɨɛɢɫɛɢɮɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ
ɪɩɝɭɩɫɨɩɟɦɺɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺʀɨɳɣɰɰɛɫɲɩɝɣɰɪɫɩɟɮɥɭʀɝ
ǽȜȞȎȒȖȕȝȞȖȑȜȠȡȐȎțțȭ
Ɂɚɛɚɠɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɢɧɚɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɿɣɪɨɡɿɝɪɿɜɛɟɡɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜ
Ɂɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɨɤɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ1ɨɛɟɪɿɬɶɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɂɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɨɤɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ4ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɬɚɣɦɟɪɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɿɠ
ɧɚɬɪɢɯɜɢɥɢɧɢ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ2
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɱɧɟɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɬɢ
Ɇɟɧɲɿɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɶɬɪɨɯɢɤɨɪɨɬɲɨɝɨɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɭɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿɡɛɿɥɶɲɢɦɢ
ɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɚɦɢ
Ȼɿɥɶɲɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɽɬɪɨɯɢɞɨɜɲɨɝɨɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɚɦɟɧɲɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ±
ɤɨɪɨɬɲɨɝɨɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ⱦɥɹɨɩɬɢɦɿɡɚɰɿʀɮɿɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɭɿɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɦɿ-
ɲɚɣɬɟɦɟɧɲɿɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɧɚɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɩɪɨɰɟɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɓɨɛɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɯɪɭɫɬɤɭɫɤɨɪɢɧɤɭɞɨɞɚɣɬɟɨɞɧɭɥɨɠɤɭɨɥɿʀɞɨɫɜɿɠɨʀɚɛɨɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɨʀɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿ
Ɂɚɤɭɫɤɢɳɨɝɨɬɭɸɬɶɫɹɭɩɟɱɿɦɨɠɧɚɬɚɤɨɠɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɭɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɧɿɣɮɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɿ
Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɯɪɭɫɬɤɨʀɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨɝ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɝɨɬɨɜɭɩɚɫɬɭɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɮɚɪɲɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɯɡɚɤɭɫɨɤɰɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɿɲɜɢɞɤɨ
Ȼɿɥɶɲɬɨɝɨɭɠɟɝɨɬɨɜɚɩɚɫɬɚɝɨɬɭɽɬɶɫɹɲɜɢɞɲɟɧɿɠɩɚɫɬɚɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɚɧɚɜɞɨɦɚ
ǰȖȕțȎȥȓțȳȝȞȜȑȞȎȚȖ
ɍɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿɣɬɚɛɥɢɰɿɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɿɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢɧɚɹɜɧɿɭɩɚɧɟɥɿɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ& ɑɚɫɯɜ
ɫɦɚɠɟɧɚ
ɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɚ
ɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɹ
ɫɦɚɠɟɧɚ ɫɜɿɠɚ
ɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɹ
ɪɚɤɨɩɨɞɿɛɧɿ
ɫɨɥɨɞɨɳɿ
129
UA
ɤɭɪɹɬɢɧɚ
ɱɟɪɜɨɧɟɦɹɫɨ
ɪɢɛɚ
Ʉɨɠɟɧɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ Ʉɨɠɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚ ɦɚɽɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɟɦ-
ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɿɱɚɫɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɿɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɿɬɢɩɭɯɚɪɱɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭɑɚɫɩɪɢ-
ɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɨɪɿɽɧɬɨɜɧɢɣɬɨɛɬɨɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶɬɚɤɨɠɜɿɞɬɨɜɳɢɧɢɿɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿʀɠɿɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɿɱɚɫɭɭɡɚɡɞɚɥɟɝɿɞɶɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚɯɦɨɠɧɚɬɚɤɨɠɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ
ɋɦɚɠɟɧɚɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɹɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɚ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ɋɦɚɠɟɧɚɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɹɫɜɿɠɚ ɉɟɪɲɢɣɰɢɤɥɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɣɰɢɤɥɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ɋɦɚɠɟɧɿɨɜɨɱɿ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ʉɚɪɬɨɩɥɹɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ʉɪɨɤɟɬɢ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ʉɪɨɤɟɬɢɡɤɭɪɹɬɢɧɢ ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ʉɭɪɹɱɿɫɬɟɝɧɚ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ȼɿɮɲɬɟɤɫ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ʉɨɬɥɟɬɢ ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ʉɪɟɜɟɬɤɢ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ɍɨɪɬ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ʉɿɲ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ɋɢɛɚ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ȼɿɞɛɢɜɧɚɿɡɫɜɢɧɢɧɢ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ɋɩɪɿɧɝɪɨɥɢ ±ɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ȂȡțȘȤȳȭȎȐȠȜȚȎȠȖȥțȜȑȜȐȖȚȘțȓțțȭ
ɐɟɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɢɣɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦɄɨɥɢɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɞɨɫɹɝɚɽ³´ɩɪɢɥɚɞɩɨɞɚɽɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɣɫɢɝ-
ɧɚɥɿɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɜɢɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹɓɨɛɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɜɪɭɱɧɭɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
ɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ2ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ/ɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɿʀɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɱɟɪɟɡ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞ
əɤɳɨɞɿɫɬɚɬɢɱɚɲɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹ
130
UA
ȅǶǿȀǸǮǥȀdzȃǻǥȅǻdzǼǯǿǹȁDZǼǰȁǰǮǻǻȍ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɡɚɜɠɞɢɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢȼɫɿ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɤɨɥɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɯɨɥɨɞɧɢɣ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɇɟɡɚɧɭɪɸɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɣɬɟɫɬɚɧɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɜɚɲɨɝɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɹɤɳɨɤɚɛɟɥɶɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɢɣɞɨɫɬɚɜɬɟɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɧɚɣɛɥɢɠɱɢɣɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣɰɟɧɬɪɞɥɹɡɚɦɿɧɢ
ɤɚɛɟɥɸɹɤɭɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɢɣɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɿɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɢɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȝȞȖșȎȒȡ
ȼɢɬɪɿɬɶɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɜɨɥɨɝɨɸɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɚɩɨɬɿɦɫɭɯɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸ
Ⱦɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨʀɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɭɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɭɡɦɨɱɟɧɭɝɚ-
ɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸȼɢɬɪɿɬɶɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɞɨɫɭɯɚ
Ⱦɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɥɶɧɢɯɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɫɭɯɭɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɭɳɨɛɭɫɭɧɭɬɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɢʀɠɿ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȘȜȚȝȜțȓțȠȳȐ
ɑɚɲɭɿ ɤɨɲɢɤɦɨɠɧɚ ɦɢɬɢɭ ɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿ ɍɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ
ɦɢɸɱɢɣɡɚɫɿɛɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɭɿɦɹɤɭɧɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɭɝɭɛɤɭ
ȼɿɡɶɦɿɬɶɫɹɡɚɪɭɱɤɭɿɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɱɚɲɭɪɚɡɨɦɡɤɨɲɢɤɨɦɡɤɨɪɩɭɫɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
- ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɨɡɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɨɲɢɤɚ)ɿɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨɞɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɤɨɲɢɤɡɱɚɲɿɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɸɱɢ
ɣɨɝɨɜɝɨɪɭɊɢɫ
ɓɨɛɪɨɡɦɹɤɲɢɬɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɢʀɠɿɧɚɤɨɲɢɤɭɦɨɠɧɚɧɚɩɨɜɧɢɬɢɱɚɲɭɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸȾɨɞɚɣɬɟ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɦɢɸɱɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɤɨɲɢɤɿɡɚɥɢɲɬɟɧɚɯɜɢɥɢɧɳɨɛɩɨɞɿɹɜɡɚɫɿɛ
ɉɨɦɢɣɬɟɿɜɢɫɭɲɿɬɶ
ɒɛɳɛʀɥɩɳɣɥɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨʀɢ ɨɠɪɫɣɞɛɫɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ ɧɛɭɩɝʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɬɦʀɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ
ɢɺɝɣɭɣɬɺɪʀɬɦɺɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɞɩɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺɾɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɣɧɺɝɣɴɠɧʀɨɠɪɬɮɹɭɷɪɫɩɱɠɬ
ɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺɛɜɩɬɧɛɥɰɛɫɲɩɝɣɰɪɫɩɟɮɥɭʀɝ
131
UA
ǽǥDzǸǮǵǸǶDzǹȍǰǶǾǥȆdzǻǻȍDzdzȍǸǶȃǽǾǼǯǹdzǺ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ Ƀɦɨɜɿɪɧɿɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ȼɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɧɟɩɪɚɰɸɽ ȼɢɥɤɚɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɜɟɥɟɤ-
ɬɪɢɱɧɭɪɨɡɟɬɤɭ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɭɡɚ-
ɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ
ɇɟɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣɬɚɣɦɟɪ Ɂɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɨɤɤɟɪɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹɱɚɫɨɦɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɛɚɠɚɧɢɣɱɚɫɩɪɢ-
ɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭ
ɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɳɨɛ
ɪɨɡɩɨɱɚɬɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɑɚɲɚɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶ-
ɧɨ Ⱦɨɛɪɟɜɫɬɚɜɬɟɱɚɲɭɜɫɟɪɟ-
ɞɢɧɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ȱɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɧɟɝɨɬɨɜɿ Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜɜɫɟɪɟ-
ɞɢɧɿɱɚɲɿɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɦɟɧɲɟɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧ-
ɬɿɜɭɤɨɲɢɤɆɟɧɲɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɝɨɬɭɽɬɶɫɹɛɿɥɶɲɨɞɧɨɪɿɞɧɨ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɧɢɡɶɤɚ Ɂɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɨɤ
ɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɸ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶ
ɛɚɠɚɧɭɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭȾɢɜ
ɤɧɢɠɟɱɤɭɡɪɟɰɟɩɬɚɦɢ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ Ɂɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɨɤɤɟɪɭ-
ɜɚɧɧɹɱɚɫɨɦɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɛɚɠɚɧɢɣɱɚɫ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹȾɢɜɤɧɢɠɟɱɤɭ
ɡɪɟɰɟɩɬɚɦɢ
ȱɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ
ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɿɞɧɨ Ⱦɟɹɤɿɬɢɩɢɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜɧɟɨɛ-
ɯɿɞɧɨɩɟɪɟɦɿɲɭɜɚɬɢɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚ
ɪɚɡɿɜɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ȱɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɳɨɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ
ɡɜɟɪɯɭɚɛɨɹɤɿɩɨɤɪɢɬɿɿɧɲɢ-
ɦɢɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɚɦɢɤɚɪɬɨɩ-
ɥɟɸɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɩɟɪɟɦɿɲɭ-
ɜɚɬɢɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɋɦɚɠɟɧɿɡɚɤɭɫɤɢɧɟɯɪɭɫɬɤɿ ȼɢɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɟɬɢɩɢɡɚ-
ɤɭɫɨɤɹɤɿɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɿɣɧɢɦɢɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɡɚɤɭɫɤɢɹɤɿ
ɝɨɬɭɸɬɶɫɹɭɩɟɱɿɚɛɨɡɦɚ-
ɳɭɣɬɟɡɚɤɭɫɤɢɨɥɿɽɸɩɟɪɲ
ɧɿɠɩɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɢʀɯɭɤɨɲɢɤ
ɑɚɲɚɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶ-
ɧɨ Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜɜɫɟɪɟ-
ɞɢɧɿɱɚɲɿɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɦɟɧɲɟɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧ-
ɬɿɜɭɤɨɲɢɤɆɟɧɲɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɝɨɬɭɽɬɶɫɹɛɿɥɶɲɨɞɧɨɪɿɞɧɨ
Ʉɨɲɢɤɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɭɱɚɲɭ Ⱦɨɛɪɟɜɫɬɚɜɬɟɤɨɲɢɤɜɫɟɪɟ-
ɞɢɧɭɱɚɲɿ
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ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ Ƀɦɨɜɿɪɧɿɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ȼɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ
Ɂɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɛɿɥɢɣ
ɞɢɦ ȼɢɝɨɬɭɽɬɟɛɿɥɶɲɠɢɪɧɿ
ɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢ ɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɛɿɥɶɲ
ɠɢɪɧɢɯɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜɭɱɚɲɿ
ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɭɽɬɶɫɹɛɿɥɶɲɟɨɥɿʀ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɨɥɿɹ
ɜɢɞɿɥɹɽɛɿɥɶɲɟɛɿɥɨɝɨɞɢɦɭ
ɧɿɠɡɚɡɜɢɱɚɣɐɟɧɟɦɚɽ
ɠɨɞɧɨɝɨɜɩɥɢɜɭɧɚɩɪɢɝɨ-
ɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɿɜɚɛɨɧɚ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɍɱɚɲɿɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹɡɚɥɢɲɤɢ
ɠɢɪɭɜɿɞɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɿɯɩɪɢɝɨ-
ɬɭɜɚɧɶ
Ȼɿɥɢɣɞɢɦɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɦɠɢɪɭɚɛɨɨɥɿʀ
ɹɤɿɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹɭɱɚɲɿ
Ɋɟɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɱɚɲɭɩɿɫɥɹ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɋɜɿɠɚɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɹɩɨɪɿɡɚɧɚ
ɫɨɥɨɦɤɨɸɫɦɚɠɢɬɶɫɹɧɟɨ-
ɞɧɨɪɿɞɧɨ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɬɢɩ
ɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɣɞɥɹ
ɫɦɚɠɟɧɧɹ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɫɜɿɠɭɤɚɪɬɨ-
ɩɥɸɿɧɟɡɚɛɭɜɚɣɬɟɩɟɪɟɜɟɪ-
ɬɚɬɢʀʀɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɋɩɨɥɿɫɤɭɣɬɟɿɩɪɨɫɭɲɭɣɬɟ
ɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɸɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɫɦɚɠɢɬɢ
ʀʀ
ɋɩɨɥɿɫɤɭɣɬɟɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɸɿ
ɜɢɞɚɥɹɣɬɟɭɜɟɫɶɤɪɨɯɦɚɥɶ
ɹɤɢɣɡɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿ
ɋɜɿɠɚɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɹɩɨɪɿɡɚɧɚ
ɫɨɥɨɦɤɨɸɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɯɪɭɫɬɤɨɸɩɿɫɥɹɫɦɚɠɟɧɧɹɭ
ɮɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɿ
ɏɪɭɫɬɤɿɫɬɶɫɦɚɠɟɧɨʀɤɚɪɬɨ-
ɩɥɿɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶɜɿɞɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ
ɜɨɞɢɳɨɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹɜɤɚɪɬɨ-
ɩɥɿɿɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿɨɥɿʀɧɚɥɢɬɨɸ
ɭɮɪɢɬɸɪɧɢɰɸ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɜɨɞɚɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɿɞɨɛɪɟɜɢ-
ɫɭɲɟɧɚɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɞɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ
ɨɥɿɸ
Ⱦɥɹɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɛɿɥɶɲɨʀɯɪɭ-
ɫɬɤɨɫɬɿɪɿɠɬɟɤɚɪɬɨɩɥɸɧɚ
ɫɨɥɨɦɤɭɦɟɧɲɨɝɨɪɨɡɦɿɪɭ
Ⱦɨɞɚɣɬɟɬɪɿɲɤɢɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ
ɨɥɿʀɳɨɛɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɛɿɥɶɲɭ
ɯɪɭɫɬɤɿɫɬɶ
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